Capacitors ( C )

Capacitor is a passive element that stores energy in the presence of an electric field. Symbol:

Application
o Temporary battery in electronic circuit o Signal coupling: Pass AC and Block DC; separate Ac and DC o Power factor correction o Motor-Starting Capacitors

Capacitance
C : Capacitance
A measure of the ability of a capacitor to store charge. Farad : Measurements Unit of C , A 1-farad capacitor can store one coulomb of charge at 1 volt. 1 F, is a big number. C, usually in F.

C=

Capacitors Formulas with Time-varying Source

() = ()

= 1 () =

0 = = 0 = ()
1 = 0 1 = 2 2

1 0

t> 0

+ 0

Energy Stored in Capacitor

Time Constants
= RC : Time takes the capacitor to charge to .63% of its final value or to discharge to .63% of its original value. It usually take 4-5 time constants to fully charge or discharge a capacitor.

Charging a Capacitor

Discharging the capacitor

Capacitors in Series

Capacitors in Parallel

Inductor ( L )
An inductor (also choke, coil, or reactor) is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field.

Inductance
The property of a conductor by which an electromotive force is induced in it as the result of a changing current. Measurement unit : Henry Symbol : L =

Inductors Formulas

() = 1 =

1 0

0 = = 0 = =
1 0

+ 0 0

1 2 2

Energy stored in an inductor

RL Circuit with DC source

Charging an inductor

Inductor in Series & Parallel

Series

Parallel