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Distribution Channel Functions: Manufacturing, Grading, Assembling, and Packaging Possession Can Be Transferred
Distribution Channel Functions: Manufacturing, Grading, Assembling, and Packaging Possession Can Be Transferred
Nature of Physical Distribution The Physical Distribution Objective Order Processing Warehousing Inventory Transportation: ,Railroads ,Trucks ,water, Pipelines ,air Distribution Channel Functions Research gathering information needed for planning and aiding exchange Pro!otion developing and spreading persuasive communications about an offer "ontact finding and communicating with prospective buyers #atching shaping and fitting the offer to the buyer's needs, including such activities as manufacturing, grading, assembling, and packaging Negotiation reaching an agreement on price and other terms of an offer so that ownership or possession can be transferred Physical distribution transporting and storing goods $inancing acquiring and using funds to cover the costs of the channel work Ris% ta%ing assuming the risks of carrying out the channel work Channel Organization
Conventional marketing channel
Manufacturer Manufacturer
!holesaler
Retailer
onsumer onsumer
Retailer
Vertical marketing system
!holesaler Manufacturer
onsumer onsumer