PRECIPITATION EQUILIBRIA AND TITRATIONS Solubility Equilibria - An equilibrium exists between an undissolved solute and its saturated solution

when the rate of precipitation equals the rate of dissolution. - For an ionic compound, MxAy (s) xM + yA Where M represents a metal cation and A an anion The mathematical description of this equilibrium is given by, Keq = (aM)x(aA)y / aMxAy(s) - For a pure substance a = 1 and that the activity of a dilute solution is approximately the same as its concentration, Keq = Ksp = [M]x[A]y Calculating Solubility - Solubility = the concentration of a dissolved solute at equilibrium with its undissolved form Effect of Common Ions