CONVERSION OF UNITS

MN/m2

- STRESS AND PRESSURE*

Ib/in2

dyn/cm2

kgf/mm2

bar

1.45 x lo2
0.102
10
1
1o - ~
i.45 x 10-5 1.02 x 10-8
10-6
703 x 10-4 6.89 x
6.89 x 1 0 - ~6.89 x 104
1
9.81
1
98.1
9.81 x io7 1.42 x io3
bar
0.10
106
14.48
1
1.02 x 10-2
long ton/in2
15.44
1.54 x lo8 2.24 x 103
1.54
1.54 x l o 2
MN/m2
dyn/cm2
Ib/in2
kgf/mm2

1o7

CONVERSION OF UNITS

long ton/in2
6.48 x lo-*
6.48 x 1 0 - ~
4.46 x 10-4
63.5 x
6.48 x 10-3
1

- ENERGY*

cal

eV

ft Ibf

Btu

107

erg
cal

10-7

4.19

4.19 x 107

eV

0.239
2.39 x

1.60 x 1 0 - l ~1.60 x

Btu

1.06 x 103

ft Ibf

1.36

0.738

6.24 x 10l1 9.48 x 10-11

7.38 x 10-8

2.61 x 1019 3.97 x 1 0 - ~

3.38 x

1.06 x 1O1O
1.36 x

6.24 x 10l8 9.48 x 10-4

io7

2.52 x

lo2

0.324

6.59 x

hP
ft Ibf/s

kW(kJ/s)

erg/s

10-10
1
7.46 x io9
1.36 x io7

10-10
7.46 x 10-1
1.36 x 1 0 - ~

lo2

1.18 x 10-19
7.78 x

8.46 x 10l8 1.29 x 1 0 - ~

CONVERSION OF UNITS

kW(kJ/s)
erg/s

1.52 x

3.09

lo2

- POWER*

ft Ibf/s

hP
1.34
1.34 x 10-lO
1
1.82 x 1 0 - ~

7.38 x lo2
7.38 x 10-8
5.50 x lo2
1

*To convert row unit to column unit, multiply by the number at the
column-row intersection, thus 1 MN/m2 = 10 bar

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS IN SI UNITS

Absolute zero temperature
Acceleration due to gravity, g
Avogadro's number, NA
Base of natural logarithms, e
Boltzmann's constant, k
Faraday's constant k
Gas constant,
Permeability of vacuum, PO
Permittivity of vacuum, EO
Planck's constant, h
Velocity of light in vacuum, c
Volume of perfect gas at STP

-273.2' C
9.807 m/s2
6.022 x
2.718
J/K
1.381 x
9.648 x lo4C/mol
8.314 J/mol/K
H/m
1.257 x
8.854 x 10-I2F/m
6.626 x 10-34 J/S
2.998 x lo8m/s
m3/mol
22.41 x

CONVERSION OF UNITS
1rad
11b~t3

Angle, 8
Density, p
Diffusion coefficient, D
Energy, U
Force, F

57.30'
16.03 kg/m3
1.O x 1 0 - ~
m2/s

1cm3/s
See inside back cover
1 kgf
1 Ibf
1dyne
lft
1inch

Length, 8

9.807 N
4.448 N
1.0x ~ o - ~ N
304.8 mm
25.40 mm
0.1 nm
1000 kg
908 kg
1107 kg
0.454 kg

1A
Mass, M

Power, P
Stress, Q
Specific heat, C p
Stress intensity, Ktc
Surface energy y
Temperature, T
Thermal conductivity a
Volume, V
Viscosity, q

1tonne
1 shortton
1 long ton
1 Ib mass
See inside back cover
See inside back cover
1cal/g'C
Btu/lb' F
1ksifi
1 erg/cm2
1'F
1c a l k cm"C
1 Btu/hft'F
1 Imperial gall
1 US gall
1 poise
1I b f t s

'

4.188 kJ/kg'C
4.187 kJ/kg'C
1. I O MN/m3/2
1mJ/m2
0.556'K
418.8 W/m'C
1.731W/m"C
4.546 x
m3
3.785 x 10-3 m3
0.1N s/m2
0.1517Ns/m2