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.A / .( ';.', ,: .. top>;'!)'lX;, r.i"lm tr t . S ................ N .... ... tr '. 1.'ltANSLATOR'S PREF ACE. Du. WEIL hne stated in his Introduotion to these Legends, that he chiey extracted them from original Arabie rooords, whieh are still l'eceived by Mohn.- medans as the inspired biographies of the anoient patriarohs and prophete. It must still furt4er be added that the leading i(leas of these Mohamedan legends, i. e. their pro- minent bistorical narratives, and the dootrines and precepts whieh they either state expressly, or imply, are oontained in the Koran. In some instances it gives thcir minutcstpartieulars. Indeed it would Beem as if these legende formed part at least of "hat tbe founder of the Mohamedan faith terms "the mother of the book, " indicating that tbey preceded bis Koran in order of time, and embodied thc gorm of that faith whieh he subscquently dcvclopcd. A 2 iv PRElI'ACE. This idea is suggested by the ]earned Germm. compiler, and is corroborated by tbe fact tbat tbe legends were unknown to the Ambs before Mobamed began to preacb, w bile in the Koran be refers to them as already familiar to bis heil.rerB. But 1>0 this aB it may, it is oortain that tbe fact of tlleir leading idcas. being found in tbe Koran, investe tbem with divine authority to the faithful Moslem, for it is a primary artiele oe his creed tbat every tbing cOntained in the Koran is oe Allah. On first reading these legende it theref'ore occurrcd to tllo writer that thcy migbt be a valuable acquisition; as an epitome oe Mobamedan theology and morals. And their peeuJiar eharacter, their constant allusion to scriptural f'acts, with wbich most Bible readerS strongly identiCy themselves, their novel and gorgeoui and often sublime inventions, inve8ting tbem at onoe with the fidelity 01 historica1 detail, and the freshness and faseination of Oriental fietion, seem to fit them espeeially for popular instruetion. If it be asked wbat beneSt may be derived fron. promul- gating tbe tenete of a confessedly erroneous system, it is replied that a distinction ought to be observed between tbe false systems tbat bave ceased to be believed, and th086 which are still maintained. as divine truths by any portion of mankind. I>REFAOE. v It may be questioned whether e former ougbt at all. to be taugbt, although there are reuons wby even tbe exploded mytbology of tbe ancientB should be kllO\Vll; but respecting the BCcond claB8, to whicb the religion of Mobamed belongs, there sbould be but one opinion. Our Redeemer has committed to OB in part tbe propagation of bis holy faith, by wbich alone, he declal'es tbat mankind sball attain to that holiness, peace, and glory for wbicb they bave been created. The exhibition, therefore, in tbe stewards of the Gospel, of a false religion, in which, as in the Cl\8C before US, one hundred and twenty millions of our irumortal race are at this moment staking their ~ Cl\llllOt but Lc importallt, at onec to awakell within us feelings of deep and active clmrity for these be- nightcd multitudes,and to furuish uswiththe requisite intelligence for effectually combating their grievous errors with the weapons of truth. ' Should tbe public feel any interest in tbis work, tbc trallslator l)W'poscs, in a future volume, .to discuss the legendary principle at some length, and to show ,the aualogy of its practical working in tbe J ewish, tbe Mohamedau, and Roman Catbolic systems of 'religion. ... 3 INTRODUCTION. MOlLUlED has been frequently reproached with having altered and added most arbitmrily to the re- ligious history oE thc J cws and Christians, - two im. portant considcmtions not being horne in mind. In the first place, itis probable, that hamed learned only late in lire to write, or' even to rcad, the Arabic, and he was unquestionably ignorant of every other spoken or written language, as is sufficlcntly apparent from historioal testimony: hence . he was unable to draw from the Old and New Tes taments for himself, and WIIB restricted to oral instruction from J ews and Christians. Secondly, Mohamed hilDSelf declared both the 01d and N ew Testament, AB posscsscd by thc J ewe and Christio.ns his timc, to havo been fo.lsifie<l; and, consequently, bis own divine mission could be expectcd to agree with those writings only in part. But the turning-point on whicb the greo.ter portion of tlle Koran hinges, - the doctrine of thc unit!! of viii INTRODUOTION. God, a doctrinc which he embraccd with the utmost consistency, o.nd o.rmed witb wllich he appeo.rcd RS a prophet before the pagan Ambs, who were addicted to tbe most diversified Po!ytheism-appeared to him muoh obsourcd in thc Gospels, and he was tberefore f"ree(l to protest against tbcir genuincness. . But'with regard to the writings of the Jews of' the Old Testament, wbich he bad received from the moutb of bis J ewish contemporaries, he was induced to be- lieve, 01', at loost, pretended to believe, that tbey too had undergone many cho.nges, inasmueh as Ismaei, from whom bc wns sprung, Wl\8 ovidontly trcatcu therein as a stepchild, or as the son of a discarded slave, whereas Abraham's paternailove and solicitude, as weIl as the special favour of the Lord, were the exclusive portion of ISBac and his descendants. The predictions respecting the Messiah, too, as declared in the writings of the Prophets, appeared to him incom'; patible with the faith in himself 'as the seal of the Pro- phets. Moreover, Mohamed was probably indebted ~ r his religious education to 0. man who, abandoning the religion of Arabio., bis na.tive country, had sought refuge first in Judaism, and then in Christianity, though even in the latter he does not seem to ha.vc found perfeet satisfa.ction. This man, a cousin of his INTRODUCTION. ix \Vife Kadidja, urged forward by an irresistible desire after the knowledge of trutb, but, as bis repeated apostacies would serve to show, being of '11. soeptical nature, may ha.ve disoovered the errors that bad orept into all tbe religious systems of his time; ud baving extraoted from them that whioh was purely Divine, and freed it from the inventions of men, may bave propounded it to his w80iple, who, deeply afFeoted by its repeated inouloo.tion, at length feIt within himself a 'oall to beoome the restorer ofthe old and pure' religion. A J uda.ism without the many ritual and oeremoniallaws, whioh, acoording to Mohamed's deolaration, even Christ bad been called to abolish, or a Christianity witbout the Trinity, crucifixion, and BBlvation connooted therewith, - tbis was the Creed which, in the early period of his mission, Mobamed with unfeigned enthusiasm. It would 'be out of place here to exhibit in detail the' rapidly changing character both of Mobamed and his doctrincs ; but wha.t has been said appcared indis- pensable 1>y way of introduotion to the legende in thia work. With the exoeption of a few later additions, these legends are derived from himself. Thcir essential fea.tures are found even in tbe Koran, a.nd what ie merely alluded to there is carried out and x JNTBODUOTION. completed by oral traditions. Hence these legends occupy a twof'old place in Arabic literature. Tbc whole cirele of' the traditioDB, fl'Qm d a ~ to Christ, containing RI they do in the view of' MU88ulmana real and undisputod matten of fact, which aro connected with tho fn.te of all nations, forms .tbe foundation of tbe univenal bistory of mankind i wbile, on tbe otber hand, they are eapeciolly made use of as the biography of' tho Prophets wbo lived before Mohamed. It is therof'ore highly important to n.acertain tho ground from whicb tho lOurce of' these legends has sprung, Ind to show tho trnsforma.tion ~ h i c h thoy uDtlcr- went in order to serve as the fulcrum for the propa- gation of tbe faitb in Mobamed.. . . ncspecting the origin of these legende, it will appear from wht haa been aa.id, that, with tbe exception of thlt of Cbrist, it is to be found in J ewish traditions, whoro, aa will app0r by tbo numoroUB citations from the Midraeh, they are yot to be seen. Many traditions rOlpecting tho prophets of the Old Testament are found in tho Talmud, which was tben already eloeed, 80 that there can bo DO doubt tha.t Mohomcd board tbem from J ows, to whom they were lmown, eit1ler by Scripture or tradition. For tht these legende were the common property both of'Jews an.d Ambs cannot be presumed, INTRODUOTION. xi inasmuch aB Mohamed communicated them to the Arabs as something new, and specially revealed to himself; and inasmuch as the latter actually accused him of having received instruction foreigners. Besides Warraka, who after Mohamed's first appearance as 110 prophet, we know of two other individuals, who were well versed in the J ewish writinge, and with whom he lived on intimate terms; viz. Abd .Allah Ibn Salam, a learned J ew, and Sal- man the Persian, who had long lived among J ews and Chrietiane, and who, before he became a MUBBulman, was succeBBively 110 Magian, J ew, and Chrietian. The monk Bahim too, whom however, a.ccording to Ambic sourccs, ho only met once, on his joumey to Bozra, was a baptized J ew. All these legende must have made a deep impression on a religiolls. disposition like that of Mohamed, and have roused within bim ihe conviction .that at vanous times, when the depmvity of ltJ:te human race required it, GOD selected some pious individuals to restore them oncc more to the path of truth and goodness. And thus it might come to pass that, having no other object than to instruct bis contemporaries in the nature of the Deity, and to promote tl1eir moral and spiritual improvcmcnt, ho Inight dcsire to c10sc thc line of tho Prophots with himsclf
sU nJTaODUOTION. But theee legenda the moreespeoiaJIr furthered bis object, inaamuch 88 in all of them' tbe Prophets are more or less misundentood and by tbe mAdela; but, with the aid of God, are made to triumph 'in the ond. Thoy ware thcrefore intended by'hirn 10lene 88 0. warning 10 bis opponents, and 10 edify and comfort bis adherents. the legend of Abrahaui he must have seized and appropriated with pecu1iar avidity, on account ofits special use aso. weapon both against Jews and Chi-istians, wbile at tbe same'time it imparted I' cortain lustre 10 oll tbe nations of Arabia descending through lsmael from Abraham. It is difficult to find out with precision how much of thi. 188t legend was known in Arabia before Mo- bamed; but it is probable 800n as the' Arabs beca.me &cquamted witb tbe Scriptures and traditions of tbe J ews, they employed tbem in traciog down to Mohamed theorigin both ot'tbeir race and their'tem- pIe. But that they pOBSessed no bistorical information respecting it, will appear from the fact that, notwith- standing tbeir geneuJogical skill, they confess them- selves unable to trace Mohamed's aneestry beyond the twentieth generation. It is, bowever, quite evidetit not ooly that the legend. of Abraham aod lsmael, whicb related much that was favourable to'the latter, INTRODUCTION. xi 'COncerning which the Bible is silent, but that all the others in like manner were more or lese changed and 8Dlplified by Mohamed, and ndapted to his own pur- poses. We are, however, inclined to ascribe these modifications to the men by whom he was surrounded, rather thanto himself'; for we oonsider him, at least during the first period of bis mission, as the mere tool of certain Arabian reformers, mther than an indepen- prophet, or at a11 e'fents more as G dupe than a deceiver. Yet to him unquestionably belongs the highly poetical garb.in which we find these legends, and which was calculated to attract and captivate the imaginative minds of the Ambs much more than the dull Persian fables narmted by his opponents. In the of Christ, it is not diffi.cult to discover the news of a baptized Jew. He acknowledges in Christ the living W ord, and t.he Spirit of GOD, in oon .. . tradistinction to the dend letter and the empty nial into which J udaism bad then fallen. In the mira- colous birth of Chtlst there is nothing incredible to him, for was not Adam, too, created by the word of tlie Lord? He admits all the miracles of the Gospel, for bad not the earlier prophets also worked miracles? Even in tbo Ascension he finds nothing strange, for Enoch and Elias were also translated to heaven. But 'a xiv tbata we propbet ahould p1ace hiroaelf and bis motIler on a'level with tbe Moat Higb God ia repugnant to hi. viewe, andbe tberefore rejecta this doetrine as tbe bla&o pbemoua invention of the pl1(l8le, JIe rcfU8C8 also, in like manuer, to believe. the Cruclfixion, it appoon to bim to rooct upon tho juatioo of GOD, . aud tO conffict with the hiatory of propheta, wbom He bad delivered out of every danger. uNo man. ahall aufrer for the eine of bis neighbour," lILye tbe Koran: hence, thougb Cbrist might have fol lowed out his deaigna witbout tbe fear of death, it aeemod to hirn impoBBiblc tbat the Lord ahould liavc permitted Cbrist, the innocent, to die in so shameful a mauner for the ains of otbet: men. But he .. 8 a Saviour every prophet who by divine revela- !iona, ud an exempla.ry and pioua lifo, restores. man to tbe way of salvation whicb Adam bad abandoned at hia fall; and auch a aavionr bo bolieved bimeclf. to 00. Now, 'as tbe legend of Abraham was valuable tQ Mobamed, on acconnt of the pure and simple IeBBOn which it inculcated, as weil as for .. ita connection with tbe 8Croo things of Mecca, so be vruucd the . The reader is reminded oi what our 8&18 of all the righteous blood Bhed upon the earth &om the blood oi righteous Abel unto the blood oi Zachariu, the Bon 0; Bara. chiaa, who periahed between temple ud the altar.- E. T. INTnODUCTION. xv legend of Christ eepecially for its promiee of the Paraclete, wbioh. he believed or at least procJainied himself to be, and to wbioh appellation tbc. meaning ofl';s own nallle at lCl\8t furnished hirn with 0. better claim than some othere who bad artogo.ted it to them- selveebefore bim. Here again we peroeive that Mohamed was probably misinformed both by J ews and Chrietiane, -though perhaps from no sordid mo- tives. Some one; for inetanoe, , l\8 Mo.ooavio. has already obeerved, may have ,told bim that Christ bad spoken of a peryclete, - 0. word wbioh. is, synonymous with Ahmed (the muoh-praised one). At all events; in all the legende _ of the Mussulmen, Mohamed is doolnred even by the oldest prophets to be thegrcatest of all that Were *<> come (although there o.re' fewer tro.oos of this found in tbe Koran); and wherever, in the J ewish legends, Mosee, Israel, and -the Thora o.re prominently, brought forward, there the Mussu1mans plaoe Mohamed, 'the Arab8, and the' KOranl " Tbe name to wbioh they most frequently appeal as their vouoher, ie Kaah Alahbar, 0. Jew, who'emb:raeed Ialamislil duringthe oaliphate of Omar. Ag 'tranS- lations of the Koran abound in the 1an- it oonnot be diffioult fot thc reader to sop"'- rate tbose portions of these ,legende compOsed by 0.2 INTRODUOTJON. Mohamed from thoae which were lterwards' intel'-! IJOlated, but' whiehwei'e aaeribed' to him, and 8ee'nded to as aa.ered traditions. Tbe .. o.ral traditions' J"eBpeeting the aneient phets; which are put into Mohamed's mouth, , are 80 numcroUB, and 80me 01 them 80 eontradictory, that no hiatorian or biographer has been able' to admit them all It was therelore neceasa.ry to aeleet; and in order to make them in 80me d6gree complete, wo were obligcd to dmw from vlIoI'ious 8Ouroos, as it was only in this way that the unity and roundneas eould be obtained, in which thoy Il0l'0 hore prcsonted to tbo reader. Beaides the Koran and the eommeutaries upon it, the following MSS. have been made use 01 tor thie little work;- 1. Tbe book Chamis, by Husein Ibn Mohamed, Ibn Ahasur Addillol'bckri (No. 279. oE the Ambian MSS. in the library oE the Duke.oE Gotha), whieh, 88 the introduetion to the biography oE Mohamed, eontaina many legende respecting the aneient pro- phots, eapooially Adam, Abraham;. and Solomon. 2. The book' Daachimt Alulum wanatidjal Alfu- h1,1JD. (storehouse oE wisdom and fruits oE knowledgeh by Ahmed Ibn Zein' Alabidin Albekri (No. 285. of INTBODUOTIOlll'. " %Vll the above-mentioned MSS.), in which also the an- cient legende from Adam to Christ are prefixed to the History of Islam, and more cspecially the lives of Moses and Aaron minutely narrated. 3. A collection of legende by anonymous authors. (No. 909. of the same collection.) I 4. The Legende of the Prophets (Kiseat Alan- "bija), by Mul1&ll1med Ibn Ahmed Alkissai. (No. 764. of the Arabic MSS. of the Royal Library at Paris.) DAM (A UlItl80R NOAIJ, II AnRAIlAM JOSHPll MOSES AND AARON CONTENTS. AMUBL, D DAVI OLOMON QUEBN JOHN, MART, AND CHRIST 1 47 76 91 216 BIBLIOAL LEGENDS, FROll THE ARABIC, &c. &c. 'ADAM. (A. 1I0BAlDDAN LEGEND.) TBE most authentie recorda of antiquity which have come down to U8 state that Adam was created on Friday'af'ternoon, o.t the hour of Aasr.- Tho four DlOst cxaltcd IWgels, Go.briel, Michael, Ismfil, and Israil, were commanded to bring from 'the four corners of t.he earth the dU8t out of which.Allah formed the body of Adam, all &ave thc head and heart. For these He employed ex- . clusively the sacred earth of Mecca and Medina. from the very spots on which in later times the boly Kaaba and the sepulchre of, Mohamcd wcre erectcd. t The. hour or Assr is between noon and evening, and is Bct apart by the MUBSulman ror the performance of bis third daily prayer. t :Mohftmed, tho foundcr of Islam, WI\8 born in G7I A.D. at Mccen, whcre the KMba, thcn on ancicnt temple, WOB held in great vcncration. In 622 the idolaters of Mecca compelled B 2 A.DAH OREA.TED. Even before it was nnirnnted, Adam's benutiful form exeitecl the admiration of the nngels who were passing by the 'gates of Paradise, where Allah bad laid it down. But Iblis coveted man's noble form, and the spiritual and lovely expression of his countennncc, and snid, therefore, to his fellows, " How can this hollow piece of ea1'th be weIl pleasing in your sight? Nothing but weakness and frailty mny be expeeted of this ereature." When o.ll the in- , habitants of heaven, save Iblis, had gazed on Adam in long and silent wonder, they burst out in praises to Allah the Creator of the first man, who was so tall that when be stood ereet upon the eartb bis bead l'eaebed to tlle seventb heaven. ' Allah then direeted the nngels to bathe the Soul of Adam, which be bad ereated 0. tbousand years before bis body, in the sea of glory which proceedeth from himself, and commanded her to animate bis yet life- less form. The Soul besitated, for sbe was unwilling to excbange the boundless heavens for this narrow home; but Allah said, "Thou must animate Adam even agamst thy will; and as the punishment of thy disobediencc, thou shalt one day be separated from hirn also against tby will." Allah then breathed upon her with such violence thnt she rushed through the nostrils of A!lam into his bend. On reaching bis him to emigrate to Medina, where he died in June, 682. Vide (hBtmnu WeiU. MoAamed der PropAet, ,ei LebeR urul ,eiRe LeAre, tc. Stuttgart, 1843, 8vo. ADAM ANIMATED WITH LIFE. 3 eyes they were opened, and he saw the throne of Allah with the inscription, "There is but one GOD, and Mohamed is his Messenger." The Soul then ponctratcll to his CarB, anll he henrd tbc nngcls pmising Allah; thereupon bis own tongue was loosed, and he cried, "Blessed be t.hou, my Creator, the only One and Eternall" and Allah answered, "For this end wast thou created: thou and tl1y clescendants shaU worship me: so shall ye ever obtain grace and mercy;" The Soul at last pcrvadcd all the limbs of Adnnl; nnd whcn she lInd rcnchcd his fcct she gnve him the power to rise. But on rising he was obliged to shut his eyes, for a light shone on him from the throne of the Lord which he was unable to endure, and pointing with one hand townrds it whilst he shaded his eyes with the other, he inquired, "0 Allah I what :fIames arethose?"-"It is the light ofa prophet who shall descend from thee and appear on earth in the latter times. By my glory, only for his sake have I created thee and tbe whole world. In beaven his name is Ahmed t, but he sltall be called Moho.mcd on earth, and he sltall rcstorc mo.nkind from vicc nnd falsebood to tbc patb of virtue and truth. All created things were thcn aBscmbled beforc Adam, and Allah taught him the no.mes of all beusts, The Midraah Jalkut (Frankforton the 0.6469),81118 Rabbi Juda, tcacbcs tImt tbc world WDB crcated on I\Ccount oe thc mel'its oe Israel. R. II08ia (la1a it was ercatellon I\CCOUllt oe thc 'fhorA (the LAW); ood R. Baro.cbia, Oll nccount of tbc merits oe )loses, t The much-prrusoo One. B 2 ,4 TUE FALL OF SA.TAN. of birds, and of flsb, tbe manner in wbieh thoy Are sustainccl amI prol)ngatec1, anel CX1)It\inclI tbeh Ileell- liarities, ~ the ends of their. exietence. Finally, the angels were convoked, and Allah commanded them to bow down to Adam, as tbe most free anel perfeet of His creatures, and as tbe onlyone tbat was animated by His breath. Israfil wns thc first to obey, wbence Allah eonfided to bim tbe book of fate. The other an- gels followed bis example: Iblis alone was disobedient, saying witll disdain, "Shall I, who am ereated of fire, worship a being formed of the dust?" He was therefore expelled from Heaven, tind tbe entranee into Paradise was forbiaden him. Adam breatbed more frecly aftcr tbe removal of Iblis, and by command of Allah, be addressed' tbe myriads of angels, wbo were standing around bim, ''in pmise of Hia omnipotence and tbe wonders of His uni verse : anel on tbis occnsion he manifcsted to tbe angela that be far surpassed them in wisdom, and more espeeially in tbe knowledge of languages, for be knew tbe name of every created thing in seventy different tongues. Whcl\ thc Lord intended to create man, he consulted with the angela, and anid to tl1em, U We will crcate man after our Image." But t1&c1 rcplicd, U Wlmt I. man, that thou an mlndful of him P What are his cxccllencies P " He laid, U His wisdom exceeda your own." HI! then took ali kinds of wild beasta anlt birlla, and when he asked the angela to give their names, tbcY were not able to do 10. After the creation, he brougltt these animala to Adam, "ho, OD being asked their G After thie disoourse, Allah presented him, ttm,ugh Gabriel, with a buneh of grapes from Paradise; and when he bad eaten them he . .fell into a deep sIeei)' Tbc Lortl thon took n. rib from Adlun's aide, and formcd tI. woman of it, whom he called Hava [Eve], fot he eaid, I have taken her from (hai) the living. She bore a perfect resembIimce to Adam: but her features were more delicate than bis, her eyes shone with 110 sweeter lustre, her hair wo.S longer, and divided into seven hundred braids: her form was lighter, and her voice more soft and pure. While Allah was endowing Eve with every female charm, Adam was dreaming of a second human being resembling himself. N or was this strange, for bad he not seen all the creatures which had been presented to him in pairs? When therefore hc o.wokc, and found Eve near him, he desired to embmce her; yet, aJ .. though her love oxceeded his own, she forbade him, and eaid, "Allah is my lord; it is only with his permission timt I may be thine I Besides, ~ is not meet that a ,voman should be wedded without a mnrrin.ge gift." Adam then prnyed the angel Ga- briel to intcrecde for him with Allah, thllot he might obtain Eve for his wife, and to inquire what marriage gift would be demanded? Tbe angel soon returned, and eaid, "Eve is thine, for Allah has created her namcs, replied immediately, This ia an ox, this an asa, tbat a lIone, a CIU1lel," &0. (Compa.re Geiger, Was hat Mohamed aua dem Judenthum aufgenommen, p. 99, &0.) D a TUE ENTRANCE INTO PARADIBE. only for thee I Love her aB thyself, and treat her with indulgence and kindnes8. Tbe marriagc gt which he requires of thee is, that thou shouldst pray twenty times for Mohamed, bis beloved, whose body shall one day be formed out of thy flash and blood, but Wh086 80ul 1mB dwelt in Allah's presepoo many t40uslU1(1 YClll'S bcfol'C thc cl'cntion of thc worltl." Ridwban, tho guardian of Eden, came lcruling Meimun the winged horso, and a fleet she-cameL one he presented to the other to Eve, The angel Gabriel assisted them in mounting, anct conducted thcm to Paradisc, whoro all tbo angels nn<l animals prcsent salutcd thcm with thc words, "Haill ye parcnts of Mohamed I " . In the midst of there stoocl a green silken tent, on golden pillars, and in 14e midst of it there was a throne, on which Adam seated himself with Eve, whereupon thc curtains of the tent closed around them of their own accord. When Adam and were afterwards walking through' the garden, ('"Tft,briel co.me and commande<l The idea that many things exiated before the creation oC the world ia purely Jewiah. The MUBBulmen adopted it. Some oC tbem maintaincd that the Koran had existed before the world, wbicb IUlBcrtion cxcited many bloocly contests among them. The Midrl\8b J R1kut, p. 7" aRylit Suyen things WUI'U in Ilxlatonco berure the creation of the world: tbc 'I'hora, Rupcntancc, l)aradiae, Hell, the 'I'hrone of God, tbe name of tbc MeBBiab, and the holy Temple. Some maintain that the throne and tbe Thora really exiated, wbile the Lord only thought of the other five before he created the world. THE PROIDBJTION. 'I them in the name of Allah to go and bathe in one of the four rivers of Paradisc. Allah himself then said to thOIO, "I lmve appointod tbis ~ n for your abode; it will sheIter you from cold Dmi hoot, from hunger and tbirst. Take, o.t your diScl'Ction, of every thing tImt it contains; only one of i,ts fruits shall bo denied you. Beware that ye transgress not this one command, and watch against the wily rancour of Iblis I He is your enemy, because he wo.s overthrown on your account; bis cunning is infinite, and he aims o.t your destruction." The newly-created pair attended to Allah's words, and lived a long time, some say five hundred yea.rs, in ParadiSe without approaching the forbidden tree. But Iblis also bad listened to Allah, and resolving to lead Inan into sin, wandercd constantly in tho outskirts of heaven, seeking to glide unobservedly into Para- disc. But its gates were shut, and guardedby tho angel Ridwhan. One day the peacock oome out of the garden. He was then the :finest of the birds of Paro.dise, for his plumoge shone like pco.rl and eme- rald, o.nd his voice wo.s so melodious tho.t he wo.s ap- pointcd to sing tho praises of Allah daily in the main streets of heaven. Iblis, on seeing him, 811.id to himself, " Doubtless this beautiful bird is very vain: perhaps I may be ablo to induce him by flattery to bring me sec1'etly into tho gl\l'den." When tbe pea.cock bOO gone so far from the gates B 4. ~ 8A.TAN'S ATTEHPT . that be could no longer be overbeard by Ridwhau, Iblis snid to him,- "Most wonderful and beautul bird I an thou 01 tbe birds of Paradise?" "I am ; bot wbo art thou, wbo seemest trightened as if BOme one did pursue tbee?" "I am one of those cherubim who aro appointed to sing without oeasing tbe praises of Allah, but have glided .way for an instant to visit the Paradise "hich he has prepared for the faithful. Wilt thou conceal me under thy beautul wings?" "Why should I do an act which must bring the flisplcasure of Allah upon me?" "Take roc with thoe, charming bird, and I will teach thee three rnysterious words which shall preserve tbee from sickness, age, and death." "Must then the inhabitants of Paradise die?" " All, without exception, wbo know not the three words which I posseSB." " Speakest thou the truth?" "ny Allah the Almighty'l" The peacook believed him, for he did not even drearn that any creature would swear falsely by its maker; yet, fearing lest Ridwhan rnight soarch him too 0108011 on his return, he stoadily refusod to fnke Iblis along with him, hut promisod to send out the serpent, who might more easily discover the means of introducing him unobservedly into the garden. N ow the serpent was at first tbe queen of all beasta. TUE PEAOOOIt AND TUE 8ERPENT.9 Her bead was like rubies, o.nd bel' eyes llke emerald. Her skin sbone like 0. mirror of various bues. Her hair was soft llke that of 0. noble virgin ; o.nd ber fonu resembled the stately camel; ber breatb was 8WCCt like musk o.nd amber, o.nd 0.11 her words wcre songs of praise. Sbe fed on saffron, and ber resting- places were on tbe blooming borders of the beautiful Cantharus. She was crea.ted 0. tbousand years before Adam, o.nd destined to be tbe playmate of Eve. "This fair and prudent being," Slloid tbe peacock to himaelf, "must be even more desirous tho.n I to remain in eternal youth and vigour, and will un- doubtedly dare the displeasure of Ridwhan at the price of the three invaluable words." He was right in bisconjeeture, fornosooner bad he informed tbeserpent of his adventure tho.n ehe exclaimed, "ean it be so P slmll I bo visitcd by dco.tM sho.ll my breo.th oxpu'OP my tongue be po.ra1ysed P and my limbs become im- potent P shall my eyes and eo.rs be closed in night P and this noble form of mine, shall it perish in the dust ?-never, neverl-even if Ridwhan's wrath ehould light upon me, I will hasten to tbe cherub, and will lead him into Po.radise, so he but teach me the three mysterious words." The serpent ro.n forthwith out of the gate, and Thlis repeated to her wbat he bad Slloid to the peo.cock, confirming bis words by an oath. One of the rivers of Paradise. B /; 10 TBE TEHPTATION. "How can I bring thee into Paradise unobserved?" inquired the serpent. " I will contract tnyself into so smollo. hulk that I shall find room in 110 cavity of thy teeth I" "But how sholl I answer Ridwhan if he addresses mc?" "Fear nothing; I will utter holy names that wU render him speechlcBB." The serpent then opened. her mouth-Iblis ew into it, and bimself in the ho11ow part of her front teeth, poisoned them to all eternity. When they had passed Ridwhan, who was. not able to utter 0.. sound, the eerpent opened her mouth again, expecting timt the cherub would resume bis natura1shape, but Iblis pl'cfcfl'cd to remo.in whorc ho was, and to speo.k to Adam from the serpent's mouth, and in her name. After some resistanoo, she consented, from real: of Ridwhan, o.nd from her anxiety to obtain thc rious worde. Arrived at Eve's tent, Iblis heo.ved a deep sigb :.-the first whioh cnvy had f:rom IIony living brenst. " Why art thou so O8t down to-day, my beloved serpent?" inquircd Evo, who bad hoard the sigh. " I iun anxious for the future destiny of tbee and of thy replied Iblis, imitating the voiea of tho sCl'pent. " How? do wo not P088CSS in thcso gal'dens of Eden 0.11 tImt we can desire ?" " True: and yet the best of the fruits of this TILE TEMPTA.TION. 11 garden, and tbe only one which can procure you perfeet felicity, is denied y o u ~ "Ho.ve we not Fruits in abundance, of every taste and colour; why should we regret this one ?" . " H thou knewcst why this Fruit is denied you, alt the reat would afford thee no pleasure." " Knowest thou the reason?" " I do; and it is precisely this knowledge which fills my haart with care; for while all the fruite which are given you bring with them weakness,discasc, old age, and death, that is, the entire cessation of life, this forbidden fmit alone bestows eternal youth and vigour." "Thou hast never spken of these things until now, beloved serpent; whence derivest thou this knowlcdgc ?" "An angel informod mo of it wbollll mot under tho forbidden troe." Eve answcrcd, ce I will go and speak with him; " and leaving her tent, she hurried towards the tree. On the instant, Iblis, who knew Eve's euriosity, sprang out of the serpent's mouth, and was stand- ing under the forbidden tree, in tbe shape of an ange1, but with a human face, before Eve had reached it. "Who art thou, singular being," she inquired, " whose like I have never seen? " " I WI\8 man, but bl\Ve become an angel." " Dy what means? " DG 12 TUE l!'OBBIDDEN TBEE. " By eating of tbis blessed fruit, wbich an enviou8 God bad forbidden me to taste on pain of death. I long submitted to bis oommaud, untll I became old and. frall; my eyes lost their lusu-e and grew dim, my ears no longer heard, my teeth deoayOO, and ~ could neither eat without pain, nor speak with distinct- nass. My hands trembled, my feet shook, my head hung down upon my breast, my back was bent, and my whole appearanee became at last so frightful 'that all the inhabitants of Paradise 1100 from Me. I then longed for death, and expecting to meetit byeating of this fruit, I stretched out my bands and took of it, but 10! it had sca.rcely touched my lips, when I beca.me strong and beautifill o.s at first; and thougb mauy tbousand years bave sinee e1apsed, I 11m not sensible of the slightest change either in my appeu- anee or in my energies." " Speakest thou the truth ? " " By Allh, who created Me, I do I " Eve trusted to bis oath, aud plucked an ear of the wheat-tree. N ow before Adam's sin, wheat grew upon the finest tree of Paradise. Its trunk was of gold, ~ t brauches were of silver, and its leaves of emerald. From every brauch there sprung seven ears of ruby, each ear oontained five grains, and every grain wo.s wbite as snow, 8Wect o.s honey, fragrant as musk, and as !arge as an ostrich's egg. Eve ate one of theso grains, and finding it more pleasant than aU TUE .FALL. 13 ahe had bitherto tasted, she took a second one and presented it to her husband. Adam resisted long - our doctors _y, a wbole hour of paradise, whioh means eigbty years of our timo on oorth; but whcn ho obscrvcd tImt Evo rc- mained fair and happy as before, be yielded to ber importunity at last, and aat the second grain of wheat whioh she had bad oonstantly with ber, and presented to him three times every day. Sco.rccly bad Adam rcecived thc fl'uit, when his crown rosa towards hea.ven - bis l'ingS fell from his fingers, and bis silken robe dropped from bim. Eve 100 s100d spoiled of her ornaments and naked before hini, and they heard how all these things cried to them with one voiee, "W oe unto you I your calamity is great, and your mourning will be long - we were created for the obedient only - farewell until the re- surrcetion I " - The throne which bad been erected for them in the tent thrust them away and eried, " Rebels, depart I" The horse Meimun, upon whioh Adam attempted to :8y, would not suft'er him to mount, and said, "Hast thou thus kept tbe eovenant of Allo.h?" All the crea.turcs of Paradiso then turned from them and besought Allah to removo tbo bunum pair from tImt hallowed spot. Allah himself addressed Adam in a voiee of thunder, andsaid, "Wast thou not eommandcd to abstain from this froit, nnd fore- warnod of tho cunning of Iblis, thy foe?" . Adam 14. TBB to :flee hom these upbmidings; alid Eva would have followed him, but he was held fast by the branches of the tree Talh, Eve wns en- tangled in her own dishevelled hair, while a voice from the tree exclaimed, "From the wmth of Allah there is no escape - submit to hisdivine decree! Leave this pnmdisc," continucd Allah, in tones of wrath, "both you Illld the crcnturcs which have aeduced you to "transgress: by the sweat of your brow alone shall you earn your bread - the earth shall henceforth be your abode, and its possessions shall fill your hearts with envy and malice! Eve shall be visited with all kinds of sickness, and haar children in pain. The peacock shnll be deprived of bis voice, Illld the serpent of her feet. The darkest eaverns of the earth shall be her dwelling-place, dust . shall be her food, and to kill her bring sevenfold reward. But Iblis shall depart into the etema.l pains of hell." Hereupon tbey werc hurled down f100m Paradise with such precipitancy that Adam 1lll<1 Eve could scarcelysno.tch aleaffromone ofthe trees wherewithto cover themselves. Adam was flung out through the. Gate of RepenWice, teacbing him tha.t he might return through contrition; Eve through the Gate of Mercy; the pencock Illld the serpent th100Ugh the Gate of W roth, hut Iblis through tl1at of tbe Cursc. Adam came down on the island Serendib, Eve on . Djidda., the serpe.nt fell into the Sahara, the peacock; REMOBSE OF .ADAM .A.ND EVE. 15 into Persia, and Iblis dropped into the torrent Alla. When Adam touehed the emh, the eagle said to tho whale, with whom he bad bitherto lived on friOllclly tOl'ms, 1\1111 had whilCll awny IDany an hour in pleasan.t convcrse on the shores of the Indian Ocean: "W e must now part for ever; ror the lowest depths of the BOa and the loftiest mountain- tops will henceforth soa.rcely preserve us from the CUllDing and malice of men." Adam's distrcss in his solitude was BO groat that his beard began to grow, though bis face had hitherto been smooth; and this new appearance in- creased bis grief until he heard a voice wbieh said to him: "The beard is the ornament of man upon the en.rth, and distinguishes him from the weaker womall." Adom shed such an abundance of tcars that all bcasts and birds satisfied their thirst tbcrewith; but BOme of them sunk into the earth, and, as they still contained BOme of the juices. of bis food in Paradise, produccd the most frngrant trees and. spices. Evo olso was desolate in Djidcln, for shc did not BOO Adom, olthough he was so tall tbat bis head touched thc lowest heavon, and thc BOngB of the angele were distinct1y audible tohim. She wept bitterly, and her tears which flowed into the ocean were ehangcd into costly pClU'ls, whilo those which fcll on thc enrth brought ferth aU beautiful flowers. 16 SYMPATHY. Adam and Eve Iamentcd so loudly that the aast wind carried Eve's voice to Adam, while thc west wind bore his tO' Eva. She wrung her hands over her head, which wornen in despair are still in the habit of doing; while Adam laid bis right hand on his beard, which custom is still followed by men in sorrow unto this day. Tbe tears flowcd at last in such torrants from Adam's eyes, that those of his right eye sta.rted the Euphrates, while thosc of bis.left set the Tigris in motion. All nature wept with him, and the birds, and beasts, and insects, which bad fled from Adam by reason of his sin, were now touchcd by his lamenta- tion&, and came back to manifest their sympathy. First came the locusts, for they were formed out of the earth which remained after Adam was created. Of these there are seven thousand difFerent kinds of every . colour and size, some even as large as an eagle. Tbey are govemed by a. king, to whom Allah reveals bis will whenever he intends to chnsten a wicked people, such aB, fQr instance, the Egyptians ware at the time of Pharaoh. . Tbc black letters on the back of their wings are ancient Hebrew, and sign'y, "There is but one only God. He over- comes tho mighty, and tho locusts al'O llt\l't of His armies, which he sends against sinners." When at last the whole universe grew loud with and all created beings, from the &mallest dROY TO AD..ut. 1'1 inset up to the angela who hold whole worlds in one band, were weeping with Adam, Alla.h sent Gabriel to him with the words which were destined to savo also tlle prophet J onah in the wllole's ha11y : - CI There is no God besides thee. I have sinned; forgive me through Mohamed, thy last and greatest prophet, whose name is engraved upon thy holy throne." AB soon llB Adam bad pronounccd th08e words with penitent hen.rl, the portols of heaven were opened to him again, and Gabriel cricd, CI Allah 1ms a.ccepted thy repentance. Pray to him, and he will grant oll thy requests, and even restore thee to Paradise at the appointed time. Adam prayed: CI Defcnd me against the future artifices of Iblis DlY foe I" Alla.h replied : - " &y continuolly there is no God but one, and thou shalt wound him as with a poisoned arrow." " Will not the meats and drinks of the earth, and its dwellings ensnare me P" . " Drink water, eat clean animals slain in the name of A.lla.h, nnd build mosqu08 for thy abode, so shall Iblis have no power over thee." "Dut if he pU1'8ue me with evil thoughts and dreams in the night P" " Then rise from thy couch and pray." " Oh, Allah, how sholl I always distinguish be- t\Vccn good and evil?" 18 IIEBey TO EVE. "I will grant thee my guidance - two ange18 sholl dweIl in thy hoart; 0110 to warn tbeo ngMnst sin, the other to lead thee to the practioo of good." " Lord, assure me of thy pardon also for my future eins. " " This thou ennet only gnin by works of rightcous- ness t - I sholl punish sin but onoo, and reward sevenfold the good which thou shalt do." At the same time the angel Michael was sent to Eve, announcing to her also the mercy of Allah. " With what weapons," inquired she, "sholl I who am wcak in heart and mind fight ngainst sin ?" " Allnh hns onduetl tIleo with tho feeling of sbnmo, and through its power thou shalt subdue thy pas- sions, even as man conquers bis own by faith." " Who shall protect me ngainst the power of man, who is not only stronger in body and mind, but whom also the law prefers as heir and witness?". . "His love and compassion towards thec, whlch I have put into his heart." . "Will Allah graut me no other token of his favour?" "Thou shalt' be rewarded for 811 the pains of motherhood, and tlle death of a woman in childbed slllill be a.ccounted ns martyrclom." Iblis, emboldened by the pardon of .the human pair, ventured also to pray for a mitigation of bis sentenee, and obtained its deferment until the re--: MEROY TO SA.TAN. 19 surrection, as well as an unlimited power over sinners who do not accept the word of .A.llah. ce Where shall I dwell in the mean time?" said he. " In ruins, in tombs, and all other unc1ean places shunncd by man I" " What shall be my .food ?" " All things slain in the name of idols." " How shnJl I quench my thirst ?" " With wine and intoxicating liquors I" " Whn.t shall occupy my lcisurc hours ?" " Music, song, lovc-poctry, and dancing." "What is my watchword?" "The curse of Allah until the day of judg- ment. " " But how shall I contend with man, to whom thon hast granted two guardian angels, and who has rc- ccivcd thy revelation ?" " Thy progeny shall be more numerous than his - for every man that is born, there shall come into the world seven evil spirits - but they shall be powerless against the faithful." Allah then made a eovenant with the desccnd .. ants of Adam. He touched Adam's back, and 10 I thc whole human family which shall be born to the end of time issued fonh from it, as small as ants, and ranged themselves right and left. At the head of the former stood Mohamed with the pl'ollhets and thc rest of tho faithful, whose radiant whitenC88 distinguished t h ~ from thc sin- 20 . 'THE COVENA.N'1'. - nen who were sto.n.ding on Adatn's left, hended by KabU [Cain], tbo murocrer of his brotbor. Allah then acquainted the progenitor of Jt1aIl with the names and destinies of ea.eh individual; and when it came to King David the prophet's turn,. to whom was origina1ly B8signed a lifetime of only thirty yenn, Adam inquired, "How many yet\1'8 ,",c appointed to me?" " One thousand," was the answer t K I will renounce seventy if thou wUt &dd them to the life of David t" .Allah consented; but aware of Adam's forget- fulness; directed this grant to be recoroed on a parcbmcnt, which G-abricl anel Miclmcl signc<1 R8 witnesses. t A1loh then med to the assembled humo.n. family, that I am the only God, and that Mo- Nine hundred and thirty yeara wal the liCetime of Adam according to Gen. v. 3. t Tho Lord ahowcd to Adam every future generation, with their heads, sages, and Bcribea. He saw that David was deatlned to live onl, three hours, and aaid, "Lord and Creator of the worId, is thia unalterably fixed P" The Lord answered,- " It was my original design!" " How many years shall I live P" .. One thouaand." " Are grants known in IIeaven P " " Certainly I" . , " I grant then aeventy years or my liCe t.O David I" What did Adam therefore do P lIe gave a written grant, Bet his seal to it, and the same was done by the Lord and MetaUon. -M"ulraIA Ja1Jcvt, p. 12. TBE TEIU'LE. 21 bamed is my messenger. " The h08ts to the right mode their oonfession immediately; but those to thc left hesitated, some but one half of Allah'. "oli1s, amI others l'elllo.iniug cntirely And Allah oontinued: _ce The disobedient and impenitent shall suft'er thc pains or cternal fire, hut thc faithful shaJI be blessed in Paradise I" "So be it I" responded Adam; who shall call every man by name.in thc day of the rcsulTootiOn, and pronounce bis scntenoo acoording 8 tbe balance of justiee shnll deeide. When the oovenant was ooneluded, Allah onoe more touched Adam's back, and the whole human mce returned to him. And when Allah was now about to withdraw bis pl'cscnce fol' tbc whole or this life from Adam, the latter uttered so loud a ery, that the wbole earth mook to its foundatioDB: the All-merciful thereupon extended bis clemeney, and said-" Follow yonder eloud, it shall lead thee to the place which lies di- reetly opp08ite my heavenly tbrone; huild me a temple thore, and when thou walkest nround it, I sball hc as near to thee as to the angels which en- COlllPass my throne I" A(lam, who still rewned bis original stature, in a few houre madc the journey from Indio. to Mecca, wbere tbc elond whieb bad eonduetcd him stood still. On Mount Al'afa ncar Meeca, be found to bis great joy Eve his wife, whence also this mountain (from 22 REUNION. Arafa, to know, to recognise,) <lerives its name. Tbey immediate1y began to build atempie witb four gates, and they caJled the first . gate, the gate of Adam; the second, tlle gate of Abraham; the third, the gate 01 lamael; and tho fourth, tbe gaie of Mohame<l, The plan of the building they 1100 received from the angel Go.briel, who hOO at tbc same time brought tbem a large diamond of exquisite brightness, which was afterwards sullied by the sins of men, and at last became entirely black. This black stone, the most sacred treasure of the blessed Kaaba, was origin,nlly the angel wbo guarded the forbidden tree, and was eharged to warn Adam if he should approach it, but having neglected l ~ trust, he was changed into a jewcl, and at the day of judgment he shall resume bis pristine form and return to the holy angele. Gabriel then instructed Adam in all the ceremonies of pilgrimage, precisely as they were instituted by Mohamed o.t 1\ later period ; nor was he pcrmittcd to hehold Eve bis wife until the evening of Thursday, when the holy days were ended. On the following morning Adam returned with bis wife to Indio., and abode there during the re- mainder of bis l i ~ But he went every yeal' on 1\ pilgrimo.ge to Mecca, until he at last lost his original size, retaining a height of only sixty yards. This diminution of his stature, according to the tradition of the learned,. was caused by the excessive terror and OAIN AND ADEL. 23 grief which he experienced in consequence of the murder of Abel For Eve bad horn him two sons, whom he named Kabil and Habil [Cnin and Abel], and several daughtcrs, whom he gavc in maniage to their brothers. The fo.ircst of them he intendcd for Abel, but Cain was displcased, and desired to obtain her, though he had a wife already. Adam referred the dooision to Allab, and said to his sons, "Let each of you oft'er a sacrifice, and he to whom Allah vouchsafes a sign of acceptance shall marry her." Abel oft'ered a fatted ram, and fire came down from heaven and consumed it; but Cain brought some fmim, which remained untouched upon the altare He was thereupon filled with envy and hatred towards Ws hl'otbel', but knew not how he might destl'oy bis life.- Ono day Iblis placcd lmsclf in Cain's ,way, o.s 1m walked with Abcl in tho field, and seizing a atona shattered therewith the head of an approaching , wolf; Cain followed his example, and with a large eain and Abel divided the world between tbem, tbe one ta1rlng posae&sion of tbe movable, and the other of the im- movable:t>roperty. Cain said to his brother, "Tbe emh on whieh thou standest is mine, tben betake thyself to the Air ;" but Abel replied, "Tbe garments ",hieb thou wearest Are ruine, tUe them off I " Tbere arose a eonfiict between them, whieb ended in Abel's death. R. Huna teacbes, They contended for a twin .ister of Abel's : tbe latter claimed her beeause she WDS born with him; but Cain pleaded bis right of primogeniture. - KulrtJlA. p.lI. 24 DEATH OF ABEL. stone struck his brother's forehead ti11 he fell lifcles! to the ground. Iblis thcn Il.8sumcd tho shnpo of n. raven, and having killed another raven, dug a hole in the earth with h i ~ bill, and laying the dead one into it, .oovered it with the en.rth which he had dug up. Cain did the same with bis brother ., so that Adam was long in ignomncc of the fate of bis son, and shrunk together through care and sorrow. It was not until he bad fully learned what had befallen Abel, !hat he resigned himself to the will of Allah, and was oomforted. N ow tbc disccvery of Abel's oorpse took plo.ce in this wise : - 8ince his expulsion from Eden, Adam had lived on wild berbs, fruits, and meat, whon o.t .A110.h's oommand the angel Gabriel brought him the re- maining grains of wheat which Eve had plucked, a yoke of oxen, the vanous implements of husbandry, and instructed him in ploughing, sowing and renping. . The log whicb bad watched Abers flocks, guarded also bis C<!rpse, protooting it ogainst tbe beRSts and birds oC proy. Adam and Eve aat beaide it, and wept, not knowing what to do. :aut a raven, whose !Hend bad died, said, "I will go and teacb Adam wbat be must do with his son." It dug a grave and laid the dead raven in it. When Adam saw this be said to Eva, " Let us do the same with our child." 'rhe Lortl rewarded the raven, and no one is allowed thercforc to harm their YOllng; tbcy bave Cood in abundance,. nnd their cry Cor rain is always ~ ~ R. Johanan teaches, eain was not aware oC tbe Lord's knowlec1ge oC bidden tbings; he tbereCore buried Abel, and re- plied to tbe Lord's inquiry, "Wbere is Abel, tby brot.ber P" "Am I my brother's keeperP"-Midra&A, p.11. nREAD,TBE CllIEF FOOD OF MAN. 25 While he was one day working in the field, bis plough suddenly stopped, nor were all the exertions oe bis cattle able to move it. Adam struck the oxen, nnd tbc cldcst of thelD 8id to bim: "Why dost thou atrike mc P did .Allah atrike thee when thou WOBt dieobedient?" Adam prayed. " 0 Allah I after thou hast (or- given my ein; sOO11 every beast of the ficId be per- mittcd to reprove Dle P " Allah beard him,. and from thnt moment thc brute cl'ention lost tbc power of speech. Mennwhilc, as the plough still rcmained immovable, Adam opened tb.e ground, n.nd found the still distinguisOOble remams of his 80n Abe). At tbc time of harveet, Gabriel come again and instruetcd Evc in mnking brcn.d. Adam than built an .oven, llnd Go.bricl bl'ougbt fire froD:l bell, but first wOBhcd it scvcnty times in the sea, otberwise it WQuld have consumed thc earth with all tbat it contained. When the bread WOB baked, he said to Adam: "This shall be thy and thy children's chief nou- rishment. " Altbough Adam Imd sbcd 80 many teare over the labour of the plough, that thcy served instead of rain to moisten. and to fructify the seed, yet were bis d ~ d n t s doomed to. still greater toil by reason .of their iniquities. Even in the days of (Enoch) Idris, thc grain of wheat was no lnrger than a goose's egg: in thosc of Elias it shrunk to the size of a C 26 TUE FORGOTTEN GRANT. hen's egg: whcn tbe Jews n.ttemptcd to kill Christ, it bccnmc liko 11. pigeon's cgg; Md, finnlly, undcr U zier's (F..sdms's) role it took its present bulk. ''V"hen Adam Md Eve were fuUy instructed in n.griculture ItIld cookery, the angel Gabriel Lrought a lamb, and taught Adam to kill it in the name of Alln.h, to shcnr its wool, to strip its hidc, nnd to tan it. Eve spun and wove under the IUlgel's direction, making a veil for herself, and a garment for Adam, and hoth Adam and Eve imparted thein- formation which they had received. from Gabriel to their grandchildren and great-grandchildren, in number forty, or aooording to others, seventy, thousn.nd. , After the death of Abel and eain, the latter of whomwas slain by the blood-avenging angel, Eve gave bilth to a third son, whom ehe called Sheth; he became the father of many sons and daughters, snd js the ancestor of 11.11 propbet&. Tbe 930th year of Adam's life CI!le at last to its close ; and tbe Angel !lf Deatb appeared" to him in the shape of an unsightly he-goat, and demanded his soul: 'while tbe earth opened under bis feet, and demnnded bis body. Adam trembled with fear, arid said to tbe Angel of Deatb, "Allah bas promised me a lifetime of a tbousand years: thou hast cOme too soon." ~ Hast thou not granted seventy years of thy life to David ?" replied tbe Angel. Adam denied it, for he bad indeed forgotten tbe clrcumstance; but the Angel of Death DEATll OF ADAM AND EVE. 27 arew {orth {rom bis beard the parchment in which the grant was written, and spread it out before Adam, who, on seeing it, willingly gave up bis souL His son Sbctb woshcd nnd buricd him, a.ftcr thnt Gabriel, or, according to others, Allah himself, bad pronounced a. blessing. Tbe same was done with Eve, who died in tbe following yea.r.. In regard to the places of their burial, the lea.rned dift'cr. Some have namcd Indin; other tmditiODS fix on Mount Kubeis, nnd even on J erusalem. Allah ruone is omnisclent. . cl 28 IDRIS, OB ENOCIL IDitIa, or Enooh, was the son of J arid, the son of Mnhlalel, but was oalled Idris, frorn darasa (to stucly), for he was oonstantly occupied with. the study of tbc holy books, both those whieh Allab bad revenled to Adam, and' those whieh Gabriel brought to , hirn froin beaven, He was so virtuOUB and pious, that Allah anointed him to be bis prophet, and sent bim as a prencher to the descendants of Cain, who onl1 employed in dcccls of Bin thc gigantie frames and surpassing strength with whieh Allah bad endowed thern. Enoeh exhorted thern unceasingly to purity of eonduet, and was often oompelled to dmw his sword in defenee of bis life. He was the first who fought for Allah, tho first who invcntcd the balance to prevent d e p ~ o n in trame, and the first also to sc\v gnrmcnts, and to writo with thc Kalam. Idris longed ardently for paraWse, still he was not desirous of deatb, for he WIlB anxious to do good on the oo.rth; nnd but for bis llreaching and bis sword, thc sons of Cain would have floode(1 . tho carth with iniquity. Allah scnt him thc Angel of Death in the form of a beautiful virgin, in order to sce whether he would approve himself See the E. Translator's Prerace. TnE TEMPrATION. 29 wOl'thy of the peculiar favour which no man befre him had ever r e e i v e d ~ "Come with me," said the disguised angel to Idris; "and thou ahalt do lU1 acceptable work to Allah. My younger sister ho.s been earl'ied off by an ungodly descendant of Cain, who ho.s confincd her in . the furthest regions of the West I Gin! on thy sword and help me to deliver her." Enoch girt on bis sword, and took up his bow and tbc club, with which he hOO laid lowat a single stl'oke whole ranks of the enemy, and followed the virgin from mom till eve, through desolate and arid dcserts, but he said not a word and looked not upon her. At nightfall ahe erected 0; tent, but Idris laid himself down, at its entranee.to sleep .on the. stony gl'ound. On her inviting him to share her tent with her, he lUlBwered, "If thou ho.st any thing to eat, give it to . me." Shc pointed to a sheep which wo.s. roving through the descrt . without a keeper, but be said, er I prefer hunger to theft; the sheep belongs to another." N ext day thcy colitinucd their journey o.s beforc, Idl'is . still following the virgin and uttel'ing no com- plaint, though he was nearly overcome with hunger and thirst. Towards evening they found n. bottle of water on the ground. Tbe virgin took it up, and opening it would have forced Enoch to drink, but he rcfuscd, nnd said, " Some luckleBB tmvcllcr ho.s lost it, and will rcturn to seck for it." c 3 80 TEMPTATION J FIRMNESS J AND REWARD. During the night J Idris having onee more bafBed all the wilas of the virgin" who bad again endeavoured to' dmw him into her tent, .Allh C&used aspring of clear frash water to gush forth at bis feet, and a datc troe to rise up laden with tha choioost Ruit. Idris invited the virgin to eat and to drink, and con- ,cealed himself behind tlle trae, waiting her return to the tent; but whoo after a long interval she came not, he stepped t0 tbe door and sMd, "Who an t o u ~ singular ma.iden? These two days thou lu!.st been without nourishment, and art even no'W unwilling to break thr fast, though Allah bimselfhas miraculously supplied us with meat and drink, and ret thou art frash and blooming, liko tho dewr rose in spring, and thr form is full ud rounded like tbe moon in ber fifteenth night.'" " I am the Angel of Death," ehe repIied, '" sent by Allah to prove thee. Thou hast conquered; 8sk n o w ~ anti he will BSuredly fuII all tbr wiehes." " If tbou an tbo Angel of Deatb, take my soul." " Dootll is bitter: wberefore desirest thou to die?" " I will pror to Allah to animate me onee more, that after the teITors of the grave J I may serve him with greater zcall " " Wilt thou thoo die twice? thr time bas not ret como - but prny thou to Allah, (lnd I shall executo His will." Enochprayed: "Lord, permit the Angel of Dooth to let me lIALIK. 31 taste death, but recall me soon to life I Art thou not almighty and merciful?" The Angel of Death was commanded to take tlto soulof Idris, but at the same moment to rcstore it to him. On bis return to lifo, Idl'is l'oquested tbe angel to show him Hell, that he migbt be in a position to describe it to Binners ,vith 0.11 its terrors. The angellcd him to Mnlik, its keeper, wbo seized birn alld was on the eve of flinging him into the abyss, when a voice from heaven exelaimed, er Malik, oowl\re 1 harrn not my prol)het Idris, but show him the terrors of thy kingdom. " He then placed him on. the wall which separates heU from tbe place appointed as the abode of those who have mcrited neither hell nor heaven. Thence he saw cvery variety of scorpions and othr.r venom- ous reptil es, and vast nmes of fire, monstl'QUS 001- drells of boiling water, trecs with priek]yfl'uitS, rivcrs: of blood and putrefa.ction, red-hot ehains, garmentsi of l,iteh, and so many other objeets prepnred ror tbe torture of sinners, that he besought Malik to spare hirn their further inspeetion, amI to eonsign him Ollee more to the Angel or Dcath. Idris now pmyed the latter to show him Pnradise also. Tbe Angel conducte<t him to tbe gate before which Ridhwan kept bis watch. But thc guardian would not suffer bim to enter: then Allah com- 'lllll.llclocl tho troo Tuba, which is plmltecl in the miclst of the garden, alld. is known to be, after Sil'dl'l1t c" 32 THE TRANSLATION. Almuotalm, tbo most booutiful Rnd ta11est trco of Pamdi80, to hend its branches over tho woll. . Idl-iS 80ized hold oe them and was drawn in unobserved by Ridhwan. 'The Angel of Death attempted to provcnt it, but Al1a.h said, " Wilt thou &lI.y hirn twice?" Thus it oame to pass that Idris was taken olive in10 Pamdi80, nnd was pcnnitted by the most gracious One 10 remain there in spite of the Angel of Death and of Ridhwail. . In the Bible it is 8IIid the Lord took Enoch; but the. llidrash odds, nine human beings entem Paradise alive:. Enoch, MessiRh, Elias, Eliezer the servant of Abrohrun, tho servant ofthe King ofKush,ChirAm the King of'l'yre,Jaabez. the son of the Frince and Rabbi JUll., Serach the daughter oJ;'. Alher. and Bit jA tho daughter of PhnrlUlh. . ,; 33. NOAH, HUD, AND SALIH. AFTER the translation of Idris, the depravity of men waxed so Dghtily, th9.t Allah determined to dcstroy them by ~ flood. But the prophet N oah, who had in vain attcmpted to restore his followers to tho path of virtue, was saved: for Allah commanded him to build an ark for himself and family, and to enter it as soon as bis wife should see the scalding waters streaming from the oven. - This was the beginning of tbe :ood; for it was followed by n ~ t rains from heaven (as from well-filled leathern bottles ioto w hieb a. shll.rp instrument has bccn plungcd), wruch mingling with the subterraneous waters that issued forthfromall tbe vcms of the eartb, produced an inundation wruch none save the giant Audj tbe son of Anale survived. t . l'he ark :oated during forty dnys from one end of the earth to tbe other, pa8sing over the highest mountnins; but when it came to Mount Abu Ku- The generation of the flood was chastised with scalding wl\ter.-Midraah, p.14. t eside N oab, Og the Iting of Boshim was saved, ror he seized hold on one of the beams of tbe Ark, and swore to N oab thl\t he and bis p08terity would se"e him os bondmen. N oah rundo 1\1\ opcning througb tho wall of the Ark, nnd ga"O Og BODlO food daily, for it ia written, "Ol1ly Og the King of osban lu"ived of allthe giants." - Midra,lt, p. 14. c 5 34 THE BELAPSE. beis, on whose I>ook Allall had conccalcd tbc block diamond of the Kaaba, timt it might servo in thc second building of this blessed temple, it rode seven times round the sacred spot. At the lapse of six months the ark rested on Mount Djudi in Mesopo- tamia, and N oall loft it as lloon. 8S the dove whicll he bad sent to examino tbe smte of tho ool,th re- tumed with an olivo leaf in its mouth. N oah blessed the dove, and Allah gave her a neeklaco oi green feathers; but the raven whieh Noah bad sent out before the dove, he eursed, because, instead of retuming to him" it staycd to icast on l\ carcass whiclt it found on the carth, wbcrciore tllo mvon is no longer ahlo to walk like otbor birds. But spite of the calamities of the flood, whieb Allah intended to serve f ~ ever as a waming against sin, Iblis soon succeeded in banishing "Virtue and goodness frorn the human family as 00- fore. Even Noah's sons, Cham and Japhet, fOl'got t110 roveren.ce that was due to their father, an<1 left him uncoveroo wllen one day they found hirn nsleep. Cham even derided" him, and became on this l\CCOunt the father of all the bIack races oE ma.tiJdnd. J aphet's descendants remained white, indeed, but it was writ- ten that none of them should attain to the dignity . h ~ Midl'88b,. p. 16., relates the same, and draw8 trom it tbe conclUBion that De olle Bhould 8eek to accomplisb his ends b1 (unclean) unlawful meaD8; the raven being UDclcan (un- ".lul), hut tbe dove being clean. TUE ENCIIANTED CITY. 35 of a prophet. Sham (Shem) is the sole ancestor. of t11e prophets, among "hom Hud and Salih, who livcd immediately after the oOO, nttained to high dis- t i n c ~ i o n - Hud WI\8 sont to the nation of gil\llts wMch dwelt in Edom, 1\ provincc of tllo Southern Al'abia, then governed by King Shaddad, the lIOn of Aad. When t11e ploophet exhorted this king to the faith and fear of Allah, he inquired, "What shall be the reward of my obedience?" " My Lord," replied t.ho prophet, "will give thee in the Ufe to com,e gardens oe eternal verdure, and palllces of gold and jewels." But the king answered, ." I stand not in need of thy promises, for I oon even in thls world bulld me gardens and pleasure-houses of gold and costly pearls and jewels." He then bullt Il'em, and callcd it thc City of Columns, for each of its palaces l'Cstcd on a thousan,d eolumns of rubies and.ememlds, nnd each column was a hundrcd cubits high. He next constructed canals, and planted gardens teeming witlt the finest fruit trees and the fairest owers. 'Vhen all was completed with prodigal magni- ficencc, Shaddad said, "I am now in actnal poeseesion of nU that llud Iw pl'oll1iscd me for thc life to coll1e." Dut wbcn he \Vould hl\ve mnde Ms cntnmce into tJlC city, AllI\h concclllcd it flOOlU him !\Dd his follo\Vers, I1ud ilI pl'Obably the Eber of the Scriptu1"es, wbom the Uabbia cstecm 08 n Prollbct, nlll! thc foum]cr of 1\ cc)cbralcIl acLool of divillity. c 6 36 TUE LOST TRIBES OF UrD AND TBAlIlUD. nor haa it, since been seen by man, save once in the reign of Macoo.via. The king and bis people then wandere<! through the wildemess in l"llin and tempest, and o.t last sougbt shelter in caves. But Allah causcd them to in, and only Hud escaped. The 'destruction of this tribe indllced their kins- men, the Thamudites, who numbered soventy thou- sand wamors, to ehoo88 the regions between 8yria and Hedjaz 'as their abode, for they' also feared to be destroyed, and hoped to seeure themselves against the wrath of Allah, by building their houses in the rocks. Djundu Eben Omer, the king of the Tha- mudites, buHt him a palaoo there, whose splendour bad never been equalled on the earth, and the high- priest' Kanueh erected a similar one for himself. But their most costly and most perfect building was the temple. 'In it there stood an idol of thc finest gold, and adorned with precious stones: it bad a human face, a lion's figure, a bull's neck, and a horsc's feet. One day, when Knnuch aftcr bis prayers bad fl\lIen ,in the temple, he heard 0. voice which said, Trilth sbo.1l appear, and delusion sha11 vanish." He sprang to his feet in terror, and rushed 'towards the idol, but 10 I it was lying on tbc ground, and beside it h\1 thc Cl"Own wliich had fallen from its boo<1. Kunllch eried for- help; the king and his viziers hastened to ilhe spot, 'restored the idol to iti p1nce, and repla.ced the crown on its hend. But' thc oecurrence made a TUE nIGn PRlEST8. . 37 deep impression on the high-priest's mind. His faith in the idol falled, and his zeal to serve it 000100. Tbe king soon discovered the change that bad passed within bim, and ono day sent botb bis viziers to nppl'ehend and to examine hn. But seal'ccly bad bis messengers loft the royoJ. palnce, wbcn they were struck blind, and were unable to find Kanuch'a.. dwelling. Mcanwhile, Allab sent two angels who cnrried the high-priest to a .distant volley unknown to bis tribe, where a shady grotto, supplied with every convenience of le, was prepared for him. Here be lived peaceably in the service of the one God, and seoure against the persecutions of Djundu, wbo in vain sent out messengers in every direetion to discover him. The' king gave up, at length, oll hOllo oE bis capturc, and nppointed his' own cousin, Davud, as high-priest in Kanuch's stend. But on the third day after bis inauguration, Dnvud came to the king in baste, and reported tho.t tbe idol bad again fullen from its place. Tbe king once mOl"C restored it, and Iblis cried from the idol, "Be stead- fRSt in my worship, and resist oll the temptations into which some innovators would lead you." On the following feast-day, when Davud was about to otrer two fat bulls to the idol, they said to hhn, with buman voioe, "'Vhy will you ofFer us, whom Allah has endued with life, RS a sacrifice to a dead lDD.88 of gold which your' own bands bave dug from the cnrtb, though Allah has ereated it? Destroy, 0 a8 TUE BInD FROH PARADISE. Allah, so sinful a people I" At theso words thc bulls flcd, nor ware tho swiftest riders of thc king able to overtake them. Yet it pleased Allah, in bis wiedom and long-suffering, to spare the Thamudites still longer, and to send to' them a prophet who should labour by many wonders to convinee them of tho'"irutb. , Ragwba, tbc wife of Kanucb, bad' not censed to mourn, sinee the flight of her husband; yet in tbe third year, Allah sent to her a bird from Paradise, to eonduct her to his grotto. This bird was a raven, but its bead was as white ns snow, its back was of emerald, its feet wcre of crimson, its bcak was like tbo clenrost sunbonm,. nnd its shone like diamonds, only its breast was blnck, for the curse :of Nooh, whichmade aU ravens entirely blnck, bad'not fallen on this bird. It was tho hour of nlidnight when it steppcd into Rngwha's dark chamber, wbere ahe lo.y wecping on " carpot, but tho glance,of its cyes lit up tbe' cbamber 'as if tbc sun bad suddenly risen therein.' Sbc rose from ber couch Rnd gazed with wonder on the beRutiful bird, which opened its mouth and said, "Bise and follow me, for Allah has pitied thy tcars, and ,vill unite thoo to thy husband." She rose and fo11owed the raven,whieh flew before ber, cbanging tbe night into day by tlle light of its eyes, and the' morning star hadnot yet risen when she arrived at thc grotto. Tbe mven now oricd, "Kn.nucb, arise,' anll allmit thy ",ife," nnel then vanished. SALIU. 39 Within a year after their reunion, ehe. gave birth to a son who was the very image oE Seth, and the light of prophecy shone on his brow. His fat11er called him &lih (tbe pious), for 11e trusted to bl'ing hhn up in the faith of tbe one only God, and in piety of life; hut soon after Salih's birth Kanuch died, and tbe raven from Paradise came ngain to the grotto to take back Ragwha and her son to the city of Djundu, where Salih grew rapidly in mind and body, to the admimtion of his mother, and of all who came to visit them; and o.t the ngc of eighteen he was the most powerful and handsomc as weIl as tbe. most gifted youth of his time. It then came to pass that _ tbe descendants of Harn undertook. an expedition against tbe Thrulluditcs, and were to all appearnnce on thc point ofdestroying them. Their best warriors 11nd already fallen,' and the rest were preparing for f l j g ~ when Salib suddenly appenred on the battle-field, at the hend of 11 few of bis friends, and by his personal valour and excellent manrouvres wrested tbe victory from the enerny, and routed tbem . com- pletely. Tbie o.chievement lIOOured to him thc love and gratitude of the mOle virtuous part of bis tribe, hut thc king envied him from tbis day, and sooght after his' life. Yet as often as tbe l\88888ins came' to &lih's dwelling to slay hirn by the king's command, t.heir bands were pamlysoo, Ilnd were only reetorcd by Snlih's interccssion with Allab. In tbis wisc, thc hclievel's in 8.'\lih I\mI his invisible Gorl gmduoUy in- 40 TUE SLEE!'. crensed, SO that there wns soon fonne(!. a community of fort;- men who built a mosque, in which tlley wor-. shipped in common. One day the king surrounded the mosque with his floldiers, IUJ.d threatened Salih and bis adherents with death unleBB A1la.h should save them by a. special mimCle. Salih prayed, and the leaves ,of the date, treo that grcw bofore tIlO mosquo wore, instantly chnged to 'I!corpions and addcrs, whicb, fell upon the king and his men, while two doves wbich dwelt on the roof of tbe mosque, exclaimed, "Believe in &lih, for he is the prophet and messenger of Allab." To this twofold wonder a second and third one wcrc addcd, for at Salib's pmycr tllo tree resumcd its former shape, , and some of the Thamudites who bad been'killed by the serpents returned to Ufe again. But the king continued in unbelief, for Iblis spoke from the mouth of tbe idol, calling Salih a magician and ademon. Thc tribe wns then visitcd by famine, but tbis also failed to convert thcm. When Salih behc1d the stubbornness of the Thamudites hc prayed to Allah to destroy so sinful a. people. ' But he too, like his father, was carried by an angel to a subtermnoous cave in sleep, and slepttl161'C twenty , years. On wnking lle, was about to go into the mosque to perform ltis morning devotions, for he imagined that be 1uI.d sleptonly one night; but tbe m08que lay in ruins; he' tben went to see his friends TIIE REPnOOF. 41 and followers, but BOme of them were dead; others,in the idea' that he had abandoned them or been Becretly sWn, bad gone to other countrics, or returned to idolatl.,.. Snlih knew not ,vhat to do. Thon appcared 10 him tbe angel Gabl"iel, and said, "Decause thou bast hastily oondemned thy pcople, Allah has taken r o ~ thee twenty yem of thy life; nd thon hast passed them sleeping in the cave. - But l"iso 'and prcn.ch ngnin. Allah sends thee bore Adam'll shirt, Abel's sandals, tbe tunic of Sheth, tho seal of Jdrls, the sword of N oah, and the staft' of Rud, with all of which thon sb81t pcrform many wonders 'to confirm tby words." On tbe following day the king Md prieste and heads of the peoplc, attended by many citizens, went in procession to a neighbonring chapel, in which an idol, similar to' tbnt of the temple, was worshipped. Salih stepped between the king and the door of the chapei ; and whon tbe king asked him - Tbe idea 01 a prophet's intercession with God is ot Scriptural origin. Abraham and Moses interceded with God, tbe one for Sodom, tbe other for his people; and according to tbe Ilebrew legend, the Jew&, on hearillg Isninh denounoing tbe judgmcnta ofGod, threntencd to l,ut him to dcath, bceause he had not 80ugbt to turn Rway His wrnth, RB Moscs hnd done under similu oircumstanoes. Our Snviour's parable of the gardener, wbo bcggcd another yeu's respite for the unfruitful trec, is on the same principle. So is also Christ's reproof to his diaoiplea. wben they would bave called down fire from IIeaven.' Tbe punisbmcnt oC Snlih, thcreCore, bowever prettily introduccd, nlust, like evcry other truth oC tbe Koran, be reCcrred to the knowledge whieh the Moslem bad oCtbe Scripture8.-E. T. 42 TUE TEST. who 110 was, for Salih's appearance had so changed during the twenty yeim! which ho hnd spent in tbc cavern !hat the king did not recogniae hirn, he an- 8wered, "I am Salih, the messenger of the one only God, who, twenty yelLl'S ago, prenched to thee, and showed thee many clear proofs oE the truth of my mission. But sinco tbou, as I still persiatest in idolatry, I onee',more appear hefore thee iri tbe name of the Lord, and by bis perrnission oWer to perrorm hefore thine eyes any miracle thou mayest desire in testimony of my prophetie ealling." The king took counsel with Sbihab his brot her; and Davud bis high-priest, who stoOO near him. Thon said the latter, he be tbc messcngcr of Al1all, let a camel come forth from thisroeky moun- tain, one hundrcd eubits high, with all imaginable coloUl'B uni ted on its back, with eyes aming like lightniIig, with a voiee like thunder, aild with feet swifter tha.n thc wind." Wben Salih deeIared bis readiness to produee sueb a camel, Davild addcd, "Its fore-Iegs must be of gold, and its hind-Iegs of silver, its head of emerald and its ears of rubies, and its, back must bcar a silken tent, supported on four diamond pilllLl'S inlaid with gold." Salih was not deterred by all thesc additional requirements: and thc king addod, "lIear, 0 Sa1iltl if thou bc the prophet of Allah, let thia mountain be eIert open, and a camcl step forth with skin, hair, esh, blood, bones, museies, and veins, like other camels, only much largc.>r, nnd GREEDY SCEPTICe. 43 let it immediate!y give birth to a young camel, which shall follow it every where as a child follows its mother, and when scarcely produced exc1a.im, 'There is but one Alluh, and &lih is bis messenger and pro- phet.'" " And will you tum to Allah if I pmy to him, and if he perform such a mirac1e before yow' eyes P" , " Assuredly I" replied Davud. "Y et must this camel yield its milk spontaneously, and the milk must be cold in summer, and wann in winter." " Are these all your conditions P" asked Salih. "Still further," continued Shihab; "the milk must hea1. all diseases, and enrich aU the poor; and the camel must go alone to every house, calling the inmates by name, and filling all their empty vessels with its milk." "Tby will be done I" replied Salih. "Y et I must also stipulate that no one shall harm the camel, or drive it from its pasture, or ride on it, or use it for any labour." On their swearing to him to trant the camel RB a holy thing, Salih pmyed: "0 I God, who hast cr4 atcd Adom out of the earth, and formed Eve from a rib, and to whom the hardest things are easy, let these rooks bring forth a camel, such as their king bas describcd, for the conversion of the Tbomudites." Sca.rcely bad Salih concluded his prayer, when tbo CArth oponod at his feet, and thel'o gusllcd forth l\ fountain of fresh 'Vater fragmnt with musk: tho 44 TIIE llIRACLE. tont which bad oroctcd for <llun in !)l\l'lIo<1iSO elcaccndcd from hoa.von, anel theroupon t110 l'OCky wall which supported the eaetem side of the temple groaned like a woman -in travail; a ight of birde descended, and filling their beaks with tho water of tbe fountain, sprinkled it over the rock, and 10 I there was seen tbe head of the camel, - whieh was gra.dually followed by the reat of ite body; when it swod upon the earth, it was as it had been deecribed by the king, anel it cried out immediately: " There ie no God but Allall, Salih is his mcssenger and prophet." The angel Gabriel then Cme down and touched tho camel with bis aming sword, and it gnvo birth to 110- young crunol which r08emblccl it entirely, and repeated theconfession that had been required. The camel then went to the dweil .. inga of the people, calling them by name,- and filling overy empty vessel with milk. On ite way all animals bowed beforo it, and oll. the troes bent t11eir brauches to it in reverenco. The king could no longer shut his heart to such proofs of God's almigbtineBB and Salih's mission: he fell on the -propbet's neck, kissed him ud enid, _ " I confess there is but one God, and that thou art bis messenger I" - Dut tbe brotller of tho king, as well as Davucl and a11 tlle priesthood, cal1ed it only BOrcery and delusion, and invented all kinds of calumnies andfaJeehoode, toretnin the peoplein unbelief and idolatry. Mennwhile, since TUE PEUJURY. 45 the eaine], by constantly yielding its milk and praising oAIL'\h 8 orten as it went downto the water, made dai]y new converts, the chiefs of the infidels resolved tokillit. Dut whcn mnnydnys bo.(l passcd bcforo they venturcd to nppronch it, SIhab issucd a procJa:mation, tImt who80ever should kill tbe mountain cnmel, should Imve his daughter Rajan to wife. Kadbar, a young man wbo badlong lovoo tlsma.iden, distinguished as sbe woB for gracc and beauty, but witbout daring to woo ber, being onIy a man of the wed bimself with 0. huge sword, and attcnded by Davud Rnd some other fell upon the camel hom obehind ",hile it was descending to tbe waters, and wounded it in its boof. At thnt moment all nature uttered a frightful shl'iok of woc. Thc littlo camcll'n moalling to thc highcst pinnncle of tbe mountnin nnd cried, "May thc cursc of light upon thoo, tbou sinful pcople I" Salih and the king, who bad not qltted him since bis convcrsion, went into the city, demnnding the punishment of Kadbar and his accompliccs. But Shihab, who bad in the meantime usurped the throne, threo.tenoo tItern with instant death. Salih, flying, bad only time to say that Allah would wait their repentance only three days longer, and on the expir- o.tion of tbe third day would o.nnihilate them like their brethren tbe Aaadites. His threat was fulfilled, for they were irrcelaimo.ble. Alrcady on the nut clay the people grew 8 yellow ns tbe.oseared leaves of 46 TUE DBBTRUCTION. autumn; and wherever the wounded eamel trocl there i88Ued fountains' of blood from the earth. On the second day their faces became red. as blood; but on the third, they turned bla.ck as ooal, and on the same day, towards nightfall, they saw the' eamel liovering in the air on cnmson wings, whereupon some oE the angels hurled down' wholo mountainB oE fire, while others opened the BubiermneouB vaults of fire whieh are eonnected with hell, so that the earth vomited forth firebrands in the Bhape of' camels. . At sunset, all the ThamUditeB were a heap of ashes. Only SaJih and king Djundu eseaped, and wandered. in company to Palestine, where. they ended their daYB as hermits. .
47 ABRAHAM. SOON af\er the death of Salm, the prophet Abraham, was born at Susa, or, according to others, at Bo.bylon. He was 110 contemporarY of thc mighty king, Nimrod, and bis birth falls into thc ycnr 1081 after the 11000, w}ch bn.ppened in 2242 from' the Fnll. He was welcomed at his bll-th by the angel Gabriel, who imme- diately wrapped him in a white robe. Nimrod on.thc night in whichAbraham was born -it was between tbe night of ThurSday and Friday morning --.:. heard 1\ voico in his dl'Cl\m wbich cried aloud, "W 00 to thom tImt sball not confe88 the God of Abrallam-the truth has come to light, delumon vanishes I" He also dreamt tImt the idol which he' worshipped bad fallen down; and convened, therefore,' on the following moming a11 his prieste and BOrearers, commimicating to them his dream. Yet no one knew how to interpret it, or to givo any account of Abralmm. Nimrod had nlready onea in a dream seen a star which eclipsed the light of sun and moon, and had, been warncd by his soreerers of a boy who threatened to deprive liim of bis throne, and to annihilate tc people's faith in him, - for Nimrod CIloused himself to be worshippcd as God. Yet, seeing tImt sinea that dream he bad eom- 48 TUE CHILDHOOD OF ABRAUAH. manded every new-bom male 19 be slain atite birth, be did not think there was nny nced for furtber apprehen . sion. .Abraham &lone wns saved of the ehildren who were born at that time by a miraele of heaven, for bis mother bad remained so slender during her whole pregnaney that no one had thought of it, and when her hour camo she flecl to n. en.ve beyond tbQ city, wherc, aided by the angel Gabriel, she was seeretly delivered. In this en.ve .Abraham remained ooneealed, during fifteen monthe, and his mother visited him sometimes tonurse him. But he had no need oi her food, for .Allah commanded water to ow from one of .Abra- ham's :6ngere, milk from another, honey fromthe third, the juice of dates from the fourtb, and butter from the :6fth. On stepping, for the :6rst time, beyond the cave, and seeing a beautiful star, .Abraham said, "Tbis is my God, whieh hns given me meat and drink in the eave." Y et anon the moon arose in full splendour, exeeeding tlie light of the star, nnd he said, "This ie not God; I will worship the moon." Dut when, towards morning, t ~ moon wnxcd more and more pale, and the sun rOBe, he aeknowledged tbe latter aB a. divinity, until he also dieappeared from the horizOn. He then asked his mother, "W110 is my God?" and ahe replied, "It is I." .... , tc'.A.Dd \vho is thy God?" he inquired further. " Thy' father." " nd' who is my father'e God P" OIIAIlIIf ALLA. 49 Nimrod !".:....- ' J' And Nimrod's 'God ?" ,She then: struck' him on the face, and saicl, ce Be silent I" He waS silcnt, but thought within bim- self, ,,! a.ck.nowledge no other God than Him who hns created heaven and earth,' imd all that is in When he was a little older, bis father, ser, who WalS a maker of idols, sent bim out to sell them; but Ab1'&!> ham cried" "Who buy 'wbat' co.n only do bim bann; and bring no good?" so that no one bought of billl. Oneday, when all bis tOWnsmen had gone on a' pil- grimage to 'some idol, he feigned sickness, and Mone at home, destroyed two-and-seventy idols, which were set' in the temple. ' Ii was then -that he obtained the-'h6riourable surname of, Chalil-Alliili . . ,'. " : . : , ,', . . . (tbc Irlend 01 Gd). - Dut on the return of, the p.; grims he was o.rrested, and breught befoJ:e Nimrod; for suspicion soon upon him, both on aooountof his stay and the oontcmptuous reflections on the worsbip oE idols, in which he was know.n to in..: dulge. Nimrod oondemned bim to be burnt alive 'as a blasphemer. Tbc people of DabeI then oollected , . The Jewish '.legend respecting Abraham's contempt of idolatry and his sentence to be burllt alive is as follows:- " Terah was an idolater, and, RB he went one day on a journey, he appointed Abraham to aell his idols in his etead. Ae often aB 'purchuer came, Abraham inquired his age, and wben he replied, , I am fift.y or eixty yeare oId,' be 8id, 'W oe to tbe man oe aixt,y wbo would worehip tbe "'ork of A day" -10 t.hat the purohaeere went aWAY aahamed. D 60 . THE PILE. '. wood for a pile during a whole month, or aOOorwng to BOme of the lea.rned, during forty days, and at that time lOiew' of no more God-pleasing work than thia : BO that 'if any one was siek, or desired to obtain Bny favour from bis gods, he vowed to oarry. a certain quantity 01 wood upon bis recovery; or on tbe fuHU- ment of bis wish. The women were especially active; thejr washed, or did otber manual. work, for hire, .md.bought wood with their.earnings. When at lasi . , " One da)' a woman oame with a bowl of ne flour ud aaid, , Set it before them I but he took a ataft' ud broke all the i d ~ l a in piecea, ud p1aced the .taft' in the hand! of the largeat of them. When bis fat.hei roturned he inquired, 'Who haa done thi. P' Abraham i d 'Why ahould I deny It P there WBl woman here with a bowl of fine flour, and ahe directed me to 88t lt before them. Whan I did ao, every one of them woUld have eaten fint; then aroae the taUest, ud demollahed them wlth the ataff.' Terah aaid, "WUt fable art thou telHng me P h a ~ they!'Dy undentandingP' " Abraham replied, 'Do not thy ean haar what thy Hpa uttar P' "Whereupon Terah took hiID ud deUvered him to Nimrod, who !lld to Abraham, 'Let UI wonhip the fire I' . " , Rather the watar that quenebea the ftre.' " 'Wen, the watar.' " , Ratherthe cloud whieb carriea. the watar.' . " 'Wen, the cloud.' . " , Rather the wmd that acattera the cloud.' " , Wen, the wind.' " , Rather man, for he endurea the wind.' " 'Thon an a babbler,' replied the king. ' I wonhip the fire, ud. will oaat thee mto it. May the God whom thou adoreat deliver thee thence I' . . .. Abraham WBl thrown into heated furnace, but W88 BAvoo." - Vide Gftrr', i. p. 124. NDlROD'S AJrIDITION. 61" the pile had attained a height 01 'thirty cubite. and a breadthof twenty, Nimrod commailded it to be set on fire.' Then there mounted on high such a mighty flome, that, many biMs in the air were,' coDBumed by it; the smoke which aroee darkened the who}" city, and the crackling of the wood was heard at the distance of a day's joumey. Then Nimrod summoned Abraham, and asked him agam, "Who is tby God P" " He' that has power 10 kill and 10 make alive agam," Abraham replied. He thereupon conjured up a man from the gmve who bad died many yea.rs &gO, and commanded him 10 bring a white cock, a black raven, a green, pigeon, and a speckled peacock. When he bad brought these birds, Abrahao:1 cut them. into a thousand pieces, and, flung tour difFerent directions, remining only the four head8 in hands.' Over these he said a prayer, then called each bird by nome, and behold the little pieoes came flybig 10wards him, and, combining as they bad been, united themselves 10 their heads. The' birds lived as before, but 'he who bad been raieed from the dead, at Abraham's command, dcscended again into. the grave. Nimrod then caused two malef&Ctors 10 be brought from prison, and commanded one of them 10 be executed, but pardoncd the other, saying, "I also am God, for I too have the disposal of life and However childish this remark was, for he only bad power of the sentence of a living D 11 52. SYMi'ATBY. not of restorlng the' dcad to life, Abl'liliam not QbjeQtl. but, in order to silenc9. him .at onoo, said, (( Allah ca.1iBea thesun to rise in the Eaat;' if thou be .AJ]a.h, let it for onoo rise in the West. . But, instead Qfreplying, .Nimrod commanded his servantB to ing 4\bl'llhlllll into tbe fire, by ineans of an engine which &t,tan himaelf bad aUggcSted to him. . .At the same instant the beaven with all itB angele,. and with all ita creatures, cried with one yoice, . (f God of AbrahamJ thy mend, who' alone WQrahips thee on eri, is being tlu:own into the fire ; permit us to reacue him." Tbe angel that over the reservoirs was about to extinguish the ILIDCS by deluge from on high, and he that keepeth tbe winds to l!lca.tter them by atempest to all pIIrls of the world: but blessed be His name I said, ffI permit every e;,;Qe'.of you to whomAbraham shall, cry for Pl'().o tection to llSSist bim; yet if he turn only to me, then I.ct me by my own immediate aid rescue him from death. Tben cried Abraham. from tbe midst 'of the pile,. ff There is no God besides thee; thou art. Supreme, and unto thee alone belong praise' '&nd glory I" Tbe flame bad already consumed his rohe, when angel Gabiielsteppedbefore him and asked, ,. Hast thouneed of me?" ... . . Tbe Midrasb, p, 20., .. ;-a, " Wben tbe wiebd Nimrod cut Abraham into the furnace, Gabrie1 aaid, Lord of the world, auft'er me to .. ve this mint fTom the fire I' but the Lord , I tbe only one aupreme il\ 'my world, and be is aupreme in bis f it il meet; therefore, that the lupreme ahould .va lupreme.'" DIVINE nfTEBPOSITION. But he replied," The help of Allah alone is what I needr" . , rc Pmy then to Him that he may save ihee I" re- joined Gilbriel. ," " He knows my condition," answered Abraham". Allthe 'creattires of the earth nowattempted to quench the fire, the lizard Mone bleW' upon it; anel, as a punishmeni, became dumb from that hour. , At Allah's command, Gabriel now cried to the fire, U eOOme cool, and do Abraham no ha.rm I" 10 these last ,vOM Abraham WOoB indcbted for bis eseape, for at the sounel of Gabriel's voice it grew B chilI arounel him, that he was weIl nigh freezing; and the ~ l bad therefore to be dimj'nished again. The fire then remained as 'it 'was,' burning on as before; hut it bad miraculously lost aJ1 its wa.rmth; and this :WOoB not only BO with Abraham's pile, hut witIi aJl firesllghted on that day throughout the whole world. Allah then caused a fountain of fresh watet to spring up in the midst of the fire, and roseS and other owers to riee out of the earth at the spot where Abraham was lying. He likewise 'sent him a silken robe fl'Om Po.mdi.sc, anel an angel in 'human 8hape, who kept rum company during seven days; for so long he remained in the fire. These seven days Abraham in later times frequently calleel' the Most preeious of bis life. . . His miraculous prcservation in the pile became the co.use of bis marriage with Radha; the daughtcr D 8 64 TUE PRINOESS. of .Nimrod. For on the. seventh day alter :Abra .. ham was cast into the fire, ehe prayed her' father forpermiBBion to see him .. Nimrocl to dissuade her from it, and said, "Whatcanst thou see of him P He has long ere now been changed into asheB. " Yet ehe ceased not to enti-eat bim, until he suft'ered her to go near the pile... Tbere ehe beheld Abraham, through the fire, sitting quite oomfortable in the midst of a blooming garden. Amazed, she called .out;." Oh, Abraham, does not the consume thee P" He replied, "Whoever keeps Allah in bis heart, and the words, In the name of Allah the All-merciful,' on his tongue, over him has fire no power." Whereupon ehe begged his permiBBion to approach bim, but he said, "Confess that there is but one only God, who has chosen me to be bis messenger I" . AB !3OOn as ehe. bad made this conteBBion of herfaith, the flames parted before her, so that ehe was able to reac4 Abraham . But when ehe retumed ,to her father, and told him in what condition ehe bad found the prophet, and sought to convert bim .to hie faith, he tormented and tortured her so cruelly, that Allah commanded an angel to deliver her from bis hands,and conduct her to Abraham, who bad meanwhile loft the city of Babel. . " Still Nimrod was far from being recla.imed; he even resolved to 'buUd a lofty tower, wherewith, possible, to scale tbe heavens, and to searcb therein for the God of Abraham. Tbe rosa toaheigbt THE DLOOIl-STAI1iED ABBOW. SI) cuhits; hut as hea.ven was still far off, and the work- men were unahle to proceed furthel' with the building, Nimrod ca.ught twoeagles and kept them upon the tower, feeding them coustantly with flcsh. ,He then left them to fast for several days, and when they were ravenous with hunger, he fastened to their feet 110 light closed palankin, with one window above and another helow, and seated' himself in it with one of bis huntsmen. The la.tter took a long spear, to whieb 110 hit of flesh was attached, and thrust it through the upper window, so that the famishing eagles flew instantly upwards, hearing the palankin aloft. When they bad own towards heaven during a whole day, Nimrod heard a voiC; whieb cried to him, "God- Iese man, whither goest thou P ',Nimrod seized the bow of bis huntsman, and discha.rged an IIolTOW, whieb forthwith fell back through the window stained with blood. and this IIoband(med man believed that he bad wounded the God of Abraham. . But as he was now 80 far from the ea.rth, that it appeared to him no larger than an egg, he ordered the spear to he held downwards, and the eagles and the poJankin descended. Respecting the blood whieb was seen on Nimrod's arrow, the lea.rned are not agreed as to whence it came: many contend it was the blood of a flah whom the clouds bad CIIolTied with them from the sea, and adduce this circumstance as the reason why flsh need not be D " BA.BEL. siaughtered. Othen slippOee that Ni:u.odts a.lTOwhad struek a: bird whieh wNi ying still higher thau thc eagles. : When Nimrod. in the swe1l of iriumph. once iDore reached the :pinnacle of his tower ..Allah caused it'.t<daIl iri with such frightful nolSe, tbat aIl people w'ere . besid . themselves' froDi terror. 'ud every one spoke in a .difFerent Since that period lamguages or' mon . vary and. on Ii.ooount of tIla arlsing from this circ1lIl18t8.noo. the' capital I.Nimrod was called Babe1 (the confusion). . .. As . soon. however. a$ Nimrod bad recovered hini- salf . ho pursued' Abraham with anarmy whicb oovered the spa.ce of twelV& square miles. Allah then sent Gabricl unto Abraham .. to ask him by what creature he shouId send. him : deliverance? Abraham chose the Hy; and Allah said. "v erilY. if he bad not chosen the fly. iui insect 'would have oome to his aid. seventy of which are lighter thlUi the wing of a Hy." . The eXalted Allah thensummoned thc king of flies. and oommanded him to march with his host agamst Nimrod. . He thon oollected all :the flies and gnats of the whole carth. and with them att8.cked NimrOd's men with such violence, that they were 800n obliged The laws of tho Mahomeio.ns, IUld of the Jen eapecially; regulate IIOJ'Upulouely the mode in whieh clean animals are to be sl∈ what part is to niceive the mortal wound; how it i. to be infl.icted; the knire to be used ; IUld the rormula or prayer to be uttered. But no such laws.exist in regard to fish.- E. T. DEATH OF NIMROD. 57 ' to take to flight, for they consumed their skin and bones and flesh, and picked the eyes out of ~ i r heo.ds. Nimrod himself Bed, and locked himself up in ,110 tbickly-wnllcd tower; but one of thc flics rUBbed in witb him, and flew round biB face during Beven days, without biB being able to catch it, the fly return- ing aga.in and aga.in to bis lip, and sucking it so long until it began to swell. It then Bew up into bis nose, and tbe more he endeavoured to get it out, tbe more deeply it preseed into it, until it came to the brain, wbich it began to devour. Then there re- mained no other meane of relief to him than to run bis head againet the wall, or to have some one strike bis forehead with a hammer. But the fly grew con- tinually larger until the fortieth day, when bis head buret open, and the insect, wbich bad grown to the eize of a pigeon, ew out, and eaid to tbe dying Nimrod, who even now would not come to repentance, "Thus does Allah, whenever he pleases, permit the feebiest of bis creatures to' destroy the man who will not be- lieve in Him and in His meseenger." The tower, in which Nimrod WIlo8, thcn tumbled in upon hirn, and he must roll about under ite .ruine until the day of the resurrection. /' After Nimrod's death, many persone whom the Iea.r of the king bad prevented, turncd to the '<>nly God, and to Abrabam his mesaonger. Tbo firet we.re bis nephew Lot, the son of Haran, and Lot's Bister Sarah, whom Abraham Iterwarde ma.rricd. She D 5 iSS BEAUTY Oll' S.UU,IL bore a. perFect 'resemblance to her moiher Eve, tri ",horn Allah. had given two thirds ofall beauty, while the whole human racehave to be satisfied with the rema.ining third, and even of 'this quota. J oseph alone obtined one tbird, . . Samh 'was sO beautiful that' Ablaham, who, in order to proc18.im the true faith, was obliged 'to make many journeys' to Palestine, Syria., Egypt, and Arabia, found it' to carry her With him a. ehest. One day he was 'arrested on the banks of the Jordan by a. publican, to whom he was obliged to give tithe of all that he carried with him. Abra- ham opened all bis eheste, but the one in whieh Sarab was oonfined; and when the publioan proceeded to search it too, Abrahain said, " Suppoee it to be Slled With silke, and letme pay the tithe acoordingly." But tbe' officer oommanded' him io open it. Abralulm begged him again to pass it unopened, and oft'ered 'to give tithe 88 if it "Were filled with goid and jewels. StUl the other insisted on his seeing the oontente of the ehest; and, when he beheld Bamb, he was so daz- zledby her beauty, that he ran forthwith to the king, reporting what bad The king immediately Bummoned Abrahaui, and inquired of him, "Who is the maiden whom thou oor- riest with thee ? " Abl"aham, from rear of being put to death if' he avowed the truth, replied, ce She is my Bister r " At the same time he told no ralsehood J tor . '. The learned reader muat be .truck with the .trong like- HAGAB AND' IBllAlilL. 69 in Jilij. he meant, " She is' my sist.er in the faith." When the king heard this, he took her with him' to bis palace. Abraham stood full of despair before it, not knowing what to do, when Allah caused' the walls .of the palace to become transparent as gl.se, and Abraham saw how the king, as 800n as he bad seated hiniself' with Sarah on a divan, desired to embrace her. But at that instant his hand withered, the pa1ace began to and threatened to falL Tbe king fell on the ground from dread and fright, and Sarah said to hirn, rr Let me go, for I am the of Abraham." Pharaoh thereupon summoned Abraham, and proacJi.ed him _ fr bis untruth. . The then prayed forhim; and Allah -healed the" king,; who' now gave Abraliam" inamy rieb prosonts, among others,' IinEgyptian slave by the name of Hagar. She bore him a son, whom he ca11ed Ismo.el. But as Sarah waS barren, and the more jealOU8 since the light of Mohamed already Mone on Ismael's fore- neu exiating hetween the moral of the Moslems and thoae of the Sanchez, the Escobars, the Tambourina, and the Molinas. The Bibie aays, indeed, "Abraham Baid to Pharaoh, She ia my aister ;'" but it doea not juatify him by adding that he told no falaehood.-E. T. Tbe Midraab, foI. 21., aaya that Hagar was given as a alave t.o Abraham by her father, Pharaob, who aaid, "My daughter had hetter be a slave in the bouse of Abraham than mistress in any other." Elilnelech, in like manner, and for the sle rpaaon, . gave his daughtcr aa a bondmaid to Abraham, after be, had IIOOD tbe wondere which were donG for Sarh t aalte. D 6 . .' . EAR RINGS.' head, she.demanded;of Abraham to' put away Hilgal" and her sOn. He, was :undecided, until commandcd by Allah to ober, Sarah in all things. Yet he entreated her &gain not to cast off her, bondmaid and her son. ,But this so exasperated. her, that ahe declared ehe wonld not reat ,until her bands had been embrucd, in Ha.gr's blood.' Thon Abra- ham pierced Hagar's ear quickly, and drew a ring through it, so that Sarah waS able io dip her band in : the blood of Hagar without bringing the iatter intO danger. ' From that time it becamo a custom among wOJDen to wear ear-rings. 81lrah now sufFored Ho.gn.r to remain yot 0. few yoo1'8 longer ,with her;. but when she bad borne Is8ac, and observed that Abrahani loved him leBS than IsmaeI, her ,jealousy awoke afresh, and she now insisted' on lIagar's removal. Abraham then went with her and Ismael on his way, and, the angel Gabriel guided thern into the Ambian desert, to theplaoo where o.f'terwards the holy temple of Mecca was built. This place ~ d been dedicated to the worship of Allah even before Adam's birth. For when Allah made known to the angels bis re801ve of creating man, and The aanctity which the M081em attachea to p1ac" ia akin to the feeling. in the church of the Phariaeea before Christ, and of Rome at preaent. But the Saviour reprovea it by thOl8 worda, ", W'1aerll11er two or tbree are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midat of them." Mall. xviii. 20.-E. T. . TUE KAABA.. 61 they" said, "Wilt thou fill the earth witb &inful crea- tures?" Allah was 80 wroth at their dissuasion, that the angels, to reconcile Bim, wolkcd, einging pmiscs, seven timcs round His tInone. Allah par- doned them, but said, "Build me forthwith, in a direct line downward to the earth, atempie, which the siimers may one day encompass, that they also iJ;J.ay obtain mercy, even as ye h,ave now my throne, and been forgiven." AIlah afterwards gave to a diamond of Paradisc, which is now called the black stone; for it afterwards grew black by the unc1ean touch of the heathen, but will one day rise with eyes and a tongue, to bear testimony to those who have to.pchcd it in their pilgrimage. This jewe1 was originanr" im. to watch ovar Adam, that he might not eat of the forbidden trce; but, on account of his neglect, into a stone. At the time of the ood AIlah lifted up this temple into heaven; yet the winds blew Noah'. ark seven times round the spot where it had stood. " After having Hagar" and Mecca, Abraham returned again to Sarah, tu: Syrla, leaving the fOl'Dler, at Gabrie1's comniand, to them- ee1ves, provided with a few dates and a bottle of water. But these provisions were soon exhaustcd, and the whole region was waste, arid, and uninhabited. When The black atone of the Kaaba ia to t,bis day an object of great veneration witb tbe Muasulmen. and every pilgrim visit- ing the temple wes itrepeatedly.-E. T. 62 THE BETTLERS 'OF 'HEOOA. Hagar. and IsmaeI hunger and thint" the former timee fi:om Mount Susa to calling upon, Allah for relief: thengel briei thenappearedtoher"andstamped upQn theearth his.foot, and behold thera up a fountain, which is known aa the fountain of Semsem. t But that time its waten ware IUI sweet ll8 honey and IUI milk; so that Hagar WIUI unwilling again . to leave these regions:. ,': " . . . some time tbere came two Amalekites to her,. wbo were seeking a Crune1 which had' strayed there, . and,. finding good water, tbey informed their tri1?e, thereof, whioh had enoomped a few houre west- waid. .. They Bettled with her, and lsmo.el grew up ihem; but'Abraham yisited him every month, Barak his iniraculous hone, which carried himin half a day.from Syria to Mecca. . lairui.eI hadattained the age of tbkteen YM, heard a voice in bis. dream, whioh cried, " Sacrifice lamael thy son. tJ . . ,The J ews, and even many MU8BUlmans do, indeed, rDaiDtak, tbat it WIUI his son Isaac whom Abraham ;. but the troe believers reject this opinion, inasmuch IUI Mohamed called himself the son of two men ,who had been set apart IUI sacri.6ces, meaning , :The pilgrims to Mecca still run .aeven timea from Mount Suaa to Marwa, trequently looking round and 8tooping down, to imitate Hag!U' when aeeking for water.-E. T . , t Thla fountain ia within the Kaaba: ita water ia brackiah, thoughaomewhat leaa 10 than the other water oe Mecca.-E.T. TBE' DREAlL ' ea thereby IsmaeI and hiS own father; : AM ' Allah, whom hiS grandfather, Abdul Mattalib, intended io offcr in fuUilmont of a vow, but, by the decision 01 a priestess, ,redeeined witb a hunched camels: When Abraham awoke, he was in doubt whether he should regard bis dream. as a Divine oommand,or as the instigation of Satan. But, when the siune dream was yet twice repeated, he' dared not to hesi- tate any longer, and therefore took' a knife and a rope, d sold to Ismael, "Follow me I" , " , Whan Iblis saw this, be thought within' bimself; " An &Ct 80 well pleasing to Allah' I must seek to prevent," 'and, he assumedthe form of aman; and, going' to eaidto her" " Knowest thou Abraham has gone with thy son? ",Hagar answered, er He has gone into' the forest to out wood." ,':" " It is false/' replied Iblis; "he intends to sJaughter thy son." , ' , "How is 'this possible?'" rejoined Hagar;, " does he not love him as much Q,8 I?" " Y ea," oontinued. Iblis, " he believes that Allah has oommanded it." , "Ir it be so," rejoined HBaaar, "let him do what he believes pleasing to AUah." , When Iblis oould effect nothing with Hagar, he betook bimself io Ismaei, and said, "Knowest' thou ror what end this wood whicb thou hast gatbered is to serie?" Iemael replied, "lt is for our use at home." 64 TUE TEMPTER. " No I" rejoined Iblis; ce thy rther designs to off er thee AB a sacriflce, beco.use be dreo.mt tbo.t Allah hafl commanded him." " WeIl," . replied IsmaeI, "if it be so, let him fulfll on me the wU1 of Allah." !bUs then tumed to Abraham himself, and said, " whither goest thou P" . Cf ,To cut wood." . cc.For.what purposeP" . Abraham tu silent ; hut Iblis 'ce I know thou designest to' oft'er up thy son, because Iblis hAB suggested it to thee in 0. dream:" hut o.t these worc:ls Abraham recognised Iblis, and flinging At himseven pebbles, 0. ceremony since observed by eveiy pilgrim, he said, "Get thee gone, enemy of Allah;' I will act according' to tbe will of my Lord." Satan went ",way enrged; but stepped yet twice more in a. different fonn into Abraham's way, seeking to stagger his resOlve,' Abraham discovcred him each time, anel each time ung at him seven pebbles. The Midraah, p. 28., Bays, "Abraham. teil; Sarah early in tbe" moming," while ahe alept i but Satan placed himself in his way 118 an aged man, and aaid, 'Whitber goest thou P " 'I desire to pray.' " l,Qut to what purpOl8 are wood and knlfu P 11 I I may remain abaent aome daya, and muat needa prepare my food.' " 'Should a man like thee alay bis BOn who waa given him in oId age P how wilt thou answer for it in the day of judgment P' " I God haa commanded me.' . . TBE 8A.ORIFIOE Ol!' 18UA.:Ilit..: 6lJ When tItey came to Minli, UpOD the spOt where was" to be oft'eted; the latter saidto Ahm .. hani, '.'Father, bind inetightly, tbat I md.y'nbt re.l eiet, and thrust back tby robe, tbo.t it may not be sprinkled with my blood, lest my mother mourn at the sight of it. Sharpen thy knife well, that it' ma1 kill me quickly and easily, for, after all, death is hald. WheIi thou teachest home again, greet.my mother, and take this robe 10 her as a memento." , .' Abraham obe1OO weepmgly the wiU of bis son; and was just on the poin,t of .slo.ying bim, when the portals of heaven were openOO, andthe angels looked on, and cried, "Well does this to be callOO the friend oE Allah I At this momentthe Lord placOO an invisible ooIlar of oopper 'round Ismo.ol's so tbat spite of his utmost exertions, was unable to: wound .. He then presented hbnself to Iaaac in tbe formot a youth, and said; 'Whither goest tbou P . . :' " 'To be inBtructed by my father 1n virtue and knowledge.' : . I" Duriug thy lifetime or after death P for he verilydesigus to' alay thee.' " , It matterll not, I Bhall follow him.' " He went to Barab, aud osked her. 'Where ia thy husbabdP' " , He hall gone to his buain81181 "'And thy BOnP' " , He is with him I " , Didst thou not 1'8IIOlve that he shouId not go beyond thy door alone P , " , He mUlt pray with his tather.' " 'Thou ahalt not see hirn again I' b 'The Lord do unto my BOn according to His will I ' .. 66 TUB' PILUBB ' 011", TBB HOUSE. him. ' But when he put hss knife to Isinael'i neck a thin]:, time, he' hearda votoe, whioh cried, Cf Thou haat,fulfilled the oonmiaricl"whioh was imparted to thee in thy dreaml": .:, , .',': ;', :' , ,: At' this ca11 he raised biS eyea, 'ana GabrielatOOd be- fore him with a fine horned ram, and laid,. u SIaughter tbis ram 8.a thc r&n80m of thy 8On." . " Thia ram was the same which Abel oft'ered, and which in themean time bad paatured in >Tbe saCrifice :over, Abraham returned to Syria, but Ismael remained with his mother mnong the Amalkites, of whom he took a we. ( ; One day Abraham deaired to visit him; but Ismael was engaged in tbe chase, and bis we was alone at home. . Abrahaoi greeted her, hut ahe did not return bis salutation. He prayed her to. admit him for the night, but she refused bis pmyer; he then demanded 80metbing to eat and to drink, and ahe answered, "I have notbing but aome impure water." Then Ab1'6- ham lett her, and Baid, Cf Wbenthy husbnd returnS greet him, and say, he must change the pillars of bis house. Wben Jsmael came home to inquire whether any olle beeil with her' during bis absence, ahe , , ' Rabbi Elleeer teaohea: tho ram oame floom tl\o mountaill. Rabbi Jllhoahua: an angel brought I, floom Paradiao, where it Putured uDder the tree or eternal lire, and dranlt trom the brook which owa beneath it. The ram dift'uaed iia periume the whole world. It wai brought iBto Paradise OD the eveniDg oi the aixth da)' oi the creation. - MidrtuA, p. 28. HOBPITALITY. 67 described Abraham, and told what he bad erijoined. upon her. By her description Ismael' recognised .. bis father, and bis words he interpreted; t.hat he ehould separate himse1f from bis we, which he 800n <lid. . Not long alter thie, the Djorhamidee wandered from Southem Arabia to the regions of Mecca,and drove out the Amalekitee, who by their vicious C011l'8e8 had called down' on themeelvee the puniehment of AlIah. Ismael married the daughter of their king, and learned of them the Arabio tongue. Thie woman, too, Abra- ham once found alone, and, on bis greeting her, ehe returned bis salutation kindly, ~ up before' h i m ~ and bade him welcome. On bis inquiring how .. it fared. with her, she replied, " Wen, .my lord. We have much milk, good meat, and freeh water." ce Have you any oom?" inquired Abraham. ce We shall obtain' that too, by Allah's will. But we do .not mies it. . Only alight, and come in I " " Allah biese you I" eaid Abraham, ce but I oannot tarry;" far he bad given a promiee to Sarah not to . enter Haga.rs house. " Suft'er me at least to waeh thy feet," eaid the we of Ismaelj ce for thou art indeed covered .. with dust." Abraham then placed first bis right foot and then Thia legend, which has ref'erence to lamae), and which it might bo auppoaod WDI of Ambic origin, and invcntcd to account for tbe IDnctity of the IeCOnd curioUi atone of the Kaaba, ia found in ~ Midraah, p. 27. :- 68 THE FOOT-PRINT. bis leftupon Q, s'tono .wruch lay Wore lsinnc1's house; imd Buft'ered hiinaolf to be . wa.shed. . This stone wns a!terWards. employed in the temple, ud the prints of Abtaham's feet are visibleupon it to this day. ; ... After ehe bad washed him, A.braham sa.id, ir When .Ismel . retU1'l)8, ,tell him. to strengthen the pillara bf his house I" " Ai soon a.s Ilimael came home, his wife related to ,. married 'a wU'e 'of the daughters of Moab. and her name was Aaia. . After three years Abraham went to visit biS 1IOn, having aworn previously to Sarah not to alight fioom hia camel. He came towards noon to Iamael's dwelling, in ",hieh hls'wife was alone.. . .... 'Where ia Iamael P : ,., He ia gone into the.desert With hia mother to gather dates and some other fruits.' " , Give me a little bread and water, tor I m' fatigued ",ith travelling through the wildernesa.' . .. " 'I liave neither bread nor water.' .. ' " 'When Ismael .returns home teil him that he thc door-poats of his houso, for they are not worthy of bhn.' . "Aa 800n as Iamael came, and she reported al1 that had hap- pened, he underatood what Abraham had and sont her away. .' . . "Hagar then brought him a wife from father's house: her name was Fatima. . "After three yem Abraham visited hii' son again, after having again 8worn to Sarah that he would not alight at his house. . "He arrived this thne too at Iamael's dwelling towarda noon, and foutad Fathna quite alone. But she brought him immedi- ately all.that he desired. Then prayed for Iamael to the Lord, and hia house was filled with gold and goods. . "When Iamael returned, and learned from Fatima what bad happened, he rejoiced greatly, and knew that.Abraham'. parental love for him Wal not yet extincL" - MidrtuA, p. 28. ',.HE' IUA.BA,. 69 b)l wbat bad happened to her with a stranger, ,aIiel what message he bad left. ',-!' ,,\ , Ismaelinquired of his appeara.nce; and'when; from 'her answers, he rccogniscd who it was, he rejoice<l greatly, and said, "It was my father Abraham, the ' friend of Allah, who was doubtless weIl satisfietl with thy reception, for bis words signify nothing 'e]se 'than that I should bind thee more o1086]y .to me. , When Abraham was a hundred and ten years, old, ,Allah commanded. him in a dream to fbllow afterthe Sakinah; that is, a zephyr with two heads and two
Abraham obeyed, ,and journeyed. after the wind, which was cbanged. into a o1oud, at Mecca, on thc spot where the, temple, still stands; A' voice then. (lIilled. to bim," Build, mc a temple on the 'spot where the o1oud is resting. , . Abraham began to dig up the earth, and discovered the foundation:-etone which Adam had ]aid. He then coIDIDanded Jsmael t.o bring the other stones required for the building. But the black stone, which since the' fiood bad been conccaled in heaven, or, according tu the opinion of some of tbc leamed, on Mount Abu Kubeis,' the angel Gabriel brougbt himself. This stone was even at that time so white and brillianti that it illuminated during the night the whole sa.cred. region to Mecca. ,One do.y, ,vhile Abmho.m was engo.gcd with IsmaeI in tbe building of the temple, there came to 70 ALEXAlmER TUE GllEAT. him Alexander the Great, a.nd asked w ~ t he was buUding, and when Abraham told him it was a temple' to . the one only GOD, in whom he believed, Alexander aeknowledged him as the messenger of Allah, aild' encompassed the temple seven times on foot. .. With regard to this Alexander, the opinions of the leariied yary., Some beHeve bim to have been a Greek, and maintain .that he. governed the whole world j first, like Nimrod betore.liima as an unbeHever, and then like Solomon f t e ~ him, as a believer. . Alexander was the lord of light and darkness: when he went out with bis army the light was before him, and behind him W88 the darkness, 80 that he W88 soonre agaiJist all ambuscades, and by moons of a mi- "raculous wbite andblaekstandard,:.he bad also the power to transform the clearest day into midnightdark- ness, or blaCk night intci noon.:aay, just as he unfurled the one or the other. Thus he W88 unconquerable, since he rendered bis troops .invisible at bis pleasure, and' came down suddenly upon bis foes. He jOUrneyed through the whole world in quest.of the fountain of eternal Me,. of wbich, as his sacred book taught him, a descendant of Sam (Shem) was to drink, and become immortal. But bis vizier, Al;'kidhr, anti- cipated him, and drank of a fountain in the furthest west, thus obtaining eternal youth j and when Alex- a.iider eame it wasalready dried up, for, according to the Divine deoree, it had been created for one man ALEXANDEB TUE GBEAT. '11 only. 'His 8Urname, the Two-cornered, he COrding to some, because he had wandered through the whole eartb unto her two corners in the east arid west j but according to othen, because he wore two loCb of hair wbich resembled horns; and, according to a third opinion, bis crown. bad two golden horns, to designate his dominion over the:empires of the Greeks' imd Persians. But lastly, it is maintained by many, that one day, in a dream, he found himself' 80 close to the SUD that he was able to Beize him at bis two ende" in the eaat and west, and WIlB therefore taUDtingly caIlecl the Two-cornered. . Tbe learned are similarly divided respecting the time in wbich. he lived, bis birthplace,' parentage; and residence. M08tof them; however, believe tbat there were two sovereigns of this . name among tha kinge of antiquity; the eIder of these, who is spoken of in the Koran, was a descendant of Ham, and con- temporary of Abraham, and journeyed with Al-kidhr through . the earth in search of the fOUDtain of eternallife, and WIlB commiseioned by Allah to shut up behind an indestructible wall the wild nations of . JaJu'g and Majug, lest they sbould have all the other inhabitants of the world. Tbe younger Alexa.nder was the son of Philip the Greek, one of the deecendants of J aphet, and a dieciple of the Aristotle at Athen&. . Dut lot us return to Abraham, who, nfter bis inter- view witb Alexander and Al-kidhr, continued the J>ILGBIH.A.GE. ."', ,; !. bu.ilding of the' temple until ii bad attainedti.'height QI Po breadth 01 'tlllrty, ud Po depth 01 twenty- two . cbits., He' then ascended the Mount Abu and cried" "Ob, ye inhabitants 01 'the earthj Allah :commands you to make a pilgrimage to this holy teJ;liple. , Let bis ciommandment be obeyed I " ' ;'.,Allah' caused Abmham's voie to beheard by aU men ,b.oth .liying :and 'uncreated,; ari4 all, even tbe ,childrenstill in their 'niothers' womb, , cried with one voice, ' ," W e . . thr ,oommandment" 0 Allah I " .Abraham, together withthe pilgrims, theil performed those ceremonies which are yet observed to tbis day, appointed Ismaei' as the lord 01 the Kaaba,' and ,retumed to bis son Isa.a.c' in .Palestine. : ;,.When the latter attained tbe age of manhood, Abraham's beard became grey, wbich astonished him little, since no inan' before him had ever . turiled' grey.-. ,But Allah had performed this won- der' that migbt, be ,distmguished from IsaaQ. " For as he was a hundred years old when' Sarah, bore Isa.a.c, the' peopleof PaIestine ,derided : .. . t ... I I . .' Whan Sarah wealied her Bon, Abraham made a feast. Tben iald the heathan, "Behold ihia aged couple, who han taken up a child ftoom the itreeta. pretending it was their OWD, and to obtain . credit more eaaily, have givan a feut in ita honour." Dut the Lorq '.Dade Isa&C 80 strikingly to &c. Alao. in p. 15., among the wonden which ware done in horiour of Abraham, . ja enumerated hia turning !raY" And again, p.30., "Before Abraham there wu no special mark of old age, .. &c.-Midrtull, pp. 27. 15. 30. " 'DEA.TH OF ABRAHAM. 73 him, -and doubted of Sarah's innOOOl\ce: but Allah, gave to Isaac such a perf'ect resemblance f' hili father" that eTery one who saw him was convinced of Samh's conjugal fidelity. But, to prevcnt their being mistaken for ea.eh other, Allah caused grey , hairs to grow on Abraham as 80 mark of distinction ; and it is oo1y since that time that the hair loses its dark colour in old age. When Abraham bad attained to the age 'of two hundred, or, 80S some mam- tain, oE 80 hundred and five-and-seventy yen.rs, Allah sent to him the Angel of Death in the form of an age<l man. Abraham invited him to 80 meal; but the Angel of Death trembled so much, that before he could put a morse1 into bis mouth he besmen.red therewith 'bis fQrehead, eyes, and nose. Abraham then inquired, "Why tremblest thou thus? " " From age," replied the Angel of Death. "How old art thou? " ce One year older than thyself I " Abraham lifted up bis eyes to heaven, and ex- claimed, "0 Allah I take my soul to thee before I fall into such a smte I" ce In what manner wouldest thou like to die, friend of Allah?" inquired the Angel of Dcath. - ce I should like to breatbe out my life at tbe mo- ment when I fall down before Allah in prayer." The angel remained with Abraham untU he fell t10\Vu iu pmyer, and then put an end to his lifo. Abmham was buried by bis Bon Isaac, neaf Snrab, E '14 THE 01' OBALIL. in the cave of lIebxoJl..: .. FoJ:mIUlY ages. the Jew8 viaited thia cave,. in. whiQb aJao.Iaa.ao a.ud Jacob ware afterwarda b'Qf.iect 'ne ChrietiaDs aubaequently built a ehurch over it,. whieh was e1umged into a mosque when .Alla.h gave unto the Mussulmen. But HebroD was called Abraham (the city 'oE Abr&bam), or simply Chalil (Friend), and ia known by' that name unto day. 75 JOSEPH. J 08EPH, the BOn of J acob, the BOn of Isaac, the BOn of Abraham, was from bis ehildhood the darling of bis fatber; and as be lived with an aunt at a distance rtom bis home, J acob'e conetant 'longing for him added much to the fervour of bis parental love. When he was only six yeare of age, bis aunt' be- came 80 mueh attached to him, tbat, in order to p r v n ~ her ever being obliged to part with him, ahe invented the following expedient.' She took tbe , family girdle whieh ehe, being the firet-born, bad inherited from Abraham through Isaac (it was the same whieh Abraham wore on hie loine when thrown into the pile),-girded Joseph with it, and accused him of theft, so that, according to tbe laws of those days, be became her slave for Me. It WQ.8 not until after her death tbat he returned again to the house of his father, and was naturally treated by him with greater care and tenderness tliim his eIder brothers. Moreover, he was his eldest BOn by Racba.el, tbe only one of bis wives whom be bad truly lovec1. 2 76 DBE.,uf8. One morning J oseph told bis futiler thnt he bad seen in a drenm ho,,' ho nd bis brotbors had ench sot t"ig in the earth, and how those of bis brothers withered, while his began to bloom, and shaded thein with its follage and blossoms. J acob was so absorbed with the meaning of thls dl'eam,. that he '1eft a poor man who stood before bim holding out his hand for alms unob- served,' and allowed hlm to depart without a gift. . H, was. this tmnsgression thnt brought on him all those. suft'erlngs by whieh he "as sOOn to be visited. On the. following moming J oseph again related to his father: . " I, have dreamt that the sun, moon, and the eleven stars, bowed down to me," J acob could now no longer remain in doubt as to the meaning of these dreams; he perceived in them J oseph's future greatness, but re- commended him not to speak of them to his brothers, who' bad long since envied him for .the greater tender- ness of bis father. But although J acob kne" the senti- ments of bis sons towards J ollCph, yet was he one day persu,aded by them to him withthem to the pas- ture. they alone in the open neid, "hen they beat and to mock hirn. He would have "\lDder theil' ill treatment, ir.Allah had not fi.lled the heartpf his with compas8ion towards him . Judah said, " Do. not kill yqur brother ; if we bt regaip the undivided love of . our father, we have. attained .object. Let U8 there- fore cast him jnto a pit, till a caravan palIBeB, and . seIl him as a adviQe.WM taken, and , ENVY . J 08eph,' stripped of bis garments, was Cast into n . pit, where he must have been drowned, bad not .Alla.h , caused the angel Gabriel to place a large'stone under' his feet. Gabriel o.t the same time was instructed to illumine the pit by 0. jewel, and to cry, rc J oseph, thc time will come when thou shalt call thy brothe1'8 ,to account, without their suspecting it." The brothers tben left the pit, but before returning home they slo.ughtered 0. lamb, and besmco.red J oseph's upper garmentwith its blood, whieh cannot be distmguished from that of man. They thon so.id to their father, " While we were engoged in our occupaiions, there came a wolf and tOre J <iseph, who bad remained with the stores; and, on seeking him alterwards, we found tbis u ~ r garment, which we reoognised Ba his."," .CI How, " said J acob, rc sball I believe that a wolf has devoured my SOli, while there is not a single rent in ,this garment?" (for the brothers bad forgotten likewiae to damage the garment.) rc Besides," he added, "there has no wolfbeen seen in these regions for manyyears. " "We imagined, indeed, that thou wouldst not givc eredence to our wOMs," said one of bis sons; "but let U8 soaroh for tho wolf," ho continued, turning to his brothers, "in order to convince our father of the ,troth of our statement." They thenprovided themselves with ,all kinds of implemente of tho chase, and BCOured the whole l'eglon round about, until t.hey o.t last found a!arge a 3 '18 TUE .WOLl!'. wolf, 'whieb they caught alive, aild accused it' before J a.cob 88 J oseph'e murderer; but Allah opened the mouth of. the wolf, and he said,- " Believe not, 0 son of Ieaa.o I the aoousation of tby envioUB sons. lama wolf from a foreign ooun- try, and have long been wandering about to seek my young one, wMoh one morning I missed on wwug. How should I, who am mourning the loss of' a wild be88t, bereave the prophet of Allah of bis son?" Jacob then delivered the wolf from the hands of bis BODB, aud seut them away again, so 88 not to have their faces before bis eyes; oo1y Benjamin, bis youngest son, he kept witb him. The ten brotbers thereupon returned to the pit in whieh they had left J oseph, and arrived at the very moment .when be W88 freed by some Bedouina, who on their -march from Madjan to Egypt bad sought to draw water from this'pit, but bad brought up J osepb instead, wbo clung to thoir bucket. ce Thia youth," BAid J udab to the leader of the caravan, ere J osepb oould utter a word, "is our slave, wbom we have oonfined in this pit on acoount of his disobedience. Ir you will take him with you to Egypt, and sell him there, you may buy him from us at 8 moderate rate." Tbe leader of the caravan W88 gre8tly rejoiced 8t tbis oft'er; for he knew woll that BO bcautiful 8 youth would bring hlin much gain. He bought him therefore for a few drachms; and Joseph did not break sileuce, forhe fearedthat his brothera might put him to death he POTIPHAR'S WIFE. 79 'contradicted thern. Trusting in .Allah, he joumeyed quietly with the Bedouins until he W88 PASSing the grave of his mother. There bis grief overpoweied hilD, and, CIlSting himself on the ground, he wept and prayed. The leader of the caravan struck him,. imd would have dragged him away by.force, when sud- denly a black cloud overspread the sky, so that. he started back aftiighted, anct prayed J oseph so long to forgive him, till the darknese again disappoared. . The suh was declining when the caravan entered tbe capital of Egypt, which was then govemed by Rajje, a deticendant of the Amalekites. But J oseph's face mone brighter than the noonday sun; and the singular light which it di:fFused attra.cted all the maidens and matrone to t b e ~ windows and terra.cee. On the following day he was expoeed forsale before the royal palace. Tbe . richest women of the city sent their husbailds and guardia.ils to buy him; but they were outbidden by Potiphar, the t r e e ~ r of the king, who was childlese, and designed to &dopt J oseph as his son. Zuleicha., the wife of Po- tiplmr, receivcd Joseph kindly, and gave him new rohes ; ehe likewise appointed him aseparate summer- house for bis abode, because be refused to eat witb the Egyptians, preferring to live on herbe and fruits. Joeeph lived six yea.re as Potiplmr's gardener, and, although Zuleicha loved him paseionately eince his first entrance into her house, she oonquered her feelings, and was satis6cd to regard hirn from her kiosk as hc :8 4 80 ZULEICBA. performed ,his' l.boura in, the garden. But inthe aeventh year Zuleieha beeame love-siek-her ebeekB grew pale, 'her gaze was leles" her form was bent, and, whole, body CODBUlDed' away. 'When no physieian wo.B able to healher, hernurse said one day, "Zuleieha, comess that it is not thy OOdy but thr. BOul whioh suWara in sooret; BOrrow is preying onthy heo.lth. "Conflde in thy nurse, who hu fed thee with, her own subsiance, and fostered thee since thy infaney like a mother. ,My advice may, per- .uPS, 'be uaefuL ", ' ' . , , ZuleiCha ,then threw herself into the arms of her aged friend, and avowed her love to J osepb, and hel" fruitless endeavours during s years to conquer it. , " Be of good cheer," said the matron to Zuleieha, "thou hast more tlum, others of thy sex, and art . excusable. _ Be thyaelf again; eat, drink" dre88 tO advantage, take thy bath, that thy former ,beauty'return; then aballJoaeph'slove surely exceed thy OWD. Besides, is he not thy slave? and from mere habit of obedienee' he will gratify all thy wishes.'" ; Zuleicu followed her advice. In a abort timeshe '\YaIJ as blooming and healthful asbefore; for she thought that only a. favoul'ILble opportunity was ne.eded to crown her wiehes with suooess. ' , ; But Joaephresisted all her aUurements, and ",hen ahe at length found that all her eft'orts to lead bim astray were in vain:, she accuaed him before ber husband Potiphar, who threw him into prillOD,; TnE PlU80N. ' ,,', 81 but .A.llah, who knew his innoeenee, changed the dark in which he was confined to a bright and cheer .... tw abode. He also commanded a fountain to spring up in the midst thereQf, and a tree rosa at his door wbich gave llim shade and pleasant fruit. , J oseph, who was 800n universally known and feared for bis wisdom and the skill which he pOBBeBBed. to in- terpret dreams, bad not been long in prison when the ,follc;>wing circumstanee occurred : - The king ,of the Greeks, who was then at \var with Egypt, sent an ambassador to Rajjan, ostensibly with the design of negotiating for peace, but in reality oo1y to seek the means of slaying tbis heroic 'king.Tbe am- bassador addressed himself to a Grecian matron who bad for many years lived in Egypt, and asked her advice. "I know of no better means,;' said the Grecian to her countryman, "than to bribe either the king's chief cook or bis butler to poi80n him." The ambaBBador made the acquaintanee of thein botb, but, 6nding the chief cookthe most tractable, he culti- vated a closer intimacy with him, until he suceeeded at last, by menns of a fcw talents of gold, in dcteI'- mining bim to poison thc king. AB 800n as he supposed tbat bc bad secured the ob- ject of bis mi8Bion, bc prepared for bis depru.iure, but previously visited bis countrywoman, with tbe inten- tion of communicating to ber the chief cook's promise. But as sbc was not alone, be could mcrcly say, that 11c bad every renson to be gmtified with bis sucrA!8S. JI li 82 TUE SINGULAR INTER1>RETATION. These wrds or the ambassador son' reaehed ihe king's ea.rs; and as they eould not be referred to hisostensible mission, since the negotiations for pe8.oo, on account of which he aUeged that he bad eome, were . entire1y broken off, and the war had already recOm"; menced, some seeret or other was suspected. The Greeian Wt\8 led before the king, Md tortured, imtil ehe eonfessed all tha.t ehe knew, and t\8 Raijan did not know which of them was guilty, he eommanded timt both the ehiefeook and butlershould meanwhile be put ioto the same prison ",here J oseph was languishing. One morning they came to hirn, and sa.id, "Wehave heo.rdof thy skUl in the interpretation of dreams; teU us, we pray tbce, what we may expeot from our dreams of last night." The butler then related that he bad pressed out grapes, and presented the wine to the king. But the chief eook said that he bad carried meats in a basket .in bis- band, when the birds eame and devoured the best of them. J oseph exhorted them first of aU to faith in one God; and then foretold the' butlers restomtion to bis former offiCe, but to tbe chiefeook he predieted the gallows. AB sOOnas he finished . his speech both.of them u r s ~ u t in laugh- ter, arid derided hirn, for they bad not dreamt at nU, and merely mennt to put bis skill to the test. But J oseph sa.id to thern, "Whether your dreams have bean real or invented, I 'Cannot say; but what I have pro- phesied is the judgment of Allah, wbieh cannot be turned aside." He was not mistaken. The spies of the king 800n found out that tbo Greek ambt\88Qdor had BELlllASE OF;J'08EPH. 83 . 'bad frequent interviews with the Chief cOok; while he bad seen the butler but once; the former was therefore condemned to death, but the la.tter reinstated : in ; bis fIi ,: ;;":' o ce. . " ..... On leaving the prison, J oseph entreated: the butler to remember him, and io obtai his free- dom from the king. The butler did not reJnem- ber him; but the tree Wore bis' door withered, and bis fountain WOB dried up, because, instead of trusting in Allah, he bad relied upon' tbe help of a, feeble man. He was Beven yeare' in prison, when one morning he saw the butler agam. , He came to lead. him Wore the king, who had. had a dream whieh ne> oite WOB a.ble to interpret. . But J oeeph tefueed to appear, linlei!8 he' had first con- vinood the king of bis innooence. Be then r ~ t e d the cause of bis impriBonment to the butter, who brought bis anBwer to the king, and the latter imme- diately BurilmoDecl Zuleieha and her friende. They confeseed that they had faleely aooueed J osepb. ~ jan then sent a writing, whieh not only reetored' him to liberty, but even declared the imprieonment which he bad oDllured to have been unjuBt, !lnd tbe reBult of , a calumniouB charge. t The Midraah 8ay&, "Joseph remained ,et two yeare . rn priBon, becaUBe he had aeked the chief butler to remem.ber ,bim." . t" Potipbar'a wife looked 10 ill, that her frienda inquired wha,t aha oomplaincd. of. Sbe related her' adventure with Joaepii, B 6 84 JOSEPH'SELEVATION. Joseph then put on the which Rajjan had sent him,. and was conducted to the royal pa1n.ce, where: the king had assembled about. him all the nobles, the the astrologers, and soothsayeu of Egypt..:, .' .'. ..' ;,. '.' . "I saw.in my dream," said the king, as soon'aI Joseph was near him,'''soven lean kine, which d- voured !leven fat Ones; imd seven blasted ears, which 'consutned seven:rank and full ones. . Canst thou teil me .this dream signifies ? ". . . J replied; f' .Allah will graut to thy kingdom seven . plentiful years, wbich shall be suooeeded by seven 'yearsQf famine.. Be tberefore provident, and . during the first seven years let as much gro.in be col- lected and' stored up aB shall be required for the maintenance.of thy subjects during .tbe seven that sha1l .fQllow." . . : , This interpretation pleased the Jq.ng 80 well, tlmt he 'J oseph the high steward of his dominions iil, Potip)wo's stead. ",. . . , lIe nw tmvelled tJU.ough the country. buying the gmJJ,\oWhich, on accountof thegreat abundance;was mOst ,moderate terms, .and bui1t storehouse8 but especially in. capital .. One . ., . they sald,.' AooulO hlm .botoro th1 huabaQd, that he moy bo r.rllOn.' . She antreated Mandl, to aooulO hiUl IIkewlll8'to thelr hUlbanda. They dld 10 I and th8ll' huabande cune. to :rotiphar compWnillg of Joaeph'l AudacioUI demeanour toww,a &c. ;.... lrIidrula, p. 4iJ. . I'.lINE IN EGYPT. 86 day, wbUe ridirig out to inspecta gra.nary beyond . the city, he observed a beggar in the street, whose whole appearanoo, though most distressing, hore the distinct tmces of former grea.tness. J oseph . ap- proaehed her compa.ssionately, Bnd held out to her , a bandful of gold. But she refused, and said, sob- bing aloud, "Great prophet of Allah, I am unwortby or thy gift, although my transgreBBion has been the tO thy present fortune." . . At these worda, J oseph regarded her more closely, and' behold it was Zuleicha, the wife of bis lord. He inquired after her husband, and was told that he had died of sorrow and poverty 800u after bis depo-. sition. On hearing this, J oseph 100 Zuleicha to a relative pr the king, whoro ehe was treatcd liko B sister, and I!)le 800n appeared to him as blooming and jouthful as at the time of bis entranoo ioto her house. He asked her band from the king, and married her with bis permission, and she bore him two sons before the frightful years of famine, during "bieb the Egyptians "ere obliged to seIl to Ra.an, first their gold, their jewellery, and other costly things, for com; then their estates and slaves, and at last their own persons, their wives and cbUdren. : Yet not only in Egypt, but even in the adjaeent countries, a great famine prevailed. . In tho lnnd of CanOOD, too, thOl'O WAS no more corn 86 .. " TUE SPIE&.' '," to be Cound, ud Jacob . was Corced. tO send all Ws BOns ,1IA've Benjamin to 'buf provisions in Egypt. He recommended them to enter the capital by the ten gates, so B8 not to attmet the evil, eye by the beauty oC their appearanej and to' avoid, public attention.- .' J oseph reOOgnised bis brothers, and called them spiee" because they had come to him seplltrately, though, according to their own oomession, they were brothers. But when, to exculpate themselves, they explained. to rum the peculiar circumstancell of their family, . and, 10 justify their father's carefulness, they spoke of a lost brother, Joseph grew 80 &ngry, that he refused them the desired provisions, and da- manded of them to bring down their brother Ben- jamin: with them, ud to be' certain of, their retum, he detained one of them B8 a hoat&ge. A few weeb af'ter' they with Ben- jamin. Jacob Uid to his BOns, "Do not enter by one gate, becauae otthe evll 8ye." Joseph expected. his brothera, and therefore commanded the' keepera of the gates to report every day the namea of arriving strangen. One day We first keeper bro'ilght him the name of Reuben i the 8800nd the name of Simeon i and BO on, until he had reoeived the name of Aaher, Jaeob's tcuth BOn. He then commanded an the storehouaea but one to be clOled, and Id to the keeper of that, "Ir such and such lllcn come, lilt them be and brought Wore me." .. You are spies," aaid he to bis brothen they stood be- fore 'him,' "otherwiae you would have entered the' city by the lame gate."-MidrtuA, pp. 46, 47. DENJAlUN.- 8'1 Jacob was indeed unwilling to let bis yourigest son depart, for he feared lest amisfortune similat to that of J oaeph's would befall hiin: yet, to' escape from famine, bo was obliged to yield at last. : J oseph now direeted that the com wbich they bad desired should be measured to them, but gave orders to his stewa.rd. to conceal a silver cup in Benjamin's sack, to seize them as thieves at the gate of the city, ud to Jead thcm, back to bis paJace. "What puniahment," demanded Joaeph ofthe brethren, "ia due' to' bim that has stolen my cup?" . "Let bim be thY slave," replied thc sons of Jacob, certain that none' of them was capable of committing so disgi-aceful an act. But when their sacks were' opened, arid the cup was found in Benjamin's" they criod to him, "Woe to thee I what hast thou done ?' Why hast thou followed the _pie of thy lost brother, wL.o stole the idol of Laban bis grandfather, and the girdle of bis aunt?" , Still, as they had swom to their father not, to step before bis face without Benjamin, they pmyed J oaeph to keep one of their nomber as bis slave in e n j ~ s stead. But Joscph inaistcd. on retaining Benjamin, and Rauben said therefore to bis brothers, "J oumey to our father and tell him all that has befallen U8 ; but I, who am the eldest of you, and have vowed unte> him to aacrifice my life rather than to retum witbout Benja- nUn, will remain here untU he himself shall reoall mo. Ho will probably ackllowledge that such an aecident 88 JACOB I.08Esms SIGUT. could not have been foreseen, and that if our brother had. been known to us as a thief, we should not have pledged ourselves for him." .' . But J acob wotifd credit the story of bis return- ing sons, and feared that they bad now acted towaros Benjamin as tbey bad formerly done towards J oaepb. He burst into tears, and wept till the light of ws eyes was extinguished: his griet' for J oseph also revived af'resh, though }le bad naver ceased to trust to. the f'ulfilment of bis . But now the brothers retunied the third time into Egypt, determined to free Benjamin by force, for tbey were 80 powerful, that they could engage single- Iumdedwith wbole bosts warriors. Juwili espe-. cially, wben excited to wrath, would roar like a !iOD, and kill the strongest men with bis voice; nor could be 00. paeified until one of bis mamen touehoo the 'prickly buncb of hair 'wbich, on BUcb occasions; protruded from bis neck. .. "Whim Joseph would bave ahut up Simeon, hill brothers oft'ered him their 888istance, but he decliDed it. Joseph com- mapdec\ seventy valiant mell to put him in cbains; but when' ther. approached him,Simeon roared 80 Ioud that the seventy fell down at his feet and broke theiJ' teeth. . J oseph said to his IOn Manasseb, . who . W88 standing at his aide, 'Chain thou him.' Manasieh IItruck him single' blow, and bound him instantly; 80 that Simeon exc1aimed, 'CertainIy this W88 tllO blow of a Again, when Joseph sent Benjamin to prison, Judah cried 80 loud, that Chuahl.m, ihe IOn of Dan, heard him in Canaail, and iespondecL Joaeph feared for bis lite, for Judah W88 1Oenraged, that he wept blood, Some aay Judah wore TUE RECOGNITION. '89 However, they onee more endea.voured by entreaty to move Joseph to set Benjamin.free; but when they spoke oE their father's love tor him lie inquired, U What, then, hM become oE J oscph ?" They said, "A wolf has devoured him.'" '1 But J oseph took his cup into his hand, and feign- ing to prophesy out of it, cried, "It is false; you have sold him." ' When they denied this charge, J oseph told Zuleicha t.o give him the pa.rcbment which J udah bad with bis own hand given to thc Bedouin when they him; and he showed it to them. "We bad a slave whose name was Joseph," said J udab; and he. grew so enraged that he was on tlie point of roaring alond: but bis voiee falled him, for Joscph had. bcckoncd to his son Epbraim to touch his bnnch of hair, which was so long that it nearly trailed on the ground. When his brothers saw' thiEi,there .remained no to them of their standing before J oseph, for they could have no other kinsman in Egypt. They fell before him. and cricd, "Thou art our brotber J oseph; forgive u81" uYou have notbing to {ear from mc, "replied J oseph, "and 'Allah,the mercifnl, will also be gracious.and pardon you. But rise, and go up .quickly to our Dve garments, one over the other; but wben be was angry bis heart 8weUed 10 mucb that bis Dve garments burst open. Joseph also cried 10 terribly, that one of the pillars of bis bouse feU in, ud was cbanged into sand. Then Judab said, De ia valiant, like one orus.' .. -MidrtuA, pp. 46, 47. 90 JOSEPH DESIRES TO DIE A. MOSLEM. father, and bring him hither. Take my gament with you; cast it over his fa.oe, and bis blindness will .pass away." Scarcely had they .left the oapital of Egypt, when the wind oarried the fragrance of J oseph's garment to their father, and when Judah, who was hastening in advance of bis brothers, gave it 10 hirn, his eyes were opencd again. They now departed together for Egypt. J osepb came out to meet them, and,. having embraced' bis father, exclaimed, "Lord, .thou. lmst now flllfilied my dreams, and given me great power! Creator of heaven and earth, be thou my Support in this world and the future! Let me die tbe death of a Moslem, and be gathered to the rest of the pious !" . . ' .Neither Jacob nor Joseph left Egypt flny more; . nd both ordained in their testaments, that they should be buried in Canaan by the aide of Abraham, which was also done. Mny the peace of Allah be with them! Tbe Jewish legend re1ates, that when the brothers learned Joaeph's safety, they ware unwillingto communicate it to tbeir father, fearlng the violent efFects of sudden joy. But the daughter of Alher, J acob's grondchild, took her harp and sung to him th. story of Joseph'slife and greatness; and har boautiful mUlio oAlmod his spirit. .Taoob blll8llod bor, and ahe WDI takon into Paradise without baving taatod death.-E. T. '91 .. ' MOSES AND AARON. WHEN the time bad. come in which Allah again designed to send a prophet on the earth, Pharaoh, the king o{ Egypt, bad three dreams in one night. In his first he heard a voice which ca1led, " Pharaoh, repent I The end of thy dominion is at haud, for a .youth of a' foreign tribe shall humble thee and thy people before the whole world." The king awoke, disturbed by his drea.m, but a.fter a abort time he f'e1l asleep again, and there appeared to him a lion, threatened to tea.r a man in pieces. Tbe man was only armed with a rod, but stood still calmly until the lion ruabed on him, when he struck it a single blow with bis rod, and ung it dea.d into the .Nile. The king awoke, more disturbed than before, and was only ahle to sloop agam towards morning: but scarcely bad he closed his eyes, when he saw Asia, his virtu- oua wife, riding through the air on a winged horse. Tbe horse ew towards hea.ven; hut she cried to him a. last farewell, whereupon the earth split open under his reet, and swnllowed him up. Phamoh sprung up from his couch ll8 soon R8 he awokc, and sWllmoncd Hmnan, his vizier, him to ca1l together i!il
I _.. ,I' J:. , F r h i l .. t {J1 . f. i, urin tl IU j lfrt!!f trt TUE MASSA.CRE. 93 plan which will frustrate the fulfilment of thy Visione.; As yet the power is in thy ha.i:td, and, if thou wilt but use it unsparingly, 80 ahalt thou put to ahame all the intcrprct;crs of thy dream. Let all tbe children that are bom this year, and all women tbo.t are witb child, be immediately put to death, nd thou mayest defy the apprehended peril." Pharaoh followed this cruel counseL Seven thousand children of one 1ear under were strangled forthwith, and o.s many women with child thrown into the Nile. t One night, when Amram, o.n Israelite, who wo.s ono of Pharaoh's viziers, wo.s o.s usual in attendance on the king, the angel Gabriel appeared tO him bearing On "Here tbe Mussulman legend difl'ers from the Tal- mud, according to which Blleam gave this counsel . Job was and Jethro, the ]dug's third counselIor, endeavoured tO di88unde the' king from violenoe. Dileam. was therefore de .. Btroyed by tbe Israelites. Job was led into temptation, su1Fered groatly forbis sllenoe; but Jethro, who, on account of bis elemency, was foroed to tlee iuto Midian, was rewarded by beooming the father-in-Iaw of Moaes." - M"ulraaA,' p. 62. t "In tbe year 130, after tbe settlement of tbe Israelites in Egypt, Pharaoh dreamt of an aged man who was holding a balance in bis right band. In one or ita seales be plaoed all tbe sagos and nobles or Egypt, and a'littlo lamb in tho otber; and i' outweighed them all. '," Pbaraob was amazed at tbe weigbt of tbe lamb, and told bis dream on the foUowing morning to bis attendanta. Tbey were terrified; and one or tbem aaid, "This dream rorbodea a great aftliction wbich one or tbe ehildren of Ierael will bring upon Egypt. Ir it pleaso the king, let U8 iBBue a royal edict, com- manding every male chlld or Hebrew pllrenta to be lllain at ita b!rth. Tbe king did as be was advised. "-Midra./a, p.61. ' " 94 TBE A.8TROLOGJiIB. one of bis wings J ohabed, Amram's "ire, the daugh .. terof Jaaer. He laid her down neal Pharaoh, who was sunk in a deep sloop, and anored like a slaughtered bull;. and Gabriel aaid to Amram, IC Tbe hour is come when the meaaenger, of Allah shall appear I " He vaniahed after having spoken these worda, and left J ohabed with Amram until the riaing of the moming star. .: Then he carried her bock on bis winga to her dwelling .before Pharaoh awoke. That night the king bad the same dreama again wbich had 80 much disturbed bim before. AB 800n aa he awoke he summoned Amram, and again commanded bim to eonvene the interpreters of dreama. But he. had acarcely uttered the word, when the chief of the astrologers begged for admit .. tance. Pharaoh welcomed him, and inquired what bad led him so early to the palace ? R ~ for thy throne and for thy lile," an- 8wered the. aatrologer. "I read last night in the stars that the Iod who sball o ~ e day deprive thee of life and empire haa been conceived. I could there- fore:.acaroelyawait the morning star to inform thee of . thls . aad occurrence. Poaaibly thou mayest sue- ceed in diacovering the man who; notwithatanding thy prohibition and thy sage precautiona, haa found meana of fruatmting thy design." ! Pharaoh was the mther diapoaed to credit the aB- ti-ologer, &ipee the repetition of bis dream indicated, the same. He therefore reproached Amram for not V MN PREOAUTIONS. having adopted better measures, which might Mve rendered impossible the transgression ofbis com- . nut Amram snid, "Pardon thy servant he ven ... ture to doubt the infallibility of this master's inter- pretation, but the measures which I have adopted, and executed under my own inspection, are. of that sort, that on tbis occasion it is quite incomprehensible to me. Yesterday, as soon as I had lell theroyal palace, I betook myself to the other side of the river, and, summoning all the men of Israel, threatened" with death him who should under any pretext what- ever remain behind. N evertheless, to make sure if any one had remainedconcealed in" hisdwell,:, ing, he should still be separated from bis we, I com- manded oll women to be shut up in another qua.rter of the city, which, like the Camp of. the men,. I sur- rounded with troops, so that no one was able 10 go in or out. Meanwhile, I will so act as if I ware persuaded of this astroJoger's statement. Ir thou desire it, I shall strangle the womeo, or subject them to severer regulations; we shall discover the guilty one, and destroy her." nut Allah infused compassion towards the women of Israel into Pharaoh's hea.rt, and he contented himself with having them more rigidly guarded. nut these measures, according to the decision of Allah, proved abortive; for,.as Amram was not permitted to move out o( the royal pa1aoe, Raman did not in the least BUSpect J ohabed, and 96' . . TUE BIBTH OJ!'. HOSE&. made her im exeeption from the common rule, IUI ehe was the viziors wife. . Within t\ from that time. Johabed gave birth to a man ehild, whom ehe called Musa (Moses). Slie waS delivered without apahi.- .... ' " But the 8OrfoW of her heart was the greater when ehe cast. her eyes on tbe nttlo child, Wh080 facc beamed :llke the moon in her. splendour,and thought of his death, which was drawing nigh. Yet Moses rose, and liaid,:" Fea.r nothing, my mother; the God Qf Abraham is with ua." In. the night when Moses was born the idols in a1l the temples of Egypt were dashed down. Pharaoh a voice in dream., which called to hiIri, " Turn to the only God, the. Creator of heaven and earth, or thy destruction is inevitable." In the morning the astrologer appeared again, and announced to Pharaoh the birth of the lad wbo would one day On theH words, "And ahe Baw the child was fair," the llidraah offen the following reeetion: - "The leamed maintain that at the birth .of Moaea there appeared a light whieh .hone over the whole world, for. in the aceount of the creation WEI have the same phrase: 'The Lord BaW the light that it was sood .. It ia aomewbat diffieult to apprebend tbe preeise point of the Rabbi.. At the ereation of tbe light it la aRid GOD BaW the light th.t It was good. The lubject of whieh it was predieated that Wal good, then shone' over thft whole worId. Hence it argued, that, ia the same predicate ia applied to Moaea' f&Ce, it muat follow that it shone with aimilar brightoeB8. Thia ie no bad ipecimen ofRabbinica1logie.-B. T. THE 8ENTINEL. 9'7 00 bis destruotion. Haman now eoIrimanded all , tbe dwellings of tbe Israe1itish women tobe searehed afresh, and made no exeeption even with J ohabed's, foo.ring lost some other woman might have concooled her ohild therein.' J ohabed bad gone out when H .. man entered her house,' but bad previously hid her' ohild in' the oven, and laid muoh wood 00- fore it. Finding nothing in the whole house, Haman oommanded' the wood in the oven to 1>e lighted, aIid went away, eaying, "If there he a ohUd concea.led there, it will 'be consumed. Whcn J ohahed retumed, and eaw the blazing fire, sbe uttered a frightful ery oE woe; hut Moses called to her, ' "Be calm, my motber; Allah has given the fire no power over me. But as tbc vizier Erequently ropea.ted his visits, and J ohabed Eeared lest he niight one day have the wood removed, instead oE lighting the oven, ehe resolved to entrust her ohild to the NUe ratber than to 'expose it to the danger of being discovered by Haman. She obtained, there- fore, a little ark from.A.mram, laid Moses in it, and carried it to' tlleriver o.t midnight; but' passing u. sentineI; ehe WDS stopped, and asked what tbe ark contained whioh she oarried under her arm. 'At that instant 'tbe earth opened under the sentinel's feet, and engulphed him up to his neok; and therc came a v o ~ out oE the earth, w hieh said, "Let this woumn depal't ullhnrmed; nor let tllY tongue betmy wlmt thy eyes hnve seen, or thou' art a ohUd of F 98 PBOVIDENClil. death. " Thc soldier shut bis eyes in token of obe- dience, for his neck WOB 'already so compressed that he could not speak, arid as soon as J ohabed bad passed ,on, the earth vomited him forth again. When slie arrived at the place on the shore where she designed to' conceal the ark among the rushes, she behcld a huge blnck scrpcnt- it was Iblis, who placed himself in her way in this form, with the in- tention of. st&ggering her resolve. Affrighted, ahe started back from the vile reptile; but MoseS called to her from the ark, U Be without fear, my mother; pass on: my presence shall chase away this serpent." At these words Iblis vamshed . J ohabed, then opening the ark once more, pressed M08es to her haart, CI08ed it, and laid it weeping and sobbing among' the reeds, in hopes that some compassionate Egyptian woman would come and take it up.' But as 'she depart- ed, slie heard a voice from heaven exclo.im, "Be not cast down, oh we of Amram I we will bring back thy son to thee; he is the elected messenger of Allah." To manifest the weakness of' human machina- tions against that which the Kalani, luuI written on the heavenly tablets of fate, Allah bad ordained that the child now at the mercj of the oods ahould be Bal'ed by Pha1'll0h's own family. He com- 'manded, thercfore, OB soon aB J Qhabed had left the Nile; that. the angel who was set over the waten should :oat the ark in which MOBes lay, into the' canal which united Pharaoh's' palace TUE CURE OF TUE BEVEN PRINCE88E8. 99 with the river. For, on account of his leproua daughters, to whom his physicians had prescribed bathing in the Nile, he bad constructed a ca.naJ., by which thc wator of that river was guided into a largo basin in the midst of the paJace gardens. The eldcst of the seven princesses first discovered the little ark, and carried it to the bank to open it. On her re- moving the lid, there beamed a light upon her which her eyes were not able to endure. She cast a veil .over Moses, hut at that instant her own face, which hitherto had been covered with scars and sores of a11 the most hideous colours imaginable, shone like the moon in its brightness and purity, and her sistera exclaim.ei in amazement, Cf By what means hast thou been so suddenly freedfrom leprosy?" ce By the mimculous power of tbis child," replied the eldest. ce The glance which beamed upon me when I beheld it unveiled has chased away the im- purity of my body, as the rising sun scatters the gloom of night. " The six Bisters, one alter the other, now lifted the yen from Moses' face, and they too hecmne fair as if they bad been formed of the finest silver. The eldest The daughter oC Pharaoh went to the river, Cor ahe WBI a leper, and not permitted to uae warm baths; but ahe WBI healed BI 800D BI ahe &tretched out her hand to the crying infant, Wh088 We ahe preserved. She aaid within herself, CI He will live to be a man; and whoever prcservea a liCo ia like tho aaviour of a world." For thiI cause al80 ahe obtained the blesainga of the We to come. -1Il'adrcu1l, p.51. 100 , PBESENTIllENT8. then took the ark on her head, and carried it to her mother Asia, rela.ting to her in how mira.culous a. manner both ehe and her' sisters bad been hea1ed. .Asia took from the ark, and brought bim to Pharaoh; followed by the seven princesses. ,Pharaoh started,involuntarily when ABia entered his chamber, and his heart was filled with dark prcscntiments; - hesides, it was noi, custOmary for bis women to come to him uninvited. But bis face 'regained its cheerful- n'eaB when he. beheId the. seven prineesses, wh08e beauty now surpassed a1l tlieir contemporariea. " Who are theBe maidens? he inquired of Asm. "Are they alaves whom some tributary prince has sent to nie? H They are thy daughters, and here upon my arm ia the phyaician who has them of their leprosy. She then narra:ted tO the king how the princeaaea bad found Moses, and how they bad recovered from their distemper on beholding him.. Pharaoh was transported with joy, and for the first time in bis life embraced bis beloved daughters. But alter a' little while his feaiures were overcast again, and he aaid to Asm, "Thia child must not live: who knows whether his mother be not an Iaraelite, and he the ehild of whom both my dreama, as well as my aitrologera, have foreboded me 80 much evil ? " DoSt thou still believe in idle dremns, the mere whispera of Sa1;an, and' still more idle inter- pretations given by men who boast of reading the BOBBB BROUGHT UP IN TUE PALACE. 101 future. in the stars? Hast thou not sIain the young mothera ofIsrael and their children, and even searched their houses?Besides, will it not always be in thy poworto destroy this fragile boing? Moanwhilo, tako it to thy palace, in gratitude for the miraculous oure of thy daughters." The seven princesses seconded the prayers of ABis, until Pharaoh relented, permitting the child to be brought up in the royal palace. Scarcely bad he pronounced the worde of grace, when Asia. bastened back to her apartments with the child, and sent for an Egyptian nurse; but Moses thrust her away, tor it was not the will of the Highesi that he should receive nourishment from a worshipper of idols. Asia commanded another nurse to be brought; but o.lso, NI woll NI t\ third one, M0808 would em- brace. On following morning the queen made knpwIi that any woman, who would engago to nurse a strange child for a handsome remuneration, should repair to the royal paJace. After this the enme court of the castle was :6lled with women and mldens, many of whom bad come from curiosity only" Among the' latter WNl Kolthum (Miriam), the Bister From tbese words, his BiBter aaid to tbe of Pharob, "Sball I call a Hebrew Durse P .. We may coDclude, that tbey bad takeD him' (Moses) to aIl the Egyptiau women, but that ho rofuacd to recch'e food 1fom them, for he tbought, "Shall tho Ups which IU'O destined to Bpeak with tbe Shekinah &auch that which ia 'uDc1ean P" - M"adnuA, p. 51. I' 8 102 SBA.DOWS OF OOIlDTG BVENT8. oE Moses. When she bea.rd that tbe child bad heen found in an IIol'k floating on the water, and that it still refused to take nourishment; ehe ran quickly, and told ber mother. J obabed . hastened to the pa.la.ce, and was announced to Asia as a nurse, for tbe severe regulations against the Israelitieh women were now removed. Moscs soorccly bohc1d his mothcr, when he stretched out bis IIol'DlS towo.rds hOf, and as be embmoed her immedmtely, she was engaged as a nurse for the spooe oE two yeo.rs. After tbe ex- piration of that time, Asia sent her away with many rieh presents, but kept Moses with her, intending to adopt him as her son, &inee she had no male desoenwmts. Phllol'aoh himself beco.me daily more atta.ched to the child, and often spent whole hours togetber in playing with him. One day, - MOB was then in bis fourth yea.r, - while Pharaoh was playing with him; he took the crown from the king's" heo.d, and throwing it on " tbe ground, thrust it away with bis foot. The king's suspicion wa.s roused afreeh: enmged he ran to Asia, reproaching her for having -persuaded him to let Moses live, and manifested onee more adesire to put him to dcath-; but Asm laugbed at him for per- In the third yoar after the birth of M08e8, Pharaoh was slttlng on hi. throne; the queen was at his right hand, bis daughter, holding MOfII!8t at his let\; and the princea of Egypt ware seated round a table before him. MOBeI stretched out bis hand, took the king's crown, and placed it on bis own head. TnE TRIAL. 103 mitting the naugbtiness of a child to excite in him such gloomy tbougbts. " WeIl then," said Pbaraob, "let us see wbether tho child has acted thoughtlessly or witb re1leetion l' Let a bowl with burning coals, and one witb coin be brought. Ir he seize the former, be sha11 live; but be stretch out bis band to tbe !atter, be has betrayed himself." Asia was foroed to obey, and ber eyes hung in painful 8uspense on Moses' band, as her own life bad been at stake. Endowed witb manly und erstand- ing, Moses was on the point oftaking a bandful of the sbining coin, wben .Allah, watching over bis life, sent an angel, wbo, agamst the child's will, directed bis hand into tbe burning 00&18, and even put one to bis mouth. Phamoh was again re-assured, aod entreated ABia for forgiveness; but Moses had burned bis tongue, and was a stammerer from that day.- The courtiers were terrifi.ed; and Bileam the magician aaid, " Remember, oh king I thy dreama, and their interpretationa : thia child is doubtleaa of the Hebrewa who worship GOD in their' hearta; and he haa, by a moveanent of his preeoeioua wisdom, laid hold on the government of Egypt. (Here follow examplea fiom Abraham to Joseph, showing the ambition ofthe Hebrewa to UlUrp the Egyptian throne.) Ir it pleaae the king, let us shed this child's blood before he be strong enough to deatroy thy kingdom." But the LOrd sent an angel in the form or an Egyptian prince, who aaid, "Ir it please the king, let two bowla; the ORO fillod with Shoham atonos, tho other witb burning coala, bo presonted to tho ehild," &c. - Midralh, p. 62. 'The J ewish legend aceounta {rom this oceurrence ror the .. " 104 THE Y9UTH Oll' KOSEB. . When Moses :was sbt years old, Pho.raoh one do.y teo.sed him so much, tho.t in bis o.nger he pushed ,with his foot ,so violently, againlJlt the throne on.which Pharaoh sat, that it was overthrown; Pb&- raoh fell on the earth, and bled profusely mouth and nose. He sprung to his feet, and drew bis sword against Mo.ses to thrust him through- .A.eio. and the seven prinOOBBes were present, yet all their 1lndeavoure tQ ca1m him were in vain. Then there flew " white cook towards the o.nd cried, " Pha.rq.oh, if thou spill the blood of this child, thy do.ughtel'l$ shall be more leprous than before." Pha- raoh a glanoo on the prinoosBe& j and as from 11road and fright thair faces waro nlrcndy sufl'usoo with a ghast;ly yellow, he desisted again from bloody design. . Thus' Moses grew up in Pharaoh's house, amidst every variety of danger, which' GOD, however, warded oft' in a mira.culous manner. One morning -he was then already in bis eighteenth yeo.r-he was performing bis o.blutions in the Nile, and prayed' to Allah. .An Egyptian priest saw him, and observed t.hat he prayed unlike the other Egyptians, who always turn their faces towards Pho.raoh's palace, while the eyes of Moses were direoted on high. words of M0Be8 in Exodwt, chap. iv. ver. 10.: "Oh I my Lord, I am not eloquent, neither herctofore, nor IIince thou hut spoken to thy servant i but I am alow of speech, and of a "ow tongue." - .E.T. TUE pnFlDIOUB BIGOT. 105 " Whom worshippest thou P" inquired the 'priest, in great astonishment.' , " 'Moses, having finished bis prayer, replieCl, ce My LordI" , ce Thy father Pharaoh P " ce May Allah curse thee, and all those who worship the king as God !" , " " Thou shalt atone with thy life for tbis impi'e- ' cation. 1 will forthwith go tO thy father; and accuse thee before him." ' , Then Moses prayed, "Lord of tbe waters 1 who hast destroyed by the floods the whole human race, save N oah 'and Audj, let them even now 'overflow their banb, to engulf thia blasphemoUB priest." He "had scaroely pronoUDced these words,"when there arose euch waves in the Nile as only the ,fiercest tempest excites in the mighty ocean. . Olle' of them rolled over the shore,' and swept a.way the priest into the stream. When hesaw bis life in danger, he cried out. " Mercy I oh Moses, have 'mercy 11 swear that 1 will'conceaI'wbat 1 have heard from the&:" " But if thou break tIDe 'oath P " " Let my tongue be cut out of my mouth. '" Moses saved the priest, and went bis way; but when he came to the royal palace he was sUDlDloned before Pharaoh, beside whom sat the priest, who bad cvidcntly bctraycd hirn. " Whom worshippest thou P" inquired Pharaoh. 1'4 106 JIAlII'SLAUGBTBB. "My Lord," replied MOles, "who gives me meat and drink, who clothes me, and supplies all my want&. ". Moaes thereby intended the only God, the Creator and Preserver of the world, unto whom we Are indebted lor all things. ,But Pharaoh, aooording to the will 01 Allah, re- ferred this reply to himself, and commauded that the priest, as a ca1umniator, should have bis tongue cut out, and be hailged before the paJace. RaTing attained the age. 01 manhood, Moses frequently conversed with the, Israelites during bis excursions, and listened eagerly to their aooounts of Abraham, Isaac, and J aoob, but especially of J oseph, for his mother had long ere this revealed to him the secret of his birth. One day he behe1d how a Kopt was most, emelly treating an Ismelite, by name Samiri. The latter implored his protection, and Moses struck the Egyptian a blow which stretohed him life- leu on the earth. On the following morning Samiri was again striving with an'Egyptian, and prayed MOBes again to he1p bim; but the latter reproached him for his quarrelsome disposition" and msed his band tbreateningly aginst him.' When Samiri saw this, be said, "Wilt thou.; kill me. as thou didst, the Kopt yesterday?" The Egyptian who was pre- aent hoard it, and acCused Moses 01 murder bcfore PbaraOb. Tbe king directed that he should be de- livered to the relations of the slain; but one of the royal household, a friend oe MOBeB, wonned him TBB FLIGBT. 10'1 immediately of Pha.ra.oh's sentence, and he succeeded in making bis escape in time. MOBCB wandered many OOys through the wildcrneBB, until .Allah sent him an angel in the form of a Bedouin J who guidedhim into Midian, where the faithful priest Shuib (Jethro) dwelt, in the midst of idola.tel'8. The sun was declining when he amved before a well at the outskirts of the little town, and there stood Lija and Safurja, tlle two OOughters. of Shuib, with their Hacks. AccordiDg to the Jewish legend, there intervened many years between the 1light of Mosea from Egypt and bis arrival in Midian: these yeara, they say. he spent in Ethiopia, where Bllaam bad gone Wore him; and while the of that country made war against Syria and other nations, hc (Bilaam) treacheroualy IOlzed on the capitnl, fort1fying it with ditchcs and waUa on three aidea, and guarding the lourth by venomoUl aerpents. Tbc king returned, and bad laid liege to thill city during nine years without IlUcceeding in capturing it, when MOIIeII arrived in hill camp. He adviseO him to take all the atorb' egga lrom the neighbouring 10rellts, to rear ihe young. and having withheld their lood from them lor some daya, to send them agaiuat the serpents. Tbe king did so, the storke deatroyed the serpents, and the city waa taken; but Bilaam C8CAl'ed through an oppoaite gate. ond again umtcd Phnraoh againat the people 01 Iarael. Tbe Ethiopiana made Moaea their fint vizier. and atlerwarda their king. giving to him the deceaaed lting'lI widow in marriage. But aa ahe waa an. idolater, he refuaed to treat her aa hill wife, nor did he participate in the religioua obaervaneea of the people: the queen therefore &c- clllClll him publicly. end propoacd her own BOn to rclgn in hili BLend; M08C8 ed to Midil\D; end Jethro. learing the Ethiopians, imprilloned him during tcn yenra giving I' G 108 CBlVALRY . CI. Why . do . you . not. water your eattle ?" inquired Moses, n ainee the night.will BOOn overtake you." " We do not venture to do so," replied Lija, "until the otber sbepherds, who bate U8 and our fatber, bave first .watered theirs. " Then MOles himBelf ledtheir. cattle to .the. well, and said, "If any of the shepherds haB aught agamst you, Imyself will see to the matter." The maidens yielded, nor did any of' the shepherds, .. who aB- sembled around,. dare to oppose Moses, for bis holy appearance filled them with awe. When Shuib, aBtonished at tbe unusually ea.rly return of his daughters, hea.rd f'rom them that a stranger had watered their cattle, he Baut Safutja to the well to invita bim to his house. But Moses, al- though sufFering with hunger, did not touch the re- freshments tbat were set before him; and when Shuib inquired why he rejected his hospitality, he replied, " I Dm not of those who o.ccept a rewo.rd f'or any good deed that they bave done." "In like manner, I," replied Shuib, "am not of those who sltow h08pitality onlyto their benefactors. My house is open to every strimger; and aB such, not aB the protector of my daughters, thou mayest accept my invitation." . MOBe8 thon ate till h ~ was aatisfiod, and rclatc.l during his repast what had befallen him in Egypt. "AI thou mayest not return to tby h o m e , ~ said him any food i but Zipora aeoretly aupplied him with bread and water, &0. TnE ROD. 109 Shuib, when he bad come to' the conc1usion of. his narrative, "remain with me as my shepherd, and, after semng me eight or ten years faithfully, rwill give thee my daughter Safurja to wife." . Moses aceepted this oft'er, and pledged himself to eight years' serviee, but added that he should eheerfully rema.in. two years longer, .if he bad. nothing to com- plain .of; and he abode tenyears . On thc morning following bis arrivRl, . he the daughters of Shuib to the. pastUre; but as he bad fted from Egypt without a stafF, . Safurja to him the miraeulous rod of her father, which bad. served for the support and defenee oE the prophete before him. Adam bad. it with him from Paradise: after bis. death it passed into .the hands of Shcth; after that it went :to Idris, then. to N oah; Salih, and Abraham.. Moses .was .thirty years. old The rod of Moaes W88 created on the aixth day, and given to Adam whUe yet in Paradise: he 16ft it to Enoch, and he gave it to Shem: from him it desoended to Isaac and J acob. The latter took it with him into Egypt, and belore bis death presented it to Joseph. When he died it W88 tali:en, wlth the reat of bis goods, to Pharaoh'. 'house, where Jethro, being one of the king's magiciana, aaw h; ud. taking it. with him to Midian, he planted it in bis garden, where no one W88 able to approach it until the arrival of Mosea. He read the mysterioUl worda written upon the stafF, and took it without diJlioulty from the ground. Jethro, who BaW thia, exclaimed, "Thia ia the man who sliall deliVeF IsraelI" and gave him bis daughter Zipom. With thia ataif Moaes kept Jethro'. flock during fony Ycar&, without being attaokcd by wild beute, aw1 withou' IUling any om bis fold." - M'adrcllA, p. 68. 110 TUE lII88ION. when he entered the se"ice . of Shuib, and thirty- eight on his mo.rringe with Safurja. In bis forticth year he determined. to return to Egypt, in order to. inquire after his relations and brethren in the faith. It was a cold and stormy day when he drew near.to Mount Thur, on which a bright fire was blazing; and he said to bis wife, "Rest here in the valley; I will see what this flame signifies, and bring t h ~ 0. few brands on my return." But when Moses ca.me near the fire, he hea.rd a voice out of the midst of the burning and yet unconsum:ed bush exclaim, "Take off thy shoes, for thou a.rt in the presenoo of thy Lord, who manifests himself to thee as The Light, to sanctify thee as his prophet, and to send thee to Pho.raoh, whose unbelief and cruelty o.re so great, that long ere this the mountains would have crushed him, the Sea.B have swa.llowed him up, or the llames of hea.ven con- sumed bis soul, if I bad not determined to give in his person a proof' of my omnipotenoo unto the whole world." :Moses fell down and said: "Lord, I ho.ve slnin an. Egyptian, and Pho.ra.oh will put me to dea.th if I appear before him; besides, my tongue has been para- lysed smce my infancy, 80 tliat I am not able to speak before kings." "Fea.r not, son of .Ammm I" rcplicd tbe voicc froin the me. "Ir thy Lord bad not wo.tched over thee, thou wouldst. have been changed into dust even before thy birth; but as rega.rds thy imperfect TUE SIGN. 111 speech, it sha1l not prevent the exeroise of thy calling, for I give to thee thy brother Aaron as vizier, who shall communioate my will to Pharaoh. "Go fearlC881y to Pharaoh; the staft' wbich is in thy band sha1l protect thee from violenoo. Thou oanat perauade thyaelf of it if thou wilt but lay it down on the earth." M08ea threw away bis staff, and, behold I ,it was changed into a large living serpent. He would ove fled from it, but the ange1 Gabriel held him back, and aaid, "Lay hold of it; it oan do thee no ha.rm." Moaes stretched out bis band towarda it, and it onoo more was changed into a stafF. Strengthened by this miracle, he was about to return to Safurja to punue With her his way to Egypt; but the ange1 Gabriel aaid to bim, CI Thou hast now bigher dutiea than thoee of a husband. By" command of .Allah, love already taken back thy we to her father, but thou shalt fulfil thy miaaion &lone." On the night that Moaea was treading Egyptian groulld, thore appcmred unto Aa.ron, who bad suoooeded his fatlter Ammm aa viziel' to Phal'aob, an angel. with a cryatal cup filled with the rareat old wine; and aaid, as he handed him the cup, "Drink, Aaron, oE the wine wbich the Lord has aent thee in token ofglad tidinga. Thy brother Mosea haa retumed to Egypt; God ohosen him to 00 bis prophet, nnd thee to be bis vizicr. Arise, and go to mcet him." 112 A.A.RON. ' .Aa.ron instantly left Pharaoh'.sclllmibei', in wbich he, as orice bis father beforo bim, W1UI obliged 10 watM, and went beyond the city towards the Nila. But ",hen he reached the bank 'of the stream, there Wall nota single boat &.t to rerry him Sud':' denly he beheld alight at a distanee; and on its neuer approach he discovercd 0. h01'8eman, who,ew towards him with the speed of the wind. It was Gabriel mounted on the steed Hizain; which mone like the purest diiunond, and whose neighings were celestial 8ODgs' of praise. . Aaron'sfirst, thought wasthat he was pursued by one of Pharaoh's men, and he W1UI on the brink of casting himselfinto the Nile, but'Gabriel Diide bimsolf known in time to prevent bim, IUld lifted him on his winged hol'86, ,which' carriedthem both to the opposite bank of the Nile. M0888 was sta.nding; and as 800n as bis brother, he Oried 8l0ud, "Tmth hs come, and 'falsehood has ed I " Gabriel then placed M0868 also beside him, and set him down before the house of his mother. But. Aaron he carried back into the royal palace, lUl<l when Pharaoh awoke, his vizier was again at bis post. M08e8 spent. the remainder of that night and the whole of the nen day with bis' mother, to whom he was obliged to relo.te all that had befallen him in 0. foreign land sinee the day of bis Hight from Egypt. Tbe second night he spent with .Aa.ron in Pharaoh's cham:ber. All the doo1'8 of ihe palace, however fast they were closed, opened of their own accord aB 800n TUE NIGHT-VISIT. 113 88 he touched them with bis rod, andthe guards standing before them became 88 if petrified. But when they reported in the moring what they had seen, and the porter who came in with bis keys to open the doors of the palace,' found them wide open, while neither door nor lock exhibited any mark 01 violenoo, and nothing of the ooetly things scattered through the vanous saloonS, were miSsing, Haman said to Pharaoh, "Aaron; who has watched by thee must explain this matter; tor 88 thy. chamber h88 likewise beenopened, tbe intruder can have had no other objeet than to converse with him." Pharaoh immediate1y summoned Aaron before Rabbi, Meier laya, PharaOh'B palace bad 400 gaa; 100 on each aide; and betore each gate stood 60,000 tried warno1'8. " n wu tl.erefore n ~ that Gabriel introduced Mose. and Aaron by another way. On aeeing them, Pharaoh Baid, Wbo hDl admitted them'" He BUmmoned the guards,' and com- manded some of them to be beaten, and othera to be slain. But u M0Be8 and Aaron returned ~ next day agam, the guardB, when called in, aaid, These men are sorceren, for they cer- tainly have not come in througb the gateB. " On the lI&II1e page it iB aaid, Before the garo of the royal palace ware two lion- eBBeB, which clid not BUfl'or any one to pD88 throughwithout the OXpre88 oommand of Pharaoh, and they would have ruahed upon KOBel; but he railed bis atafI; their chaina fell oft; and they followed him joyfully into the pa1ace, u a dog follow8 bis maater at\er a long separation," &c. And again, Tbe 400 gatee of the palace ware guarded by bean, lions, and other ferocio118 heut&, who BUft'ered no one to pD88 unleaa they fed them with 8Ih. Dut wbon Moaca and Aaron camc, they gathered .wout them, and licked the feet of tho prophet&, accompanying them to Pharaoh." -M'adrtuA, pp. 44, 44. 114 TUE "DENOUEHENT." him, and threatening him with the rack, demanded who bis nightly visiter bad been. Aaron, in the eonviction that Allah would not leave his prophet in the power of an iirlidel king, avowed that it was bis brother Moses who bad been with bim. Pharaoh immediately sentHaman with a detachmeilt of the royal body-guard into Moscs' dwelling, in order to bring him to judgment in the presence of all viziers and high officers of state, who ware forthwith ordered 10 assemble in the grand hall. He himself presided on bis throne, which was entirely of gold, and adomed with the most costly paarls and diamonds. When Moses stept m10 the judgment-hall, Pharaoh swooned away, for he reeognised in bim the child tho.t bad been saved by bis do.ughters, and now feared him the more, inasmuch as he knew that he was Aaron's brother, and eonsequently an Israelite. But he s ~ o reeovered, on their sprinkling bim with rose-water. and with his eonsciousness also returned bis former stubbome8s of haart. Pretending never to have seen him before, he inquired. "Who n.rt thou?" . "I am the servant of .Anah. and his messenger. " " Art thou not Pharaoh's slave?" ce I acknowleclge no other lord than the only Allah." tr To whom art thou sont?" "To thee, in order 10 admonish thee 10 faith in Allah. and in me bis messenger. and to lead forth the Israelites out of thy eountry." TUE BOBE OP HONOU& 115 "Who is the Allah in wh08e namethou speakeet to me?" " Tbe only One, the Invisible, wllo bath created hcn.vcn nnd eartb, and all tImt in thcm is." Pharaoh then turned to Ao.ron, and inquired of him, "What thinkeet thou of the words of this fool- hardy man ?" "I believe in the only God, whom he proclaiDlB, and in him IIB bis meBBenger." On hearing this, Pharaoh said to Haman, "Tbis man hIlB ceBBed to be my vizier: take oft' forth'With bis robe of honour I " Haman then took bis purple robe from him, and he stood IIBhamed, for the upper part of bis body WIIB uncovered. MOBeB CllBt over him hie woollen . gar:. ment; but, IIB he WIIB not accUBtomed to such eoane raiment, he trembled in an his limba.: At that mo- ment the ceiling oi the ball WIIB opened, alid Gabriel ong a rohe round Ao.ron glittering with so many dia- monds that all who were present were dazzled, lIBil the lightning bad 1lashed through the darkest n i h ~ Pharaoh admired this robe, ",hich bad not a single soom, and inquired of his treaBurer what might he ita value. "Such a garment," replied the troubled treasurer, " is priceleBB, for the meanest 01 the jewels is worth ten whole years' revenue of Egypt. Such diamonds I bt\ve llevcr bchcld in any bBZar, nor Are ibe like to be found among all the treaBures tbat have been 116 THE JlESSENGEB 01' ALLAlI. amaased in this palace from the earliest times. None hut sorcerers can obtain possession oE such jcwels hy Satanic arte." "Ye are then sorcei'ers I" said Pharaoh to MOBe8 an<l Aaron. "Be it.,o. I esteem sorcerers highly, . ud will . make you ,the heads of tbis fraternitY, if ye will swear not to UBC your a.rt to my pro- judice." "The Lord oE the distant cast and west," rejoined MoeeB, "has sent me as a prophet uiltothee, in order to'oonvert thee.' We are no soreerere." er And wherewithal wilt thou prove thy mi!8ion ? " MOBe8 ilung his staft' on the ground, and instantly it was c1umged into 0. serpent as huge as the Iargest camel. lleglanced at Pharaoh with fire-darting eyes, and i-a.ised Pharaoh's throne &loft to the ceiling, and open- ing bis jaws, cried, "Ir it pleased Allah, I oould not oo1y swallow up thy throne, with thee and all that are here present, but even thy pala.ce and all that it oontains, ,without. any one perceiving the slightest change in me." Pharaoh leapt from bis throne, ud adjured Moses, by Asia his wife, to whom he was indebted for life ud educa.tion, to protect him ago.inst this monster. At the mention of Asia's name, MOSOB felt compo.ssion towarda Pho.ro.oh, and callcd tho sOrpent to him. Tho serpent plaCed the throne in its proper position, and stepped like a tender lamb befoi'e Moees. He put bis band into bis jaws, and seized him by his tongue, IURDNEBS OF HEART. . 11 '1 wbereupon be onee more became 110 sta1F. But sca.roely was this peril warded oft' from Pharaoh, wben bis haart again opened to the wbispers of Satan, ud ~ t e d of lending bis ear to Moses, bo demanded 01 tbe viziers to counsel him what he should do. ce Let the hends of these two rebels be o ~ t off," said Raman, ce ud fear nothing from them; for all tbat tbey represent as divine wondels is nothing but idle delusion." ce Do not follow this counsel, mighty king I" cried Hiskil, the treaeurer: ce think of the contemporaries 0' Noah, ud the nations of .Aa.d ud Thamud. They also believed N oab, . Rud, ud Salih, the pro- phets whom Allah bad sent, to be demoDs and de- ceivers, until the wrath of Allah fell on them, destroy- ing thom ud their possessions by fire and water. ".. . But now uprose Raman's predeceBBOr, 110 hoary man of 110 hundred-and-twenty. yea.rs of oge, and said, ce Permit me also, 0 king of kings I before I descend to the grave, to impart to thee my opinion. What king oan boaet of having so muy magicians in bis kingdom aB thou? I therefore hold it to be the wisest plan that thou fix on 110 day in whicb thcy oll may 88Bemble together, and have 110 meeting with MOBeB ud Aaron. If these are nothing but sorcerers, the Egyptian masters of this art will not be 110 whit in- ferior to them; and then thou an still at liberty to do with them o.ocording to tby high will. But il thoy put thy sorcerers to shame, thon are they indeed 118 SEVENTY THOUs.um 8OBOEURS. the servante of a mightier God, to whom we aball be forced to aubmit." Pha.raoh approved of the counsel of bis aged and commanded all the sorcerera of seV6nty thousand in to repair to the capital at the expiration 01 110 month. When they wcre the king comma.nded them to. choose seventy chiefs from their body: and these seventy were a.gain to be represented by the two most renowned among in . order to contend in magio a.rts with Moses and Aaron in the laoe of the :whoIe people. Phn.moh's command was punctnally obeyed, and the choioe of the magioians fell on Bismn and two mcn of U ppor Egypt, who no less esteemed and feared throughout the whole country than Pharaoh himself: ' On an appo\ted day, for whom ala.rge lilken tent, embroidered with pearls and aupported on sUver pilla.rs, had been erected, proceeded to a large plain beyond the city,a.cCompanied by his vizien and the nobles of bis kingdom : Bisam and Rijam on the one aide of the tent, and Moses and Aaren on the other, awaited bis commands: and the whole population of Egypt WII.8 on the fieId of contest from earIy dawn, anxious to seo which party would obtain the victory. Pharaoh demanded of the two Egyptians to change their rode into serpente: tbis was done, and Haman sa.id to Pharaoh, "Did . not I CONTEST AND VICTORY. 119 tell thee that M08es and Aaron were no more than other sorcerers, who deaerve ohastisement for baving abuaed their art?" ce Thou tut too hRBty in tby judgment," eo.id Hiskil. ce Let us see first whether M08es will not be able to do still greo.ter things than these." At a sign from the king, Moses stepped forward and pmyed to Allah, tbat he would glorify bis name in the fo.oe of all Egypt. Allah then brought to nought the oharm of the Egyptians, whieb was mere illusion, and it WRB unto all preaent, as if a dark veil was removed from their eyes; and they recOgniaed again as staft's wbat bad appeared before as serpents. MoeeB threw bis staft' upon the earth, and it beoame a ~ r p n t with Beven heads, whieb did not remain motionless liko thoae of. the magiclans, hut pursued the two BOroerers with open jaw&. They w them- aelves to the eo.rth, arid exclaimed, ce We believe in the Lord of the W orld, the God of Moees and Aaron." Phamoh oried to them, wrathfully, ce How dare you oonfeBB youraeives to another faith Jrithout my permiBBion, aimply beoausa theae BOrcerers. are more doxtcrous th.m you? U nless you reca11 your words, I ahall causa your hands and feet to be out off, and aha1l hang you on the gallows." ce Wilt thou puniah us," replied the BOroerer&, ce beoause we oannot deny the signa of Allah? Behold wo ln'O l)roplU'Cd to yiold up our liVOB in support of our faith." 120 Pharaob, in order to set 80" terrible example, C8.used t ~ tbreo.tened punishment" to be executed on them, and tbey died tbe first martyrs to the faitb of Moaes. Tbe. king now waxed da.ily more crual; every beJiever was put to dea.th witb the moat excrucia.ting torturea. He did not even apare bis own daugbter, Maabeta., the wife of Hiakll, on lea.rning tbat ahe no longer bonoured bim as God.' Sbe endured witb admirable Cortitude tbe dea.th by ure, after seeing a.ll ber children ala.ugbtered before ber eyes at Pbaraob'a command. Asia beraelf was now accused before birn of o.poa- taay, and even abe was condemned to deatb, but tbc angel Gabrial comforted ber witb tbe annuncio.tion that abe abould herea.fter be united witb Mohamed in Pa.ra.diae, and gave her 80 potion by which ahe died without pain. Pharaoh now conceived, like Nimrod before bim, the iniquitoua deaign to war agamat the God of M08e8; he tberefore C8.11sed 80 tower to" be built, at whicb ufty tbouaa.nd .!\len, moatly Iaraelites, were compelled to labour day and night, be bimself riding up and down among tbem to urge on theindolent. But Moaesprayed to Allah, and the tower fell in, cruabing under ita ruina 8011 those Egyptiana wbo bad committed violence againat tho Iamolitoa. Dut evon tbia juclgmont mado only a. paaaing impression on the baart of Pharaoh, for Allah desired to perform atill grea.ter wondera before be condemned tbe soul of the king to etemal belL TBE PLAGUES. 121 First He visited him with a.' ood. Tbe Nile over- :owed its ba.nks, a.nd tbe waters rose 80 high' that they rea.ched to tbe neck of the tallest ma.n. After -that, a' l108t of locusts mvndod tbc land, wblch not only oonsumed oll but even oopper and iroD. Then foUowed oll kinds of disgusting vermin, whioh defiled oll mea.ts and drinks, a.nd filled oll 'garments a.nd beds, 80 that Pharaob, however often he migbt oha.nge bis raiment, bad a. moment's rast. When this plague disappeared, and Pharaob . still resisted the wishes ot Moses, oll the watel'8 were cbanged to blood as soon as an Egyptia.n took them in bis band, but remained unoha.nged for the Israelites. Finally, many of tbe Egyptia.ns, especially the more eminent, who bad strengthened Pharaoh in bis un- belief, were tumoo into stone, together 'with oll their goods. Here, one might see a. petrified man, sitting in tbe bazaar, with a bala.nce in bis ha.ndJ there, 'another, marking witb the Kalam, or oount- iD.g gold, a.nd even, the gate-keeper ot the pa1ace atD9d . , "All the water kept in Teuel8 W88 cbanged into blood, even the spittle in the mouth or the Egyptian8; ror it is written, there W88 blood througbout. the land of Egypt,'" Rabbi . Levi informs 118 tbat thi8 plague enricbed the J eW!I; Cor U' a Jew and an Egyptian lived together in the same house, and the Egyp- tian went to draw water, it W88 cbanged into blood; but iC the Jow woot, it rClnl\inod pure. Drinkillg out of tbe samo veBBel, the Jew obtained water, and the other blood; but iC the latter bough' i' of iTe", it remained pure." - M;drYllla, p.46.
122 there tumed' tb stone, holding a sword in bis light haild. Omar Ibn Abd Alnsis had in bis posso88ion ,all kinds of petrified fruite of those times, imd frequeptly showed them to bis gueste as 'a warning :against un- belief. At Moses' pi'ayer, Allah revivedthe petri- fled men; but when ,Pharaoh refused:afresh to. permit the Israelltes to depart, there burst out Upon the land 80 thick a darkness, tha.t whoever happened to be standing. could not eit down, and whoever hap- penedto be eitting had, no power 'to rise.Thereupon the Nile was dried up, so that man and beast died of thirst. On this occasion, Pharaoh himself ran to Moses and d j ~ r e d him to pray for himonee more, that the water might ftow back into the Nilc. For tho last time, Moses prnyed for'him, and the Nile was not only ::fi.lled to itsbanks, butthere !also streamed from 'it allttle b'rook, which followed Phil.raoh whither- 80ever he went, 80 tha.t . at any moment. 'he was ;able to aupply with 'water ,both :man and beast. But instelMl of turning, to Allab,the king made use of this special favour 'also ~ a meil.nsof inducing the people to reverence him still as God. . The 10ng-suiFeringot theLord-was now exha.usted, and the king was himself topronouncehis sentenee, aild to ohoose the mimner of death which his wieked- .'ne88 had deserved. , Gabriel assumed the appea.rance of a :noble Egyptian, 'and a.ceused before Pharaoh one Thi. Omar W88 the eighth'caliph o( the houae oe Om&ridea. , He' aacended the throne in the 99th 'year o( the Hegira, and \\'88 previouy govemor o( Egypt. . ........ . TBESENTENOE. cf bis slaves who, in bis absence, bad proeIa.imed se1f the lord of the and constrained tbe othe,r .cJomestics . to serve him. " Tbis impostor, said raoh, "deserves to die." . "How shall I put him to death?" . "Let him be into the water. " Give me a written warrant." Pharaoh COlDDianded &I1 instrument to be drawn up, aecording to which any .slave who usurped the 'honours of bis masWr, wasto be drowned. Gabrielleft Pharaoh, and gave Moses the command to quit Egypt with hispeople. Pharaoh pursued them with.bis hOBt, and enel9sed them on all eides, :so that there remained no other way of escape to Israel tha.n. towards ,theRed ,Sea. in between the. Egyptians and :tbe sea, they fell with reproaches upon Moses, who bad broQght them into this dangerous position; but he raised bis staft' towards the waters., and instantly there.were twelve paths opened through the sea, tor the twelve tribes :0' Israel; each ofwhioh was separated from the rest by a lofty, yet quite .transparent wall Whcm Phamoh :r-.ohed the aea-ehore, and beheld the dry pathsin the mielst of tbe sea, he . said to Harnan, "Now is Israel lost to us, for even tb.e watera &eeQl to favour their ight. " But Hamm replied "Are not those paths opened llkowise for U8 ? We aha1l soonovertako thom witb . our horse." G !a 124 TmB"DJU.TH-wABiUBT. took tho path 'in wbih Moaea ',"th the tribe of Levi; but bis eteed grew restive, 'Uld- wia Unwilliug to go" .forward. Then mounted Gabriel, in liuman form, on" the horse Rainka, aud rode in before Phalaoh. Thi hone was 80 beautiful, that 88 800n as the king's stOOd saw hiui, he plunged in bebind. ' ' . " wben Pharaoh and bis wbole bost were in the 'sea, ibe angel Gabriel turnecl to 'the king, and showed bim the wammt ofthe previous day, bealing the royal :seal, and said-" Frail mortal; wbo 'didst desire to be 'wonbippea as God I behold,' thou' hast condcmnecl ,tbY8elf to die by water." At these words, the twelve walls tumbIed,in, tbe floods bunit forth, and Pbamob ".nd 0.11 followed bim perisbed in the waten. But in order to convince' both tbe 'Egyptians wbo- bad renwned behind, 88 weIl aB theIsraelites,of Pha.riI.oh's 'coinnianded the waves to cast hiS body flrst on tbe western ud then 'on the eaatern sbore of tbe Red Sea.. . ' But now Moses bad no lese to contend against t11e Isra.elites, than formerly against Pb&raoh;: for they .med unable to tear themselves from th6 serVice of idobs, notwithstandhlg all 'tbe wonders of the only . Lord, which he bad performed. .' Yet RB long a.s he' tarrid with them they presumed '-,iot to demand an idol; but ",lien Allah called him to ,itimself ')n Mount Sinai, they thPeaten6d Aaron, whom he had left behind 88 his representative; with death, if ho would not give them an idoL . THE GOLDP OALlI'.:' 126 &miri Jiow admonisbed' them to bring iIll.' their gold, including even the omame.nts of their women" and Cast it into a copper caldron, under whieh.. 11 etrong firo, was lighted. JJ 800n ae the gold. w...,' melted, he ftung into it a handful of. sand; which he, bad taken up from undel' the hoof of Gabriel'e horee, anei, 10 I there was formed out of it, a ca.1f, which raR up and down like a one. . "Here ie yourLord, o.nd ,the L9rdof MQeeeJ" then Oried Samiri j "thie God we will worehip J " tI '. Whilet the Israelitee, notwithstanding the admo- nition of bad abandoned Allah, theangel Gabriel uplifted Moeee 80 high into the ,heavens, that he heard the of the, bad ,juet 'received the' command to the I?OOQlogue for him and for ,bis on the tablete of fate. , . But the higher Moses 'roee, the etronger grew, hie deeire to behold Allah himself in bis glory. , Thel,l commanded Allah al1 the angele to eUl'1'6un(l Moees, . Jmd .to . a song of pmiee: Moeee ewoonod away, for he was wanting in strength :OOth to , .. Aecording to the RabbiDical legends. simaeI (Satan) l'UIhed ioto the calf, ud groaned 80 loudlYt that the Iaraelitel believed it Uviog. The Rabbis al80 maiDtaiood that it wu not Aaron, but 80ma other pcl'8On (80ma 1&1 Micah) who made the caIr. - Vide Seigtr, p.167. Q a 12'6" TlIE 'CUOSEN PEOP:L1!:. behld' these nOsts' of shlniDg forms s weIl Bi io hear their thrilling voices. ' :, But ",hen he Clame t himlIelf aga.in he conf'essed that ' be bad' asked a sinfulthing, and repented. He then pryed to'AIlah that he would make bis peOple the Most uoellent of the e&rth.' " But Allah replied, tc The' KaIam'hns Olready'ma.rkeddown as suob the of Mohamed, because' they shall, fight for the tr\le' faith until it Cover the whole earth;" , Ce continued M0se8, "rewaro. 'tenfold, the good deeds of my people, and visit sin but onoe; let alBQ . eacli ,good intention, though not Carrled into eiFect, obtain a recompense, butpaBB by eaeh evil thought unpunished." " These are privileges," replied Allah, " accorded to those 'only who believe in Moh&rnoo" 'in whose name even' :Adam praYed tQ me. , AdmoniSh, therefore, thy people to faith in him, ror he sball rise first on the day ofthe resurrection from bis grave, and enter into Paradise at the bead of all the prophet&. He 8lso shall obtain the grace of revealing to bis people tbe oommandment of tbe five daily prayers arid the fast of Ramadhan. " ... , It is woll known that the MUI8ulmans keep :rearly fast which laste trom BUnriae to Bunaet a whole month; ud they evan exceed the JewB in .trictne.es, for they not only take nei- ther , Bor drink, but a1eo abetain irom Bmoking during the fast. AB their year is IUDIU!, the m!>Dth of falla at every aeason of the :year. ' Tim WANDEBING JEW. 12,7 : ' . Wheri Moses returned again to bis own' imd found them worshipping the galden .ca.l4 he fel1 upon Aaron, caught him by thebeard,. and was on the point of strangling him, when sworc tho.t ho was innocent, and pointed out as the prime mover of this idolatry. Moees then summoned Samiri, and would have put him to death inSta.n.tly, but Allah directed thathe should be soot into banishment. , . Ever smce that time he roams like a wild beast throughout the world; every one shUDS him, and purifies the ground on which bis feet have stood, and himself', whooever ho approaches men, exclaims, ce Touch me not I" . Moees expelled him from. the camp oI tho Israelites, at Alla.h's command,' hecaused the calf' to be broken inpieces, and having ground it to dUst, forced Sainiri to defile it. It was then put. into water, and given the Israe1ites to drink. . . After Samiri's removal, Moses prayed Allah to have mercy on bis people; but Allah repIied, (' I ca.nnot pardon them, for sin yet dwells in theirinward parts, ahd will only be washed awar by the pou:on which thou hast given them. . On returning to the camp, Moses heard woeful shriokings. Many of the Ianuilltes, with ghaatly faces and with bodies frightfully swollen, cast them- aolves down beroro him, and cried, ce Moses, help U8 r G 4 128 TBE EXPIATION-JrlOUNT SINAr. ~ h e , golden calf is tearingoUr vitals; wewill repent, and die cheerfully, if Allah will hut pardon out sin." Man,. repented really 'of their sillfl; but lrom otheri only pain and ,tbc fear of, death bad extorted these expreuions of i'epentance. ' . MoseB eommanded them, ,therefore, in the name of Allah, to slay eooh 'other. . , ,Then there rose a dllol'kneBB, like unto tha.t which Allah bad Baut upon Pha.ra.oh. The innoeent and re'" elainied hewed with the sword to the right 'and to the left, so that many alew their. nearest kinsmen; but Allah gave their swords pOwer' ovar the guilty only. Seventy thousand worshippers of. idols. bad aJready. fallen, w hen MoseB, moved by the eries of women and children, implored God onee more for merey. , Instantly the hea.vens grew elear, the sword rested, and all the remaining siek ware ,healed. . .' . On the lollowing day Mose$ read unto them the Law, ud admonished them to obey serupuloualy itS ilteseriptions. But many of the people 8X.- elaimed, "Weshall not submit to such a ~ e . The Iaws eapeeially obnoxious to them were those 'whieh regulated the revenge of blood, and punished the pettiest thelt wit:h the IOBB of the band. At that instant, Mount Sinai beeame vaulted over their hcads, exeluding thc vcry light ol hea.ven from them, and there ericd a voiee from the rocks, "Sou of I8rael, Allah has redeemed you from Egypt merely to be the bearers of hi8 lawa.: if you refuse this burden, TUE LAND.OF. GIANTS. 129 we 8ha1l fall in upoIi you, and thus you shaIl be com .. pelled to sUPP9rt a weightier mass until the day of the resurrection. With one voice tbey tben exclaimed, "We a.re roody to Bubmit to tbo law; and to ooccpt it as tbe rule oi .our lif'e. .. When Moses bad instl'Uoted them fully in the law, and. expounded wba.t was pure and impure, what lawful and what unlawf'ul, he gave the signal. to 'march for the conqu6st. of the promised. land of Paleetine. But notwithstanding all the wonders of ..Allah, who fed them with Dl&IlIl8o and qua.ils in the wilder- ness, and caused twelve fresh fountains to' spring out of the' rooky ground wherever they -encamped, tIley were still faint-hearted, and would not depart until they bad obtained better information rspecting . the country and its inhabitants through s p ~ Moses was obliged to yield, and sent a man out oe every tribe into Paleetine. The spiee on their return related: "W e have seen the land whieh we are to Bubdue by the sword j it is good and fruitf'ul. "The strongest oamel is scaroely ahle to carryone single bunch oi grapesi a single ear yields suflicient com to satisfy a whole family I and the shell 01 a pomegranate can easily contain five armed man. 9 "But the inhabitants of that country and their citiea are of a size proportionate to the proclucts of G IS 'ISO . 1108_ .um JOSHUA. their BiI. We have seen men the smallest oE "hom Wal! aix huildred. oubite high., They stared at our dwariish appearance, and dcrided. UB. Thcir housea , naturally 'crreapond with theii: &ze" and the walls 'which liurr9und their eitles a.re so high that is soarcely able to soa.r to the sllmmit thereof." 'When the spies luUl finiahed thcir report, they dropped down dead; only two of thcm, J oshua, the ,son of Nun, andCaleb, 'who bad kept silence,re- mained. aIive. murmured aga.inst Moses, and said, We shall never fight againSt such a people. If' thou' hast a mind to : do so, march &lone with thyGod aga.inst them." . . ThereuPon Moses announced to them, in the name 01 AlIah, that by reason of 'their distrust in thehelp '01 Him who had divided the sea for thcir safety, they ware, dooll\ed. to Wander torty yes.rs'through the :wiI- derness. He then took leave 01 them, and prellching the true faith 'through the whole 'emh, trom east to west and trom north to south. ' When Moses was, one day., boasting of his wiSdoin to his servant Joshua, who a.ccompaniedhiIn, Alla.h said :," Go to the Persia.n GuIt, where the seas of the Greeks amd tho Persians oommingle, and thou Bhalt thoro ibid one 01 my, piOUB serVante who surpasses h . d" ' t co. In W18 om. ' . ' , sluill I recognise this,we inan P" 131 r. "Take with thee nah in: a:basket; i*will"ahow thee where my servant lives. " MosetJ now departed with J towardS dOuntry ",hieb Allah had,pointed out, and him a nsh 'in a "ba8ket." On OCQaSion he laid himself down, exhausted, on shore, und tell asleep. It was late when he awoke, and he hurried on to reach the desired inn; hut Jo.- ahua bad, in bis haste, neglected, to" U!ke :&shwith him, torgot .to. l:ain! 9f . It was not until the next morning that they miesed their Sah, andwere on the .point otreturning th,e .spot where they bad .rested on the preceding day , hut on i'eaching the sea-ehore they heheld a :&sb gliding quite on :the surface of therein, as Sah are wont to do: they soonrecognised it aa .. theirs, . and, therefore, after italong the shore. After having, tor a few followed their guide, it !iludderi1y di:ved below: they stood still, and thought: "Herethe god-fearing man whom wa are must dwell;" and S09n they descried a cave, ovel' whose entrance was written, "In the name of Allah, the All-merciful and All-gracious. 'p. On step- ping in, they tound a man, who appearedin all the hloom and vigour of a youth of .seventeen, hut with a mowwhite heard, owing even to bis feet. It was the prophet .Chidr, who, though gifted with eternal YOlith, was witlml ondowed "with the Sncst ornament of hoary nge, G6 132 " Aftermutual salutation, 'Moees aaid: 4cAooept me llB thy disciple, and pennit mo toaoo<>mpany thee in , thy wanderings through the world, that I may ad- mire the wisdom whicb...Ana.h has bestowed on thee." "Thou canst not comprehend it, and wilt there- fore not- remain long with me." "It Allahpleases, thou ehalt find me both obedient and patient. Rejeot me not I" . " Thou mayst follow me, yet mUt thou ask roe no question ~ t l I shall, of my own accord, explain my aetions. " . . . When Moses bad . submitted to this condition, Al Chidhr took him to the shore of the sea, where a veBBeI . WIlB lying at ancbor. He took an axe and struck' out two planke of the vessel, 80 that it Bank immediately. . . . .4, What dOst thou?" oried Moles: "the men that are in' itwill now perish." "Did I not say," replied Al Chidr, "thou wilt not long continue patiently with me? " "Pardon me," said Moses, "I bad forgotten my l'romise;" . Al Chidr then jQurneyed funher with him, wtll they met a. bea.utiful hoy, who was playingwith shelIs on the sea-shore. Al Chidr drew bis be, and cot tho throat of tbo oMId. Mosea oried, "Why murderest thou an innocent abild, who can in no wiae havodeserved death? thou hllBt committed a great orlme 1 " EXPLAIU.TION. 133' "Did I not tell thee," replied Al Chidhr, .. thou canst not Iong in my eompany?" . "Pardon me yet this once," replied Moses, . ci and if I inquire again, then mayest thou rejeet me I" . . Thoy now tmvollcd long to and fro, until. they arrived weary and hungry in.a large city. Yet no one would Iodge them, nor give them mea.t or drink without money. SuddenIy, Al Chidhr beheld how. the walls of 0. bea.utiful: inn, out of whieh they , bad just been driven,threa.tened to fall in; he then stepped before them, and supported them until they etood upright aga.in; and when he bad strengthened them, hewent bis way. Then said Moses .to . him, "Thou hast now per- form.ed a work whieh would have occupied many masoDS during several why hast. thou . not at least demanded areward that we might have boughi some provisions?" . " Now we must separate," said. Al Chidhr; "yet ere we part, I will exp1ain tothee the motives of my conduct. Tbe vessel whieh I have damaged, but. whieh may be easily repred, bel.onged to poor men,' and formed their only 80urce of maintenanee. . At the time I struck it, many ships of a certain tyrant were ing in those seas, capturing every servieea.ble craft. . , By me, therefore, these poor sailors have saved theU' >nIy property. "Tbe child whom I have sIa.in ja the son of pioUl parents; but he himsel! (1 perooived it in bis face) 134 ,"l'D.OVIDBNOB. waS of a dElpmved natUre, arid would, in thi end,hnve 100 bis parent8. into evil "I have tberefore preferred to slay him: Allah will. give them. pious ohildren in bis atead. , "'. ".As tor the wall of which I have r8.ised up .imd it' belongs .to two orphans whose father wa8 a piou8 man. Beneath the wau there i8 a treasure hid, which the present owner would have it bad faUon: I have therefore repaired it, tha't the treasure may be left 8eQUle untilthe cbUdren shall ha.ve grownup.. i. " . . rf Th9u seest "continued Al Chiclhr, "that in au this I have not pa88iou, but have acted: acoording to the will of my lord." M08es pmyed Al Chidhr onoe more to pardon him, but did l!o8k.permission to remain with bim. . ... ' This evlciently 01 J ewiah origin. It ia related 1'e8pI!Ctmg w1)Ue OQ :Mount Slnai, tbe Lord in., IItructed him in the mysteries of Js providence. . Moaes c<imp1ined of theimpunity of vice and itl '811ccess iil thii world, and the frequent suft"eringa of the innocent, the Lord . took. hiDl to.a rock .whicb projected hom the mountain, and J"bere he could overlook the vaat plainof the desert stretching at'liis feet. ' . . '. . . On ODe of its 'oaaeshe beheld ayoungArab as1eep. He awoke, and, leaviDg behind hiDl bag of poarla, he 8pl'UJIg into his aaddlo, and rapidly disappoared from tllO horizon. Anotbcr Arab Q(I.IIle to t.he oaais: he discovered the cook them; and Vanished in the' opposit-e direction. N ow. an aged' wanderer, on bis .beJit pis weary THE NOBTH. 135 . During the "last' thirty . yea.rs M0se8 bad passed through the 8Outhern, eastern, and western .pam 01 the earth; and there ware yet left to him ten years for wandering in the north, which, the ferocity 01 the nations of that region, and the rigi- dity of its .climate, he visited in every direction until' he came to the great iron wall which Alexander bad erected to protect the inhabitants against the prooatory inoursions of the nations of J adjudj and he hadadmired wall, which is cast in one piece, he' praised the 'omnipotenoe of Allah, and retraQed bis steps towards the Arabian desert .. Nine-and-tbirty years bad already elapsed he .bad eeparated from bis. brethreJl. Most of. the . stepi towards the ahady spot': .he laid himself down, .d. feil 1I8l0ep. nut scarcely had he olo8edhia eyes, when hewu l"UdeIyi-ouaed from slumber:; the young Arab bad retumed; alid -demaI1ded bis. pearls. The boary man replied, he bad DOt taken .them. The other. grew enraged, and accuaed him of theft. . He 8'Wore that he had not seen bis treasure; but the ot.ber Beizedhim; a acule enaued; tbe young Arab drew his . 8'Word, and plung.,d it into the breaat of the aged man, who feIl lelesa on the cuth . "0 Lord, this justice P" ,,*cia.imed Moses terror. Il Be eilont I Bohold Ui man, whose blood i. now mlngliDg lI'.itlt tho waterl of deaert, Das many years ogo secretly, on tho same spot, murdered the father of the youth has DOW sIain him. His cnme .concealed trom men, 'hut ven;, geance ia mine-I wrn.repay I " The reader mUlt be struck with the similarity oe these fiCtiODB and the beautiful poem on the same subject by farnelI, who, unacquainted with the Arabio legend, may have I'eIId the ODO we have related iD Schiller's 1& Sendung Moses." - B. T. 138 .' XOBlL .: Israelites whom Le, .left". in their. prime bad meanwhile died, and another generation bad risen in their stead . AmODg the lew aged, menwho yet remained was bis kinaman Karun (Korah), Ibn. J acbar, Ibn Fa- He bad learned fromMOBeIt' sister, (Miriam), who was bis wife, the acieDce of alchemy, 80 that ho was able to convert the meanest metal into gold. He was so rieh tbat he built 10fty walls of gold round his gardens; and reqUired f'orty niwes to carry the. keys of bis treasuries when he travelled.. By means of bis 'wealth he bad succeeded in acquqmg 0. truly regal infl,uence during M9ses' absence. But at Moses' return, bis importance diminished, he resolved on bis destruction. He therefore visited a m8.idenwhom Moses from the camp on . account of her abandoned and promised to marry her if she would declare before elders oE the congregation' that .Moses bad only because she bad refused to listen to his propOsals. She pro- mised' Korah to act entirely alter bis will. But when ehe arrived betore the eIden, with the intention. oE Moses, was not able to preter her. charge. Allah. put different words into her she acknowledged her . guUt, and confessed tht Korah bad induced her, by innumerable pro- The Midraah' 8&ya: "Korah bad 800 white mules, wbicb carried the keys Irbis treaauriea. .His wealth was bis ruiD I". 13'1 nUses, to' brlng " faJee accusation agaiIiet' Moeea. Moses prayed to Allah for protection .. against the malignity of bis kinsman; and 10 I the earth opened under the feet of Korah, and devoured him, with all bis assoeia.tes and goods. AB the fortieth yea.r was hastening to its close, Moses marched with the Israelites towards the fron- tier of Palestine. But when Jalub Ibn Safum, the king of Balka, te- ceived intelligence of the approach of the who bad already in their ma.rch conquered many eities,' called to him Beliam the sorCerer, the son of Baur, in hopeB to be enabled, by his council and aid, to, withstand the Israelites. But an angel appeared to Beliam in the night, and forbade him to accept the' invitation of J Mub. When, thcrefore, the messcngars of the king rcturned to Balka \vithout Belia.m, J .... lub purchased the most cost1y jewels, and sant them secretlyby other messengers to Beliam's we, to whom the sorcerer was so much attached as to be qUite under her controL Beliam's wife accepted.the- presents, II.Ild. persuaded her husband to undertake tho journey. Tbe king, a.ecompanied by his viziars, 1'O!le out some distanee to meet him, and appointed one oE the most beautiful houses oE the city for his a.bode. According to the custom of the country, the guest was provided three days from the royal tables; and tbe viziors visitcd him from time to tilDe, without speaking, however, of the object for which he bad 138 been called 'to BalJia. It was not lUltil \he: fourth day that he was sumJDoned to the king, and entrea.ted to eurse the people 'of IsraeL But Allah paralysed. the (Ongoe of Beliam, so tUt, notwitbStanding bis hatred towards the people, he was not able to utter a word of impreeation. , When tbe king saw this, he prayed him at least to assist with his eQunsel agamst the invading nation. , "The best means againat the Isra.e1ites," said Be- 'liam, "who are so terrible only through the as8istance of Allah, is to 1e8.d them into ein. Their GOD then forsakes them, and they are unable to resist any foe. Send therefore the most beautiful women and maidens of the capital to meet them with proviSions, thil.t they may yield to sin, and then thou shalt easily overcome them." ' .. The .. king adopted thia counsel j but M08es was apprised thereof by tbe angel Gabriel, and caused the ftrst Israelite wbo WOB led into sin to be put to death, and as a warning commanded his bea.d to be carried on a spear, throughout the camp. He then instantly led'on the attaek: Balka was taken, and the king, with . lleliam aild ;ts were the first to perish .in the fight. Soon.after the conquest of Balka, Gabricl ap- peared, arid eommanded Moses, .togetber with Aa.ron and bis sons, to follow bim to & lofty mountnin whieh l&y neai the city. On 'reaching the pinnacle of the mountain they bebeld & finely-wrought cava, in the midst 'of .wbich there,stood &CQftin,with. 1'ilE DBA.TB bi" 139' u t am. desiined for bim whom I fit. " Mosea desired to lay himselt' first into it, but his feet' pro- . truded; then Aaron placed himsclf in it, and, 'be- hold it fittcd hirn, IUI if his moosure had Gabriel then led Moses and Aaron's sons beyond the cave; but he himself returned to wash and to bless Aaron, whose soul ha.d been taken by the Angel of Death.: When M08es tb the camp without Aaron, and announced his death to the lsraelites who . inquii-ed' for his brother, he was suspected f having murdered him; many even were not af'raid to proclaim their suspicions in publie.. MOses prayed to Allah to manifest his innocence:' in the presence of all the people, and behold four angels brought Aaron's coflin from tbe cave, and raised it above tbe camp of tbe Isiaelites, BO that every one could see him, and one of the angels exclaimed, u Allah hlUl taken Aaron's soUl to himself." Moses, who now anticipated his approachlng end, pronounOOd a Jong discourse before the Israelites, in which he enfoiced on thcm the most important la.ws. At the close he warned them against falsifying the law, which had 'been revealed to them, and in which the tutul'e appeo.rance of Mohamed, in whom they were all to believe, was quite clearly announced. A few days after, while he was reading in the law, the Angel of Death visited him. Moses u lf' thou In perfect accordance with the Midrash, p. 266. 140 'l'Q DBATB .OP1I0aE80. be eomDlanded to recetve tD.1 soul, take it trom roy mouth. tor it waa cnatantly oooupiod'with tho word of Allah, and. haa not been touched by any unclean. thing." He then put on bis most beautiful rohes,: appoi.nted Joahua bis.auccessor, and died at an age of one hundred and twent.y, or, aa isOme of th learned maintain, of one hundredand eighty YearB - the meroy of Allah be with him I . . ' . , Othen relate the particulars of. Moaea' death as follows 1-When Gabriel announced to. him bis ap- proaohing dissolution, he ran hurriedly to h,is dwelling,. and knocke<l hutily at the door. His wife Safurija o ~ n e it, !Ul,l beholding him quite pale, and with ruftled oountenanoe, inquired, "Who puraueth thee, that thou runnest hither in terror and lookest dia-- mayed? who is it that p\\r8ueth thee for debt? .. , Then Mosea answered, ce Ja there a mightier cre- dltor thl\n the Lord of heaven and earth, or a more dangerous punuer than the Angel of Death? " " Shall then a man who haa spoken with Allah die?" , " AlSuredly. even the angel Gabriel ahall be da- livered to death, and Michael imd Iarafil, with all other angela. Allah alone ia eternal, and never dies." &furija wept until ahe awooned awil.y; but when ahe eame to heraelf, Moses inquired, "Where are my ohildren ? " " They are uleep." TUE DEATH Ol!' JrlOBES. 141 ,,- ce Awaketbem, tliat I may bid them . 'last "fare- "ell." . . : Safurija went before tbe couch of tbe and cried, '-' Bise, yo poor orphans; riso, and take leave of your father, for tbis day is bis last in' thii world and bis :first in tbe next." , , The ehildren started -from their sleep in aft'right, and cried, "W oe unto usl wbo will have compassion upon os wben we shall be fatherless? wbo will with solicituile and o.ifeotion step over our tbreahold?" ' Moses was so moved, that be wept bitterly. - " ') Then aaid Allah to bim, "Moses, what signify tbese tears? Art thou afraid 01 death, or departe8$ thou relucumtly from this world?" ' fC I faar not deatli, and leave this' world witb glad ... nees; but I havo compnssion on theSo' children trom wbom tbeir fo.ther is about to be tm." cc In wholD trusted thy inother when sbe confided tby life to the waters ?" , "In Tbee, 0 Lord." ' ,i Wlu:i protected tbee -agaiost Pharaoh, and gave thee a'stnfr with wbicb thou dividedst tbe aeo.? ", " Thou, 0 Lord." . , "Go, -tben, onee more to tbe 8ea"'8bore, lift up -thy staif over tbe waters, and thou shiUt see another sign of iny omnipotenee." - - Moses followed_ this command, and instantly tbe sca ,,11.8 dividcd, and be bcheld in the midst thcreof buge black rock,' Wben be eame near it, Allo.b 142 TBE DEATB OF cried to hirn, ce Smite with thy staif." He smote it; the rock was eiert in twain, and ho 1Il\W bencmtJ. it in &!IOrt 01 & cave, & worm with & green leat in its . mouth, which cried three. times, " Praised be . Allah, wbo doth not forget me in my solitude.l Praised who hath nourished and raise!l me p J"- The worm was silont; and Allah said to Mose-s, "Thou seest that I do not the worm underthe hidden rook in the sea: and how should J forsa.ke thy children, who do even now confess :that God is One, and that Moses is his prophet? . M08CS thon retumed to bis housc, com .. ,'orted his wife ud ohildren, and went &lone 10 the mountain. Thoro ho f'ound four mon, wore dig- ging a grave, ud he inquired 01 them, "For whom is this grave?" They replied, "For & man whom Allah desires to have with him in heaven.". begged permission to assist &t the grave of so pious a man. When tbe work was done he inquired, "H&ve you taken tbe measure of the dead?" "No," they said, "we have forgotten it," "but he was of thy form and stature: lay thyself in it, that may see whether it will :6t thee 4lJah will reward thy kindn088." But when Moses bad laid himself down within it, the Angel of Death stepped bef'ore him, "nd so.id, "Poa.ce be upon thee, Moses I " . Cf Allah bloss tbee, and ho.ve pity upon thee I Who . Art thou ? " u I am the Angel of Death I Prophet of Allah, and oorne to receive thy soul." BIS SEPlJLOBRE. ce How wilt thou take it 1" ce Out of thy mouth." 143 ce Thou canst not, for my mouth has spoken with God." ce I will draw it out of thine eyes." ". Thou mayst not do so, for they have. seen the light of the Lord." . " WeIl then, I will t.ke it out of e ears." . ce This. also thou mayst not do; for they hb.ve heard the word of Allah." ce I will take it from thy bands." CI How darest thou 1 Have they not borne the dia-. mond tablets on whioh the law was engraved 1" . Allah then oomma.ilded the Angel of Death to.ask oE Ridhwan, the guardian ofParadise, an apple. Qf Eden, Md to prcsent it to Moses. Moses took the app]e from the hand of the n ~ l .of Death to inhale its fragrance, and at. that instant bis noble soul rose through his nostrils to heaven. But bis body remained in this grave, which no one knew save Gabriel, Miohael, Israfil, and Azrail, who had dug it, a n ~ whom Moses bad taken for men." 144 " TUE Israelites lived under J08hua, (who wu, how- ever, "not a prophet, butinerely a virtuous prince and valialit chief) conforinably to the iaW8 reveaJ.ed by Moses; the Lord therefore enabled them to expel the giants from the land of C8.I1a&n, and o.t their cry, "Altab is great," the loftiest walls of fortified eities fell in. " But after J c>sbua's death they relapsed into all " thoSe iniquities on aeeount ofwhich theEgyptians bad been 80 severely punisbed; wherefore, .Allah, in order to ebastise and to reclaim his p o p l ~ "sent the giant, Djalut (Goliah) against them, wh defeaied them in "numerous engagements, and eveti took from them the Tabut (the sacred ark of the Covenant), 80 that the proteetion of Allah entirely departcd from them. " One day, when tbe heads of the people were assern- bled to eonsult in what mann er the mighty Goliath nrlght be resisted, there came a man to tbem of the family of Aaron - his name WIl8" Isbmawil Ibn Bol (Samue}), and snid, "The God of your fatllers sent me to you to proclaim speedy help, if you will turn to him, but utter destruetion if you continue in your wieked courses." " 8A.HUEL. 146 "What shall we do," inquired one of the elder8' " to obtain the favour of Allah?" Samuel replied: "You shall worship Alla.h alone, ILnd oft'cr no BlLCrifioos unto idole; nor eilt thlLt wbich ha.e died of iteelf, nor flesh, nor blood, nor any tImt hIlB not been slo.ughtered in the name of Alla.h. Assist ea.ch other in doing good, honour your parenta, trea.t your wives with kindness, sup- port the widow, theorpho.n, and the poor. Believe in the prophets that have gone before me, e8peciaJ.ly in Abraham, for whom Alla.h tumed the buming pile into a garden of delight; in Isma.eJ, who8e. neck he rendered invulnerable, and for whom he Caused a fountain to spring up in the stony desert; and in Moses,who opened with bis rod twelve dry' paths tbrough the sea.. " Believe, in like mann er, in the prophetsthat shall come after me; above all, in Isa Ibn Mariam, the spirit of Allah (Christ), and in Mohamed Ibn Abd Alla.h." "Who is Isa?" inquired one oE the heads oE Isrnel. er 110 is tho prophot, " roplicd Samuel, "whom the Scriptures point out as the W ord oE Al1a.h. Bis mother shall conceive him as a virgin by the will of the Lord and the brea.th of the angel GabrieL Even in the womb he shall praise the omnipotenoo of Allah, and testify to the purity oE bis mother : but at 11. later period he shall heal the siek and leprous, ra.iee a 146 CHRIST AND IlOH..UrIED. the dead, and create living birds out of cIay. His godless oontcmpomries will Aftlict and attcmpt to crucif'y him; but Allah sball blind them, so that another shall be crucmed in bis stead; while he, like tbe prophet Enoch, is taken up into heaven without tasting death." "And Mohamoo, who is he?" oontinued tho same Ismelite; "bis nmue sounds so stmngely timt I do not remember ever having heard it in Israel " "Mohamed," Samuel replied, "does not belong to our people, but is a descendant of Ismaei, and the last and greatest prophet, to whom cven Moses and Christ sha1l bow down in the day oC the resur- rection. ce His name, which signifies the 'Much-pmised-One,' indicates of itself the many excenencies for which he is blessed by all creatures both in heaven and on earth. " nut the wonders which he shall perform are so numerous, that a whole human le would not suffi.ce to narmte them. I sball content myself, thereCore, with communicating to YOll but a part of what he shall see in one single night.- Th& following narrative, wbich Samue1 is malle to uttcr, dOlCl'ibes the Night-Joumey 01 Mobamed. He revea1ed it his tollowera in the 12th. year ot Lis mission; and though bis Arabs ware given to the marvellous, yet this 8taggered even their credulity, and would have proved bis utter ruin but ror the resolute interpo8ition 01 Abu Beb. -B. T. THE NIGHT-JOURNEY. 147 "In a frightfully tempestuous night, whon the cock refrains from crowing, and the hound from bay- ing, he shall be rolised. from his sleep by Gabrie1, who frequently appcars to him in human form; but who on this occasion comes os Allah crcatcd him, with his Beven hundred radiant wings, bctween each of which is a space which the fleetest steed can scarcely traverse in five hundred years. "He shalllead him forth to a spot Borak, the mimculous horse, the same which Abraham used to mount on bis pilgrimages from Syria to Mocca, stands ready to receive him. " This horse also has two wings like an eagle, feet like a dromedary; a body of diamonds, which shines like the sun, and a head like the most beautiful virgin. "On this miraculous steed, onwhose forohead is engraved I Thore is no Lord but Allah, and Mohamed is bis messenger,' he is carried first to Medina, then to Sinai, to Bethlehem, and to Jeru:- . salem, that he may pray on holy ground. thcnco ho oscends bya golden ladder, whose steps of ruby, 01 cmcrald, and byacinth, into tho Bevcnth heaven, where he ia initiated in all the mysteries of creation, and the governinent of tbe uni verse. . " He beholds the pious amidst a11 their felicities in Paradise, and sinners in their vaned agonies in hell. Many of them Are rooming there like ravenOU8 beasts through barren ficldB; tbey are those who in this life B 2 148 THE NIGBT-JOURNEY . enjoyecl the bounties of Allah, and gave nothing thereof to the poor. . "Others rOn to and fro, carrying freSh meat in one hand, and corroded flesh in the other; but 88 orten . u they would put the former into their mouths, their bands are struck with fiery rods until they, partake oE tlie putrificd morsol.; This is tbo :punisllmcnt 'ef thOse who broke their marriage vow, and fouud plca- sure in guilty Indulgence. . . . ,. . ." The bodiesof others are terribly swollen, aud Iire still inereasing in bulk; they are such aB have grown rieh by usury, and whose avarice was insatiable. "The tongues and lips . of .others are seized and pinched with iron pincers, Re the. punisbment of their calumnious and rebellious speeches, by which they caused so mueh evil in the earth. . , "Midway betweeu Pa.radise and hell is seated . Adam, the father of the human race, who smiles with joy aB often aB the gates of Paradise are thrown open, and the triumphant eries of the blessed are bome forth; but weeps when: the gates of beU are unelosed, and the sighs of the damned penetrate to his ear. " In that night Mohamed beholds, besides Gabriel, other angels, many of whom have seventy thousand heOOs, eaoh head with seventy thousand faces, each face with BOventy thousan(1 moutlls, and ench mOllth with seventy tbollsand tongues, ench ofwhich praises Allah in seventy thousand languages. He sees,. too, the Angel of.Reconelliation, who is half half TUE NIGHT-JOURNEY. 149 ice: . the angel who watches with BCOWling visage' and :flaming eyes the treasul'ies . of fire: the Angel of . Deatb l holding in hishn.nd a huge tablet l inscribcd with numcs; of wbich 11e ofFnces hUJ1dl'cds cvery instant: . the Angel who . keeps thc oods l and meo.sures O\lt . with an immense balanee the waters o.ppointed unto i every river and' every fountain; and him, :fhially,. who supports the throne of Allah on his should11l . and is'holding'a trumpetin his mouth, whoseblast shall one daywa.ke the sleepers hom the grave. " He is at last conducted through many oceans of light, into the vicinity of the holy throne itselt, whieb is so vost, that the rest of the universe appears by its . iJide like ~ e scales of a. coat of armour in the bound- less desert. . . . rc That which &holl he reveoJed to him there," con- tinued Samuel 1 "is os yet conceoJed from me; but thi8 I know: He shoJl gaze on the glory of Allah at the distance of a bow-shot; 8hoJi then descend to: enrth by the ladder, n ~ return' on Borak to Meeca. S mpidly as he came. " To acComplish thi8 vost journey, including hi8 stay in Medino., ethlehem, Jerusalem, and in heavon, he requires 80 little time, that a water-vase, w hieb he overtums in rising from his couch, will not have emptied its contents at bis return." Tbe 088embled Isro.elites listened attentively to Samue}, nnd wIten be had finisbed, they exclaimed w i ~ one voice, "W e believe in Allah l and in ,bis B 3 160 SAUL. prophets which were and are to come; only 'pray thnt He mny delivcr us from tho tymnny of Goliath. : Samuel prayed, and fasted till at length Allah eent an 'angel, wbo commanded him to go out of the city, and to proclaim the :6rst man who mouId' meet him king over Israel, sinoe in his reign the Israelites should rogain their independonco from foreign bond- ~ " Samuel did as he was commanded, arid, met Talut [Saul], the son of Bishr, the son of Ahnun, 'the son of Benjnmin, who was a husba.ndman of lofty stature, but not otherwise remarkable, though Alla.h bad put much wisdom into his heart. , He was wandering about in search" of a' heiter which bad broken away from her plough and run at large. Samuel assisted him in her recovery, and then took Saul home with him, anointed him with oil, and presented him to the heads of Israel as their king and divinely commissioned deliverer. But they refused to accept as their king 80 common peasant, who hitherto bad not distinguished him- Belf in auy wiso; and they demanded 80 mirac1e. , ":Allah," replied Samuel, "will, in token of bis mtitying this kingly eleotion, rastore to you the ark of tho covenant." From that day the Philistin8s were visited with tho most painful and disguBting leprosy, wh08e origin no physioian could disoover, and which no physician c o ~ d eure. But as the plague fell most heavily PENANCE. 151 on that city where the ark of the covenant, which bad been carried in triumph from one place to another, happened to be, no one would retain it any longer, and it was at last lcft standing in a waggon in the open field .Allah then commanded two invisible angels to carry it back into the midst of the camp of Israel, who thereupon no longer hesitated to do fea1ty unto &u1 as their king. . AB soon as he was elected, Saul mustered the host of Israel, and marched against the Phi1istines at the head of seventy thousand men. Dnring their mnrch through the wilderness, they were one dn.y in want of water, so that a universaJ. murmuring arose against Samuel and SauL Samuel, who wns following Oltcr tho ark of tho covenant, prayed to the Lord, and there sprung from out the rocky ground a fountain of water, which was as fresh as snow, as sweet as honey, and as white as milk. &t when the soldiers came rushing to- wards it, Samuel cried, "You have grievously sinned agmnst your king and against your God by reason of discontent and rebellion. . Forbear to touch this water, that by abstmence you mayatone for your Bin I" But Samuel's words met with no regard. Only three hundred and thirteen men,-as many as fought in tho first engagement of the MUBBulmans against the Infidels,-mastered their appetite, barely 1'0- D " 162 DAVID. freshing themselves, while a1l the rest of the army . yielded to the temptation, and drank in fUU dmughts from the fountain. . when Talut beheldthis, he disbanded the whole army, and, relying on the aid oE Allah, inarched against the enemy" with the amall number of bis men who bad conqucred their desire. Among this little btmd were six sOns of 0. virtuous . man whosenameo>VaB Isa. Do.vud [Do.vid];his seventh son, bad remainecl o.t home to nurse hi aged f'ather. But when for a o ~ time no engagement took place betwecn Isrnel and the Philistines, since no o ~ had ncceptcd the challenge to single combo.t With Goliath, by which 0. general bo.ttle was to be preceded, Isa sent also bis seventh son into the camp, pa.rtly to ca.rry f'resh provisions to his brothers, . and partly to bring him tidings oC their weltare. OnohiS way he:heard 0. voice trom a pebble which larin the midst of the :road, calling to him, "Lift me up; Cor I am one oC the stories with which the prophet Abraham drove Satan o.way when he would h"'ve shaken his resolve to sacrifice bis son in obe- dience to bis heavenly Vision." . 0 David placed the stone, which was oinscribed with holy names, in the bag which he wore in bis uppel' garment, for 110 was eimply drossod like a. tmvcUcr, and not aB 0. soldier. When he bad pi'ooeeded 0. little further, he again heard 0. voice from another pebble crying: "Take me GOLIATH. 153 with thee, for I &In the stone which the angel Gabriel struck out from the ground with his foot, when he caused a fountain to gush forth in the wilderness for Ismll;el's David took this stone also, o.nd lo.ying it beside the 6rst, went on his way. But soon hc heard the following words proceed.ing from a third stone: "Lift me up; for I sm the stone witb wbich J: acob fought ngainst the angele wbicb bis, brother Esau sent out against him." David took this stone likewise, and continued bis journey witbout interruption until he came to bis brothers in the camp of Israel. On bis arrival therej he heard how a herald proclaimed, "Whoever puts the giant Goliath to death shnll becoine Saul's 8on-in-lo.w, and sueoeed hereafter bis throne. ". Do.vid sought to persua.de bis brothers to venture the combat with Goliath, not to beeome the king'i son-in-law and suooessor, but to wipe off the reproach that rested on their people. But since courage and oonfidence falled them, he went to So.ul, and ofFered to aOOept tbe giant's chal .. lenge. Tho king had but littlo bopos indeed. that " tender youtb, BU!)h as Do.vid then was, would defeat a warrior like yet he permitted the combat to take place, fOI'i'te believed that even if he should fall, bis reproachful example would excite some othera to imitate bis heroie conduct. On tbc following mOl'ning, when Goliath, BI usuoJ, D .5 SAUL'a JEALOUSY. challenged with proud speech the wamors 01 IsmeJ, David, in bis tmvelling appo.re1, and with his bog containing the three stones, stepped down into the arena. Goliath la.nghed alond on 'seeing his youthful a n t a g o ~ t and said to him, "Rather bie thee hOlDe to play with lads of thine own yea.rs. . How wilt thou fight 'with me, seeing t1mt thou a.rt even nnarmed? " David replied, " Thou art as a dog unto me, whom one may best drive away with a stone;" and before Goliath was yet able todraw bis BWord from its scaJ>. bard, he took the three stones from hisbag, pierced the gio.nt with one 01 them, so that be inBtantly fell. lifeless on tbe gronnd, and drove with the second tbe right wing of the Phi1istines into ight, and their left wing with tbe third. But Sanl was jealou8 of 'David, whom all Israel extolled as their greatest hero, and refused to give him. hisdaughter, until he brougbt the beada of a bundred giant8 as the mamage gifte But the greater David'8 achievements were, the more rancorous grew the envy of Saul, 80 that be even sought treacheronaly to slay him. David defeated oll his plans; bot be never revenged himae1f, and Sanl's hatred waxed greater by reason of this very magnanimity. One day be . viaited bis daughter in David's absence, and threatened to put her to death, unlC88 she gave him a promise, and confirmed it by them08t sacred oath8, that she would deliver her husband unto him during the night. 8A.UL'S JEALOUSY. 155 When tbe latter returned bome, bis wife met him in alarm, and reIated what bad happened between ber and her father. David said to her, "Be faithful to tby Otb, nnd open the door of my chamber to thy father BS 800n ns I shall bo nslecp. .Allah will protect even in my sleep, and give me tbe means of render- ing Saul's sword harmless, even ns Abraham's weapon was impotent against Ismael, who yielded bis neck to the slaughter. He then went into bis forge, and prepared a coat of mail, which covered the whole upper part of bis body from bis neck downwards. This coat was as fine as a hair, and, clinging to bim like silk, resisted every kind of weapon; for David bad been endowed, as a special favour from Allah, with the power of iron without fire, and of fashioning it like wax for every conceivable purpose, with no instrument but bis hand. To him we are indebted for the ringed coat of mail, for up to bis time armour consisted of simple iron pIate&. . David WBS wrapt in . the most peaceful slumber, when Saul, guidcd by bis daughter, entered his chamber; and it was not until his father-in-law hag- gled the impenetrable mall with bis sword as with a saw, bearing on it with all bis strength, that David . awoke, tore the sword from bis band, and broke it in pieces, 8 if it had been a morsel of bread. But after tbis occurrcnce, he thought it uo longer D 6 156 SAUL ..um DAVID REOONOILED. advisable to tany with SauI, and thcrefore reured to the mountains, with a few of bis friends nd' ad- herents. . Saul made use of this pretext tO have him suspected of the peopIe, and at last, accusing him of treason, marched against him at the head of one thou"'! sand soldien. But David was so endeared to the in .. habitlUlts of the mountain, and knew its hiding.pIaces so weIl, that it was imp088ible for SanI to take hirn. One night, while Saul was asleep, David 1eft a Cave which was quite near to the king's encampmCint; and t ~ the signet ring from bis finger,tOgether with his anns and 0. standard wbich were lying by bis side. He then' retreated through the cave, wbich had a double entrance, and the next morning appeared on the pinnacleof 0. mountain which stood.opposite.to. the camp' of the Israelites, having girt on Saul's huge sword, . and waving bis standard. up imd down, and stretching out his finger on wbich he had plaeed the king's ring. Saul, who could not understand how 0. thief could have penetrated into the midst of his well-guarded camp, reeognised David and the artieles which. had been taken from bim. This new proof of bis.dex- terity and magnanimous disposition overcame at last tho king's envy and displeasure; he therefore dis-. patched a messonger, w.ho in tM royal name beggcd forgiveness for all the gt-ievances he bad inicted, and invited David to return to his home. David was overjoyed at 0. reconciliation withbis TUE ROYAL SINGER. 157 lather-in-Iaw, and they iJow lived together . in peace' and harmony until Saul was slain, in a dieastrotis en,.' ga.gement with the Philistines. After &ul's dcath, David waa unanimoualy eleoted king of Israel, and by the hclp of Allah, he aoon * conquered the Philistines, and extended the" bouri'll; aries of his kingdom far and wide. ' : . But DavidwaB not only a bravewa.rnor and a wiae k i n ~ but likewiae a greo.t prophet. Allah re- veo.1ed to 'hiui aeventy paalms, and endowed him with a voice such as no mortol poB8eBBed before him. . h: height and depth, in power and melody combined, no human voiee ~ ever equalled it., He could imitate the thundera of heaven and the roar of, the lion, ai well aB the deliciousriotes of the nightingale; nor .waa there any other musician or singer in Israel as long as David lived, because no one who bad once heard him could to.ke pleaaure in any other performance. Every third day he prayed with the congregation, and sung the psalms iil a chapel which was hewn out of the mountain-rocks. Then not only oll men aisembled to haar bim, but even beo.sts and birds came from afar; nttmcted by his wondeii'ul song. , One day, aB he waS on his return from prayer, he heard two of bis subjects contending, which of the two WaB the greater prophet, Abraham or himaelf. " WaB not Abraham," said the one, "saved from the buming pilo ?" "Haa not David," rcplied the other, "swn the giant Djolut?" "But what ho.s David 1-58 PRESUlIPTION AND FALL. acbieved," resumed the rst, "that might be com- pared with Abraham's readineaa to aacrifice his son? " . AB soon as David came home, })e fell down helore Allah and prayed:" Lord, who hast proved on the pile, Abraham's fidelity and obedience, grant nnto me too an opportunity to show nnto my people that my love to thee withstnnds every temptntion." David' prayer was heard: when three days alter- wards he a8cended bis pu1pit, he perceived 80 birdof such beautiful plumageJ. that it attracted his whole atten- tion, and he followed it with bis eyes to every corner of the' chapel, and to the trees and shrubs beyond. He sung fewer psalms than he was wont to do; his voice failed him as often as he lost sight of this gracefu1 bird, and grew soft and playfu1 in the most solemn parts of the worship whenever it re-appeared. At the close of the prayers, wbich, to the astoniah- ment of the who1e assemb1y, were concluded on tbis occasion several hours sooner than usual, hefollowed the bird,. wbich ftew from tree to tree, nntil he fonnd himse1f, at sunset, on the margin of 80 litt1e lake. The bird disappeared in the lake; but David soon forgot it, for in its stead there rose up a femaJe form, whose beauty dazz1ed him like the clearest mid- day sun. He inquired her name: it was Snja, tho daughter of J osu, the wife of U ria.h Ibn Haman, who was with the army. David departed, and on bis return commanded the chief of bis troops to appoint nEDUXE, 159 U ria.h to the most dangerous post in the van-guard of the army. His command was executed,and soon afterwards the death of U ria.h was reported. . David then wooed bis widow, and married her at the upira- tion of the prescribed time. On the day after bis marriage, there appeared, at Allah's command, Gabriel and Michael in human form before David, and Gabriel said -" The man whom thou seest here befote thee. is the.owner of ninety-nine sbeep, while I po88e88 an only one; never- theless he pursues me withQut ceasing, and demands that I should give up my only sheep to him." " Thy demand is unreasonable," said David, "and betmys an unbelieving haart, and a rude disposition. But Gabriel interrupted him, saying, "Many a noble and accomplished 6eliever permits himself more unjust things than this. David nowperceived this to beau allusion to bis con- duct towards U riah; and filled with wrath, he grasped bis sword-, and would have plunged it into Gabriel, The Scripturea teach that David acknowledged hia Bin on Natban'a rcproof. The wbole narrative ia 80 beaut.iful, that we aubjoin it, D8 given in 2 Sam.:I.. 1-8, 18. . And the Lord aent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and aaid unto him, There were two men in one city; th. one rieb, and the other poor. The rieb _. had exceeding many ocks and herde: But the poor _ bad nothing, aave one little ewe lamb, whieb he had bought and nouriahed up: ud it grcw up together with him, ud with hiB children; it did eat of hie own meat, ud drank of hia own cup, ud lay in hia , .. 160 PENITENCB. but Michael gavea loud la.ugh of BOOm, a.nd when Ga.briel and hima81t ho.d asoonded above Da.vid'a hend on their imge18' wings, he aaid to David, rc Thou hast pronounced thine own aentence, and called thy act tha.t of a barbarous infidel: Allah will therefore be- stow upon thy Bon a portion of the power which he had originally intended for thee. Thy gullt ia 80 much the greater,since thou that thou mighteat be led into temptation without having the power of resisting it." . , . At theSe words the angels vanishedthrough the' ceiling; but David felt.tbe whole burden of bis ain. He tore the crown from his head, and the royal purple from his bOdy, a.nd wa.ndered through the wildemese wrapt in simple woollen garments, and pining with remone, weeping 80 bitterly, that his skin fell froni b08Om, . nd wai un10 him 81 a daughter. And there came a traveller un10 the rieh man, and he apared 10 take othia own lIoolt and ot his own herd, 10 dreaa tor the wayfaring man that wu come un10 him; but took the poor man's lamb, and dreaaed It tor the man that was come 10 him. And David'a anger wu greatly klndled agaiDat tbo man; and he said 10 N athan, A, the Lord liveth, theman that hath done thia tltiJlf! shall aurely die; And he &hall rea10re lamb tourtold, because he did this thing, and becauae he had po pity. And Nathan aaid 10 David, Thon art the man. 'l'hua aaith the Lord God ot Israel, I anolnted thee king over Israel and I delivered thee out of the IIILnd of Saul; And I gava tbee tby master'a houae, aDlI tby muter'. wlvea into thy boaom, and gave thee the houae of Israel and of Judah; and if 11IaI lur.d befR too little, I would moreover have given unto thee auch and auch things. "And David .aid unto N athan, I lIave sinned againat the Lord." ABSALOH. his face, and that the angels in heaven bad oompassion on him, and implored . for him the mercy of Allah . But it was not until he bad spent three full yeUs "in ponitcnce an<! oontrition, that he heard 0. voice from heo.ven, whlch announced to hlm that tbe .A.ll-compas- monate .Allah bad at length opened the gate of mercy. ' Pacified and strengthened by these words of oonsola.tion, David soon reoovered bis physical powere and bis blooining appeamnce; so that on bis return to : Palestine no one o.bserved in him tbe sligbtest change; But during' the king's long absence many of the rabble, whom be bad banished, gatbered round his 80n Absalom, and made hiJn king over He was therefore oompelled, as Absalom would not renounce the throne, to make war against bim. But no engagement took place, for wben the prince was ' about to join bis forces, Allah commanded the Angel of Death to take' himfrom bis borae and bang bim on a trae by' bis long bm, that to all future time rebellious sons migbt take warning by bis fate. Ab- : wom remained banging there until one of David's cbieftains passcd by and alew bim witb the nut altbough David 800n co.mo to be cstoemed and beloved by hili people as before, yet, mindful of what bad taken place with tbe two angels, he ventured not agam to e.xecute judgment. He bad already nomi- nated a ko.dhi, wbo was to adjust in' bis stead, all l1iSJ.lutcs timt migbt ariso, when tho angel Gabriel brought bim an iron tube with a',bcll, and said:-- 162 THE TRIBUNAL. u .Allah has bebeId thy diffidence with pleasure, and therorore sends tboo. this tubo ud bell, by moans of which it will be easy thee to maintain the law in Israel,. and never to pronounce an unjust sentence. Suspend this tube in thy hall of judgment, and bang . the; bell in the midst tbereof: place tbe accuser on one aide of it, nnd tbe accuscd on the other, and olways pronounce judgment in mvour of him, who on touch- ing the tube elicits asound from the bell. David was greatly delighted at this gift, by means of which be who was in the right was sure to triumph: s that 800n no one dared to commit any injustice, since he was certain to be detecte<l by the bell. One day, however, thero co.me two men beroro tho judgment-seat, one of whom maintained that he bad given a pea.rl into the keeping of tOO other, who now refused to restore it. Tbe defendant on the other band swore that he had olready given it back. AB usuaJ, David compe11ed both, one after the other, to touch the tube; but the bell uttered no sound, so that he did not know which of the two spoke truth, aud was inclined to doubt the further virtue of the bell. But when he bad repeatedly directed both to touch the he observed . tbat as orten as the accused was to pass the ordeal, he gave bis sta.iF to be holden by his DQ.vid now took tho stafF in bis own band, lind sent the nooused once more to touch the tube, when instantly the bell began . to ring aloud. David then ca.used tbe sta.ft' to SOLOHON. 163 be inspected, and bebold it was bollow, and tbe pearl in question was concealed within it. . But on a.ccount oE bis thus doubting tbe value oE the tube which Allah had. {liven hirn, it wns again re- moved to heaven: 80 that David frequently erred in bis decisions, until Solornon, whom his wife &ja, the daughter oE J osu, had. borne bim, . mded him with bis counseL In bim David placed implicit confidence, and was guided by him in the most diffi.- cult questions, for he had heard. in the night of bis birth the angel Gabriel exclaim - ce Satan's domi- nion is drawing to its close, for tbis night a child is born, to wbom Iblis and all bis hosts, together with all bis descendants &hall be subject. The earth, air, and water, with all the creatures that live therein, &hall be bis servants : he shall bo gifted with nine-tenths of all the wisdom and knowledge which Allah has gmnted unto ma.nkind, and understand not only all tbe languages of men, but tbose also of beasts and of birds." One day-Solomon was tben scarcely thirteenyears of age-thera nppeared two men before tbe tribunal, the novclty oE Wh08Q caso cxeitcd the utonishment of all present, and even greatly confounded David. Tbe accuser ho.d bought some property of the other, and in clearing out a cellar, bad found a treasnre. He now demanded that the accused should give up the trcasurc, &ince ho bad bought tho propeny with- out it: while the other maintained that the accuser 164 DEOISIONB. pssessed no right to the' treasure, since he 'had known nothing olit, o.rid had sold the proportywith nJI that it oontained.' .After long meditation, David a.cl- judged that ,the treasure: sho'uld be. divided between them.: . But. Solomon inqUired 01 the a.ccuser whether h, bad .. son, II.nd when he replied that he had a son, he inquired oE the. othor iE he bad 0. daughter, and ho also answering in the o.ffi.nnative, Solomon snid, "If you.will adjust your sO as not to do injustice oile.to the unite your children in marriage, aild give thein this trea8ureas their dowry." On another occasion, there came a husbandman and oocused 0. sbepherd wbose flock had pastUred on the gmin oE his field. Do.vid sentenoed the shepherd to give part of his Hock in restitution to the husband- milD; but Solomon disapproved oE this judgment, and said. "Let tbe shepherd give up to the husband- rimn the. use of. his flock,' their work, their milk. n.nd their young ones. Q.ntil the Geld sha1l be restored to tbe condition in which it WII.8 o.t the time of the flock's breo.king in. wben the sheep shaIl onoe more retum'to their owner." David.'.however, one day observed tbo.t the high tribuilnJ over which' he presidod beheId with dis- pleo.suro tho interference 01 Sololl1on in their trons- I\Otions, altbough tboy wore obliged to confcsstlll\t his views were always better than their own. Tbe king therefore demanded oE thEim to examine Solomon in thefo.ce oE all the greatand noblemen of hiskingdom, I TBlil EXAMINERB EXAMINED. ..165 : , in all te doctrines and laws of M08es. '. "If .you have satisfied yourselves," he added, "that my son knows . these perfectly, and consequently never pronounces 0.11 uujust judglllent, you must not slight him by reason of his youth, if bis views regarding the appli- cation of the law often difFer {rom mine and yours. AllahbestOws wisdom on wholllsoover he pleaseth." . The lawyers were, indeed; 'or erudition;' neverthelessj hoping to confound him by all manner of subtle questions, and thus to increase their own importance, theyaccepted David's proposal, and made arrangements for a publio examination. But their expectations were disappointed; tor Wore the last word of any question put. to . Solomon was' yet pronouneed, he bad already given !J,striking answer, 80 thnt al1 prescnt firmly bolioved tImt tho w holo matter bad been ruTIUlged beforehand with hisjudges, and this cmmination was institutcd by David mcrcly to re- commend Solomonas his worthy successorto the throne. But Solomon at onee effaced this suspicion when 'at the close of this examination he &rose, and said to bis judges, "Y ou have exhausted yourse1ves in subtleties in tho hope of manifesting your superiority over me before this great assembly; permit me now, also, to put to you a few very simple questions, the solution of wbich. needs no ruanner or- study, but only a liitle inte11ect and understanding. Tell me what is Every- thing, and what is Nothing. Who is Something, and who is less thau Nothing." . Solomon long; 166 TUE EXAMlNER8 EX.A.lNED. and when the judge whom he bad addressed was not Ablo to answer, 110 said, " Allab, tbo Crca.tor, is thing, but the world, the oreature, is N othing. Tbe believer is Something, but the hypoeriie is 'lees than N othing." Tuming to another, Solomon inquired, "Whieh are the most in number, and which the fowcst? What ia swcetcst, rmd what most bitter?" but as the aecond judge also was unable to fiud a pl'Opor Bnswer to these questions, Solomon said, "Tbe most numerous are the doubters, Bnd they who possess a perfeet assuranee of faith are the fewest in number. The sweetest is the pOBBeBBion oC B virtuous wife, cellent ehildren, and a respeemble competeney; but a wioked wife, undutiCul children, and poverty are the most bitter." Finally, Solomon put the tions to a third judge. H 'VVhleh is the vilest. and wleh the . most beautiful? What the most certain, and what. the least so?". But these questions also remained unanswered, until Solomon said, "Tbe vilest thing is when a believer apostatises, and the most beautiCul when a sinner repents. The most certain thing iiJ Death and the Last J udgment, and the most uncertain, Life Bnd the Fate of the Soul after tlie resurrootion. "Y ou perooive," he then continued, "it ia not tbe oldcst rmd most learned that Me alWBYS the wiest. True wisdom is neithcr of years nor of learned books, but only of Allah, the Solomon excited by his :words the greatest astonish- ment in 0.11 tbat wero present; and tbe heads oC tbe DA. VID'S LA.ST WISH. 167 people . exclaimed with one voice, ce Blessed be the Lord, who has given to our king a son who in wisdom sUrpaBSes all the men of bis time, and who is wortby ono day to sit on the throne of his father I " David, in Iike manner, tbanked Allah ror the gmoe wbich he had shown to him in Solomon, nnd now only desired, berore bis dooth, to meet with bis future companion in Paradise. ce Thy request is gnmted I" cried a fl'()m hooven j rr but thou must go and seek him alone; and, in order to reach bis presence, thou must renounce thy earthly pomp, and wander OB a poor pilgrim through the world." The next day David nominated Solomon as his ... presentative, laid aside bis royal robes, wrapped solf round with a simplo woollcn garment, put on hia sandals, took a staft' in bis hand, and left bis palaoe. He now wandered from city to city, and from village to vi11age, inquiring every where Cor such of the in- habitants OB were most distinguisbed ror piety, and, endoovouring to make their acquaintance; but for many wceka he found no one whom he had reason to coDsidcl' 88 bis dcstinod oompanion in the lifo to come. One day, on reaching a village on the shores of the Mediterranean ocean, there arnved at tbe same time with bim a poorly clad aged nian, wbo was ca.r- rying a hoovy burden of wood on bis head. Tbe appearanoo of tbe hoary man was 80 venerable, that David followed hlm, to see where he Iived. But he 168 .TUE BERIiIT. . entered into no house at all, amd sold hia woocl to a. morchant who stood at tho door of his wn.rchou&O, then gave.to a poor man who begged him for a1ms tlie half 01 the little money which .he bad. earned, bought with the rast a smallloaf of bread, of which also he gave a large portion to a blind woman, who implorcd tho compnssion of tho faithful, and thon retumed on his way to the mountain from whence he bad oome. "Thia mari," thought David,." might weIl be . my companion in Paradise; for his venerable appearance and his actions which I have just wit- nessed, testify to a rare piety. I ml;lst. therefore seek to become better acquainted with him." He then followed the aged man o.t some diistance, until, after a march of several hours over steep mountains, erossed by deep ravines, the 13tter entered into a cave, which admitted the light of heaven through a crevice of the rock. David remained standing at the en- trance of the cava, and hoord how tha harinit prafcd fervently, and then re8d the law and the psalm&, until the SUD had set. He then lit a lnmp, and pro- noUDced the evening prayer, drew from hia. bag the bread which he bad bought, and consumed about half thereof. David, who had hitherto not ventured to disturb the man in hisde"otions, now steppcd into tbo cavo, and greeted him. "Who art thou?" said the other, after having retumed the salutation; "for, save the GOD-fearing TUE OOHJ.>,ANION IN PAlUDIBE. 169 Matalbn"JUhaDna, king David's' future Cottlpanion in Paradise, I never saw uy human being in these regions." .. David gavc his name, and bcggcd for further par- ticularsrespecting Mata. . But the hermit replied, "I am not permitted t point out to thee his dwelling; but tbou searchest this mountain withattention, it cannot escape thee.'? David now wandered up and .down for a long without fincfuig any traces of Mata. He was on the point of returning to the hermit, in hopesof obtain- ing hetter direetionB, on :an emineooe, in the midst of tbe rocky gllOund, he discovered a apot wbicb was quite moist and soft. ce How singular," thougbt be, cethatjust bare, on tbis tain, tbo ground should tlw8 be moistenedl' Surely there can be no fountain here I " While he was thUB standing absorbed in thought respeeting thls able pbenomenon, theredescended' on the other side of tbe mountain a man who was more like an angel than a humanbeing; bis looks were cast down to the earth, so that he did not observe David; but on the moistcned spot he stood still, and pmyed with such fe"ency that bis tears gushed likestreams from bis ayes. David now understood how it came to pass that the earth was 150 soaked, and thougbt- ce A man wbo thus worsbips bis God may well bo my colllptUlion in Po.mdiso." nut he presumed not to addreSB him till he hcard how, among other things, I '170 EAm 01' D VID. he prayed, "My'God,pardonthe sin ofking David, and presene him f'rom further transgression I Be merciful to him tor my sake, sinoe thou hast dei- tined nie to be' his companion in Para.dise." David now want towards him, but on reaching bis presence, he was dead. , He dug up the soft ea.rth with bis stafF, wuhed him . with the water that remained in his bottle, buried him, and pronounced over' him the pmyer 01 aeath. He then returned to bis capital, ud lound in bis harem the Angel 01 Death; who received him with the words, " Allah hBS granted unto thee thy request, but now thy life is ended. " Je God's will be done!" replied David, ud fell lifeless to the earth. . Gabriel then descended' to comfort Solomon, and to bring him a heavenly robe, in wbich he was to wrap bis father. All Israel followed bis remains to the entrmice 01 the cave where Abraham lies buried., 171 SOLOMON AND THE QUEEN OF SABA. AF'l'EB Solomon had paid the last honours' to his fBtber, ha was resting in a valley, between Hebron and Jeruaalem, when suddenly' he s\yooned .. a.way. On reviving there appeared to himeight angels, each of whom had immeasurable wings of every colour and . form, and thrice they bowed down to him. ce Who are you ?" demanded Solomon, while:his eyeat were yet ha,lfcl..osed. They replied, ceW e are: tbe angele set ovar the eight winds. Allah,ourCreator 'and thine, sends us to swear fealty, and to surrender to thee. t ~ e power .over us and the eight winds whicb are at our command. Aceording to thy pleasure and designs they shall either be tempestuoU8 or gentle, and . ehall blow from that quarter to which . thou . h l ~ turn thy back; and at thy demand they ahall rise' out of the earthto bear thee up, and to raise thee above the loftiest mountains." The most exaJ.ted of the eight angela then presented to him a jewel with this . inseriptiOD: .. U To Allah belong greatness and might :" and said, ce Ir thou hast need of us, raise this atona towards hcaven, and we shallappear' to serve thee." AB 800n as these angela bad 10ft hiw-J I 2 172 THE EXTENT Oll'. SLOMON'S DOMINION. there eame, four others, dift'ering from each other Ur form n.nd name. One of them resembled an immense whale; the other, an eagle; the third, 0. lion j and the- fourth, 0. serpent. "W e are the lords of all creatura. living in earth and water, "they:said, bowing profoundly to Solomon, "and- appear betore thee at the command of our Lord to do faalty unto t h ~ Disposo of us at thy pleasure. W c grant to thee 'and to thy' frlends all tbe good and pleasant things with which the' CreatOr has endowed us, but use all the nonous that is in our power against thy foes." ,Tbe angel who represented the kingdom of birds then gave him ,0. jewcl with the inscrlption "All crea.ted things pralse thc Lord;" and said, "by virtue of this stone, which thou needest onIy to raise above thy head, thou mayest call 11S at any moment, and impart to 'Us thy commands. 'Solo:- Mon did 80 instantly, and commanded them to bring a. pair of every kind of anima! that live in the water, the earth, and the air, and to present them to h i m ~ Tbc angele departed quick as lightning, and in thc twinkling of an eye there were standing before him every imaginable creature, from the la.rgest. eIephant downto thc stnallest 'worm; also all kinds 'of fiBh Rnd birds. Solomon oo.used eo.ch of them to describe its wholo mlmnor of lifo - ho listened to their coml. plaints, and o.bolished many of theh: abuses. But he conversed longest with tbe birds, both on account of their delicious language, which he knew as weIl as bis own, as also for thc beautiful proverbs that "TUE Ol!' 8OLOKON'S DOJlINION. 173 ai'e eurrent among them. 'The 8Qng of the peaoock, translated into human langua.ge, means, "AB thou judgest, 80 shalt thou be judged." The song of the nightingalo signi1i.cs, "Contentmcnt is the groatest ho.ppiness. " The turtle-dove singe, "It ware better for many-a ereature had it never been hom." 'The hoopo, ce Re that shows no merey shall not obtain mercy." The bird syrdak, ce Turn to .Allah, 0 yesin- ners." The swallow:J ce De good, for you shall ,he rew-arded' hereafter." The' peliCan, "Blessed be Allah in heaven' and earth :1 " 'Xhe do-ve, ce.Al1 things pass away: Allah None Tbc kata, Whosoever can keep silence goes through life mostsoourely." The eagle, .ce Let our life be ever 80 long, yet it must end in death." The raven, {C The furtbor from mankind the pleosnnior." The cook, ce Ye thoughtless men, remember your Creator." . Solomon ehose thecook and the hoopo for his oon- staut attendants. Tbe one, on aooount of bis moni- tory sentence, and the othar, inasmuch as his eyes, piereing as they' do through the earth as if it were erystal, enabled him during the travee of tho JdDg to point out tho plaoos whare fountains of water wero hid, '80 that water nevel' failed Solomon, either to queneh bis thirst, or to perform the prescribed ablu- tions before prayer. But after baving stroked the heads of the doves, he commanded them to appoint unto theil' young the temple whieh he was ahout to erect, as their habitation. (This pigeon pair had, in I 3 17.-' TlDIl. EXTEN'R'. 01" SOLOKOJl'S DOJrIIlOON';. the COUl'8e' oe a few years, increased 80 much, through: bleased touch, that al1 who. viaited the teDr. pIe. walked. from the, remoteat quarter of the city of their wings.). When &lomon was again alone, there appeared an. whose upper part looked like earth,. and whose. l()wer like. wnter. Ho down. towards tho .. earth, anc1sald, "I am created by Allah to manifl!lt his. will both to- the dry land and to the _; but he baa P1.ace4 me at thy disposal,.and thou.mayest through .me, over earth and aea: thy will the l}ighest shalt disappear, an,d others rise Qut. the ground;. rivers and seas. ahall dry up, and fmitful countries be turned iBtO seDS or oceans." . . He.. then to him before he vanished a jewel,. with. the. inscription, and euth are the ser- vantB of Allah." . Finally;. another angel bro1:lght to. him. a fourth jewel,. bore the inscription, "There is no GOD but. one, and Mohamed is bis "By of this stone," sald the angel, . "thon the dominion over the kingdom of spirits,. which ja greatr: of man and beasts, and :6Ils up the whole space between the earth and heaven., Part of these spirits," continued the angel, "believe in the only GOD,. and pmy to him; but otbers. are unbelitWing. Some adore the :&.re; others. the sun; othera again. the different stars; and many even. the water.. The:&.rst continually hover round th e pious, T.BE lGIO BING. 175 , .. to. preserve. them from every evil sjn; tbe. latter. seek in every. pBBible. manuer to o.nd to. aeduce them, which they do the mOle. eaaiIi themselvea invisible, or aaaume Bi!lY form they pleaae. Solomon desired in see the gell in. their. original. form. The augel rushed llke ... oolUmD. of :6re through the air, and 800n returned with 0. host of demona and genii; whose ance :6lled Solomon, spite of bis. dominion' ov.er. them, aninward shudder. He hacl bad n8 idea that ware such miBBhapen o.nd frightful beings in the He aaw. human on necks of honea, with aases' feet; the winga. of on. the. droQledary.'s back; and the horns. of the gazelle on the head.of the peacock. at thia singular the. angel. to oxplain it 19 him, sinco Djan, {roIn whom all t11e. gen. were bad only a simple " This. is the oonsequence," replied the. ange1, "-.of their wicked lives and iDtereourse with men, beasta, o.nd birda: for. their. deairea know no bounda, and the more they multiply tbe mOre degenemte." When 'Solomon returned bome, he commanded the four jewe1s wbich the angels had given him to be set in a signet ring, in order that b8. might be, ... ble at any to rule over spirits a.nd .l!oJlimals, and over wind and water. His first -care to. sub:- due the domoDs and gen. He ca.used them all to .come before bim, aave tbe mighty Sachr, who kept I , 176 FEEDING ALL TBB 'OBE.1.TtmllS 01' THJ!I EABTB, him8elf coneealed in an unknOWn. island of the o c e n ~ and !blis, the master of all evll spirits, to whom God Jaad prorpised the most perfect independenee till the day of, judgment. When they were assembled, be .tamped bis signet ring on each of their :necke, to mark ,tbem as bis slaves. " He ob1iged the male genii to erect various public buildings; omong others, also a temple after the plan of that at Mecca, which he had onee seen during bis travels to Arabia. Tbe female gen he obliged to cOok, to hake, to wash, 't;o. ,weave, to spin, to cany' water, and to perf'orm other domestic labours. Thestuft's they produced, Solomon diatributed among the poor'; ancJIthe food which the, prepared, was placcd on tables of two leagae& square, for the daily consumption amounted to thirty thousand oxen, and as many sheep, with a great WlIlber of fowls,and fish,of wmch he could obtain uma1iy'as ',he' chose' by Viriue of bis ring, notwithstanding bis remoteneBB from the o c n ~ Tbe genii and demons sat at iron tables, the poor at tables of wood, thc chiefs of the people ond of the al'my at tables of silver; but the leamed and eminently pious at golden ones, and tbe latter were waited on by Solomon bimselr. , One day, when .u the spirits, men, bensts, and birds, badriscn, satis1ied, from their VarioU8 tables, Solomon prayed to .Allah that he might permit him to entertain all tbe creatures of the earth. ~ Thon demandest an unpoBBibility,*replied Allah; ,Ie, but make a beginning to-morrow with the inbabit" ants of the seL" AND TUE SEA. 177 Solomon; thereupon, commanded the gen io load with corn one hundred thousand camels, and aa'OOy mules, aud to 100 them to the sea-shore. He himselt followcd and cried, f' Come hithar, ye inhabitants 01 the sea, that I may eatisfy your hunger." Theil came all kineJs of fish to the surf'ace of the SeB. Solomon llung corn unto them, till they were eatisfied, and dived down again. On a sudden, a whale protruded bis hood, rcsombling 0. mighty mountain. Solomon made his llyiDg spirits to pour one sack 01 corn . after the other into its jaws; but it continued its demand tor more, until not a single gra.in was left. Then it bellowed .aloud, "Feed Me, Solomon, lor 1 ,never suffered 80 much from hunger aa ~ y . Solomon inquired 01 it - ce Whether there were more fish 01 the kind in the sea?" : ~ There are 01 my species alone," replied the whale, "Beventy thoueand kinds, the least 01 which is 80 !arge, that thou wouldst appea.r in its body like a gra.in 01 sand in the wilderness." , Solomon threw himself' on the gJ:Ound, and ,'began, 10 weep, and besought the Lord 10 pardon bis, sense- less demo.nd. , "My kingdom," cried Allah 10 him, "is still greater tha.n thine: arise, and bebold 'but one 01 th08e creatures whose rule I cannot confide 10 ma.n."' , . Then the sea began 10 rage and 10 storm, aa all tho oight winds had set it in motion o.t onco; and there rose up 0. seo.monster, 80 hnge, that it could I 5 178. eaaily have swallowed aeventy thousand llke tl18 :rat. whiob Solomon WI\8 not able. to satiaf'y. IU1d. oried with a. .voice like the most terrible thunder - "Praised be Allah, who alone has the power to ave me from. ata.rva.tion1 " .. Wlien. SoIomon Was returning aga.in to J eruaalem. lte hcn.rd BUch a noise, proceeding from tho oe the. genii who were oooupied with the huilding ofthe.temple, that the inhabitants of Jeru-. aalem were no longer ahle to oonveme with eaoh other. He .therefore oommanded the spirits to Bua- pend :their Iabeurs, and inquired whether none. o! them. was aoquainted with a means by which the. MOUS metals might be wrought without producing. such a cla.mour. Then there stepped out one from among them, and .n This is known only to the mighty Sachr; but he bas hitherto. suooeeded in escaping {reIn thr dominion." "Is, thon, this Sachr utterly inaccetsible?" quired Solomon. Cf. Sachr," replied: tho genius, "is stronger. than al1 ef 11& .put together, and ja as much our superior in .-ewiftness as in power. Still, I know that he. drinks. lrom .. fountain in the provinceof Hidjr onoe every Perhaps thou . mayest :succeed, 0. wise. king I to aubdue him there to thy. sceptre." . Solomon oommanded. forthwit4 a. division of bis 8Wift.;ying genii to empty the fOU;1ltain, and fiU it with intoxicating liquor. Some. of them he then TUE ltIOTBEB BIBD. 119 ordered to lipger in its viclnity, until they should see, Sachr approaching, and then instantly to retum and bring. bim word. A few weeka afterwarda, when Solomon W8 stanwog on tho 'tormco 01 his palnce, ho, boheld a geniua ying from the direction 01 Hidjr swifte:r than the wind. Tbe 'king mquired of 'him if he .brought news "l'e8pectingSachl'o ce Sachr is lying overcome with wine at the brink er the fountain," replied the 'genius, "and we haye bound him with chaineas massive as the pillars of thy temple ;but . he will burst them as the hair of a virgin when he has slept off hii wine." Solomon then mounted hastily the winged geniue, and in le88 than an hour was home to the fountain.. It, was high time, for Sachr had already'opened bis eyea agam i but his hands ud feet were still chained, 80 tbat Solomon set the eignet on bis neck without any hindrance. Sachr uttered such a ery of woe that the wholo earth quaked; but Solomon said to him, "Fear not, mighty genius I I will restore thee to liberty 8 soon as thou shalt indicate the means whereby l may work the hardest metals without noise." ce I myself know 01 no suob," replicd "but the .raven willbest be able to adTise .thee. Take only the egge. from a raven's nest, and cover them with a erysta! bowl, and thou shalt see hGW the mother-bird shall' euHt througb." . . Solomon followed SaChr's advice. A raven carne and ew about the bowl; but finding that sbe could. I 6 180 V1SIT. TO ,DAlfASOUS. not get tO tho egge, sbe flew away, aila afew bouraaf'terwards re-appeared with a stone in"her beak,' Qalled Samur;' which. had no sooner touched the bowl than it fell in',two haIves.: ';,"f :Wb.ence hast thou ,tbis stone?" inquired Solo- mon' ofthe raven.. "From a mountain in tho disto.nt west," replied theraven. .. . : .:SOloolOn ,then oommanded, some of the genii to follow, the'ravento the' mountain, and to prooure more of tbes,e stones. 'But Sacbr :heset a.ga.in, according . to: bis ,promise. Whenthe chains ware tRokan {rom him, he sbouted with exultation; but bis joy sounded in Solomori'iI ear' like the laughter' of scom.' Assoon RB t}ieapiritsretumed with the So.- mur'stones, he caused himseli to be ca.rriedba.ck to, JeruSalem by ODe of.m, ahd divided the stones among' t'he genii, w'ho oould now continue their la- boura without mnking the slightest noise; 'Solomon then constructed a palace for 'himself, with a p.ri>fusion of gold, sver; and precious stones, tho like ot wmch no king Ilad ever possessed before him. Mny , of its halls had, crystal flOors and ceU- iJW!, and he, erected a throne of sandal-wood covered with gold and embOssedwith the most costly jewe1s. WhUe the building of bis 'pala.ce was in progress, he made a joumey to' the ancient' city of, DamasCus, whoee 'environs .are :reckoned among tbe four earthly paradises.. ....... TBEANTS. ::: ... rar The genis on whomhe rode pursued the strig"ht- eat course, and :.ew over the valley of which ia surrounded .by lofty cliffs and deep impaaaable ravines that no man had been able to it before. Solomon was much Stoniehed to see beneath him a host of ante, which were as large as wolves, and, which, owing totheir grey eyes and feet, appeared at a distimce like a c1oud. But, on the other hand, the queen 01 theants, whioL had ne.ver seen a human being, was in no amall trouble on perceiving .the king, and cried to her sub- jecte," Retire quickly to your cavei'nsl." . . But Allah aaid to her; "Asaemble all thy vassala, and do homage to SolomoD.J who ia king of the whole creation." Solomon, to whom the winds bad wafted thesc words, then, at a distance of.aix leaguea, descended to the queen, andin a short time thewhole valley was covered with ants as far as bis eye could reach. Solomon then asked the queen, who was standing at their head, "Why fearest thou me, aince thy hOBts Are 80 numeroua that they could lay waste the whole earth?" . " I fear none but Alla.h," replied the queen; "tor my subjects which thou now beholdeat ware threa.t- ened with danger, seventytimea their number would appear at. a single nod from me. ce Why, thon, dielst tltou command thy ants to retire while I was passing above :thee ?" . 182 TJD BHOO'l'IBG. STAB. I feared I_ they might look alter thee, and thue forget their Creator for amoment." any 'faTour that I may show thee ere I inquired Solomon.. ". I Imow of none: but mther let me advise thee so . . to that thou mayst not be asbamed of thy name, which signiea 'The Immaculate; t beware also oE ever giving away thy ring without first aaying, 'In. the. name of .Allah the All-merciful.' ". onoo: more exclaimed, "Lord, thy king- dom, is greater than: mine I" and took leave(;lf queen of ants. On his return he comma.nded the genius to fty into anothor direction, 80 ,as, not to disturb the dovotion. of the queen and her subjects. On arriving at the frontiers of Paleatine he l;1eard how same one pra.yed.: .. "My.'God, who hast'chosen to be thy. friend, redeem me soOn froJQ this woeful emtenee I " Solomon descended to Mm, and beheld an man bowed down with yeo.rs, anc1 Wembling in all biS limbs. " Who an thou P" I BIn an Ismelite of the tribe of Judah." Cf. How old an thou P tt " Allah alono. knoWs.. J counted up to my. tbree hundredth year, and since that time fun fifty or sixty. more. must bave passed away." . rc How cameat thou to 80 great an age, which, TUE TREE. Oll' LIFE. 183; since Abraham'a time, no bwa:um lIeing has at-: tained ce I once saw a shooting star in the night of Al-. Kadr, ud exprC880d the acnsclC88 wish that I might meet with the mighticat prophet beCore I died." n Thou hast now reached the goa1 of thy expecta- tiODB:' prepare, thyself' to die" for I am the JUng and prophet Solomon, to whom Allah has granted a power such as no mortal before me ever possessed." Scarcely bad, he finished these, words, the Angel of Death descended in human lorm, and took of the aged, man . n Thou must have been quite close,t& me, since. thon camest so promptly," said Solomon to the, rc How great is thy mistak,e I. 1;)e it to theo,' 0 king 1 .that .stand on the shoulders of '8D. angel whose head reaehes ten thousand years beyond the. heaven, whose feet are live hundred years belo\'{ the earth, and withal, is so, power- ful that .Allah .permitted it, he . could swallow the earth, and all that it contains, without the slightest . n Ho it is who pointl out to me when, where, ancl how. I must take a souL. His gaze is :fixed on the treo Sidrat Almuntaha, which bears as many leaves inscribed with names as there are men living on the earth. n At ooch birth 110 now loaf, hearing tho name oe the newly born, bursts forth; and when any one baa. 184 TUB reached the end 01 bis life, bis 1e.f' withere imd talla off, and o.t tho same instant I am with him to rccoivo his 80ul.'" ,',,: "How dost thou proceed in, tbis, matter, and' whither takest thou the souls at death ?" "AB orten as a believer dies, Gabriel attende me and wraps his soul in 0.. green sUken abeet, Blld then breathes it 0. green bird whieb feede in unill the clay of the resurrection. But the. soul. of the sinner,.1 take Mone, and having it in a coa.rse pitch-covered woollen cloth, I carry it to the gates of hell, where it wandere among abominable npours untU the laat day." Solomon tho.nked tbe angel for his information, and. besought him, when he one daycome to take his soul, 10 conceal his death om all men and . . . ' He then washed the body of tbe decoosed, buried him, and having prayed tor soul, begged tor a mitigation ofbis bodily pains at tho trial he was to undergo:before thenngels Ankir and Munkir. . Tbis journey bad fatigued Solomon so lUuch, that he orderecl the genD,'on;hisretum to Jerusalem, to weave strong silken carpets, ."hieb. might conWn him . Those two angela mako inqulry 01 the dcad concerniDg bis God .nd bis faitb, and torment him if bo be not ablo to annrer properIy. , Simllar things are aaid in the " Chibut hakebar " (knockiDg at the tomb) of the Rabbis. - Compare Maracciua, Prodrom. i. p.90. THE OARPET. 185 and bis" followers together with all the requisite uten,;; siJs an,d equipages for travelling. Whenever he desired thereaf'ter to mue a joumey,. he eaused" one of tb080 . carpots oE l\ !arger or smollcr eize, IIOOOrd- ing to the number of bis attendants, to be spread out before the city, imd as 800n as all that he required was plaoed upon it, he gave a signal to. the eight winds to ra.ise it up. He than seated lmself on bis throne, and guided them into whatever" direction neo pleased, evan as a man guides bis horses with bit and reine. .. . One night Abraham appeared to him in a drea.m, and said, "Allah has distinguished thee above all other men by thy wooom and power. He has subjected to ihy rule the geD, who are ereeting a temple at "thy oommand, the like of whieh the earth has never bOrne bcforo; and thou ridest on the winds ns I onoe rodo on Borak, who shall dwell in Paradise until the birth of :M:ohamed. Show thyself grateful therefore unto the oni1 God" and taking advantage of the aase with whieh t h ~ eaDBt travel {rom place to place, -viSit the eities of J athrib -, where the g.reatest oF prophets shall one day find shelter and proteetion, and of Meoca, the placo of bis birth, where now the holy temple stands wbieh I and Diy 80n Iimael (peace be on him I) re- built after the 1l00d." "The naxt morning, o l o ~ o n proclaimed that he would undertake a pilgrimage to" Mecca, and that The ancient Dame of MediDa, ",ben Mobamecl died. ~ 186 8OLOllOx'S PILQBDlA.GE. each. and every Israellte would. be permitted to ac- him. There immediate1y appllcd so many. pilgrims,. tUt. Solomon . obliged to. have a new. ciU'pet. WMeD. by the spirits, two leagues in length. and two in breadth. The. empty space whieb remained he :filled with. camela, oxen and smaUer cattle, wleh he designed to aacrmce at. Mecca, and to divide among the poor . For J:mself he bad a throne erected, whieh was 80; studded with bri1liant jewela, tut no one.could raiae. eyes. tO bim. Tbe of distingniahedpiety QOOUpied golden seats near the throne: tli.e learned were aeated on silver, aJldpart of tbe common people on, wooe!. Tbe genii and dcmons' were commanded to.6y before him, for he trusted: them 80 llttle, that he desired to have tbem eonatantly in bis presence, always drank out of crystal cups 80 aB never to lose .sight. of them, even wben he was com- peUed to satiery. bis thirst. Hut the birds he directed to6y.above the carpet in elose army, to protect the tmve1lers from the. sun. When .. tbe arrangements were complete, and men, spirits, birda and heasts were assembled, com ... manded tho eight winds to up the carpet with all tImt it conto.incd, and to carry it to Mcc:lina. In tbe vicinity of that city,. he made a signal to the birds to.lower their winga: whereupon the winds gra- dually abated, until the carpet rested on the earth. But .no one was permitted to leave the carpet, for TIIE .. TBUANT-BIJID. Medina was. then inhabited by worebippers of with.whom theJcing would not lider bill lIubjecm to. come.in.contact. Solomon went unattended to. the spot where, in! mter times,. erected bis fil'IIt moaque, it was then a burial-ground, - performed hiII mid-day devotioDs,and then l'eturned to thecarpet., Tbe at hiII nod. IIpread. their wiDgll, .. the wind!! bQre. up the.ca.rpet, and swept on with it to Mecca. This. city was then governed by the. Djorhamidea, who migrated there from the Southem .A.rabia, and were at that time worshippers of the only God, keeping the Kaaba as pure from idolatry as it was in. the. daYII of Abraham and of Illmael. Solomon therefore entered it, with a11. bis attendants, performed the . . obligatory on pilgrims, .. nd when be bad slain the victims wbich ho brought with. him (rom,. J erusalem, he in the Kaaba a long die- course,. in wbich he predicted the future birth Q( Mohamed, and exhorted all hiII haarers to enforoe Caith in him upon their children. and deacendants. Aftera stay of three days,. king Solomon resolved to roturn again to Jerusalem. nut when tJto birda bad unfolded. their wiDgs, .and the carpet was already. in motion, he' suddenly discovered a ray of light I!triking upon it, whence he ooncluded that ODe,of his birds haclleft im post. He therefore. summoned the eagle, and dirccted him to. call ovar tho namos 01 .all the birds, and to report 188 TBlD 8001"0.' whioh was absent. eagle obeyed, and 1IOOn eame bAck with the anawer that the hoopo was wanting. The king grew enraged; the more so because he needed the hoopo during the journey, since no other bird poasessed its powere to descry the hidden fount- ains of the desert. , "Soar aloft," he cricd harshly:to tho eagle; "searoh for tbe hoopo, aud hither, that i may pluok oft' its feathers, and expose it naked to the 8OOrohing 11Ul, until the worms shall have oonsumed it. " The eagle soared heavenwards, until the earth be- neath him appeared like an inverted bowle Ho then halted, and looked into every direotion to discover the 'trumt Bubjeot. .A.s 800n as he spied it ooming from tbe 8Outh, he plunged doWn, and would have l8ized it in bis talons, but the hoopo adjured him by Solomon to forbear. ce Darest thon to invoke the k:ing's protootion 11 replied the eagle. " WeIl may thy mother weep for thee. The king is enraged, for he has di.scoVered thy absence, and sworn to punish it terribly." " Lead me to him," rejoined the other. "I know that he will 8xouse my absence when he hears where I havs been, and what I have to report of my ex- oursion." " Tbo eagle Iod him to the 'king, who was sitting on his judgment-throne w.ith w.rathful oountenance, and initaUtly drew the delinquent violently towards him. The hoopo trembled in every limb, and hungdown his plumllgO, in token of Bubmi8Bion. But when So- TUE 18(} lomon would have grasped him still more tightly, he eried, "Remember, 0 prophet of Allah I thou, too, shalt one day give an account unto the Lord: let mo thorefol'c not bo condemned unheo.rd." "How canst thou excuse thy absenting thyselt' without my permission ? " " I bring information respecting a country and y. queen whose names thou hast not even heard of: the country of Saba, and queen Balkis." "These names are indeed quite strange to Me. Who has informed thee of them? " " A hoopo from those regions, whom I met during one of my ehort excuraions. In the course of our conversation I: spoke to him bf thee, and thy exten- sive dominions, and 'he was astoniehed that thy fame should not yet have reached 'bis home. He me thexefore toaccompany him there, and' convmce myselt' that it would be worth thy while to subject the land of Saba. unto thy sceptre. " On our way he related to me the whole bistory of that country down to it& present queen, who rules over 80 large an army, that ehe requires thousand captains 'to command it." Solomon relinquished bis hold of the hoopo, and commanded him to recount all that he had heard o.f that country, nd its history ; whereupon the bird began as follows : -" Most mighty king and prophet I he it known to thco tImt Saba is the capitoJ of' an extensive country in the 80uth of Ambia, and wa,s founded by king Bahn, Ibn Jashab, Ibn Sarab, Ibn '190 'SADA.. Iraootai1. His' name 'was properly Abd Shoms (the eervant 01 the Sun); but he bad roooived tbo' BUr- naDle 01 Saba (one who takes captive), by reason' 01 his numerous conquests. " . Saba 'was' the largest and most superb' city ever constructed by the band of man, and at the same time 'so strongly fortified, tho.t it might have defied tho united armies 01 the world. But that which especially diatinguished 'this city 01 maible pa.la.ces were the magnificent gardens in the centre of which it stood. , For King Saba had, in complia.nce with 'the 'cowisela of the wise Lockma.D,' conatructoo vast dykea and numeroua cana,ls, both to guard the people from inundation du ring the miny sea.son, and also a.ga.inat want oi water in time 01 drOught. , Tha it ca.me'to pass, that this country,whieb'is 80' Vast that a good horseman woUId require a 'month to travene it, beca.me' rapidly' the riebest and most fertile 01 the whole ea.rth. It was covered with the fineat trees in every' direction, ao tha.t' ita travellen knew nothing of the soorching 'SUD. Ite Ur too'was so pure and refreahing, and its, Bky so' tnmapa.rent, ~ the inhabitimts livoo' to .. very grea.t tage, in' the 'enjoyment 01 pertect health. TJie land 01 Saba was, 8 it ware, .. diadem on' the , brow 01 the univene. ' Thia ata,te oi felicit,. endured 'as long as it pleased '.Allah. King Saba, ita founder, died, and waa auc- .. 191 Ceeded 'by' otber kings, wbo enjoyed the fruits; of Lockman's laboUl'S, without thinking of prese"ing tbem: - ~ u t time' was busy with tbeir destruction. Tbe torrcnts plunging from' tbe adjacent mountains gradually undermined tbe dyke whieb bad been con- structed ~ restrain and to distribute them, into the various ca.nals, 80 that it fell in at last, and the' wbole oountry was, in consequence, laid waste by a fe&rrul flood. 'Tbe first precurson of an approa:cIng clliaster ebowed the,mselves in tbe reign ofking m r u ~ 'ID bis time'it was that the priestess Dbarifa beheId in-a . dream 0. vast dark e1oud, wbieb, bursting alnid tei-rific 'tbunderings,' pbured destruction upon' tbe land. She told her dream. to the king; and made no secret oE her fears' respecting the welfare of bis' empire; but the king and bis courtiers endeavoured to silcmce her, and oontinued, as before, their beedl_ careless course .. , One day, 'however, while Amru was in a grove i:n dalliance with two maidens, the priestess stepped 'before bim with disbevelled hair and ruftled counte- nance, and predicted anew the epeedy desolationof . the' oountry. ' Tbe king' dism.issed his oompanions; .m.d having seated the priestess beside bim, inquired of her what riew omen foreboded this evil. '" On my way'hlthv;" replled Dharifa" "I have met crim80n rats sta.nding erect, and wiping their eyes with' tbeir feet;' and '0. turtle, whieb, lo.y on its back, struggllng in vain 60 rise: - these a.re certain signa oE a flood, whieb sha1l 192 reduce tbis country to the BOd condition in wbich it was in QJlcicnt timos." .. ce What proof givest thou me of the truth of thy statement?" inquired Amru. ce Go to tbe dyke, and thine OWD eyes shall con- vince t hee. " The king went, but speedily came back to tbo grove with distracted countenance. "I have seen a drea.d- ful sight," be cried. " Three rats aB 1a.rge aB poreu- . pines were gnawing the dykes with their teeth, and tea.ring oft'. pieces of rock wbich My men would not bave been able to move." Dharifa then gave him still other signa; and he bimself bad a dream, in wbich be sa.w tbo tops of the loftiest trees covered with sand - an evident presa.ge of the approaching 110od; - so that be resolved to l1y from bis country. . Yet, in. order to dispose of bis. castles and posses- mODS to advantage, he concealed what he ha.d seen and beard, . and invented the following r pretext for bis emigration. One day he gave a grand banquet to his bighest officers oE state and the chiefs of bis army; but arrang- ed with bis son beforehand timt be should strike bim in the face during l\ discunion. Wben this l\Ccord- ingly took place at the publio table, the king sprang up, drew bis sword, and feigned to slay bis son; but, aB he bad foreseen, bis guests rushed in between them, and hurried away the prinoe. Amru then SABA. '193 swore thai he ,would no longer remain in a countty . when>:\he bad suft'ered BUch a disgrace. But when all 'bis estates were sold, he avowed th true motive of bis emiglution'; and many tribes joincd themsclves 10 him. 800n after his departure, the predicted calamities 100k place, for the inhabitarits of Saba, or Mareb, as tbis city is sometimes called, listened neither' to the warnings of Dharifa nor the admonition' of a prophet whom .Allah bad sent" thein. The strong dyke 'fell in, and the waters pouring from .the' mountain .. de- vastated the city and the entire vicinity. "Aa, how- ever, the men of Saba" continued the Hoopo in his narrative before king Solomon, "who bad ed' in10 the mountain were improved by their misfortune, and repented, they 800n BuOOeeded, with the help of Allah, in OODStruCting new dams,' and in reBtoring their country 10 a high degree oE power arid pros- perlty, which went on increasiDg under the succeeding kings, though the old Vices 100 re-appeared, and, in- stead ofthe Creator of Heaven and Earlh, they even worshipped the SUD." The last king of Saba,named Shamhbil, was a monBter of tyranny. He bad a vizicr desccnded from the ancicnt royal house of the Himiarites, who was BO handsome, that he fomid fa- vour in theeyes of thedaughters of the genii, and they often placed themselves in, his way in the shape of ga- zelles, merely 10 gaze upon him. ODe of them, whoso nnme Will Umohu, folt so nrdent p.n ttachmont for tlie vizier, that Bho completely forgot the diBtinction K 194 between men andgenii, and one day, while he was followiDg the.chaae, appea.red in the form of a beautiful ~ and oft'ered bim her. band, on n i t i o n that he :would follow her, and never demand an account 9f an,. of her action&. Tbe vizieJ' thought- the daughter of the gen 80 far eulted.above I;lll human beauty, that:be lost bis self-oommand, and consentod, witbout reection, to all tbat ahe proposed. U men. then jotirneyed with bim to .the island where he lived, and married him. Within. a yearls time ehe bore a daughter, whomsbe called Balkis; but 8008 ~ t ahe lett her hnaband, becarise he (as Moses bad done with Alkidhr) bad repeatedly inquired into her mo- tiveB when unable to comprehend her action&. Tbe vizierthenretumed with BalkiBto 00 native country, . and .concealed himBelf in ODe 01 its valIeYB at a diB- tance from the capital: thare BaIkiB grew np like the fairest fiower of Yemen, but ahe was obliged 10 live in .greater retirement the older ahe became, lor her father feared leBt. Sharabbil might. hear oE her, and treat her as remorseleBBly as the other maidena 01 Saba. Neverthe1eB8,.Heaven bad decreed that.all 00 pre- caUtiOUB should be abortive j.for the king, in order 10 leam the condition ,of '00 empire, and the secret sentiments 01 00 .mbjectB, once made a joumey on foot, diaguised like a beggar, .throughout the land. When he came 10 the Tegion whare the vwer lived, he heard both bim and biB daughter' much apoken of, because no one knew who he wal, uor whence he bad 195 oome, nor why he lived in such obscurity. The king tberefore O&used bisresidence to be ,pointed he reached it at tbe moment whenthe viZierandbis \ daugbtor were scatcd at table. His first glance -fell on Balkis,who was then in her fourteenth year, and beautifullike a houri,of Paradise, for, withtb!! grace and loveliness oE woman, , ehe .combined .trans- parent complexion and:themajesty of.tbe genii. But how great was bis .when,fixing his:eye on her fatber, he recognised bis -former' vizier, .w.ho bad 80 suddenly disappear;ed, and whose fate .had remained unknownr JJ soon as the vizier observed that .tbe king bad recognised him, he fell down at bis feet, imploring bis favour, and relating al1 that, bad befallen him during bi8 absence. SharahbU pardoned him .from love,.to Balkis, but demanded tut he 8hould resume bi8 former function8, and at the same time pre8ented him with a palacein the finest situation uearhie capital. Buta fewweeke had ecarcely elapeed whcn .tbe vizier one. morning returned {rom tbe city with a heavily,clouded brow, and said to Balkis, "My.feare are now realized I The king has wed thy hand, and I could not refuee without endangering my life, .&1. though I would rather see' tbee laid in tby grave than in tbe l'Dl8 of thie tyrant." "Diemie8 your feare, my Cather," replied BaUds; "I shall' free me and my whole sex from tbis aban- man.' 'Only puton a cheerful brow, thftt he i 196 SiBA. may not any a.nd 1'equeat bf hirn, aB the only favour I dcmand, that our nuptials be sole"mnised herein prlvacy." 'The king cheerfullyagreed to the wish of his bride, and repaired on the following moming, accom- panied bya few servante, to the vizier's palace, where ho was ontcrtained with royal mngniccnco. After \ ihe repast, the vizier rctircd with his gueate, and Balkis remained with the king. But on a given 'signal her female slaves appeared: one of "them another played on the harp, a third danced before thern, and a fourth presented wine in golden cups. . by Balkis's 'directions, eapecially active, 'so that the kmg," whom she urged by' every art to partake of the strongest winea, soon fell back lifeless on Balkis now drew foltb a dagger from beneath her robe, and plunged it so deeply inte> the "haart of Sharahbil, thnt bis soul rushed instantiy to' hell.' She then called her father, and pointing to the corpse before said, " To-morrow moming let the most in:uential men of the city, and also some chiefs of . the army, be" commanded, in the king's name, to send hirn their daughters. This will produce arevolt, which we shall improve toour advantage." " Balkis was not mistakcn in her conjecture; for tho men, whose daughters were threatened with infamy, oolled theirkinsmen together, and in the . eveniJig to tlte :palace of the vizier, threa.tening to se't it on re unless the king should be delivered up to thetu. TUE MISSIVE. 197 Balkis then cut oft' the king's head, and llung. it through the window to the aesembled insurgent&. stantly tbere arose the loud exultatione of tude, tbc city W8 festivaly illumincd, and Bolide, 8 protectrcee of her W8 proclaimed queen of Sab8o. ce This queen," conciuded the Hoopo, "hae been reign':'. ing there since many yeare in great wiedom and pru- dence, and juetice . prevails througbout hernow flouriehing empire. ,Sho aeeists 80t oll the councils ofher viziers; conceoJed from the gaze of men by a fine curtain, and' seated on a lofty throne of most skilful workmuehip, and adomed with jewele. But, like many of.the kings of that country before.her, she is a worshipper of the sun." '. " We ehaJl see," said when the' Hoopo. had concluded the account of. hie joumey,,'" whether thou haet spoken the truth, or art to be numbe.red. amonget deceivere. " . He then caused a fountain to be pointed out by the Hoopo, performed hie ablutions, and, when he had. pmyed, wrote the following linee: -" From Solo-. mon, the son of David and eervant of Allah, to B"lkis, queen of Saba. In tho Dl\m0 of Allah the All-mcrciful and Gmcious, bleseed o.re they who follow _the guidance of fate I follow thou my invita- tion, . and present hefore me a.s a believer." This note he sea.led with musk, stmnped hie signet on it, and ga.vo it to tho 1I00po, with tbo words, "Tako this letter to Queen Dalkis; then retire, but not so . Jt 3 198 QUEEN BALlO8. far OS to pmude thee ftOm hea.ring what she shall n.d\tise with- her viZiers respecting it. tJ ' The Hoop, with the letter- in bis bill, darted away , liJce: arrow;- and amved The queen wa,nurrounded by all her councillors:, when he stepped int> her hall of' state, imd dropped the letter- iilto her ln.p; Shc Btarted os BOon llB Bhe behcld Solo- monts mighty'signet, opeDedthe letterhurriedly, and, havfug first it to herself, communieated it to her- oounsellors:, amongwhom were also highest'chief- , tains; and ei;ltrea\ed their on- this important matter. -Butthey replied with one voice,- "You may rel)' on our power lind courage, and net nccording to your good! pleasure and wisdom." . "Before,- then:, I engage 'in war," said BaIkis,' "wliich alwaYBentails much' suft'ering and upon a I will Bend Bome presents to kiDg Solbmon:, and see how he will receive my ambas- BadOrs. Ir he suft'ers bimset!' to be bribed, he is no more t1wr otlier kings who ,have fallen before our power; hut he' reject my presents, then is he a ti-iie prophet, wlioS'e' fith Wo embrace:'J' , , She then dressed- five' hundred youthslike maidens, and ai many maidenS' like young men" and com- manded the' former to beoove in the preBence of So- lomon like girls; and the Th.ttedike' ])oY8o She then bad a earpets prepared wrought with' gold and silver, a crown eomposed of the fineat pearls and RIDDLES. 199. hyacinthB, and many loads of mUBk, amber, aloes,' and other' pmoue produete of South. Ambra. To these ehe IIdded a cloeed= casket containing' an: un .. : porforatcd pearl; a dirunond intricatoly piOrood,. nd n goblet of eryBtal. . . ce.A a trtte prophet," eJle wrote to him, " thou wilt no doubt be ableto distinguieh theyouthB hom the maidens,. tC:i the: contentB" of tlie cloeed. casket, to perforate tlie tC> thread diamond, and to fill: the goblet witb. 1Vat'er' tliat hae: neither dropped from the cloude nor guahed forth from the earth." .All these pl'e8entB and her letter ehe sent to bim by' experienced and iJ;itelligent men"to whom ehe' eaid at: tlieir cc'lf' Solomon; meet you with pride' n.nd harelmeee, 00' not cast for these are' indica-- tions of human weakn:eee; hut itlie' teceive you: with, kindneBB' and condeeceneion, (be on your' guard, for you then have to do with a prophet." Tbe Hoopo heard all tbiB, fr he bad kept clo8e to the queen: imtil the' ambaBBador bad depart;ed. He then ew tu a direct line, withoulI reeting; to the' tcnt of' Solomon; to whQm be reported what lic bad' The' king then commartded the genii to pro- a carpet which ehould cover the Bpace of nine parasa.ngs, and' to epread it out at' the &tops oE biS- throne toWardB the 8OUth' 1'0 the eastward, where the carpet ceased, he caused a lofty golden wall to , 200 lIAGNIFIOENOE. be erccted; and to the westward.one of silver. " On both eides of the carpet he mnged the mrest foreign animals. and 0.11 kinds of genii and demons. " Tbe ambassadors" were greatly eonfused on ar- riving in Solomon's encampment, whare 0." splendour and magnieence was displayed such" as they had never eoneeived of before. The first thing thcy did on beholding the immense carpet. whieb their eye8 were unableto survey. was to ing away their thou- sand earpets. whieh they had brougbt as 0. present for the king. Tbe nearer tbey came the greater waxed their perplexity, on account of tbe many singular birds, and heasts. andspirits through whose ranks they bad. to pass in approaching Solomon ; but their hearts were" as soon as tliey. stood before him,"for he greeted with kindness, and inquired with smiling lips what bad brought them to him ? "We are tbe bearera of a letter from queen" Balkis," replied the" most eioquent of the embassy, while he presented the letter. " "I know its contents." replied Solomon, "without opening it, as weIl as those of the casket whieh you have "bl'Ought with you; and I shall, by the help of .Allah, perfomte your pearl, and cause your to be threaded. But I will {irst of all ll your goblet with water, which has not fallen from tbc elouds, nor gushed from the earth, and distinguish tbe beardless youths from the virgins who accompany you." He then caueed one thousand silver bowls and basins to be. RIDI>LES SOLYED. 201, brougbt, and commanded the male and female slaves to wash tbemselves. Tbe former immediately put their hands, on wbich the water was poured, to tbeir" faces; but the latter first emptied it into, their rigbt hancls as it owed from the bowl into thcir laft, and then wasbed tbeir faces witb both tbeir bands.' Bere-' upon Solomon readily discovered . tbe sexes' of tbe slaves, to tbe great astonishment of tbe ambassadors.. Tbis being done, be commanded a taU and corpulent slave to iQ.ount on a young and fiery horse,and to ride through the camp at the top of. bis speed, and to instantly to him. When the slave returned' witb the steed . to Solomon, there poured from bim whole tQrrents" of perspiration, 80 that tbe crysta goblet was immediately filled. ". , '. c. Here," saidSolomon to tbe ambassadors, water whieb has noithor como out "of tho eartli from heaven." The. pearl be perfomted .with the stone, for tbe knowledge of wbich bo was indebted to Sachr and the raven; but tho threading of the dia- inond,in WbOBO opening there was every poBBible curve, puzzled bim, until ademon brougbt him a worin, whieb crept tbrough thejewel, leaving a silken thread behind; Solomoninquired of the worm how he might reward him for tbis great service, 'by whlch he bad bis dignity as a propbet. Tbe worm requested that a fino fruit tree should be appointed to bim as dwelling. Solomon gave him tbe mulberry-tree, Jt lS 20Z: PROPAGATION OF TIIE FAITB. which' from tha.t time' aft'ords a &heIter arid nourish- met to the ailkworm for ever. ' ce' You: have seen now," said Solomon' to the am- ba:8aadonr,. ce I have suooes8fully paised all the trWs' 'yom" qu:eeri has imposed on me. " Re- ititn 'td her, together with' the preaents destined tor' me, of which I do' not stand in" need, "and ten her that if she do not !lCOOpt my faith,' and do homage ll'nto ure, I ahall invade her country with an armt, whieh no' human power' shaU be able to reBist" and dtag lier' & wretched eaptive' to my eapital.'" aoibllBBadors 18ft" Solomon wider the' fulIest oonviction of his might, "and mission as a prophet; and their report "reapeeting all that Iwl paesed be- tween them ud the king made the same impression on " " Soloinon' is a 'mighty prophet," said she to' the 1tiziei'it who sUrrounded her, arid: had listened to- the narrative of the ambassadors': "tbe best plan I ea.n adopt" is to journey to hiin' with the' leaders of my ai'Diy, in order to' 8BCertain what he" demands of fis. w She then colJl'1D8.nded the necessary preparationa lor' the journey fu be' made'; IRld befre' l1erdepanure up' her" thl'One, which ehe left" with the greate8t reluctanoo:. in a ball wbi9h it was impossible to without finit stepplng through aix other closed fuilla :aild all theo Beven 1ia1ls were in the innermoat of' the 86ven apartments or' which the pa.lace, guarded by her most faitlul servante, consisted. INOANTATION 203 . Whan: Queen Balkis, attended by her twelve thou .. sand oaptains,. each. oE whom commanded eevera1 tJiousana men,. bad come withln a parasang of Solo- monrs encam.pment, he said t;o. bis hoat;g, u'Wbich of you will bring me the throne of Queen Balkis' before she come to me as 0. believer, that. I may rightfully appropriate tbis: cunous piece ot art while yet in the poesession oE an infidel?" Hereupoll' amisshapen demon (who was aB' Jarge as a mountain) said,. ~ . I will bring it to thee before noon, ere: thou dismiss thy counciL I am not wanting in power' for the acbievement, and thou ma.ye&t eil .. trust me with the throne without any apprehension." But Solomon bad not BO' much time left, . for' he already perceived at. a distanc8' the; clouds oE dust raised by the a:rmyoE Sah&. er Thon," Baid bis vizler, A88IIof,. th6 BOO . 01 Bumhja, who, by reason 01. bis acquaintance with the holy names of Allah, found nothing too diJlicult,. er raise thy eyes towards heaven, and before thou shalt be able. to cast them down again. to the earth, the throne oE the queen. of Saba sJiaJl stand hare before thee." . Solomon gazed heavenward, and Assaf called Allah by bis hollest name, praying that he might send him the throne of Balkis. Then, in the twin1ding of an eye, the throne rolled through. the boweIs of the earth until it came to the throne.of Solomon, and rose up through the opening ground, whereupoo Jt 6 204 , PRUDENOE. Solomon exclaimed, "How great is the goodneu' of Allah! this was assuredly intended as a trial whether, I ahould be grateful to him or not; but whosoever aclmowledgeth the'goodneai or AUah, does it to him-' self, and whoover denieth it, does no less 80. Allah, haa no need of human gratitude 1 ", After h:aving admired the throne, he said to one of his servants, "Make some change on it, and let u's see whether' Balkis will recognise it again." The servante took sever8l parts of the throne to pieces, and replaced them dHferently., But whenBalkis was' asked whether her throne was like it? aha replied, "It seems R8 ifit were the same." This, and other replies of the queen convinced Solo- mon of her 'superior understanding, for ahe had un- doubtedly reoognised her throne; but her, aDswer wal so equivooal, that it did not sound either 're- proa.chful o:r suspieious. But before he w o u ~ enter into more intimate relations with her, he desired to olear up a certain point respecting her, and to see whether ahe actually had cloven feet, as several ofbis demons would haver him to believe; o ~ whether they had only invented the defcet from fear lest he might marry her, and beget: ohildren, who, as descendants 01 the genii, would be' oven more Plighty than him..; seIt. He therefore causcd her to be oonductcd through a hall, whose ftoor was of arystal, and undor which ;,ater, tenanted by every variety 01 fish, was ftowing. Balkis, who bad never seen a erysta! floor, supposed TUE CONVERT - TDE .Al'E8. 206' that there was water to he passed throtigh, ud there-- fore raised her rohe elightly, when the king discovered, to bis great joy, a. beautifully-shaped female foot.. When his eye was satisfied, he called to her: "Copie. hitbor,thoro is no' water horo, hut only a CJystal oor, a.nd confess thyeelf to the faith in one 001y: GOD." Balkie approached the throne, wbich stood at the end of the ball, ud in Solomon's presence ab- jured the worship of the sun. Solomon . then married Balkie, but reinstated her a.s queen of Saba, and spant three days in every month with her. ' On .one of his progresses from Jerusalem to Marcb, he passed through a valley inhabited by apes; which, however, dressed andJived like men, and bad more eomfortable dwellinga than other, apes;' ud even bore all kinds of weapons. He deacended from bis jing carpct, and IIlII.i'chod intothc valley with a few of bis troops. The apes' hurried together to drive him back, but one of their eIden etellped forward and said: "Let UB mther &eek safety. in submission, for our foe is a holy prophet. Three apes were immediatelY chsen aB ambassadon to negotiate with Solomon. He received them kindly,' and inquired. to which class of apes they belonged, and how it ca.me to pass that they were so skilled in all human: arte? . Tbe a m ~ o r s replied: "Be not astoniahed nt us, tor wo arc desccndcd from mon, and are the remnant of a Jewish community, wbich, notwith- 206 atanding an. admonitioD,: ooniinued to desecrate the, Sabbath, until Allah, C'I11'8ed them, and turnod them into apeL- Solomon was moved to oompa.eaion; and,. to protect them from' all further anim08ity on the pari of 'mau, gave, thm' a parclunent,. in which he securecl tQ them for. ever- the undisturl?ed possesaion of this: "alle,.. [At, the- time of the ca1ifOmar, there'came. .. di .. vision of troops into this: valley; but when they. would have; ra.ised their tenta to occupy it, there came,.a.u,.aied ape,. with a: soroll of pa.rcbment in his. hands, and prcsented it to the leader of the soldiem: Yet"as no one was able to read it, they"sent it to Omar at Medinli., to whom it was explaincd by .. J ew, who ha.c:t been converted to Islam. He sent it back forth .. with, n ~ oommanded the troops to evacuate- the vall.,..J , Mea.nwhile 1:lalkis soon found .. dangero1lB: riyal in Djarada, the daughter of king N ubara, who governed one 01 the finest isla.nds in the Indian ocean. This king was .. fearf'ul tyrant, and forced all bis subjects to worehip him as a God s IOOD as Solomon. heard 01 i1, he marched 'agaIn.t him w i ~ aB man,. iroops as his1a.rgest oarpet . oould oontain, oonquered the island, and slew the king with, his own band. When ho was on the point ot leaving the paIaoe 01' Nubara, there stept before .. 140hamed mootlODI thia in the Koran aa a (Mt. IDOLATn,y. 207 a virgin who rar 8UrpBS8ed in 'beauty' and gra.ce the whole harem of Solomon, not even the' queen 01 Saba excepted. He commanded her to be led to bis carpet, and, her with death, foreed hel' to nccept his raith li.nd his band. But Djarada BaW in Solomon only the murderer 01 her father, and replied to bis careaaea with Bighs and team Solomon hoped that time would haal her' wounda, and reconcile her' W' her But when At, tha' Ue piration of a whole year her haart still cloacd againat love' and joy, . he overwhelmed her with repfOa9liea, and' inquired how he niight asauage her grief. , ' ' " AB it is not in thy power," replied' rccall my father to life, 88Dd a Ce;;- genii 1;0 my hotne; lot them bring bis statue, and pla.ce, it in: my chamber. Perhaps the sight of his itnage will ptooure me some' COnsolatioD." 'Solomon was weak enough to compl,. with ha requeat, to defile bis pala.oe with the bbage of' a ttlan who- bad dei1ied hii:nself, and to whom even DjIU'Bda secretly payed divine honours. This idol worship bad lasted forty days when Assaf was in- fornied ot it. He therefore mounted the rostrum" and, before the whole assembled people, pronounced a discourse, in: which he deacribed the pure and God- devoted life of all tho prophets, from Adam until I>avid.: In passing to Solomon, he pmised the wisdom and piety of tho rat years of bis reign, hut tos regrettec1 that hia Jater counea ehowed .. ot the- trae rear o( God. 1.. lOOIl .. 801omon bad learned the conteota ot thit dieeoarBe, he anmmoned A-r. and inquired ot bim whereby he bad, deaerved to be thue eeusored betore the whole people? AMal replicd, If Thon hast permittec1 thy paaaion 10 blind thee, and mft'ered idolatry in thy palace. " " &lomon hutened 10 the apartments of Djarada, whom he {ound proetrate in prayer before the image 01 her tather, and exclaimed, "We belong unto Allah, and shaU one day return 10 111m I " he ehivered tho idol to piecce, and punished tho princoee. 110 thon put on new rohes, whieb nono but puro virgine bad touebed, etrewed ashes on bis h_l, went into tho desert, ,and implored Allah fQr lorgiveneee. . Allah pardoned his ein; but he was to atone tor it during torty daye. On returning home in the v n ~ lng, luwing sivon his signet into t.he keeping oE one l hl. WiV08 until ho Bhould return from an unclean pIAOO, BRehr aiBumod his form, and obtained f r o ~ her tho ring.' $oon after, Solomon himBelf elaimed it; but ho WRI laughod at and dorided, for the light of prophooy bAd doparted trom' bim, 80 that no one re. 00;nl.0(1 hlm RI king, I\Dd ho was <lrivon from bis pall\OO 1\1 1\ dooolvor and impostor. He now wandorcd up ant! down tbe oountry; and wherever he gave bis namo ha WIUI mookod R8 IL madman, and shainefully ontroatod. 'In thl. mlUDer he lived nine-and-thirty . . - BACHR. 209. day!!, sometimes begging; sometimes Jiving on herbe.. On the fottieth day he entered into the service of a' fisherman, who promised. him as his fisbos, one of whicb ho bopod to exchange fOE: But on that day the power of &chr Im; end. ' For this wicked spirit 1md, notwithstanding, bis, external resemblance _,to Solomon, and his possession' of the signet ring, by which he had power over spirits, men, , and animals, excited suspicion, by his ungodly and his senseless and un-: lawful ordinances. The elders of Israel came daily to preferring: new charges against the king; but Assaf' constR.l:ltly (ound the doors of the palace closed .against bilD.' ' But when, finally, on the day" .the wives of Solomon came and complained the king no longer obsened any of the prescnbed rules of purification, AIIBI, by some doctors of the law, 'who were reading aloud in the Thora, forced .. ,his way, spite' of the gate-keepers and aentinels, wbo would have hindered bim, into tho 'of state, , wbore Saohr sojourned. 'No sooner did he hear the word of God, which bad been revea1ed to Moses, There ia an allusion here to the peculiar ideu which both MobamedanB and J eWB attach to the recltation oe lICl'iptural 01" imngincd ICl'Cd WOrdB and sentcncea. Thcy believe their bare reoillrig or repetition valuable:- 210- PROVIDENCE. than he shrunk back into bis native form, and flew in haste to the shore ot the" Be&, where the signet ring dropt trom him. By the providenoe' 01 tb:e Lord: of the universe, tlie riDg was caught up and swallowed bya 6ab, which was 800n afterwards driven into the net of the fisher- man whom Solomon servect Solomon rcceivcd this fish as the. wages of bis labour, and when he ate it in" the evening he' found bis "He then" COJDJD8.nded the" winds to take him back" 10 JeiusaIem, where heassembled" around him all the chiefs of men, birda,. beaata, and spirits, and related to them" all that Iiad befallen him during the last forty days, and how Allah bad, in a miraculoua man- ner, reatored. the ring which Sachr bad wily uaurped. He- then cau.sed. S&chr to be p'ur8ued, and forced. rum into Bi oopper ftask, which he sealed with hiIr signet, and: ffung 1)etween two rocka into the sea of Tiberias, "wl}.ere he muat remain until the day ot the reaurrection. Tlle government 01 Solomon, "which after thia laaf.ed yet ten yea.ra. was not" elouded lIgain by" miafortune:. Djarad"a, the" ca'o8e of bis" calamity, never deaired to see agam, although ahe 1. Aa beiDg meritorioUi beton God, independent of an1 re- _im whieh it ID&1 produce on their heut and undentanding. "I. Becauae enry leu.er u lI1lJIPCIIII!d to pcaeII (cabIlistic)" charm 1CtiDg. with resiatlesa power upoo spirits, and llYen upoo the Lord himselt-B. T. TADHOR. 211 was now trul,r converted. But Queen BaUds he visited regu1arly every month until the day of her death. When she he caused her remmns to be taken to the city of Tadmor, which ehe bad and; buried her there. But her grave remamed unknown until the of Calif Walle), when, inconsequence: of long-continued rains, the walls of Tadinor fell in; and a stone coffin . was , discovered sixty cubits'long and forty this inscription :.,""': ," " Here is' the grave of the piowi Ba1kis, the ,queen of Saba and consort of the prophet Solomon, the 80n of David. She was converted to the troe, faith' in the thirteenth yoo of Solomon's accession to' the' throne, married him in, the'14th, and died on Mon-' day, tho BOcond d" 01 Rabi;.Awwalj in the tliree- and-twentieth year of bis reign."' , Tbe of' the calif caused tlie Ud of the coffin to: be raised up, and discovered a female form, whicli was as fresh and well' preserved as if it bad but just been. ' buried. He immediately made areport of it to his father, inqulring what should: be done witb.;, the comn. ", W alld: commanded that ii ehould, be lett in tlie place where it was found, and be so' built up with marble stones that it ehould never be desecrated' agam by human bands. Tbis command WM oboyod; and notwithetanding the many devo.statioDS and changes which the city ot 212 THE ANGEL OFDEATH. Tadmar and her walls bnve suft'ercd, no tmccs havo been found of tho toinb oE Queen Dn.lkis. A few months .rter the death orthe queen of Saba, . tbe Angel of DeOoth IloPpeared unto Solomon withsix faces :, one to' the right, and one to the 16ft; one in front, and ono behind; one above his head, and one below it. The king, who had never seen him in was startled" Oond what this six- fold visage signified? ' ; .' ".With, the faoe to the rlght," replied the Angel of Death," I fetoh the souls from thc east; with timt to the left thesouls from tlle west; with that abovc, tbe souls of the inhabitants of heaven; with tImt below, the demons from the depths of the earth; with thOot behind, tbe souls of the people of Mad- judj and Jadjudj (Gog and Jdagog); but with that in, front, those oE the Faithful, to whom also' tby soul belongs.". . "Must, then, even the Oongels (lie?" . " All that lives becomes the prey of deOoth, soon as . &ball bave blown the trum pet the second time. Then I shall put to death even GOobrlel and Michael, and immediately after that !Dust myself die, at the command of Allah. Then God alone remains, Ijond exelaims, 'WhOBO, tbo world?' but tllere shall not a living creature be left to answer him I And forty years must elOopse, when Israfi.l shall be to life; that he mOoY blow bis trumpet 00 third time, to wake all the dead." ... . TUE LAST JUDGMENT.213 "And omen sh&n rise :6rst' from the grave'" , 0 0 , , "Mohamed, the prophet, who shall m: mter times sl>ring from tho dosoondo.nts of Ismni1. 0 o "Ismfil himself nnd Gnbriel, togethcr with other an- gela, shall oomc to his grave at Medina, and cry, 'Thou purest IloDd noblest of souls I return o.go.in to thy im- macula.te body, IloDd revive ita.go.in.' Then sball he rise from his glave, and shake the dust from bis head. Gabriel greets him, IloDd points to the wingedBorak, who sto.nds prepared tor him, IloDd to a sto.ndard IloDda crown whichAllah sends him from Pa.radise. The then says to him; 'Come to thy Lord, 0 IloDd mine, thou eleet among all crea.tures I The gardens or Eden are festively adomed for thee; the hourls n.wait thee with impatienoe.' He then lifte him upon Borak, pla.ces the heavenly 0 sto.ndard in bis hand, and the crown upon bis head, IloDd leads him into Para- mae. Thereupon the rest of mankind shall be called to life. They 0 shall all be brought to Pa- lestine, where the gren.t tribunal shall 0 be held, nnd wbcro no othor intorcossion than that of ,Maho- mcd is n.ccepted. Thn.t will be 0. fcarfUl day, when every one shall think only or himself. Adam will o ery, ' 0 Lord, save my soul only I I care not for Eve, nor for Abel.' 0 Noah will exelaim, '0 Lord, pro- serve me fl'Om hell, IloDd do with Ham Rnd Sheni llo8 thou pleo.scst I' Abraham sballMY, 'I pray neithor tor Ismncl nor IsaaC, but for 'my own anf'oty only.' 214 SEYEN BRIDGES. Even Moses mall forget bis brother Aaron, and Christ bis mother, 80 greatly shlill they be oonoorned for themselves. None but Mohamed shaU implore the merey of God for all the faithful of his people. They that a.re risen will then be conducted over the bridge Sirat, which is composed of Beven bridges, each of which isthreo thousand yoars longe This bridge is as sharp as a swor4, and aB fine as a hror . . One th4'd of it is an ascent, one third is even, and ,one is .a He &lone whopasses all .these bridges with suooess can ,be admitted into Pa- .radise. The unbelievers fall into heU .fromthe first bridge; the prayerless, !rom the second; the uncha- ritable, from the third; whoever has eaten in .Ramad- .. han, .from the fourth; whoever has neglected the pU- grimage, from tbe.fif'th; whoever hath not commended the ,good, !rom :the sixth; andwhoso hath notpre- fromthe seventh." " When sball tbe resurrection be?" " That is known only to Allah; but assuredly not 'before the advent of the of all pro- p\1.eu. 'Previoqsly to it .tbe prophet ,Isa (Christ), Bpl1lug {rom thy own family,shaUpreach the tl1J.e :faith,shalJ be lifted up byAllah,:and be born ogain. The ;nations of J acljudj and Madjudj shaJI bunt the :wall . behindwbich .A1.oxander has ponfined thcm . ne eun lilhall rise in the west, and many other filigns and .wondere sball precede." " me to live until tbe coPlpletic:m of-my DEATH OF BOLOHON. 215 temple, for 80t my death the gen and dem01l8 will cease their labour." " Thy hour-glase has run out, and it ie not in my powor to pl'Olong t11y lifo l\11othor 8Ocond." " 1.'hen follow me to my eryeta! hall I " The Angel of Death accompanied Solomon unto the haU, whoee waJJewere entirely of eryet.al. There Solomon prayed; and leaning upon hieetaff, re- quested the angel ,to take hie 8()ul.in tbat p<leitioq. Tbe angel' co1l8ented; and, bie death was thue oon- cea1ed from :the demone a whole year, till thetemple was :6nisbed. It was not until the .eta.fF, when da- etroyod;by worme, broke down :with him,. that bis death was ob8!lrved by the spirits, who, ,in order to :revilllge themeelve8, .concea1ed all kinde ot magical .bpok.e undor hie throne, 80 'that ~ y ,believo1'8 t h o ~ g h t Solomon bad been a 8Orcorer. But he w.as a. pwe and divine prophet, as it iewntton in the X;Ort\l.l, "Solomon was ,no infidel, but the demonewere,'un- . believere, apd taught all manner otsorcenee." Wben the king waslfo.1g on the ground, ,the angele ca.rried him, together with bis, eignet-ring,to a cave, where , they ehall guard him until the OOy ot the reeurrection. 216 JOHN, MARY, AND CHRIST. TREU onoo lived in Palestine a man named Am- ram Ibn Mathan, who bad attained to a. great age, without being bleslied with posterity. Shortly before bis death bis wife Hanna prayed tO the Lord 'that He might not sutFer her to die childless.Her prayer was heard, and when she was with child she dedlcated her otFspring to the service of. the Lord. But, contrary to her expectations, she gave birth to adaughter, whom ahe" named Mariam (Mary), and was naturally in doubt if her child would be accepted as a "servlint in the temple, until an angel cried to her, "Allah luls accepted thy V:ow; although he knew be- forehand that thou shouldst not give birth to a son. ~ has .. moreovcr sallctified thy daughter, as well as the man-child that shall be born of her, and will pre- serve him from the touch of Satan, who randen every other child susooptibie of sin from itS birth(on.w.hich a.ccount, also, a.ll children cry aloud when theyare born)." These words comforted Hanna, whoso husband bad died during her pregnancy. As soon as she had reco- vered from her childbed, she carried her infant daughter to J erusalem, and presented her to the priests, as a ZACIlARU,H. 217 child dedicated,to 'Allah. Za.chariah, a priest Wh08e wife was related to Hanns., was desirOU8 of taking the child horne with hirn; but the other priests, wbo wcre 0.11 enger for this privilege, (for on o.ccount of his piety, Amrarn bad stood in high repute among them,) l)rotested ago.inst it, and forced him to cast lots with them for the guardianship of Mary. They proceeded therefore, twenty-nine in number, to the Jordan, and flung *eir arrows into the, river, on the ing timt he whose arrow should rise agam, and remmn (In the water, should bring her up. By the will of Allah, the lot decided in favour Za.ciliariah, wbo then built a small chamber for Mary in the Temple, to ",hieh no one bad a.ccess but himself. But when 'he brought her some food, she was aJready supplied, und thoughit was in winter, the choicest SUmmer fruits were standing before her. ' To his inquirywhence she had obtained it all, ahe replied, "From Allah,. who satisfieth every one according to bis own pleasure, "nd giveth no a.ccount of bis proceedings." When The general defection or the Church had, long berore ltIohamed'l time, apread into Arabi., where Christianity had been early and extenaive1y planted. . Mnny bereaiea respecting the Trinityand the Baviour, the worahip or saint. and images, errora on the future atat.e or the 1Oul, &0., had 10 complete1y overrun the nominal cburch 'or that country, tbat it ia diicult to 8&y wbether one particle or truth WRB lcft in it. :More eapecially the worabip or Mary RB the Muth"r ofGod, wllonl tbc Marianitca conaidcred RB a Divinit)-, AIIII to whom Collyridiana cvcn oll'ored a ltated eaori4co, W&I in L
218 TWO PLOWER8. Zachariah saw tbis, he pmyed to Allah to perf'onn a miracle cven in his oase, and to ble8fi him with a. son, notwithstanding bis advanced Then Gabriel called to him, "Allah will give thee a son, who shall be called Jabja. (John), and bear testimony to the W ord of God" (Christ). Zacbariah went down to bis houso filled with joy, nnd rclatecl to his wifo what t11e angel had announced to him; but as ehe was already ninety-and-eight 100m of age, and her bus- band one hundred and twenty, she laughOO him, 80 that at length he bimself began to doubt the ful- filment of the promise, and askOO a sign from .Allah. . '" As the punishmcnt of thy unbelief," cried G ... briel unto him, "thou shnlt bc spccchlcss for three days, and let this serve thee as the sign thou hast required." . t On the following morning Zachariah, as usual, desir.ed to lead in pmyer, but was unable to utter 0. single sound until the fourth day, when his tongue was 100sOO, and he besought .Allah to pardon him and his wife. , Thcn there eame 0. voiee from hooven, whieh said, " Y our sin is forgiven, and .Allah will give you a son, shall surpass in purity and holiuess all the men of his time. Dlc88ed bo ho in thc day of his birtb, as weIl as in thos of his dooth and resurrcction. " general Afohamed; and it is ai curiOUl 81 it ia sad to observe.how thia idolatry affccted him.-E. T. MAKY. 219 'Vithin a year's time, Zachariah became the father of a child which, even at .its birth, bad a. holy and venerable appearance. He no\v divided his time' botween bim n.nd MIl1'Y: andJohn in the bon8O of his father, and Mary in the up like two fair owers, "to the joy of all daily increasing in wisdorn and piety. 'Vhen Mary had grown to womanho9<l. there ap- peared to her one day, wbile she was alone in her cell, Gabriel, in fnll human form. Mary hastily covered hersolf with her veil, and cried," "Most Mercifnll assist roe aglJoinst" this man." But GlI.briel sa.id, "Fear not hing from me: I am the llle88eugor of thy Lord, who has exalted thee auove all the wornen of emh, and am corne to make known to thee bis will. Thon shalt bear a son,' and caU hirn Isa., the Blessed one. He shall speak earlier than all otl1er children, and.be honoured both in this world and in the world to come I" "How sllaH I beo.r a. son," replied Mary, nf- frighted, "since I have not known a man? " " It is even so," replied Gabriel. "Did not Allah oreate Adam without either father 01' mother, merely by bis word, 'Be thon creatcd.' Thy son shall be sign of His omnipotcncc, and ns His prophet, restore the sons of Israel to thc }lath of righ- tcousness. " ,. :I 220 DIRTB 01' OBRIST. Wbcn 'Gabriel had thUB spoken, he raised with biB finger Mar,'. robe from her bosom, ud breathed upon her. Thoreupon ahe ran into the f i e d ~ ud bad scaroely time to support herself on the withered trunk of a date tree, before sho was delivered of a son. Then cried she, "Oh that I bad died, and heen forgotten long ere tbis, rather than that the suspicion of having einned ehould faU upon me I " . Gabriel appeared again to her, and said, "Fear nothing, Mo.ry. DehoId, the Lord causes a fountain "f fl'ellh wa.ter to gush forth from thc earth o.t thy foet, nnd tho trunk on which thon lCtl.est is bloB80m- ing even now, and fresh dates are covering itB withered lwanohe8, Eat ud drink, and when thou art satis- ftod, return to thy people; and if any one shall inquire of thoo rospooting thy ehild, be thou sileht, and Ieave tby defonco to hirn," Mury plueked a few dates, which tasted like t'ruit from PlU'l\dise, dmnk from tbe fountain, whose wator was oven like milk, and then went, with her ahild in lier arms, unto her family; but all the pOOlllo oried out to her, "Mary, what hast thou ,luno? Thy father was so pio\ls, Rnd thy mother 80 (lhlllltO." Mau'y, illtltoud of l'OllIying, poilltcd to tbe child. 'fhon Baid bor relations, " Shall thie new-born child nnswer UI?" nut J OBUS Bl\id. "Do not sin, in suspecting my HIRACLE8 . 221 blothet. Allah bas created me by bis word, and has chosen me to be bis servant and prophet." But, notwitbstAnding all tbese wondere, the sou ol Iuael would not heUeve in Christ when at the age of manhood, he proclaimed to them the Gospel wbieh Allah bad revealed to him.. He ",as derided and despised, because he called himself "the Word cmd the Spirit of Allah," and WDS challenged to per- form new mirac1es in the sight of the whole ~ p l e . Christ then created, at the will of Allah, varioue kiJids of birds out of clay, wbieh he animated with .hii breath, so that theyate and. drank, and Bew up and down, like natural birds. He healed in one .day by his prayer fif\y thousand blind and leprous persona, whoee eure the best phyeiclans of those times bad been unable to eft'ect. He reoovered many dead, who, o.fter he bad recalled them to e married again, and bad. children, and even raised up Sam, the son of .Noah, who, however, died again immediately. But he not only revived men, but even i80lated parts and limba. During bis wanderings, he one day found a skull near the Dead' Sea, and bis disciples DBked him . In the original, it is eaid, Christ WH able to teil the people wh. tood they bad taken, and what proviaionl they had laid up in store. This whole legend shOWI how painfully deceived Mohamed. WH by thoae who lpoke to hiID of the Lord JelUl Christ; but if, even with hil knowledge, hc belicved lIim to have becn great prophet, would 110 not llavc believed in hi . Divinitl if he had read the goapeIa P La '222 , 'tHE SKULL. , to' recaU it to life. Christ pl'ayCd to Allnh, antI then, turlling to the skulI, sl\id, "Livo, by tho will of the Lord, and tell us how thou hast found death, the gmve, and the future state." 'rhe skull then ,assumed the form of a living 'head, , ,and, said; "Know thou, 0 prophet of,Alla.h I that 'foul' thousand yean ago, after taking a bath, l' fell into 0. fever, whieh, notwithstanding aU the .eines wbieh were given me, continued seYen days. On the eighth day I was so entirely, exhausted, that all my limbS trembled, and my tongue cleaved to the roof of my mouth. Then there came to me the Angel of Death in a terrible shape. Bis head touoooo : the sky, while bis feet stood in tbo lowest depths of tbe elu1}l. He held a sword in bis right band, and a cup in bis left, and there were ten other angels with ,him, whom 1 took to be bis servantB. I would have so, loudly 'at their Bight, tho.t the inhabit- antB of heaven and of earth must have been petrified ; ,hut the, angels fell on Me, and held my tongue, and Bome of them proesed my veina, 80 as to force out ,my spul. Then aaid I, "Exalted 'spirits, I will give .. -U; that I, poesees for .my life." But one 01 them ,struck me in the faoe, and almoatshattered my jaw- bone, aaying; 'Enemy of Allah, He acceptB no rau- 'BOm.' The Angel of Death then placed bis sword upon my throat, and gave me the cup, wbiOO I was fQi:oed to enipty' to the drega, and tbiB was my death. My coneciousnees now 108t, I waa waahed, Wra:ppecHn TUE SKULL. 223 '0. shroud, and interred; but when my pve was eovered with earth, my soul returned to my body, and I was sorely afraid in my solitude. But soon there oome two angels, with a pnrchmont in their hands, and told unto me till the good and till the . bad that I bad done while living in the body, and I was compelled to write it down with myown hand, and to attest it by my own signature: whereupon thcy 8uspended the scroll on my neck, and vanished. There then appeared two,other dark blue angele, each with 0. oohnnn oE me in bis }land, one single spark oE whieh, it bad dropt on the earth, would have eon- 8umed it. They ealled to me, in a voioe like thunder, C Who is thy Lord?' Overcome with fright, I lost my sense8, and said 8hudderingly, C You are my 'lords ;' but thtly criod, C Thou liest, encmy of .Allah,' and 8truck me 0. .blow with the eolumn of me, that sent me down to the seventh earth; but as soonae I returned again to my gravc, they said, C Oh Earth I punieh the man who hn.s been rebellious against his .Lord. ' lnetantly the ea.rth crushed me, so that my bones were almost ground to powder; and ehe said, 'Enemy of God I I hatod thee whilc thou didet tread my 8Urfaoe, but, by the glory of Allah, I will avenge: me now, while thou an lying in my bowels.' The angele then opened one of the gatewaY8 of hell, and cried, C Take thie sinner, who did not belleve in Allah, boil and burn him.' Thercupon I was dmgged into the centre of hell by a chain which was seventy L4 224 . TBE BULt.. cuhitiJ in length, and as often RB the ames consumed ruy skin I receivcd "f'reah one, hut only to suft'er anew the tonnen ta of hurni.ng. . At the same time, I was 'so hungry, that I prayed. for' food. But I only ob. tained the putrified fruit of the tree Sakum, which not roy hunger, but even caused thi most horrid pn.in, and 'violent thint; and when' I Mked for. something to drink, nothing but boiling water was given me. At last they urged one :end of the. chain with such violenee into ruy. mouth, that it eame out through' iny back, ud chained' me hand and foot." When Christ'heard this, he wept with oompasaionj but : demanded of the skull to describe hell more minutely. " Know, then," continued the skull, "Oprophet o( Allah 1 tha* hell consists of Beven :oors, one below the other. - The uppennoBt is for hypocrites, the second for J ews, the third tor ChriBtiana; the, fourth for the Magi, the fifth for those wno call the prophets Hars, the sixth for idolaters, and the seventh for the. trin- ners of the people. of: the prophet Mohamed, who BmU appear in later timeB. Tbe . "bode is'lcn.st tcrriblc, and sinners 0.1'0 savcd from it through tho, intcrce8sion ,Mohamed; but in the othors tbe and AgOny arc so gJ.'Cat, tb at if tliou, 0 prophet of Allah I, 'shouldst but see it, thou wouldeBt weep with compa8aion as a woilllLn who hu l?st her only child. ' The '9uter . part of hell is of TIIE SKULL. 225 oopper, and the inner part of lead. Its :oor is pu- nishment, .. nd the wrath of the Alniighty its ceilmg. Tbe walls are oE fire, not clear and luminous, but blo.ck fire, and diflUsing a close disgusting stench, heing fed with men and idols." Christ wept long; and then inquired of the skull to which famUy he belonged during lifetimc. He replied, "I am .. descendant of the prophet Eliasr" . " And what desirest thou now? " . " That' Allah would recall me to life, that I might &erve hirn with my whole heart, 80 as one day to be worthy of Para.dise I " Christ prayed to Allah, "0 Lord I thou knowest this man and me better than we know ourselves, an"- nrt omnipotent." Then Allah said to hUn, "I bad long ago resolved upon . that which he desires; since, indeed, he bad many excellencies, and WDS especially benevolent to the poor, he may return to the world thl'Qugb thy intercession; and if he &erve me henceforward faithfully, all bis sin88hnll be forgiven." Christ cried unto tbo skull, ,i Bo again a pertect man, thl'Qugh the omnipotence of God;" and while the .' words were still on his lips, there rosa up .. man who looked more blooming than in bis former life j and cried, "I confess that there is but one God, and that Abmhanl WRB his frlond; Moscs saw him faco to face, Isa ia bis spirit and word, and Mobamed 226 BESUBOITATION. ,shall be'his last o.nd greateet messenger. I confess, mor,eover, thRt the resurrcction is as eertain as deo.th, and that hell and paradise do rea1ly exist." Thie man lived sixty-and.eix yeare after his reeusoi- tation, and spent his days fasting, and his nighte in prayer, nol' did he alienate a single moment from the service of the Lord until he died. But the more wondere Christ hefore the eyes of the people, the greater was their unbellef: for all that they ware not able to comprehend, they " helieved to be sorcery o.nd delusion, instead of per .. eeiving therein a proof of his divinc mieeion. ,Even thc Apostles whom be had chosen to propa- gate the new doetrine, were not steMast in the faith. and asked of him one day, that, he might cause Ho tabIe, covered with viands, to deecend fromheaven I , ce A table shall be' given you," said a voiee heaven, "but whosoever sball thereafter continue in unbelief sha1l suffer severe punishment." , . ,Thereupon there deecended two ciouds, with a golden table, on which there stood a covered dish of &ilver. " , ,Many oe the Israelites who were present ex- claimed, "Dehold the sorccrer I wbat new dell1sioll bl\8 he wrought?" But these scoftcrs were instantly changed into swine. And on seeing it, Christ prayed : Lord, let this table lead us to sal- vation and not to ruin I" ,Then said he to the MIRAOLES. 227 Apostles, "Let him who is the greatest among you rise li.nd uncover this dish." But Simonj the oldest apostle, said, "Lord, tbou art tbe most wortby to bebold this hoo.venly food first." Christ then wnshed bis hands, removed the cover, and said: "In the name of Allah I" and behold there became visible a large baked fieh, with neither bones nor seales, and dift'used a fragrance around like. the fruits of Paradise. Round the Ssb there lo.y five small loaves, and on it salt, pepper, and other spices. Spirit of Allah," said Simon, "are these viands - from this world or from the Qther?" But Christ .replied, " Are not both worlds, nd nJl tbat they con- Wn, the work of theLord ? Receive whtever he has given with grateful haarts, and ask not whence it comc,ll But if tbo nppclU'DQC of this fieh be not suffiQientIy miraculous to you, you sholl bebold a still greater sign." Then, turning to, the fieh, he said, ." Live I by the will of the Lord." The fish then began to stir and to move, so that the Apostles fled with faar. But Christ called them back, and aaid,. . f' Why do you flee from that which you have tlcsircdP" Ho thon callod to tho Bo ngain 'what thou wast before I " and immediatelyit lay there as it had come down from heaven. The disciples then prayed Christ that he might eat oe it first; but he replied, "I have not lusted tor. it.: ho tImt hns lustcd for rt, lot bim oo.t of it now." But 'whcn t110 disciplcs rofusod to et of it, thoy 228 now aaw that their requeat bad been ainf'ul, Christ ealled many aged man - many deal, siek, blind, and lame, ud invited them to eat of the &ab. There now . came thirteen hundred, which ate or the fiab, ud were aatdied. But whenever one piece waa cut oft' from the fish uother grew agam in ita place; 80 that it still lay there entire as if no one Iwl touched it. The gnesta were not only satisfied, but even healed of all their dieeaSes. Tbe aged became yoong, the blind aaw, the deaf heard, the dumb spoke, ud. the lame regained their vigorouslimbs. When the Apostles aaw this, they regretted that they bad not eaten ; nd whoever beheld the menthat h&d been cured and invigorated thereby, regretted in like manner not to have shared in ihe repast. When, therefore, at the prayer of Christ, a similar table again from heaven, the whole people, rieh ud poor, young ud old, siek arid whole, came. to be' refreshed by these heavenly . viands. This lasted during forty daye. At. the dawn of day the borne on the clouds, descended in the face of the sons of Israel; and before .sunset it gradually rose up again, until it vanished behind the elouds. But as, notwithstanding this, many still doubted whether it really came from beaven, Christ prayed no longer for its return, ud tbreatened the unbelievera with tho puniahment of the Lord. Nover- theless in the hearts oE the Apostles every doubt . respeoting the miuion of their Lord was removed, they t!!,velled partIy in his company,. partly LAST HOUR8. 229 alone, through the whole of Palestine, preaching ~ h faith in .Alla.h and his prophet Christ; and, according to the new' revelation, permitting the eating of many thiugs wbieb bad been prohibited to tbo SOO8' 'of IaraeL But when he would bave aent them to. teach' bis gospel even in distant eountrica, tbey exeuaed . themaelves with their ignorance 01 foreign tonguea. Christ oomplained of their diaobedience before the Lord; and behold, on thc following' day hia diaeiples had forgotten their own Ia.nguage, and every one knew only' the language or the people unto which Christ desired to send him, so that they bad no longer any reaaon to disobey hia oommanda. . But while the true faith found many lollowera abroad, the hatred of the sone of Israel, but especially. of the prieste and the heada' of the people, towarda Christ, daily waxed in ranoour until 80t last, when he had attained the age or thirty-and-tJn:ee yeara, they sougbt to take hislife; butAllah overthrew their plans, anel mised him to heaven unto himaelf, while anoiher lllau, whom Allah had cauaed to ha.ve a. perfeet resem ... blanee to hirn, WRS put to death in his stead. The further particulara of the last momente of this prophet are vnriously narmtoo by the learned. But most of them run as folIows: - On the evening . before the passover fcast, the J ews took Christ captive, together witlt his Apostlea, and ahut them up in a hoosc, with thc intention of puttil1g Cbrist publicly to death on the following lDornibg. But in the night 230 LAST noUBS. AUah revealed to him, "Thou sbalt receive death from mo, but immediatelyalterwarda bc raiaed up to heaven, and be delivered from the power of the 11D:" believen. " Christ gave up bis spirit, and remained dead for the space of three hours. . In the fourth hour the Angel Gabriet appeared, and nised him un Ilerceivcd by uy through a window into heaven. But an unbelieving Jew, who bad stolen iilto tbe house to wateb Christ that he might by no means escape, became so like him that even the Apostles them- selves took him to be their prophet. He it was who, as soon as the day dawned, was chained by the J ews and Ied through the streets of J erusalem ; every body crying to him, "Hast thou not revived the dead I Why shouldest thou not be able to break thy fetten 1" Many pricked hirn with rode of thom, othen spit in bis face, until he at last Arrived at the p1ace of exeeution, w ~ he was crucified, for no one would beIievc that he was not the Christ. But when Mary bad well-nigh succumbed from gricf at the shameful deatb of her suppoeed son, Christ appeared 10 her from heaven, and said, ":Moum not for Me, for Allah has taken me to lrlmself, ud we shall be re-united in the day of the resurrection. Comfort my <1isciplcs, and tell thorn timt it is well with lDe in heavcn, ud tbat thcy sball obtain a placc beside me, they continue steadfast in the faith. Hereafter, at the aI'proach of the last day, I &hall be sent agam upon .the earth, wben I shall s)ay LAST HOURS. .231 the false prophet DadjaJ. and the wild 'boar, (both of which causa similar distress in the earth), and such astate ot peace and unity shall ensue that tbc lrunb and. the hyena shall feod like brothers beside each other. I skall then burn the Gospel, ,oMeh has been falsified b!J ungodl!J priesu, and the el'osses whieh tlte'!l ',ave worshipped as Gods, and eub- ject the whole earth to the doctrines of Mohamed, ",ho sltall be sent in later times." When Christ had tlms spoken, he was onoe more lifted on a cloud to heaven. But Mary lived yet six years in the faith of . Allah, and of Christ her son, and of the prophet Mohruned, whom both Christ as weil as Moses before hirn had proclaimed. The peaoo of Allah be upon them all I THE END. LoNDON: l'rlnted bl A. .N . 5Ireet.Sq ........ .. A CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS AND NEW EDITIONS PRIJlTBD poa ME88R8. LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, LONDON. CLASSIPIED INDEX. BOTANY AND CARDENINC. Aberernab.,t. f'nctIeal 0........ ,. ud ."In t , Garde .. ', -. -. : : Con.en.Uo Dotall,. PI.; 10 Appl. 11 (1, ........... (001.) 'I'roe.Lll\er It Ile.llow', BotuT 1. 110'" o. Oolll .. &lOA 0' .... 0 .. ,. VI oa Open \V.'Ia.. , ., ... 14 lloo .. r'.IIr\ ... 14 f: Und'.,,, .1 Horde....... 18 ,. O.'.eiot Ort: ......... Slt .. 0........ . . ' . I' u I ntrodudlo .... Betu,. 1. Flor. Mtdlc:. -. .1 : .:: . CLASSU'IED INDF.lI p .... IAiadea'. lIon.1 Upo a JAndlaolt, - .. Kac1c1opaedlaor'J'reu.&I:Uuab, 18 .. "GudouIDl UI Lln.u.,'. aub .... .::Oard ... .. C_: 18, . " '0' Yoau; Gar: 18 d.ll.n, etc. . .. . 18 8.,1 '" t.Dtd.c.,. Oard S ... ud .... 4 .. 0,34'- : ; r. .. : : .. 11 tj",ltb' .lntrodactiou to Bo .... ' .. 18 " B, ... U.b "Ion .. 11 ., Co.,..di 0' KD" .... Flora .. CHRONOLOQY. 8lal"'a CIa,o.olo,cal Tablcl 1.&44 : n lthldl.' , Red ..... nu! 0.,0 .. 0'''11. 10 Tat.'. Hora.lu Rettltunll .. .. .. tv COMMERCE AND MERCANTILE , AFFAIRS_ Gilb ... On BaDklutr - - - - 11 Lorlm.,', Letter. to Your Muter Mariil.r .. .. .. .. ... - 18 M'Cullocb'. D1etlnury 01 Co_are. ud : : ::: 'l1lomloh'. Tablo. olloterclt. .. ao CEOORAPHY AND ATLASES. au.tlu', Sketcb 01 Alle'ewe .ud .. o .... ru " . .. .. ... w'o',ld : : De Stneleekl', Ne .. Soatb W.le. .. 10 Ponter', Ulltorie.' Geo ..... pby 01 Anbla 11 H.U'. Ne. GOllem Atl.. .. ... .. J3 M'Culloc:b', UeOlnpblcai OIc:tlODU, .. to .. , _ HISTORY AND CRITICISM. Adalr'. (Sir R.). Memolr 01 111101& to Vle.D'" " . . . .. . ,. N '!' Pe .. ate I Ad4hoD"' 81ato,,. 01 tbl KalrbtaT.mpl.... i . alu', HlIlGr, 01 Ru .. l... .... ' .. 81a1r' , CbI'OD . .... d Hbtorical Tabla, .. " 1 Bloomteld'.Tru,l,tlOD oITbue,dldel" .. Bdl'hua oJ Tbaerdl4e. .. .. 1 :m'ry 01 Multi ; ... j".laDd 1. : -:.: ',;. I, n.1I1m ..... "' Kaln ... Rnol.lIoa -.. T. ' ., Dwabam', Hl.&ory 01 KluD .. 4 POI1.pl . 10 i . n' H:';:33. 10 :.. tI HI.tor'o'ft:.Ge ..... &.pI,. 10 '_ I ... . , 8-:".D.: 10 I' .. 4 _ .. - 10 ... -8'-';. 0; A .. erlca. .. . - ,.' . .. .. U Orant lIeaolr .. cI Conr.acll.CI I1 : Hal.ted'l LlI.ofRlcbu4,III. .. '1 13 11 HOrillt' Dlbllcal Cndel... .. . 1. 11 MISCELLANEOUS o. 1'1:110111 Prbo 8Iaek.Treatlaeo. 8re.laa: 'r . 1 ,
TU NESSIIS. LUHOMAN AND Co\To\WOUE NOVELS ANO WORKS OF I'ICTION. 8r.,'. ("n.) NDut. .. .. 7 Co ... duf..', 8kttehu wo .. .. .. .. n lo, (ne) 10 U.III",'. l1I.to.., ., ,l<tI.o .. ro ... : -: n MI.llon I ort 8cuea In Mtlea WIllI,', (N. P.' D"h .. ,I W, - a ONE VOLUME ENCYCLOP.EDIAS AND DICTIONARIE5. 61"11,,,". Kncreloprdla olltu"". 8po;tt .. Ura .. d'. Ulellun",., or Selonel, Ulllr. . ture, a"re Art. .. .. .. .. .. e 0:\,'&1111'" or Mt.'!dldnt.. .. a : :: Lolldou t , Kncrrlnp.dl. or treu 'A " KUq'clup.dla ofO.,dotl'n. .. J9 ;: ... Dual Arc"".a,. Jt
.'======================================!- 4 Cl &SSIYI ED IN DEl[. RURAL SPORTS. - . - . _ 8 - . - I - 10 - . - 13 - 16 - 17 - I, - 17 - 18 - 8 - ,. - - : _ BI VETERINARY MEOICINE .,hlld'. VttCl,hu",. Ilttl'otil. ... n lIlJrl,,..'. V.llft"." 'l"uAhlt,h lul eh,t ::a MU;: 0 .. t\i \\0"1" ... : : = 1'IIn:haU'. IIlppopatholGfT ... .. ... S4 .. .1\ .. 14'1l1li1 GI l'bll Hon. .. ... 2.- :: Tun Oll Lilie 'oot 01 ,', HCllrU ... ... I I Wlalll" 00 l"e U.u.. ... ... ... ... U NEW WORKS AND NEW EDITIONS. ABEIlCIlOllfDIE.-ABERCROMBIE'S PRACTICAL CARDENER, AND , IMPaoVBD SYSTEM 0' MOUERN UOI\TIOUUrURK, .. ph.h ...... ., ...... 1t!I. 4th ... ..... ., TreatIa. OD V ..... hl.l'hplololf ..... PI ..... , W.II .... .. ,. ABERCROMBIE AND MAIN.-THE PRACTICAL CARDENER'S COM- PANION, Or, Honlenltual eldeHU' to .... 'r .. I. _ded. lila Uude .... S. .. ucl ...... , ......... 1W ..... '_.MS U.Ah ......... bl ..,J.II ......... IWIII ... _ .... IW ....... . ACTON (MISS).-MODERN COOKERV In aU't. Branche., redared. to .. 81.tea GI Buy "'.cllce. ",-., " 1. of Pl .... te Pa.lUe I Serto 1 PneU ' or wbleh ...... been I'lid'rlelted._ .r ..... e .. ".tb ... BIIU .... ADAIR kSIR' ROBERTl;NAN HISTORICAL MEMOIR OF A, MISSION
_.UII.do... ' ADAIR. (SIR ROBERT) -THE NECOTIATIONS FOR THE PEACE OF TIIB DARDANItLLU;"':D 1808-1 ..t D='c ..... d 0tII.1.1 _.n ... ... Be ... S llC! U.elleaolr 01 .IUD ADDlBON.-THE KNICHTS TEMPLARS. r Te.ple. Id. IWldon luta.. S,un cr ... 1'Y0. wltla ADDl80N.-THE TEMPLE CHURCH IN'LONDON I' 01 Alto. , A 'UJ.I. /lND OIlMrloltTB OUiDlI. 11181"I\IOAI. /lNn DII80RU''1'IVIt, 1'0 TUB TIINPLB OIiURIlII, Irr.. 11 AddIHD'. "111 ... ., 0' ab T .... I. Oh ... h.") 8 ..... IN bo. b we ADBHEAD AND PRISONERS. U, ' ... ph Ad ad. ... ..t.h 111 ..... 11 7 U. doIh. '. OONTBNT8. I. Tb. , ........ 0' 2'A. 2'1, ... on .. rI ..... DI lpl ... . t. Flcllo 01 Dlelteu UD BoUM Co.lne.nt .. PrI .. D Baonnl, ... -Olt, of LoiIdon .... lI"d"_ PrIooDl. 4. Moold 'rI_-8 ....... II' ..... . Coatlaeat.t PNoi Re ..... etc. etr. etc. AIKIN.-THE LIFE OF JOSEPH ADDISON. .. Lu1 lIait;.A .. GrMe IIIoU,. 1 .. 'I,I. d 8"'.. D,I.II. All .. , ........ r 0' ... A.h.l .. Are ... lo .... 1 .nd GI Ibo '!'S1,,1ooil _'."0' OaJro. .. BoIIlIo.. I ....... 4 .... ..t ...... uiI. 0' UtIIOpaf ..... Draw ...... 10 w .... 11:_.1 .... If .... da .. . AMV HERBERT. .. .. ..... 11. B.D. 0' _ ... 0011., oat..... .. BAILBY.-ESSAVI ON THE PURIUIT OF TRUTH Aa. oa .... P'orre:" 0' Xa ...... r.. BIS ..... 1 Bal.ey/ '.0' 01 on , ,onu&I =!':t= ... Berk.t.,'. "' eo l1 o VI.IoD." N. IWI' .... rnIH. DAKKWRLL.-AN INTRODUCTION TO QEOLOQV. 1.'cndM 10 eon'Y'" Pradleal KR.wledre.' ' ... lIelehe . c prll'."" .... , IMport.nl rel!enlIMlco.-erl"cl!ltlt Jbrlan.tlolll 0' l". Facll aDd ..... eDo .. e ... wh'eh .. neto eo .. l,. or . 1''','' &dltto. t eOR.I ....... l, :.:=============================-=====================-============,1 6 !lew WURIC.5 .110 IIKW EDITIONS 'DALMAiN.-LESSONS ON CHEMISTRV, ' I - 01-.1 ... , Obemlcol T ...... d Ob.oIS,.."Io, Oll ... loda. B, "'1_ 11. _. Wllk .... _ W"""nt lllulla"'. ohb. 0_,0.1110 , 'oobi , .. 0 .... c1olb. BAYLDON.-THE'ART OF'VALUINC RENTS AND TILLACES, - .. .. t_1a I T;d,;1Dtr .0_, HaUo_, _ of .. TI,; Pl_ .... "0 .... , _ 10. ". cIoIk. _ .. ', _ , ' ' -BEALE (ANNBI.;";'THE'VALE OFTHE TOWEY' : - 0.. 8lutlcblll. liootb W..... B, A BooJo. ....t .... lLa. N. ololk 2'iI ."'" "111 B ,,', " u, ,,,., 1111 h "n.,. ... ,,,,,,, ... ,I. r .'.L"-8pec'aIor. . ,,;:.: ./ WIld .. _n" "rf.I'" ."1 ,,.,..,. _no .. Tl ... ' u' " ..... ,,,.,,,, .. " .. ,"" .. li, ... 1 ...... ...... 61' oJ 111111111/ .. "."
DBDFORD CORRRSPokDBNCB.- CORRESPONDENCE OF JOHN )'OURTH DUKB 0)' BBD)'URD h Ioclod from Ibo Orlolual , w ..... A'b.,. , lolrodulloao ., LonIloho Raou 800.001.1 (1741-48\,111. clolk, 00\.1 (17480lIl).111. cl. ; ,.1.111. I. Cf!_,I", 11, .orl," .Hr/, r. .. ",_ 'DELL.-LlVES OF THE MOST EMINENT ENCLISH POETS. , B, BOH" BoU, B.q. 1001 10010 ... 800. wllh Vlpo". TlUo u.. cloth. 'BBLL.-THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA - - 'rolD Ih. Borllo .. P.riod .. Ih '-'.11, of Tli.lt. B, BobIlI Boll. I.,. .. 10. '001 s.o. , wlth VI ... " .. nll 1111 Iolh,_ ,DLACK.-A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON BREWINC. . .: "1&04, .ltb co",'d ... b., Addldou. 'nt, Addilloa. NYlHd. b, ProICIIDl' O,.h ... 01 'h ...... de. VIII,n.,. IIYo.lo.. N. clolh. a, , ... A"lhor, ..
"Trati OD Brewl ... ." s.o. Ie. 1If ..... d. . BLAINB.-AN ENCYCLOPJEDIA OF RURAL SPORTS 0" comp)ete Hlttorlca1 t PnetleM,a.d De.crlptl .. , 01 Huad." ....... r. Bacl ... , Uul other Plila Sport, MG A,laI,tla " .. \al ....... 01 'lae ","at d., . B, De1abe ... P. Bblue, 'hM OPf o.tnao. GI 'Ia. VeurlDUJ Art," n Caul etc. etc. nr::' . ':.::: b, B. lroa Dnwlap b, AlIi_. T ........ BLAIR'S CHRONOLOCICAL AND HISTORICAL TABLES, FNm lhe CrndolilO tbo pr.H,,1 TI will. Atl:dltloal aad Cotrectloal lrolD lil 00t 'bll.- da Wrllenl lDchullul tbe COIDpat.,iou 0' 8L P ...... cOII.ceUol th., Period In .. tla. . Prladpa' Llbrulaa 01 DLOOMFIELD.-THE HISTORY OFTHE PELOPONNESIAN WAR. Tbue,dld'" Tru. __ ted lato a.'I1 .... and ACcolD" lad _Ith cOIIo Re.. . T. BLOOMFIELD.-THE HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR. B, TbuCT_dlde.. A Ne", Reeea..loa 01 tbe Tat. wltb. eu.IaU, .... I.dad PaDetutlGa I ... :r.lo .. Note., CrlUcal, .... Uol0tl:c .... a.d Ba,lUaatorr ..... Oll on,. .... b.t
.. .,. aod PI ... I .... tl, take. Ir ... aetual8un.,. B, d'l Rn. 8. T. BloolDl.' D.D.I'.8.A. , .. 10 ... 0 ..... Im. DLOOMrlKlJ).-THE CREEK TESTAMENT 1 , .. BLOOMFIELD. - THE CREEK TESTAMENT FOR COLLECES AND
.. "rea&aIDIllt J ... , ..... U. aB lude 1 On,1I Wontl ... Phr .... a,.:J.ed I. Iko Nota. 1"'0.10.. N. Clilb.' PIUNTED FUR MESSIIS. LIUIOMAJI, AND CO. 7 BLOOMFIELD.-CREEK AND ENCLlSH LEXICON TO THE NEW
DI'. BI ... I.ltl. tel EdiUon, .D.ar,e., pro ...... limo. o. wider ,aper, .\:. 111. clotll . BOY'S' OWN BOOK ITHEI: .
1tANIlR.-A DICTIONARY OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND ARTI COIII,rl., 'b. tliltorr, be,crlptloubaild Bdelltlle Pdnr.I,lel 01 ... err Drabeb 0' 11 .... 11 ,.. KnUWledrCJ wAth llte 11ttrl .... tlon .. d elnltlon 01 .11 tbe 'ler ... In lenenl Kellted bl !l' 4 ort ...... br 0 11 (BRAY MR8.)-MRS. BRAY'S NOVELS AND ROMANeES . Red .... a.d torneled Mn. Bra,_ la 10"11. 'ca, 8ro, walforml1 wltt. the .. Sa.dud . Mnell." wldl Froatll,lHu and VIfnett .. lrom De.I .... aad 81letelaee the late Tbomu StothlU'd, R.A.) C. A. Stothud. HeDrr Wurea.Kaq.I.te.lI. clDtbl 0"'''' Worke .. ,uatel, ... ..e", u followll- . J." Tl, ",,,. R ...... flA ,.H'r." I 'oN,"-Vol V ... TA, TMI.t;,-vol. VI .. Vol.1I. liD. 111 ... '.J" VoI.IX . , Pi ..... '1' .. -Vo"x. ,...., .. , .. " - Volt IV. "P',. oJ ,fI.., .. C.fW' .... -.J W.lrdll ' BRAY.-THE PHILOSOPHY OF NECESSITY; . u applleabl. to II'Dtal,lIoNI. ud 8cleac.. Br Charl BREW8TER.-A TREATISE ON OPTICS. BI81r DIlmiBrew.ter, LL.D. F .&.8 tc. N .. BIII'I... Pool.ca, " ..... ,It. "lp.tU &lde, .. d 171 WoMClI.ta .... clot.... . .. .. BUDJlB (J.)-THE PRACTICAL MINER'S CUIDE: ':Itt ll ,:: :Rum .. 1 Ibifl Lode., SI'd'I, !AnlUa't laHceHlbl. DiltauC", H , .... ,-'tC. 81 I. Bad... New Edltio., eo .. 1dea:-I' ........ , Bro. wit. PortraI' 01 tll, A.tllor. DI. clotli. ... BUJ.L.-THE MATERNAL MANACEMENT OF CHILDREN, In IIKAI.TII oIIII8KAKIC. 01 Tho .... Oall, 11.11. A ..... h ' '0 ..... ,. b ... , . IIldwll .,.ln.t1lotlo., .10. 841141110', ... 1 ..... 40.lupd. ' .. 1 .... "0. 7 . cIoIIo. BULL.-HINTS TO MOTHERS, , 'or tll. " -re .. ,.t 01 Healill. dulal 111.. P,rled 01 In lh. 1 .. 7Ial.la ROD'" " .. I ... _Ir lupd. 1'001 ........ 7 10110. . BUN8BN .-AN INOUIRY INTO THE HISTORYbARTS AND SCIENCES, . LANOUAGK, \VRI'J'\NO, MYTHOLlKlY. u4 CHRON WGY or ANClBNT BOYI'T,
Inten.e ... , b, C. H. Cottrell, ".1 "llIladditloul uer, I.nl.h.d .., th. Author. S"ol ... 8'0. D ......... Plat... [/8 "6,t.,,: BURN8.-THE PRINCIPLES OF CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY' . Co.'ot.IOIl I" lI .. bI .... 0.'111, A4 ... III .... 004 C ... oIaIlo 01 C .t.1lu 11,10 OrJ ... O ....... ,II.O .... R.I. I&UNhl ........ 7............ ,. BURN8.-CHRISTIAN FRACMENTS; Or 1ls BeIllUkl Oll all, Hat .... , Pnc:tJtl t Co.lort 1 RelIC' 81.'0111. B ....... M.D. ,,' Olu(O- at 01 'n. hl.d .... 1 BUTLSR.-A SKETCH OF MODERN AND ANCIENT CEOCRAPHY. . :l .. .. :''r. .. . rl7 H." n. ,.P .... , ,,,," .. I H/a". r,,,' ., , ... '''.r' , " .a.' ."n."", ..... " ... ", ,.r..., ...... " .... .",,, ,, "r Ia, , .. ,/., ...... r,."H." .'" . r.. 11 .... ' ,. , I.n .... ,,,.,,, ..... 1'." ..... r" " 11 er H._" ,. ,.,.t,. flI " _",,, , .. "" ... I .... I.,A I. 'I, ,.' 4 4,,. ,.rl. BU1'LIUt.-AN ATLAS OF MODERN CEOCRAPHY. en .... tln. 0' Tw,.t,-tIlN' col ,.. N.r'j lro. " NItW Ret 01 Plate. , ,..Ith. hul.z .1 . t.::: ..... i! .. 11, I Ilte br. Datl.r, 8 JlEW WORItS AJlD NEW IDITIOJlS DUTLBR.-AN ATLAS OF ANCIINT CIOCRAPHV. Collllitl 01 Tweu&,.Uln. colollred .... pli wSt. Ul Ia.d ... 01 1111 , N .... of PI .... , Latlttul.. I Lon::tud... a, Jote D a ler. BIoup 01 U ..... W. Nn Il 'tlo., eornchd. 81'0.121. b 'bou.... . I DUTLRR.-A CENiRAL ATLAS OF MODERN AND ANCIENT CEOCRAPHY. C II.ID,oI ..... ,. ... ooIo ... d ud I ........ Iv".aL to ... La ....... ... Iot. Dr.B.t1... u,.1 Uchl.ld. New lId ....... "' ... 41 CALLCOTT.-A SCRIPTURE HERBA!:,: Wllh .......... flIIIW ... ...,...I., B,Lad,C.u.ott. a u ........ o JI ..... Jotk. CATLOW.-POPULAR CONCHOLOCY; ... 8h.U., a .... eo .. pl,'. Oe.trlp., .. l .. " 0' ,,, ...... h ".d GI.'''. 8, AI." Cdlew. , .............. It. 11I ''' ... e .... 10 U CIIUENOR.-WALTER CRAV, . .. .. ,Ia. Po.tlcal1l ....... 0' ".r, O ...... or. I .... &10_, CHUENOR.-POETICAL REMAINS OF MARY CHALENOR. Fcp. ho ..... cl.t". CLAVERS.-FOREST LIFE ,Marrelnen. a. Aetaa' Settlll': aatbor 0' "AN HOIa., W'lao'llFollow'" 1"01,. fe.p .wo. 121. cloth. . COLLECIAN'S CUIDE (THE1; . .. COLTON.-LACON; OR, MANY THINCS IN FEW WORDS. 8' .... a ..... c.c. Co1to NewaliltloD.ayo.ll . ,lotll. CONSCIENCK(DENDRIK1.-SKETCHES FROM FLEMISH UFE. la Tbr T..... Traaaala&ed (l'0III tla. ne.I ... 01 H drlk COuc:I.DCII. .....,. Iro. "'tla . J. Ba..,..,.,. OD Wood.trom. ... 1 .... b, FI.mI.1a a"leta, 11. clotlt.. :! ..... "rr.' ..... '!.. TI.J .. r,.,." Wl.,.tt..."' 4"" ... '"4' ........ . ,.. 1'" H' eJ lu .... , , 4 , ''"'''' , ... " .. , I ...... .. :J,r ru4 4 ,,...,,. iZ: ,.-= . 11" -, CONVERSATIONS ON BOTANY. I.pr .... : '001 ., Ir .... n Pi ..... 7"U I "'th tke PIII co""". CONVERSATIONS ON MINERALOCY. M ..... Mro.IAwr1._ OrilinolDro"'nr" IdlldltJoo ... lure PRINTED POR LONOMAN, AHD co. 9 COOPBR mEV. B.)...pRACTICAL AND FAMILIAR SERMONS, Dnlped Ior P ..... bLoJ .. 4 Do ..... I. , "".tIoa. 'tr..bo 1I ... Reet .. GI ... =.". ud .... 'elloW AIl1IHlo d. "."''''7 ....... A. . COI'LAND.-A DICTIONARY OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE;
ure, wltll ................. Fo ..... l. 0' 'bi ..... iOt ..... Hoau ..... ed. B,' .... Ceplaa.d, IiI.D.,otc..to. I ....... Vol l .. 41._ , 10.bl ... P ... W,41 4 ..... 04. COI:ITBLLO CMis8,.-THE ROSE CARDEN'OF PERSlA. A HerI .. GI Tru .... I ... _ Ibo Pon1oo _ 8, ...... 1 .. 81_ C .. tollo, ... bor of i' ..... ur 'hl &ulJ PO.I.., 01 Fn.e ..... tc. w., .. Jt 111 ...... '" .. OoId ... C.I ................. orll ............. Ja .- "I. I lI., Ib .,A IA" ,... ...... "04 d lAoI " .... ,11.1 I. IA. ,.""" t. ",, .. fI. "''111 .. ,11 , .. n.., I ..... t, ......... 1 .. ,,,,,, :{;')' tr:::::: .::,!r,:t",T .. .rf/". A I ., .... "Ju'" .. W .. I" I. 110 4 ..... II 0/IA.,' ....... " COSTBLLO -FALLS, LAKES, AND MOUNTAINS 0' NORTH
....... CROCKBR'S ELEMENTS OF LAND SURVEYINC.
1.cIOARITdaI8 to" ...... iI .... 4 ' m.brt! 'orl., . , ... N 1cal AI ..... "' .... 1 .. ". "'8t .... ''".1 ... e1ot.... .. I.... 8, B. B. Crew., B., .. hol 100 ..... _. wttb VlI."to nu l8t Iotb. DAIILMANN.-HISTORY OF THE ENCLlSH REVOLUTION. 0' 011&&1..... Tr . ,.' DALE (TUB RBV. DOMESTIC LlTURCV AND . I'AIiIIJ;Y CHAPLAIN. Ja Two P ...... h ...... Port bel., Cbarcb lIeni MI .. te. Ior DoaeltlC UHirawlth lor ... ... t". w.. lelldell acl ...... I' Ire. tI.e Book ... ':, BrId .... Lo.408. Po 4to. __ , pd...... [N .. ,!, ... 4" DANTB, TRANSLATBD BY WRIOIIT.-DANTE. I71':!"t\.:.r..= '." 1'''.1 ... ,., .. IA. I"' .... ' ,..1. 11. IA. """, ,., ".1. 111. ,A. r. .. _ . DAVY (SIR UUMPURY).-ELEMENTS 0' ACRICUL TURAL CHEMISTRY I. c ...... 01 Loe ,... 8, IIIr Rn.pu, D .,. W .. " Noto. b, Dr. I D ., .. " MI.Io.. "0. wt.b lO PI ..... l .... DB BURTIN .-A TREATISE ON THE KNOWLEDCE NECESSARY TO AMATliUR80l' PICTURK8. Tru.I ....... d ...... I ..... 11. he b 0' M ...... 1. t et ... OB CUR'rINIIJ.-RUSSIA. Oe r. u.... Trull rra rn b. .. 1d1l10ll. .011. ,.., .... 10 NEW WORItS AND NEW EDITIONS . ... PRUITED'POR IIESSRS. LONOIlANi -'ND CO. 11 BLLIOT80N.-HUMAN PHVSIOLOCV: WI'" .aclt ofthe 01 ,lIe "t 'I,.'lu Ph,.tolot-" .. .D. THE ENCLISHMAN'S CREEK CONCORDANCE OF THE, NEW TESTA- MBNT I HI., .. aU p' .t Verb" Co.aal. hehrHa Or .. ' and 'll. Bn,Il ... Tesla I .' .c:::.;tt."\:",!.tt.':;: . cloth. .. THI. ENQLISHMAN'I HEIREW AND CHALDEE CONCORDANCE OF t\:& !;rt ....... oie. 010. l.ol'.l'0701 s.o.,'" 111. W. elol. I Ja ... , .. ot. 41. 14'. W. PAREY.-A TREATISE ON THE STEAM-ENCINE, ::-.:!:':!'J.=..":!: 410. Olul .. 114 '1 HISTORV'OF THE UNITED STATES OF'AMERICA, :::'7.:1:-':::. -".,, B1 tu. PIBLD. - POITHUMOUS' EXTRACTS FROM THE VETERINARV t!: .. IUI .... ," bll IIntt .... W1U .... Veto:- PITZnOY (LADY). - ICRIPTURAL CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN OHAllt.B8 AND HIS NOTaEE. Br Lodr 0 ... 10 f1tal'07' ._., s.o. 41. W. elotb. FORSTBR.-ITATESMEN OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF ENCLAND. ' .. WI .... I.tnd.do.,.Tre ...... .. lnJtn .... bHI.toI'f. B,Jolt.'orlter, B_pdeo, C ... _O, IOd Oll nelatrodeetory Tnldlle, latendea ...... &;;a.clloa to all. 8''', of tIt.. Greal Cl"U Wal' ,. '11. 8nlnt UII P!lee 11. N ... ".d. ft. ___ 1,,01 10I'11III Mr ... ontel'" Portion 01 'he Uni 0' Bml t BritI Btat ....... ;,!& Sir :'O:ioT .... P ud JobD :Fon, .... Klq. 7 1'.Ia. ca, PORSTBR (MV.O.l-THE HISTORICAL CEOCRAPHV OF ARAIIA' Or. Ih. Pa&1 .. baI K.I ...... 01 ne_ 11.11,10.. A al.moI'b"ltb 1II.llndl "'" ... A .. .= ...... _laIol .. Tnu\atlou. wltb .. AlChI"'" ... I......, 01 the lI.m, .. III.
"II_aurtaal UanUed." t 9011. Iro .... dolh: FORSTER (MV. O.l-THE LlFE OF JOHN JEBI. D.D. F.R.S. LateB ...... oIU rI.ir. W1tha8electloa_ bl. Lett .... D,tb.nn.O"'I .. l'onter.D.D., KlO'" 01 Iklllo4, -lai .... _ oftb. 8'" rr-.... I. tb. o.thodralol Cbrl ... C .... ,h .,. foraer\1 Do_uc 0... 10 tbo BI",",. Id .. _. _ "'t. PortraIt, .Ie. 1111. elotti.
..... ho".I""" s.o. ",.b Vlpotte 'I1t1e.,IIt. eIoUI. ' . CERTRUDE. . . a .. J= .... e. ".D . 0/ OlLIIAllT(J. W.)-THI HIITORV AND PRINCIPLU OF IANKINQ. WIllI . Ollhort. 1I ... roI ... _er 01 "0 Loadoe ... d, W .... I ..... B .... 'I'ItbiI EdIt.... Iro .... 1ooUtI GLBIG.-LlVES OF THE MOST EMINENT BRITISHMI&.ITARV COM- MANDERS. B1 Sh R ... o. n. 01.1,. .011. 100 ..... s.o. "lIh VI .. _ '1111 ... 181. elotb. OLRNDlNNING - PRACTICAL HINTS ON THE CULTURE OF THE PINIlAPPLII. B1 R.OI dl.oIo,. 0 ....... 10 tbo Ho Loed E.o., _. lIao. wltlo PIaa 01 P\ee1J ..... GOLD8MITH-THE POITICAL WORKI OF OLIVER COLDSMITH. 1II.lt .. 104 _, Wood K ..... I.p. 1..- tu 0011 .... 810. W. Cope. A.R.o"\" ... Cretwlek .. A.R.A., I. C. nor.le" R.'led.n , A..R.A an. "reder":' Tariert Me.ben.' 11 ..... 81 CI.b. Witlo 0 DI ....... lcaI M .... I' .... Not on Ibo P ..... BoIlt .. ', .'':;'i:,S:-'' uU .... '&b .................... " 11 .. clot U H.-b" Ce"" I'. 11. , .. I, ,ri.,d .. ,."., ef PR' ,,..,,. .tl .PIlIN1'ED FOIl IIEKSIlS. LONOMAN, AND cu. 13 GWILT.-AN ENCVCLOPJEDIA OF ARCHITECTURE' 111 ........ 1. "neorelleol\ ......... UeoI. B,IOII,Io OwUt ....... ,.1 A. IU t ... lad .. tIo .,wud. of 10lI0 ........... Waod. _ DuI,.. br I. 8. OwUt. Il00.11. 111 ..... c1ot'. IIALL-NEW CENERAL LARCE LIBRARV ATLAS OF FIFTV-THREE MAPS, OD ColontW.r I .. ab tlt. 01 ..... ud "lMIulea euer.q, __colo...... C .... Olrart" tlnl,l ... Now 0 ..... 8'::.. ..... I"!"'I 10,8":'.1 HoIl. No.
. .. O ... _, .... ,. llAL8TED-LIFE AND TIMES OF RICHARD THE THIRD, .. 0.". of OI ..... I.r .. d 01 .... I. "hlch 0I111a. c""" ......... t hla ........ 0' .. ;!: lroa .. Orlll.oI 1'1.1 ... I .... _001 .. 01 tIM Blp' H ...... I ..... lltalford ...... .......... d.ead ..... IU_,Io II. 101. cloth. . HAND-BOOK OF TASTE (THEI, . Plebare., a.d ltat.... B, , ..... I1ANNAM.-THE ECONOMV OF WASTE MANURESI
"'1100. ...... .... [1. ,A. , ..... llANSAIID.-TROUT AND SALMON FISHINC IN WALES. B'O.A.II ....... II ........... I.IIo. HICHLANDS OF JETHIOPIAI BeI.1 'b A_.' 01 J!II"t ... 1I .. lu B ........ 01 BrlII.Io _, ,. tlo. ChrllIl ... .. t .... AlrI ..... I1AWBS (BARBlRAt.;TALES OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS; the .1,. r-1I.ple ...... c1.t.. . UAWKBR.-INS-ftUCTIONS TO VOUNC SPORTSMEN I. oll tu,"I., .. ,. O ..... d 8 ......... BJ. Llnt. CO!. P. IIow.... " dlll::. ._OIod. ... .. ... 01lll. hr Ad.... --. UAYDON (D. n.)-LECTURES ON PAINTINC AND DESICN __ 11.II_d th. Lnd .. I tI'.lIn';L.tb Bor.! 1 II'otlo., AI ........ 1I1"':r..::.t DIe..... .. 0 n. _" ,.., ,. "_'. , ,aA, ... , ..... HBN8LOW.-THE PRINCIPLES OF DESCRIPTIVE AND PHVSlOLO- alCAL BOTIlNY. B,I. 8. H ......... ".A. ".L.II . Ie. F ............. I'. v .... ". T1tlo. ud ._1,70 W ..... II. ".clot". HBRBCHBL.-A TREATISE ON ASTRONOMV. B,81.1_.II ..... ol. N ... lldlllo F ........ _ VIp.".T1I1 ..... cl .... . I1BR8CJlBL.-A PRELIMINARV DISCOURSE ON THE STUDV OF NATURAl. IIIIWSOPlIY. Br 81. '010. H.nchl. Nn IWIII... FooIe.., .... wltlo VIpotlo T1110 .... clotlo. HINTS ON ETIQUETTE AND THE USACES OF SOCIETV: Wlt" Olaac. at Ba. 11_111. 81 .. ..... ell 111 ...... " letldWltl., ... 1 ... , .. , ... dill ... ) .r ...... rof_.. r ......... 0.11 ..... oloth.1I1I ,'''".
VIeIII.1 C .... -CordI-Tottll .. -of UO "'locIot,. "TORICAL PlCTUREI OF THE MIODLE ACES, 1.11 ....... IVhl... ., ... nn I ....... r ..... R_ ... tIo. A ........ r 'wll........ 11,. W .... rI ArtIOl. 1 ...... I ",.. [1. ,.. ,,, . Caaat.nt -TIt. N W , IU War nI Two A.bote, tIoo P_ oIl1o.GreII8t.Jlcraerdt _ .... Q .... 01 Tra ......... 0 ....... '. 14 IUW WO&U AIID NEW 'EDITIONS HOARB.-A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF A NEW METHOD 'OF .. OARB-A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE . OIlA.I VIII I ON OI'IN WALLII . .,.01 .... '8_. 1oI1.lt ........ 7 . .., . I.&II. OBBBB-THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS HOBBES, Of ., ...... b1ll7 .... Int oolJoeted .... _ b, Ilr WIIU .. 1101 .. _. lIu1. 18-. ..... 81 ...... b. 0." BOll_'''', "0 ""'101 ". ..... 1. U,,".II.IOo., 110 LIoII. ". ..... 1 NIl. tI. _ HOLLAND.-A TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURES IN METAL. B",. ..... r.o"' ... ,. . w1110 Vlpo". TltIo . ud uoutlllll Wo.d .. ". OLLAND.-MEDICAL NOTES AND REFLECTIONS. 11, U.nrr, IlolI d.K.D. '.R.II ....... Uo r th RO{o! 0011 ... or .lo,.IeIoa"'.r.IeIa. aa" Pb,.lela.la O,d' r)' 0 01. Uo,a' BI ..... e .. ,......
-0. the BpWIlDle la.g ..... -On laU.D1t,.lDlozle.,loD, etco-On lIercarlallledlcID. -O. , lI.edle Treatment 01 Old AI'-O" Olet. ud blHrden ol.DIt tIoa-TJae CI 01 W.ada ... I. Hlatlo. ,. Dlae .... eta. HOOK (DR. W. P.)-THE. LASTDAVS OF OUR LORD'S MINISTRV; o!'A':'4: r et1-:.r .. a.::.: Bdll.... op"'." . 10110. HOOKER.-THE BRITISH FLORA.
Addltlo.1 ud Oorno"o.,. ud Ir. FIC" m .............. 01 ab, UlDbelUI.roa 1 .. 11, t ... .. aa 'b. er... Vol.l. SYo wI'la11 ,lat .. , 14 . ,.aI. J wlda Vol. 11. la Two ..... rl.ln. tlt. ernt .... l Id th. ho,l, ... pl.tI., Ilt. IIdt"'. ': Flora, aad 'onaI .. vol. V" Pu,. t d t; 0' Imltb', Ba ....... Flor., tII. bunl HOOKERAND TAYLOR.-MUSCOLOCIA BRITANNICA. CODtalal ... lJle MOI , Grea' Brltala aad '"laDd, ."te.atleaU, ............ . wllb. Pla' .. ,l1hll,",,, ... I tbe clluaeln 01 the Oe.er. ud 8peeleh B, 8lr W. J. Rook.r udT.Ta,lor,II.D. '.L.8 'a. Id &dltlo I ....... IY llI tI WDIII lo ........ HORNErrllB REV. T. H.)-AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CRITICAL STUDy' AND KIIOWLBDOB OP TRB HOLV SORIPTURII8 . ., tlo. R ... Tlto_ :::::: :.!:1f' B!t \t.:;:,.:;r :f ::: P .... A '1.IhIOD, rnlHd d cornea.. d. I Yoli. Sro .. wlth ..... aDd 'Pac-a1:L:. [No I,.o.,. HORNBJ'EHE REV. T. H.)-A COMPENDIOUS INTRODUCTION TO'THE
1I00r S.rl,lurc . " 7tb 1Cd1 ..... corro .... ... d .ul .... d. IS. wlt.II ... ud 0 .... E ..... tap .... b ...... HORSLEY CRITICISM ON THE FIRST FOUR-
81. A h. 8eeoad Bdltloa, coillalnhl' Tran._IoD. lil tbe Au.,II01't .n.r beloN ,_bU,W. ,.,Hr .11" coplo IHuel. I yoli. Ito. 1Of. TlIItBOOK 0' '8ALM8, 1nII.1at!'1 .. wI&II Noto., .. ,Ioutorr .. d .. ltI I. 41b Bdl,I.I. _ 120. cIO ... IlOWITT-THE RURAL LIFE OF ENCLAND.
1I0WITr.-VISITS TO REMARKABLE PLACES; Old lJo!'k, a tI.n.ld., ud S ..... m .. trelil. ur 81r\1ll:fj ..... mr.. I. Bllrll 1II"l\'iT.!,".d No.BdI"' ... lIodl ...... .. 1 ......... h,S.MI 8BCOND SBRIBS, ehl.IIII 110. Coulll .. or DURRAII ud NORTRUIIBBRLAND, w1&11' t'trollalo., tbe BORDER. Medl &'0. wl'll .A::' Woodn. ... ... Ihe .pol for ,W. Worlr, br eun. CUlDle I.RleItudIOD', ... Weid
PIUNTED POR' MF,8SIUI. LIINGMAN. AND CO. HOWITT.-THE RURAL AND DOMESTIC LlFE OF CERMANY: Wlth Chuacterlltle Sketeh 1 1\1 chief Clll ... nd 8e= Cellectetlla. Oeneral Tuu, !.'" HOWITT.-THE STUDENT-LIFE OF CERMANY. .. Pro. 'b. Unpllbll.h ... MII. 01 D ComeU.... Br WW .... BowI'&. 80 wllh 14 Wood E .... " .... ud 7 S ... 1 Plaoe.a.Il dooh. . . J10WITT.-COLONISATION AND CHRISTIANITV: !1':&r..u.U.ID .. llhelr CoIoDI .. , ., Ih. &arop ..... HOW11'T.-THE BOY'S COUNTRY BOOK: . ::: .. The Ban! ur. 01 S .. lead .... Ic. '" Bdlllo.. r .... a.a .... h "'Wood II.III 100.. . J10WITT CRlCHARD).-IMPRESSION8 OF AU8TRALIA FELIX, Dari:! Poar Yeut' Bel'daaeela tha' COiR., I wltb Wlle".1' refHellice to tbe ....... lke arid. Aulnllea P..... .... Br UUDSON.';"'THE PARENT'8 HAND-BOOKI . =::. ... Bdaeathm wltll. 91ew to uartlc.t.r ocnp.tlon.. \:,. J. C. Bid ... " .... , aatlaor of 'W PI". 1J1 .. 0II0 ro. Mohl., WlUo." r .... a.o .... dolh. . J1UDBON.-PLAIN DIRECTION8. FOR MAKINQ WILLe . .. !,';!::: I.".J Bltate in 'he eaae 0' t "t" two POftDI GI Wllla, ud .. ucb lI.elal h.fOl'lllatiOD .te. C. Hadl ... ,'ltlfl. 18th Edldoa, cOITec:ted, wStll Not 01 Cu JadlrlaU, alnce tlte ab ... Acl eame IDto opentloao Fcap. ho. 11. U. HUDSON.-THE EXECUTOR'8 QUIDE. . .rlr !-:t :! i:: *.* "k I or ,"'l_'. O ' . 'r' .. 7' .,.'.. HUMPUREY8.-THE ILLUMINATED BOOK8 OF THE MIDDLE ACE8. A 11111"'101 111 ... 1.01'" Book . I,.. Ih. IVlh 10 Ih. XVlllh C lul. B, H .. ., Noel
Imp.rlal ud Ro,." Ultr""" 01 Vfnna, MOICO", ParI., HIJlI", and Madrid I -from ,lIe V.tlean, Kaearlal, AlDbrOllaft, aad o,tl .... re.' Llbnrle. 01 U Contlnent I-ud 'rom the r1ch hblle Collorlate, M.d Pd ", Ubratli. 01 Gnl' Bdta.... I. ccnane.I ,.blte Ion, In Pub. PullI ... eaeh eODtalal .... ,..ree PI."., it.orlll-" .. acewate .. Lute UUNT.-RE8EARCHES ON LICHT: . A .... mla.llu of.1I the ftea .. eua C"OIIaeel ...... t" th. CIle"'ealud MolteaJarCh e. = .. 11 ..... ot Ku ... lc 0e01.,.. In. wllb pt.ta and Woo."t., 101. U. cloth. ILLUMINATED CALENDAR ITHE).-TlIB ILLUMINATBD CAI.JlNDAn ud HIIIIR blABY ror 1114111 r.r;'. or / .... ,.". r.... Ih. CoI ...... r 'ho .1 1188.
Till.. l.perloIlIto. 410.1 .. bl.dl ............ ,ro.lh 1 .... _ pi ....... r Ibe _. 1111 .. n,., " ... , 1 ... , ",._ h/er,." ,,'c ........ ",.",., ., ' Iw.' , ..... , Nil tI,,,,.", .r , .. , ..... " ,..1.' dl"i 'I., .." .... 'IH. ':.'! :::':':,::''';:::':,/i).;':'''' ... , H."".,' .. .r .. ;l.,a f. "." ..... " p' .. r, ,AI ... , rC'era', " ........ , rr i.,,, ., ."p ....... n' .", r" I. 'I, 4 ... r."" eJ .... 6."-8rt ....... . ': IAOKSON .-PICTORIAL FLORA J 0 Ilrlllo. PoIU, D.II ... I'" 1. 1,II1II Drewl ol.Ulh. tI, ..... 01 PI ... rI PI .. l.lnd ........ lo Or ' Br\tal. , m tratln, , ... tlHcripth. worb oa .111,11 ... Botl.., 0' li_er, ........ ,. S.llb. eIe. S, 111 .lack.... 81'0. 11 eiDI .... ".""'. ======================== ...... ,. II 16 JlEW WORltll AIID lfEW EDITIOJlS JAMBB.-A HISTORV OF THE LlFE OF EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE.
JAlIfBB.-LlVES OF THE MOST EMINENT FOREICN STATESMEN. J ............ 1:.1:. ...... 1'011.1 ........... "Ik Vllroo ll ol'II .. . JEDB (DIBHOPI.-PASTORAL NTRUCT10NS ON THE CHARACTER ANP PRINCIPUII 0' THI: CHURCH 10' I:NOLANP. 001 1" "". 101. 10 .... . P.ItlJOIIII .... BJJoh. J D.D. ,.R.8 ............ 01 u.a ..... A""'" ... APaoI- A Nn Edldoa. '_0" ....... 0101 DJ' .. .... A.' .....
_et ...... Oll. nccooloul 11.100. a; ..... 1' .............. ololll. JEnB lBlBIIOP) AND KNOX lALEXANDER).-THIRTV VEARS' COR- RI':SPoNDKNCB 'ot oJ J ". D.D.'.L8 BI , 01 LImorI.k.Ardlortl,A ....... , .... Al.under Kau, aI I.A. Kdlted "3.:11,1 RI,". Cltuht. PoIIter, B.D. Bic:tor Of IC:'::li:! . ... I"'''',-orIJ LORD JEPFREY.- CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EDINBURCH REVIEW. n,. Dowo ...... I.th.Co"oI8,,"oD"8cot1 .. d. " .. oll." . JOHNBON.-THE FARMER'S ENCVCLOPJEDIA. ADd DICTIONARY.I RURAL A"AIR8 .......... oIllkt ..... 1 DI._. I. Anl. ealt.nI Che.I.,,, I adapted ,. llal co ............... ,--auele."I. Bnden. 8.7 W. 'olutIOD, KM:, 1'.8.8. BarrII,.r-atLaw, Corn.poa41DI ..... .,. 01 Pe Socle\[ ., d 01.beIb!71 .. d RcmI.D.'anlSOcle.,dt. ...... , .........
I .. A .... oJlonll ... I ....... 11. 11Io loIIl. KANE.-ELEMENTI OF CHEMISTRV I I Dclatll ... ,Il 01' aeUG' Dllce.erl ud 1 .... Iclnci to ..... et aa.
KATER AND LARDNER.-A TREATISE ON MECHANICS. , rl FoolM&, "'0."" ':'P .. te TlUe, ... KEIOHTLEY.-OUTLINES OF HISTORV Pro ..... l:ull .. 1 r.rI , BJ TUaoo \I.... Nowldlllo _et ......... . w.nb1, '.,rond. Fool.c., Sto., ... clo J .r ... U.lI d. KEON (M. O.l-A HISTORV OF THE .JESUIT. SocW, aad 'oUtleel, froat. lile Dlr<. ollpatl lo.. ... &0 'lai ". .... ,.... ., IIU Oo.oId !{co 1IYo. ... l .. p .. " .. , .... KIRBY AND SPENCB.-AN INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOQV I Ort .1 .,.b. Na rat Hlltor, olln eta. ataprblal ICCOU' 01 ........ ... ... I.II.Heu. ol.Jaeh ...... orpllnae 'oodilS' ....... H.bltatloaa, 8oel ..... MOlla .. , Nol ... , U,.b .... ,Ioa. laltlBCI."'. .1 W. Irb" M.A. F.R.B 1.8. Rlctol' 01 ....... I LoB. ,. Kdl,lo lone ..... ud co.alhnltl, ........ . -.* I ' ... H./ '" "1.'M.cI'" I. Me ,,,tUdl" ...... "" rI. "'"C..I 11, ,1'r4 ./...,,1 ", ,,_ ". ."cA .",."M , .... ,,""- r. "" .1., IU ". .... , ... '" .. tIn, .1. r:t"., :::h'ic!i :::t.:;: " ," ... , eJ ,
PIU'N1'ED FOR .. ESSRII. LUNOUAJII. AND co. '17 LAING.-THE CHRONICLE OF THE KINCS OF NORWAV J'rom da_ 1tarI11.t Pert., , '11. HIIlGl')" or ,Ila North., .. s Xl lo ,L. alI4.1.0' tlle r."o!:.h Notno'aTraftUer,"etc. 1'10110 IYo. 18t. elMla. LAING.-A TOUR IN SWEDEN In 1838, ce .. prbl nbaenatlo ua Ihe Moral, Pollde ...... Bcouomlcal8&ateoltll.. 8.""" . Nodo.. B, S ..... I IAI.,. EIu!. ...... I,.. olotla, . LAING.-NOTES OF A TRAVELLER
LAING.-JOURNAL OF A RESIDENCE IN NORWAV . -rlne titel'" 1814. 1831, ud 18BI1 mlllle ., .... ,I to Inqaln 1.&0 , ......... ud P.lldeal Ibo Co.dldo. 011111 ...... 111811. B, _ .. I ...... ,. Ih,. MARQUIS DE).-THE SYSTEM OF THE WORLD. . LARDNER'S CABINET CVCLOPJEDIA; .. " U'.nturI,thl Bel c , Art., n. lIorl _,101. In 0 1I."dred .nd nlrl,.lbre. YaI ...... I". 111, . n. Wark epontel, ......... 01..... . LARDNER.-rA TREATISE ON ARITHMETIC. 01 Dr. Lud , LL.D. P.R.IS. I'oolle .. 8,o. _llll VI",.tte 11Ue, 11. clot". LARDNER.-A TREATISE ON CEOMETRV. . . c=: B,Dr.Ludn.r. Fool.caplYo Vip,UI nUI, d LARDNER.-A TREATISE ON HEAT. 8, br. Ludn", LL.D. Re. Pcap. &to. wlth VI,Hctt. Tltl el Woodn&ll, lI.clo"-. LARDNER.-A TREATISE ON HVDROSTATICS AND PNEUMATICS. 8, DJ' ........ r. Ne. Mdo.. FoolIeap s.o J'" Vl e"e '11l1e, ... elotll. .. LARDNER AND WALKER.-A MANUAL ON ELECTRICITV MAC- NBTl811, ond MBTEOROLOGY. B, U Lud"'" LJ..D. r.R.8 nd C. '.J. WoIk , lIocrellrF ollb BI.olrlo.IIIo.I.I,. I ,01 fooloeep 1'0., wlilo Ylp,11o 'll11e 121. dol". L. E. L.-THE POETICAL WORKS OF LETITIA ELIZABETH LANDON. N ... IIdldoa 01 100I 'Z ...... wllh 111 .. __ .., 11 ........ eI.,., . 10110 1 or_d W.r .... _.ly'- '. . n. IIIPROVI8ATRICK 100. Z. I 1'h.1KILDICN VIOLST 101. U. n. YKNBTIAN BI\ACICLST 100. U. n. TROUBADOUR 1110."'. LEB.-TAXIDERMY; .
....... 0li'l .r Cmu." e&c. ..11 &dlU08, I .. _11 .... eecenual 0' Villt I. WaltOD. "r. WaterlOll" .. etltod.r P .... e"'u' An.... Pap. ho. wlth \Von BII,r .. I.,., LEE.-'-ELEMENTS OF NATURAL HISTORV . Por '11. ".1 018eltool. end Younr renen. I e0-,e .... r 'b. Pdaclple. 01 CI .... lIcaUOIl,
C I", n etl. ."'0. "tlj U Woodc ... , 7 ..,. IKJ" .... LBFBVRtl (Sill APOLOCY FOR THE NERVES! :=:;. ::' t:!r .':f:" Coart 0I8t. Pdlnb."h. eta., tllor 01" t ... Llle 01 .. Tnnlllu, rh,lldlUl." '! ... al Oo-.Iort," .Ie. Pol, Bto .... elolll. . LBMPRUmE.-A CLASSICAL DlCTIONARY I .
, OODdltloo. Moril IDol BocIa1 Oh .... ' .. DI th. r _In libltua.tI, u. C ...... "e. Ilc. Jly H ......... 4 .... IilIWII ... p ..... "'th ..... IIi\IIH lOO.ckitII, -.10_. -111' ...... 110. MAUNDBR.-THE UNVERSAL CLASS-BOOK, A ... _ 0' BIldIOlf '- (orIIf\!Ia\ IDol ........ ) lor -..ry ""'10 t YII., _ .. Lluoo ...... 10 ...... I .. po .... ' In., 10 0 ...... 11 .. ....,.. BlDl!"P1a' te I ........ .. GD Ih. du o'th out. 0001 .... 10."1 ....... , or 11111.,.1.' .... 1 .............. _1- , I.C f'&clll. Reluee I "'0 a nrl'lf. 01 oeltrlpt ,. ud Narratl"l l"lecel, IDtln,., ... wltt. POtotlc" 01.=, g ... tIo .. lar X_ .. tlo ...... :c .. to .... da, .. Wuo.1. IDol ... ...... ................ GI 'Tb MICHELBT (.1).-PRIESTS, WOMEN AND FAMILIES. 8, J.lllch.llt. ....... .. 1001 Ir_ 'h """., (tltlrd 1110.) ... ,. Ib. A.' ............... 0 , O. 0 ....... BooUUer-bt-Ll";;:,r.::,d Prol o. ( ..... or Ib. U.I .............. lo tu . 0Ja1 0011 .... GI _oe. lId ... 800. Vt. clotli. MtGNET (M.)-ANTONO PEREZ AND PHILP II.OF &PAIN. lI. 1I ... bor .1 .u I ... ".,. 01 -'.b ..... Be ... 01 Ib. Ao ..... J.' w':al :; 10 .. d , .... ne.... ..d 01 Qal ' ... Claarc1a u.d Modem 8oclIlJ." .. CUUduh, .d dI. "'DClt. Rnoltlaa," lIe. Polt Iro. MILE8(W.)-THE HORIE'S FOOT, A.d lI.wtoK p 11 Sa .... IIJ Will .... MII ... X ..... ..,.. ..... I1 ............ 7'.c1o' .. . MILNBR (REVS . .1. AND I.)-THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHRIST. :t:. B".I_,h 11_. A.M. WIIh Md"l ...... Oornetlolll '" Ib. 1eIO ... U= .. t:.!: .......... 01 ' DI Q ...... OoUip. ea.. MONTGOMBRY'S (UMBS) POETICAL WORKS . .. r!'::';!. ....... o&lI.er Plate., 1Ot. clotlll bOand I. acnocco, 11.111 . MOORB'S POETICAL WORKS,
.... DU, .. l. VI .. 01 8tOtl'tOA Couap. the i.aId c. 01 I'. Poet. 'l .... C .... wlck, . lIeftlt .... 90. 11. elotla. 01' 411. boelU' I ... oroeco, lIi t Ha, ........ bj :'tl:. Editio. I. 10 .. I loollC.p 80 ltIt _'. IDol .. Pi ..... 11. 100. _1.,10, MOORE'S LALLA ROOKH. AN ORIENTAL ROMANeE. . .... 'la. "p .. , MOORE'S LALLA ROOKH. AN ORIENTAL ROMANeE. .... 1110 t .0 ... 01 .... lro .... Iotl0l' It,W IIII. lOO.U. MOORB'S IRIIH MELODIEI. 111 ........ bl D ..... n ... B.A. r.p ....... 1II 111 DIIIP"l ............ 101.11 ... . Prool 10,..1110 (....., ... ...... , . 1.4'. ""ob .. J." Io"w, ., , .. 111 D ....... ,. CI""" CoI, 'w. I. ""1/1'" (Oll , 111 _10" ... ,.;; ., .... 1.' .. r._'''''. IIl.I... , Id" PrHh 60' .. , I." ... ef 11, 11 L."W. D ....... CI_I .. Co, ...... , .. I'wl/oll, ( " ... rftJhi.'''', ..,.1 .. af .. r lllJ, 111 ..... MOORB'S IRISH MELODIES. ::::!'; ........ w1'k Vip"" 'ntl , 0_ 10.. cl.t ....... I. PRINTBD FOR IIESSRS. LONOIIAN, AND co. 21 MARCET.-CONVERIATIONS ON POUTICAL ECONOMYI .... Welt .. _ 01 tIIot 1Ide ...... '0IDIIIuI1_-'" 71" .. I"" ......... ... ......... , .. 7 .., 10.10. MARCBT.-CONVERSATIONS ON VECETABLE PHYSIOLOCY; 0_ 1.' 1!Ie ...... , Be"" ........... oppII_ .. A ............. &d1,lo 'ool_lIYo. .1 ... Fo ............ cIo MARCST.-CONVERIATIONS FOR CHILDRENI Oll I.IHI ... d 'Vater. Iij-.cdltl ... n ...... and eorrect .... 'ooleca, ho wI&ll.oI._ ...... ..... 1.' , 0 .. -"'. AlU .... 01 Mo IOI ....... ". olot". .' . MARCET.-coNVERSATIONS ON LANCUACE, ForC"'ldren. 0, Mn. Mueet,a.thor 0' .. WU.,..o....u.u., . lIao.4 U.cle'll. MARCBT-THE CAME OF CRAMMAR, ::. ... , . L U ., M ............. , ... o' .. M.,,'. 01' ....... , t. ete. Mn eilltl.a. lila 11. tW. dOlk. .' ..t, ,."." 11''''''', ..,./., lu ,,, .. , .. ,."-Q ..... rlJ ant ... MARCBT.-LESSONS ON ANIMALS, VECETABLEI, AND MINERALS. Ur IIn. Mareet, 'bor of" Coa.,.natlo .. _ Ch ... lhJ. t .te. .. . 11. c1otll. "0 ., " " .... 1' .... .,.", .... " ........ oj ..... .,., .... , AII , ... , ., .... , ,. ,.' ..... , " '."""'611 'or'" ' ...... "-AtII._ MARRIACE CFT ,.MotIo ... ALepcJ ...... OIdW_. Po.,_ ....... "._ ... , .. , ... MAMY AT ICAPT).-THE MISSION I !?ir.-:::;-.:.,T.:J'!fIi .. rc:.w..:! 1 .... 10 I ... ,t,. ::,;:"::'::':'1:'''''';'7: 1:'- ':l H' ...... ' ,, 'fINf'II'''' ;f"'" I ... , .er. ... " "li", ."I'rl .. n, ", 'AI' , ,
.Alel etH'" ." ,., ., IA., I .... '.," , '.,1. ,_ HIWI .,.". ... " .., ,Je"""" rN- IIH."-8r1tan.l.. "/ . MARRYAT (CAPTif.:;THE SETTLERS IN CANADA. .!'J!. , ... 01 P,'.r 81 ..... " MARRYAT (CAPT'l;;MASTERMAN READY; . .. Tk. YOl I,.""",.,,. 7 U . .ell, clolb Tu 1 ... ,./ R.' ..... en. .. .-, ......... , .... " ,.. a -.J , ... -HJt" "'" ." ......... """ .. .6..... ,. . " .. ,.. ro. 'm ,. .... '." .. 14 """"'. toUI ......... _ 11. ,...,.., .. eJ ..... -Qaarterl' Re,lew. I MAUNDSR.-THE TREAIURY OF KNOWLEDOE, .. ...... IIi r I'f"$.'''''''''' t/ 'I, 'r .... ' ...... 4'1 ....... ,' " .. ",4 " efu n, rr... IN", -' K ., ..... ,,-...... 4 ".'8"6" _."". D.eIf "'I.'" 8r_ ... , ,. ..... , DIiI'ad' .. ,... ...... ,., ..... U ." .. 10 .... " .... , .... ....... C ....... , Dfetf ... ;s: ... -J z... ".." ............ MAUNDBR.-THE BIOCRAPHlCAL TREAIURYI Co .... tI .. _., .. e. ... ". Iket,,"", .... 1 Moll , ........ 11.000 ...... t ......... r eI. "pe .. tI Nat&o. Im. RuH"t. Pe,," 01 nl.tor, I lcan.'a ......... c-,a.'e Die- .r U .. ..,.,.... "':'I"'.'. Dt SaM ... , 1I n.aft. 1""'1110., ,n,.e. tlirotlpDat, .. ,.... '001 ., .... wllJa 'l'OIItIe'! 22 IIBW WORlt8 "liD IIBW EDITIOIlS PRINTED POR MEBSRS. LONOMAN, AND co. 23 MOORB.-THE HI5TORY OF IRELAND. , . f::r .. .. .. elt c .. ,.,. "TboIuI Moon, &.,. MORAL OF FLOWERS (THE). NlWltJoa. Royal_ .... ,. M he uren' I ..... E ..... I .... 11.101 aII ..... d. MORTON.-A VETERIiIARY TOXICOLOCICAL CHART, .
MORTON.-A MANUAL OF PHARMACY, '0' .lIe 8tadent In Veterl:7 lIedleine I ,he Seh'lane,. emplo,ed at tbl a:la' &ale '1aUmICO,. 01 a& MOSELBY .-ILLIJSTRA TIONS OF PRACTICAL MECHANICS. 8, .b. a .... H. MOIeie" Prof.llOr 0' NahI'''' 'IlUOlo,,? Ind Allron.al fa IU.," .. .. c. b, 111. ... Od MOBELEY.-THE MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES OF ENCINEERINO AND ARCHITECTtJRK. S, 'be Bn. H."oool.,. M.A. F.R.S Prol .... r.,H.' .... P="J .. .f:": e MOBHEIMB.-ECCLESIASTICAL HlSTORY, ',' . ADol.at ... Modem. TrUl.'I.ld"wlthcopto ... Note., \,1 ....... 1"1100 ... D.D.' BcI'tecI. &IIn. Mn &clklo., MULLBR.-INTROOUCTION TO A SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM OF MYTHOLoeY. . MURRAY. -AN ENCYCLOP.EDIA OF CEOCRAPHY' Ccm,daln,. cotDJI.t. D .. c:rlpL$OD 01 th. Itvd. , .. lu lt.l.lIo .. to I a nl,. .. .
1tdft.'Oll. wllh Rap.pt.me,,'-, brtnl'h"dnn tlIIe ... tlo. t'.OD'-Ined. \a ,hl WOI", Ut Deumbtr IIWIII .. ID Ihr', d,.wn 111 Sl4ncl Hall, u.d .pW'Afll. 01 1000 olbu JI: .. o. \VOOft, rrum ltraw1nr. b,S_al.tal, T. LudJOer, 8owtrbl, 8t"'tl tl' . "&;'" ..."l remarklbLe ObJte IoN .. ' .... ud. Art I.d ItClJ' ll.clo. o( o. NECKER DE 8AU88URE.-PROCRES6IVE EOUCATION, . 0.. C ......... d ...... , C ...... , UI.. Tr .......... d lro. , Fr ..... of ........ H ter O. S._ ..... , ..... H.Uud. 1 I ...... So I" ...... \0li0. *.* aq.r.'''" 1,.1 411. ltt 01. 111 .. 7 w. NEWELLrRBV.R.H.}-THE ZOOLOCY OF THE ENCUSH POETS, Correeted br dte Wrtt ... 01 Mode,. Nahnlilu. B, 'b. Rn. R. H. " .. 011. Reetor 0' Llnl. Ho....... Fe.,. fio. wh" X..,..na ... OD WOM, " .... , clodt. of ........ ,. ,. , .. , ., ,h ,"Ir' ./ , ur', ,wr.1b", ,., "li .", .. ,., ".4 UI.,tre'" .,Irr." ,NII.',,'r " .."'.tld' .... ,, 'IOIftI ... -UtolVf OueUI. NICOLAB-THIE CHRONOLOCY OF HISTORY, ' . -::. 11::! .... ".0. ItcetD' IWldoe, cornclH ,,,,..,,,01l'. OWEN. -LECTURES ON THIE COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND PHYII- OLOOYOrTHK IHYERTBBRATBANIIlAL8 u .......... I\oroICoII .... ,11 ...... . I. UMI. a, Ne"ud 0.,., F.R.8. H tert_ .. Pr.'euor to tIt. CoUece. Froa Not,.1aI&ea Oft.. WllIt 01....". ud 4 ".el .. .., JP.I ....... 1., ,tl' ""'wr" I" ,....,"H.,.} '.".",#4 ., " ....... IM ,., ........ ""_'''''' , .. ,........ . PARABLES CTHE). :: C;';::: . '..olIeI, '''02- u .... l. tI. wit" T. . 8enHa oa lIt, Il .. at," III' f s ........ Hn'" or _ . ............. co , H'rd-,. [..I I ""n. 24 IIEW WO.ES AIID )lKW EDITIONS PARItEB.-DOMESTlC DUTIES: 0.. 1l1li_'" .. Y08!'lilorrlod f.odI ..... '.11_.1 .1 1_ a ..... .w. ...... ... 0' .... , C .... _I. I"""'" ........... 0.110 ., ........ Ufo. B, Mn. W ........ "'IWIIIoa __ - .... 1.... PARNBLL.-A TREATI&E ON ROADI I wr..roI .... PrI ... ,IOI O .... 1 _ .............. _.nI ........ IU ......... , PI_. l:1 .... hHi ud c.. __ _ .,., .... _ ................... a .. ,_ . BaU. ... Blp. Hoa. SI, HII!'J' "-UI ...... Ho II_b.I .... tn.. B .......... . S..... ....-'1, ............... "' .............. 11 ..... 1 ... . PATON THE YOUNCEST MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN I'AIIILY B ..................... d Tra I ":."! .... H ........... Wood =.: ....... .=, ud l8H. B, odnw ArcWb ............ . , ........... '1.,.. THB MilDERN SYRIAI ort N ..... "'1.., .. Po_.AI ........ 1 .. 11 ........ ., .b D' ..... ' ....... 1110 ...... 1 ... . PBAllBON.-AN INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL AITRONOMYI !!J Ib. Il ... W. P_a. 11.8 a oro' 1100" KUwo!!', LeI ..... n ....... d Trauu .. to A._lcaI ...... ' on........ ..... 4 ..... 1 .......... 71. 7 boord Vol. I eoa&ala. ,..., .. , uc tl, eompted.. 'IR IadlltatID. llt. aed .. ctloa o' Cele.dal OlM., ado ...... a popaIU .....-.uOD 01 , ... lr COllllftcdoa ud U Vol.1 co ...... De.adpd 1 , .... "utou , .. &na .... 'M& ba ... "I .. ufan,. _ ... ,edla dllftndalu . the PIat 01 ,Ia. H ..... l' Bodl " wlt .... Aeanml 01 tu ".tlaoda olAdJ_dDI ud U.I.,ila... . PEDESTRIAN AND OTHER REMINISCENCEI AT HOME AND ABROAD, WITH 8KBTCHltSOJP COUNTRYLlI'B. a's,. ...... Poo."o., .. 1 .. ' .... II.pI ... ... VI ...... 'I'Id.. [I. 160 , .. .. PBROIVALL.-THE ANATOMY OF THE HOR6E1 ... 10 ... 1., .b. lIar ... _ .r .10. "..... B, \Y. P ... I .......... C.S. .. 11 10". PBROIV ALL.-HlPPOPATHOLOCYI . A I,., d. Tnatl OD , Dliord.,. ... LA. ..... 01 tla. Hona, wI'" 'la.lr Modera ud 1' rat'ftY ".'WI ., Cu ... , .mbncln. ,Ia. Poetrl 01 &.11"" .. cl ', cla V.terl- I "ni U,. 0 ...... PBRElRA.-A TREATIIE ON FOOD AND DIETI :Ilb :ra=: 1I::1I11I. .... "'or Pau,.n. L adc't.!, .. llDlaall, Cldldna. tu It., lte. Pr JGA reba, ".D. ".R.8., aadlo .. 01 t la ...... ol ,.da MetSteL" .... 111. cl.da. PERRY (On. w. C.)-CERMAN UNiVERSITY EDUCATlONI .t!:. ..... ,. B, WoI ... C. P."" rbll. D. 01 ... Um_.Il, PBSOHEL (0. P.l-ELEMENTI OF PHY&lCI '. Part I. Pond.nbl. ....... U, c .. P ..... I. P,I.o'''' ., a., .. 11111 .., r .. u.,.. D ....... , .tD te. Tran.lat" lro. &11.. U.nu. .. wltla Note., br K. W.I', 1"oOI.ca, "0 ..... UI ......... d W .... ... 7 . . 1 ... . r.rt t.-..... r.,.... 0' 1 ...... _1>1. Bodl ...... u .... ,....,. l'IlILLJPS.-AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO MINERALOCYI
Itdldoa, ao I ....... , ....... ". b, R. AUu, '.B.B.R. "0. wlda ....... WOOIlnll. 1 .... loU.. PlIILLJPS.-FlCURII .. DEICRIPTIONI CF THE PAL.EOZOIC FOI&ILI OF
0 .... 0' La .... C ........ I o 0' H. 11. Tnoaa.,. .... ",.Ia 10 P ...... -,rIoIor ,., D .... ,. ftpn 8f. cloth. PHILLJPB.-A CUIDI TO 0I0LOCY. I, ... rhllll, '.R.II. 0.8. .001 ........ ",.Ia ........... Iolb. PHIl.L1P8.-A TRIATI&! ON CEOLOCY. , . R.8. 0.11. .... 1'01 ""'Inal' .... w'" V1JDOU. '1'1110' ... W ..... to. PLOUCH CTHEII A p' Ar,I II.'" ... R .... A"'n. ....11 ............ "'", uwed. (ht/WOll " .. ,.". PLYMLBY tPETBR).-LETTlRION THE IlJBJECT OF THE CATHOLICI TO MY allTHIIR AIRAHAM,WIIO LIVltilTNTlfa CUHTRY. s, Pe .. PI,...., ....... 1 ..... P ....... , " , rAINTBD Fon MBssns. LOIiOMAIt, :lND co. 26 POlBSON D.l-A TREATISE ON MECHANICS. .
t 1 8JO. JI. SI. dOlh. . PORTER.-A TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF SILK. olU.e Nadoa,"ete. ,np ........ ,Ja rORTJm.-A TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURES OF PORCELAIN AND el!3.? R. Pon .. , .... P.B.B. Pool ......... 1'10 .,1 .... '''' onUo ond 10 W ..... PORTLOCK. - REPORT ON THE CEOLOCY OF THE COUNTY OF LONOONDBRRY, ud 0' Part. 01 T,ro.1 lad ' ........ 11, eDIIIlaed ud due"h'" der 'be AatlMwl',. ohb. Muwr-Oeulral ... Boutl oIOrd.allee. .I. PortlMk, '.B.8. ete. e.o. wltl. 48 PlRt.l, I0Il. eloalt.. l'OWELL-THE HISTORY OF NATURAL PHlL05OPHY. r::tfn1:r!l',; .. PYCROFT.-A COURSE OF ENCLISH READINC; ", Adaphd 10 et'errs Tute aI.tI C"r.T.". Wltll. Anecdotel 0' Mea 0' 0e.1... 'Ra . Onaau, . . " QUARTERL Y JOURNAL OF THE CEOLOCICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
h. fI. uc'" n ... ber, I .. ed.. . [P ."",., Q .. ,.,.,.". RANKE CPROPE880R).-RANKE'& HI&TORY OF THE REFORMATION. trftnalatecl br 8anIt. .un., lnulalOr of a .... ' HlltMt 01 &be p ...... , V.Ia.1 ud I. "0.101.010... . REECB.-THE MEDICAL CUIDEI . Por .11 ae 01 the Clerrr. Hud, 0' ' .... m ... , " ..tnarle., ud " Ior Pnetltlo 'II. lIedl- C'!lne, cOlnp.1nr compleu Mod.n Dllpeaaat0l'J. ud PactleaJ Treall .. H. 'b. dlltln- CI.I , Pr"eatlon, Car., anll pnadoa 0' , ... Dlaeu laeldeallO 'h Pell .. 01'11. R.,"CoDe,e.'.up '.' Loa' , 26
Uoa. ...... ..... Vol .... ot .............. _ ot 11 .... _1... ..... .. ........... . ftAC'rIOAL ArrRClNOIlY ... OICODK.Y. I ....... aq "'. l'roJHtIoO' 01 , ........ . ......... 'l"rlpo_.Ity. 1,loko NurI.o, R.I ...... A.8 ..... 1_ ., 8 .... . ...... I. ," Ro," IllIItu, Col ........... n ............ V ..... ., "'11 __ 1I.",_tIool Co_ s.o. 140 ..... nd. SOIlLBIDEN CPROP.I-PRINCIPLII OF SCIENTlFIC BOTANY. '. B, 11.1.80.1 ...... PrOt ..... or......, ,_. TruI ..... d., I ....... 11 11.0 ....... .. .. o.w ......................... ,.. . [I.'N' .... . PRINTED FOR 11 EBSJl,S. LONOMAN, AND co. !'1 BCOTl'.-THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. a, Sir Wal ... s u. Bori. N ... IWItIoa. ..01 , ,. s.o ... llb Vlpatla Tld I I.th. BBAWARD.-liIR EDWARD BEAWARD'S NARRATIVE 01' HIS SHIPWRECK ... Dllconry 01 .anaI. Jaluda ln , Culbbeu. Sn I wltll Detall of ..... , atnordlaUJ.: ud bIllI', latere.dDr E ..... " In " .. Wo, IrOID 1781 to 1749. u wrluea la lall .... I:dlte. ti, 111111 Porto.. Id Edld Wlth. N ... N tlealan. 0.-.... 01 I._ U _1aI.lnlr X.tnel. I ...... b, N c. ,. CoIl.I!, 01 I" Rojol N .,. Id WrI.( Ih. l .... d.If ........ ., 81r U ..... 8_. hol . pool sELECT WORKs OF THE BRITISH POETS I . .,R.8 ''',. LL.D. 11 .. 1 BELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS I ' .. u.: No.,.. PiI .... , CborIou.S.llh. an' IIn. aorbo.ld. lI.dl s.o. 181 Iolh. -, 7"" ,. .... "., .. ,." _, 'A ... ItI rl. fI, I ' 'Ia, P ..... cr" ,rf.'.4 .. dr,. , ''''-:n ., ",M ...... r rl, 4 --.'" BERMON ON THE MOUNT (THE1. 1St. lI""be ..... L .11.1 1.1 d I 81Ft ,., ........ I. or mlt-Doolt I.. oll _. trlnted I. Gold. aad C.(oa.n. I. the MlI.al "',la Or eatallkmlen ., 0" .JODH, '\:' 111 .... ",I., H.,...' .... SHAKSPEARE, BY BOWDLER.
_die, E .... tr.R.8. BonDllo Edlt1oD. s. . wll'" IU.oI .. II ... _ 8.1"'., .Ie. 100. c1"t1! 1 wlthODIIU.otntlou. 8 .01 s.o. 4/. 1 ... W. Iooard IIHBLLBY BTC.-LIVES OF THE MOST EMINENT UTERARY MEN OF lTALy,SPAlN ... PORTUGAL. lIYlln. &beU.,. .... ta-.. ' I .. I 10010 , s.o. wI.h VI_tl. TlIf ... 181 1.110. . SHBLLBY.-LIVES OF THE MOBT EMINENT FRENCH WRITERB. a, Mn. ShoO., ud .then. .. 10.10010.., s.o. wlth vtp.tta Tltle., I clolb. sHORT WHIST I
IthBdlllaa. Towhle ...... ded.PnNPtalor1'jro1. 8'11".8 1" FoDbe ...... ... Ioth. "11 0411'" BISMONDl.-THE HISTORY OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLICS; Ur 1 Ih. ..... d PaIl.I ......... 1. 1101,.,... A.D. qe to Il0l . o. L. De lIInooaIL I'Ooloea, s. . wlth V)p.tt. TlII 80. clDth. BISMONDI.-THE HISTORY OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE B,J.O.L.D.81 ... oadl. SMITH IOBOROBj.-THE RELlClON OF ANCIENT BRITAINI Or, "t.eelaet Aeeoanl (I' tlil ,"rU .e'laIo" 8,.t wille' , .. " obtab .... I. '''.1 1I1 d '1'OIIl .... Ka,n t TI to .lIIe NDr .... Con ..... ' I IneludlDI" Ie.tlpllo" lato ,lIIe BarI, PI'OIftIl 01 Brror I. , C"'I.Ua. CII.reh, 'he t.'md.eOoa 0' ,Ia. .... BrItaia nd lli. Stola of a.lI .... I. aD.I dU ...... , bed p .... I'. A" dOO". a, . O:I!!':.""'" All .... 1IO.lelJ. ud .1 I" ""01 ooIelJ BMITII (OKOROB).-PERI .. OUS TIMES I =': R.,.I AoJatl. SDelel, .... ., Ih. aoral S .. I.I, .,'UI ... 1.... ' ..... _ .... Iolh WNr, "'J .. , .... f ... " ,..A'.',:.I., ....... aor. "., 'A, ..... 4:::, 11 .. 114 /.".fQP" .. PHI." ,,, ... .'.4, 'I" rl.w_C".rcll .... 8tue 0uet.1. SMlTH lMRB. H.l- THE FEMALE DISCIPLE OF THE FIRST THREE .. citN'niaID 0' TRI: CRRIBTIAN KRA', Hor Trlola ... Her .1..... a, _. H .., . 11 ,., ,.,, .;." ttI"" ... "., 6J", ttI,Mmt' ,.,,,,,,' ... ,A ..... , .. ,." A., A., .. ". ,"'.,'" .. , "111 11,." , :f. , ..... 10. , " ... 11 :'''''I::t,,"{ Atlo .. . .:... ...
.===================================, 28 IfEW WOIUL. "ND IfEW EDITIONS BMITII.-AN INTROOl/CTION TO THE ITUDY OF BOTANY.
..... B . Ie. '.0. wllk.IlIool .................. . BMtTU -COMPENDIUM OF THE ENCLI8H FLORA. '!.":t t4 ... :. .. 800 .... SIIIITH.-THE ENCLISH FLORA. Sir " .... Kd ....... tb. K.D. 1" 8.,1 ........ ld .. ' .1 , u. .... 80elet, te. e lI ...... 11.''' ..... rd CONTBNTII. 1'.10.1.10 IV. I PI ... rI ........... d ... r ..... I1 .... V.I.V.P.r1 ..... prlal .. I V.I.V ..... t I".-n. .. I'" 11 ..... ) lIop"''', Lieb .. , c....... I" wo"', 111. W .1.11 ........ ... Iko ce ..... dA .... U,tllrW.J.Hookc,. RIY .... '.u. .... '.'.r.J.8.eto. 8MITJI.-THE WORKS OF THE REV. SYDNEY SMITH ... Kdlllo.. 1'01 ...... wllb r ...... I ...... 1 ..... p:1:" r,: ... :l .. !r.:1':!:t "Ar L,II,,, S.""J:'u uld"",'.lIr. H .. n"." TwoIAl,,",, CI... '(anw Ware ,.bill ... ) I ..... ".... .. , .. 80UTHBY. BTC.-LIVEI OF THE BRrnsH ADMIRALS;' . .. 8oaIII'I ....... . BOUTHEY (ROBERTl-QLlVER NEWMAN' A lIIow K ...... Tall ( lal.kld). wiek ..... P .. Ia........... B' ............... anthe,. 1'001 ., "0. uUorat. "tb tu TeD Val .... Kildoa 01 1Ir.lIoatlaeJ'I Poe&lcal W ......... d .. b. BOUTIIEY'B /RODERT) COMPLETE POETICAL WORKS I . .11 .... "atbvr'l' .. , latrodaetlo.I ... N.,ea. Co_pt.le ,. ODe .......... .. ::. .. . AIIO, aa EdItIOD 1. 10 YOl .. .'.101 . .oroeco, oU. J 10.\111 or ARC P .. p.8to ..... I .. b. I THALABA ......- I Iollt. t'Gt?f .... KiuiA .. ,' 1:::: . .. : :: It::: t4 IW ...... ..... w'" ........ ""', I ... ,od Bapa ... p oIlbe "_'1 Tno '_lId ..... lI.lI;. N ...... . 8POONER.-A TREATISE ON THE STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONI, AND DlIIICASKS oIlb .'OO'I ... d LBG .lIbo HORSB 1 .... "" .... 1.' IItI C -"'." ...... , :1 ::1-0: IIb=:r lfd :=o-:::.sa:r=:-r.:: Ilod. olp.rfona.t." ...... B,W.C.Spooaer,lI.a.V.rJ: ll1a r..U.cloth. STABLE TALK AND TABlE TALK, ,OR, IPECTAClES FOR YOUNQ HPORTlla'KN. 8,11..., H........ .. W. _.. . ,. A. "."6 rI '.,'r .. '''' h.t. WI,,, ... r, "". HIt ..,d .. '11.", ...... , ...... ,I,. , ." .. ,,,.!:.,,,r, , ",p.,"or,. Dir "," ""'""1'''' __ '''''''' .. " .... __ .;j ... rA'., ( ,, ' 1 ".,,&1 .,.,It ., .. ' ... ...,11, 0/ ... et., . , ,. ..... "".If .. .. 11 " "''''''. D/ , "." .. '1'."" I. ,nrr.' ... " r .. " ."'6' ........ ' ,,, '119_"- .",. ., 11. , , "', V ..... I ,.1 ... ,.'.,./r .. STEAM ENCINE (THE). BY THE ARTIZAN CUR. ATreatialoD theSte &nlll 8,the Ar&laaa. Club. NM.tao.,'" b.eac"- ...... Tu b. co.pletHla24I1ODtI .. , PUtl. tU" Wu.t ...... b, Steel PlaI ... dlftaal ""'11, STEDDING (REV.lI.)-THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHRIST, :.::::: B.D ........... _dot . B'fEBBINO.-THE HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, .. ...... 1 ................. A.P.'-' B,eb. R ... H. S ......... II.A 01 t ..... ,.01 , .. 01 wltlli Vlraet&e 'ntlI' .. 111. clolla. . STEBDINO.-THE HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION. B, e Rn. H. S ....... ,. 1 .. 1 1001_, .... wleb Vlpe ... " ...... " 1 .... PRINTED FOR MBIISRS. LONUMAN. A"D 1)0. BTEEL'B SHIPMASTER'S ASSISTANT. .. 29 COmp .... tor 'he "I. of Merchantl. O.nel'l d lIalten 01 Oflcen of C .. to , d 8:. ,tf:' toaether .. th Node 01 ether "allen t and an nec .... .,.l.for ... d01l tor 8dlll_ ...... Ittea t .. ro .... boa.t. Itdlud D, Gr .... 1D Wlllmore, Blq. M .A. Burllterat..Law I ,lIie Ca.l .... ud 8"lpp1.., D=tment b, Oeorre eie",eat . 01 th 01l.to , Loadoa, ;rJi".: ;::: ct:... N ."" .. uepli, ., STEPIIKNB.-A MANUAL OF BRITISH COLEOPTERA' nr, DRBTLIS I eont""I DalftlplloD ol.n 'he l'lpeclel 01 8e8,,1. "ltbarao oelrtlln to 'nbablt Ureat Brltaln and ..... de. Wltb. co ... pl.le ladu: 01 tbe Genen.. Bf J ... Slep.e , V.L.S., aathor 01" Wu&ratlon. of Kalomoloc,." POlt &'0. 1 ... cle'''. BTRONG.-CREECE AS A KINCDOM:
(MIlel:. Doeu U u'" A.'.e.Ue Soue... 81 Fnderlck I:Jtron Ka .... .... l.'A' .. e 1o, the KI .... olII. ofBanrla .. '" HlIIlOftr. ".IIt. CIOUl. BVMMBRLY IMRB. FBLIX).-THE MOTHER'S PRIMER: A Llttle 0 .... 4'. PI,.t Step. In ..... , W.T" 87 Mn. FeUs S ..... e,I1'. Feep.l.o. ,flatt. 1.001 ...... llh a Flaull.,I ..... 11 hJ WIIU II.I ..... J. R.A.lI.IO.' SUNDAY UBRARYI .
In aorocee, .It. alil ed_, 11. ... W. . BWAIN80N.-A PREUMINARY DISCOURSE ON THE STUDY OF NATURAL HISTOB Y. ., W. 8 .... U08, BI... Fool'fIlII 11"0 .... clon . A TRKATI8B ON THE NATURAL H18 NATURAL HISTORY BTC. 01' 1'18H, TURV&CLA8BIPICATION01 ANIMALB. AHD RKPTILKII. Br W. fr,..':ai. 8 .n-J::::: I'eap, s.o. wltll ';:':::tnUe"':d NATURAL HISTORY AND CLA88IPICA TION OF QUA"RUPIllDS. Ur W. S .... f7:":'!d!:l: NATURAL HISTORY AND CLAS8IFICA. TION OF BIRUB. IIJ W. !!woln.oo, E . .. e aa. alto.1 HABITS AND OF ANIMAI.8. .. :,l'h ANIMALSINMKNAGERlIIS. BrW. !!wlln :::.=:; .. ..,11 nd IIISTOIlY AND NATURAL ARRANGle MKN" 0' INIIIICTB. 111 W.llwol"OIl, E .... I.d \V. K. ts.huckard, lCaq. 1':111'. Beo. wlflt V"',e'teTitlea.d \\ oode .... , ... e&o .... A 'nUt"'nSB ON TAXIPBRMY I wICh Ibo :iLt lbe AUl .. O', ... cloU . BWITZBRLAND.-THE HISTORY OF SWITZERLAND. 1'00 .... ' "0. VIp.11O 'nllo, ... clolk. TATE.-HORATIUS RESTITUTUS;
::7 a. orll'a" Treattll U. '11. Mebe, 0' Horan. IYo,I . I:lOl". . . TATE.-THE CONTINUOUl HI&TORY OF THE UFE AND WRITINC& OF
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