Schizophrenia

Vaisnvi Muthoovaloo 102011430

Anamnesis
Apperance Demeanor Speech Grooming, hygiene Motor activity, attitude Rate, volume, organization, clarity, latency, candor

Affect
Mood Thought process Thought content Sensorium Insight Judgement

Range, feelings conveyed

Depression, anxiety, elevation, anger Degree of organization, richness of content Delusions, hallucinations, suicidal thoughts, homicidal thoughts Orientation, memory, attention, abstraction Understanding/appreciation of symptoms and situation Reasonableness of actions and decisions

Anamnesis

Pemeriksaan Fisik

Pemeriksaan Penunjang
CBC Liver function test Urine drug abuse Electrolyte abnormalities Neuropsychological testing

Radiology

Working diagnosis
Schizophrenia

Differential diagnosis
Schizoaffective disorder Bipolar affective disorder Cocaine-related psychiatric disorder

Etiology
Uncertain but several risk factors need to be considered.
Genetics Consideration
1st degree & 2nd degree relative

Environmental
Abnormalities of pregnancy and delivery [2%] Maternal Influenza 2nd trimester [2%] Fetal Malnutrition [2%] Winter & Low Social Class birth [1.1%]

Epidemiology

Types of schizophrenia
Catatonic

 Paranoid Diorganized Undifferentiated

Negative symptoms

Neurocognitive symptoms

Positive symptoms
Clinical manifestations

Mood symptoms

Anti-psychotic medication
Ist generation 2nd generation Dopamine D2 antagonist Chlorpromazine, haloperidol Clozapine most effective but not first line Loxapine inhaled acute agitation

Other medications
antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anxiolytic agents

Complications
Substance abuse
Depression

Anxiety

Violence

Prognosis
20% 20% 20%
Complete recovery

Recurrent acute illness Chronic disease starting acutely Chronic disease starting insidiously Suicide

20%
10-15%