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( 1DX 4$8 J!H A K Yl %F
.*R N%Z  N!
6F #
*/J( ;$8 
0 1

  &#,

6 1 &2 & 2 P*0 10 0* be$V
: Q  6LK 50# $3 1 %$0 *
G %%\ _( V

d

:P*0 Q PA*2 A A6A 6 i3 ' _?!2

:(!F %0 1
AQ

Hd

:(!F U 6

Tw

m w
m a
D2
H

: & 2 i3 #0
:P*0 Q 6nR '( #0
:#8A*2 1( *jS
:P*0 U 6

Nd

:(!F \

D1

:P*0 1
+ *jS

Q 1
 Jr *R # J i8 10 #"*!" 6*
}A6 10 ;L .5 */J( 6 #
e0 . %JI ;%0S
F2 A F1 b*%%d # M  . ;" 662*0 .6 %
 a CH *0
Tc ' A 'Q 10 () A () 5 6 m
.;" 5  .
25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

375

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5
o

Tcon.= 40.0 C

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

-0.1

-0.1

Tcon.= 70.0 o C

-0.2

-0.2

-0.3

-0.3

-0.4

-0.4
25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

375

Mass Flow Rate of Air (Kg/h)

. F1 :2
20

100

125

15 0

1 75

200

22 5

25 0

2 75

300
20

A ns w e r R e g io n
1

15

15

0.75
0 .5
0.25

10

F unc tion F2

Function F1

(W

0
200

202

204
206
M a ss F lo w R ate (K g / h)

208

210

10

-0 . 2 5
-0 .5
-0 . 7 5

Function F2

W net =

116

-1

T c o n. = 4 0 C

-5

-5
A ns w e r R e g io n
T c on .= 7 0 oC

-1 0

- 10

-1 5

-2 0

- 15

100

125

15 0

1 75

200

22 5

25 0

2 75

- 20
300

M as s F lo w R a te o f A ir ( K g /h )

. F2 : 3

B`%M ' Q 1jG *( 'Q 10 C%* 

 10
# M  'A6 Q A B
3# ;" 10  F/] * ! '
b6*H 
Tc  F/] ' !5 0 %06 1DX
P*0 Q 5 g b6*H \ 1  F/] Q 5 g
6  ' !5 0 #*I Q .
3 # ;" 10 ;"
;" 10 N( %06 6 #j%M ' *( 0 * !
* $3 Q 6 i3 }*R '( J+ 6 *R 1 B
3#
`%M ' *( 'Q 10 #8A*2 |F2 6 N%7J
6  .3 10 0* bK" !5 0 .5 # 1L"M
6 %06 #8A*2 |F2 6 Y .# B" &
I

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:6A3 ;" 10 *
Q b6@ 10

117

.....

X =

0 .6218 P

[ ( 2927

P =
1

(P

RH
-P )
a
s

10 - 6
a
+ 4707 X ) ( 273 .15 + T

( 1 + X)P

a1

Y0S 1%G0 CH*0 D1 A Nd be$V 

 Q 1
1!0A $V  A YG! $V s # \
0 1L"M
.N
6

Ta 2 = Ta1 + T2
2 = ( 1+ X ) Pa 106 / ( 2927+ 4707X ) ( 273.15+ Ta )
2

= 1 - 2
C

Hd
5
m a C k0 .64


ma =
M . Fh
 0.515
h a = 1180. m
a
M=

ITD = ITD ov

3 ) g 3 = D1 - 1.77 D2 0
4 ) g 4 = 1.37 D2 - D1 0
5 ) g 5 = D1 - 1.13 ( H - H d ) 0

Tw
2


h w = ( 319 + 5067 Tw ) m
w a MFh
U =
w + a

6 ) g 6 = 0.64 ( H - H d ) - D1 0
0.8
w

m

7 ) g7 = - 3.05 P2 (P - P2 ) g D2 0
D
2

8 ) g8 = 4 m w - 3 w N P dp 2

Q0 = Wa ITD

9 ) g9 =

Q0
Ww

Tw =

h2 = ( 1 m23 )g (H H d/ 2 ) Ptotal = 0
()
:1

(h ) =

H d/2

(h )dh

()

H H d/2

P(h)
RT( h)

w N P d p 4 m w 0
2

()

(s)
:50 # *
Q b6@ 10 U 6 10 0* 'A %S A

m 23

%S  Y5 P*0 'Q"1 %$0 *0 NH '(%S

'A %S &
1 .50# 'A %S  A 'A
b6@ 10 .3 !5 1 50# Tw *%d! 10 0*
A6 
 Q B5# %%+ ( 1DX *
" CH*0 u
*@
.;" 5 1!5 `0A6 Q '1KJV b6@ 10
:[] Q  6LK #H*I 6 'A %S
1 ) g1 = H d - 0.15 H 0
2 ) g 2 = 0.05 H - H d 0

1
)
+ Tw ( 1 Z

Tw = Ta1 + ITD -

"-&.  +- #/

h
P( h) = P2 1 0.00975
T2

T(h) = T2 0.00975h

3/ 5

(t)

P*0 #" ( '( ;L 10 0*    %S 1

0* s %S A [  ]  50# 'Q" WM!" ;$8
#8A*2 1( Q ( C"  PA*2 A ;2 &
g
Q 10
i3 QV ;K*" 10 0*  A  %S A B[  ] 50#
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.;" 5 1!*R *Z 6 1%a *0 *!
Q '6* YH b6@ 10 Tw 10 0* 'A %S
:
3# ;" 10 *
Q `0A6
a
Wa = Cp a m
w
Ww = Cp w m
Ww
Ta =
. T w
Wa

0 1

     23/ !4

4X0 1" Q *( &2  & 2 P*0 ;J%S
h( %506 A ((!F) #6*H '( L BQ" JK

P =
S

760

( 1 - 0 . 0000226

S ) 5 . 25

B
735

(((( T a - 20 ) 0 .9 - 268 ) ( T a - 10 )

1
1
exp

+ 69770 ) T a - 5079000 ) 10

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1388 ,1 ,43 ,

H cw = 4 z + (2.5 M + 1)(E + 1) + P f

()
: 1

H
M = d
5
  & 2 .!" 6 6 ; 6G Pf
Pf = (1.28 + 0.92 M )m

()

.50# t/h CH*0 m w *%2 1j06 6 1

10 _( g0 () *0 () 1j06 N%G 0 ;
$ 6
: 5# v
*\ *
Q b6@
FObj. =

En
Co total/year

()

.50# FObj .* *lH _( v

*\ 
 0 1
oMF Q 1 ;" #X0 $  B_( g0 v
*\ 
 6
;J%S 1L"M 50#J 662*0 # ;S Q #JK
A [] g8* $ %+ {"*0 A 0 ( J+ 10 0*
5 $ %+ N( *
Q 1j06 .3 ;J%S 1L"M '*0 B[]
:;"

()
Co Pump = B m w
#0*V 6I 10 A  |X A B *
G 1
;J%S 1L"M 6 () 1j06 Q *R .
3 ;" 10 
0
: N
6 N%   !" Y
()
Co total = Co ct + Co delta + B m w
1!0A . A B C
*r 10 ~? 1j06 
 1
N%G 1R8 4X0 A 10 6 ;J%S *R H .50#
:;5 N%(2 N% 
Co ct/delta = Co ct + Co delta

Co Pump = Bm w = F (m w )

.;" 5 Y%

 23/ !4
.[]
3# ;" 10 *
Q 1j06 Q P*0 # !0 10 ;J%S
(t)

C ct = 1.0005 Vct C ctc

:[] 5# Q %JX *

Q 1j06 Q 1 50#
2
w

118

(t)

5  `0A6 0 ;J%S %JX A 4X0 6

: 1 5# 1V%! WA 4X0 '*0 A ;"
()
C Pump m w
'( 1DX %S *
G !5 10 #8%!H */
 # \

. K 10 N%# 6 J+ ;%* A 50#J B A

!*R *Z 6 0 A N
*%/0 *Z 6 .3 ;J%S Q #D25
v
*\ *
Q b6@ 10 6 _( g0 A *JK g0
:N%7J#

(H Ht ) Dt2 + DD + 2 +
Vct = 0.5 ct

(Ht Hd )(Dt + Db + 2)

(t)

(t)
H t H d = 0.75(H ct H d )
*
Q 1j06 #8A*2 1( A BRR *jS BDt %0 A
:[];" 6*S*0
DD = 1.05 Dt
(t)
(% 23/ !4
[] g8* `" 5 $ %+ 1j06 {"*0
A 6$/ '(1
+ *J( 10 !F HA Nd Y ;J%S
-# ;" 10 !F U 6 CH*0 *
Q 1j06 Q .3 '(6AF

delta

.[]50# 6e .3 HA 1 

3
= 1 .011 (2198 .3 H d + 947 .1 )N d (tt)

Co pump

 536 23/ !4

:[]N
6 #0*V ' 1j06 b6@ 10
(t)
= 0.02 1.0175 (Co delta + Co ct )

Co

b6@ 10 *(  & 2 P*0 JK ;J%S 1V%! 6

:
3# ;" 10 *
Q
Co total = Co ct + Co delta + Co pump

(ts)

Bi *$0 C
*r A Bn BRA*% %  *JK !*R *Z 6 0 A
.
3# ;" 10 *
Q b6@ 10 1e" '6nR1
*" 1
^(
Cotot/year = (Coct + Codelta + CoPump )

i (i + 1)

(i + 1)n 1

(t)

 3, !4
%F '[* .^% gSA 6 6 *JK 1L"M
*
Q 1j06 0 A N
*%R# *Z 6 6 " &
6 |F2 5
: N% # .%0 #J b6@ 10 6 .3
(Ti )
En = (Ptur(Ti ) Pcooling
) t (Ti )

(t)

Pcooling =

gH cw m w
P
: []N
6B Hcw BJ+ ( '*0

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119

.....

30 m a 300

En

F1obj = m
w

En
F2 obj =
Co ct , delta

H d {10 , 15 , 20 , 25}

50 D1 200
20 D2 100

g0 A 
 'Q" 1 %%0 1] *R ;" * 10 WQe
4( # \ 10 
  5 # *V  1jG &
10 _(

80 H 200
25 d 70
(s)
%5 10 Np A Pc B Pm C"  6G iX! ;$8
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;M@ #"6*0 '*0 .([] A [] Meta_GA N!
6/F)
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&9& & : 2  8)(
;'<& 
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5  . Pm A Pc v!X *
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G A ;"
.;"
0 .2

0.3

0 .4

0.5

0 .6

0. 7

0.8

Eff ect of Pc on Of f-Line Perfo rmance and

Conve rgence V eloc ity for P m =0 .01

0.8

0 .9

0.8

10 *+ 1$L8 !5 ;" 6 0  L Y '( 1

^(
10 18 0 .# #
$ 1jG #/
J( G &J
4( 6 Y 1
^( 8 '( J+ .RQ" bK?I
.
.^% _( g0 A 
 .* 1J
*8 6Z  10
N% # N%G $3 ;L 10 6 (1J
*8) %S G
:# \

F1 fitness = F1Obj. + K 1 F1 penalty

F 2 fitness = F 2 Obj. + K 2 F 2 penalty

()
: 1

F1obj

K1 = F + F

1obj
2 obj
()

F2 obj
K 2 =

F1obj + F2 obj
_( g0 A 0 1 ;FH 
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0
j 1 %$0 1jG &
10 ;
$ 6 N%50 # A6 10 A6
'**0 '*/
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%( 1 i8 1!" &
A %"*
. [s-t]
3 # ;" 10 6

0.7 9

Foff & Convergence Velocity

0 .79

  +(7
   

Conv ergence V elocity

0 .78

0.7 8

0 .77

0.7 7
Fo ff

0 .76

0.7 6

0 .75
0 .2

(s)

0.7 5
0.3

0 .4

0.5

0 .6

0. 7

0.8

0 .9

Pc

.Pm = 0.01 Pc : 4

1*0 *JK 1L"M #"6*0 6Z  10

# M  A  A8) b6S 12*] 1DX '(# M 
1e" #
 b*%%d A ((s Y5) .3 1!
}Q*0
.3 1!
}Q*0 # M  A  A8) .$ @ RA*%
A8 6 ;
$ 6 A  5  1*0 10 ((Y5)
. 5 176 'Q" 1 %$0 
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! ()

A *h( h&h 2 N!h%" 'Qh"1 %$0 ;$8

N!
6h/F {h" *h0 PowerStation .** .0Q 0 1*0
5 1!5( [] A [] )6%\ A A 6%\ & &%![
ih8 1h0 6 h &h%![ N!
6h/F &
1 .3 '*0 .;"
N%hZ  .3 1h0 h0* 'h( 1DX  ;" Q% "*0
.3 *
Q 6 bJ%Z  
 1 5
Pc = 0.8
Pm = 0.01
Population = 80
Generation = 400
(*%d! ;S = 0.001
(s)
: (*%d! b*%%d AM A
30 m w 300

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1388 ,1 ,43 ,

120

:  

0.01





0. 8

0.7

Fo ff & Convergence Velocity

0.1

0. 7

0.6

0. 6

ity

t

0.09

loc



0. 08

Ve



0.07

ce



0.06

en



0. 05

e rg



0.8

t

0.04

nv

t

0.03

Ef fec t of P m o n Of f- Line Pe rfo rm anc e and

Co nve rg ence V elo city fo r P C= 0 .8

Co



0. 02

t

F of




0.5

0. 5

0.4

0. 4

0.3
0.01

0. 02

0.03

0.04

0. 05

0.06

0.07

0. 08

0.09

0. 3
0.1

Pm

.Pc=0.8
&&  (* +()#$%&  3,  P m C& :A  @
.;'<&  "-&.
& :F E9

. : 6

201

30

40

50

60



 

186

'A6A i3 A  F/] '

x.x

186

`%M #H*I '

.x

_____

#H*I # L ;0I6

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y.x

bA/


6 uj" Q ;
" U 6
5 g b6*H

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(  C )  

t

.t

70
201
200



199

199



s.t

198

198





197

197

t

.t

196

196

s

t

195

195

st

s.t

194

194





193

193

192

192

t

.t

191

191

190
189
188

188

187

187

200

PTur. (MW)



186

30

40

50

60



t

190



s.t

189





186
70

Tc ( C)

. : 7

. :3


  

(  C )  !  



t

.









t

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121

.....

200

100

100

400th Generation

0.007

Hour per Year

Fitness 2

0.32

200

0.3

300

0.008

0.28

300

0.008

0.26

400

0.009

0.24

400

0.009

0.22

500

0.2

500

0.18

0.01

0.16

0.01

0.14

600

0.12

600

0.012

0.1

0.011

0.08

0.011

0.06

700

0.04

700

0.02

0.012

40
800

-0.02

10

-0.04

800

20

0.007

Dominated Solution
Non Dominated Solution

0.006

0.006

0.005

0.005

20

30

40

Tamb. (oC)

. : 8

0.32

0.3

0.28

0.26

0.24

0.22

0.2

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

-0.02

10

-0.04

30

Fitness 1

:4

. : 10

0 1  - K
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Fitness 2

0.018

xx

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1st Generation

0.012

0.012

Dominated Solution

0.011

0.011

Non Dominated Solution

0.01

0.01

0.009

0.009

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0.008

0.007

0.007

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

Fitness 1

. :9

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1 - Cross Flow
2 - Counter Flow

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