Hng dn t hc PLC CPM1 qua hnh nh

Chng 4: Lp trnh bng s bc thang Ladder Diagram

4. Lp trnh bng s bc thang Ladder Diagram

Cc lnh c bn ca s bc thang (LADDER DIAGRAM)
!

Thnh phn lun lun phi c trong s gi l power bus, l

ni dn ngun in (tng tng) i vo v i ra s

4.1 LD
Lnh LD ni vi power bus tri s khi u 1 network ca s
Ladder Diagram. S ghi ph a trn k hiu lnh l a ch thng s ca
lnh.
00000
LD 00000

4.2 OUT
Lnh OUT ging nh 1 r le chp hnh a ra kt qu logic ca cc
lnh i trc vo 1 tip im (bit) OUTPUT
00000
01000

LD 00000
OUT 01000

chng trnh trn kt qu logic ca lnh LD 00000 (tip im ng m) s

iu khin u ra l tip im 01000.
Khi nhp on chng trnh trn vo PLC, phi m bo ang ch
Program Mode v cui chng trnh phi c lnh END.
LD
00000
OUT 01000
END (01)

FUN

Sau chuyn sang ch Monitor hoc RUN chy. Bt th cng tc

00000 s khin u ra 01000 cng bt sng.
#

chng trnh sau, khi bt cng tc 00000 (cng tc th nht trn b

Training CPM1), u ra CH010.00 s c bt ln ON.
00000
01000

END(01)
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Hng dn t hc PLC CPM1 qua hnh nh

Chng 4: Lp trnh bng s bc thang Ladder Diagram

4.3 AND
Lnh AND s to ra 1 logic ging nh hnh di y :
A
$

B
$

C
-

v d trn, vic ni tip 2 iu kin logic A v B s i hi c A v B

u tc ng (ng) th n C u ra mi sng. Di y l 1 Ladder
Diagram c dng lnh AND.
00000

00001
LD
00000
AND 00001
OUT 01000
END(01)

01000
END(01)

Lc ny, khi bt cng tc CH000.00 ng thi bt cng tc CH000.01

th n u ra Output 010.00 mi sng.
00000

00001
LD
00000
AND 00001
OUT 01000
END(01)

01000
END(01)

4.4 OR
Lnh OR s to ra 1 logic ging nh hnh di y
A
$

$
B

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Hng dn t hc PLC CPM1 qua hnh nh

Chng 4: Lp trnh bng s bc thang Ladder Diagram

v d trn, vic ni song 2 iu kin logic A v B s ch i hi hoc

A hoc B tc ng (ng) th n C u ra s sng. Di y l 1 Ladder
Diagram c dng lnh OR.
00000
01000
00001

LD
00000
OR 00001
OUT 01000
END(01)

END(01)

Lc ny, khi bt cng tc CH000.00 th n u ra Output 010.00 s sng.

00000
01000
00001

LD
00000
OR 00001
OUT 01000
END(01)

END(01)

Hoc khi bt cng tc CH000.01 th n u ra Output 010.00 s sng.

00000
01000
00001

LD
00000
OR 00001
OUT 01000
END(01)

END(01)

Hoc khi bt cng tc CH000.00 ng thi bt cng tc CH000.01 th n

u ra Output 010.00 cng s sng.
00000
01000

00001

END(01)

4.5 AND LD

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LD
00000
OR 00001
OUT 01000
END(01)

Hng dn t hc PLC CPM1 qua hnh nh

Chng 4: Lp trnh bng s bc thang Ladder Diagram

Lnh AND LD c dng xy dng cc khi logic phc tp hn

bng cch ghp chng ni tip vi nhau.
Gi s ta c 1 on chng trnh nh di y, trong u ra 01000
s bt khi u vo 00000 hoc 00001 V 00002 bt.
00002

00000

01000
00001

LD
00000
OR
00001
AND 00002
OUT 01000
END(01)

END(01)

Nu by gi iu kin trn c thm u vo 00003 nh di y :

00000

00002
01000

00001

00003

Vic nhp vo on chng trnh ny i hi phi chia n ra lm 2 khi ni

tip nhau
00000

00002
01000

00001

00003

Sau nhp vo ring r cc lnh cho tng khi v ni 2 khi li vi

nhau bng lnh AND LD
LD
OR

00000
00001
00000

LD
OR

00000
00001

00002
01000

00001

00003

AND LD

4.6 OR LD

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LD
00000
OR 00001
LD
00002
OR 00003
AND LD
END(01)

Hng dn t hc PLC CPM1 qua hnh nh

Chng 4: Lp trnh bng s bc thang Ladder Diagram

Lnh OR LD c dng xy dng cc khi logic bng cch ghp

chng song song vi nhau.
Gi s ta c 1 on chng trnh nh di y, trong u ra 01000
s bt khi u vo 00000 v 00001 hoc 00002 bt.
00000

00001
01000
00002

LD
AND
OR
OUT

00000
00001
00002
01000

Nu by gi iu kin trn c thm u vo 00003 nh di y :

00000
00002

00000

00001
01000

00003

00001
01000

00002

00003

nhp vo on chng trnh ny ta phi chia n ra lm 2 khi con ni

song song vi nhau nh di y :
LD
00000
AND 00001
00000

00001

OR LD

01000

00002

00003

LD
00002
AND 00003

V d kt hp lnh AND LD v OR LD :

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LD
00000
AND 00001
LD
00002
AND 00003
OR
LD
OUT 01000
END(01)

Hng dn t hc PLC CPM1 qua hnh nh

Chng 4: Lp trnh bng s bc thang Ladder Diagram

00000

00001
01000
00002

00003

00004

Trnh t thc hin cng phi chia thnh cc khi con v g ring r tng khi
vo, sau dng lnh AND LD v OR LD nhp cc khi li vi nhau.
LD

00000

00000

00001
00002

OR LD
00003

LD
OR

00001
00002

LD
LD
OR
AND

00000
00001
00002
LD

LD
00003
AND 00004

00004

01000

LD
00000
LD
00001
OR 00002
AND LD
LD
00003
AND 00004
OR
LD
OUT 01000
END(01)

.4.7 AND NOT

Lnh AND NOT to ra 1 tip im thng ng (ngc vi lnh AND)
00000

00001
01000

LD
00000
AND NOT 00001
OUT
01000
END(01)

Khi i lnh AND 00001 thnh AND NOT 00001 nh s trn, u ra

CH010.00 s bt khi CH000.00 l ON v CH000.01 l OFF.

4.8 LD NOT

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Hng dn t hc PLC CPM1 qua hnh nh

Chng 4: Lp trnh bng s bc thang Ladder Diagram

Lnh LD NOT to ra 1 tip im thng ng u ca on mch

(ngc vi lnh LD)
00000

00001
01000

LD NOT
AND
OUT
END(01)

00000
00001
01000

4.9 NETWORK
% 1 Network c to thnh bi cc lnh LOAD, AND, OR v OUT
% Tr phi dng to cc khi logic ni vi nhau bng lnh AND LD
hoc OR LD, lnh LOAD s c dng to 1 Network mi.

00000

00001

00002
00003

01000

00004
01001

00005

Ch th t:

AND
OR

00005
00004

Network I

LD
OR
AND
OUT
LD
Network II
OR
AND
OUT

phi l

OR
AND

00000
00002
00001
01000
00003
00005
00004
01001

00005
00004

4.10 Mch cht (t gi) - LATCHING /SELF HOLDING CIRCUIT

Di y l 1 s Ladder Diagram ca 1 mch t gi rt ph bin
trong lp trnh:
00000

00001
01000

01000

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Hng dn t hc PLC CPM1 qua hnh nh

Chng 4: Lp trnh bng s bc thang Ladder Diagram

Khi bt switch CH000.00, u ra CH010.00 s bt v gi trng thi

ny bt k sau switch 00000 c cn bt hay khng. CH010.00 s b tt
khi switch 00001 bt.

4.11 Cc quy tc chung ca s LADDER DIAGRAM

1) Nu mun u ra lun ON, phi ni u ra ny qua 1 c (Flag) l Bit
25313 (tc Channel 253 Bit 13). Bit ny l 1 c h thng lun lun trng
thi ON.

25313
01000

LD
25313
OUT 01000
END(01)

on mch sau l sai v u ra khng ni qua 1 tip im :

01000

OUT 01000
END(01)

2) C th ni song song nhiu tip im dng lnh OR hoc song song

nhiu u ra dng lnh OUT/OUT NOT v dng bit u vo nhiu ln
00000

00001
01000

00002

00001
01001

00000

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Hng dn t hc PLC CPM1 qua hnh nh

Chng 4: Lp trnh bng s bc thang Ladder Diagram

3) Nu c 2 lnh Output cho cng 1 a ch bit, lnh output trc s khng

c tc dng
00000
01000
00001
01000

LD
00000
OUT 01000
LD
00001
OUT 01000
END(01)

on chng trnh trn c sa li nh sau

00000
01000
00001

LD
00000
OR 00001
OUT 01000
END(01)

4) 1 on mch c th c nhiu lnh OUT ni song song nhau

00001

00000

01000
00002
01001
01002

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LD
00000
AND 00001
OR 00002
OUT 01000
OUT 01001
OUT 01002
END(01)