SECOND SEMESTER 2004-05

MTH102N ASSIGNMENT2

*1. Find the signs of the following permutations: ( ) ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 1 , 2 1 4 3 5 ,

1 2 3 4 5 2 3 1 5 4

) .

2. Let n = 2, 3 and let A = [aij ]nn . Find, by denition, the determinant of A. *3. Find, by denition, the determinant of A = [aij ] in each of the following cases: (a) (b) (c) (d) A = In A is a diagonal matrix A is a lower triangular matrix (i.e. aij = 0 for all j > i) A is an upper triangular matrix (i.e. aij = 0 for all j < i)

4. The numbers 1375, 1287, 4191 and 5731 are all divisible by 11. Prove that the determinant of the matrix 1 1 4 5 3 2 1 7 7 8 9 3 5 7 1 1 is also divisible by 11. *5. Find the determinant of 1 2 3 .. n 2 2 3 .. n 3 3 3 .. n 4 4 4 .. n ... ... ... ... ... n n n n n .

6. Let A = [aij ] be an n n matrix and c be a constant. Show that |cA| = cn |A|. What about |A1 |, if A1 exists? = [ aij ] and A = A t . Show that |A | = |A | = *7. For a complex matrix A = [aij ], let A |A| . Therefore if A is Hermitian (that is A = A) then its determinant is real. 8. A real matrix A is said to be orthogonal if AAt = I . Show that if A is orthogonal then |A| = 1. *9. Let A be an invertible square matrix with integer entries. Show that A1 has integer entries if and only if |A| = 1. 10. Let A = [aij ]mn and let P be an m m and Q be an n n matrix. Show that if P and Q are invertible then rank(P A) = rank(A) = rank(AQ). 11. For any matrix A, show that rank(A) = rank(At ). *12. Let A and B be matrices. Show that (a) if A + B is dened then rank(A + B ) rank(A) + rank(B ) (b) if AB is dened then rank(AB ) rank(A) and rank(AB ) rank(B )