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NH GI TN THNG V KH NNG THCH NGHI H GIA NH TRC THIN TAI V BIN I KH HU TRONG KHU VC THUC QUN BNH THY V HUYN VNH THNH, THNH PH CN TH
L Anh Tun v Trn Th Kim Hng1

ABSTRACT
A structured questionnaire-interview based survey on the impacts of natural disasters and climate change on households level was carried out in 4 areas of Binh Thuy and Vinh Thanh districts, Can Tho city. There were 200 households which are randomly chosen in the survey areas for two districts. The survey results showed that collected information was realistic and relevant to local peoples expectations. Local people in rural areas suffered more impacts of climate change than those who lived in suburban areas or nearby markets. Children, the elderly, disable people and the poor were the most vulnerable groups. The disaster preparedness of local people was not good enough; information, training courses organized by local authorities were so limited; there were few civil organization of pollution, natural disasters and climate change; local peoples behavior or awareness were not changed. Through the discussion, some recommendations for reducing the vulnerability and upgrading the adaptation capacity are given. Keywords: structured questionnaire-interview based survey, household, climate change, vulnerability, adaptation Title: Assessing the vulnerability and adaptation capacity of houldholds on natural disasters and climate change in areas of Binh Thuy district and Vinh Thanh district, CanTho City

TM TT
Mt cuc kho st bng phng php phng vn v tc ng ca thin tai v bin i kh hu ln quy m h gia nh c thc hin ti 4 khu vc thuc qun Bnh Thy v huyn Vnh Thnh, thnh ph Cn Th. C n 200 h c chn mt cch ngu nhin trong cc khu vc kho st ca hai qun huyn. Kt qu kho st cho thy cc thng tin thu c l thc t v th hin cc k vng ca c dn a phng. Ngi dn ti cc khu vc nng thn b tn thng do cc tc ng ca bin i kh hu nhiu hn so vi ngi dn sng vng th hoc ven . Tr em, ngi gi, ngi khuyt tt v ngi ngho l cc nhm b tn thng nht. Vic phng nga thin tai ca ngi dn a phng cha tt. S chun b ca ngi dn, thng tin, tp hun t chnh quyn v cc t chc dn s lin quan n nhim, thin tai, bin i kh hu n vi dn chng cha nhiu v cha lm thay i nhiu v hnh vi ca ngi dn. Qua tho lun, mt s khuyn co cho vic gim nh tn thng v nng cao kh nng thch ng c xut. T kha: kho st da vo bng cu hi v phng vn, h gia nh, bin i kh hu, tn thng, thch nghi
1

Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn Thin nhin, Trng i hc Cn Th

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1 GII THIU Bin i kh hu v thin tai c th lm nh hng n sinh k, sc khe v s n nh ca ngi dn, c bit l ngi dn ngho sng vng ven . nh gi tnh tn thng, kh nng chu ng trc cc ri ro thin nhin mc h gia nh, mt kho st gii hn quy m 200 h gia nh vng ven , l ni ang din ra qu trnh chuyn i t cuc sng nng thn qua thnh th. Theo xut ca chnh quyn a phng, 4 a im thuc Qun Bnh Thy v Huyn Vnh Thnh, thnh ph Cn Th c chn iu tra kho st. Mc tiu ca kho st ny l ly kt qu t thm d cng ng lm tin cho vic xut cc thc hin d n xa i gim ngho, pht trin kinh t - x hi a phng vi s lng ghp cc bin php thch ng vi bin i kh hu. 2 A IM V PHNG PHP TIP CN Phng Bi Hu Ngha l ni c chn lm kho st ca qun Bnh Thy. Phng c 637,12 ha t t nhin. Hai a im thuc phng Bi Hu Ngha c chn phng vn h gia nh l Khu vc 3 v Cn Sn. Khu vc 3 nm dc theo ng Cch mng Thng 8 hng t pun Ninh Kiu i v pha cu Bnh Thy. c im c dn khu vc ny a s thuc nhm h ngho v trung bnh, khng c t canh tc, sng ch yu l lao ng tay chn, bun bn nh, Cn Sn l mt c lao nm pha hu ngn sng Hu, k cn phng Bnh Thy. Cn Sn thuc khu vc 1 ca phng Bi Hu Ngha, c khong 90 h. c im dn c a s l ngho, lm ngh nng, c t canh tc, cc iu kin h tng rt thiu thn, kh khn, i li hn ch do phi dng . Vnh Thnh l mt huyn nng thn, nm v pha Ty Bc ca thnh ph Cn Th c din tch t nhin l 410 km. Hai a im c chn phng vn h gia nh l p B Bao v p Phng Qui A. p Phng Qui A c v tr thun li v giao thng hn p B Bao v c ng tri b-tng n th trn, trong khi p B Bao phi dng . a s c dn sng bng ngh nng, c rung t, chn nui heo. Cuc sng ca h cn khng t kh khn do phi chu ng cc nhim trong nng nghip, thiu iu kin thu gom rc, c bit p B Bao, iu kin nc sch v nh v sinh nng thn rt hn ch. Tip cn nhanh cng ng c th bng cch khc nhau nh nh gi nhanh hay nh gi nng thn c s tham gia ca cng ng (Participatory/ Rapid Rural Appraisal PRA/RRA) (Theis and Grady, 1991), qua bng cu hi c cu trc kt hoc vi phng vn trc tip (Stanley v Jaya, 1997, Tun, 2006). Vic kho st cc tc ng ca thin tai v bin i kh hu ln h gia nh c thc hin qua bng cu hi kt hp vi phng vn trc tip cho nhng nhm h giu trung bnh v ngho khc nhau. Cch tip cn ny c u im l c th nm bt cc trng hp v quan im khc nhau ca nhiu nhm h gia nh. Ngi c phng vn c s ct ngha r trc khi tr li theo cc cu hi c chun b. Ngi m ch v t hc c c hi by t kin ca mnh. Kho st ny cng gip chng ta r hn sinh hot v tp qun ca ngi dn trong khu vc. Vic iu tra c s gip ca chnh quyn a phng nhng cn b chnh quyn khng tham gia iu tra v phn tch d liu nhm bo m tnh khch quan. Tng s mu iu tra l 200,

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phn u cho mi Qun Huyn l 100. Mu c chn ngu nhin theo danh sch h trong khu vc. Cc bc tin hnh theo trnh t nh hnh 1.

Hnh 1: Lu tin trnh kho st v x l thng tin

Ni dung chnh trong phiu iu tra dng cu hi bn cu trc l tm hiu cuc sng ca nhng ngi trong h gia nh lin quan tng i n kh nng thch nghi vi bin i kh hu v thin tai, nh thng qua cc thng tin v s ngi trong h, trnh hc vn, vic lm thng xuyn hoc khng thng xuyn, thu nhp, cc s hu t ai, nh ca v cc tin nghi hin c trong gia nh lin quan n kh nng tip nhn tin tc qua cc phng tin truyn thng i chng, cc lp tp hun v phng trnh thin tai v hiu bit v bin i kh hu a phng, cc cm nhn ca h v cc thay i thi tit trc y v sau ny. Cui cng l nm c mt s nguyn vng v xut ca ngi dn thng qua mt s cu hi m. Cc s liu c nhp v x l qua bng tnh Microsoft Excel. Cc gi tr tnh ton tnh theo tr trung bnh (average) v s trung v (median). S trung v c u im l trnh c s l nh s trung bnh nn c dng nhiu hn (khi tnh tui ngi, s lao ng, phn loi,...). Kt qu c lp bng v phn tch trn s phn trm (percentage) ca tng s iu tra theo vng. Kt qu ny cng c s dng sp hng (ranking) vn theo s m hoc t l cao nht gim dn n s thp nht.

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3 KT QU V THO LUN Nhn chung, a s ngi dn u c s hp tc tch cc vi cn b iu tra. Khng c trng hp no b loi trong 200 phiu phng vn. Hu ht ngi phng vn nm c cu hi v tr li gn ht cc cu hi, t 97% s cu hi. Cc cu hi khng c tr li y thng ri vo cc cu hi v thu nhp, s lng ngi ph thuc trong gia nh, trnh hc vn. Nhng ngi c phng vn trong tng h gia nh ch yu l ch h, c mt s h ngi tr li l con ln trong nh. Nh thng k Bng 1, a s ngi tr li l nam gii, tui ngi c phng vn trong khong 44 50 tui, y l tui kh l tng cho ngi c kinh nghim trong cuc sng. Mi h c khong 4-5 ngi, t l nam n gn nh xp x. S lao ng trong h t 2-3 ngi, s nam lao ng nhiu hn s n lao ng. Mi gia nh u c t nht 2-3 ngi ph thuc (tr di 14 tui, ngi gi trn 60 tui hoc ngi tn tt), ring Phng Qui A c s ph thuc cao nht.
Bng 1: Thng k tnh trng gia nh ngi tham gia tr li phng vn Ngi tr li (%) Nam 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cn Th Vnh Thnh Cn Sn Bnh Thy B Bao Phng Qui A Trung bnh (**) = H s bin ng =
(*)

TT

a im

70 82 72 68 82 82 76 6,69

S lao S h ngho Tui S nhn ng chnh a phng (*) ngi khu (*) trong h tr li trong h Cn Trung (*) (*) N Tng N Ngho Giu ngho bnh 30 49 5 3 1 13 19 48 15 18 45 5 2 1 19 25 39 13 28 45 4 3 2 4 34 38 18 32 50 5 3 1 22 4 58 12 18 45 5 3 2 10 34 50 6 18 44 5 2 1 28 16 26 20 24 46 5 3 1 16 22 43 14 6,69 2,50 8,69 11,54 11,21 4,94
(**)

Tnh theo s trung v (Median)

Tnh trung bnh lm trn ln

Trong cc h c phng vn t l giu ngho theo tiu chun phn hng ca Nh nc, ti cc im iu tra, t l h ngho v cn ngho chim gp 2 3 ln so vi h giu, trong khi s h trung bnh khu vc gn ch v th trn (Bi Khu vc 3 v B Bao) th cao hn so vi khu vc xa ch (Cn Sn v Phng Qui A). V trnh hc vn, thng k cho thy a s ngi ch h c trnh mc tiu hc v trung hc c s (cp 2). Hu ht cc nh u c con i hc, bc hc ca cc con phn b u cc cp. Cc trng hp h c con khng c i hc thng tr li vi l do l con cn nh hoc kinh t gia nh kh khn, mt s khc khng gii thch l do. Lin quan n nh , ton b cc h c phng vn u c nh ring, trong khong 48-62% l nh cp 4 (nh s si, ct tm bng vt liu r tin, s dng di 3 nm). T l loi nh cp 1 (s dng trn 15 nm) ch c khu vc ch. Tp qun sinh sng gn sng rch th hin r vng nng thn Vnh Thnh. Ring Bnh Thy, phng Bi Hu Ngha xem nh vng ngoi nn s nh gn khu cng nghip nhiu, vng Cn Sn ch yu lm nh gn sng tin ly nc, i li. nh gi tnh trng s dng nh v sinh v nc sinh hot trong h gia nh, iu tra cho thy cc h khu vc nng thn, xa ch nh Cn Sn (Bnh Thy) v p Phng Qui A (Vnh Thnh) c t l khng c nh v sinh hoc s dng cu c

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kh cao (Bng 2). c bit c nhiu h va c nh v sinh c hm t hoi va s dng lun cu c trong vn rung nh mt hnh thc kim thm thu nhp va x l cht thi ngi. Ngun nc s dng trong gia nh th ngi dn dng c nc mt tm ra v va dng nc ma trong ma ma v nc my cho n ung. S lng dng ging khoan cao khu vc B Bao. Ring p Phng Qui A cha c h thng nc my, trong khi 100% h khu vc phng Bi Hu Ngha u c nc my.
Bng 2: Phn trm (%) c nh v sinh v ngun nc sinh hot phn theo a im Nh v sinh* a im (s mu) Bnh Thy (100) Khu vc 3(50) Cn Sn (50) Vnh Thnh (100) B Bao (50) Phng Qui A (50) Khng c 5 4 6 30 10 50 Cu c 36 0 72 25 24 26 Nh x tm 1 0 2 4 8 0 Nh v sinh c hm t hoi 60 96 24 41 58 24 Nc sng, ao knh 46 0 92 38 8 68 Ngun nc Nc ma 45 4 86 77 80 74 Ging khoan 6 2 10 49 58 40 Nc my 51 100 2 33 66 0

*Phn nh v sinh, mt s ni khng l t l tng 100% do ngi tr li cho bit gia nh c nh v sinh nhng b h hng cha sa c nn i nh ni khc hoc i ngoi ng. Mt s ngi tr li h s dng h s dng c nh v sinh gia nh v c cu c.

Ring thit b trong nh, khu vc qun Bnh Thy c trang thit b di do hn huyn Vnh Thnh. Cc thit b c nhiu trong gia nh trong c 2 ni c ghi nhn nhiu theo th t l tivi xe gn my radio my bm nc; iu ny cho thy ngi dn u tin mua sm phng tin nghe nhn v i li. Ring my tnh v t cu thng gia nh chim t l nh, tng xng gia trnh hc vn vi nhu cu hc tp v kin thc phng cha bnh trong ngi dn. iu ny l do mc thu nhp ca ngi dn vng ven cao hn vng nng thn xa. T l ngi dn khng c rung t canh tc cao Khu vc 3 (60%) v p Phng Qui A (54%). Phn cc h c t Bnh Thy, trung bnh mi gia nh c 3-4 cng t, t dng lm t vn cy n tri. p B Bao v p Phng Qui A, cc h c t trung bnh ln lt l 7,5 cng v 14 cng. t s dng Vnh Thnh l ch yu l t trng la, mt t s dng nui c. Ngun thu nhp trong gia nh hin nay trong cc h c phng vn khng c s khc bit ln gia cc khu vc. Cao nht l thu nhp t lm cng cho cc khu cng nghip, lm cng t do, k n l t lm vn, sau n cc ngun khc (nh cng nhn vin chc nh nc, lng hu, do gia nh nc ngoi gip , con ci gi tin h tr), tip theo l lm rung v bun bn dch v (t l thu nhp t hai hot ng ny xp x nh nhau). Cc ngun thu khc t hot ng tiu th cng nghip rt t, thu nhp t ch bin nng sn gn nh khng ng k (Bng 3).

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Bng 3: Xp hng cc ngun thu nhp t cao n thp* Mc Loi hnh thu nhp 1 Lm cng cc nh my 2 Lm mn t do 3 T canh tc vn ry, cy n tri 4 Cng chc, hu tr, t gia nh nc ngoi, con ci gip 5 Lm rung, canh tc la 6 Bun bn nh, dch v 7 Chn nui gia sc, gia cm trong gia nh 8 Tiu th cng nghip 9 Ch bin nng hi sn

*Trong iu tra ny, ngi dn khng xc nh c mc thu nhp c th trong nm ca gia nh m ch ra nhng ngun c thu nhp t cao n thp

Lin quan n ngi to ra thu nhp chnh trong gia nh, a s khu vc Bnh Thy cho bit thu nhp chnh t c nh cng lm, trong khi Vnh Thnh th tr li chnh t cc ngi con trong gia nh. So snh cc khu vc cho thy gia ngi chng v ngi v, s ngi to thu nhp cho gia nh cao hn s ngi v t 2 2,5 ln. Gia nhm v chng ch h v cc con th Bnh Thy cho bit cc con kim tin nhiu hn cha m, ngc li Vnh Thnh th nhm cha m to thu nhp cao hn cc con. iu ny c th l gii l khu vc Bnh Thy l khu ven nn cc hot ng kim tin thun li cho ngi tr hn ngi ln tui. Ngc li Vnh Thnh l vng nng thn su, ngun thu ch yu t rung t nn ngi ln chu lm vic hn ngi tr. Kho st ny cho thy xu th ngi tr ln vng th d sng hn ngi ln tui do ngi tr c kh nng thch ng cao hn. Qua iu tra c bit khong 50% cc ngi tr li phng vn vng gn ch v th trn (Khu vc 3 v B Bao) sn lng cho ngi khc bit ngun thu nhp ca mnh nhng khng th hin c r c th mc thu nhp quy ra tin, trong khi khu vc nng thn (Cn Sn, Phng Qui A) th d dt hn (ch 10 16% sn lng tr li). Ngun vn lm n ln nht trong cc h c phng vn cho bit l vn ring ca gia nh, ngun khc t vay vn Ngn hng Chnh sch, Ngn hng Pht trin Nng thn ( Vnh Thnh vay nhiu hn Bnh Thy), cc ngun khc t s gip ca thn nhn. c bit t l vay vn ca t nhn kh cao Vnh Thnh. iu ny lin quan n chnh sch v vn ng ca a phng. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy cc h tham gia cc t chc chnh tr - x hi v c tp hun th hin cho thy: Hi Ph n c s h tham gia nhiu nht, k n l cc hi on khc nh Hi ngi cao tui, cng tc ng (vng Bnh Thy) v Hi Nng d n (vng Vnh Thnh). Hi on Thanh nin t ngi tham gia nht, c l hot ng ny t s hp dn hn. Do vy, nu t chc tuyn truyn nn ch trng vo cc Hi Nng dn, Hi Ph n cc vng ny. Cc tp hun m ngi dn tham gia cao l dy ngh ( Vnh Thnh), v sinh phng dch (Khu vc 3, B Bao), phng chng thin tai (Khu vc 3, B Bao). iu lu l vng nng thn xa, ngi dn t c tip cn cc loi hnh tp hun (Cn Sn, Phng Qui A). Cc tp hun khc nh Ch thp , Dn qun t v, Khuyn nng, Chng nhim mi trng,cng ch yu vng gn ch. Cc lp tp hun lin quan n phng chng thin tai nh sau: Phng chng lt bo v tm kim cu nn, Thanh nin xung kch tnh nguyn, Ch thp (s cu). Cc tp hun ny u do chnh quyn qun huyn t chc.

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Ghi nhn ca ngi c phng vn v thin tai trong khong 5 nm gn y, xp loi theo thng k nh Bng 3. Mt cch tng qut, t ct xp hng ghi nhn, cho thy ngi dn lu 5 thay i ln nht ln lc l nhit cao - kh hn bo xi l - l lt. Cc yu t nh nhim mn, vi rng cng nh cc bt thng khc u ghi nhn l khng c. Cc din bin thi tit th hin cho Bng 4.
Bng 4: Thng k (%) cc ghi nhn ca ngi dn v thin tai

Cc yu t thi tit bt thng Nhit cao Kh hn Nhim phn Nhim mn L lt Lc xoy Bo Triu cng Sm st Nhit thp Xi l b Vi rng Cc bt thng khc

Khu vc 3 100 90 0 0 58 26 56 10 22 50 0 0 0

Cn Sn 46 12 2 0 4 2 0 10 0 4 12 0 0

B Bao 98 58 42 0 30 22 34 16 16 30 42 0 0

Phng Qui A 88 64 0 0 8 42 18 20 48 2 52 0 0

Xp theo ghi nhn cao nht n thp nht (1) Nhit cao (2) Kh hn (3) Bo (4) Xi l b (5) L lt (6) Lc xoy (7) Sm st (8) Nhit thp (9) Triu cng (10) Nhim phn (11) Nhim mn (12) Vi rng (13) Cc bt thng khc

So snh s bt thng v thi tit trong khong 5 nm gn y vi chng 5 10 nm v trc, cc ghi nhn ch quan c khc bit gia cc vng khc nhau. Bng 5 ghi nhn mt cch tng qut cho thy cc tc ng bi yu t thi tit bt thng ln sn xut v cuc sng tng a phng.
Bng 5: Cc tc ng ca thi tit bt thng ln sn xut v cuc sng (%)

Cc tc ng Nng sut gim Mt ma Thiu nc ung Gia sc cht, bnh Bnh cy trng Bnh tt ngi H hi nh ca Mt vic lm Phi di tn ch Gin on cng vic Mt vn/ l vn Cc thit hi khc

Khu vc 3 6 0 0 0 0 78 2 0 0 4 2 0

Cn Sn 24 4 2 0 14 0 0 2 4 4 0 0

B Bao 60 6 2 16 62 42 0 0 0 6 4 0

Phng Qui A 10 4 0 2 24 42 0 0 0 0 2 0

Xp theo ghi nhn cao nht n thp nht (1) Bnh tt ngi (2) Bnh cy trng (3) Nng sut gim (4) Gia sc cht, bnh (5) Mt ma (6) Gin on cng vic (7) Mt vn/ l vn (8) Thiu nc ung (9) Phi di tn ch (10) H hi nh ca (11) Mt vic lm (12) Cc thit hi khc

nh gi cc nhm i tng b tn thng c ghi nhn bng 6. Tng kt chung, tr em v ngi gi l 2 nhm i tng chu tn thng cao nht do thin tai, nhm ph n v nhng ngi lao ng ngoi tri b tn thng t hn.

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Bng 6: nh gi (%) nhm b tn thng khi c thin tai

Nhm b tn thng Tr em Ngi gi Ph n Ngi khuyt tt Ngi ngho Ngi lao ng ngoi tri

Khu v c 3 74 58 2 20 38 0

Cn Sn 48 64 22 16 14 0

B Bao 34 26 12 2 26 0

Phng Qui A 66 58 6 12 20 2

Xp theo ghi nhn cao nht n thp nht (1) Tr em (2) Ngi gi (3) Ngi ngho (4) Ngi khuyt tt (5) Ph n (6) Ngi lao ng ngoi tri

Trao i v mt s kinh nghim ca gia nh lin quan vi vic i ph vi thin tai v ng ph vi bin i kh hu, cc ghi nhn sau c cp nhiu nht trong tt c cc h: 1) Tch tr lng thc (75%) 2) Gia c nh ca (63%) 3) Di tn ni khc khi cn thit (46%) 4) Thng bo cho ngi khc bit (38%) 5) Di c, hng ha ln ni cao (32%) 6) Cht m nhnh cy, dn dp chng ngi vt (21%) 7) Chp nhn v ch i thin tai i qua (18%). iu tra kh nng bit bi ca cc thnh vin trong gia nh (c th t bi t nht 10 mt), hu ht ngi chng v cc con ln bit bi. Ngi v v con nh th km c kh nng bi. Phng Bi Hu Ngha c 60% thnh vin trong gia nh bit bi, t l phn trm cho khu vc Cn Sn, B Bao v Phng Qui A ln lt l 80%, 80% v 90%. Nh vy, t l ngi bit bi trong vng iu tra l cao. Vic chun b vt dng i ph vi thin tai, ng th hng cao l loi nh vt dng tr nc, in thoi, n cc loi, thuyn b (Bng 7). iu ny hp l theo tp qun sinh sng xa nay ca ngi dn vng ng bng sng Cu Long. Ring in thoi y c ngi dn cho bit hu ht l in thoi di ng, chng t s bng n ca phng tin thng tin tr nn qu ph bin n tn vng nng thn. o phao, t cu thng nm cui bng hin din cng tng xng vi kh nng bit bi ca ngi dn nn khng c thi quen mc o phao. Ton b cc h gia nh u tr li l khng c hm tr bo trong nh, iu ny cng ph hp vi s xut hin bo kh him hoi trong vng nn ngi dn khng u t xy dng hm tr bo. Kho st cho thy ch c 14% Khu vc 3 v 8% Cn Sn c tham gia mt s bui hp trin khai Phng chng thin tai c chnh quyn a phng t chc vo u ma ma. Cc thnh vin tham d hu ht l cn b. khu vc Vnh Thnh khng c c nhn no tham d cc lp tng t. iu ny cho thy vic t chc tp hun phng trnh thin tai, bin i kh hu cn hn ch v phi lu . a s ngi dn u c nghe v cnh bo thin tai qua bn tin d bo thi tit c cc phng tin truyn thanh, truyn hnh ph bin. Ngun thng tin mnh nht n t truyn hnh, thng bo ca chnh quyn v radio (Bng 8). Thng tin t bo ch v nghe ngi khc ni c mc nh nhau. nh hng ca Internet v tp hun cn rt t. Ngi dn Bnh Thy c iu kin tip nhn thng tin tt hn
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huyn Vnh Thnh, iu ny cng kh r l vng th ha c s lan ta tin tc d hn vng nng thn su. Trung bnh 20% s tr li l khng nghe g v hin tng bin i kh hu trong tng lai. Cn li u c nghe bit v cnh bo thin tai, ch yu vn t truyn hnh bo ch radio. Khong 50 60% ngi dn trong c hai vng tr li l c lo s v s bt thng v thi tit trong tng lai, cn li l khng lo hoc cha nghe thy nn khng bit. Cc thng tin, tp hun t chnh quyn v cc t chc dn s lin quan n nhim, thin tai, bin i kh hu n ngi cha nhiu v cha lm thay i nhiu v hnh vi ca ngi dn.
Bng 7: Cc vt dng c gia nh chun b i ph vi thin tai (%)

Vt dng o phao Hm tr bo Dy thng Vt dng tr nc Thuyn/ b T cu thng Thang cy in thoi n pin/bnh in Vt dng khc (n cy, du)

Khu vc 3 10 0 14 32 0 20 20 86 74 78

Cn Sn 30 0 36 90 48 12 20 52 52 14

B Bao 14 0 16 80 24 2 20 76 54 36

Phng Qui A 14 0 4 80 30 4 2 48 42 12

Xp theo ghi nhn cao nht n thp nht (1) Vt dng tr nc (2) in thoi (3) n pin/bnh in (5) Vt dng khc (6) Thuyn/ b (7) Dy thng (8) o phao (9) Thang cy (10) T cu thng (11) Hm tr bo

Bng 8: Thng k cc ngun thng tin cnh bo thin tai (%)

Ngun thng tin Bo ch Radio Truyn hnh Chnh quyn Internet Nghe ngi khc ni Tham d tp hun

Khu vc 3 34 32 90 50 2 16 2

Cn Sn 6 22 60 38 0 18 0

B Bao 8 12 78 58 0 10 0

Phng Qui A 0 8 94 20 0 4 0

Xp theo ghi nhn cao nht n thp nht (1) Truyn hnh (2) Chnh quyn (3) Radio (5) Bo ch (6) Nghe ngi khc ni (7) Internet (8) Tham d tp hun

V cc bnh tt lin quan n thi tit, cc bnh thng xut hin cao nht l thi gian giao ma gia ma kh sang ma ma (Thng 4 - thng 6) v ma ma sang ma kh (thng 10, thng 11). Mt s bnh nh vim, cm xut hin vo ma lnh t cui nm n gn Tt m lch (thng 12, thng 1). Cc bnh ghi nhn l cc bnh thng thng nh cm cm, vim hng chim cao nht (75 - 80%), cc dch bnh nh dch t, thng hn him hoi xut hin (15 - 20%). Mt s bnh khc c ngi dn a thm nh ho, huyt p, nht mi, gi yu, Khi c bnh, vi nhng bnh thng thng ngi dn c khuynh hng t n nh thuc ty t mua theo thi quen. Bnh x l s la chn k tip, ngi dn s dng thm khm bnh qua bo him y t nhiu hn n bc s t. Thuc nam t c la chn nht. S chn la ny khng c khc bit nhiu gia khu vc.

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Tp ch Khoa hc 2012:22b 221-230

Trng i hc Cn Th

V chuyn i canh tc, sn xut i ph vi thay i thi tit, kh hu th rt t ngi (6 14% so vi tng s) c xut s chuyn i lch thi v v ging, c bit ch tp trung huyn Vnh Thnh. iu ny cho thy ngi dn vn cha ch ng c cho vic i ph vi bin i kh hu vi sn xut. Nhiu ngi ch i s hng dn ca chnh quyn. lm gim thiu nhim mi trng, 60 -70 % nu kin l cn tng cng khai thng cng rnh, no vt knh mng, x l nc thi, rc thi, hn ch s dng thuc tr su, khng lm nh v sinh trn sng, pht v gio dc mi trng cho ngi dn. Lin quan n cu hi xut lm gim thiu tc hi tht thng ca thi tit, cc kin khng nhiu (10 20%), tp trung vo trng nhiu cy xanh, cung cp nc sch, bo him y t cho ngi dn. Cc ngh thm (20 30%) ch yu vo di di cc khu cng nghip xa ni ca dn, nng cp c s h tng (in, ng, trng, trm), dy ngh, tr vn lm n, gio dc mi trng. 4 KT LUN V KIN NGH Qua iu tra v phn tch cho thy vng iu tra khng chu nhiu nh hng ln ca thin tai, bin ng thi tit nh nhiu vng khc nhng du vt ca s bt thng ca thi tit l c tht v c nh hng t nhiu vi i sng v sn xut ca ngi dn c khc nhau gia cc vng. - i vi vng thnh th: ngi dn hiu bit v bin i kh hu tt hn v ch ng hn trong ng ph vi thi tit bt thng, mc tn thng cng t hn. - i vi vng ven : s hiu bit v thin tai mc va phi v ch ch ng mt phn i vi cc hin tng thi tit bt thng. Tn thng chnh l cho tr em, ngi gi, ngi khuyt tt, ngi ngho. - i vi cc vng su: cuc sng cn thun nng, thng tin v kh hu v thin tai rt t, ngi dn b ng ln v thiu cc chun b cn thit, Kho st ny ch tp trung qun Bnh Thu v huyn Vnh Thnh, do vy c ci nhn tng quan hn cn m rng s nh gi cc vng khc nh vng u ngun l, vng ven sng, vng t c vn (phn, mn, nhim bn,). Nhm nghin cu kin ngh cn t chc thm cc hot ng truyn thng, tp hun, v pht hnh cc ti liu v phng trnh thin tai v ng ph vi bin i kh hu. Cn thit xy dng mt s m hnh ngi dn t ng ph vi thin tai, bin i kh hu lm c s hon chnh v ph bin v chnh quyn a phng sm xy dng chin lc v quy hoch phng chng v ng ph vi bin i kh hu. TI LIU THAM KHO
Joachim Theis and Heather M. Grady, 1991. Participatory Rapid Appraisal for Community Development (Sustainable Agriculture Programme - Rapid Rural Appraisal). International Institute for Environment and Development. L Anh Tun, 2006. Phn tch d n pht trin nng thn. Gio trnh i hc Cn Th. C th truy cp trc tuyn http://www.leanhtuan.com/eBook.html Stanley Gajanayake v Jaya Gajanayake, 1997. Nng cao nng lc cng ng (Phm nh Thi dch thut, Nguyn Th Oanh hiu nh), Nh xut bn Tr TP.HCM.

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