1. Digital modulation involves digitizing an analog information signal, mapping it to a bit stream, and mapping the bits to symbol amplitudes.
2. Signal constellations represent modulation schemes by mapping symbols onto a vector space in a 1-to-1 correspondence between points in the constellation and the alphabet.
3. The Cramer-Schmidt procedure determines an orthonormal basis of functions to represent each symbol, allowing determination of signal weights.
1. Digital modulation involves digitizing an analog information signal, mapping it to a bit stream, and mapping the bits to symbol amplitudes.
2. Signal constellations represent modulation schemes by mapping symbols onto a vector space in a 1-to-1 correspondence between points in the constellation and the alphabet.
3. The Cramer-Schmidt procedure determines an orthonormal basis of functions to represent each symbol, allowing determination of signal weights.
1. Digital modulation involves digitizing an analog information signal, mapping it to a bit stream, and mapping the bits to symbol amplitudes.
2. Signal constellations represent modulation schemes by mapping symbols onto a vector space in a 1-to-1 correspondence between points in the constellation and the alphabet.
3. The Cramer-Schmidt procedure determines an orthonormal basis of functions to represent each symbol, allowing determination of signal weights.
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8 Slgnal ConsLellauons SeL of basls funcuons ls noL unlque, buL dlerenL basls funcuons wlll noL change Lhe lengLhs (energles) of Lhe slgnal vecLors 9 Lxamples 10 Lxample ConsLellauons 11 LecL of nolse nolse ls Lyplcally assumed Lo be addluve whlLe Causslan nolse (AWCn) Causslan ln ampllLude: n(L) ~ N(0,no/2) wlLh consLanL power specLral denslLy (Su): n o W/Pz 12 Lmclency arameLers 13 Codlng Lmclency MosL communlcauon schemes Lrade-o power emclency for bandwldLh emclency Lrror conLrol codlng lncreases bandwldLh buL reduces requlred LransmlL power for Lhe same probablllLy of error lncreaslng Lhe number of blLs/symbol decreases bandwldLh buL requlres lncreased LransmlL power for Lhe same probablllLy of error 14 roperues Can deLermlne properues of modulauon scheme based on slgnal consLellauon