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OptiSys - Design - Tutorial
OptiSys - Design - Tutorial
OptiSys_Design
Optical Communication System Design Software Version 1.0 for Windows 98/Me/2000 and Windows NTTM
Optiwave Corporation 7 Capella Court Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2E 7X1 tel.: (613) 224-4700 fax.: (613) 224-4706 e-mail: info@optiwave.com web: http://www.optiwave.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 LESSON 1: TRANSMITTER - EXTERNAL MODULATED LASER ............................................. 1 Starting OptiSys_Design ......................................................................................... 1 Interface Overview.................................................................................................. 2 Using the Component Library................................................................................. 2 Connecting Components ......................................................................................... 4 Visualization of results............................................................................................ 5 Connecting Visualizers ........................................................................................... 6 Visualizers and Data Monitors................................................................................ 7 Component parameters............................................................................................ 8 Visualizers parameters .......................................................................................... 11 Running the simulation ......................................................................................... 11 Displaying results from visualizers ....................................................................... 12 Saving the simulation results................................................................................. 16 LESSON 2: SUBSYSTEMS HIERARCHICAL SIMULATION ................................................ 17 Loading a sample file ............................................................................................ 17 Creating a Subsystem ............................................................................................ 17 Looking inside of the subsystem........................................................................... 18 Creating output ports............................................................................................. 19 Subsystem properties: name and icon ................................................................... 21 Adding global parameters to the a subsystem....................................................... 22 Accessing global parameters................................................................................. 23 Adding the component to the Component Library................................................ 25 Creating additional ports ....................................................................................... 27 Running the simulation ......................................................................................... 29 LESSON 3: OPTICAL SYSTEMS - WDM DESIGN ............................................................. 30 Global parameters ................................................................................................. 30 Transmitters........................................................................................................... 30 Parameter groups................................................................................................... 32 Testing the transmitter........................................................................................... 34 EDFA + Fiber spans.............................................................................................. 35 Getting results after the demultiplexer .................................................................. 38 Adding a receiver .................................................................................................. 38 BER Analyzer ....................................................................................................... 39 LESSON 4: PARAMETER SWEEPS - BER X INPUT POWER ................................................ 44 Selecting the parameter to be iterated using the Sweep mode .............................. 45 Changing the number of sweep iterations. ............................................................ 46 Changing the values of sweep iterations. .............................................................. 47 Running the simulation ......................................................................................... 48 Getting results using the Graph builder................................................................. 49
Graphs and Views ................................................................................................. 50 Browsing parameter sweep iterations ................................................................... 51 Combining graphs from sweep iterations.............................................................. 51 LESSON 5: DESIGN VERSIONS EDFA CHARACTERIZATION......................................... 53 LESSON 6: OPTIMIZATIONS SYSTEM MARGIN .............................................................. 55 LESSON 7: OPTIMIZATIONS EDFA FIBER LENGTH ...................................................... 58 LESSON 8: DISPERSION COMPENSATION USING SUBSYSTEMS AND SCRIPTING ................ 60 LESSON 9: DESIGN OF A BROADBAND RAMAN AMPLIFIER USING SUBSYSTEMS .............. 65 Overview ............................................................................................................... 65 Definition of Multi-line source ............................................................................. 65 Definition of Multi-line source subsystem............................................................ 66 Designing a broadband gain-flattened Raman amplifier....................................... 69 Using the interactive 3D graphics ......................................................................... 71 LESSON 10: OPTIMIZATION OF THE GAIN FLATNESS OF BROADBAND RAMAN AMPLIFIERS ....................................................................................................................................... 73 Optimizing the length of the fiber ......................................................................... 73 The influence of fiber losses ................................................................................. 75
Introduction
The most efficient way to become familiar with OptiSys_Design is to complete the lessons located in this document, where you will learn how to use the software by solving problems. Some of the information described here is also described in the Users Manual, in the Quick Start section.
Starting OptiSys_Design
To start OptiSys_Design, in the Taskbar use Start -> Programs -> OptiSys_Design 1.0 -> OptiSys_Design Once loading has finished, the OptiSys_Design graphical user interface will appear:
Interface Overview
The main parts of the OptiSys_Design interface consist of the Layout Editor, Project Browser and the Component Library. The Layout Editor is used to place different components, edit them, and create connections between them. The Project Browser is used to navigate through the current project, and to organize a project so that results can be achieved more efficiently. The Component Library gives access to the components available to create the design. The Project Overview is used for zooming operations on the layout. Parameter Groups organizes the parameters of components in a way so that the user does not need to change parameters such as Laser Wavelength in each component, accessing all of them in the same place. The Output Window displays the messages generated during the simulations.
Project Overview Component Library
Layout Editor
Project Browser
Parameter Groups
Output Window
From the component library, go to Default > Transmitters > Optical Sources.
Select CW Laser 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library, and dropping it into the workspace.
From the component library, go to Default > Transmitters > Bit Sequence Generators. Select Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library. From the component library, go to Default > Transmitters > Pulse Generators > Electrical. Select NRZ Pulse Generator 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library.
Figure 5 - Adding a Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator and a NRZ Pulse Generator to the layout
Connecting Components
In order to send the signal from one component to another we must connect the component output port to the next component input port. When connecting components, you cannot connect more then one input port to the same output port. This means only Connect the components by clicking on the port of the first component and dragging it to the port of the next component: The Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator to the NRZ pulse generator Bit Sequence input port, The NRZ pulse generator output to the Mach-Zehnder Modulation input port,
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Visualization of results
There are many ways to visualize results when using OptiSys_Design, the Visualizers folder in the Component Library allows the user to post process and display results from the simulation. According to the input signal type the visualizer is categorized in electrical or optical visualizer. In order to visualize the electrical signal generated by the NRZ pulse generator in time domain we can use an Oscilloscope Visualizer: From the component library, go to Default > Visualizers > Electrical Select Oscilloscope Visualizer 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library.
The optical signal can be also displayed by selecting visualizers from the library. In order to visualize the modulated optical signal in time domain we will use an Optical Spectrum Analyzer and a Optical Time Domain Visualizer: From the component library, go to Default > Visualizers > Optical Select Optical Spectrum Analyzer 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library. Select Optical Time Domain Visualizer 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library.
Connecting Visualizers
In order to visualize the signal from one component we must connect the component output port to the visualizer input port. When connecting components to visualizers, you can connect more than one visualizer to one component output port. This means you can have multiple visualizers attached to the same component output port. Connect the component and visualizers by clicking on the output port of the component and dragging it to the input port of the visualizer: The NRZ pulse generator output to the Oscilloscope Visualizer input port. The Mach-Zehnder output to the Optical Spectrum Analyzer input port and to the Optical Time Domain Visualizer input port.
Monitor Tool
Monitor
Layout Tool
Component parameters
Double clicking on any of the components will bring up a dialog box for editing the properties of that component. In the layout editor, double click in the CW Laser component icon. Component parameters are organized by categories. There are five parameter categories in this component: Main, Polarization, Simulation, Noise and Random numbers. The category Main include the parameters often accessed by the user when using a laser, such as Frequency and Power.
For each category tab, there is a list of parameters. Parameters have the following properties: Disp, Name, Value, Units and Mode. Displaying parameters in the layout The first parameter property is Disp. When this property is checked the parameter name, value and unit will be displayed in the layout. Notice that Frequency and Power have Disp checked and these parameters are displayed in the layout.
Frequency Units
Power Units
Changing parameter modes: arithmetic expressions Each parameter can have three modes: Normal, Sweep and Script. Script mode allows the user to enter arithmetic expressions and also access parameters defined globally. In the CW Laser, click on the property Mode. From the drop down menu, select Script mode. In the parameter Value, enter the expression 193.1+0.1 Click on Verify Script button
You will see the value of the script expression in the message list in the dialog box and the results will be 193.2.
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Visualizers parameters
In order to access the parameter of the Visualizer you must select the icon and right click on it, since double clicking on any of the visualizers will bring up a dialog box for visualization of the graphs and results generated during the simulation instead the parameters. In the layout editor, select the Optical Spectrum Analyzer icon. Right click on it, it will appear a pop up menu. From the pop up menu, select Component properties.
By default we will calculate the whole project, since we do not have multiple design versions and no sweep iterations. File Menu select Calculate :
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Figure 18 -Oscilloscope
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Optical Spectrum Analyzer Optical signals are visualized in frequency domain by using an OSA. Double click in the Optical Spectrum Analyzer Since OptiSys_Design use a mixed signal representation the user can visualize the signal according to the their representation. Each left tabs refers to one of the representations: Sampled signal, Parameterized signals and Noise bins, or display all of them in the same graph. The optical signal polarization can be accessed using the bottom tabs: Total power, Power from polarization X and Power from polarization Y.
Sampled Signals
Parameterized Signals
Noise bins
Internal Resolution
Total Power
Polarization X
Polarization Y
Figure 19 -OSA.
Optical Time Domain Visualizer Optical signals are visualized in time domain by using an optical time domain visualizer. Double click in the Optical Spectrum Analyzer
In time domain OptiSys_Design will translate the optical signal and the power spectral density of the noise to numerical noise in time domain. The optical signal polarization can be accessed using the bottom tabs: Total power, Power from polarization X and Power from polarization Y. When selecting polarization X or Y the user can also select to display the phase or chirp of the signal in that particular polarization.
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The zoom tool allows you to zoom in on a specific area of the graph.
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You can also trace the to obtain the values for each point in the graph. Click in the Menu button in the upper left corner and select InfoWindow. Click in the Menu button in the upper left corner and select Tracer.
The tracer tool allows you to visualize the values for each point of the graph in the information window.
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Now all the results will be saved with the project file.
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Or you can use the previous project from the fist lesson.
Creating a Subsystem
Select all the components in the layout, Right click over the selection, From the pop up menu, select Create subsystem
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A subsystem icon will replace the components. Observe that the visualizers that are not included in the selection will be disconnected. This is because the subsystem will not add additional ports to connect the visualizers.
Observe that a new tab was added to the layout tab, now you can change parameters and create ports in order to access the signals from the subsystem.
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Main layout
Subsystem
The port was created, if you go back to the Main layout there will be an output port in the subsystem icon. In order to create input ports use the same procedure. Since this is a transmitter, in this example we will not create input ports.
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The component name and the tab will be updated with the new name.
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Minimum value: 100 Maximum value: 200 Current value: 193.1 Units: THz
Click on Add button In the properties dialog box click on the Add Param button,
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In the Add parameter dialog box enter the following values: o o o o o o o Name: Type: Category: Power floating-point Main
Repeat the same procedure for the parameter Power, enter Power as the parameter value, and set the unit to dBm.
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With these steps we set the value of the parameter Frequency and Power of the CW Laser to be read from the global parameter of the subsystem Frequency and Power.
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Creating sub folders in the Custom Library In order to add the External Modulated Transmitter to the Custom library we will create a new folder named Transmitters. Select the Custom folder in the component library, Right click in the background of the custom library, In the pop up menu, select Add Folder In the New Folder dialog box, enter Transmitters in the edit box, Press the OK button.
In the Custom folder in the Component library a new folder named Transmitters will appear.
The subsystem icon will be created with the component name: External Modulated Transmitter.
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From the component library, go to Default > Tools. Select Fork 1x2 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library, and dropping it into the workspace.
It will be easier to accommodate the new component if you change the layout size. You can change the layout size by pressing Ctrl+Shift and dragging in the layout background to change the size.
You can also delete the internal data monitors by selecting monitor tool and clicking in each one of the monitors in the component output ports.
If you want to reflect the changes you made in the subsystem you must delete the External Modulated Transmitter from the Custom library and update the library by dragging and dropping the External Modulated Transmitter with two ports from the layout.
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The visualizers will show the results and graphs from the output ports. Observe that the center frequency and power of the transmitter are the ones defined by the values of the parameters Frequency and Power.
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Global parameters
For this simulation we will use default parameters for the Bit rate, Bit sequence length and Sample rate. Select the menu File/New, Double click on the layout background.
Observe the global parameters used for this simulation, Bit rate = 2.5 GB/s Sequence length = 128 bits Time window = 5.12e-08
Transmitters
Create an external modulated laser following the steps of the first lesson, Select the components of the external modulated laser,
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Resize the layout by pressing Ctrl+Shift, click in the layout background and drag the cursor over the layout. Copy/paste the components in order to create 8 transmitters.
You can also select the values for the Mux internal filters to be displayed in the layout by selecting the Disp option in the Channels tab of the Mux properties dialog box.
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Parameter groups
In order to enter the frequency values for each channel you can double-click on each CW Laser and enter the frequency value. To simplify this process of entering parameter values for each component you can user Parameter groups.
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Parameter groups table gives you access to relevant parameters for the WDM simulation such as Frequency and Power in only one place. This means you dont need to change the parameter by going to each component and entering the values for these parameters. From the main menu, select View/Parameter groups, or press Ctrl+5,
The values of the frequencies will be updated showing 8 frequency values:, from 193.1 THz to 193.8 THz.
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You should obtain the signal spectrum showing 8 channels equally spaced, the WDM Analyzer will also show the 8 channels, the average signal power for each channels is around 17 dBm for a resolution bandwidth of 0.1 nm.
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In order to calculate the system performance based on the number of Fibers and EDFA spans you can use the Loop Control. The Loop control allows you to set the number of times the signal will propagate in the components connected between the Loop Input and Loop Output ports. From the component library, go to Default > Tools Select Loop Control 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library. Connect the EDFA Ideal (the one connected to the Multiplexer) to the Loop Control input, Connect the Loop output port to the Nonlinear Fiber input, Connect the EDFA Ideal (the one connected to the Fiber) to the Loop input port.
The parameter Number of loops in the Loop control defines the number of round trips for the signal in loop. In the Loop control properties, set the value of the Number of loops to 3.
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You can also display the channel frequency values in the layout.
Figure 53 Demultiplexer
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Adding a receiver
After the demultiplexer we will include a photodetector, an electrical amplifiers and a Bessel filter. From the component library, go to Default > Receivers Library > Photodetectors Select Photodetector PIN 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library. From the component library, go to Default > Amplifiers Library > Electrical
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Select Electrical Amplifier 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library. From the component library, go to Default > Filters Library > Electrical Select Low Pass Bessel Filter 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library. Connect the first Demultiplexer output port to the Photodetector PIN, Connect the Photodetector output to the Electrical amplifier input, Connect the Electrical amplifier output to the Filter input. Set the electrical amplifier gain to 0 dB.
BER Analyzer
In order to calculate the system performance you can use the BER Analyzer. This component can predict the BER, Q-factor, threshold and Eye aperture. You can also obtain the BER patterns and the BER value in each point of the Eye diagram using 3D graphs. From the component library, go to Default > Visualizers > Electrical Select BER Analyzer 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the library.
The first input port of the BER Analyzer receives the binary signal. Connect the output of the first Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator to the first input port of the BER Analyzer.
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The second input port receives the original sampled signal, used to compensate the delay between the signals transmitted and the received. Connect the output of the first NRZ Pulse Generator to the second input port of the BER Analyzer. Connect the output port of the Electrical amplifier to third port of the BER Analyzer.
Graphs and Results In the BER Analyzer, select the Show Eye Diagram option
When opening the BER analyzer you will obtain the following graphs together with the Eye diagram: Q-Factor: this is the max value for the Q-Factor versus decision instant. Min BER: this is the min value for the BER versus decision instant. Threshold: this is the threshold value versus decision instant that gives the max Q-Factor and the min BER. Height: This is the Eye height for versus decision instant. BER Pattern: when enabled, shows the regions were the BER in the region is less than the user-defined values.
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The 3D graph is available in the graphs tab of the project browser: In the Main menu, select View > Project Browser, or press Ctrl+2, In the project browser, select the Graphs tab, In the tree with components, select the BER Analyzer, Expand the tree and select the BER Pattern 3D Graph, Right click on it and from the pop up menu select Quick View
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Now select the results Min. BER from the BER Analyzer in the Y coordinate source area. Click on Add button, the graph will be added to the Graphs tab in the project browser.
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Ctrl+2
Graphs
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Observe that for each iteration you will obtain different results, one for each value of input power. These steps are described in the Figure 70:
Figure 69 -Browsing through the parameter sweep iterations, the Eye diagram, and Q-Factor for each value of laser power
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Go to the Project Browser (Ctrl+2), Select the Graphs tab, In the Graphs tab, select the BER Analyzer 1.0 in the tree, Select the Q Factor graph, Right click on it, then select Add to view or Quick view
Observe that you will obtain a display with the graphs for all sweep iterations, one for each value of input power. These steps are described in Figure 70:
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For each design version we have three graphs showing the Output signal power, Gain and Noise figure versus the sweep parameter. These three graphs were combined into one view, this means we have four views: Gain, Noise Figure and Output power versus Length, signal power, pump power and wavelength.
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Let us examine the signal waveforms at the input, after the SMF and at the end of the span. One can observe that after the SMF the signal pulses are attenuated, broadened by a factor of approx. 2 and that there is considerable inter-symbol interference.
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Input
After SMF
Output
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After SMF
Output
Figure 83 -The results of the scripted calculations of a dispersion compensated link span
Chances are that this single link might be useful for building longer multi-span systems. In that case it is recommended to encapsulate it into a sub-system, which would later on allow reproducing the same combination of components quickly and efficiently. We create a new design version, selecting Design Version/ Add Design Version from the main menu of OptiSys and change its name to Amplified Dispersion Compensating Subsystem. After that we copy and paste all the components of Version 1 in it. Next, as shown in Lesson 2: Subsystems Hierarchical simulation, we select all the components, except the signal source and the booster amplifier (including or skipping the visualizers), and select Create subsystem from the right click context menu. Our layout collapses into the visual representation of a subsystem. First we create an output port in the subsystem by selecting Look Inside from the right-click menu and using the Output port tool. After that we can change the name of the new subsystem to something informative, for instance Amplified Dispersion Compensated Span, using the Component Parameters menu item.
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Let us now define a more complex waveform and perform the calculation. After that we can display and compare the input and output signals in terms of their amplitude and pulse shape.
Input
Output
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After that we multiplex their outputs using, for instance, two multiplexers and a 2x1 power combiner. The channels of the multiplexers should be accordingly adjusted to the wavelengths of the pumps, as shown for the case of the 8x1 multiplexer:
We arrive at the following layout and can now calculate and observe the compound output.
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After creating the subsystem as shown in Creating a Subsystem we copy and paste it two times. The two new instances of that subsystem will be used as signal sources in the region 1510 1630 nm. Let us change the names of the subsystems respectively to Multi-Line Pump 1400 1510 nm, Multi-Line Source 1510 - 1570 nm and Multi-Line Source 1570 - 1630 nm by double clicking their icons and filling the Label field in the parameter dialog box. Now we need to adjust the internal parameters of the two new subsystem instances in order to use them as signal sources. The following steps are the fastest way to do that: Right-click on the icon of Multi-Line Source 1510 - 1570 nm Select Look inside from the context menu. The internal details are displayed in the layout editor. Open the Parameter groups by clicking Ctrl-5. In the Group drop-down list select Power, in the Units drop-down list select dBm Click on Value button to select all values in that column Right-click on Value and select Assign Multiple from the context menu. In the dialog box that pops up enter 10.
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Next in the Group drop-down list select Frequency, in the Units drop-down list select nm Right-click on Value and select Spread from the context menu. In the dialog box that pops up enter 1510 for Start Value and 5.2 for Increment.
Now we have the necessary pumps and signals and can start building the Raman amplifier
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Figure 93 - Forward output spectrum of the amplified signals and the backscattered pump
It is seen that the gain of the device is relatively flat in a broad spectral region. The next lesson will show how to improve that feature further by using the optimization tools of OptiSys_Design.
Two 3D graphs of each type are supported for the forward and backward propagating signals respectively. The following picture shows the evolution of the gain experienced by the forward propagating waves. The high gain of the ASE in the shorter wavelength region (right) is due to the fact that it experiences both Rayleigh and stimulated Raman scattering in the field of the strong pumps.
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On the other hand it is clearly seen that the combined Raman amplification almost perfectly compensates for the fiber losses along the full length of the amplifier.
Figure 94 - The longitudinal evolution of the forward gain spectrum in the broadband gainflattened Raman amplifier
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It is immediately seen that optimal gain flatness of < 1 dB can be achieved using fiber lengths of approximately 25 km.
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It is informative also to display and analyse the superimposed forward output gain spectra obtained for the different values of the attenuation as shown in the following figure:
Figure 100 - Forward output gain spectra as depending on the attenuation of the fiber
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