RIZAL Chapters 1-4

Facts about Jose Rizal - Born on June 19, 1861, (moonlit night of Wednesday), Calamba, Laguna - Baptized on June 22 by Fr. RufinoCollantes while the godfather was Fr. Pedro Casanas - named after the Christian Saint Joseph, San Jose - Lt. Gen. Jose Lemery was the governor-general at the time of his birth - seventh of the eleven children of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Theodora Alonso Realonda - He was the only member of their family who used their surname Rizal -Rizal came from spanish ricial which means green pasteur or green field Rizals Ancestry Father side Domingo Lamco (Domingo Mercado) and Ines dela Rosa Francisco Mercado and CirilaBernacha Juan Mercado and Cirila Alejandro FRANCISCO MERCADO Mother side LAKANDULA Eugenio Ursua and Benigna Regina and Manuel de Quintos Brigida and Lorenzo Alberto Alonso THEODORA ALONSO Rizals Parents FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL -Born on May 11, 1818 in Binan, Laguna -Studied latin and philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila -Became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda - Hardworking and independent-minded man (less talk, more action) - Died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80. - Rizal called him a model of fathers THEODORA ALONSO REALONDA - Born on November 8, 1826 in Manila - Educated at the College of Santa Rosa - Remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability and fortitude of spartan women - Before her death on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85, the government offered her a life pension which she didnt accept.

- Rizal said that she was a woman of more than ordinary culture; knows literature, spanish, rhetoric and a mathematician - Francisco and Theodora were married on June 28, 1848 then settled on Calamba where they engaged in farming and business. - They reared a big family. - 11 CHILDREN (2 boys and 9 girls) RIZAL CHILDREN 1. SATURNINA oldest; Neneng; married Manuel Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batanga 2. PACIANO confidant of Rizal; joined the revolution; retired tohis farm in Los Banos; had 2 children with his mistress SeverinaDecena. Rizal regarded him as the most noble of Filipinos 3. Narcisa Sisa; married Antonio Lopez, a school teacher of Morong 4. OLIMPIA Ypia; married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila 5. LUCIA married Mariano Herbosa, nephew of Fr. Casanas. Herbosa died of cholera and denied a Christian burial 6. MARIA Biang; married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Binan, Laguna 7. JOSE Pepe; lived with Josephine Bracken during his exile in Dapitan. Had a son Francisco who died few hours after birth 8.CONCEPCION Concha; died of sickness at the age of 3. Her death was Rizals first sorrow 9. JOSEFA Panggoy; died an old maid at the age of 80. 10. TRINIDAD Trining; died also an old maid in 1951 at the age of 83. 11. SOLEDAD youngest; Choleng; married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba 12. keyword: SPNOLM-JCJTS IS RIZAL FAMILY AFFLUENT? Their house was one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba 2-storey building (adobe stones, hard woods, roofed with red tiles Behind their house were poultry and a big garden Farming and stock raising (livelihood) Belonged to the principalia managed a general goods store, small flour mill and home-made ham press Owned a carriage and private library (largest in Calamba) Children were sent to colleges in Manila HOME LIFE OF THE RIZALS o Rizal family is simple and contented o They are intimately close with each other o Rizal called his sisters senorita or senora or dona o Rizals parents were strict o The family hear mass every Sundays and Christian holidays o Prayed together at home especially the angelus o Given time to play in the azotea or in the garden with other children CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA

CALAMBA cradle of the national hero named after a big native jar hacienda town owned by the Dominican Order south: Mt. Makiling east: Laguna de bay north: mountain shrine of Antipolo 1876: Rizal was 15 years old and a student in Ateneo de Manila - wrote a poem Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town) CHILDHOOD MEMORIES Rizal Frail, sickly and undersized child - His father built a nipa cottage in the garden - An old woman was employed as aya - His mother taught him the catholic prayers - Called as Manong Jose - Used to visit Fr. Leoncio, the parish priest June 6, 1868 (pilgrimage to Antipolo) - First trip of Jose across Laguna de bay and first pilgrimage to Antipolo - After praying at the shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo, Jose and his father went to Manila to visit his sister Saturnina STORY OF THE MOTH A MARTYR TO ITS ILLUSSIONS TO SACRIFICE ONES LIFE FOR IT IS WORTHWHILE ARTISTIC TALENTS At the age of 5, he began to make sketches with his pencil and mould in clay and wax He made a religious banner during the town fiesta He loved to ride on a spirited ponyand take long walks with his dog Usman First poem of Jose Rizal - His mother, Theodora, encouraged him to write poems - At the age of 8, he wrote a poem in the native language entitled Sa akingmgaKababata (To My Fellow Children) - The poem revealed his earliest nationalistic sentiments First Drama by Rizal - He wrote a tagalog comedy which was stagedin a Calamba festival - A gobernadorcillo from Paete purchased the manuscript for P2 RIZAL AS BOY MAGICIAN - Learned various tricks - Read many books on magic and attended the performances of the famous magicians of the world - He revealed his wide knowledge of magic in El Filibusterismo

- He also gained knowledge on manipulating marionettes Lakeshore Reveries - Used to meditate the unhappy situation of his country - At a young age, he was aware of the injustices and cruelties experienced by his fellows - He made a vow that he will avenge all the victims WHAT COULD BE THE INFLUENCES ON THE HEROS BOYHOOD? 1. HEREDITARY INFLUENCE - inherent qualities from his ancestors and parents 2. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE - favorable surroundings stimulated his talents 3. AID OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE - predestined to be the pride and glory of his nation EARLY EDUCATION IN CALAMBA Rizal had his early education in Calamba and Binan 4Rs Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic and Religion with memory method Theodora Alonso = Rizals mother was his first teacher Tutors 1. Maestro Celestino 2.Maestro Lucas Padua 3. Leon Monroy (former classmate of Rizals father) In Binan, Laguna - Rizal was accompanied by his brother Paciano - He lodged to his aunts house - The night when they arrived, Rizal was already homesick. He went sightseeing with his cousin, Leandro Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz - Teacher of Jose Rizal in Binan First School Brawl - Jose met the school bully, Pedro, and they wrestled in the classroom - After that, Andres Salandanan challenged him to an arm-wrestling match Question: Was Rizal quarrelsome in nature? END OF SCHOOLING -Saturnina sent a letter to Rizal informing the latter that a steamer, Talim, would take him to Calamba (1870) - Arturo Camps, a friend of his father, took care of him Factors that Awakened Rizals Nationalism - MARTYRDOM OF THE GOMBURZA

- INJUSTICE TO HEROS MOTHER Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila(1872-1877) Ateneo Municipal - college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits - bitter rival of the Dominican-owned San Juan de Letran - formerly known as EscuelaPia (Charity School), a school for poor boys in Manila which was established by the city govt in 1817 - known today as Ateneo de Manila Rizal Enters Ateneo June 10, 1872 Jose with Paciano went to Manila to take the examinations at San Juan de Letran. Gladly, he passed yet his father changed mind and decided to send Jose to Ateneo instead. Upon their return to Manila, Jose matriculated at Ateneo Municipal. Fr. MaginFerrando, the college registrar, refused to admit him for 2 reasons: - late registration - sickly and undersized for his age However, upon the intercession of Manuel Xerxes Burgos, the nephew of Fr. Burgos, he was reluctantly admitted at Ateneo. He adpted the surname Rizal because the family name, Mercado had come under suspicion of the Spanish authorities since Paciano Mercado was known to them as Jose Burgos favorite student and friend. Rizal boarded outside Intramuros which was owned by Titay who owed the Rizal family an amount of P300. Jesuit System of Education - More advanced than any other colleges in that period - Trained the students with rigid discipline and religious instruction - Degrees offered: Bachelor of Arts, agriculture, commerce, mechanics and surveying - Students hear mass in the morning and classes were opened and closed with prayers Students were divided into 2: A. Roman Empire consists of the internos (boarders) red banner B. Carthaginian Empire consists of the externos (non-boarders) blue banner Positions: EMPEROR TRIBUNE DECURION CENTURION

STANDARD-BEARER Challenge: asking questions 3 mistakes, one loses his position Uniform: rayadillo, later became famous for it was adopted as the uniform of Filipino troops during the days of the 1st Philippine Republic Rizals 1st Year (1872-1873) Jose Bech first professor of Rizal Rizal was an externo, at the end of the line since he was a newcomer. But at the end of the month, he became an emperor and was given a prize a religious picture Rizal took private lessons in Spanish at Santa Maria Isabel College during noon recesses. (P3 for those extra Spanish lessons but it is money well spent.) He didnt try hard enough in his studies on the next half of the year because there he resented remarks of his professor. He placed second at the end of the year although his grades were all excellent. Summer Vacation (1873) He returned to Calamba but didnt enjoy his vacation because his mother was in prison. Without telling his father, he went to Santa Cruz and visited his mother. Rizal went back to Manila and this time he boarded inside Intramuros owned by an old widow, Dona Pepay. 2nd Year in Ateneo (1873-1874) Rizal became the emperor, awarded with a gold medal He had new classmates from Binan, who had been his classmates also in the school of Maestro Justiniano. Prophecy of Mothers Release Dona Teodora had a dream and Rizal interpreted that saying that she would be released from prison in 3 months time. The prophecy actually came true just like the story of Joseph in the bible. Teenage Interest in Reading The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas Rizals first favorite novel He was impressed by Edmond Dantes heroism and adventures Universal History by Cesar Cantu historical work Travels in because of b) Jagors would come the Philippines by Feodor Jagor Rizal was impressed in the book a) Jagors observations of the defects of Spanish colonization and prophecy that Spain would lose the Philippines and that America to succeed her as colonizer.

3rd Year in Ateneo (1874-1875) Rizal was happy to see his mother again as a free woman He still had excellent grades but he only won a medal in Latin. He was beaten in Spanish by a naturally-speaking Spaniard. 4th Year in Ateneo 1875-1876) Rizal became an interno Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez inspired Rizal to write poetry and to study harder. Rizal considered him his best professor in Ateneo. He described Fr. Sanchez as a model of uprightness, earnestness and a love for the advancement of his pupils. He topped all his clasmates and won 5 medals at the end of school term Last Year in Ateneo (1876-1877) Rizal excelled in all his subjects. The most brillianAtenean of his time, truly the pride of the Jesuits Commencement Day March 23, 1877 Rizal was only 16 years old then, received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors. Before the graduation, he fervently prayed at the chapel and said I commended my life to the Virgin so that when I should step into that world, which inspired me with so much terror, she would protect me.