gpiw kjpAk; FiwkjpAk;

‘thdtpay; fzpg;G’
Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gq;fSk; eilKiwr; rpf;fy;fSk;

njhFg;G:-
M.I.M.nesgu; (fh]pgp)
gpujk fjPg;>
`]Dy; g]up [{k;kh gs;spthay;>
mwf;fpahy>nfFZnfhy;y>
FUehfy.
,yq;if.

ntspaPL:-
jhUy; mju; mj;jmtpa;ah
(kj;`Gfs; rhuhj my;Fu;Md; m];]{d;dh mbg;gilapyhd gpur;rhu mikg;G)
fg;gy; Mypk; tPjp>
fhj;jhd; Fb-02>
,yq;if.

1
 Kd;DiuAk; vd;DiuAk;
vy;yhg;GfOk; ru;t cyf ,ul;rfd; my;yh`;
xUtDf;Nf cupj;jhFk; my;`k;J ypy;yh`;. rhe;jpAk;
rkhjhdKk; rj;jpaj; jpUj;J}ju; rd;khu;f;fg; Nghjfu;
K`k;kj; (]y;) md;dtu;fs; kPJk; md;dhupd; caupa
tho;f;if topKiwfisAk; newpKiwfisAk; mZtZthf
gpd;gw;wp tho;e;j> tho;fpd;w> thog;NghFk; cj;jku;fs; kPJk;
cz;lhtjhf vd gpuhu;j;jpj;j gpd;...
fle;j fhyq;fspy; gpiw xU gpur;ridf;Fupa tplakhf khwptpl;lJ.
ehl;bd; gy ghfq;fspYk; cs;s K];ypk;fs; gpiw fz;ljhf mfpy ,yq;if
[k;,a;aJy; cykh (m.,.[.c.) tpd; gpiwf; FOtpw;Fk; ngupa gs;spthay;
epUthfj;jpdUf;Fk; jfty; njuptpg;gJk; mtu;fSk; VNjNjh fhuzq;fis
my;yJ rhl;Lfis $wp rhl;rpaq;fis epuhfupg;gJk; thbf;ifahfg;
Ngha;tpl;lJ!!.,jdhy; Vw;gLk; Fog;gq;fs; md;dpa rKjhaq;fSf;F
Ntbf;ifahfg; Ngha;tpl;lJ!!!.

,e;epiy fle;j Xupuz;L tUlq;fshf my;y> %z;W ehd;F tUlq;fshf

my;y> Ie;jhW tUlq;fshf jPu;Tfhzg;glhky; xU ‘nkfh njhlu;’ Nghy;
ePz;L nfhz;Nl nry;tij khu;f;fg;gw;Wk; rKjha rpe;jidAk; cs;s
xt;nthU K];ypkhYk; mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ.

,jd; cr;rfl;lk; ,yq;ifapy; fz;l gpiwia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl

KiwNa 2005-11-02>03>04 Mfpa %z;W jpdq;fspYk; ,yq;if tho; K];ypkfs;
ngUehs; nfhz;lhbaij Rl;bf;fhl;l KbAk;.

,j;Ju;g;ghf;fpa epyikf;Ff; fhuzk; gpiwf;FOtpdupd; epahakw;w

mDFKiwjhd; vd kf;fSk;> kf;fs; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gLk; gy; NtW
Nfhl;ghLfSk; mikg;GfSk;jhd; vd gpiwf; FOtpdUk; khwp khwpf;
Fw;wQ;rhl;bf; nfhs;tijAk; vk;khy; mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ.

vdpDk; Nkw;gb Fog;gq;fSf;Fk; FoWgbfSf;Fk; fhuzk; m.,.[.c tpd;

gpiwf; FOtpdUk; ngupa gs;spthapy; epUthfj;jpdUk; gpiwia jPu;khdpf;Fk;
tplaj;jpy; epahakhfTk; cd;ikahfTk; ek;gfj;jd;ikAlDk; ele;J
nfhs;shky; Vfg;gl;l jtWfs;>FsWgbfs;>Raeyr; nraw;ghLfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy;

2
<Lgl;Ls;shu;fs; vd;gij gpiwf; FOtpd; jPu;khdj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L
nraw;gLk; mikg;GfshNyNa tpLf;fg;gl;l mwpf;iffs;> fl;Liufs;> Ngl;bfs;
vd;gd ep&gpf;fpd;wd.

vdNt jk;Kila jtWfs;> gpiofs; vd;gtw;iwf; fise;J KbAkhdtiu

gpsTfSf;F toptFf;fhj tifapy; nraw;gl Ntz;ba jhu;kPfg; nghWg;Gs;s
gpiwf;FOtpdu; vupfpd;w jPapy; vz;iz thu;g;gJ Nghy; NkYk; gpsTfSf;Fk;
rpe;jidr; rpf;fy;fSf;Fk; top tFf;Fk; tifapy; jPu;khdq;fis vLj;jpUg;gJ
fz;L mjpu;r;rpAk; Mr;rupaKk; mile;Njd;.

Mk;> fle;j 05-09-2007 md;W khiy 6:00 Kjy; 6:30 tiu ,yq;if &gth`pdpf;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; ‘I’ miytupirapy; ,lk;ngw;w K];ypk; epfo;r;rpapy; gpiw
njhlu;ghf ,lk; ngw;w fye;Jiuahlypy; m.,.[.c. tpd; gpiwf;FOr;
nrayhsu; nksytp mg;Jy; m]P]; mtu;fs; ‘K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fspd;
fUj;JfisAk; gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; gpiwf;FO fUj;jpw;
nfhs;Sk;’vd;w jPu;khdj;ij gpufldk; nra;jhu;.

mjw;Nfw;whw; Nghy; mjpy; fye;J nfhz;l ,yq;if gpiwf;FO cWg;gpdUk;

‘,];yhkpa gpiw mtjhdpg;G jpl;lj;jpd; (I.C.O.P.) cWg;gpdUkhd nlhf;lu;
Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fSk; 2007 wkohd; jiygpiw njhlu;ghf xU rpy thdpay;
tpsf;fq;fis fzzp cjtpAld; tpsf;fpdhu;.

vdpDk; Nkw;gb ‘K];ypk; thdtpashyu;fspd; fUj;Jfis gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk;

tplaj;jpy; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sy;’ vd;w jPukhdk; gpiw tplaj;jpy; gpsT gl;Ls;s
vkJ rKjhaj;ij xw;Wikia Nehf;fp topelhj;Jkh my;yJ gpsT gl;l
rKjhaj;ij nkd;NkYk; Rf;FE}whfr; rpjwbj;J rpd;dhgpd;dg;gLj;Jkh
vd;gij ehk; rpe;jpf;f> Muha flikg;gl;Ls;Nshk;.

mj;Jld; fhyq;fhykhf ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; gpiw ghu;g;gij khj;jpuk; fUj;jpw;

nfhz;bUe;j gpiwf; FOtpdu; ,g;NghJ mjNdhL Nru;j;J ‘K];ypk;
thdtpayhsu;fspd; thdtpay; fUj;JfisAk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;’
vd;w jPu;khdj;ij vLj;jjw;fhd fhuzpfs;>gpd;ddp> gpd;Gyq;fs; ahit?> ahu;
ahu; ,f;fUj;ij gpNufupj;jhu;fs;? ahu; ahu; MNkhjpj;jhu;fs;? ahu; ahu;
Ml;Nrgid njuptpj;jhu;fs;? ,J njhlu;ghd thjg; gpujp thjq;fs;
vq;Nf>vg;NghJ>vt;thW ,lk; ngw;wd? vd;w tpguq;fs; ,Jtiu kf;fs;
kd;wj;jpy; Kd;itf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gijAk; ehk; ,t;tplj;jpy; ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf my;Fu;Md; m];]{d;dhtpd; mbg;gilapy; jiygpiw

jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thd rh];jpuj;ij mjhtJ thdtpaiy gpuNahfpf;f
KbAkh? my;yJ rhgp, kj;`gpd; mbg;gilapy;jhd; thdtpaiy vLf;f
KbAkh? ,J njhlu;ghf rhgp, kj;`gpd; ‘wh[p`;’ gykhdJk;
cWjpahdJkhd jPu;g;G vd;d? kj;`gpd; mbg;gilapy; thdtpaiy fUj;jpw;
3
nfhs;syhk; vd;why; xU thdtpashsu; mtu; khj;jpuk; thdtpaiy
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s mDkjp cs;sjh?my;yJ gpwUk; mtu; fUj;ij
filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lkh? vd;gd Nghd;w Vuhskhd epahakhd Nfs;tpfSf;Fk;
Mjhuq;fs; mbg;gilapyhd thjq;fSf;Fk; mg;ghy; thdtpay; fUj;Jfs;
,d;W eilKiwapy; cs;s gpiw njhlu;ghd gpur;ridfSf;Fj; jPu;thf
mikAkh? my;yJ nkd;NkYk; Fog;gq;fisAk; gpsTfisAk; mjpfupf;fr;
nra;Akh? vd;gij thdtpay; uPjpahfNt nghJ kf;fSf;Fk; fy;tpkhd;fSf;Fk;
njspTgLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w xNu Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfNt ,r;rpW Ma;it cq;fs;
kj;jpapy; rku;g;gpf;fpd;Nwd;.

mj;Jld; gpiw njhlu;ghf thdtpay; fUj;Jfs; Kd;itf;fg;gLk; NghJ xU

rpy gbj;jtu;fSk; NtW gy ‘gbj;jtu;fs;’ vd jk;ikj;jhNk
fUjpf;nfhs;gtu;fSk; ,J njhlu;ghf ,];yhk; vd;d $Wfpd;wJ vd;gij
rpwpJk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;shky; ‘gpiw ghu;g;gjpy; Vw;gLk; Fog;gq;fis
jtpug;gjw;fhf my;yJ tiuaiwf;Fs; nfhz;LtUjtw;fhf Ntz;b
thdtpaiy ifahz;lhy; ey;yJ jhNd’ vd;W etPd thdtpaypd; ajhu;j;jk;
Gupahky; thjhlj; jiyg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

RUq;ff; $wpd; thdtpay; fUj;Jfs; vkJ gpiw njlu;ghd gpur;ridfSf;Fj;

jPu;thf xUNghJk; mikahJ .khwhf mJ xU jdpg;gpur;ridahf tp];t&gk;
vLj;J gpsTgl;Ls;s rKjhaj;ij nkd;NkYk; rpd;dhgpd;dg;gLj;jp
Rf;FE}whfr; rpjwbf;Fk; vd;w cd;ikia nghJkf;fSf;F njspTgLj;jTk;
rk;ge;jg;gl;ltu;fSf;F mwpTWj;jTNk gpiwkjpAk; FiwkjpAk;
k thdpay;fzpg;G
Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gq;fSk; eilKiwr; rpf;fy;fSk; vDk; ,t;tha;it
ntspapLfpd;Nwd;.

NkYk; ,t;tha;T njhlu;ghf mwpQu;fs;> cykhg; ngUkf;fs;>

Gj;jp[Ptpfs;>nghJkf;fs; Nghd;Nwhupd; Mf;fG+u;tkhd MNyhridfisAk;
MjhuG+u;tkhd tpku;rdq;fisAk; jpwe;j kdJld; tuNtw;fpd;Nwd;.

,g;gbf;F>
M.I.M.nesgu;(fh]pgp)
gpujk fjPg;>
`]Dy; g]up [{k;kh gs;spthay;>
mwf;fpahy>nfFZnfhy;y>
FUehfy.
T.P.0374924985
E-Mail:nowfer78@hotmail.com

4
 thdpay; fzpg;G
Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gq;fSk; eilKiwr; rpf;fy;fSk;
thdtpay; ,d;W thdpy; epfOk; epfo;Tfis kpfj; Jy;ypakhff; fzpf;ff;
$ba mstpw;F xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l xU mwptpayhf tsu;r;rpaile;Js;sJ
vd;gij rfy K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fSk; xUkdjhf Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

vdpDk; ,t;thW tsu;rpaile;Js;s thdtpaiy gpiwia jPu;khdpf;Fk;

tplaj;jpy; fUj;jpw; nfhs;tJ $Lkh my;yJ $lhjh vd;gjpy; K];ypk;
thdtpashsu;fSf;fpilapy; fUj;J Kud;ghL fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,t;thW gpiwjPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdpay; fzpg;ig filg;gpbf;ff; $lhJ

vd;w fUj;ij typAWj;Jgtu;fSs; fyhepjp K`kj; my; [_`dp> my; mkPd;
fCwh Nghd;Nwhiu cjhudkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

kW Gwj;Nj thdpay; fdpg;ig gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s

KbAk; vd;W fUJgtu;fs; mij vt;thW nraw;gLj;JtJ vd;gjpy;
jq;fSf;fpilapy; Nfhl;ghL uPjpahfTk; eilKiw uPjpahfTk; gy;NtW
gpuptpduhfTk; gykhd fUj;J Kud;ghLfis nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;
fhzg;gLfpwhu;fs;.

,t;thW gy $Wfshfg; gpupe;J fhzg;gLk; gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy;

thdtpaiy fUj;jpw; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;w fUj;ij cila K];ypk;
thdtpayhsu;fis –cl; gpupTfis ftdj;jpw; nfhs;shky;- xU
tiuaiwf;Fs; nfhz;Ltu ehk; vj;jdpj;jhy; gpd;tUk; gpuptpdu;fis
gpujhdkhdtu;fshff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

Kjyhk; gpuptpdu;
,tu;fs; xU khjj;jpd; 30k; ehs; mjpfhiy(g[;u;)f;F Kd;G gpiw
gpwe;Jtpl;lhy; me;j mjpfhiyia njhlu;e;J tUk; ehs; mLj;j khjj;jpd;
Kjy; ehshf fUJfpd;wdu;.

cjhudkhf \/ghd; khjj;jpd; 30k; ehs; mjpfhiyf;F Kd;G thdtpay;

uPjpahf gpiw gpwe;J tpl;lhy; md;W mjpfhiy Kjy; K];ypk;fs; Nehd;G
Nehw;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; fUJfpd;wdu;.
,tu;fsJ thjk; ‘thdtpay; uPjpahf gpiw gpwe;J tpl;ljdhy; mJ thdj;jpy;
,Uf;fpd;wJ.,ijNa thdtpay; vDk; mwptpay; gpiw thdj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhf
cWjp nra;fpd;wJ.vdNt thdtpay; uPjpahf gpiw thdj;jpy; ,Ug;gijNa ehk;
fUj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;LNk jtpu jtWfSf;F ,lk;ghlhd ‘ntw;Wf;fz;
ghu;itia’ my;y vd;gjhFk;.,f;fUj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa K];ypk; ehlhd
ypgpah nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
5
rpyupd; ypgpahtpy; ngUehs; nfhz;lhLk; NghJ ru;tNjrg;gpiwapd; mbg;gilapy;
nraw;gLgtu;fs; Vd; ngUehs; nfhz;lhLtjpy;iy? vd;w Nfs;tpf;Fk; ,Jjhd;
gjpyhFk;.

,uz;lhk; gpuptpdu;

,tu;fs; ,];yhk; $Wk; ehspd; Muk;gk; vd;w mk;rj;ijAk; thdpay; fzpg;G

vd;w mk;rj;ijAk; ,idj;J nraw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W fUJgtu;fs;.vdNt
,tu;fsJ thjk; #upa m];jkdj;jpw;F Kd;-xU epkplj;jpw;F Kd;ghf
,Ue;jhYk; rupNa- thdpay; uPjpahf gpiw gpwe;Jtpl;lhy; md;W mjpfhiy
K];ypk;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;f Ntz;Lk;.fhudk; ,];yhkpa ehs; vd;gJ #upa
m];jkdj;jpypUe;Jjhd; (k/upgpy; ,Ue;Jjhd;) Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ vd;gjhFk;.

%d;whk; gpuptpdu;

,tu;fs; ,uz;lhk; gpuptpdiug; NghyNt ,];yhk; $Wk; gpiw ghu;j;jy; vd;w

mk;rj;ijAk; thdpay; fzpg;G vd;w mk;rj;ijAk; ,idj;J nraw;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiyg;ghilf; nfhz;ltu;fs;.

,tu;fs; khjj;ij Muk;gpg;gjw;F gpiw thdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; khj;jpuk;

NghjhJ.mJ ntw;Wf;fz;fshNyh my;yJ njhiyNehf;fpahNyh ghu;f;f
KbAkhd mstpw;F #upa m];jkdj;jpw;F ‘xU Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpw;F’ Kd;dhy;
gpwe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W fUJfpwhu;fs;.

vdpDk; Nkw;gb gpiw ntw;Wf;fz;zhy; ghu;g;gjw;F KbAkhdjhf ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lkh my;yJ njhiy Nehf;fpahy; ghu;f;f KbAkhdjhf ,Ue;jhy;
khj;jpuk; NghJkhdjhFkh vd;gjpy; ,g;gpuptpuUf;fpilapy; fUj;J Kud;ghL
fhzg;gLtJ Nghd;W me;j ‘Fwpg;gpl;l Neuk;’ vt;tsT vd;gjpYk;
jq;fSf;fpilapy; fUj;J Kud;ghLfis nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdu;.

vdNt ,tu;fsJ Kiwfs;>msTNfhy;fs; vd;gitfis gpd;tUkhW

RUf;fpj;jUfpd;Nwd;.

01.gpiw gpwe;J 13 kzp Neuk; flf;Fk; tiu mjidg; ghu;f;f

KbahJ.fhuzk; gpiw ghu;g;gtu; cs;s G+kpapd; miktplk;>mbthdk;>gpiw
MfpaitfSf;fpilapyhd Nfhz ,ilntsp 7°(ghif) ia tpl mjpfkhf
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ij tplTk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ re;jpudpd;
ve;jg;gFjpAk; gpufhrpf;fTk; nra;ahJ. mg;gpiwia ghu;f;fTk; KbahJ.,JNt
thdpayhsu;fs; kj;jpapy; (Donjon Affect) lhd;[d; #j;jpuk; vd;W
mwpag;gLfpwJ.

6
,jd; fhuzkhfNt JUf;fpapd; jiyefu; ,];jd;G+ypy; eilngw;w K];ypk;
thdtpayhsu;fspd; khehl;by; gpiw njd;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;why; ,f;Nfhz
,ilntsp 8°(ghif)ia tplTk; mjpfk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w jPu;khdk;
vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

,ij vy;NyhUf;Fk; GupAk; tpjkhf ,d;Dk; rw;W vspikahf tpsf;FfpNwd;.

re;jpud; Kl;il tbthd ePs;tl;lg; ghijapy; G+kpia Rw;wptUfpd;wJ vd;gij

ehk; mwpNthk;.vdpDk; (xU tpsf;fj;jpw;fhf) mjd; ghijia tl;l
tbtkhdjhf fUj;jpw; nfhz;L xU rhjhud re;jpu khjk; 29.53 ehl;fs; vdf;
nfhz;lhy; re;jpud; 360°(ghif)ia 29.53 ehl;fspy; milfpd;wJ.vdNt ,e;j
msit 24 kzp Neuj;jhy; tFf;Fk; NghJ 708.72 kzj;jpahyaq;fis
ngWfpd;Nwhk;.mjhtJ re;jpud; xU ghif efu;tjw;F 1.96 kzp Neuk;
vLf;fpd;wJ.

vdNt Nkw;gb msit JUf;fp khehl;bd; jPu;khdj;jpd; gb 8°(ghif)ahy;

ngUf;Ffpd;w NghJ gpiwapd; taJ 15.75 kzp Neukhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJ GydhfpwJ.

Nkw;gb msT ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; fhzg;gl;l kpff; Fiwe;j taJila gpiwapd;

msthd 15.4 kzp Neuj;Jld; Xustpw;F xj;JtUfpd;wJ.

02. ntw;Wf;fz;fSf;Fj; njd;gl;l gpiw gw;wpa mwpf;iffspd; gpufhuk;

1871 nrg;lk;gu; 14 Kjy; gpiw fhz;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfspy; Ma;thsu;fs; <Lgl;Lk;
gpiw gpwe;J 15.4 kzp Neuj;jpw;F Kd; ahUk; gpiw fz;ljhf gjpT
nra;ag;gltpy;iy.15.4 kzp Neu taJila gpiwia ghu;j;j NghJ ‘Nfhz
,ilntsp’ ‘9.3°’ (ghif)ahf ,Ue;jJ.mJTk; xspAk; tspAk; khrilahj
nrd;w E}w;whz;bNyNa ,j;jfty; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

Mdhy; ,g;NghJ #oy; khriltpd; fhudkhf ,t;thwhd ,sk; gpiwia

ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; ghu;f;f KbahJ vd;Wk; mz;ikapy; njd;gl;l kpf
,staJg; gpiwapd; ‘Nfhz ,ilntsp’ 10.5°(ghif)ahf fhzg;gl;ljdhy;
mjd; taJ 17 Kjy; 21 kzpj;jpayq;fSf;Fs; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vd Ma;Tfs;
njuptpf;fpd;wd.

mj;Jld; gpiwapd; taJ 17 Kjy; 21 kzpj;jpahyaq;fs; tiu ,Ue;jhy;

me;jg;gpiw fz;bg;ghfj; njd;gl;Nl Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;w mtrpak; fpilahJ
vd;gijAk; thdtpay; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.

NkYk; Nkw;gb ,s taJg;gpiw gw;wpa jfty;fs; ek;gfkhditNah

MjhuG+u;tkhditNah fpilahJ vd;gij ,J njhlu;ghf jPu Ma;T nra;j
K];ypk; thdtpayhsu; fyhepjp fhypj; n\sfj; mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpLtijAk; ehk;
,q;F ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

7
 03. Gjpa gpiw gpwe;jjd; gpd; fle;J nry;Yk; Neuk; ‘gpiwapd; taJ’vd
miof;fg;gLk;.vdpDk; gpiwapd; taij itj;J gpiw njd;gLkh ,y;iyah
vd;gij fzpf;f KbahJ.Vnddpy; re;jpud; G+kpia ePs; tl;lg;ghijapy; Rw;wp
tUtjhy; mjd; efu;T G+kpia mz;kpf;Fk; nghJ NtfkhdjhfTk; G+kpia
tpl;L J}ukhFk; NghJ Ntfk; Fiwe;jjhfTk; fhzg;gLk;.

vdNt re;jpud; G+kpia md;kpj;J Ntfkhf efUk; NghJ 17 kzp Neu

taJg;gpiwiaAk; G+kpia tpl;L J}ukhfp nkJthf efUk; NghJ 23 kzp Neu
taJg;gpiwiaAk; vk;khy; fhzf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

04. gpiw ghu;g;gjpy; gy;NtWgl;l fhuzpfs; jhf;fk; nrYj;Jtjd; fhuzkhf

thdtpayhy;; ntw;Wf;fz;fSf;Nfh my;yJ njiyf;fhl;bfSf;Nfh gpiw
njd;gLtjw;F rhj;jpakhd xU md;dsthd Neuj;ijNa toq;f KbANk jtpu
Jy;ypakhd Neuj;ijNah my;yJ rpy Ma;thsu;fs; thjpl Kw;gLtJ Nghy;
kpfj; Jy;ypakhd Neuj;ijNah toq;f KbahJ.

05. njhiy Nehf;fpahy; ghu;f;fg;gl;l kpf ,staJg; gpiw 13.47 kzp

NeukhfTk; ntw;Wf; fz;fshy; ghu;f;fg;gl;l kp ,staJg; gpiw 15.4 kzp
NeukhfTk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

vdpDk; XusTf;F ek;gfkhd mwpf;iffspd; gpufhuk; njhiy Nehf;fpahy;

ghu;f;fg;gl;l kpf ,staJg; gpiw 15.5 kzp NeukhfTk; ntw;Wf;fz;fshy;
ghu;f;fg;gl;l kpf ,staJg; gpiw 17.2 kzp NeukhfTk; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;ls;sJ.

06. kNyrpahit Nrue;j K];ypk; thdtpayhsu; fyhepjp ,y;ah]; mtu;fs; 17

kzpj;jpayj;ij tpl tajpy; Fiwe;j gpiwia ghu;g;gJ mrhj;jpak; vd;fpwhu;.

07. #upa m];jkdj;jpd; NghJ mbthdj;jpy; ,Ue;J re;jpudpd; cauk;

5°(ghif)ahf my;yJ mij tpl mjpfkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.kpf mupjhd
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; 2°(ghif) Kjy; 5°(ghif) tiu ,Ue;jhy; NghJkhdjhFk;.

08. ‘ngu;tpd;’vDk; thdtpayhsu; Vnjd;]; efupy; 76 jlitfs; gpiwia

mtjhdpj;J gpiwia fzpg;gjw;fhf xU Gjpa tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwia
cUthf;fpAs;shu;.,tu; jdJ Ma;tpy; #upad;>re;jpudpd; njspT Nghd;w
mk;eq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUe;jhu;.

09. tlNkw;F>njd;Nkw;F Neuf; NfhLfs; kw;Wk; thdtpayhsu; ,y;ah];

vd;gtu; Kd;itj;j Neuf; NfhL kw;Wk; ‘eh]h’it Nru;e;j ‘i\gu;’ vd;gtu;
Kd;itj;j Neuf; NfhL vd;gd gy;NtWgl;l Nfhl;ghLfs;>#j;jpuq;fis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gl;litfshFk;.

ehd;fhk; gpuptpdu;
8
,tu;fs; khjj;ij Muk;gpg;gjw;F ,uz;lhk; gpuptpdiug; Nghd;W gpiwahdJ
#upa m];jkdj;jpw;F Kd; -xU epkplj;jpw;F Kd;ghf ,Ue;jhYk; rupNa-
gpwe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W fUJfpd;wdu;.

vdpDk; gpiw thdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; khj;jpuk; NghjhJ.mij rhl;rpfs; fhz

Ntz;Lk; vd;w epge;jidAk; ,tu;fsplk; cs;sJ.
Mdhy; %d;whk; gpuptpduplj;jpy; cs;sJ Nghy; ‘gpiw njd;glf; $ba
rhj;jpakhd Neu msT’,tu;fsplk; fpilahJ.mj;Jld; #upa m];jkdj;jpd;
gpd; gpiw gpwe;jhy; mijf; fhz;gJ thdtpay; uPjpahf mrhj;jpak; vd;w
tifapy; mt;thW epfof; $ba jpdq;fspy; gpiw njd;gl;ljhf nrhy;Yk;
rhl;rpfis ,tu;fs; Vw;f khl;lhu;fs;.

,tu;fsJ thjk; ‘my;yh`;Tila Mw;wy; mstpl KbahjJ.rpy Ntis

my;yh`; rpyUf;F mjpfg;gbahd ghu;it Mw;wiy toq;fpapUf;fyhk;.vdNt
#upa m];jkdj;jpw;F Kd; -xU epkplj;jpw;F Kd;ghfpDk; rupNa-gpiw
gpwe;jpUe;J mij fz;ljhf rhl;rpfs; njuptpj;jhy; ehk; mij Vw;Wf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;’ vd;gjhFk;.

,Nj Ntis ‘#upa m];jkdj;jpd; gpd; gpiw gpwf;Fkhf ,Ue;jhy; mij

fhz;gJ thdpay; uPjpahf mrhj;jpak; vd;w tifapy; md;iwa jpdk; gpiw
fz;ljhf nrhy;gtu;fs; xd;wpy; jtWjyhf NtW vijNah ghu;j;J tpl;L gpiw
ghu;j;jjhf nrhy;fpwhu;fs; my;yJ ngha; nrhy;fpwhu;fs;’ vd;gJk; ,tu;fsJ
epiyg;ghlhFk;.

vdNt ,t;thW K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; gy $Wfshf gpupe;J

fhzg;gLk; nghJ ehk; Vd; tdtpay; fzpg;ig fUj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd
thrfu;fshfpa ePq;fs; thdtpay; thjpfsplk; Nfl;lhy; ‘,];yhj;jpd;
Nghjidg;gb ntw;Wf; fz;fshy; gpiw ghu;f;Fk; NghJ rpy kdpjj; jtWfs;
Vw;gl tha;g;Gz;L.Mdhy; thdpay; fzpg;G Jy;ypakhdJ>jtWfSf;F
mg;ghw;gl;lJ. vdNtjhd; thdpay; fzpg;ig fUj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.’vd;w
gjpiyj; jtpu NtNwhU gjpiyAk; nrhy;y khl;lhu;fs;>nrhy;yTk; KbahJ.

Mdhy; cd;ikapy; thdtpay; thjk; GupNthu; $WtJ Nghy; thdpay; fdpg;G

Jy;ypakhdjh?> jtWfSf;F mg;gw;gl;ljh?? vd;gij K];ypk;
thdtpayhsu;fSf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; fUj;J Kud;ghLfis itj;Nj ePq;fs;
Gupe;jpUg;gPu;fs;. ,ij ,d;Dk; rw;W tpupthf Nehf;FNthk;.

ehk; VyNt $wpaJ Nghy; gpiwia jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdtpay; fzpg;ig

gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vdf; $Wk; K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fs; jq;fsf;fpilNa
gy gpuptpdu;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;whu;fs; vd;gijAk; mtjhdpj;Njhk;.

9
,t;thW gpupe;jtu;fis Xustpw;F Kaw;rp nra;J –cl; gpupTfis ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;shky;- ehd;F ngUk; gpupTfshf xU tiuaiwf;Fs; nfhz;Lte;Njhk;.

vkJ m.,.[.ctpd; gpiwf;FOtpdu; kw;Wk; nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; MfpNahu;

Nkw;gb ehd;F gpuptpdupy; %d;whtJ gpupit rhUthu;fs; vd;gij ,k;%d;whk;
gpuptpdupd; epiyg;gl;ilAk; ‘I’ miy tupir epfo;rpapy; mspf;fg;gl;l
tpsf;fq;fisAk; xg;gpl;L Nehf;fpdhy; thrfu;fshy; vspjpy; Gupe;J nfhs;s
KbAk;.

khj;jpukpd;wp ,e;j %d;whtJ gpuptpdupd; (vkJ gpiwf;FOtpdupd;) thdpay;

fzpg;G njhlu;ghd epiyg;ghL Vida %d;W gpuptpduJk; epiyg;;ghLfSld;
xg;gpLk; NghJ kpf mjpf msT Nfhl;ghL uPjpahd Fog;gq;fisAk; eilKiw
uPjpahd rpf;fy;fisAk; nfhz;bUg;gijAk; ehk; ftdpf;fj; jtwf; $lhJ.

fhuzk; ,g;gpuptpdu;(vkJ gpiwf;FOtpdu;) jq;fsf;fpilapy; fPo; tUk;

mbg;gil mk;rq;fspy; ve;j tifapYk; cld;ghL fhz Kbahj mstpw;F
Kud;gl;Lf; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

01. gpiw gpwf;Fk; Neuk;.

02. #upa m];jkdj;jpd; gpd; gpiw thdpy; ,Uf;Fk; Neuk;.
03. fz;fshy; ghu;f;f KbAkhd gpiwapd; kpff; Fiwe;j taJ.
04. mbthdk;>gpiw> gpiw ghu;gtUf;fpilNa mtrpak; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba
Nfhz ,ilntspapd; msT.

mj;Jld; Nkw;gb gpujhd mk;rq;fspy; $l K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fs; kj;jpapy;

cld;ghL fhz Kbahj fhuzj;jhy; Jy;ypakhff; fzpf;ff; $ba thdtpay;!!
gy jtWfSf;F ,lk;ghlhdjhf khwptpl;lij ehk; czu;e;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.

NkYk; ,t;thW gy jtWfSf;F ,lk;ghlhf khw;wg;gl;l thdtpaYld; -

,tu;fsJ $w;wpd; gb- gy kdpjj;jtWfSf;F rhj;jpakhd ‘ntw;Wf;
fz;fshy; gpiw ghu;j;jy;’ vd;w mk;rj;ijAk; ,tu;fs; ,idj;Jr; nraw;gl
Kidtjhy; ‘Nfhl;ghl;Lj;jtWfSf;F ,lk;ghlhd thdpay; fzpg;G + kdpjj;
jtWfSf;F ,lk;ghlhd ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; gpiw ghu;j;jy; vd;w mk;rk; =
Vuhskhd gy;tifj; jtWfs;’ vd;w mbg;gilapy; vkJ gpiwf; FOtpdu;
filg;gpbf;Fk; thdpay; fzpg;Gf; Nfhl;ghL mwptpay; uPjpahf Vw;f KbahjJk;
eilKiw uPjpahf rpf;fy;fs; epiwe;jJkhFk;.

mt;thNw thdpay; fzpg;G vd;gJ mwpT G+u;tkhdJ!! vd xU thjj;jpw;fhf

ehk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lYk; -K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb- gy kdpjj;
jtWfSf;F ,lk;ghlhd ‘ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; gpiw ghu;j;jy;’ vd;w vd;w
mk;rj;ijAk; thdpay; fzpg;Gld; ,k; %d;whk; gpuptpdu;(gpiwf;FOtpdu;)
,idg;gjhy; thdpay; fUj;ij ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sy; vd;w jPu;khdk; ve;j

10
tifapYk; gadspf;fhJ vd;gJld; ehk; gpiw tplaj;jpy; Vw;fdNt vjpu;
Nehf;Fk; gpur;ridfSf;F ve;j tifapYk; jPu;thf mikahJ vd;gijAk;
thrfu;fs; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

vdNt NkYs;s tplaq;fis njhFj;J Nehf;Fk; NghJ ,k; %d;whk; rhuhupd;

(mjhtJ vkJ gpiwf;FOtpdu; filg;gpbf;Fk;) thdpay; fUj;ij –mJ
jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;s FoWgbfspd; fhudkhfTk; K];ypk;
thdtpayhsu;fNs mjd; mbg;gil mk;rq;fspy; Kud;gl;Lf; fhzg;gLtjhYk;-
K];ypk; r%fk; ve;j tifapYk; Vw;f KbahJ.

Vnddpy; Kud;ghlhd tplaq;fisAk; FoWgbahd mk;rq;fisAk; jd;dfj;Nj

nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU Nfhl;ghl;il jPu;khdkhf vLj;J mij mKy;gLj;j
KidtJ r%fj;jpy; Kud;ghLfisAk; FoWgbfisAk; mjpfupf;fr; nra;ANk
jtpu cld;ghl;il Nehf;fp r%fj;ij xU rhz; $l ,l;Lr; nry;yhJ vd;gJ
nts;spil kiyahFk;.

mLj;J> ‘#upa m];jkdj;jpw;F Kd;G thdtpay; uPjpahf gpiw gpwe;J tpl;lhy;

NghJk;.md;W mjpfhiy K];ypk;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;f Ntz;Lk;. gpiwia ghu;f;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjh my;yJ gpiw njd;glf; $bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gNjh mtrpakpy;iy.’ vdf; $Wk; ,uz;lhk; gpuptpdupd; gf;fk; ,g;NghJ
vkJ ghu;itiaj; jpUg;GNthk;.

,tu;fs; %z;whk; gputpdiug; Nghy; gpiwapd; taJ>Nfhz ,ilntsp Nghd;w

Kud;ghlhd Nfhl;ghLfis filg;gpbf;fhjjd; fhuzkhf thdtpay;
uPjpahfTk; mwptpay; uPjpahfTk; vkJ gpiwf;FOtpdupd; epiyg;ghl;Lld; xg;gpLk;
NghJ XusTf;F kpfTk; rpwe;j fUj;ijNa nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdu;.

vdpDk; khu;f;f uPjpahf ‘fz;L gpbAq;fs;>fz;L tpLq;fs;’ vd;gJ Nghd;w

Mjhuq;fSld; ,tu;fsJ epiyg;ghL NeubahfNt NkhJfpd;wJ vd;gij ehk;
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.(nghJthf thdtpay; fdpg;ig gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk;
tplaj;jpy; fUj;jpw; nfhs;tNj my;Fu;Md;>my;`jP]; Vd; ,[;kh/>fpah];
,d;Dk; Vd; rhgp, kj;`g; vd;gtw;Wld; Neubahf NkhJfpd;wJ vd;gJ NtW
tplakhFk;.)

mj;Jld; thdtpay; uPjpahf ,tu;fsJ epiyg;gl;il Nehf;fpdhYk; $l ‘gpiw

#upa m];jkdj;jpd; Kd; gpwe;Jtpl;lhy; NghJk;.mg; gpiwia ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;Nwh my;yJ mg; gpiw ghu;f;ff; $ba mstpw;F tsu;r;rp mile;jpUf;f
Ntz;Lk; vdN;wh mtrpak; fpilahJ’ vd;w ,g;gpuptpdupd; thjj;jpd; gb #upa
m];jkdj;jpd; gpd; ‘]`u;’ Ntisf;F Kd;G gpiw gpwe;J tpl;lhYk; ,tu;fs;
mijf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; my;yth?!

11
vdNt ,g;gpuptpduJ ‘#upa m];jkdj;jpd; Kd;’ vd;w epiyg;ghL ,tu;fsplk;
fhzg;gLk; Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gk; vd;gij ehk; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

mj;Jld; ,g;gpuptpdu; Kd;itf;Fk; ‘Jy;ypakhd thdpay; fzpg;G’

vd;w thjj;ij Kjypy; ,tu;fNs Jy;ypakhf eilKiwg;gLj;j
Kd;tuNtz;Lk; my;yth?!,J ,tu;fsplk; cs;s eilKiwr; rpf;fyhFk;.

,e;j ,lj;jpy; NkYk; xU cd;ikia ehk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

‘thdpay; fzpg;G mwpT G+u;tkhdJ> Jy;ypakhdJ> vdNt mij ehk; fUj;jpw;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd jtwhf thjk; Gupa Kw;gLgtu;fs; ahuhf ,Ue;jYk;
thdtpay; uPjpahf gpiw gpwe;Jtpl;lhy; gfyhf ,Ue;jhy; cldbahfTk;
,uthf ,Ue;jhy; mjpfhiy KjYk; wkohid Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.,t;thW
nraw;glhjtu;fs; midtUk; gaq;fukhd Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gq;fSf;F
Kfq;nfhLf;f NeupLk; vd;gij ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

cjhudkhf vkJ nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fisNa vLj;Jf;

nfhs;Nthk;.,yq;ifapy; 11k; jpfjpNa thdtpay; uPjpahf wkohd; khjk;
Muk;gpj;J tpl;lJ vd;gij ‘ed;whfTk; Jy;ypakhfTk;’ mwpthu;fs;.vdpDk;
‘ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; gpiw ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk;’ vd;w gy kdpjj;jtWfSf;F
,lk;ghlhd xU tplaj;ij fhuzk; fhl;b wkohd; Muk;gpj;J ,uz;L ehl;fs;
fle;jjd; gpd;Gjhd; Nehd;G Nehw;f Muk;gpj;jhu;fs;.

ghUq;fs;> jtWfSf;F ,lk;ghlhd xU tplaj;jpw;fhf Ntz;b jhd;

ed;whfTk; Jy;ypakhfTk; mwpe;j xU tplaj;ij tpl;LtpLtnjd;why; r%fj;jpy;
mwpQu;fs; vd kjpf;fg;gLNthu; jq;fs; mwpTf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
‘gspr;’ vd;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ my;yth?!!.

ed;whfTk; Jy;ypakhfTk; mwpag;gl;l xU tplaj;Jld; gy jtWfSf;F

rhj;jpakhd tplak; Kud;gLfpd;w NghJ jtWfSf;F ,lk;ghlhd tplaj;ijNa
fUj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ‘mwptpay; Ma;tpd;’ mbg;gil
mk;rj;JlNdNa nghUe;jhJ vd;gij nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; kwe;Jtpl;lhu;fsh???.

,t;thW mwptpay; Ma;tpd; mfuj;Jf;Nf Kudhf KbTfis vLj;J tpl;L mij

,yq;if tho; K];ypk;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd vjpu;ghg;gjpy;
nfhQ;rkhtJ epahak; ,Uf;fpd;wjh vd;gij fyhepjp mtu;fSk; mtu;fsJ
thdpay; fUj;ij rup fhZk; m.,.[.c tpdUk; mijg; gpd;gw;Wk;
[khmj;Jfs;>mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs; MfpNahUk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mj;Jld; xUtu; thdpay; fUj;Jfis ftdj;jpw; nfhs;shky;

ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; gpiw ghu;gijf; nfhz;L Nehd;G>ngUehs;
mD\;lhdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpwhu;.,jd; NghJ mwpahikay; Vw;gLk; jtWfis
my;yh`; kd;dpf;fpd;whd;. Mdhy; kw;WnkhUtu; wkohd; Muk;gpj;J tpl;lJ
vd;gij ed;F mwpe;J nfhz;Nl Nehd;G Nehw;fhky; ,Uf;fpd;whu;. ,tuJ
mwpe;J nfhz;Nl nra;Ak; ghtj;ij my;yh`; jMyh kd;dpg;ghd; vd;gjw;F
12
cj;juthjk; ,Uf;fpd;wjh? vd;gij nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; rw;W
rpe;jpf;Fk; gbAk; jdJ thdtpay; njhlu;ghd epiyg;ghl;il kPs; guprPypid
nra;Ak; gbAk; K];ypk; rNfhjuu; vd;w tifapy; kpfg; gdptd;Gld; Nfl;Lf;
nfhs;fpNwd;.

,e;j ,lj;jpy; ‘gpiwiaf; fz;Nl Nehd;G gpbAq;fs;> gpiwiaf; fz;Nl

Nehd;ig tpLq;fs;’ vd `jP]py; ,lk;ngw;wpUf;fpd;wNj (ghu;f;f ]`P`{y;
G`hup 1773 ),ijAk; ehk; fUj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; my;yth?! vd nlhf;lu;
mtu;fs; epidf;fyhk;.

Nkw;gb topfhl;liy khj;jpuk; ,];yhk; Nehd;G njhlu;ghf

toq;ftpy;iy.khwhf ‘ahu; mk;khjj;ij mlfpd;whNuh mtu; Nehd;G
Nehw;fl;Lk;’ vd;w (2;:185) ,iw trdk; -thdtpaiy ehk; fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sk;
gl;rj;jpy;-thdtpay; uPjpahf wkohd; khjj;ij milgtiuAk; Fwpf;Fk;
my;yth?.

NkYk; Nkw;gb ‘fz;L gpbAq;fs;>fz;L tpLq;fs;’ vd;w topfhl;ly; mf;fhy

#oYf;FupaJ>gy kdpjj;jtWfSf;F ,lk;ghlhdJ vd;nwy;yhk; $wpj;jhNd
‘Jy;ypakhd thdpay; fdpg;ig fUj;jpw; nfhs;sy;’ vd;w epiyg;ghl;bw;F
nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; te;jhu;fs;.
gpd;G kPz;Lk; ‘fz;L gpbAq;fs;>fz;L tpLq;fs;’ vd;W gioa fl;lj;jpw;Nf
,wq;fpr; nry;tJ mwpTlikahFkh? vd;gijAk; nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; rw;W
rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,g;NghJ vkJ gpujhd mk;rj;jpw;F tUNthk;. ehk; rw;W Kd;du; tpsf;fpajd;

gpufhuk; Nfhl;ghl;by; fhzg;gLk; Fog;gj;jpd; fhuzkhfTk; eilKiwapy;
cs;s rpf;fy;fspd; fhuzkhfTk; ,uz;lhk; gpuptpdupd; thdtpay; epiyg;gl;il
Vw;f KbahJ vd;gijf; fz;Nlhk;.

mt;thNw Kjyhk; gpuptpdupd; ‘ ‘g[;u;’mjpfhiyg; nghOJf;F Kd;G gpiw gpwe;J

tpl;lhy; NghJkhdJ’ vd;w epiyg;ghl;ilg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,uz;lhk;
gpuptpdupd; fUj;ij tplTk; EDf;fkhdJk; Jy;ypakhdJk; XusTf;F
thdtpay; uPjpahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj;jf;fjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

vdpDk; ,uz;lhk; gpuptpdupd; epiyg;ghL ‘fz;L gpbAq;fs;>fz;L tpLq;fs;’

vd;w ,];yhj;jpd; NghjidNahL Neubahf NkhJtijg; Nghd;Nw ,e;j
%z;whk; gpuptpduJ epiyg;gLk; Nkw;gb NghjidAld; Neubahf
Kud;gLfpd;wJ.

mj;Jld; mwpT uPjpahfTk; thdtpay; uPjpahfTk; ,tu;fsplk; Nfhl;ghl;Lf;

Fog;gKk; ghupa eilKiwr; rpf;fYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

13
vt;thnwdpy; thdtpayhsu;fsplj;jpy; re;jpu khjk; vd;gJ gpd; tUkhW %z;W
tifahff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

01. ePskhdJ: ,jd; fhy msT 29 ehl;fs; 19 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;

55 epkplq;fs; MFk;.
02. eLj;jukhdJ: ,jd; fhy msT 29 ehl;fs; 12
kzpj;jpahyq;fs; 44 epkplq;fshFk;.
03. FWfpaJ : ,jd; fhy msT 29 ehl;fs; 6
kzpj;jpahyq;fs; 35 epkplq;fshFk;.

Nkw;gb thdtpay; cd;ik egp (]y;) mtufsJ ‘khjk; vd;gJ 29 ehl;fs;

my;yJ 30 ehl;fs;’ (]`P`{y; G`hup 1775) vd;w ek;gfkhd egp
nkhopAld; NeubahfNt Kud;gLtjhy; thdtpaiyAk; ,];yhj;jpd;
NghjidiaAk; ,idf;f Kw;gLk; thdtpayhsu;fs; vt;thW eilKiwr;
rpf;fy;fis vjpu; Nehf;Ffpwhu;fs; vd;gij ftdpAq;fs;.

khj Kbtpd; NghJ gfypNyh ,utpNyh ve;j Neuj;jpYk;>ve;j tpdhbapYk;

KiwNa #upad;>re;jpud;>G+kp Mfpad Neu;Nfhl;by; xd;Wgl (xUq;fikT
Vw;gl) tha;g;Gs;sJ.

cjhudkhf ,yq;ifapy; fhiy VO kzpf;F xUq;fikT Vw;gl;L thdtpay;

uPjpahf gpiw gpwe;J tpl;lhy; wkohd; khjk; Muk;gpj;J tpl;lJ vd;w
mbg;gilapy; K];ypk;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;f Ntz;Lk;.,t;thW Nehd;G Nehw;Fk;
NghJ khjk; ‘FWfpajhf’ ,Ue;jhy; ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; 29 ehl;fs; 6
kzpj;jpahyq;fs; 35 epkplq;fSf;Fg; gpd; wkohd; khjj;ij Kbf;f
Ntz;Lk;.vdNt ,e;j tifapy; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ ,yq;ifapy; K];ypk;fs; 27
G+ud ehl;fisAk; 2 miuFiw ehl;fisAk; wkohd; khjkhff;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdu;. ,J egp(]y;) mtu;fspd; ‘khjk; vd;gJ 29 ehl;fs;
my;yJ 30 ehl;fs;’ vd;w NghjidAld; Kud;gLfpd;wjy;yth?!

rpy Ntis Nkw;gb Neu msit fpl;ba #upa m];jkdj;JlNdh my;yJ ‘g[;u;’
mjpfhiy NtisAlNdh ,idj;J khjj;ij 29 my;yJ 30 ehl;fshFk;
tifapy; Vd; kl;le;jl;lf; $lhJ vd thrfu;fs; rpe;jpf;fyhk;.

,f; Nfs;tpia eilKiw uPjpahf Nehf;fpdhy; ,yq;ifapy; fhiy VO

kzpf;F thdpay; uPjpahf wkohd; gpiw gpwe;JtpLfpd;wnjd;why; Fwpj;j md;W
‘g[;u;’ mjpfhiyapypUe;Nj Nehd;G Nehw;gJk; \t;thy; khjk; khiy 4 kzpf;F
Muk;gkhfpdhy; me;j ehis wkohdhf G+u;j;jp nra;J tpl;L mLj;j ehspy;
ngUehs; nfhz;lhLtJkhFk;.

,t;thW ehk; kl;le;jl;Lk; NghJ ve;j ehis Fiwj;J kl;le; jl;LtJ ve;j
ehis $l;b kl;le;jl;LtJ vd;w Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gKk; ve;j Neuj;ij
msT Nfhyhff; nfhz;L kl;le;jl;LtJ vd;w eilKiwr; rpf;fYk; Vw;gLk;
vd;gij ehk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
14
,t;thNw ehd;fhk; gpuptpdupd; ‘gpiw thdj;jpy; ,Ug;gJk; mij fz;ljhf
rhl;rpfs; njuptpg;gJk; NghJkhdjhFk;. gpiwapd; taijNah mJ njhlu;ghd
Nfhz ,ilntspiaNah ehk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sj; Njitapy;iy’ vd;w
fUj;Jk; ju;f;f uPjpahf XusTf;F Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj;jf;fjhf ,Ue;jhYk;
,e;epiyg;ghLk; Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gj;jpypUe;Jk; eilKiwr; rpf;fypypUe;Jk;
tpjp tpyf;Fg; ngwtpy;iy.
vt;thnwdpy; ‘gpiw gpwe;J tpl;lJ’ vd;w thdtpay; cd;ikia Vw;Wf;
nfhs;Sk; ,tu;fs; thdpy; cs;s gpiw gpufhrpg;gjw;F xU Fwpj;j taijAk;
Nfhz ,ilntspAk; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w thdpay; cd;ikia
vt;thW kWf;f KbAk;??.

vdNt ,d;W fhzg;gLk; K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fspd; gpiwia fzpg;gJ

njhlu;ghd thdtpay; Nfhl;ghLfs; midj;Jk; xU tifapy; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sj;jf;fjhf ,Ue;jhYk; gy tiffspy; kWf;fj; jf;fitfshfTk;
cs;sd vd;gJld; thdpay; fzpg;G Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gq;fisAk; eilKiwr;
rpf;fy;fisAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ ahuhYk; kiwf;fNth
kWf;fNth Kbahj ‘mwptpay; cd;ikahFk;’ vd;gij ,yq;if tho;
K];ypk;fs; midtUk; ed;F Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.mJNt ,e;j Ma;tpd;
Nehf;fKk; MFk;.

vdNt ty;y my;yh`; ek; midtUf;Fk; rj;jpaj;ij rj;jpakhf fhl;b

mjidg; gpd;gw;Wk; ghf;fpaj;ijAk; mrj;jpaj;ij mrj;jpakhff; fhl;b mjid
jtpu;j;J elf;Fk; ghf;fpaj;ijAk;
vd;Wk; je;jUs;thdhf vd;w gpuhu;;jidAld; Kbf;fpd;Nwd;.
ed;wp>
t];]yhk;.

15
 ‘I’miytupir epfo;rpAk; rpy Iaq;fSk;
ehk; VyNt $wpaJ Nghy; fle;j 05-09-2007 Gjd; fpoik khiy 6:00 kzp Kjy;
6:30 kzp tiu ,lk;ngw;w K];ypk; epfo;rpapy; gpiwia jPu;khdpj;jy; njlu;ghf
fye;Jiuahly; xd;W ,lk;ngw;wJ.

mjpy; epfo;rpj; njFg;ghsu; cl;gl m.,.[.c tpd; gpiwf;FO nrayhsu;

nksytp mg;Jy; m]P]; mtu;fSk; ,];yhkpa gpiw mtjhdpg;G jpl;lj;jpd;
(I.C.O.P.) cWg;gpdUk; ,yq;if gpiwf;FO cWg;gpdUkhd nlhf;lu; Mfpy;
m`;kj; mtu;fSk; fye;J nfhz;ldu;.

epfo;rpj;njhFg;ghsu; Nfs;tpfis ,U mjpjpfsplKk; khwp khwp Nfl;f ,UtUk;

gjpy; $Wk; tpjkhf mike;jpUe;j me;epfo;rpapd; Kf;fpa mk;rq;fis gpd;
tUkhW njhFj;Jf; $wyhk;.

nksytp mg;Jy; m]P]; mtu;fshy; njUtpf;fg;gl;l fUj;Jfs;.

01.2006 k; Mz;by; vLf;fg;gl;l jPu;khdj;jpd; gb gpiwf;FOtpdu; ‘K];ypk;

thdtpashsu;fspd; fUj;Jfis gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; fUj;jpw;
nfhs;sy;’.

02.rpW rpW mikg;Gfs;> FOf;fSld; Nru;e;J Nehd;G kw;Wk; ngUehs;

,ghjj;Jfis epiwNtw;whky; gpiwf;Fotpd; jPu;khdj;ij rfy ,yq;if tho;
K];ypk;fSk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.

03.gpiw ghu;j;jjhf rhl;rp nrhy;gtu;fs; gpiwf;FOtpdup;d KbitNa

,Wjpahdjhf Vw;f Ntz;Lk;.Vidatu;fSf;F jfty; nrhy;yp Fog;gj;ij
Vw;gLj;jf; $lhJ.
16
nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fshy;
shy njUtpf;fg;gl;l fUj;Jfs;
fs;.

01. ,yq;ifapy; wkohd; jiygpiw 12-09-2007 md;Wjhd; njd;gLtjw;fhd

rhj;jpak; cs;sJ.mjpYk; aho;g;ghdk;>kd;dhu; Nghd;w tlNky; gFjpfspy;
ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; gpiwia ghu;f;f KbahJ. vdpDk; njhiyNehf;fp Nghd;w
fUtpfspd; cjtpAld; khj;jpuk;jhd; ghu;f;f KbAk;.
Mdhy; nfhOk;G>fhyp Nghd;w njd;gFjpfspy; ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; gpiwia
ghu;f;f KbAk;.

02. rCjp mNugpahtpy; thdpay; mbg;gilapNyNa gpiwia

jPu;khdpf;fpd;whu;fs;!!!!.

03. 12k; jpfjp khiy gpiw njd;glhtpbd; 13k; jpfjpia ]/ghd; khjj;NjhL
Nru;j;J khjj;ij 30 ehl;fshf G+u;j;jp nra;J tpl;L 14k; jpfjpNa wkohid
Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Vnddpy; gpiwia ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wjhd; ,];yhk; nrhy;fpd;wNj
jtpu gpiw thdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; khj;jpuk; NghJk; vd ,];yhk;
nrhy;ytpy;iy.

‘I’ miytupir epfo;rpapd; Nkw;gb fUj;Jfs; tpil fhdg;glNtz;ba gpd;

tUk; Nfs;tpfisAk; Iaq;fisAk; vk;kj;jpapy; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sd.

01. 2006 k; Mz;by; vLf;fg;gl;ljhff; $wg;gLk; ‘gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk;

tplaj;jpy; K];ypk; thdtpayhsupd; fUj;Jfis Vw;wy;’ vd;w
jPu;khdk; 2006 wkohDf;F Kd;G vLf;fg;gl;ljh my;yJ gpd;G
vLf;fg;gl;ljh?

Kd;G vLf;fg;gl;lJ vd;why; thdpay; mbg;gilapy;jhd; Gj;jsk; `p[;wh

efupy;(,uz;lhk; fl;il) fz;l gpiw epuhfupf;fg;gl;ljh?
mt;thnwdpy; `[; ngUehs; jpdj;ij Vw;fdNt xU jpfjpapYk; gpd;G NtnwhU
jpfjpapYk; mwptpj;jjw;fhd fhudk; vd;d? Jy; `[; gpiwia jPu;khdpf;Fk;
tplaj;jpy; ‘K];ypk; thdtpayhsupd; fUj;Jfis’ ftdj;jpw; nfhz;ljhy;
Vw;gl;l jLkhw;wkh my;yJ thdtpay; fUj;Jfis ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;shjjdhy; Vw;gl;l jLkhw;wkh?
thdtpay; fUj;Jfis vLj;jjd; fhuzkhf Vw;gl;l jLkhw;wk; vd;why;
thdtpay; vkJ gpiw njhlu;ghd gpur;ridf;F jPu;thf mikatpy;iy vd;gJk;
thdtpaiy filg;gpbf;Fk; NghJ Fog;gq;fSk; eilKiwr; rpf;fy;fSk;
Vw;gLk; vd;gJk; cd;ik jhNd?

,y;iy Jy;`[; gpiwia jPu;khdpf;Fk; NghJ thdtpaiy fUj;jpw;

nfhs;stpy;iy vd;why; ePq;fs; vLj;j jPu;khdj;ij ePq;fNs filg;gpbf;fhky;
tpl;lJ Vd;?
17
my;yJ gpiwf;FOtpdUf;F rhjfkhf mikAk; NghJ thdtpaiy fUj;jpw;
nfhs;fpwhu;fs; vd;gJk; mtu;fSf;F ghjfkhf mikAk; NghJ mij
iftpLfpwhu;fs; vd;gJk;jhd; ajhu;jkh?

rhjhudkhf gj;J ehl;fSf;F Kd;Ng jPu;khdpf;f Ntz;ba `[; ngUehs;

jpdj;ijNa FsWgbfs; ,d;wp jPu;khdpf;f Kbahj gpiwf;FOtpduhy; cupa
Neuj;jpy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba Nehd;Gg; ngUehis rupahf jPu;khdpg;ghu;fs;
vd nghJ kf;fs; vjpu;ghu;g;gJ epahae;jhdh?

,y;iy 2006 wkohDf;Fg; gpd;Gjhd; ‘thdtpaiy fUj;jpw;nfhs;sy;’ vd;w

jPu;khdj;ij vLj;jhu;fs; vd;why; 2005 NgUtiy kw;Wk; mf;fiug;gw;W
gpiwfis ‘Nja;gpiw mjpfhiyapy; njd;gl;l md;W khiy tsu;gpiw
njd;glhJ’vd;gJ Nghd;w thdtpay; fhudq;fis fhl;b njhlu;r;rpahf
,uz;L ehl;fs; gpiw fz;l rhl;rpfis epuhfupj;jJ Vd;?

2006 k; Mz;L wkohDf;F gpd;Gjhd; ‘thdtpaiy fUj;jpw;nfhs;sy;’ vd;w

jPu;khdj;ij vLj;jhu;fs; vd;why; mjw;F Kd;G xU NghJk; gpiwf;FOtpdu;
gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdtpaiy gad;gLj;jNt ,y;iy vd
mtu;fshy; cWjp nra;aKbAkh?

mt;thwhapd; gpiwf;FO cWg;gpdu; nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; ,];yhkpa

gpiw mtjhdpg;G jpl;lj;jpd; (I.C.O.P) ,idaj;jsj;jpw;F 2006-10-22 wkohdpy;
toq;fpa fPo; tUk; mwpf;ifapd; mu;j;jk;jhd; vd;d?

http://www.icoproject.org
ICOP Visibility of Shawwal Crescent 1427 AH.htm

Sri Lanka: ICOP member Dr. Aqil Ahmad Sharifuddeen said: "The Authority to
deal in the matter of starting the Islamic Month with authenticated naked eye
sighting in Sri Lanka gathered in Colombo Grand mosque today Ramadan 29. This
traditionally official body requested the Sri Lankan to look for the Shawwal Hillal
today ( 22/10/2006 – Sunday). They were waiting after finishing Magrib prayers
for any claim of naked eye sighting of Shawwal Hillal. They were well aware
that moon remains only for 2 min. after sunset in Colombo. They received no
claim until 8pm LT. The sky was cloudy all over the island and the climate was
unsuitable for a faint thin crescent to be sighted if any. The official gathering
was terminated as announcing "no Hillal was sighted today, Ramadan will end as
30 days and Eidul Fithr will be on Tuesday 24 th."

http://www.icoproject.org

18
ICOP Visibility of Shawwal Crescent 1427 AH.htm
gpiw nfhkpl;b njhlu;ghf (ru;tNjr),];yhkpa gpiw mtjhdpg;G jpl;lj;jpd;
cWg;gpdu; nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; Nkw;gb epUtdj;jpw;F toq;fpa
thf;F %yk;.
,yq;if: ICOP cWg;gpdu; nlhf;lu;.Mfpy; m`;kj; ]uPGj;jPd; mtu;fs; gpd;
tUkhW $Wfpwhu;fs;.
,yq;ifapy; ntw;Wf; fz;fshy; gpiw ghu;g;gijf; nfhz;L ,];yhkpa
khjj;jpd; Muk;gj;ij jPu;khdpg;gij ifahOk; mjpfhu rig wkohd; 29 tJ
jpdkhd ,d;W nfhOk;G ngupa gs;spthapypy; xd;W $bdhu;fs;.NkYk;
cj;jpNaf G+u;t mikg;G toik Nghd;;W ,d;W (2006-10-22 QapW) ]t;thy;
jiygpiw njd;gLfpd;wjh vd ghu;f;Fk; gb ,yq;if tho; kf;fis Ntz;bf;
nfhz;;ldu;. mtu;fs; k/upg; njhOifia Kbj;J tpl;L gpiw ghu;j;j jfty;
tUfpd;wjh vd fhj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. NkYk; nfhOk;gpy; #upa m];jkdj;jpd;
gpd;du; gpiw 2 epkplq;fs; khj;jpuk;jhd; thdj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; vd mtu;fs;
ed;F mwpe;jpUe;jdu;. ,uT 8:00 kzp tiu gpiw njd;gl;ljhf ve;j xU
jftiyAk; mtu;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,yq;if KOtJk; thdk;
Nkf%l;lkhff; fhzg;gl;lJld; nky;ypa gpiwia fhz;gjw;F fhyepiyAk;
nghUj;jkhdjhf mike;jpUf;ftpy;iy.vdNt Nkw;gb cj;jpNahf G+u;t
xd;W$ly; “”,d;W gpiw njd;gltpy;iy>vdNt wkohd; 30 tJ ehsf
KbTw;W ngUehs; 24 k; jpfjp nrt;tha;f; fpoik nfhz;lhlg;gLk;” vd;w
mwptpj;jYld; KbTw;wJ.

vdNt Nkw;gb thf;F %yj;jpd; gpufhuk; ‘nfhOk;gpy; #upa m];jkdj;jpd; gpd;

,uz;L epkplq;fs; khj;jpuk;jhd; gpiw thdpy; ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij
ed;fwpe;jpUe;j gpiwf;FOtpdu; ,uz;L epkplk; 15 tpdhbfspy; gpiw
njd;gl;ljhf gy rhl;rpfs; jfty; njuptpj;jpUe;jhy; mij Vw;Wf;
nfhz;bUg;ghu;fsh? khl;lhu;fsh?
Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUg;Nghk; vd mtu;fs; rhjpj;jhy; thdpayhsu;fspd;
‘Jy;ypakhd fzpg;G’ vDk; thjk; vd;dhtJ?

mj;Jld; ‘thdtpaiy fUj;jpw; nfhs;sy;’vd jPu;khdpj;j gpiwf;FOtpdu;

mij tplTk; ,d;Dk; xU gb fPo; ,wq;fp ‘thdpiy’(fhyepiy)iaAk;
fUj;jpw; nfhz;L ‘,yq;if KOtJk; thdk; Nkf%l;lkhf fhdg;gl;lJ’
vd;gij fhuzk; fhl;b rhjhudkhf ,t;tUlk; Nghd;W 9:00>9:30 tiu
$bapUf;Fk; gpiwf;FOtpdu; Fwpj;j jpdj;jpy; 8:00 kzpAld; fiye;J
nrd;Wtpl;L Gj;jsk; `p[;wh efupy; gpiw fz;l rhl;rpfs; jfty; njuptpj;j
NghJ ‘nfsd;lu; FNsh];l;’ vd gjpy; nrhd;dJ epahak;jhdh?

Nkw;gb Iaq;fSf;Fk; Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; gjpy; nrhy;y Ntz;ba nghWg;Gk;

flikg;ghLk; gpiwf;FOr; nrayhsu; nksytp mg;Jy; m]P]; mtu;fisNa
rhUk;!.

19
,jpy; rpy Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpy; nrhd;dhYk; gy Nfs;tpfSf;F-Kud;ghlhd
gjpy;fisNa md;wp- gjpy; nrhy;y khl;lhu;fs;> gjpy; nrhy;yTk; KbahJ
vd;gij ,t;tplj;jpy; ehk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

mj;Jld; ‘thdpiy’(fhy epiy)ia gpiw ghu;f;Fk; tplaj;jpy; ftdj;jpw;

nfhs;tJ mwpTlikahfhJ vd;gij ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ngupjhf tpsf;f Ntz;ba
mtrpak; fpilahJ.

fhudk; ‘Cth khfhdj;jpy; gyj;j fhw;Wld; $ba kio nga;Ak;’ vd;W

thdpiy mwpf;if nrhd;dhy; md;iwa jpdk; nfhOj;Jk; ntapypy; kf;fs;
jq;fsJ fUthL>ney;> kpsfha; Nghd;w cdTg; nghUl;fis
ntspapy;>tPjpfspy; itj;J cyu;JtijAk; ‘fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fspy;
tul;rpahd fhyepiy epyTk;’ vd;W tspkz;lytpay; mwpf;if njuptpj;jhy;
md;iwf;nfd;W vd;iwf;Fkpy;yhj gyj;j kio nga;tijAk; xt;nthU
gbj;j>ghku K];ypKk; ed;fwpe;J itj;Js;sdu;.

vdNt Fwpj;j (2006-10-22)jpdj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd; ve;j khfhdj;jpYk;>ve;j

khtl;lj;jpYk;>ve;j khefupYk;> ve;jf; fpuhkj;jpYk;> ve;jf; Ff;fpuhkj;jpYk;
thdk; njspthff; fhzg;glhky; Nkf%l;lkhf fhzg;gl;lJ vd;gij
my;yh`; xUtdhy; khj;jpuk;jhd; $w KbAk; vd;wpUf;f ,ijf; fhudk;
fhl;b 8:00 kzpAld; ‘gpiw njd;gltpy;iy’ vd mwptpj;J Gj;jsk; `p[;wh
efu; gpiwia epuhfupj;jJ epahae;jhdh vd;gij gpiwf;FOtpd; jPu;khdj;jpd;
mbg;gilapy; Nehd;G Nehw;Fk;>ngUehs; nfhz;lhLk; xt;nthU K];ypKk;
rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba tplakhFk;.

xUNtis thdtpayhsu;fs; $Wfpd;w ‘Jy;ypakhd fzpg;G’ vd;gJ ,t;thW

nghj;jhk; nghJthf KbTfl;Ltijj;jhd; Fwpf;fpd;wNjh!!!! (my;yh`;Nt
ed;fwpthd;)

K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;
• ‘K]; yhsufspd; fUj;Jfis gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy;
fUj;jpw; nfhs;sy;’ vd;w gpiwf; FOtpd; jPu;khdk; mwptpaYf;F
khw;wkhfTk; njsptpy;yhky; %lyhf ,Ug;gijAk; ehk; ,q;F ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

Vnddpy; thdtpaypd; Njhw;wkhfl;Lk; my;yJ mjd; tsu;r;rpahfl;Lk; my;yJ

–rpy thdtpayhsu;fs; nrhy;tJ Nghd;W- ,d;iwa mjd; Kjpu;r;rpahfl;Lk;
,it midj;jpYk; K];ypk; thdtpashsu;fspd; gq;fspg;G K];ypk; my;yhj
thdtpayhsu;fspd; gq;fspg;NghL xg;gpLk; NghJ FiwthdNj.

mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf ,d;iwa etPd thdtpaiy vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; xU rpy

tpuy; tpl;L vz;zf;$ba K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fisj; jtpu Vida K];ypk;

20
my;yhj mwpQu;fs;jhd; ,j;Jiwapy; Kd;NdhbfshfTk; ty;Yeu;fshfTk;
jpfo;fpd;wdu;.

vdNt ‘K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fs;’ vd gpiwf;FOtpdu; NtWgLj;jpapUg;gJ

thdtpaiy ,tu;fs; mwpTG+u;tkhf mDftpy;iy vd;gijf; fhl;LtJld;
K];ypk;fspd; ek;gpf;ifia ntd;nwLg;gjw;fhfNt K];ypk; vd;w tiuaiwia
gad;gLj;Jfpd;whu;fNs my;yhky; cd;ikapNa K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fspd;
fUj;Jfis khj;jpuk;jhd; ePq;fs; gpiwia jPu;khdpf;Fk; nghJ ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;fpd;wPu;fs; vd;gJ my;y.

,ij xU vspa ju;fj;jpd; %yk; tpsf;fyhk; vd epidf;fpd;Nwd;. A vd;gtu;

B vd;gtiu rhu;e;jpUf;fpd;whu;. B vd;gtNuh C vd;gtiu rhu;e;jpUf;fpdwhu;.
,g;NghJ A vd;gtu; ehd; B vd;gtiuNa rhue;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vdf; $w
KbAkh? epr;rakhf ,y;iy.

mNj Nghd;Wjhd; A vDk; gpiwf;FOtpdu; B vDk; nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj;

Nghd;w K];yk; Ma;thsu;fis rhu;e;jpUf;f B vDk; K];ypk; Ma;thsu;fNsh C
vDk; K];ypk; my;yhj mwpQu;fspd; Ma;Tfs;>mwpf;iffs;> mtjhdpg;Gfs;
vd;gtw;iwr; rhu;e;jpUf;fpd;whu;fs;.
epyik ,t;thwpUf;f A vDk; gpiwf; FOtpdu; B vDk; ‘K];ypk;
thdtpayhsu;fspd; fUj;Jfisj;jhd;’ rhu;e;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W thjpl
KbAkh? ve;j tifapYk; KbahJ.

,e;j ,lj;jpy; thrfu;fshfpa ePq;fs; ‘nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; jdJ

thdpay; tpsf;fj;jpy; K];ypk; my;yhj mwpQu;fis rhu;e;jpUe;jhuh? vd
Nfs;tp vOg;Gtij vd;dhy; cdu Kbfpd;wJ.

,f; Nfs;tpf;fhd gjpy; nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; toq;fpa tpsf;fj;jpNyNa

,Uf;fpd;wJ.nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; Nkw;gb epfo;rpapy; gpiw kw;Wk; mbthdk; kw;Wk;
gpiw ghu;gtu; G+kpapYs;s ,lk; MfpaitfSf;fpilNaahd Nfhz ,ilntsp
Fiwe;jJ 9.2° Mf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.,t;tplak; K];ypk;
my;yhj thdpay; mwpQuhd Danjon vd;gtuhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l
#j;jpukhFk;.

khj;jpukpd;wp nlhf;lu; mtu;fshy; ,yq;ifapy; gpiw ghu;g;gjw;fhd rhj;jpak;

gw;wp tpsf;Ftjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l> nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; cWg;gpduhf cs;s
,];yhkpa gpiw mtjhdpg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpdhy; (I.C.O.P) ‘gpiwia kpfj;Jy;ypakhf
fdpf;ff;$bait vd gupe;Jiu nra;ag;gl;l %z;W nkd;nghUl;fspy; xd;whd
Accurate Times vDk; nkd;nghUis cUthf;fpatu;fSs; Dr. Bernard
yallop,kw;Wk; Mr. jean Meeus vd;Nghu; K];ypk; my;yhj mwpQu;fNs!

21
vdNt ehk; Vw;fdNt $wpaJ Nghy; gpiwf; FOtpdupd; jPu;g;G Nky;
tUlhtUlk; ek;gpf;if ,oe;J tUk; ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; ed; kjpg;igAk;
ek;gpf;ifiaAk; jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w xNu
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfj;jhd; ‘K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;’ vd gpiwf;FOtpdu; tiuaiw
nra;Js;shu;fNs md;wp cd;ikAk; vjhu;j;jKk; mt;thwy;y vd;gij
gpiwf;FOtpd; jPu;khdj;jpd; gb nraw;gLk; xt;nthU K];ypk; Mz; kfDk;
ngz;kzpAk; njupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j ,lj;jpy; ‘`jP];fspy; gpiw fz;lij njuptpf;Fk; rhl;rpfs;

K];ypk;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w epge;jid cs;sNj> me;j mbg;gilapy;
gpiw njhlu;ghf fUj;Jf; $Wk; thdtpayhsUk; K];ypkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd xU NgDjYf;fhf Ntz;b jPu;khdpj;Js;shu;fNsh’ vd rpy
cykhf;fSf;Fk; nghJkf;fSf;Fk; re;Njfk; Njhd;wyhk;.

,J xU epahakw;w re;NjfkhFk;.Vnddpy; gz;lh vd;gtUk; fe;jrhkp

vd;gtUk; gpiw fz;ljhf mg;Ju; u`;khd; vd;gtUk; mg;Ju; u`Pk; vd;gtUk;
jfty; njuptpj;jhy; mij xUNghJk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj gpiwf; FOtpdu;
K];ypk; my;yhjtu;fspd; Ma;Tfs;>mwpf;iffs;>mtjhdpg;Gfs; vd;gtw;iw
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fs; fUj;Jf; $Wk; NghJ
khj;jpuk; vt;thW Vw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;??.

vdNt thdpay; fzpg;ig gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; filg;gpbf;f Kw;gLk;

NghJ ,t;thwhd Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gq;fSk; eilKiwr; rpf;fy;fSk; Vw;gLk;
vd;gJ ,jd; %yk; njspthfpd;wJ.

kl;Lkd;wp `jP];fspy; ‘K];ypk; rhl;rpfs;’ vd;W kl;Lk; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy.khwhf

ePjkhd (ek;gfkhd) K];ypk; rhl;rpfs; vdTk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. vdNt
gpiwf;FOtpdu; gpiw fz;ljhf rhl;rp nrhy;y Kd;tUk; K];ypk;fspd; ePjk;
(ek;gfj;jd;ik) vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf ifahSk; msT Nfhy;
vd;d vd;gij nghJthfTk; K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fspd; ePjj;ij
mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhd msT Nfhy; vd;d vd;gij Fwpg;ghfTk; njspT gLj;j
Ntz;ba nghWg;G gpiwf;FOitNa rhUk;.

02. ‘rpW rpW mikg;Gfs;> FOf;fSld; Nru;e;J Nehd;G kw;Wk; ngUehs;

,ghjj;Jfis epiwNtw;whky; gpiwf;FOtpd; jPu;khdj;ij rfy
,yq;if tho; K];ypk;fSk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;’vd ,yq;if tho;
K];ypk;fis Ntz;bf; nfhs;tjw;Fupa jhu;kPf cupik gpiwf;FOtpw;F
,Uf;fpd;wjh ,y;iyah vd;gij fle;j Ie;jhW tUlfhy eilKiw
vkf;F tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

gj;J ehl;fSf;F Kd;G jPu;khdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba fle;j `[; ngUehisNa

jPu;khdpg;gjpy; Vw;gl;l jLkhw;wk; cupa Neuj;jpy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba
Nehd;Gg; ngUehis gpiwf;FOtpdu; vt;thW jPu;khdpf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;gij
K];ypk; r%fj;jpw;F mk;gyg;gLj;jptpl;lJ.
22
mt;thNw fle;j Nehd;Gg; ngUehspd;NghJ Gj;jsk; `p[;wh efu; gpiwia
,tu;fs; ‘nfsd;lu; FNsh];l;’ vdf;$wp epuhfupj;jjd; fhudkhf Gj;jsk;
kw;Wk; mDuhjGuk; Nghd;w gFjpfspy; fhyhfhykhf gpiwf;FOtpdupd;
jPu;khdj;ijNa Vw;Wte;j rpy K];ypk; Cu;fs; ,tu;fsJ jPu;khdj;ij
J}f;fpnawpe;J tpl;L ngUehs; nfhz;lhbaijAk; Gj;jsk; khtl;l [.c.tpd;
epu;thf cWg;gpdu;fspy; rpyu; ngUehs; nfhz;lhbAk; rpyu; ngUehSk; ,d;wp
Nehd;Gk; ,d;wp eLepiy!!! ahf ,Ue;jhu;fs; vd;gJk; Cuwpe;j
cd;ikay;yth?.

vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf 2005 Nehd;Gg;ngUehs; gpiwf;FOtpdupd; jg;Gk;

jtWkhd jPu;khdq;fSf;F xU rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ.

2005-11-01 md;W NgUtisapy; fz;l gpiwia gpiwf;FOtpdu; kWj;Jtpl;ljd;

fhudkhf rpy Cu;fspy; 02k; jpfjp ngUehs; nfhz;lhbaJk; njhlu;e;J 02k;
jpfjp mf;fiug;gw;wpy; njd;gl;l gpiwiaAk; ePq;fs; epuhfupj;J tpl 03k; jpfjp
,yq;ifapd; gy ghfq;fspYk; ngUehs; nfhz;lhbaJk; 03k; jpfjp ehl;bd;
gy ghfq;fspYk; njd;gl;l gpiwia gpiwf;FOtpdu; mq;fPfupj;jjhy;
Vidatu;fs; 04k; jpfjp ngUehs; nfhz;lhbaJk; ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd;
tuyhw;wpy; frg;ghd gf;fq;fshFk;.

,jpy; m.,.[.ctpd; cau;kl;l cWg;gpdu;fs;>Vd; gpiwf;FO cWg;gpdu;fspy;

rpyu; $l gpiwf;FOtpd; jPu;khdj;ij cjhrpj;js;sptpl;L 03k; jpfjpNa
ngUehs; nfhz;lhbaijAk; ,q;F ntl;fj;ij tpl;L NtjidAld; epidT$u
Ntz;Lk;.

vdNt fle;j fhyq;fspy; rKjhag; gpsTfSf;F toptFf;Fk; tifapy;

nraw;gl;l gpiwf;FOtpdUf;F>epfo;fhyj;jpy; ‘thdpay; fUj;ij fUj;jpw;
nfhs;sy;’ vd;gJ Nghd;w jPu;khdq;fis vLj;J r%fg; gpsTfSf;F
nkd;NkYk; tpj;jpLk; tifapy; nraw;gLk; gpiwf;FOtpdUf;F ,yq;if tho;
K];ypk;fis jq;fsJ jPu;khdj;ij filg;gpbf;Fk; gb Nfl;Lf; nfhs;tjw;F
ve;jtpj jhu;kPf cupikAk; fpilahJ vd;gij K];ypk; r%fk; cdu;e;J
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

rpy Ntis ehd; rw;W kpifg;gLj;jp vOJtjhf thrfu;fSf;Fj; njd;glyhk;.

ehd; $WtJ kpifay;y cd;ik vd;gij ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; cdu;e;J
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;why; fle;j Ie;jhW tUlq;fshf wkohd; khjj;ijj;
njhlu;e;J ntspte;j jpdrupg; gj;jpupiffs;>rQ;rpiffs;> thu kw;Wk; khj
,jo;fs; vd;gitfis NrfupAq;fs;.

Fwpg;ghf gpiwf;FOtpd; jPu;khdj;jpd; gbNa md;Wk; ,d;Wk; nraw;gLk;

mikg;Gfspd; ntspaPLfshd my;`]dhj;> cd;ik cjak;>kPs;
ghu;it>,];yhkpa rpe;jid vd;gitfis Nrfupj;J mitfspy; gpiw
njhlu;ghf gpuRukhfp ,Uf;Fk; fl;Liufs;> mwpf;iffs;>nrt;tpfs; vd;gtw;iw

23
eLepiyNahL thrpj;jPu;fs; vd;why; ehd; nrhy;tJ kpifay;y mg;gl;lkhd
cd;ik vd;gij ePq;fs; ed;F Gupe;J nfhs;tPu;fs;.

03. ‘gpiw ghu;j;jjhf rhl;rp nrhy;gtu;fs; gpiwf;FOtpdup;d KbitNa

,Wjpahdjhf Vw;f Ntz;Lk;.Vidatu;fSf;F jfty; nrhy;yp
Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $lhJ’ vd ePq;fs; njuptpj;jjd; ku;kk;
vd;d?
Nkw;gb gpiwf;FOtpdupd; $w;wpd; kWtbtk; ‘kf;fs; gpiw njd;gl;ljhf rhl;rp
nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.ehq;fs; mjid thdtpay;>tsp kz;lytpay; me;j ,ay;
,e;j ,ay; vd fhuzk; fhl;b kWj;J tpl;lhy; vkJ kWg;ig gpiw
fz;ltu;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mikjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. thdtpay; kw;Wk;
tsp kz;lytpay; fhuzq;fis vLf;fhJ ,U K];ypk;fspd; rhl;rpaj;ij
Vw;Wf; nfhz;L Nehd;G Nehw;Fk; kw;Wk; ngUehs; nfhz;lhLk; Vida
K];ypk;fSf;F jfty; njuptpf;ff; $lhJ’vd;gJjhNd.

gpiw fz;ltu;fs; -,];yhj;jpd; Nghjidg;gb-mij gpw K];ypk;fSf;F

njuptpg;gJ Fog;gk; vd;why; mjw;Ff; fhudkhf mikAk; thdpay; fzpg;G
Fog;gj;jpd; nkhj;j cUtk; ,y;iyah??

Nkw;gb gpiwf;FO nrayhsupd; $w;W gpiw fz;ltu;fSil rhl;rpaj;ij

Vw;gjw;F gpiwf;FO rpy msTNfhy;fis itj;jpUf;fpd;wJ vd;gij njspT
gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

vdNt me;j ‘msTNfhy;fs;’vit vd ePq;fs; kf;fs; kd;wj;jpy; gfpuq;fkhf

mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.mg;nghJjhd; ,Nj msTNfhy;fs; gpiwf;FOtpdu; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;Sk; rhl;rpfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gij Vidatu;fshy; Gupe;J
nfhz;L gpiwf;FOtpdupd; jPu;khdj;ij ek;gpf;ifAld; Vw;W nraw;gl KbAk;.

khwhf gpiwf;FOtpdu; jq;fSila msTNfhy;fis gfpuq;fg;gLj;jhj NghJ

‘gpiwf;FOtpdu; jhq;fs; tpUk;Gfpd;w NghJ rhl;rpfis Vw;W tpUk;Gfpw NghJ
rhl;rpfis kWf;fpd;whu;fNsh vd;w –cq;fs; fle;j fhy nraw;ghLfshy;
Vw;gl;l- re;Njfk; xt;nthU K];ypKila cs;sj;jpYk; njhlu;e;Jk; ,Ue;J
nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

vdNt NkYs;s Nfs;tpfs;>re;Njfq;fs;>Iag;ghLfSf;F gpiwf;FO nrayhsu;

nksytp mg;Jy; m]P]; mtu;fs; kpfj; njspthd gjpy;fis toq;fp
gpiwf;FOtpd; jPu;khdj;jpd; kPJ ,yq;if tho; K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; cs;s
nfhQ;r eQ;r ek;gpf;ifiaahtJ jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;gNj
midtuJk; mththFk;.

,dp ‘I’ miytupir epfo;rpapy; nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fshy;

tpsf;fg;gl;l thdpay; fUj;Jfspd; gf;fk; vkJ ghu;itiaj; jpUg;GNthk;.

24
01. ,yq;ifapy; wkohd; jiygpiw 12-09-2007 md;Wjhd; njd;gLtjw;fhd
rhj;jpak; cs;sJ.mjpYk; aho;g;ghdk;>kd;dhu; Nghd;w tlNky; gFjpfspy;
ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; ghu;f;f KbahJ. vdpDk; njhiyNehf;fp Nghd;w fUtpfspd;
cjtpAld; khj;jpuk;jhd; ghu;f;f KbAk;.

Mdhy; nfhOk;G>fhyp Nghd;w njd;gFjpfspy; ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; gpiwiw

ghu;f;f KbAk; vd fPOs;s tiu glj;ij itj;J nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj;
mtu;fs; mofhf! tpsf;fpdhu;fs;.

,g;NghJ K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; cs;s Nfs;tpfs; vd;dntd;why;

njhiyNehf;fpahy; khj;jpuk;jhd; gpiwia ghu;f;f KbAk; vd nlhf;lu; mtu;fs;
tiuaiw nra;j tl gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J gpiw njd;gl;ljhf xU CNu
jpuz;Lte;J rhl;rp nrhy;Yk; NghJ mij Vw;f Ntz;Lk; vd
gpiwf;FOtpdUf;F gupe;Jiu nra;thu;fsh? my;yJ Vw;ff; $lhJ vd
gupe;Jiu nra;;thu;fsh?.

thdpayhsu; vd;w mbg;gilapy; Vw;ff;$lhJ vd;Wjhd; gupe;Jiu nra;thu;fs;

vd itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;.,Nj thdpayhsu;fspd; ‘Jy;ypakhd fdpg;G’ vd;w
mbg;gilapy; xU Jy;ypakhd Nfs;tpia Nfl;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;.

25
Nkw;gb ‘ntw;Wf;fz;fshy; gpiw ghu;f;f KbAkhd gFjp’> ‘njhiyNehf;fpahy;
khj;jpuk; ghu;f;f KbAkhd gFjp’ vd;w gpuptpidf; NfhL(tiuGf; NfhL)Fwpj;j
xU K];ypk; Ciu ClWj;Jr; nry;fpd;w NghJ me;j Cupy; ,Ue;J tUk;
gpiw fz;ljw;fhd rhl;rpaq;fis nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;thu;fsh?
kWj;J tpLthu;fsh?

,f; Nfs;tpf;F thdtpay; uPjpahfNth my;yJ mwptpay; uPjpahfNt gjpy;

nrhy;tJ rw;W rpukk; vd;gij ehq;fs; mwpNthk;.

,ij ,d;Dk; rw;W Jy;ypakhf Nehf;fpdhy; ,g;gpuptpidf; NfhL

(tiuGf;NfhL) xU Fwpj;j tPl;ilNah my;yJ K];ypikNah ClWj;Jr;
nry;Yk; NghJ tPl;bd; jiy thrypy; fz;l gpiwia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
nfhy;iyg; Gwj;jpy; fz;l gpiwia kWj;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; xU
K];ypkpd; tyJ fz; ‘ntw;Wf; fz; gFjp’apYk; ,lJ fz; ‘njhiyNehf;fp
gFjp’apYk; ,Ue;jhy; me;j rhl;rpia Vw;gjh? tpLtjh? my;yJ miur;
rhl;rpahf fUj;jpw; nfhs;tjh vd;gJ Nghd;w Vuhskhd Nfhs;tpfSf;F
fyhepjp mtu;fshy; thdtpay; uPjpahfTk; gjpy; nrhy;y KbahJ>mwptpay;
uPjpahfTk; gjpy; nrhy;y KbahJ.

vdNt ,t;thwhd rpe;jidr; rpf;fy;fSf;F nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; thdpay; fzpg;G

vd;W ngau; #l;Ltjhy; ntWk; Fog;gKk; FsWgbAk; jhd; jiytpupj;jhLNk
jtpu vkJ r%fk; xU rhNzZk; xw;Wikia Nehf;fp efuhJ vd;gij
nlhf;lu; mtu;fSk; tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;. gpiwf;FOtpd; jPu;khdj;ij Vw;W
nraw;gLk; midtUk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

,Nj Nghd;Wjhd; 12-09-2007 md;W nfhOk;gpy; #upa m];jkdj;jpd; gpd;G gpiw

thdj;jpy; Fwpj;j xU rpy epkplq;fs; khj;jpuk;jhd; njd;gLk; vd
Fwpg;gpl;Bu;fs;. Fwpj;j epkplj;jpw;F xU epkplk; jhkjpj;J xU CNu rhl;rp
nrhd;dhy; Vw;gPu;fsh? kWg;gPu;fsh?vd;gJ Nghd;w tpdhf;fSf;F tpil
fhdg;gl Ntz;baJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

,it vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf ‘ntw;Wf;fz; gFjp’apNyNa gpiw njd;gl;L

tpl;lJ vd itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;.mg;gpiw ntw;Wf;fz; gFjp K];ypk;fSf;F
khj;jpuk; cupajh? my;yJ njhiy Nehf;fp gFjpapy; cs;s K];ypk;fSf;Fk;
nry;YgbahFkh vd;w Nfs;tpf;F nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; gpiwf;FO cWg;gpdu; vd;w
uPjpay; my;yhky; xU Ma;thsu; vd;w uPjpapy; gjpy; nrhy;y KbAkh?.

Vnddpy; gpiwf;FO cWg;gpdu; vd;w uPjpapy; gjpy; nrhy;Yk; nghJ

rhjhudkhf ‘njiyff;fhl;b gFjpf;Fs; ,Ug;gtu;fSk; ,yq;iff;Fs;!!
,Ug;gjhy; vLf;f KbAk; vd rpy Ntis gjpy; nrhy;yp tplyhk;.

Mdhy; xU Ma;thsuhf gjpy; nrhy;Yk; NghJ ntw;Wf;fz; gFjpapy; njd;gl;l

gpiwia njhiyf;fhl;b gFjpapy; cs;s K];ypk;fSk; Vw;f Ntz;Lk; vd
26
nlhf;lu; mtu;fshy; gjpy; nrhy;y KbahJ.fyhepjp mtu;fshy; khj;jpuky;y
NtW ve;j Ma;thsuhYk; mt;thW gjpy; nrhy;y KbahJ vd;gij vk;ik tpl
nlhf;lu; mtu;fNs ed;fwpthu;fs;.

fhudk; ntw;Wf;fz; gFjpapy; njd;gl;l gpiwia ntw;Wf;fz; gFjpay; cs;s

K];ypk;fs; midtUk;-ehl;Lf;F ehL NtWghLfis fle;J- mKy; gLj;JtJk;
njhiyf;fhl;b gFjpapy; cs;stu;fs; jkJ gFjpay; ntw;Wf;fz;fSf;F gpiw
njd;gLk; mLj;j ehspy; my;yJ gpiw njd;gLtjw;F rhj;jpak; cs;s mLj;j
ehspy; Nehd;G Nehw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; thdtpaYk; mwptpaYk; MFk;.

Vd; ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy; cs;ehl;Lg;gpiwia fUj;jpw; nfhs;tJ $l

thdpay; mbg;gilapy; xU gpioahd fhupak;jhd;. fhuzk; –my;yh`;tpd;
Vw;ghl;by;- 29 ehl;fisf; nfhz;ljhf \/ghDk; wkohDk; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
Nkf%l;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf \/ghid ehk; 30; ehl;fshf G+u;j;jpnra;J tpl;Nlhk;
vd;why; wkohd; 28 ,NyNa -2005 ,y; eilngw;wJ Nghy; -\t;thy; jiygpiw
njd;gl;L tpLk;.

Nkw;gb ‘thdtpay; cd;ikia’ K];ypk; thdtpayhsUk; gpiw ghu;f;Fk;

kdpjUkhd fyhepjp fhypj; n\sfj; mtu;fs; gpd;tUkhW jdJ
Moonsighting.com vd;w ,idaj;jsj;jpy; F.A.Q vd;w gFjpapy; Nfs;tp ,y:6.6
,y; njspTgLj;jp cs;shu;fs;.

6.6 Question: Is it true that if we rely on local moonsighting, then a month

may end up in 28 days? If yes, then does that not prove that local
moonsighting is not the best solution?

Answer: Yes, it is true that if we rely on local moonsighting, then a month may
end up in 28 days. Here is the reason why. If two months successively are such
that they both are destined to have 29 days [by the decree of Allah (swt)], and in
the first month clouds make the visible moon invisible, and we count 30 days to
start the month. In the second month moon will be visible on 28th day, intead of
29th. This is also in line with the Ittihadul-Matale' concept of Imam Abu-
Hanifah's fiqhi opinion.

Nfs;tp: ‘ehk; cs;ehl;Lg; gpiw mbg;gilapy; Nehd;G Nehw;why; khjk; 28

ehl;fSld; Kbe;Jtplyhk;’ vd;W $wg;gLtJ cd;ikjhdh?Mk; vdpy; ,J
cs;ehl;Lg;gpiw mbg;gilapy; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ (gpiwg; gpur;ridf;F)rpwe;j
jPu;T my;y vd;gjw;F Mjhukhfhjh?

gjpy;:Mk;> ehk; cs;ehl;Lg; gpiw mbg;gilapy; Nehd;G Nehw;why; khjk; 28

ehl;fSld; Kbe;Jtplyhk;’ vd;W $wg;gLtJ cd;ikjhd;.fhuzk;
vd;dntd;why; njhlu;e;J ,U khjq;fs; 29 ehl;fshf(my;yh`;tpd;
27
Vw;ghl;bd; gb),Ue;J Nkf%l;lj;jpd; fhudkhf Kjy; khjj;ij 30 Mf ehk;
fzf;fpl;lhy; ,uz;lhk; khjj;jpd; gpiw 29k; ehspy; njuptjw;F gjpyhf 28k;
ehspNyNa njd;gl;LtpLk;.,t;tplak; ,khk; mG+`dPgh(u`;) mtu;fspd;
ru;tNjrg;gpiw vd;w Nfhl;ghl;Lld; xj;JtUfpd;wJ.

vdNt ‘K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fspd; fUj;Jfis gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy;

fUj;jpw; nfhs;sy;’ vd jPu;khdk; vLj;j m.,.[.ctpd; gpiwf;FOtpdu; kw;Wk;
ngupa gs;spthapy; epu;thfj;jpdu; kw;Wk; ,tu;fsJ jPu;khdj;ijNa
Ntjthf;fhff; nfhz;L nraw;gLk; [khmj;Jfs;>mikg;Gfs;>nghJkf;fs;
kw;Wk; thdpay; thjk; NgRk; fy;tpkhd;fs;>Gj;jp[Ptpfs; midtUk; Nkw;gb
K];ypk; thdtpaysuhd fyhepjp fhypj; n\sfj; mtu;fsJ ‘ehl;Lf;F ehL
gpiw ghu;g;gJ nghUj;jky;y’vDk; ‘thdpay; cd;ik’ia mKy; gLj;j
Kd;tUthu;fsh?
my;yJ fyhepjp fhypj; n\sfj; mtu;fs; xU thdtpayhsu; my;y vd;W
$wg;Nghfpwhu;fsh?my;yJ mtu; xU K];ypk; my;y vd;Wjhd;
$wptplg;Nghfpwhu;fsh?

my;yJ gpiwf;FOtpdu; jq;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; NghJ thdpay; fUj;Jfis

vLg;gijAk; ghjfkhd re;ju;g;gj;jpy; thdtpay; fUj;Jfis tpl;L tpLtijAk;
mjw;Nfw;whw; Nghy; Ma;thsu;fs; xj;J}JtijAk; Vidatu;fs;
fz;%bj;jdkhf gpd;gdw;w Ntz;Lk; vd gpiwf;FOtpdu; vjpu;ghu;f;fpwhu;fsh?
my;yJ fz;Lk; fhdhkYk; nksdpahf ,Ue;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd
tpUk;Gfpwhu;fsh?

mr;r%l;b vr;rupf;if nra;tJ my;y`;tpd; J}ju;(]y;)

mtu;fspd; thupRfshd cykhf;fspd; Njhs;fs; Nky; Rkj;jg;gl;l ghupa
nghWg;G vd;gjhy; mr;r%l;Lfpd;Nwhk;!! vr;rupf;if nra;fpd;Nwhk;!!!
gpiwf;FOtpdNu! xd;wpy; ePq;fs; cq;fs; jPu;khdj;ij KOikahf mKy;gLj;jp
‘ehl;Lf;F ehL gpiw’ vd;w tl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNa thUq;fs;> my;yJ
,t;thwhd Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gq;fSk; eilKiwr; rpf;fy;fSk; epiwe;j
thdtpay; fzpg;ig Kw;WKOjhff; iftpl;L fhyhfhykhf eilKiwapy;
,Ue;j ‘ntw;Wf;fz;zhy; gpiw ghu;j;jy;’ vd;gij khj;jpuk; mKy;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,y;iyNay; Vw;fdNt MSf;nfhU gpiw>mikg;Gf;nfhU gpiw> CUf;nfhU

gpiw> cyFf;nfy;yhk; xU gpiw vd gy;NtW gpiwg;gpupTfshf r%fk;
gpsTgl;bUf;f J}a thdpay; gpiw> K];ypk; thdpay; gpiw>,yq;if thdpay;
gpiw>ntw;Wf;fz; gpiw>
njhiyf;fhl;b gpiw vd ,d;Dk; gy $Wfshf r%fk; gpsT gl;LtpLk;
vd;gij fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Nkw;gb ‘ehl;Lf;F ehL gpiw’thdpay; mbg;gilapy; nghUj;jkhdjy;y

vd;gJld; rpy ehLfSf;F mrhj;jpakhdJk; $l vd;gij nlhf;lu;Mfpy;
m`;kj; mtu;fNs jdJ ‘gpiw epyh’ vd;w Gj;jfj;jpy; fuPgpad; jPTfs; gw;wpf;

28
Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ Rl;bf; fhl;baijAk; ,q;F thrfu;fSf;F Qhgfg;gLj;j
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

,ij ehk; -2005 ,y; fz;lJ Nghy;-kPd;LnkhU Kiw fz;$lhff; fhz

Ntz;Lkhdhy; \/ghd; jiy gpiw vq;Nf> vg;NghJ njd;gl;lJ ahu; ahu;
fz;lhu;fs; vd;gij gpiwf;FOtpdu; tUlhtUlk; mwptpf;fl;Lk; my;yJ gpiw
njd;glhj NghJ khjj;ij 30 ehl;fshfg; G+u;j;jp nra;al;Lk;.mg;NghJ xd;wpy;
thdtpaypd; Kfj;jpiu fpopAk; my;yJ ehl;Lf;F ehL gpiwapd; rhak;
ntSf;Fk;.

,t;twptpay; gupNrhjidf;F gpiwf;FOtpdu;>mtu;fsJ jPu;g;ig Vw;W nraw;gLk;

[khmj;Jfs;> thdpay;thjk; GupAk; Gj;jp(apy;yh)[Ptpfs; kw;Wk; fy;tpkhd;fs;>(
kiufs;)MfpNahu; Kd;tUthu;fsh???.

NkYk; nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; jhd; cWg;gpduhf cs;s ,];yhkpa

gpiw mtjhdpg;G jpl;lj;jpdhy;(I.C.O.P) kpf Jy;ypakhf gpiwia fzpf;ff;
$baJ vd cj;juthjk; toq;fg;gl;l Accurate Times, salat times, red shift
vd;w %z;W nkd;nghUl;fspy; Accurate Times vd;w fPOs;s nkd;nghUis
khj;jpuk; gad;gLj;jpNa ,yq;ifapy; 12-09-2007 md;W gpiw njd;gLtjw;F
rhj;jpak; cs;sJ vd tpsf;fpdhu;.

Mdhy; K];ypk; thdpayhsu; myp `j;jhj; vd;gtuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ,Nj

nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; jhd; cWg;gpduhf cs;s ,];yhkpa gpiw
29
mtjhdpg;G jpl;lj;jpdhy;(I.C.O.P) kpf Jy;ypakhf gpiwia fdpf;ff; $baJ
vd cj;juthjk; toq;fg;gl;l kw;WnkhU nkd;nghUshd salat times
,yq;ifapy; 13-09-2007 md;Wjhd; wkohd; jiygpiw njd;gLtJ rhj;jpak; vd
Rl;bf; fhl;baij(mt;thNw 12k; jpfjp jiygpiw njd;gltpy;iy vd;gijAk;
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;f)nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; ftdpf;fj; jtwp
tpl;lhu;fNsh!!!

Nkw;gb salat times vDk; nkd; nghUs; toq;fpa jftiy fPNo jUfpNwd;.

Salat Times Version 2.8, May, 2002

Location: colombo,sri lanka,

Latitude 06°55’55”N Longitude 077°50’52”E
Height: 0 meters ASL, Time Zone: 6.00,
No Summer Time available

Moon data for 12-September-2007 at sun set

Moon set (18:44)-sun set (18:13) =00:31
Moon Altitude (05°56’47”)-Sun Altitude (00°16’11”) = 07°12’58”
Moon Azimuth (266°50;51”) – Sun Azimuth (274°20’38’) =07°29’47”
Geocentric Moon Age=23:58, Topocentric Moon Age=22:28
Geocentric Elongation=11°24’45”, Topocentric Elongation 10°45’00”
Geocenric distance=400850.3km, Topocenric distsnce=394472.5km
Position angle of bright limb=224°22’40” Topocenric Width=00°00’16”
The Moon is 0,88% illuminatet, Topocentric Semidiamerer=00°14’56”
Possible start of Ramadan, 1428 AH: Thursday,13- September-2007

ghUq;fs; nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; jhd; rhu;e;jpUf;Fk; epWtdj;jpdhy; ‘gpiwia

Jy;ypakhff; fdpf;ff;$bait’ vd cj;juthjk; mspf;fg;gl;l %z;W
nkd;nghUl;fspy; xd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp 12k; jpfjp gpiw njd;gLk; rhj;jpak;
vd;W nrhy;y mNj epWtdj;jhy; gupe;Jiu nra;ag;gl;l kw;WnkhU
nkd;nghUs; ,y;iy 13k; jpfjpjhd; gpiw njd;gLk; rhj;jpak; vd
$Wfpd;wJ.,t;tpuz;L nkd;nghUl;fspy; Jy;ypakhff; fzpf;ff; $baJ vJ?
fyhepjp mtu;fs; gad;gLj;jpa 12k; jpfjpiaf; fhl;ba Accurate Times
nkd;nghUsh? my;yJ nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; gad;gLj;jhky; tpl;l 13k; jpfjpiaf;
fhl;ba salat times vDk; nkd;nghUsh?my;yJ ,uz;LNk Jy;ypakhfj;jhd;
fzpj;Js;sjh?!!

30
,uz;by; xd;Wjhd; Jy;ypakhff; fdpj;jJ vd;why; ,uz;Lf;Fk; toq;fg;gl;l
‘Jy;ypakhff; fdpf;ff;$baJ’ vd;w gupe;Jiuapd; mu;j;jk;jhd; vd;d vd;gij
ehk; Nahrpf;f Ntz;lhkh?

rpy Ntis Nkw;gb salat times vDk; nkd;nghUs; toq;fpa ‘13k; jpfjpjhd;
wkohd; khjk; Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd rhj;jpak;’ vd;w jftiy ‘12k; jpfjp gpiw
njd;gl;L 13k; jpfjp wkohd; Muk;gpf;Fk;’ vdf; Fwpg;gpLtjhf ahuhtJ jtwhf
tpsf;fkspf;f Kw;glyhk;.
Mdhy; ,Nj salat times vDk; nkd;nghUs; -wkohd; khjk; Kg;gJ
ehlf;fshf G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;lL- \t;thy; khjk; 13k; jpfjp muk;gpf;fyhk; vdf;
Fwpg;gpLtNj salat times nkd; nghUspd; 13k; jpfjp vd;gJ 12k; jpfjp khiy
my;y vd;gjw;F Nghjpa rhd;whFk;.

Vnddpy; xU thjj;jpw;fhf ,U khjq;fspYk; 13k; jpfjp vdf;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ 12k; jpfjp khiyiaj;jhd; vd itj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;
,yq;ifapy; wkohd;
cd;ikapy; gpiwf;FOtpdu; jq;fsJ ‘K];ypk; thdtpayhsupd; fUj;J’ vDk;
epiyg;ghl;by; cWjpahdtu;fshf ,Ue;jpUg;ghu;fNsahdhy; Accurate Times
vDk; nkd;nghUis tpLj;J 13k; jpfjpia fhl;ba salat times vDk;
nkd;nghUisNa fUj;jpw; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

fhudk; ehk; VyNt $wpaJ Nghy; Accurate Times vDk; gpiwf;FOtpdu;

gad;gLj;jpa nkd;nghUis cUthf;fpatu;fspy; K];ypk; my;yhj mwpQu;fSk;
cs;sdu;.mNj Ntis salat times vDk; nkd;nghUs; K];ypk; thdtpayhsuhd
myp `j;jhj; vd;gtuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gijAk; ehk; ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

vdNt thdtpay; fdpg;ig gpiwf;FOtpdu; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;Sk; NghJ

,t;thwhd Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gq;fSf;Fk; eilKiwr; rpf;fy;fSf;Fk;
Kfq;nfhLf;f NeupLk; vd;gJ ,jd; %yk; kPz;Lk; ep&gdkhfpd;wJ.

02. ‘rCjp mNugpahtpy; thdpay; mbg;gilapNyNa gpiwia

jPu;khdpf;fpd;whu;fs;’!!!!.vd nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs;
tpsf;fkspj;jjw;fhd fhudk; vd;d?

cyfpy; vj;jidNah ehLfs; ,Uf;f mitfspy; vj;jidNah K];ypk; ehLfs;

,Uf;f mitfspy; rCjp mNugpahit khj;jpuk; nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; njupT
nra;J mq;Nf ‘thdpay; fzpg;G’ mbg;gilapy; gpiwia jPu;khdpf;fpd;whu;fs;
tpsf;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpak;jhd; vd;d?tpsf;fpajd; ku;kk;jhd; vd;d??.

31
mJTk; rCjp mNugpah gw;wp tpsf;Fk; NghJ nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; Kfj;jpy;
Vw;gl;l khw;wk;>cr;rupg;Gj; njhdpapy; Vw;gl;l khWjy;> ,jw;nfy;yhk;
fhudk;jhd; vd;d?!.

rCjp mNugpahtpy; ‘thdpay; fzpg;G’ mbg;gilapy;jhd; gpiwia

jPu;khdpf;fpd;whu;fs; vd ep&gpj;J tpl;lhy; rCjpiag; NghyNt fj;jk;>
fe;J}up>fGW tzf;fk; kw;Wk; kPyhJ>nksypJ Nghd;witfis tpl;Ltpl;l!!!
vkJ ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; thdpay; fzpg;G tplaj;jpYk; rCjpia mg;gbNa
gpd;gw;Wthu;fs; vd;gjw;fhfth nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; rCjpia njupT
nra;jhu;fs;?.

my;yJ vkJ ,yq;ifj; jpU ehl;by; ‘ru;tNjrg;gpiw’ vd;w mbg;gilapy; xU

rhuhu; Nehd;G kw;Wk; ngUehs; mD\;lhdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;whu;fs;.
mtu;fs; rCjpg; gpiwiaj;jhd; filg;gpbf;fpd;whu;fs; vd nlhf;lu; mtu;fs;-
jtWjyhf fUjpajd; fhudkhfj;jhd; rCjpapd; gpiw jPu;khdk; gw;wp
tpsf;fpdhu;fNsh?!!.

,t;thwhd gy;NtW Nfs;tpf; fizfSld; ,jd; cd;ik epiyia mwpa

Ntz;b nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fsJ nrhe;j Cuhd mf;fiug;gw;W
nrd;W tprhupj;j NghJ –ek;gfkhdtu;fshy;- gy mupa>Mr;rupakhd jfty;fs;
fpilf;fg;ngw;wd.

nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; 02-11-2005 md;W m]u; njhOifapd; gpd;

mf;fiug;gw;wpy; ‘thdpay; tpsf;f’ epfo;r;rp xd;iw nra;jjhfTk; mjpy; ,d;W
(02-11-2007) gpiw njd;glTk; njd;glhJ vd; mbj;Jr; nrhd;djhfTk; Mdhy;
md;W khiyNa mNj mf;fiug;gw;wpy; gpiw njd;gl;Ltpl;ljhfTk;
Md;>ngd;>rpWtu;> tNahjpgu; cl;gl Rkhu; gjpide;J K];ypk;fs; mg; gpiwia
fz;ljhfTk; gyu; cWjpg;gLj;jpdu;.

Mdhy; Jujp\;l trkhf ‘,d;W gpiw njd;glhJ’vd;W gpiwf;FO

cWg;gpduhd nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; $wptpl;lhu;fs; vd;w xNu
fhuzj;jpw;fhf khj;jpuk; m.,.[.c tpd; gpiwf;FOtpdu; me;j midj;J
rhl;rpfisAk; epuhfupj;J tpl;ljhfTk; mjd; fhuzkhf ru;tNjrg;gpiw
mbg;gilapy; ngUehs; nfhz;lhba md;]hu; nksytp vd;gtUf;Fg; gpd;dhy;
toikf;F khw;wkhf Vuhskhd kf;fs; mzpjpuz;L gpiwf;FOtpd; jPu;hdj;ij
cjhrpj;js;sp tpl;L ngUehs; nfhz;lhbajhfTk; cs;ehl;Lg; gpiw
mbg;gilapy; nraw;gLk; rNfhjuu;fs; rpyu; njuptpj;jdu;.

mj;Jld; Nkw;gb 2005 Nehd;Gg; ngUehs; gpiw epuhfupf;fg;gl;lJ njhlu;ghf

gpiw fz;ltu;fshy; mspf;fg;gl;l Ngl;bfs; mlq;fpa FWtl;L(V C D)
xd;iwAk; vd;dplk; ifaspj;jdu;.

NkYk; cs;@upy; tpw;gidahfhj ruf;if ntspA+u;fSf;F nfhz;L nrd;W

tpw;f Kay;tJ Nghy; mf;fiug;gw;wpy; nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fspd;
32
thdpay; tpj;ij! (tpsf;fk;) gypf;fhj fhuzj;jhy; Njrpa uPjpahf tpsf;fq;fs;
mspj;J tUtjhfTk; mf;fiug;gw;wpy; md;W Vw;gl;l mtkhdj;jpd;
fhudkhfNth vd;dNth njupatpy;iy re;ju;gk; fpilf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk;
ru;tNjrg;gpiwia rw;W mjpfkhfNt rhbtUtjhfTk; xU nfhRWj;
jftiyAk; Nkyjpfkhfj; njuptpj;jdu;.

vdNt ,t;thwhd xU gpd;ddpapy;jhd; nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; toik Nghd;Wk; 30

epkplq;fs; khj;jpuk; xJf;fg;gl;bUe;j ‘I’miytupir epfo;rpapy; mJTk;
‘,yq;ifapy; gpiw ghu;j;jy;’ njhlu;ghf elhj;jg;gl;l epfo;rpapy;
rk;ge;jkpy;yhky; rCjp gpiwia tpku;rpj;jhu;fs; vd;gij ehd; nrhy;ypj;jhd;
thrfu;fshfpa ePq;fs; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w mtrpak; fpilahJ.

khj;jpukpd;wp ru;tNjrg;gpiw vd;why; rCjpg;gpiw vd;w ghkuj;jdkhd fUj;jpd;

mbg;gilapy; nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; tpsf;fq;fis mspj;jJ mt;tsT
MNuhf;fpakhdJk; my;y.

cd;ikapy; ru;tNjrg;gpiw vd;w mbg;gilia filg;gpbg;gtu;fs; rCjp

mNugpahtpd; gpiwia khj;jpuk;jhd; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;fpwhu;fsh? my;yJ NtW
ehLfspd; gpiwfisAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhu;fsh? rCjpapd; gpiwia vLf;Fk;
NghJ ‘gpiw njd;gl;lJ’ vd;w tifapy; vLf;fpd;whu;fsh? my;yJ 30 ehs;
G+u;j;jp vd;w tifapy; vLf;fpwhu;fsh?rCjp mNugpatpy; 30 ehl;fs; G+u;j;jpahFk;
NghJ NtW ehLfspy; gpiw njd;gLtij ftdj;jpw; nfhs;fpwhufsh? vd;gJ
Nghd;w tplaq;fis tpsf;fhky; rCjpg;gpiw ru;tNjrg;gpiw vd;w Njhuidapy;
tpku;rpf;f Kw;gLtJ Ma;thsUf;F mofy;y.

NkYk; wkohd;>\t;thy;>Jy; `[; Nghd;w tzf;f topghLfSld; njhlu;Gila

khjq;fis thdpay; fzpg;ig ftdj;jpw; nfhs;shky; ntw;Wf; fz;fshy; gpiw
ghu;g;gijf; nfhz;L rCjp mNugpah jPu;khdpf;Fk; NghJ ,t;Td;ikf;F
khw;wkhf thdpay; fdpg;ig nfhz;Nl rCjp jPu;khdpf;fpd;wJ vd nlhf;lu;
mtu;fs; tpsf;f Kw;gl;lJk; epfo;rpj; njhFg;ghsu; kPz;Lk; ‘rCjp mNugpah
thdpay; fdpg;G mbg;gilapNyNa gpiwia jPu;khdpf;fpd;wjh?’ vdf; Nfl;f
mij fyhepjp mtu;fs; mij MNkhjpj;jJk; ,e;j 2007k; Mz;bd; khngUk;
jfty; NkhrbahFk;.

rCjp murhq;fk; epu;thf trjpf;fhf Vida khjq;fis ‘ck;Ky; Fwh’

ehl;fhl;b mbg;gilapy; jPu;khdpj;jhYk; ehk; VyNt $wpaJ Nghy;
wkohd;>\t;thy;>Jy; `[; Nghd;w tzf;ftopghLfSld; njhlu;Gila
khjq;fis ‘gpiw ghu;g;gijf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;Ljhd; jPu;khdpf;fpd;wJ vd;w
cd;ikia kiwj;J ‘tzf;ftopghLfSld; njhlu;Gila khjq;fs;> tzf;f
topghLfSld; njhlu;gw;w khjq;fs; vd;w tpj;jparkpd;wp midj;J
khjq;fisAk; thdpay; fdpg;G mbg;gilapy;jhd; jPu;khdpf;fpd;wJ vd ‘jfty;

33
Nkhrb’ nra;tjw;F nlhf;lu; mtu;fis J}d;baJ ‘ru;tNjrg;gpiw’ kPJ
nfhz;l fho;g;Gdu;TjhNdh vd vk;ik rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;Lfpd;wJ.

rpy Ntis nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; rCjp mNugpah khjq;fis tzf;f

topghLfSld; njhlu;Gilait>njhlu;gw;wit cd ,uz;lhf gpupj;J
Nehf;FfpwJ vd;gij njspT gLj;jhjjd; fhudk; ‘Neuk; Nghjhik’ vd
thrfu;fs; epidf;fyhk;.

Mdhy; ‘,yq;ifapy; gpiw ghu;j;jy;’ njhlu;ghf xJf;fg;gl;l 30 epkplj;jpw;Fs;

rCjp mNugpahtpd; gpiw gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;ba mtrpak; vd;d? mg;gbNa
Fwpg;gpl;lhYk; cd;ikia cs;sgb Fwpg;gplhky; Fwpj;j Neuj;jpw;Fs;
miuFiwahf tpsf;fk; $w Kw;gl;lJ ru;tNjrg;gpiw vd;w
‘,[;jp`hj;’(,];yhk; $Wk; mwptpay; Ma;T) vd;w mk;rj;Jld; njhlu;Ggl;l
xU tplaj;ij vt;thW mZf Ntz;Lk; vd;w mbg;gil tplaj;ijf; $l
nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; kwe;J tpl;lhu;fNsh vd nghJ kf;fis rpe;jpf;fj;
J}z;LfpwJ.

nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; ehl;Lf;F ehLgpiw kw;Wk; thdpay; fzpg;G

vDk; epiyg;ghl;by; ,Ue;J nfhz;L jdf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; kf;fs; njhlu;G
rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp thdpay; fzpg;G ,d;wp ru;tNjrg;gpiw vd;w
mbg;gilapy; nraw;gLk; K];ypk;fis fupj;Jf; nfhl;Ltij tpl jhd;
rhu;e;jpUf;Fk; m.,.[.c itAk; mioj;Jf; nfhz;L 10 tUlq;fSf;Fk;
mjpfkhf thdpay; fzpg;G $lhJ vd;Wk; ru;tNjrg;gpiw vd;w
mbg;giliaj;jhd; ,];yhk; typAWj;JfpwJ vd;Wk; mf;fiug;gw;wpNyNa
nraw;gl;L tUk; md;]hu; nksytp vd;gtUld; xU RKfkhd fUj;jhliyNah
my;yJ xU gfpuq;f tpthjj;ijNah nra;J kf;fSf;F khu;f;fj;ij
njspTgLj;j Vd; Kd;tuf; $lhJ vd;gijAk; ehk; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; rpe;jpf;ff;
flikg; gl;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

NkYk; jdJ epiyg;gl;Lf;F khw;Wf;fUj;J nfhz;bUg;gtu;fis Fiw $w

Ntz;Lk; vd;w xNu Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf cd;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghd jfty;fis –
ed;fwpe;J nfhz;Nl- $wpa nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fspd; ‘thdpay;
fdpg;G’ njhlu;ghd fUj;Jfis vt;thW ek;gpf;ifAld; Vw;f KbAk;?!
vd;gij gpiwf;FOtpd; jPu;khdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nraw;gLk; xt;nthUtUk;
jdf;Fj;jhNd Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

mj;Jld; rCjp mNugpah thdpay; fzpg;igNa gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ vdf;

$wpdhy; gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdpay; fUj;ij gad;gLj;JtJ
‘`whk;’ vd ed;F fw;Ws;s kjPdh gy;fiyf;fof
gl;ljhupfs;(kjdpfs;)kw;Wk; wpahj; gy;fiyf;fof gl;ljhupfs;(wpahopfs;)
MfpNahu; nksdkhf ,Ue;J tpLthu;fs; vd gpiwf;FOtpdu; epidj;J
tpl;lhu;fNsh?!.

34
,y;iy> vkJ ehl;by; rpyu; rCjpg;gpiw vd;w mbg;gilapy; jtwhf
nraw;gLfpd;whu;fs;!! mij tpsf;FtJ Ma;thsu; vd;w uPjpapy; nlhf;lu; Mfpy;
m`;kj; mtu;fspd; flikjhNd!. me;jf; flikiaj;jhd; fyhepjp mtu;fs;
m.,.[.c tpdUld; ,ide;J nra;jhu;fs; vd mtrug;gl;L jtwhf ahUk;
fUjp tpl Ntz;lhk;.

fhudk; thdpay; fdpg;G mbg;gilapy; egp(]y;) mtu;fs; gpwe;jJ ,d;iwa

ugPcy; mt;ty; gpiw 12 ,y; my;y vd gpugy K];ypk; thdtpashsu; fyhepjp
fhypj; n\sfj; mtu;fs; jdJ ,idaj;jskhd www.moonsighting.com ,y;
F A Q gFjpay; njspT gLj;jpAs;shu;fNs! ,t; thdtpay; cd;ikia nlhf;lu;
Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; m.,.[.c tpdUld; ,ize;J ugPcy; mt;ty;
fhyj;jpd; NghJ vd;whtJ ,yq;if K];ypk;fSfSf;F
njspTgLj;jpAs;shu;fsh? my;yJ ,dpahtJ njspTgLj;j Kd;tUthu;fsh?
my;yJ nlhf;lu; mtu;fs; njspTgLj;j tpUk;gpdhYk; mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;Nshu;
,jw;F mDkjpg;ghu;fsh??.

fyhepjp fhypj; n\sfj; mtu;fspd; ugPcy; mt;ty; njhlu;ghd fUj;jpd; %y

thf;fpak; ,Njh!

7.21 Question: Does anyone know exact date (in Gregorian Calendar) of the
Prophet's (pbuh) birthday, 12th Rabi' al Awwal? (Sep 27, 2004)

Answer: We don't even know the death day of the Prophet (pbuh) with certainty.
Sahabah (Companions) of the Prophet (pbuh) could not remember the death day of
the Prophet. Different traditions report different dates. Now, about the birth date,
traditions report only that it was a Monday and it was 12th Rabi-al-Awwal.
Remember, that the practice of Intercalation (Nasi') was going on in Arabia at that
time. They used to interject a month whenever they had some local reasons. The
Arabian calendar, therefore was not preserved to tell us when the months were
inserted. It has also been reported that the Makkan calendar was not the same as
Medinian calendar using different practices of Intercalation (Nasi'). It is impossible
to know which month was Rabi-al-Awwal in Makkah. People have made
speculations but they are by no means any proof that they may be correct.
Moonsighting.com is doing some research on this, but cannot give you a good
answer at this time. It may need a book to answer this question.

The bottom line is that the birth date of the Prophet (pbuh) cannot be converted
correctly in Julian Calendar. Remember, it was not the Gregorian Calendar at that
time.
35
vdNt Nkw;gb gpiwf;FOtpdu; kw;Wk; nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fspd;
nraw;ghLfs; midj;Jk; tUlhtUlk; gpiwf;FOtpd; jPu;khdk; vDk;
tl;lj;jpypUe;J ntspNawp ru;tNjrg;gpiw vd;w mbg;gilia Nehf;fp tpiue;J
nfhd;bUf;Fk; ,yq;if tho; K];ypk;fis jLj;J epWj;Jtjw;fhfTk;
Vw;fdNt ru;tNjrg;gpiw vd;w mbg;gilapy; nraw;gLk; K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy;
re;Njfj;ij cz;Lgz;zTk; gpiwf;FOtpdu; jq;fsJ filrp m];jpukhfNt
thdpay; fzpg;G vd;w thjj;ij Kd;itj;Js;su;fs; vd;w cd;ikia vkf;F
njspthf czu;j;Jfpd;wJ.

Mdhy; me;Njh gupjhgk;!! ,tu;fsJ filrp m];jpuNk ,tu;fSf;F filrp

‘Mg;gh’f mike;J tpl;lJ vd;gij ,tu;fs; ,d;W czuhtpbDk; fhyk;
fz;bg;ghf czu;j;jpNa MFk; vd;gij ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; midtUk;
nghWj;jpUe;J ghu;f;fj;jhd; Nghfpwhu;fs;.

03. ‘12k; jpfjp khiy gpiw njd;glhtpbd; 13k; jpfjpia ]/ghd; khjj;NjhL
Nru;j;J khjj;ij 30 ehl;fshf G+u;j;jp nra;J tpl;L 14k; jpfjpNa wkohid
Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Vnddpy; gpiwia ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wjhd; ,];yhk; nrhy;fpd;wNj
jtpu gpiw thdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; khj;jpuk; NghJk; vd ,];yhk; nrhy;ytpy;iy’
vd nlhf;lu; Mfpy; m`;kj; mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;lJ midj;J K];ypk;
thdtpayhsu;fspdJk; fUj;J ,y;iy.khwhf ,f; fUj;J K];ypk;
thdtpayhsu;fspd; ‘xU gpuptpdupd;’ fUj;Nj MFk;.

mt;thwhapd; K];ypk; thdtpashyu;fSf;Fs;Sk; gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy;

gy;NtW FOf;fs;>gy gpupTfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wjh? Vw;fdNt
cykhf;fSf;fpilapy; ‘gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; gy fUj;J Kud;ghLfs;
fhdg;gLfpd;wd. ,itfspy; ,Ue;J tpLglNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf K];ypk;
thdtpay; fUj;ij vLg;Nghk; vd;why; thdtpayhsu;fSf;fpilapYk; gy
fUj;J Kud;ghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd NghypUf;fpd;wNj!! vd thrfu;fs;
mYj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vdf;F tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; Vw;fdNt cs;s gpur;ridfspy; ,Ue;J

tpLglNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf Ntz;b my;yJ gpur;ridfis xU tiuaiwf;Fs;
nfhz;LtuNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf Ntz;b ‘thdtpay; fzpg;ig’
fUj;jpw;nfhs;tJ ‘rl;bapypUe;J mLg;Gf;Fs; Fjpg;gJ’ Nghd;wjhFk; vd;gij
nfhl;ghl;L uPjpahfTk; eilKiw uPjpahfTk; ,d;Dk; rw;W Mokhf
tpsq;FNthk;.

36
 Jiz epd;wit(Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit)

• my;Fu;Md;
• ]`P`{y; G`hup –my; ,khk; G`hup (u`;)
• top fhl;b –Kj;jpq;fspjo;--nrg;lk;gu;-ngg;utup 2006
• gpiw epyh –fyhepjp Mfpy; m`;kj;
• thdtpay; fdpg;Gk; khjj;jpd; Muk;gKk;(mwG)
-- fyhepjp A+]{g; my; fu;shtp
• ek;gpf;iff;Fk; FsWgbf;FkpilNa thdtpay; fdpg;G (mwG)
37
 ---fyhepjp K`k;kj; my; [{`dp
• re;jpu khjq;fSk; thdtpay; fdpg;Gk; (mwG)
---- N\f; mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; my; kdP/
• thdpay; fdpg;G (mwG) N\f; [gu; mj;jit]pup
• gpugQ;r mbg;gilfs; (mwG) my; mkPd; fCwh
• fzpg;Gf;Fk; ‘ghu;j;jY’f;Fk; kj;jpapy; gpiw (mwG)
---K`k;kj; n\sfj; mtjh/
• www.icoproject.org (,idaj;jsk;)
• www.moonsighting.com (,idaj;jsk;)
• Accurate Times (nkd; nghUs;)
• salat times (nkd; nghUs;)

gpw;Nru;f;if(1)

\hgp, kj;`g; VS thdpay; fdpg;G

nksytp M.I.M.nesgu; (fhrpgp)
‘gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; K];ypk; thdtpayhsu;fspd; fUj;Jfis
ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;’ vd mfpy ,yq;if [k;,a;aJy; cykh
(m.,.[.c) 2006 Mz;by; jPu;khdk; vLj;jjhf gpiwf;FO nrayhsu; nksytp
mg;Jy; m]P]; mtu;fs; fle;j 05-09-2007 Gjd; fpoik ‘I’ miytupirapy; ,lk;
ngw;w K];ypk; epfo;rpapy; mwptpj;jijf; Nfl;L mjpu;rpAk; Mr;rupaKk;
mile;Njd;.

fhudk; ehd; Vw;fdNt fhj;jhd; Fbapy; ,lk; ngw;w xU khu;f;fg; gpur;rid

njhlu;ghf m.,.[.c tpdhy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;bUe;j cykhf;fSf;fhd
tpN\l $l;lk; xd;wpy; fye;J nfhz;l NghJ mjd; jw;Nghija jiytu;
nksytp wp;];tp Kg;jp mtu;fs; ‘my;Fu;Md;> my; `jP]; kw;Wk; rhgp, kj;`gpd;
38
‘gykhdJk; cWjpAkhd (wh[p`;) fUj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa [k;,a;aJy;
cykh khu;f;f rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fspy; nraw;gLtjhf Rl;bf; fhl;bdhu;fs;.

Mdhy; ‘gpiwia jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdpay; fdpg;ig fUj;jpw; nfhs;tJ

vd;w ,j; jPu;khdk; my;Fu;Md; my; `jP]{f;Fk; vkJ ,yq;ifj; jpU
ehl;by; ngUk;ghyhd K];ypk;fshy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; \hgp, kj;`gpw;Fk; Kw;wpYk;
khw;wkhdjhFk;.

my;Fu;Md; my; `jP]pd; mbg;gilapy; thdtpay; fdpg;ig gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk;

tplaj;jpy; fUj;jpw; nfhs;tJ $lhJ (`whk;) vd;gij jdpahf xU Ma;tpy;
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; njspT gLj;j ,Ug;gjhy; ,g;NghJ \hgp, kj;`g; mbg;gilapy;
thdpay; fdpg;ig gad;gLj;j KbAkh my;yJ $lhjh? vd;gijNa ,r;rpW
Ma;tpy; fhyj;jpd; Njit fUjp RUf;fkhf tpsf;FfpNwd;.

\hgp, kj;`gpd; gpujhd %yhjhuq;fSs; xd;whf ‘my; ,[;kh/’(,];yhkpa

mwpQu;fspd; VNfhgpj;j mgpg;gpuhak;) fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.,e;j tifapy; gpiwia
jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdpay; fdpg;ig gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ (`whk;)
vd;gJ xl;L nkhj;j ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fspd; VNfhgpj;j mgpg;gpuhak; ‘,[;kh/’
vd;gij \hgp, kj;`gpd; kpfg; ngUk; mwpQu;fspy; xUtuhd ,khk; ,g;Dy;
Kd;jpu; (ghu;f;f:gj;`{y; ghup 4-158) mtu;fs; cl;gl ,khk;fshd ,g;D
MgpjPd;(`h]paJ ,g;D MgpjPd; 3-408)kw;Wk; ,khk; ,g;D W];j; (gpjhaJy;
K[;j`pj; 2-557) Nghd;Nwhu; vLj;Jf; $wpAs;shu;fs;. ,f;fUj;ijNa tpuy;tpl;L
vz;zf; $ba xU rpy mwpQu;fisj; jtpu ,d;Ws;s ngUk;ghz;ik K];ypk;
mwpQu;fs; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

vdNt \hgp, kj;`gpYk; Vd; Vida kj;`GfspYk; $l Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l

‘,[;kh/’Tf;F Kudhf vt;thW m.,.[.c tpduhy; jPu;khdk; vLf;f
Kbe;jJ?!.kw;Wk; ,[;kh/ it xU rl;l%yhjhukhff; nfhz;L nraw;gLk;
mikg;Gfs;>[khmj;Jfs; kw;Wk; gl;lJ njhl;lJf;nfy;yhk; ,[;kh/ vdf;
$wf; $ba cykhg; ngUkf;fs; ,tu;fs; midtuhYk; vt;thW cs;sq;if
ney;ypf;fdp Nghd;w ,e;j ,[;kh/it cjwpj;js;s Kbe;jJ?!
,ij vt;thW vkJ \hgp, kj;`g; K];ypk;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;L
nraw;gLfpd;whu;fs;?!.

,t;thwhd midj;Jf; Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; m.,.[.c tpduhy; xNu xU gjpiyj;

jtpu NtW ve;jtpjkhd gjpiyAk; toq;f KbahJ.

me;j xNu xU gjpYk; ‘gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdtpaiy fUj;jpw;

nfhs;syhk;’ vd rpy ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; mDkjp toq;fpAs;shu;fs;
vd;gJjhd;!!.

cd;ikapNyNa ,t;thW mwpQu;fs; mDkjp toq;fpdhu;fsh?>Mk; vd;why; ahu;

ahu; me;j mwpQu;fs;?> mtu;fspd; mDkjp ve;j tifahdJ?> ,e;j mDkjpia
mwptpay; uPjpahfTk; rup \hgp, kj;`g; mbg;gilapYk; rup fUj;jpw;
39
nfhs;syhkh? vd;gJ Nghd;w tplaq;fis njspTgLj;JtNj ,g;
gpw;Nru;f;ifapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

xU thjj;jpw;fhf ,];yhkpa tuyhW neLfpYk; tho;e;J kiwe;j

gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd mwpQu; ngUkf;fspy; xU rpyupd; jtWfisAk; rpe;jidj;
jLkhw;wj;ijAk; khu;f;fkhf;FtJ rupjhd; vd itj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk; ,d;W
m.,.[.c tpdu; thdtpay; fdpg;ig eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhf –
jtwhfNtDk;- fUj;Jf; $wpa xU \hgp, kj;`g; mwpQUk; fpilahJ
vd;gij \hgp, kj;`ig rhu;e;jtu;fs; Kjypy; Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.

thdtpay; fzpg;ig gad;gLj;JtJ vd;why; ‘gpiw njd;glhky; Nkf

%l;lkhff; fhzg;gLk; re;jug;gq;fspy; khj;jpukh? my;yJ Nehd;ig
Muk;gpg;gjw;fhf khj;jpuk; thdtpaiy gad;gLj;jp ngUehis jPu;khdpf;Fk;
NghJ thdtpaiy fUj;jpw; nfhs;shky; tpLtjh?my;yJ xU thdtpayhsu;
jhd; khj;jpuk; jdJ mwpit gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;.Vidatu;fs; mij
gad;gLj;jf; $Lkh?
vd;nwy;yhk; mDkjp toq;fpa xU rpy mwpQu;fs; ‘tiuaiwfis’ tpjpj;jpUf;f
me;j tiuaiwfisf; filg;gpbf;fhky; mtu;fsJ mDkjpia khj;jpuk;
‘nkhl;ilahf’ vLj;Jf; nfhs;tJjhd; ,khk;fisg;; gpw;gw;Wk;
yl;rdkh?!vd;gij m.,.[.c tpdUk; mjd; jPu;khdj;ij rupfz;ltu;fSk;
mtrpak; njspT gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

‘,khk;fspy; rpyu; gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdtpay; fdpg;ig

gad;gLj;jyhk; vd mDkjp toq;fpAs;shu;fs;’ vd ehk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lij
itj;J VNjh vf;fr;rf;fkhd ,khk;fs; ,t;thW mDkjp toq;fpAs;shu;fs;
vd thrfu;fs; mtrug;gl;L KbntLj;J tplhjPu;fs;.!

thdtpaiy gad;gLj;j epge;jidfSld; mDkjp toq;fpa ,khk;fspd; ngau;g;

gl;bay; ,Njh!

01. ,khk; kpj;ug; gpd; mg;Jy;yh`; (95)-kudpj;j Mz;L-

02. ,khk; ,g;D Fijgh (276) -kudpj;j Mz;L-
03. ,khk; ,g;D Riu[; (303) -kudpj;j Mz;L-
04. ,khk; ,g;D]; ]{Gfp (756) -kudpj;j Mz;L-

,jpy; KjyhtJ ,khkhd kpj;ug; gpd; mg;Jy;yh`; vd;gtu; Nkw;gb gpiw

jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdpay; fdpg;ig gad;gLj;jyhk; vd mDkjp
toq;fpjhahff; fUjg;gl;lhYk; ,ij ep&gpg;gjw;F ek;gfkhd rhd;Wfs;
vJTk; fpilahJ vd ‘,khk;fspd; $w;Wfs; njhlu;ghf jpwdha;Tfis
Nkw;nfhz;l’ ,khk; ,g;D mg;jpy; gu; vd;gtu; njuptpf;f mij \hgp,

40
kj;`gpd; kpfg; ngUk; Nkijfspy; xUtuhd ,khk; ,g;D `[u;
my;m];fyhdp mtu;fs; MNkhjpf;fpd;whu;fs;(gj;`{y; ghup 4-157).

mLj;J> ,uz;lhk; ,khkhd ,g;D Fijgh mtu;fs; ,t;thW mDkjp

toq;fpUe;j NghjpYk; ,tuJ fUj;ij ehk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sf; $lhJ.

fhudk;> ,tu; xU nkhopapayhsu;>,yf;fpathjpNa md;wp ,t;thwhd

EDf;fkhd rl;lg; gpur;ridfspy; fUj;Jf; $Wk; mstpw;F xU rl;lf; fiy
ty;Ydu; my;y vd;w cd;ikia –VyNt $wpaJ Nghy; - ,khk; ,g;D
mg;jpy; gu; mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpl mij \hgp, kj;`gpd; NguwpQu;fSs; xUtuhd
,khk; ,g;D `[u; my; m];fyhdp mtu;fs; MNkhjpf;fpdwhu;fs;.(gj;`{y;
ghup 4-157)

,dp> %d;whtJ ,khkhd \hgp, kj;`ig rhu;e;j ,g;D Riu[; vd;gtu;

‘thdtpay; fUj;ij gpiw tplaj;jpy; vLf;fyhk;’ vd ,khk; \hgp, (u`;)
mtu;fs; njuptpj;jjhf xU jftiyf; $wptpl;L ,f; fUj;ijNa jhDk;
Vw;gjhfj; njuptpf;fpd;whu;.

vdpDk; Nkw;gb fUj;ij ,khk; \hgp,(u`;) mtu;fs; xU NghJk;

nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;Wk; Vida ,khk;fisg; Nghd;Nw ,khk; \hgp,
mtu;fSk; gpiw tplaj;jpy; thdpay; fdpg;ig gad;gLj;JtJ $lhJ(`whk;)
vd;w fUj;ijNa nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs; vd;gijAk; ,khk;fshd ,g;D mg;jpy;
gu; (,];jpj;fhu; 10-19)kw;Wk; \hgp, kj;`igNa fiuj;Jf; Fbj;jtu; vdf;
$wg;gLk; ,khk; ,g;D `[u; m];fyhdp(4-157) vd;Nghu; typAWj;jp ,khk;
,g;D Riu[; vd;gtUf;F kWg;Gj; njuptpj;Js;sdu;.

vdNt ,khk; ,g;D Riu[; vd;gtu; thdtpaiy gad;gLj;jyhk; vdf;

$wpaJ ‘jhd; rhu;jpUf;Fk; kj;`gpd; ,khk; \hgp, mtu;fs; ,f;fUj;ij
nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;’ vd jtwhff; fUjpajhy;jhd; vd;gJ ,jd; %yk; ed;F
njspthfpd;wJ.

NkYk; ,khk; ,g;D Riu[; vd;gtu; ‘Fwpj;j thdtpayhsu; kpfTk;

ghz;bj;jpak; ngw;wtuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Nehd;ig Muk;gpg;gjw;fhf
khj;jpuNk thdtpay; fdpg;ig gad;gLj;jyhNk jtpu ngUehis
jPu;khdpg;gjw;fhf my;y vd;Wk; epge;jidfs; tpjpj;jpUg;gijAk; ehk;
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

mj;Jld; ,khk; mtu;fspd; ,f; fUj;J thdtpaiy gad;gLj;jyhk;

yhk vd;w
mDkjpNa jtpu gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w fl;lhak; fpilahJ vd;gijAk;
ehk; rpe;ijapy; gjpj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;lk;.

,Wjpahf ehd;fhtJ ,khkhd ,g;D];]{Gfp vd;gtu; ‘my; myKy; kd;#u;

gP ,j;ghjp]; ]{`_u;’ vd;w xU E}iy vOjp mjpy; ,khk; ,g;D Riu[;
vd;gtuJ fUj;ij rupfz;Ls;shu;fs;.
41
 vdpDk; ,khk; ,g;D Riu[; vd;gtNu jhd; rhu;e;jpuf;Fk; kj;`gpd; ,khk;
\hgp, mtu;fs; thdtpay; fdpg;Gf;F mDkjp toq;fpdhu;fs; vd;W jtwhff;
fUjpajd; fhuzkhfj;jhd; thdtpay; fdpg;Gf;F mDkjp toq;fpdhu;fs;
vd;wpUf;Fk; NghJ
,khk; ,g;D Riu[; mtu;fspd; fUj;ij rupfz;l ,khk; ,g;D]; ]{Gfp
mtu;fspd; fUj;J mjw;fhd ngWkhdj;ij ,oe;J tpLfpd;wJ.

ghUq;fs;> xUtu; jhd; rhu;e;jpUf;Fk; kj;`gpd; ,khk; xU Fwpj;j fUj;jpy;

,Ue;jjhf jtwhff; fUjp xU epiyg;gl;il vLf;f mtuJ epiyg;ghl;il
mbnahw;wp ,d;DnkhUtu; nry;fpd;whu;.

vdNt ehk; Vw;fdNt $wpaJ Nghy; ,khk; \hgp, (u`;) mtu;fs; Vida
,khk;fisg; NghyNt gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdtpay; fdpg;ig
fUj;jpw; nfhs;tJ $lhJ (`whk;) vd;w fUj;jpNyNa ,Ue;jhu;fs; vd;gij
\hgp, kj;`gpd; ty;Ydu; ,khk; ,g;D `[u; my; m];fyhdp mtu;fs; cWjp
nra;jpUf;f \hgp, ,khkpd; fUj;ij jtwhf tpsq;fpa ,khk; ,g;D Riu[;
vd;gtuJ fUj;Jf;Nfh mtiug; gpd;njhlu;e;j ,khk; ,g;D]; ]{Gfp
vd;gtuJ fUj;Jf;Nfh kj;`G uPjpahfTk; rup mwpTuPjpahfTk; rup ve;j tpjg;
ngWkhdKk; fpilahJ vd;gij \hgp, kj;`Gf;fhuu;fs; Gupe;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.

Mf nkhj;jk; ehd;F ,khk;fspy; xUtu; ,f;fUj;ij $wpdhuh vd;gjw;F

Mjhuk; fpilahJ.,d;DnkhUtu; nkhopapayhsu;> ,yf;fpa thjp rl;lf;fiy
ty;Yeu; fpilahJ.mLj;jtu; jtwhd vLNfhypd; fhuzkhf jtwhd fUj;ij
nrhy;y kw;wtu; mijg; gpd;njhlu;fpd;whu;.

\hgp, kj;`gpd; gykhdJk; cWjpahdJkhd ‘wh[p`;’ fUj;ij gpd;gw;WtJ

vd;gJ ,t;thwhd jdp kdpjj; jtWfSf;F ,];yhj;jpd; rhaj;ij
G+RtijAk; kj;`G Nygiy xl;LtijAk;jhd; Fwpf;fpd;wjh vd;gij mfpy
,yq;if [k;,a;aJy; cykhtpdu; njspTgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.my;yJ mtu;fsJ
thdtpay; fdpg;ig rup fz;l mikg;Gfs;>[khmj;Jfs;> gpuhe;jpa cykh
rigfs; kw;Wk; mwGf; fy;Y}upfs;>jdpg;gl;l cykhf;fs; ahuhapDk; my;
Fu;Md; m];]{d;dtpd; mbg;gilapy; thdtpay; fdpg;ig vLf;f KbAkh
,y;iyah vd;gJ xU GwkpUf;f Fiwe;jJ \hgp, kj;`gpd;
mbg;gilapyhtJ gpiw tplaj;jpy; thdtpay; fdpg;ig gad;gLj;j KbAk;
vd;gij ep&gpf;f ,J njhlu;ghf fUj;jhl> NjitNaw;gbd; kf;fs;
kd;wj;jpy; tpthjpf;f Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;.

mij tpLj;J r%f xw;Wik vd;Wk; Cu; xw;Wik vd;Wk;

ntw;Wf;Nfh\q;fis vOg;Gtjd; %yk; Nehd;G>ngUehs; Nghd;w ,];yhj;jpd;
milahsq;fshd tzf;f topghLfspy; MjhuKk; ,y;yhj>mwpTk; Vw;fhj
jPu;khdq;fis midj;J K];ypk;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W
vjpu;ghu;g;gJ ve;j tifapYk; epahaKk; my;y.MNuhf;fpakhdJk; my;y.

42
vdNt md;gpw;fpdpa ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu;fNs! \hgp, kj;`igj;jhd;
gpd;gw;Wfpd;Nwhk; vd epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mg;ghtp K];ypk;fNs!!

mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;! gpiw jPu;khdpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; thdpay;

fdpg;ig fUj;jpw; nfhs;tJ $lhJ (`whk;) vd;gJjhd; \hgp, kj;`gpd;
fUj;jhFk;.,ij RUf;fkhf tpsf;FtNj ,g;gpw;Nru;ifapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

vdNt ty;y my;yh`; mtdJ khu;fj;ij mwpe;J njupe;J njspe;J

gpd;gw;Wk; ghf;fpaj;ij vk; midtUf;Fk; je;jUs;thdhf! vd;w
gpuhu;j;jidAld; Kbf;fpd;Nwd;.
ed;wp>
t];]yhk;.

43