Chapter 5: Kinetic Energy, Work and Power

Kinetic Energy:
One half the product of a moving objects mass and the square of its speed.

Kinetic energy is always positive or equal to zero. o Only zero for an object at rest. Units: kg m2/s2 or joule( J) 1J= 1Nm= 1kg m2/s2

Example: A car of mass 1310 kg being driven at the speed limit of 55 mph(24.6 m/s) has a kinetic energy of?

Other energy units: Electron-volt (eV)- 1eV= 1.602E-19 J Food calorie (Cal)- 1 Cal= 4186 J Mega ton of TNT 1 Mt= 4.18E15 J Motion in more than one dimension:

Example:

Work:
The energy transferred to or from an object due to the action of a force. Positive work is a transfer of energy to the object, and negative work is a transfer of energy from the object.

We can use the definition of the scalar product to compute the angle between two arbitrary vectors in three dimensional space:

Scalar Product for Unit Vectors

The scalar product with itself has the value 1. o Therefore the unit vector has length 1. Any pair of different unit vectors has a scalar product that is 0. o This means that these vectors are orthogonal to each other. Using the scalar product, we can write the work done by a constant force as:

in displacing an object by is the scalar The work done by a constant force product of the two vectors. o We can use any force vector and any displacement vector in this equation.

One-Dimensional Case

Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem

This is the relationship between kinetic energy of an object and the work done by the forces acting on it.

Work Done by the Gravitational Force

For an object falling under the influence of gravitational force, the work done on the object on the way down is:

Work Done in Lifting and Lowering an Object

Example:

Solution:

Example 2:

Solution:

Work Done by a Variable Force

Spring Force

Example:

Solution:

Example 2:

Solution:

Work Done By the Spring Force

Example:

Power
Power is the rate at which work is done.

Average Power:

Power for a Constant Force:

Example

Summary