C··/~·: n E':'-' 'S-·'·- ·S,·:··"·:'·--· 'F'--":": 0"":'" 'R:: ".

'-: .. : I . ". . , '... . I' .. :'

'. . Ii' ". I' .' ,'. ' . '.'

...... ', . : i , '.', .) :.... . _ . ,.".:.. ' , '. ". ..' [ . i . '. ". '. . .' .' [ .J . _ J -', • ~_

- . .

.' .

A M:'····,······<A·:'··' T' :,' E':'~' u 'R:--'· S":'·:'

• ", ",': .' " L -'-: • • . .

, . _ .. ~', _ ."\ .:. - .' . ....•.. '-- - . .' '.' . '~, -': ."' .. ,"" .::

• • F

..

'B"Y"

'-~ ';

F~·, R':' 'E"'DI' RE,'i·"IN,;·:'::"F·'E,,·'·L·.'D;-,

.[ _I~ - I :.~'. .:. ",I. ,_ "'.' ',_ ' ,." ,_':.... . . ...:. _.;"

A.1I.ITHOR OF'

,,~. OHESS MASTER.Y BY 'Q.,UESTION AND ANS'VVER"

. "PRA'CI'i'GA'L END, 'GA:M:E PLA.Y ~,~

1i:'~'TUI'"""iElI E:L' "UM' ,..,. ..... ~ O"'u 'dlfO"O"=R' ·N·· I "HE·e;~ ST~A"'T'"I!II""'Y' ,.10

,rll . .£.I' '. D~', 1:;;1\,"~.Ii. ~I '.' ,C- ,M- " -,D", ~. .'Q-Q _ ,, __ ,~ _ :l".Ili~ , .

ETC~

,RI:~I' ,AJWi,I~, I9'43

~, D8.'{;e-nih,e,y:" :['9"44

BOOK PROOOCflON

, ',\'I.lA'R·U7'~'It)I.·N "nn", ~'\..lI,~il

STAh:~

T.m PAPE.R A.N.D 81ND:JN'(j OF

''1I''H'IS·;. 1I!ii'~'~. c.' '. ;~'"'I'iMIOO' . :R:~· 'T: '0: ''jI''''HjD J~ . " uv·v.~ il..JI',~,""iI:r. . .. PJ _ I. ,H.lJ;,.

AUTHORIZED, ECONOMY STANIDARDS

MAD-E IN GJlEATi8R~TA1N .Ar. 'THE PIT.M'AN: P.!RJ!.SS; BATH

D·4.-=-(G,,2-\1,(!') •

I N-· ", T-" '- R· '0:'-" D·' U; ' .. ' C" '-: T;-'- 1;-' '0--' ',- N"" .

. ". ~I~ • . ..... .' • . "., •. '.' .,:~ _' i . '_, ... :. '.'." ... ',

I

T'HAT inveterate ironist and paradox .. monger, Dr. Tartakover,

} '\1 . -'. d rib . hi .. Jf- ,~- he Id' ... ~-.. . -" 'T-":' . -. - -- .'

o 'es to descrioe , !m~e", as t I e 0 1_ routmeer. 0 anyoD'e

who is familiar with Tartakover's gam,es" calling him a routine player is fantastically incongruous. His mercurial temperament shies away from 'the conservative, the obvious}, the traditional" the commonplace, the 'well-trodden paths ; he loves' the unusual, the strang e the unexp -ected the 'bizarre"

-, ---"--~ ------ ~ ~ -'._" ,- _ ... "" .. ,

it is his special delight to give a game a totally original twist ..

He is not afraid of getting into, difficult" dangerous, or even lost ,p.ooition.s ,; for he is an agile squirmer, a fabulous tight-rope walker, a player rich in resources and stratagems and unique saving clauses,.~, So great are his courage and confidence and love of unha .. t.neyed, play, that he has always championed and adopted those openings which have generally been considered inferior ~

And yet, there is a sense in which Tartakover-s-like all other masters=-is a routine player; in this sense, paradoxically enough, the amateur is far from a routine player; he playshighly original chess !

This distinction, introduced so playfully, is nevertheless of, 'prime importance. The most valuable attribute of a good player .is the ability, when confronted with any given position, to find the best 'move available, or at least one of the better moves", Now, just, how does, one find these superior moves?

h · - . I d ? Th h d d ~.. L b'

~W" at IS the process mvorved -~~, __ e metnoc use, 1;5 mvana 'J,Y ,

the same) whether it is applied knowingly or unknowingly, intentionally or unintentionally,

'The utilization of this method depends on, the fact that in the past 1,5 0- years or so there. has bee:n assembled a vast body of chess theory", This theory is made up of rules of thumb w hich are true generally" other thi'ngs be.ing equal. Th us

v

,',

VI

we have S· U~- . ch P iropositions (a },W-·.- .". a' y' s b· :e'? ri1f1-g'" in m , in d the

~ ~ ....... .. .. _ _ ,.I. ~ ,\1_ ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ _01',.1., ~ - - (I, ,'" - ~ ~ -- -

foreU:oing"iimitin,g.·. phrases) as the following <> ,it is, advantageous

-~, -,~: -'~--'-:.:" ~,- "'-~-:'" "_', - - _:'" ',--'='-.' "_-.,,,_ .. W,1,_,-: .. :"" '-" .. ~ -',,' ',,~ :.C'.'- "-'

to have tw-o Bishops against a Bishop" and Knight ~ or. a

, • , ,'" --' •. ~ ~ - " - _.'" - ~ ". ,- • - f . .... , '..'- - , ." " ..

:Rook: is strongly posted on. the seventh rank; or, one should be chary about advancing one's Pawns indiscriminately; and the 'I ike -0: '.' f I-C- 0'-' urse £':0'[1'" the strong er pla ver these P ropo . siti ons

.UI, ,ll.Ji.,~_-,~ ......• e- . --' - ~'. ",UlI" _,tl,. ~ u '~. ,- ~ , .. .it.)" , !i,; .. ,~."" ,- . 1"" ' ,,~_' _ ,~.~

tei d tc be "- -fined into -, o····p--·- ,-," -~- '~~d-- .". -'. - J:j, '. »nal . ttin d .' ~

,en'l, oe re __ .... , , __ I '._- m',_re' rec.zsc an .. more,persona a llU __ es,

for the weaker player, 'who has a. less developed faculty) these ,ge~neraIizations, are blunt 'w'e'a:pons", rough and ready aids" But the amateur's great difficulty is that very often he does not even know of these g ... reneral laws !

I: .. '

N--'-" ~ to "-'-',,···;1,··· tlu .. -, .' maider tion .' .. " .. ,_-'t-:II tc the .- ... , "-'-'-" " ",._ ow ,0 app y "esc. consn iera rons concretery 0_ ' re process

of analysing' a given position: this process has two .inter",,· related aspects. To get at the heart of the' position, one

t - ----. h- , 't"-h- ,i, iti ble II th ''''t-· - 'f

-- ". '., " '., ,- ,- '." '.,' '. , .. - - "'1', ' : 'I ': . --,:-,- ,> '! , .. -.- •... - ':' ,," . .-: - --: - I" . ' . - , I' '. . - ' .. " .'. :'''1''

mus gras,p. ow ., JS pOSl.lO.n resem .,., -S au -0 ner ,pOS,II.lo.ns, or

the same general kind, and then one must conclude how the given position dijJ:ers from all others, of the same general kind

F" th - th hl f '~'1 ,', ~ h I ~ ,.;,. I-I

. .' -": . .' ~. " . '. - • '. 'J [- ." ... .' . - ". '.,' . .' . • '.' .' " - '. -., . - • "': - :, -. ,- , '. - .' I'· . . '. ... J' !. .• .• ."....... .. • •. '.

r or . e master, tnorougn y rami tar witt gen.era~ p,nnCl:p,_e8,

it is a, simple matter to understand the generalized character of the po, osition + a' n" d- . I sim ailar "1- , h "8 Q"U'-" - .. e·nc·p. t .. ! '-', 'k- n· "0'" -. -Ied '.: gOA

'V'_:_ :,:,.------::J;;i-_,I,,:< ~'",: ,,'. -1:1,ll.!L-,Y, III ¥Aperl-',c;, ,lU."', 1'"W,I'.:'fIO;'

and his ability facilitate the problem of differentiating the

, :,-0"'--'- itio . .r.,:... . :11]: '. th ; ',' ';'f' c. ... t, - -,~:, -,---.; its ·'-----li~'- :-' . ·t" '-' ~ ,"', - ,....,. ,--.:. :f·:

pSI. aon rrom au otr ers, 0. las :en.1ng on 1,. sauent POillt.,:,;,) 0_.

hunting out all the unique quirks; of sizing 'up the possible difficulties, pitfalls, and technical problems ~ For the amateur, on the other hand, the problem is, one of jnordinate difficulty, Since. he: does not know the g.. 'eneral rules, or comprehends

- _. . ~ . ,,' - -- ~- \.. --". --, ' , .. -', ' - _.

them, only: in a vague wa.y' - the p'.' osition is a sea of confus ~ on .

. _ _ " _ _ _ _ ".. '. .,.,",' . .... " . 1. ,

a blur 'which cannot be' focused into clarity because he Iacks the: knowledge: to put the: position's component factors into clear and accurately proportioned perspective:" Even granting that he may know enough 'of general principles to havre a fairly' good :idea of the nature of the :POSitiOD"; it is, still

ibl d ", d d 1I~k 11 h h "II b I h 'iL.

possrme an' In': eec ~l -- ,ei y ti.· I at '_ ie wil stumn e W· en ne comes

'Ito consider the specific needs of the position.

1:A:rO~,eIr., y' er: if he lacks ? meth dical . -." " ~",": . '. ',- h" 'it th 'e' ' :. ,'I ···b· ·:'1,-,-,

., ,",I., ~""' .... " c.. ' _ _ e_'. ~. ~', " u , . e rlO _- ~c,a ' a ppi oa.c !J.O .'L' p.:ro_,~_ em,

,1INTR.oD'U(IT'ION

vi.i

of finding the right move" he may' not even look, for a general principle; he gropes painfully and aimlessly for what hie hopes will be a" good move, He does, not have some guidin.g idea which, however slight, will carry him along from move to move; but at each turn, must again seek to orientate himself It is therefore no wonder that 'when amateurs do

hi h '. h h ..... d C h

.It on, t, 'e rlg', t moves t I 'cy sometimes ,- ',0 so tor t ae 'VJrOng

reasons=-a dangerous, because undependable, approach to chess, play, One: may' VlGH, say' of :ruany amateurs' games that they are: like those duels in the Foreign Legion which are fought in the dark with each man holding a knife in one' hand and a lantern in the other,

Thus we see- that whereas the amateur has a nerve-wracking problem on every move (that is) if he is conscious of his shortcomings and eager to improve)" the master on the other- han .. :· has a" much easier time of it. His experience informs so much of his play that he sums up' positions int-uitiv,ely. Professor Whitehead describes this state of affairs pithily in his Introduction to- Mathematics when he writes: ,,' It, Is a profoundly erroneous tn - ism rep eared by, all copy-books

". .. I,., - . . - . .. - . - . . . , Ull ,',.. .....,," - - . , ," ...

and by eminent people when they are making speeches, that we should cultivate the habit of thinking of what we are doing, The precise opposite ,is the case. Civilization advances 'by extending the number of important operations which we can perform without thinking about them.'

Th" f - _. _. t fi blush' but h

"'1j'D m ~:qly seem 'a- ran rtasti c n'o- ti 'on- a t IS': t ',;', I rut t iere

,,-"Ll a;"", ,', ,...... .' . . " ',' , ' " . , .,.., _., ,- 'Iu, "

is a great deal of truth in it." People who are learning to swim or to ri,de a bicycle or to use the touch system on the typewriter must indeed think about it and think hard But

'" ' ... - ~ "--, ._" -- -- .. ',~ - ,,' " " .. , - ,- , ,"- ,," ,'. ..

those who have mastered, these activities those who are skilful swimmers or [cyclists or typists-s-they do- not think about it; they "just do it." The great chess master 'who has mastered the- technical requirements for chess, ability} has thus freed his b:rain for the- higher functions of chess artistry which are expressed in exquisite combinations, in

!II'!Ii'1i

VU.l

,INT.RO,DUQTIO,N

profound maneeuvres, .in crystalline end-game 'play which enchants us 'With, its 'economy of means,

The chess master" no matter how great his aptitude, had to go through a painstaking apprenticeship which made it: possible for him to size up posi tions, to weigh possi bilities, to detect flaws and to ,see through traps-e-to do all these things intuitively, If he ~had to look at each position as if it were the only one of its kind" if he had no backlog of experience he would be in the position 0' f: ", a ma n W" ho 'sets' 0' ut to

..... ",iII.,.;" ","", " __.Il..- "~, "" ,,;;t _I;..mt', ':. '.' '",' ,', , " r,'",,", ',"', .,'., ",

demonstrate all the propositions of Euclidean geometry without knowing the basic axioms and postulates ; he- would, in short, be ,in the position of the vast majority of chess amateurs,

1:1

'The object of this 'book is, therefore, to enable the student to find out very rapidly and easily what he ought to look for in his games;, and to school himself to disc-over his weaknesses and to eradicate them, One of the most exasperating' trials of a' 'W,· ate urs £0',1'" example is tha t th i'ey·", are ',',-: e x .c e -edln gly 'P",'f',O' 'n&!;;

.' - .. '---- ,Jl"', . " ~",", ~ ",_" . !Ii. , ", "'" '.. vti .. , ,0" ,~ .. ,,,,"

to. make oversights or to overlook the 'best continuations .. 'This book therefore calls attention ,again and again to this fault, There can 'be no doubt that once the reader has been exposed to such an extremely' intensified preoccupation wi th specific kinds of blunders, he will be on the look out for these ; mistakes in his own games,,,

It will 'be useful for the reader to be clear from the very , beginning about the poin 15 which will be stressed in this book-

(I) Always strive to- avoid oversights. They are an everpresent danger, Before every move, take "'.a last look around ;"

tc ,." T.: rt i th ,t ,-- h: , 'I. ft , thir , 'p -" 'T' h-' ,.

:,0 mase cer ai_u" at YOU' ave err no ·lll.,g en >;,rlSe., I, ;,'18

,may sound like a. laborious pro,cess, but with practice it wil I. come very rapidly-c-as in the case of the master, ,it will become second nature ..

INTR.ODU(fI10:N

IX

(I' '1") "i("'\ ...... ', '·t 1···" the fi"" ""', .".,' .h ... . " . . mtr . '.,' h ... d

:~. "'. .t.>un I , play ,- i Ie r rst move t at 'co.mes m .. .0 your . ea."

F' . h h ..... ~ h ( ~ d b-E' ) d

. irst see w ... et ier 1.'1 .IS an oversig ... it tas mentioned ·tii-ore and

then see whether it fits in with the general demands of the

~ ~ Th~' "'i" • ~ h ..

posinon, t rns too" WII,} come: easier to' you 'WIt., practice,

(III) Keep a, sharp eye ,on the Pa'\-VIl position" It will be

f . h heln to vou in ei ,~ hi f' b -1

o tne greatest . eip to you in g'"lvin.'·g: you mts '0: tne atent

. • . '. . . ~ l~ . , ,. . _ :. '_ . ,'. _ __ _ ',' . J _ _. _.. .. ••• _ • • _ _. _. •

ib ili .,.' ,. f '.' thi hat

POSS1': umes m your ga,m.e, 0.. suggestmg tr mgs t :~: t can or

ed b d d'" ddi .' .. "''i11l1 '.. di h ~

ne to oe aone; anc in a, ' ,ltlOO;,lt will In" reate the P05SJ.-

bilities available to- your opponent .

. (IV) Try as early as possible to formulate a. plan-s-not a

d.. f h '. b ~ h'·'

gran iose or ar ... reacnmg one, but just enougr to give you

something to go on, If you, try to have a general view of the situation, duly modified from move to move as circumstances

h 11 '"U b th d · bl

c ang'e, your p,J[ay wu oe strengi ~ i eneo immeasurao y ..

T" ik "I ,"', b the ", ,.," 'I: ,': ,", ,,', t h" "" , ... ' l' .", t'" ,d he I' , 'to he . '. ,e;", !'-

a"e·n 'v.· ... emse ves as ,',' .ey are ,15.e rere, nese tour

~ 11 L han steril I .. d

POllt.,. s may wen appear to ne no more t , .an s terre :p: antuc es.

But the author will hammer away at them again and, again. in the book, and the student can expedite his. development

b . I hi, s: Ii '.. f h . '!' l'

Y' constantty sea rc [ 'lng ror ap'p .icatrons 0':: these prmcipies.

III

I believe that this book is the first in the history of chess literature to, 'be made up exclusively of amateurs" gam.es., and an explanation is, therefore in order. Many players have often complained to me that while they greatly enjoy playing

h d .c d h .... L,::.... '

over master games, t .ey ~'o· not nno t,' . at this strengthens

their game appreciably, I believe that this is quite 'true, the reason being, of course, that the masters; games abound in, play which is so complex and subtle ,; they exist in . .so rarefied an atmosphere (fr-om the amateur's point of view] that there is relatively little in them 'which can 'be: of use to the amateur from a didactic and pedagogical standpoint.

The present 'book is therefore an endeavour to help the' aspiring amateur 'by giving him just the kind of games that are played by himself and .. <his circle of intimates. In the

X·

:INTRODU'CTION

,

f thi .. · b k h d ill' I fi- d '';' &,,,,,, T... f

gamea or mia neos t" e reaaer wr ~~ no many ID-.lS,l.a.LeS '0,: .

Just the kind that are repeatedly committed by himself and

Ia f 1L.~' 'll!'b '1."" h ,,,., desi h 1 1L..

P yeB or Ius calibre. it IS t e wrrter S., esire to r e1p tne

d b .. ·1~1·· ~. tho ,', tak b I ..

rea er ,-y contmu .. a. y pomtmg out .' nese mlS.';'\i,',es,y· explain-

., th II' bv traini hi id th d lng tneir naturey by trammg .. rm to avon tnese errors and

to exploit them w:hen. made by his opponents.

In this h d ~11 nl ~ h'" 1:_ ... ·

rn tms 'way therea ler 'WI,i" not o'y mcrease ms ptaymg

, h ide bl b h '·'IJ be i ' .. "', to d .'"

strengtn consic era '. '.y" out r I e wni ne m a position to derive

both P ileasure and. mstruction from, the beautiful games of

! " ••

the great masters, .

As further assistance 'to the student, thegam,es which comprise the bulk of the volume have been supplemented, by

b f di d nosi ". fro al l' ~ h

a Dum er or c lagra'mm.e positions rrc ill actus p,iay, in u e

study of which he may obtain additional practice in the evaluation of puzzling situations,

I·V

..... :.

This 'book W;'a5(. I·s:p··e· cifica lly writ .. ten "1" w·'·'·,·l ... ·t·h, 'Ii,.i!;ta:: '-r' ,C .. .ondit '1"'0 .. :·ns- .. : .. , in i

. . ·w. . . w , ••• .1='1 ... L "1""'-' __ - ~. -.' ',' I .• [ 'f,,."j .. j &-.1 ... &.... ~ . ,',

view, With leisure more: of a luxury than ever, it has become essential to enable the novice to attain a fair ,d,egree of playing ability and genuine enjoyment in a much shorter time than ':

'uJd- 'h b ~". '1"' . "',' Al'" th

wou I aave neen necessary In earner times .. Although the

k ~ 'II' 1:'1 .' d did than si

wor; was onginany conceived an, pi anne: more tr an SiX'

~ 11~' d id b '~'b' I' ""I

years, ago, Its compretion "'1'. not oecome pOSSJ,'., e unn

v;e.ry recently, But I believe that the book could, not have appeared at a more appropriate time for helping more people I to savour the keen enjoyment that chess offers to its devotees.

FR,ED ,REINF,ELD.

NEW YO'RK, :1942 ..

1'~'!':T~:no ·OD'J'~'~I!if.O'· . .oN'· .

, ,~~ ~_"~,,. ",~_ ·UIU,A.I .' .' __

..

•

ii,

P:AGB, 'V

. ,C····: 0'" " N·:· ,c. 'T:' -. E: ~~ N':,,· IT" .~, s:

". '.~: ' .. ',.:."'. ,~' '. I" " ..... _ ~ .~<

.I .. KIN'G"'S, ,P,'A'WN' OP:ENIN(~' (IRREGULAR) l[, KING'~S P,A,W,N QPEN:ING (IR'UGULAR)

.'

,iii' 9 I
4
. ' .. .
• ,. ,
8
'. 'i! J: 2:
to ... 1,6,
I' • :20
~ • 23
ill· I!- '27
• t 3 :[
c·
35
I~ • ,"'1
"" ..

I'V'··'·:"C'. -G·.······.·'I1J,".,c:·,o··'· P' I'A,···,M'O'·· .

__ '", ~ . :......... .- . ",' !.!I.","II!. ," ill·

' ..

...

'V'I 'QUEEN':s G,A.MBIT DE'CLINED VIc") CENTRE CO'ONTER GAMBIT VII~ S'IC_ILlA'N DEFENCE ~

Vl]]~, Rnv L,OP:E,Z,~ ' ..

...

..

IX,~ IN,DJ'A'N ,DEP,ENCE

' ..

~,

X, E,NGUSH O'P,ENENG ...

AN-S"'"W'" 'E""'R'-:"S':

.' .. ' '. ~ '~ . '-..' . ~> 1 :, . "

j,

:PAG£ LBO,N
,39 . VI.
,iI! ' ..
!Ii, 44 'VII. :
!Ii 49 VIII. ..
!II 54 IX. ..
!Ii, 59 ,X~, .' .'

•

~A,O'!,

63

66,

II~, ..

I:II~ ~ IV~, .

'V~ '.

II!!I

I~

..

70 76 80

I~

..

•

C'H""E" s s

I ", ' "

: ._', ,:.' .... ,'~' ,-' ... >'

F-: '0' '. 'R' c,: AC, 'M:' .. ' ~ A·"" T' E' ,- .. , U""" 'R':" S

: [i [ - " ", ,', . . " [. • - , ': .... -'.

'. '.'. r I',.. .' . ',' :-, .' .. ' .... -. ': I

'. ,-. I . 1 ...: :........... •• w .' .:... --= l ,- I' ", ~ . ',.- ....

HO"W"-'~·'; 'T" '0,',·":: I>'Mf '··-P'···R-:--'.' Q,···"V·"'E:' vo u R~" G,"':cA'-> 'Mr/:·E:l:

',' ',' "; t_' ,', "~.' .: '.- ',;l .' , : ":.': ,,','. ,- - ........• .'- .r .~,.' ','. ,",' . ',', '.:_~

LESS,ON I

-'

Tms is obviously' a contest between. two near ... bf'gin.ners.. Both

players drift aimlessly, neglect their development; no move stands in a logic a] relati ons hip to- its predecessor or sequel,

'While 'these players cannotbe expected to produce any better chess than is warranted 'by their limited experience and knowledge, the gamemay nevertheless serve asa horrible example of planless play, Some of lIS "p,Ia:y thar 'badly, but we' are ,probably too preoccl~pie:d during a g(J;1lUJ' to realize just how bad such moves are. Hence this game give-s us the: 'proper 'per, ... spective, and makes 118 understand the need for improvement,

KIN--c~C' , 'C'-G""'S- I 'P'A" WN" O' "'PEN'" "(N'" :G' ('" I}

, " ." , ,",'. , ,.:.'. " ", . '" " I'.'. '.', " ·.l~~.ln·~·'-']-!' ar 1

: ':" u.. L", ','_' ',--.,1 I, .... :.: '.::.._, _ ,.,' ~ _~_.',,. .;-. " I .. .l.Jl.\J"O,""; ", ',:'

W'H'rr' ,'E,··

__ '-l. .

- ,p,-, "U'.,

. I '-~:A~:

BL' :.A.IC-C·K',:·'

- ''';'''''''''-''-

P~K,S

(a) What would you say is the purpose of this move, and

it.. d 'B1 iek ch ;" '. d C' P 'W A '?'

wny does .·,,lac .,::1 oose It anstead 0·,,, ~ + l:~~~ .. <I, '., ~

2 P~4 P-IQ.B3

(b) Comment on this move, ,

's K.·.·:·tl ~KB:··;9 ·K,··:·'·t~B'3·

_. I _.., '';''1 ,~ .. '. : .'-' . ',' .

(e) Suo g"", gest altern natives

_'_"> -,._>.,., .. - .... J C:klJ!~" r ••••• y. ~ .. iI

(d) How should the text be answered ?'

4,B=KKtS: " ' . ,

(8) Is this 'best? ' :,

4 '. '. :.i'

5 B=KB4:

(f)Com,me:l1t?

'.

Kt-Rg, '

2;

t"'IH-- a,iIi!;iIZi' ''l':!'O--R A"UI'A'-T~TTDc!

I~- ~"~ '';:-'':0.1:' ~~'I' •• ~v.,~

(I) Comment on 'tb1s move in, :its general strategical impr,cations and :its s: ~·ecific, value in. 'this position.

6~B4-

I._l

(It) [Same question as' the previous one ...

6· .. I",., P~q4

(:1) State the [o'b}ectio:n to' ~ .. ,~ Kt X P,

7"_, R __ n~ ~~

(j) Is, this best?

c,' .' . ."

'V .... --p[' ~.'X·I ..

(Ie) Should Black, have played , ~.

a 0"· [0-"-

, ':" .~ ... I.,:

"D -K'~t----·--'h-·' ,,. . stes d') Ii u-"-! 5C-,)- 11lSl.iJ_ ,

,K~Kt5

(I) Comm,ent~

9 KI~K5

(~-) ,Exp1ai.n "y'by this move is useful and suggesit a feasible

alternative. ,

10 ~Kt4

'0[0- W·' iI"'!,'-.'M D- 'iII' ,A""'1E.i" D'iE!<'II._I;ii"\V,iU;'!I:', n·.·.·. ~nlI' ,~l~l!!i ~v·.,~

'THE PRESSURE ON HIS KKtP?

BL"CI(,

1,0 Iii, ", ,.

Q. ;}!

(8) :L1OSel) outright. Show 'how Black lean ward off the attack, .

rr ~&t6clJ 12 Q.--&,eh

I ~I ·:K.t-B~. mate

r~ 41,

'El" U' ..... ,~~~:

It <13'-

.. ,.', ,

~. ".,.,

- --_. '.

LESSON'II

HERE Is another ,ga'm,e which is almost as 'bald as the 'first" These players are more familiar with the need for development, and, even take some tentative: steps in that direction. But their play is still, deplorably ill ... judged,

The most serious kind, of mistake that one finds in the following ga,me is neglect of capturing opportunities, It: has to be emphasized 'unceasingly' that at every single movie: a. player's most fundamental task is to ascertain wnetiu:t any'

force on eitlu.r side, is liable to capture~ The present ,game, with its numerous and glarin,g missed opportunities, should impress the reader 'with the need of turning this examination into an automatic, matter-of-fact playing trait.

I

'KIN·' 1,.':' 'G, '" "'S' P"A" WN: " 0:' ·P:"1I7'~fiBl"G·(~"· (ir iF",llI;'g. rul ar)

,_', .... I . ,,' .. ' . ,_ ~"u" "I' ~",-", .. ' ,

WHITE j P~K4

2 :p~<t3

(a .'.' ) ..... :,.. Co: mmen .. t· '0' fi th ':"I"'S" m , O"V' ;0;

.1·'I·.:} . .I..JLJ!,l..r. .. ' .. : - .. ·:AJll [:- . .1;_-> _I_! ... _.···_·~II!!I

B, .. "

, ,LACK

P 1Lj,

,2 ... ,Ii-

Kt~Q.B3

'U" B'" ,

... t~'3,

3 Kt-f!Ba 4 'B-Kt,5 ..

(b) W,hat would be the. argument in favour of ,P~'B4 at this point?

p~O.q - .~ ~

~Kt,5

(c) What value [does this move have?

6 ' • ., • ~K'2

7 :B-K2

(·,.,'.·.·d, ... ,·')~.:., I'· tho '~. .. ...,~ . "~ t . 'k" '1;)' 'R' t:

.. ;s .. ,' IS movie a rmstaxe : , .... eason tor your .anS,'Vrler'Ii'

7· 0_" o

, .' 'il ,It =-'V

'. .

. (.IID." ·W·-·: :h',"'a." :t-' would 'y" '0"-' ' 'U" 'h ave pla ·,y:·ed',·· linstead dofthis 'm····'····o···'n~;?

.. ~), ... -:11-0,""." •••. ,:': ... ",,'.,'., ."',.1, _._,',.1. ~""._,_.'., .. ', .... ." ... I .• ,.I.&'&..:J,~. _'_ ".), _,"_J, '~' 1,_ ·-..:.yl~~ ..

. .

. ~,ESSON' 'II'" ". .

- - -",. • I •

. . .--

8 ~",-, 0'-

". '.

1_ "'. ," •••••

. .

":.: .

."

I.

, .

. '. ..

. (I) Comment on this move in relatiorr to- the '. 7th moves .",

on each side . -' , . . - ,.' ' .. '. ... .. ' ': ' ..

=::: ': '8·. '...",". ':." p':"os' .' :.:,

(,;) .:Wh'y does Black decide against ,8 ~. .~. ~ , K t X Kt .", • '?

.. . .... ···9··(t~Q2· ." . . .

, . (hjWh~t 'would you have play~ i~tead of this mo~e?,; .

. ' - '. ;9' • .,' .'. .. :. . . :Kt~Qs.. " ' .

(i) . Has,",Bla,c~ .anything 'better '?

. -

. - :'" :-. . < .: .' WkAT 'OBV1,om :M:OVE' .:iL4. W' ..

. B- '-o.:l'T":t:,j;': ~'--L_A~~'oQ '0' vsnr, ,10'-': 0' UP'D' ~

I -e ', .:~'~-~ ~-'[L .n . .J;.[IVI.~ ", . 'y~-, .' ,.i."'L.l[J, ··rjl 'I

'B:UCK

· .

.'. .. .

. : . . ~.. . i I' I'

'. - .... I.. , ..

. .

, ' .

· . '. .. .

. '

• I •• I .'

.' . H!'UI'l:'r"';";

~ ' ... - . 'fLo!. •. A

• I. -.

(Position after' 9 ... " ~',~ Kt-(~:5)

. . :-". IO :P~~3 ..

. .' (:- ~)" C",,' ,-' -'t?' . : ... "J" , '-omm,en,',~-,~-

:. • 'I . .'... •

. .

1'0 '" ,-" .". .

~ '. • ... .. ,. I •

II Bx:B

. .

. .: :(:"k-,:')'" ':'W,,'-~c T'I' Kt.x Bch ben ~'r''--'?'

· .' ':': .,' . ,"oJ' ~ ':' __ ", :" __ '" ,_ '," ,L e .

B:x'Kt

- ~ . 'r 'it' .

.... .,.,l£, ..

. .

'. :12' :P XJ{f.· '

KK-- .

1.3 ;-:-, ,-" t2

K Bc'h

. . '."' .

t:x~ __ ,·,',,·. _

P , '8''-

,:'X,' ~,

..

,. .

• ',' I • : ••

, ,

.' .. :', ' ' ..

• • I • I :.

~ .: :

~ .

. .

, ,

" ....

6;

.

,....\.~'C',~~' ~'O'R AMA' ·..",V.'UD ~ ~~ ..... -, ,. - .. ~-~. !A:A:.!. ~

(I) Should .not Black :playI3. QxP in. order to get at least a Pawn for the piece '?'

. -.J~) . What is the objection to guarding the Pawn at

KK.l4? _,

14 K,····t·,,··K;-·3··

"- Ii] " -'~~'-~:':--' ".,'."

..

(n)' Similarly 'what is the objection to capturing the K'K'tP

,: ... .'.I., ... .-I,~,.~ .. 1_ "." '-';.." '--. ,,' .. : .... >_ .. -' ... : .. , t • -C_':- 1 ..... _, ',--,.,.

after ,Kt.X Bch ~ ~ .~,

1:4 '. '. .'

:I: 5 'P-'(t4

(o) What is the best way of answering this move:'?

1.5 ., • •. X_Pi X'P

16 Qx,P P~B4

'p."-'Q4:.

" .. "

" ,

. -...:.

('p) W,hy does Black avoid ][[6 .' '" .. " p X P 'j, .. ,.,?

17 Q~Q2

(q) Why was 17 'Q-:-Q3 preferable?

17' • .•• P-Q5

(r) W-hat do you. suppose is. Black's reason foravo.iding

. P -p- ') ..

'iIi ill III . 'X .... : .• ~ W' ~;'

J: 8 Kt ...... K*4 Kt~14: '

19 R---RJ Q-:-Qg

20 Q-R-KIP-Ktt

2 ]IKt~K5 Kt-Bsch

(s) Is this. move as strong as It ,looks?

2:2 KccKt:1

(t) Consider alternatives.

n,o

"" .i;;; ,. ... ..

~23Kt='Q3 24 P--:KS, ..

25: K' i, :t-: X"'" 'K,' -Jt.'

26 QxBP' '2'7 P~K14

7

(u) What is the object of this move?

28 P~B,:J P-Kt5

:29 :R-K4

(v) Wbat is the objection to this. mo ve , both on specific and general theoretical grounds?

LESSON III

'B-' h' .... reac h ed the st agA where b oth , la yers

,'.y now we" av'e ~"" ,.!,.:,'",,: . ,~.!, .. 1..,,"l',,:i .' ;.': ,~l. p,L: ... '~~:.:ao~;j,.

wha.te~er the disparity in. their abilities, take the need for development for granted" I t is true that 'White has by no

d h'· h II b , .

. means mastere t· 13 concept, as ne generally ~,"'rlngs out

pieces at the wrong time (7 .. Q:-B2 .?) .~:nd. ofte:n .~~ not pll ts

th '., .. " th ..... , -ron g" squar es (the la ter B:-K, ·'t·S· ?,). But Black

them on, e '\\i.,., .. "', .• """ .,~,' '~ .. '." . ," .... ", '.'!.:' ',' .;.' 1!l;,J,\.",

on the other hand, shows us in. a very simple and i mpressive

'\Ivay the; effectiveness of well-planned development. ,

Note how every Black developing move is satisfactory, in the- sense that he is not forced to conclude subsequently that he should have played a piece to some other square; note bo W" '.: eve ry P ieee accornp Iishes some useful task sooner or

, ... ~. . ' ',' ., . .' '. .' -" -' - .. . ,. ,\ - . '. - - -~. [ . - ' , .. " - -' - '_. , ,

- later; note how Black castles fairly early in the game}. and his King is always s:ec1U,re-\¥her-eas White; never castles and his King is finally in danger; note how \Vhite:~s faulty developmen! eventually leads to strategical weakness es, whereas Black's impeccable development not only avoids weaknesses,

b 1 ... ..,., fi" . kl .• ·b·'l~ · Such f· h

ut aiso comers attacking POSSfl itles..·uc:"~,. are some 0' t ne

marry be-nefits of superior development.

Two other features of this game which deserve careful study are: (I) the theory of weak squares, exemplified by the: state of vVhite:'s white squares after his KB· departs ; (2) the need for conducting a won g'ame with all the exactitudeand all the: loving care that were lavished on buildiJzg .u"p that "von position !

8

EN'GLI;SH OPENING

WHJTE BL,ACKo

I P-Q.1:J4 Kt~KB3

:2 :P~KK~ P B ~

--J. ·~·'3

3 Kt~QB,3 ,--

.. ,Fo!~· rea.~onsl that will soon be ap'pare nt, this move is, out .. . of 'place in the' contemplated fi.anchet.to system. A, better

course was 3·'· .B-K't'2 and if 3 . P-Q", 4'· .• , 4" P-'Kt3···

~r· .. "~' '.. .' '. • 'II ",," '" '.,c,', ',.' . "'.'.'''' ..•

3·~· P~4

, ,

LESSO,N nr

9

( ) . H d' h . '1 h 'W' 'h ~ ;. ~ ,. .c. l' .... a, How I, oes t IS reveai t:, . .at, ute 8 Iastrnove IS rau ty r

,'4'~XP ,'" ,

(b) Why does White decide against ~n immediate 4 P-'Q4""

and why does. the text have a favourable effect on Bl: ck's

development ? ' ' ,

PxP, 'p'"" ' , ,. ~K-;J'

. ...~

, (c)' 'We. hav1e' a lready learned that SIUC.~ moves .must be

.. '1' .: .. ~ .. d " . .... . ·1 .. her th " . ";'" d' t' 'bll· 'k; . B'··," h· ., .. ," d" ~ .. 0" , , al ~

P aye:, s.p~ln,g y 'v,!~n c, ,ey rene to I '.[lOC' a msnop s cuagonai

,"".;h'y then doesn't Black postpone 'the text in. favour of 5 '.' " ,., ,;-

'DB" ,.? .

J:)"-:4 '. '. .,~

, 6',· 'K·,···,t B"'~",

.. ,'r.""-",3

, "7" :n~ 'D __

o _ • .:.. :" ~.'iC;~""'" .

" 4'·'~·'

, ' ,':5 P-'Q4

n',-,K:tS'"

'~J ,I"

(d' )" "W··':"h,",'", e.; th ..... . .. ' ' .. la ',' ··d··: ., ,. ·d· '. -h' .' t' ',. ":ld" ,- ,',,", .' ,,. ,,', V',:', "','-Y IS t is move p,ye, ano W" a WQU<,_ yo~ suggest

as .a.' p1referable alternative? . , '

, 7 '" 'ilo ill '.

, .

(e) W,hat is, the' two-fold, ,purpose of thismoveP

. , ·8':: p', :-Kg.,:, ' .' .,' , .

. .. ,-iI I I •

, ~.

(£) Can 'you .see why this move is. w'ea'kening'?" Note that

it 'is the result, to a certain extent, of W,hite" s 7th'inove.,

',:; .. :;,.' :. B ., ',~.~ ". " "~K2 .' '

'9 B--.'Q.2 '. ." . .: ' :

, ,

(g), :What would 'be a more effective "\lvay' of, continuing

W~ite:'s. development i'

9,· " .. "

, ' . "

'B-" '~':'2-'

.... ..1 .....

'. '.'

, (h)Wh:y is this' move stronger than 'the CO}[T~spondin;~' move just made by White:?

'. ,10 ~;B,~",,". .: ' " QR-BI .

(i) W'ho has th.~: stronger position on. the QB file?

I.E' Kt-qu.4 :" , , .', , 'Q,~<tl:' '

:, .. '12 :B-Kt5 '

":'!Ii'. l" '... • " .. ': : iii - -. .. • ill I • '. '. ~ • • , -

,'. (J) Evidently an,' oversight, for how IS Whllte to" meet

,i:~~' " ,0" Kt xP "," '~ ... ?', Aside from that, whatisthe strategical

significance of the' text? '

0-·0, .. ···',

' '{ ,2 ., ~ ~, _ .

CHES'S F'O.R A..i\lA TEURS

(k) Does, this involve any threat? 1.3. Kt~B'5 14 PxB,

(1) 'What is the 'drawback to this, move? Is 1:4' QX B, better?

BxKt

1:4 • .. '.

. P-Q,RS

(ID) This appears to 'be waste of time. Why not ~ .. ~ P...",14 at once"?

15 B-<t3

(n) Evaluate the alternatives, 15 B-K2 and. 15 B X Kt,

15 • • • P~14

(0) Threat? Relate this move to YOlO previous answer.

][6 B-BS

(':p)' Should he: have played ,B-,K2' instead of the 'text? : I ,')

16 •• .. P:...K5

17 BxB

(q) 'Would I:7 Kt-Q4 have been preferable?

I7 .' '" • 'Kt:xB

IS Kt-Q.4Kt( 2}=K4

(r) The threatening position of this Knight shows that W.bite"'s play has been faulty in what respect'?

1'9 K-K'2

(8) 'Yould, ,19 0-0 have 'been better? The fact that White has .not 'yet castled at this late stage indicates that several of his moves were waste of time. Whlch earlier moves of his would you, select as the most wasteful" which 'could have 'been replaced more usefully by castling?

19 •• • ~Ba

(t) What is the object of this move?'

20. P-J14

(u) Would 20 KR~BI have' been better?

2'0 6 '.. , ,: p X P ,e'.p,.c'h

2IK---':B,1 K.t xKt:

22 P'xKt Kt~B3:

2'3 <t~Q:3, Kt:xP

LESSO'N III

II

(v) Why is this somewhat risky, in comparison to the alternative 2.3. .. • '. ,', QX: P · '. ,,,?

2'4 ::s....U3 '. R X :P'

. (w) ,A mistake, What 'was. the correct move'?

. .

How CAN 'W.HlTE TORN'

,~ 'T'A,',':t'io':t',~'e-'?

~~, ... ~~.

BLACK.

W:'HITE,

(Position after 24 ~ ~ ",) R, X' P)

:25 BxKt (x) .Is this best?

:~5 .' ,.,' II .

. 26 K~B2

R,xReh· R,,-B7Ch

. (y) What was a more exact move?

:27 Q,xR Q,:xBch

'2B Kx:~' :P~B'4

. 29 R~'Q.I

( ) Thi ho: "Wh' '.,,. ~ b ?

. ,z.,.', ~ ,:15 s,. ortens ,','.:_,jtes resistance '.eca~se ~ ;; ....

2'9 • • a . . ·'(!;.Ksch,

go Q.XQ BP'XQ~

,

. 'White resigns, as hie, is helpless against Black's material .

iii iii •

superior; ty,

. ,

LESSON· rv

. .

Il _ ... _

IN this ganl\,e we approach the point where development becomes generally, but not always, purposeful, An. important

C '. h h ~ , . th p"~' ' . , ~ eli' 4'

reature is t , . e emp asis on " '. e awn structure as, an, In' ication

of the future course of the game, .. It' is the Pawn configuration which emer,ges out of the opening play that tells the master how to foresee, how toplan, how to proceed; and .... 'what

to avoid,,..· .

. .

As 'MIl be seen, neither player fully exploits his chances

once- the critical stage .is reached. (f)nce' again we stress this vital point: when you feel. that' victory' is within 'your grasp,,, you must not relax; but on. the' contrary, 'you, must strive for greater accuracy and vig:out, than, in even the' previous

part of the game. .:' . '.'

- • I':

. . C'

:' GIUC:O' PIANO .

; I

WHl1.',E . ]I' 'Pi. ~1l" ..

~ , . ~ ~

2 Kt-:'KBa 3 ~B4

4- Kt~B,3

5 P~Q3

Bl~AGK, P~~, "'Kt~IQB3 B-B4. '.

Kt~~,3·. r .

•. . ,.' I:

(;I) 'What kind ofga.~,e' is likely to evolve :from this position,'? .

5· . P. : "'~KR,I .•...... '3'-"

" ..... '

-. • i"

..

I' '.' •

(b)

'W,hy' does Black play' this move P Is .it necessary P

,. .

6- 0--0 . ".: P~Q;3,: .

7 Kt---:Q.5,

(c) What .do you think of this, 'move" which; ifyou recall; was also played in G~,e No, 2? Wha.t 'was .a suitable alter ... · ..

,native?' . ,

K,t,X::Kt

, LE;SSON IV'

(d). W'as 8 P X Kt preferable '?'

. " .. '. ._ . .' '. .~. . ; I.':~' .~. ~ . ~. "'." . /II

8

,~,. '" '" .'

'9'BXB

(e) What valuable advantage does this ,give Black P W,h,at 'move would therefore have been preferable fo,rVVhite'?

p' B~'"

, 9 ..... ,~ ,:cX '

10 P~qKt3

(') Wh'y is this, move quite out of place ?'

10 - •• '. O~,O

1: I B~Kt2 Q;-;B3

(g) What is the object of this, move,' both in, its immediate

~ c:;r. t ' -d it 1, ",'."" ~~ ~'fi' " " ,

enect an ",' - us song-view signmcance r

, 1'2' Q;"": 'K"2'

, . -=r. ..

. . ... ,......: .. e. .

P'~~J4"

i " .

• -.- .. : .. 1· .. · ,

-, (b.) 'C:anyo-u see how this move might prove useful, despite the fa .. ct that Black never follows. it up' in the ga~e?

13 P B3 ' '.

(i) 'What is :W,hite aiming for, and why is the contemplated, move necessary?

I3 ., 'Ii •

'V' R' .n..- ',2

(ji) W,hat does, this. move accomplish? Could Black have'

proceeded differently?' '

]['4 Q-h

(k) 'Two reasons why this- move is useless, Better was . ?

n~K*", '~ ... .,.

, .

(I}., Threat '?

15Kt~14 16 P-Kt3

. (~) WO'pld .it not be' better to play Kt- .... B3, avoiding any

weakness in the Pawn structure? ' .

, . ][,16 ' •• 4' R~B5?

\.

14 . (0)

. . ... .

·CHESS· FO.R AMA..T.E·URS

A· mistake· as will be: seen. .. , Indicate a. better course.

. .". .. : . .. .. '. -." ~

17' ·R-BI:·.. ..

18' Kt~Kt2'

,OR···-KB· ; 'I· .

~. .

(0) W~at other could have 'been played? Is it as,' good as the text? .

CAN :Br.ACK .. SAVE "HIS

AD·'· . " R· ····1 VANCED .'. OOK •

. BLACK:

I .

-, '

. .

. WHITE .'.

. .

(p .... ' ..... 6 8 K' K )

'. ' OSI bon, at "'N :I.' :~, .. .t-~,' .12.. .

18 .... .,

. 19 RxR

(p) How would 19 B X Q be answered? .'-.

1'9 ' •.• '. RxR

20 P-(t4 . .

Rx"'P'

". . ":", .. :

How would play' proceed after: 2'0 B .:x Q" etc .. ~· .

2:0 '. • .• ;R,x·Q ..

2;1 B'x:'Q,.· rxp .' .

2'2 PXP .

'.

C- ) This . .'. . .~' . . . " .....

. ~; ',-::~. should . lose' quickly, butiwould 2',2 ··B-B·I. .or

. "22 Kt~KI offer satisfactory defencesP

, . 22 ., • '. KtxP' .

LESSON IV

(8) With the formidable threat of '. ~ ~ Kt X P dis ch or ' ... Kt ...... B6ch. Neverthelessr the text is not the most exact continuation, because ~ ~ ,,?

2'3 B-Q.8?'

(t) Missing the 'best. line, which was .. ,~ '.?

2,3 • ~ • Kt-B3 dis, clJ.

24, K~BI: R~B7,ch

25 :K~KI R,xKt

Resigns

LES,SiON'V'

'W:HE'REAB ,th,e future trend of the previous game 'was. determined by' the exchange of Bishops on the 'ninth move, here the' 'basic outlines of the present game are. clearly indicated as early as Black's second move! Unfortunately, both players overlook the: valuable hints that are signalled b·y this move, 'with the result that neither player adopts the strategy which

his, position calls fat"

Later o:n~hO'w'ev[er,. this purel y stra tegical rna tif becomes intertwined with a tactical weakness in White's position, .. 'When the latter fails to eliminate this weakness, the first result is that Black achieves his ,strategical obje;ctcive by taking advantage of White's tactical weakness, '\¥llen 'White thereu,pon still fails to remove the weakness in his gam,e, ,it is thereupon exploited in tactical fashion, A most instructive ga .. me.

QUEEN"S G.AMBIT DE,C,L,INED

w

," [:[ ,

H.ITE

IKt~KB3 2 P-,B.4

3 P-Q-4

.BLACK P_IO ..

, ~~'

P-K3 Kt-KB,:J

(a) Many years' experience with 'this variation has shown that. Black obtains a sa tisfactory position with i.t. N everthe .. ·

'11 'B'l 'k'" d immedi II di ' , ..

,less,. i.,' ac '-.' s seconcrmove imme ia tety frrects our attention

to. what vital strategical problem?

4 ~Kt5 5 Kt, .B.3"

6 P 'K

. ~:'-'-3

7 Q;-B2 a. B-Q3

9B"X"'P'

", .. ' "' .• I

'D V',._"" ~I

QKt~-q2 :P"":B3 ~O' Px:P'

'R K'-'

, I, '

'_,-",':-, '.1

'LESSON V

("b),'. Since Whi.te": manifestly has .. , a freer positi -, Black's

"',' "" _, " __ """ _ """ _ _ _ ',' """" l.~" v-...,1 _lon" _ ,~,iU¥ S

Policy': should b-,-e? This, would Iead to the solution of

" "" " """ '," " ."" -"- ,., , so, U,d._ . ,

, h I,' [hi " '" d ] h ~ ... . ill '

tne 'pr'o,":"em mennonec In, t ie 'preVIOUS question m what

manlier? """'

O 0,

10 - • ,'.",'

(e) Black could still free: himself with . ~ ~ I?,

1':1 Q.,R~BI Kt~B,1

('d' ') Thi '"" inf 4' b

II'," I-~l~ .. · .. -,'-, :--,.· .. ·.··~ .. : .. ,._.I .. · -:':-,"''-':,' ~"-"".

, '," ,IS is I .erl.or _ ecause .

h '0' ' 1"'" ed '

,I,I,ave p'_aye " ~, 4,"

12 :Kt~:K4

4' ,.? Black should, therefore

( e ). And this is Incorrect strategy because ~ ~ ~? Hence W'hi.te should have played ~ "' ""?

');:2 ... • 4'

13, :B,xB

. 14, O "xKt

'I ~

Ktx:Kt Q,:x::B :B-Q:2

ff) The effect of 'W'hite's reth move: has been ~

N evertheless Black is still saddled with what diffic.ulty?

15, :KR:-"""Q:I ~R~I

1:6 P;-QRs :8-BI,

1: '7 B-'·8:2: :K....:R,I

18 Q.-B4

'IA.'lh th '-b· f h I ,i h ideP "··.·,at 'was t re 0: "~,ect, 0_' tne tast moves on ertr er 81-:_(l:'~·

" 18. '.' .' :Kt-:,Kt3,

:1:9 Q;"Kt:J P~:,B,3

'?'

ill iii iii

( )'

g.,.',

, ,

(b) The object of Black's strategy is, to free himself with either .. ~ ~ ,P~:K4 or ~, ~' ~"P~QB4~ Could he, have played either move Just: now'?

2:0 :B-Kt.I, ,Kt;....B,,(

21 :R~B5

(i) 'W,hat do 'You. think of this move?

/

... 18

CH:E:SS FOR. .A·iMA:.TEURS·

....

. (j) Do you think 2 I P~:Rs, should. have been played '?

. ~'.' : Could Black have played ,21. .. ~, ,"" P~,K4) or 2 I .'. .",

'. P :Q'" "'; B""'4' ~ n r--ep' ·l;'y' 'to" '2] P' .: ···-,R, 3-' ~

• : . l - . "" __ .'. ",' 1".11. ' .. ' :.' " _'.' '., . _ .'. .-' ,': ~ ~ ~.'

-

How SHOUL'D Bi.-ACK, PROCE-BIC.?· .

BLAOK. .. '

: .j

:2 I ,Ii .. ' •.

WaITE, (Position afte'r 2' 'I' R ~ BS)

. P~K4,

- .

(k) This certainly appears logical,' but is it best?" 2'2 R(l)~QB:1

. (I) W,hat should have been W~ite'i':s pri~.e consideration here?

-( Ill) 'What have White' and Black' accomplished as regards Black's primary strategical goal?

(n) Do you consider that the manoeuvre Q~B4~,Kt3 was

ad" v an ta g" eoi Toto fo r W':' h l''''t' e '-;,>

'. .' . _~~"J "'", . . ~ .1LLi).1 '.r .: r " I!I

2'2 ......

2'3 'KtxP

(, ... 0 .... ).,· .. : How 'I"'S' '"'3 P x P ans -·W:,· er ed 'Il,

: . ,'. I r. ~ . I.' . .... .. . . .... ".;;'1 '\.,r ", ~"

2"'3' .

" .. !Ii. ...

. 'R'-' K'" f '_ ',.' X ~,_t ~

L''IJ''ii:!IQ'ON'" V· .-.

~ .. ""~'- ,"

(p) Can this Rook be: captured? Review the last few questions in the Iight of your reply to this query ...

2'4 ·Q.-B3

,A final blunder, but the ga-me was already lost,

24 R.'. : ~Kt5,

. ·.··eslgnS.

(q) In view of the fact that after .2·4 Q~Kt3., R.~~R5; :25 p-KtS.; W,hit.e 'would. regain his piece, whydoes :he resign? -

LESSON 'VI

- d .. h .. h ~" bI I .. ' h . h .. f

THIS g:am.,e ',_ rrves nome with mexora "",, ,e ,ogle, t ~ e two C .'le:"

points, on, which we' have been, concentrating thus far: the need for well-considered development and 'th,e importance of the Pa.wn configuration-c-especially one that contains an, irrevocable weakness;' The 'way in which these two elements are Iinked together, .arid the manner in which they finally lead to ,3, neatly executed mating attack, exemplify Lasker's famous remark that if one plays well In the positional sense,

I 'the' combinations win come of themselves, \

ICENTRE 'COUNTER GAl\tBIT

WHITE I p~K.t

2 PXP'

BLA.QK

'p <U

' .".

Kt-KB3

(a) 'What do you sup:pose is Black's motive for dis-carding' < the normal 2 .. '. '.:, 'Qx: P in, favour' of the- text?

3 P-Q.B4

(b) Evidently he wants to retain, the Pawn, . Consider the effects of 3 ~'Kt5c,h or 3 :P~Q4~'

3 • • • ' P~B3

4 PxP

W,hite' could also have returned the Pawn with 4 P-=Q,4" P,X:'P; 5 Kt-'QB3" and this was doubtless the 'best course: now available.

4- • 'i!I' ill

5" Kt-J[B."

;J

. K".'.', 'P'

ex '

". .: .": .. ,~

"P' '-K4

' ' ,

, - ,'.,,-

, , ,

(c) What kind, of compensation does, Black have for the

'·'6 d '

sacrr ce -', Pawn?

6 P nn 'B--n'R..iIi

7 ~Jt: n~l::

. -- ,. ,a '\iC; .~ ~ .~.,

20

t

LESSON' VI:

('d) W'ould " ~ stronger ?'

,B:X,B;, 8 :Px:B" :~Kl3, have been

S'" "B"x""B

I:" . I. '. ",. [ :

'. '. " '-"

'K '8 9 ,', ,_-,t~,1 ' is

,Ox','B"':' ~""-'

B,~B'A

---I '[2

I:Jt ,~O' )2 Kt:'K:1

'p 'K'

,,:"""::',"'5

(g) 'W'ould 'Whit.e have done better to play 12' ,P~Q4 '. '" ~? ( ,

<

(:"h)" W",:,"h"y' n '0"" '!,'n, P"'X"" P ~ ''1'3' 1£> x P K':' t',-I"""\"K'·" 't'-' whi ""n:

" " ", ,'",'," '1., ;&,:.:;. .. .. '. ,.' ,',;, ,,I.' ,D" '"" "",-~ '" ,',5, W",,~l.C :,::,

,'" ,t'.'~'I'"":':'1 ,",J,'"~;,, of the olav ~" the 'Q:' file IS, me ,Ogl,ca, concmsron 0, I, ie p ay In , ie '" ", ,', c e '.

(,-)" I hi he ee '"d' f he oi h Q' 6' 1-- b '

I 'II [1,'1" '. " , "". I .. ,.:.-", ,: I·"·' I"' J .' ,'. ~ -. ,,", • ,'" '. " -:.-<.'. .':' - ", '" . I .' .• ', '[ 1

,'_' an tt 18 w,ay ie gets rn ", 0, tt 'C pIn, on t, ,e ': ,,' _ te, nut

ru :~'S" into wha 't: n ,:P;W,";',' d iffi , 'C' :'U,']' :'ty:': '?'

_ ,,;Ii~, , " , , ,1.1, , ~ " 1, " " ., iii

L

P'X' p--,

,./", .

14" ~, ,-B~ '0, 'Q""," 'X"' P I"~' ,31,' ,'so' , m "U': ch in Black's fa', ":,'0' ur

C,' .u-""" " , " :0 ", ,", , 'Ii". " 1" ".Ii..... , I;V, '"'

14, .. • '.'

"'K R

:: -- i " ',',: ',:

15 ,~t, X "

'R' ,', x B'· : ,

, ' "" .'

Qx::P

.. .'. :' -: ', :.:.;.:.::.'~'.(.::':/ . .... '. . '..... '. '. .. .' : .. ': :;.::.:' .':. : ..

. . 22' .:.. . .. : ... :,:-:'::::: " .. ' '.' CHESS. FOR .AMA:1,:E·URS;:·,'· .

. ,':~;.:,,;'i:;' . . ":, ':'" ,"; ':"'(', '- '.: ,::~ .:

'. . '.= :JJ}:: How would .p.lay ;now .proc~e·4;:after 16 ~t .K5 .~ .. ~. .

,: .. .'.'. :.'. "':.': .: .. ' . . "':.' :~.:Wl4lT.E:.tX-t~~TE : .: :....:. ' ... '.'

: . . HI~L.F·.·FR6M 'THE P1N' r ~ '.

. ". .. .'

. . .

". : .: ···BLACK

• • " ". I. .' '+ _ .. ~ ,

I. '.! : I • I'.' •

! .' ... '. ':.':'::' I

. .

'" I " •

.. . .

. ,', .

. .

. .' .. ; " :,' .

.. . . , r.~

:. .: ... ', I:

.. . . '..::'." ', ... : ',...:.' '.. :" ~

..

,'. . ..

',' "

· .

. . .

:. ,', : ". I '" .' •

.' ,

. . :W'HrrE :' .....

. ..' ". . .... '. .' (Position after . ~. 5 ~. :~:" -, ; .Q ~ ,~)

I . I •

16'R~ql . . :; .' .'. K~~Q.Kt5" ::,':. :.: "'~ " '<.' ..

"::. "17 K'~~K5' .: .. ": ·.·.'.q~B5 : :

All very .powerfully played by Black. >::.:.... . . . . ":: .. : .. '

. .' . '. . .

:I8.:Kt~Q.3· : , :.: : .. .' ' .

. .

(k) Asthisleads to forced loss, :,it:w~~'ld: 'have bee'~ :r~la~i~elY:.:. :.

better to play' . . ?' ..... . ":,' '.' . ...... , ...

" .' 18 •.•.•. • . '. :K.t x Kt' .. ' ." ~ . '.' <

I9',~xKt ' .. .: :' '~~~~t5 . , .... : .. " .

:2'0, P~KR3 : . . '. . '.' ',' . .

" :.' ,,'

. (I) This leads toaforced mate, .would' 20 R-B3 have .'.

been better?: . . . . .'. .' '. ' -: '.:. .' . . ; .' -:. . .:' : .

. 20 .' •. ,~ ". ".:.:.'Q -;it.,di ". . , .... : .

. srI .K~Bl . , .: B.~K.I. , . ,

." . . !22 Kt-~ . . . 'Q~R8clt' . : ..

. " ~3"K' t- K""t'-I"::-' ···:··;K:'···t:·-·R;·7:··m'·a·:te--··<·i.: , .,

.,' : ~':' ~ .. ~ .. ". :,'. . '.' . :.-' "~--'." "' " .'. ::": .'

• ••..... ' A pleasing finish to a .ve~y well pIayedgame.;; '.. .. •..• '

· .: :.~.: :. .' . .'. . . . .. : . . . . '. . . . .' . . . .: . .... . .~ '. .

. '. :

. '.

,'" .

':. "

... "

.LESSON· VII

WIiILB the systems ,of development adopted by each player .in 'c~his galTC."e have tlltdr inconsistencies and Imperfections, the :pt,o,gr'ess of the play ,IS most instruc'tiv,c by reason of the fact that on each side the middle gam,e play logically carries out the implications of the respective development. In White~s case, he strives with - might and main to .eaecute an attack which relies for success. on a Pawn target previously-e-and needlessly' !-created by Black, ,As for the latter, 11e, directs his le,.fforts .at a counter-attack against the 'White King; which is precariously situated in 'the centre."

- Black should have had the better ,of it} because of his 'vital advantage of being able to utilize his King's Rook simul .. tatu?O'ustp for both ttliack an" defence. Failing to realize the value

-of this combined function, he relaxed his attention for only one move, ~egl~ct~d the defence in order to prosecute the attack exclusively-c-and that faulty' policy at once cost him the ,cr-a' '00-:" .Po

:~. !",,"" 6~~-: ,:"i~'¥.rII:

Because such games are so exciting, they tend to carry 'us al;\~y' in the heat of the 'battle; the judgment which built: 'up an attack coolly and discriminatingly is violently overturned. at the most critical moment, when it is needed most urgently,

acn, A'N D" EF- E-N- '--C----E--

8'-,' -:-,-,"1'-"-1' : '1',-' .. -.,-, .. ,,""-':

, 1-' _ ... _~':[ ':. ",.:~.l ~_ ' .. ' __ '~': :.~_ .... _ ... ..:...._! _

WHITE;· r P-I4

.2 Kt~KB3 3 P-Q4 -

~_ 1l"Z 4- 'x," p' •. ".

'~ ~~ •.• ,.J

.5 B,~·'Qs

'Thi$ is too easy-going and allows Black to develop rapidly ..

.5 • • " Kt~:Bs

6 B--K3

'\DL- -, AC K

J;) .... -:..~: I.

p~-

.>' .' n

,'. ',',--- .. ' ... ~.'; .

P~K3 P'xP

'1i2"",t·· -- [U'lIJ'!it [~··~~a

211]1.' ,~

6 .' '!I '"

7' ,Kt,x,Kt

(b) On 7 ,P x :P, would .it be Black's best 'course to win a

Po. ~ b K" 'K 8 B K"" Q-' P- ?

. awn ;Y 7 ~, . ~, ,t x," t; ,,' . X ~" t." ,'-"_ x, ,'; etc, -"

7 • • '. P,xKt

S. Kt'---'Q~,

P-'Q.4

:2.4

CHESS FOR AMATEURS

:( a.) "VVhat is the simplest method of answering 6, Kt X K:t '?'

(c) 8 P-,K-s looks more proceed? ,

,8 '. I!I iii

aggressive, H'o'\'V would, Black

P- ~KR':· "-3'

'." ..

Cd) W,hat is, the object of this move; why is, it needed; and what are its, possi ble effe-cts?

(e) 'Wha,t would y:ou suggest as, the best alternative? 9- P~KB4

(f) Do you see the connection between this move' and, the previous question?

'9 'If • •

B--,Kt5

(g) W,hy' does Black. adopt this time-wasting continuation" and what would, you suggest as a more economical development of this, Bishop '?

10 P~B3 rr P~K5, 12 Q=B,3 13 P~K'Ki4

B-:,R4 Kt-~2 0,-0

(h) 'W',hat is the policy' introduced, by this move, and which Black move was it that induced it?' -

:13 • .' .' B~Kt3

(i) 'Give two reasons 'why the contemplated exchange is useful for Black,

14 :Kt-BI

2~

~. -'oJ

(j) What. would be the consequences of the immediate advance of the :KK"tP?

'p "D' ,~~, ,:3

(,','-_'k' .). __ : 'D" '.,'-r;. 'y:~o" 'U'" think t . h ;~ is a goo,d move a' m d' ~ if SQ' - ..... wh .. ·,y-"

/...:"·:V [ ..... ::"' ..... ~:.: 1,1JI'i.... '._~ [~ _ I' : .. ~ .•.. r •• ~_, ~_o~_~~,.I.: ... ,...., ··- . .'i _' ~~::' .1., "t"' .. ";. :.

15 P"":Kt5

(I) What would be your evaluation of the 'position after

'if'5' p_.: 'X",/ p"] R-' x ,.' p" i)

.l. .. ~", _ , . r- ,~~, ,;'1 ~ . ...:' , ..... , : ' li!l I~ I!ii!r '!!

:1: 5 !!, • I~ BP' X Kt',P

]: 6, (t-R:31 R-B.2;

(' " 'W' - "'h' . ,t - " .. ~d' 'b·' - . , . - .. -- .. - 1-' - .' f· t '0 th .' - k '?

:m) .. '.-".- " a, 'WOUll. ne a. tnm"p er way 0 __ mee ,lng' ne attack ~ ,

1'7 KR-Ktli

(0.) Is 1.,7 Q-,K.t6 or r 7 P X ,P stronger '?

Jl7 ,~ .' '. BxB

18 K.t'XB B.,X:P

'! 9 :Kt-:,Kt4: ~Kt3

('T,his looks rather risky, but it ,is playable ..

, ' ,

:20 Kt'xPeh

WU1TE

(Position after 2,0 Kt X Peh)

F',~B'·"

20 ' .. !Ii .. JD,; _,I

(0) What wo,uldbe't.he consequences of 20 • ' .• ,. P:X'K~ "?'

21 QXP

~,n B-' ,: ,TT.~ ,~, .. ,. ,I,D,X

n'~K6cll

B'~R['3'

._" .

- • I.,

The position of both Kings is n.ow precarious !:

°3' , n,' X" P,l:'t-h' K' ':,' K'·' I

~ .. '. ~:.. . ~~.:' : '~'._'--

,24 R~Kt!Z R:-K,5

(p) This appears, to strengthen the attack decisively; but actually it meakens the' attack decisively! What was the right

'm""'o'~' " ,

, __ " Ii' ..... '.

25 ~Kt8ch K:t,'~B',1

26- Q.-B"ch .

(q) Studying this powerful move, you conclude that Black's 2" 4',t:'h m ',0, ~v 't --e wa s ?

____ • I _~, -, _ .,.' ,. '. ~. - r. .. ill!.

26 .....

27 Q",x Ktch 28 {t'x:R

(:r) 28 . " .. ; B x B appears save himself in that event?

2'9 Q:x,P,ch

30 ,P~'Q.14

K' n

, 0--'"')(..:1

'KB

[ , ' ,,-

'_-: -,2'

QK

I x-:t

- '

".

verv P'ow'-' -e'- ,rfi·;~""'~'

- J' . . _. -~~

Can White

:a-.;K-~' ': ~' '"

,. !..

~-~ (,- .'

R' ..

[-- ",: -

I, , esigns

LE-' S'SON'" 'VII'I

. 1".".' . .

~---~." .: ~ .. -.[, .. ,'~-'.. .: _. ',,'.

W'HIT,E'S tortuous MId ine ffectua I developmen t eventually makes it impossible for him to hold his own against Black's effectively developed pieces.

The chief factor in White's faulty development is his neglect. of the elementary 'precaution of c ast ling" He: has ample -- - - to re- gret his iegligence 0 - - to-he' middle g-a--"':'

p.:e c.ause "', -' <c,,'- -, ~ D'--r:,'nce ':, ,_,_,_l,~,-,_~' 'f. ill, ....

gets under way'.

Once more we see the ,power of the Pawn position, to .. £I: thr - e of th e - a' - ie Note how- th e dynamic

In.urue:nce ',. e DOU'rs '> [I;' gm. ,,' ",," ., ," [_,_: _: I:

thrust .. ,~ P=-QS! is mirrored in the vio-lent alteration of the Pawn structure which the advance of the 'QP brings about.

RUY,LOP:EZ

BLACK

I P-14

2 Kt-.....:KB,3

,3 B-Kt5

,4 lJ=.-R4

5 P~(t3,

(a) 'Why:is this unduly conservative, and why is 5 O~O' more aggl essive '?

WHITE

5 .. • ..

6 P:"";B3

(b) W,4at do you conclude about the future mobility of 'White~s QKt?

6 ......

(c) Explain 'why the fianchetto development is 'better than DK·o

.- !II .' ,J...)""-"-'. ," ~ I!!I'

(d) Can you see how Black's last move affects the development of 'White's QKt'?

7' P~KR,3

( e) 'What is the 0 bj ect of this move?'

7 ., ~ e, B-K:t:2

B s....KKt,5 P--R3

9 ~K3 ' :~Q2

10 QKt-Q2' Q~K2

(£) Played 'with 'what object'?'

II B-,B2

(g) What is the purpose of this move '?

I I • ,~. P~Q4!

(h) Just in time 'because "" .?

12' P-Q.Ktf "-

(i) ju,dging from the sequely White should have played ?

,BLACK REACTS VIGOROUSLY' 'TO P:-Q:K,4

B,LACK

WliITE

(Posi tion atter I 2: P~l{.'t.4,)

12: .' .. e

A great surprise 1.

13PXP :14 Kt,x'P

:1:5 B xKt :r6PxKt

P-- X':':"" 'p'

I . I .

KtxKt ~ "P' JD.t x '~

..

.n'9·'

~.--.

(jJ 'V'lould 16 B, x B be stronger?

(k) To. 'what mistake in White's previous policy does Black's last move point p.

1,6 ,~ • ' ..

_BXB ~B6·

(I) Wh.at move did, W,hite feat?'

Should W,hite have 'played, 1,8 0--'0 '" j +?

.... l ' •

·is, '. .' • 'Q-Ktf,I

. 1'9 P~Kt'3 'R~C!,J' '

(n) '\JVh·at is the object of this move '?'

(:m)

(0) Would JIg ~ ~, '~' ·:20 ~B2:

n' 1(' -R-',~K·· t· 'g.'

~ ,", ,~--,,~c i,.,.~

(p) What is Black's strongest continuation, after 2'1£ P".,.,Bi!:

air one I K(·· :,,~,K: 0' , ?

- ~ - ~ ~ . ...

0- £'\0·- .... h b -- - t - - - - - ? -L!- rave I, ieen s ronger ~

'Q:"c" B3'

"-"~: '-,"

'- .. ' ' ..

21' ... ' •

B-,ns., ~ . .

(-q) 'With, a decisive double threat; for if 22 [QR~KtI: (to save the. exchange), there follows ~, ," .?

22 ,Kt~B4 . B-R5

23 ,P~K5

As. gOQ~ or bad as anything else in this lost position,

2'3 .' .. ,$ :8, x,R

24 P'XQ :B,XQ.

·,25 B:x:B B xP

26 O'~O

About fifteen moves too late!

K---- R-'

. -.

, ' .

27 ,',~-: ,',5

28,Kt-B6

~o

,

.... . -

PK'

--:.- t:3

CH' m'ss 'q'O,'no ,;Ii, .... r. A ''']I''"'''C':Un ~ .": -: -C!" .. ' Jr.'I.'.:-A ~~.iI,~ .~

(r) What are the possible .drawbacks of such a Knightmove in 'g' eneral and 1·0 this spec '·fi'-,c nositio n ?

, _ '_ _ ,_' _ _ . ,_ ' ', ~ ~ _ .... ,1 , " po:n 1.,_.

:28 • • • R-Q..7

2'9 &=:Kf3; R~KI

3- 0·'- RI~OII-'

,-' '';(...'

(s) 'What. are some of the ways .in which, White could have' prolonged his resistance, and how would Black have .continued ' in e-',<=fIoc" 'h' e,-',a' :~:~'?

_ _ _ , ., _ ". ,,,,,",, "S~, ~

30 .. ' ••

.31 Bx'R Resigns

An exceedingly wel] .. ,played ,game 'by Black.

RXRcb,

R 'TT'8' 'h --=:~,c '

.. :.1

LESSON'IX

IN this .game, again, the: Pawn position is all ... important. It may 'be said, without exaggeration that Whit,e:'s eleventh 'move" [do efin itely c .ompromises his game B: ·~,.c.o: tre this ill judg ed

" .... " . ,c..lJi_ & ~". : ..... ' ~I-·, ·:,-----.~.~ ,-------", ,_. ,"--- .... ..-e.L~._ .... - __ ._~_., ll-..J""":' _ ..... ~._.

move, his, position. is promising, or at all events playable; while after the weakening of the Pawn 'position he is always

on, the defensive 4' •

Nor is this all ; since Pawn weaknesses are organic, they are generally permanent, Hence the defensive tasks they impose are 1:,4'kl'e'.'Vt!:C'J:II. generally P ermanent, T' "his is br 0'·<,. g' ht

" ': v:..," w"" , 1 " "1..,,1i.r :.."" '\".0" " ' " " . • "" .. ~ I. ., u,

out. very clearly In the following gam.e., in which 'White~'B

gam.e is characterized 'by the lack of any' possibility of working

it it... it.

up an imtiatrve ~

IN',' D'IAN' .'.' 'D"'EFE'" :N" 'CE" .

: I I>,". .: _ " . I: ' I..': _ I _, ... ' "': .... ~ __ ~.

,BLACK r P~Q4

2 P-Q8f ,3 Kt~Q.B3

WHIT.E Kt~KB3 P=1(3 B-=Kt5

(", .. ): 'Wh,~; t hir t:, does this move g< ive you about the future

a... ,a. In s. . . ,... . ... ' .. """.. .'"" "."""" '" "

d f B"" la k 1· · h ?

tren ,0' .; ac '. S pohcy In t. ,e centre ~

,4 :P~QR3

(b) 'What. is the object of this move; do you see any possible drawbacks in it?

BxKtch. P"';B4

(c) What is the. purp,o'se of this move?

(d) If 5 ", ,~ . ;; 'Kt~K,1; is 6 Kt-B,3 a feasible reply l 6 P:-BS

(·.'e, .. ).... Inte nd in :gf. ?'

• •• • .' ,", 1_ .: ~ ~ of! ~

CHESS, FOR AJM'A.TBllRS

6 .......

7' 'BP': x PI , •.

"," , :.'.:-~: .: ..... - ,~'

(,) .Shoujd this be answered, by' 8. ,P~QB'4 or 8 ,P:-:K4 ~, ~ .P

, 8 ~B2: , 'Kt~!(tB3

(h) Can Black :play,' .instead, 8 <I' ,~, ~, P X ,P';

Q-,:Rsch; 'I 0 P'-Ktg, Q~x 'QP ~ ~ ~ '?

'9 P~I4

WmTE'S CE,N"fRE" RE~U.iRE$ <CARE'Fur. P'.ROIECTEON'

B,LAOJ{

WHITE,

(Po,si tion after I 0 ,~ • ~ ,;, 'K t~.]B3) ,

10 B-1(t.Kt5

(·.··.i.").,·, C' h '1 ~ r K P P

~.'omment on, the a ternatrves 10, ':'-" ... 5, or 10: X :~"~

10 iii! iii! ~,

(j) Should Black play to win, a Pawn 'with 10 ,~ '. <I", ,P X P" 'etc .. ?

II P'X:P

LESS,o·N IX.

.33

(k) ·W.hat do ·you. think .. of this move? Should he have played . .I I K:t-K'2' instead?

I I ,~ 'iI! •

.12 :B·xKt :13 B-~3 14· ,Kt""":K2

Q.-R!'" .'

. " .. '

.

BxB R~Q.I

(I) W'ould. it not have 'been stronger to play 1[4, Q.~K.t2, :SO ,as to answer ,][4 ... ,~ ," Kt~·Q2 with 15 Q~Kt4 '. ' ... Pi

14 ~, '... .

if 5 O· , .. ~IO·I

.lI.."' .. -' .

Kt-""Q~ Ktx:P

(in) What can you :n.ow conclude about the effects, of White's rrth move?

~R5

P· nK····t3' '";~~R········";··''.:··

"3

."

(n) Do you think the Queen is well placed here? W,hat should W,hit.e play?

. ]'9 B-KtS

(01) W,h,~t is the purpose of this move?

]9 • ,. •.

2'0 :R~R2

•.

(p) An awkward-looking move .. . the Rooks would 'you suggest?

What development of

,20 ill >Ii' ..

,21 R-Q,,2 2:2 B-K3

.. Q' K"t"

'~'. '_.' . 1_ .' I

23.,":. II

. - ...

, .

: 84' .

,

. .. ..

": .. (q) ·Again.~~ What':,can Y9.~·:·l'l:O~ conclude about 'the .eif~cts:.··"

: of "White~s I. .:~ th and r .2·tP. moves ? .' . ,

24· R(2}~~'B2:" " .. ' '.:. ". R~QBI

. ...

. lA/HIT" ~ 'E:'~S' . "r>O' sr ~ON~ C'-'ON'" TAm' "S . '1'" . " '. L'". 'I'.:i ,'.-. '.. '. '.:

sE'iu:ou~ ~.~~NE~SES

.' . :' . '.: : .... : .:: :Eh.A:.~: .. : .. ' .

. .-.t

. ... . .

. J

..

. .

... . ..

. WHITE.:' ... : .. : .: ' .

(P +. 'f' . .- . ". ::- R···· h:-B ) .. o siti on .3 ter ~ 4 .: .: "," ~. '-x I

.'. . 25~' O-RI' . .'

••• ".r. ~' • : .

..... . Cr) Agai~~~:: ··Wh.at can 'you cO'nclude' about the e·ffects. of '.'

'. 'White:'s I r th and rzth moves]" Sincethetextplaces the Qut::~n :.

- on ... so undesirable a sq·uru:e., would .. : you .' recommend instead :

··Q·5 R':":'BI·tU.~.'2·5 Q~BI or 25 Q-KI or' "25 'Kt-K,2 or 25'"·:~Q2. '.

". -~..-~? "~." '~. . '. '.' '. < .. '" ~.> ':.' : ::

'. ·;.n~ Q" '6"

. ... ~- ,',

.... .: ···.K~.:B5 " .

('15 ...

. '. . ,o:;,~_,,,.. .

. 26" 8-' '.:' B 4' ..'

" . .'. ;., .. ' . :..... .

.. . .

-, (s) Threatening .. . '2'7 .~BI.

' .. 28" B' 'x"K' --t

.. . .'. " ' .... , ,"_.'-- .

. .. :

': Kt';K6

.. ::.

. . .

' ... ' .: (t) How 'would you answer 28. R~l<.l ; .. ' ~ ~? :

8 .

. : 2 "... ..

. ·.QXB.·: ..

....

29 R-B.i:. :

'.' (u) If instle~d 2'.9. K:t~K2;. how' does Bl3:~~ continue? ',' : .

. (v) :H:o~ does B'lack decide the game ~f~·er 'the .t~t.?· .' .

,LES,SON X

THE 'most instructive aspect of this rather difficult gam'e is the manner in which Whit(~ handles the problem of the advanced 'KB,:P .. , Being in, possession of what ought to be a

d .. '. t' '. I d anta g' e 'W" hi te sadly nderestim t th

eC1Slve rna: .eria a I'V " "'",'," -- ," nre 0-' ,'-, u ,j :', __ estrmates :, "e

strength of Black's only" counter-chance. 'W1tat thereupon ensues is a striking example of th.e need for seeking the very 'best. move every time ..

As for the earlier part. of the ga.me, it is, curious to see how each player initiates and then unreasonably discards an excellent strategical plan, The :mo:ral is, of course" that such vacillations only tempt fate; one's [opponent m,a-y miss, some counter-chances, but it is poor policy to rely on such lapses .. In the case of most players; their mistake is for the most part an inability to ,"( follow through, ;,' rather than a desire

to exploit the opponent's supposed infirmities; but in either event the effect. is the same, and the cure is again the same:

.. 'fi d~ .it.. b ~ ..

stnoe to' .,.:n_·: tne best move every time.

:ENG:LlSH OP,'ENING

'W,HIT'E I P~Q.B'4 ,2 Kt:-qB3

3 P~KKt3

BLAC:K, ,P~14 Kt-KB3,

(a) Thus far White;s moves all point to a basic strategy. . What is that strategy?

3 • .. •

,

Kt B3

'.~ .....

(b) 'What are the pros and cons of 3 '. .. · ,. P~Q4' t ~ "',?

35

3'6- (c)

'~

~ ~ 4-~'

CHP'QI~ F\O-'R~1II·'A·'~·U·'·;R·';;:!·

~ ~ ••• ' •• '._ ~ I A~.", .~~

" ......

What would be: the argu~e'nts in favour of '1>' •• :B-K.t5~

"

5- :Kt-Bs . 6 0=0

"" , I

',.-- [ '_." ..

(d) In, commenting on this, move, 'reconsider your replies

'to the Iast two questions.. ~I!"

7' 'P-'~'Q:·"'3''''

. ., . .

• -- - ti . . . ~ ~ • •

) .

(e) Explain why ,P"~Q4' would be preferable,

•• I •

7 •• '. ~Q;2

,8 P~Kt3

(f) 'Taking a hint from Black's following 'would 'you have played mstead of the text? -

'what

8 ... ' ,.

(g) State your obj,ectio:ns to this, move; can you see why 'W'hit,e played it?

9 .' w, •

1'0···· BX"B:

",: . ,~~~ - ,-... • I~

(h) Why does White play this move l' .

1.0 ' .. 'iI!! •

:II Bx:Kt 12 :Kt~q5

. .

IQ,XB,

B"," 'B:'

'-_. ,x'_.

B.=Q

:,' ,':.1

(i) How' is 'Black to liberate himself from, hi th

cr~mped position?' " t:,I,U; ratner

Kt-K'2 B:x:Kt P-KS

" ,

, '

t,

L'Oc."!'(:I'O"'N' X'

,c..;ji.]l.:"/ " ~ . "

, '

(j) ~How would Black proceed after 1:,6, ]{',t-K:I~, '~

" '

. ~ ..

, ,

, ' T:HE :KN!G'HT', IS DQOMED!

'BLACK, '

... " .

, , , ,

WH~"

, .I.r. ... ~

, '

, (Posi tion after 16K t~Kt5)

Q-K.t5'

, ,,! ,,16 •• '"

. (k)·c6hl~eilt.

r, ..

, ,', 'J.7 P~KB4

('1'\ 'I', ,'p'.' K" 'R' 'b:' .. tte ?

'C/ ,S 17 -',:4' ,e', ·er ~

,17 ...... *

P'D'"

, ,

, "-:~,,, ~:'4 '

, ,

, ',,(, m : ,)" "I, (!I .th is stronge r than ] ~' , ,'p'~, X P e p', '';)'

• ", __ ~ __ [ • _ ~: __ _ _ ," _"' .. " ilr. _ -; __ .• ' , !.. .. ,', _ _. +:~ of! .. !ill ~.

, '8 K K6

' '" I" ,,',' ,', 'c'

.. ,' t----:, , c'

, ',19, P-:-"Q5, 0'0" n'R~"':',-'B' 'I

~ .. ~, .. '.--:. ",

KR~B"'I:

, ,

"'D' 'B'" .D""-: : ,3,

3'1

"

(0)" VVh.o has the better ,game '? VVhat IS the indicated procedure- for White 'p

, ' ' ,20 • ~ ",

\p--KR4'

(0) What i~, Black's .plan, and what is the reason foritP , ,2~ ~~K.3 ' ,

(p) A, stronger line of play was ~, ~ ~?

:2 I .. '. ' •.

:22"K~R:1

".' "__. I

'P'~R5':

.... ,

.... :......,..,.I,G·, ,"lI ........ ., ~ .• ~!'1'y

,

L

3 8:. '0" ·H~¢'~ ~,Oic,'T!j,'..t·"' .. A·,··T~'U"IP!D,

_ .. .. _ ~~ .. £7]. ,'.I'-. ~" , s:J. .. n.ll

-,

. .

(q) This speculative Pawn ','sacrifice,' should not turn out to be' quite satisfactory. ' What, should "Whi.te play to, get a, good gam,e without offering' any .material?

p,:'X., ',p',"

,22 ... ~

J

Q.--Bfich

P-XP

.. ~-.,

23 KR~KtJ: ' 2,4 R~Kt'2

(r)But after this; Black soon gets a very' difft.c,ult· game~ .

Therefore he should have played , ~ "'?

2'5. ,I[ X p' K~B2:

(s) Black's best continua tion was. f., ,. ,~?

26 RX~Pch BxR

(t) Give' the best 'play' for both sides .. after 26 ~. "' , K,-KI~

27 Kt~Kt5ch 1{~K2

:2,8 Kt x Q. P X Rt,

2'9 R-KRI

("D' ):" Wh,··" " at in y. rour o pin don woul d be th e c 0'" mseq "U' e n "C··'.A~' 0"· ',f:'

'. '" .: : I.e.", .". . ... ':. I ~ ''''I' . 'Ii. , "''' .. 1,. ". ,.Y '. '. "_:" - _' [1',_' ""'_' ' . .": " : :,_[_,[. ~ ':"" '

29 "R~KKtI: 'or :29 Q--KB2 or 29 R~B'I '?' .' '

29 • ,~ '. R-KKtl '

3:0 q-KB2

i •.• (~) AlldR:a:'KI:hBls point, 'Qgi~the. c~nsRe~K,~eK;~c~s of the - alternatrves 30 , .' ".I or 30 :;-~3 or ,3,0 -,,". .tr '.

,go • ., ., :~B3

" 3:1 'Q,XP

(w) How does Black proceed after ,31. R~KKtI ~, . ~?J

3 I .. .' • R:-K.t3 :!

White resigns

He must give up the Queen with Q.-R5 o:r IQ~R3~,.A curious finish,

•• 1" ', 1

AN' "'S' W" ER·S"J,

I :,,' , '" .

- - _~ . I .' ." •. • ~. __' I .. ~ .

LE,SS'O'N' I

(a ) The object of 1. '.' .. .~ :; :P~:K3 is to challenge W,hib~~" s centre a:ffiter·2 P-Q'4 with :2 .. ,~ .. "P~Q4'. The position thus reached, although it seems to leave Black :in rather a passive position, is nevertheless aggressive in, 'respect of the i:,i: attack ,,' on, 'W,l;li:te:'s KP'. \Vhite may elect to play 3 P~K5" in which CMe Black counter-attacks at once with 3 . ' .. ,', P~Q:B4'; Of' Whiee 'may dispose of the troublesome problem by 3. ,P' x P',

when Black answers 3 ," 4' " , P:x P with a symmetrical Pawn

position and even. game; or 'W,hite may defer a decision with .3 :K't~B3, and in, that event Black can renew his challenge with 3 ~, " '. , K:t~'KB3 or even ,3 " .. ~ ." , B-:KtS,.,

Bla.ck, selects I . . ," " P-,K,,3 instead of I ~ " ~ , P-K4 for

two possible reasons : ( JJ: ') if he answers I . 4' ~)\ ,P -K4"

W~it,~ 'h~\,ii .choice of certain aggressive openings (the Kin,g~s Glamhit)···~~vans Gambit, and the Iike}, 'which reduce Black

V.lH'AT' :Fl)TU:RE, IS, THER'E

~O' R' . B:'L ""C" ,'V'" ',Ii;" Q': ': B' ?

r."_·, .'.' .l'-l: .... ..r.... 1.;.1 . ',":" ~:'-li

BLACK

.'

39

CHESS FOR AMA'TE'U,RS

to a defensive 'position that most players would find, burdenSOID'e and irritating: ,or certain other openings (as the Giuoco

, ", -' - '_. -- ',': , - ", '- -' - ',,~ - ,- ~L : ' .. - ' -, --' - ~" '

Pia ill ssirno) which offer Iittle scope for initiative or lively play, (:2) By playing] " " .. , P-J4, Black reveals his 'Willing ...

, 1 ,r:: "" • h'O' h th

ness to p. ay' a.n,' - open ,ga.m.e,'-e-,.,g'., one m w uc t: - e contact

between 0- P "p- iosin g,':,- fo rces ma 'y b ~ a,' 'no, early and: violen t-' one

afte; the Paw; mO;~P~4or P::'KJl4. II(Me~er,by piayin~

1:' 'P .... , .P~K3" Black, heads for a "close game,' e .. ,g .. on,e in

which the contact between the opposing forces will develop

uch mOlie slowly' .. , ,

('-h)' ,'C' p' Q" ,"B'-c,,·) ., I b. 'd .c, '--'llb'" --- -, f , , " c -,--~,

,:"~ 2 ,~ .. ;.;. _->:, •. --3 ~ is .aJ' lor.a .Dum,:_ ,er 0 reasons +

(I) it does: not fulfil the purpose of I: 'O' . .." P-K 3" which,

, ve Iia ,.," "--',11, '"' '- ---I' P Q' -,-, ,'" ('", }:,. th "-

as we '.' ve $e,en, lllvo_ves an ear. y ;. .. ~. 4,::2 In .- .. e

event that White ultimately advances P~K5, the move ~ ~ " P-QB.4 is the logical reaction; but by ptaying.2 ~ " ~ , P~QB,3? Black has already lost a mote for this purpose;: (3) by playing 2 .. .. " ~. ,P~Q Bg,. Black, has deprioed his t)j(t of its best

Th~ ·1'1 b . £ th L ,0 ~

square.' ' ::1S WI ,rIng rurtner consequences In Its train;

(4) the combination of Black's ,first two moves, leaves sorry' prospects for ills QB, which is already hemmed in by two Pawns .placed on the same coloured squares as those on which the Bishop' moves. This is a fault frequently committed by inex ... · ' perienced players, and shows most instructively how weak

'. .1' 7. l '·+-lR h l ~{" h

opemngs ueClS'l,very 11,~uence ine tater course. ey the game.

(c) The only alternative worth mentioning iS3 .. ;0 ;0'" P:~Q4; despite the' loss of time involved after 4 P--":KS" P--QB4 .. , (d) ,3 .. .. ;. , K.t~B3 can be answered in a variety of .satis-,·· factory ways, as for example (I) 4 ,B-QS.. It is almost always good policy in the opening to, answer a threat ,with de,'{}clopment '

.. " . Th~ ~." . fu 1 '. C'. he i ,. '

of a new' pzcce. ,':,'18 1S a very 'use ,1:;1 point ~10:r t . e inexperienced

player, who is prone to neglect his' development, allowing himself to 'be side-tracked, into some irrelevant enterprise with an inadequate amount. of force available for the purpose; (2) ,4' P-K,S, :Kt~Q-4; 5 P~:B4" Ordinarily, such Pawn advances, although most attractive and natural, should. be adopted sparingly, as the Pawns which advance so gaily at the outset may later find themselves insufficiently' protected and exposed to formidable counter-attack by the enemy" However, in the kind of position we have here, the harrying

A'N-S"W- '--ERS

... , .. " -"·1-'

, . ;', I' .. ',;,' . ,-.:

Pawn ad'va' nees mav '1:-....& recomm end' ed beea use S' ;~ac''!I .. , - posi ti o n ,'"i4~rt3,i!. ": ,-"",_ ,,, ces ,II I ':11U~ ,l.:"""",0'ulliJa,ll.ll.Ic,;'': ieno ecaus .. ,~'ll' '~,8 ,:v,l;;lIl':-I':,J

is ,ii."IA ! 'IN"iI!;;i ':i,~",'oiIi r -,' "'t.et ... _/fj4"_, .. 't:,.,;~ I h~'" ,- . ..., -" : ':, .: - ."',- ~, .iL", .', -;3_, 1I!'~i ,

~.~ ~,Y'..jI ~"",I:I' !if"K~ _~Oiltn _ '." WI<~,A,: ,07 ,,'t7n is ;tJllCOnCaBlIu' _-e" anc aiso

'bliD;lR!!!:lII"I''IiI!\iiI;II! 'E' ·:iI_"'!;oil, .. "~ K, ,,'··:·'n'·liig' ht ';;c d ~v, '-,'/#!I'n' to' a' ~"" ," , "(':n,'K"'·' 't'i,) :-: ,n'Bn)'"

L'L--""'~ :~ ~ "- ~ .' l!.~ .-.:,... -" "'1uare ' .~: J or ~.- ''':;'.

,o~-~hich i't,'will 'be~virt~aiIy out 'of play for ,thebalanc~-of

the gam~~ ~. " ' " ~,~,,~ ~

(e) This:ls not. the best", for while rt lS a developing move

D'll.....'k, ..... , ' ... ,-., l:';...---'.. .-, .. - ,.-'1..., . - .... r:.411!..... . .... .tJ;.j)j - -- - ,,""

,~,c, can, ~ow JJ,IUirre an" exenange, ,rr/wR ytJ!r wr:l,Q,genS' u

II. ,..J' "' . ..! "E"",,, ] r'" ti d·' d

,Uil2myt1'"'~ t2v:oz~u: ei/i:~tWinge'$" un jess:" or (:,ours,e,~ an, llm.Dle t rate ano

very·.' 'Yr.F,ea':It advantaze can, be obrained t'h~'e·'re·,.'b.,y"".'" T~lh-:-',~: reason

- -- " 'Or ..,... . '1!::Ji1 . - - - _.. . .. -----"- .~~I "_- .. ~ .. , .'. @. I _' _~ A,· ~~V_

fb~" this rule: .is that wh,en you have more' terrain for 'you:r' pieces they' have a qualitative superiority over the hostile pieces, 1- f:-' yo .:'U e xchanze you forfeit som .. · .. e of, this q' ualita -,~,~ '.' ,

- -- --, r . . ~-- ,---, .0 ...... ,.' - " -- - ~ - . .llI. '. allt.a:wve

superiority .... by' relieving ,. 'your opponent's cramped position

- --,_- -- , , ." I -, , .. -' -" _ _ ,_' .',' _ _ ~ ,1_ - -- - . . , .,' . , " ' , "'"

Ito some extent,

1('. ,f) ,I: 5~ B-KB'4·. - '? Is of course a, crass blunder, because Black can 'si'lu;p:ly ~ep1-y 5 · ~ ,. :, Kt X P, gaining a'~ valuable Pawn

, ... the ,t ." -, I -'~"",l.. T~~'''' kind .' 'f" """,-1"'"'-'-· 'ifoii'".i'·' , - t~ "-,--'-' '.

WJ!"L DU" any l"l~,.. ,I..u.;:., All.ll., , ,0' ~uen~ry ,n~,lIge:n'ce· l.S

really,'" inexcusa'ble- and the first thina in which the: Inexoeei-

- -,- '.' .. ' - ... , ". , :J "- -~. , ..., .. . " r-1

enced player must 'train himself is to 'make certain before

e~~~,k~tba.t:W is 1UJt'leavingQ1L:,-.~kisjrwce;mbjedto

cqtw.,'." Whi,te'~ thefefore" had no 'choicebut to play'.5 ,B xKt,

t~1111: . ·t- _,Ii< .. ',.-, t·'h· e bet .. ,·, .'.," .'. .".,- b. I' . 1b." ,,-~I;£:t.. 'Ii. -

:,LllJ..!, re 18!Dlng [I,,': .'. etrer ga\m,e~1 ~I ee :su re 'I [.IU~, \\r"l,U.il, sess

o:f 3J], , advantage than, he Wl~)\d,d, have hal,d, after 4, E .... Q,3, O~'

4 :P~K5'i'

( .. ,)., K- ,,: t "R-' -? ". -. - .~ -. -: -. - - . AI: ,-!, --

'I' 3 · " .. ' ,,. "---' :""""-~:-,3· IS aver y poor- move ~ .'" 'w'a;;s oetuare

of ,playing the ,Knight to th« edge of "1M hoard, for ,it is' in, that

h- ,'" h h 1: bi 1· K'" f 'h a ·

sector t at i t nas tne teast mo · . inty. ,: mghts are most ertectrve

'. ,'--'h'c; .. "-.:. '" '1-" " ed to" .:. ard ,01,,1..,·, .'-; : .. f.-:' ,'-, -,: ,'fi,~,i!o 'c.: ,~.::",,- • .-,,-- 'T' hi th .-, V'~,!, :'h·· ,,·t

w ,en p, ,aye.. '. \va .,. Ute. centre ,OT Ill~ v~Ci,~'t~" " . us, -, e, ,n_n~g ...

at 'QR:S commands only four squares, and (~':nl'Y one of them

(Q:>' 'n::' . ,). ,'~., ,.~, -- -t·' --- t-- . -. H'-"·· dj lb" K:-"" i!! he b ., abl .-

I _',-~~ ,'.41' .JiS an ,[m:par,~a~n'I'_ one, ..1 ao . me ,;. 'n:~g_ I ~ _ .een a ne to

n"B '.. ... .. ld ''1.. ..... , d· .... .,l 'I L...... ". 'h

,go to~,:3, :It, .'WOUJi. nave commanded no iess than e'lgt

, , , '1'1 ~~ 'h,~'_ of them '(K A . nd , 'Q" '~):" ·c' ·r~' , .... 'IL~ . - ost , ,~·t~' -I ~I- - .' '. -

sq~-~, '~'R'O u., .Co~ •.. .:L'~ alS_ 0 ll:I,;C mos vita lmpor-

tance

_~I!I!

" . K'·· t:.....!D: 9:' ~I ~- al , .. ,"., ' .. '. -.'. , .. ' be ',j;,A '-W': ""fr.,~t' ",' .. -' .'

5 ,.. ~ ~:)"'" A:~ ,0; 18 ..... - so a poor move, __ ecau~ .. .tlJe can"

if he wish~es subsequently' pIal" B X Kt, leavin.g Black with

-d' . - ,----:L.,~ "d" I,' ,'~d~' '-~ ·.~l';-:,....,Ji . 'Q" :',R'" P-I-' . ..' ~,.. "I . ':, ; •.• .'11.. - . ,1:--,--, " "I"h·; .

,-O'U,I!J''w',e· an" lSwa:[cu '~'. I" [~a s,erlOllS we;~ne. ,1.'01" t _', e

ending, as, the' Pawns: cannot defend each other and are thus:

, ~iI:"'!uJ'I;, .... __ 1I.v }I ~I ab lie to '@:' t~,f"~,f']'~' '1' T'ii, .£.'l!.. ~"Li' cill' '1:' ~A'll!"lii p.ns ~'I tion h-L ~- - -~ er

pee _, ~~'l."ll;- . ""~ I ~ .' '.' ~ ~"t.~Q,~J(" : '",:.IJ. Ul]~ ~'~i \,.o~,~, :,~; _" '.alUi . "I I,UW'r;.;:VJJ,",

6- n· -'"K'- - .. - - 'li,... .. ,- .-~---'--. -d'· - b 6'-'" - P - 'B':;) b- --.:- ·b'·

, ,0 X ... ,t ,can ue: ians.'\'Vl;~re .'. ,not _~'y '~ ~ 'I, I ~ :, X ,! : . ut, ,Y

6·.. .~. ,~ ; 'Q.~R4C'h 1 followed by.. .. .~ Qx' B" ,a:voiding a deterioration of B]a,ck,~s Pawn positlon. Always keep a sharp eye

Ji::'~'''ed- : -' .e......... su '. ·ch··> .," possib ·iil;ol~nes a- ('!I ;.-,'--- Jl~;.;" .~~ ;A!'._1~:- an 'd>: ~t' ta ·C,··I;,..... ..,

.:Il~'- .. .lV.: ~. ,. I, ,;.~ ., .I. _ c_', .'.-:;Ii' d~/fu;:.U~M;r;c; !Lalt",,",~ ~, "_' ,Q,-, @! ':~JU!i;

they oCtm smash an oth,erWise ,effectIve Iine of play'

~." -' ~' 'Kt-RQ~is.'~1so a p'~oo,~-~,~ve,"becau~'frl making

oil. ~.!!!' ~- '§l I' - I ll!li" ~ - . I~ ~ ---." ". -.". '. I' ". '. 1---"':""""': "-' .... 'I ill:' "; .. ~' .... ~ ... - ."' ", ", "J' ":""J : : . ~~, .. _.

l,t B~~~k has l'n 'tur,n overlooked the 'poI$lb'lb,ty of ca:pturlng the K,P'~

,(h) 6; ~Qll4,'p" is, inco'nee!: :in, .~ :p~sitio~~ A, ,B:~shoIPI 'j's, w,el'~ p,maced on this:, :sq'u:a,~e' :in. IQrpem ' where both sides ha ve advanced their ~P;s; .:80 that. the Bishop has a ,cle'at laiQIOnal ri·ght down to Black's 02. But In a position where the

diagonal has been dammed 'u:p by Black's 'i '. '. P-K.S~ the

Bishop is useless at IQB4,.·, -

The right move 'WU, '6 B- 'Q3, not only putting the Bishop on a. good diagonal (espocially after P~K5 has been played),

but guarding 'the K,P as well, ' ,

(I,) There is no objection to ... ~. ~ ·K.t X P, Now' each, player has ,ov,f;rlooked, this capture: twice !

(j) No indeed ~ 7 ~3 ~ is far from best 'f i P X P ,vas ~·m'~"·p··,~·"'''·l''''-r'v'! i::-;p.._'r"" w!~'.·hi··:I·~"';"'t.., B',·l:~~-.L~S~ ,~-~~~ IDl~' -, ··p',~,:as·. '''n'l~rm'':-:: .. -'A:-U·:-~'I-y-~

~f ~. I," ua-u ~, W~ I . I (;11. - - tclt;JL. ,', O~f~' ."' tiL V ~ ~ I ~ II ~I 1 I I V _. 5.1 :,"

'lirit'b, '1 .~ .~.'..., KP X P (OPeJling' the __ di~gonal of his Q~" aD,d hence much :S;UPi er,j,lor' '101 '1 ,,,. ,", ,,,.:,, :81" :X, P, 1:0 o~, w(J,([ids.,. the dlisap'peaLanlce: lof' the :KP' lr,emJWl!V1es· the chief ,oblrtacl~e 'It,QI the :Bmack QB?'s development} ..

The improvement thus effected in Black's ,g.am,c would merely demonstrate that 'White had not made the most or .hi'$ superior position ..

(k) . Inexperienced players often have _:a fondness for timewasting checks, ," '" ... :, ~Kt5ch is pointless, as 'the :Bi"sbop . is .a't once driven aw,ay with 8 ,P~B3~

(!) 8 • ~ ,~ ~ Kt:....Kt.s? is a poor move because' Black is mO\fin,g this piece a second time- de'sp~~e the fact that he is

.. co,nsid,er.a,bly' b,e,hi,nd, in development. He should have reeon-

CJ'''li ed h- - ,. .., .... 1If·· to· th e W;Q,Q,ll.,-- th t would PAiiZ'i'il'ilIt ~~ ,

__ ~--'''''' , ',lmiitJ, ,': ,.:. .," ~~Anesses ',' _a '. ,. ',i'" ~, " .... ;'~.~" _ lllvm, per ...

~ttin,g B, x: Kt, continuing his developmene Y1itb, 8 " ~, ~ :;

D I") ,~, and PI'l":-It'PI·"··:O;D' ~'.'lnl~'." +,'A. f","'),,~t'II;¢.'

~~~ [a~·I. I &1'''''1 -g . .ill.ll. I~ ~ ~!I!'

- I(:'D~:) 191"~ " .. '," ;" P~:!Ji4.:?':is"qoitle 'USlemess~, It s:biolulld, .h:IlVle.

been :rr'qJ.la1oedl 'bly 191 ,~, ,~, ,~,:; KtxB; IIO' Q,xK,t (a~'tho·u.gh 'B:la,ell~,

h . d d W" 'L~. ,', d [ b hi iii... .-.

as, spee; ,Ie; 'up \, ; "Il,ltc' :s -:~Ieve.lop:meo.'t . y tl.1 m exchange, he

A: 3'·" "T

has removed a useful White' piece in, exchange for a, useless

BI ck '.. ) '"0 'K", ,t': I' d b 0" 0 'BI k':iI' d '}

,_ I acx pl:ece. , ,.0=-2 ,10i,10we,.': ,Y' .. ,~ 4 ...... ,;,'lI "acs,: eve op ...

"':'.,.,'. ··n·[t" would be baekw ard for al'~ least (!!,o':;m; ;'e' tim A to 'c:'.o,m·.·I.· .. e .. '

,me .. , .. , "'''' .. , Jl, .... ', __ . __ ', ~"" .. !U. . ~ ,il;",... ~.. ,'. ..1 .. 11;..; . II.).' , . ,. '[

b 't hisr itio ",.',." I'd,' be ,', ite ",~, .. ,.' b ',1" :U..IS, posmon wouio ne 'qw[ e plLaya[ ,e ..

.( n.) Black is troubled 'by the strong position of White's [Queen" which prevents him from playing out his Kll, But this could have been remedied 'by :IO '.. '.. .." :K t >c B; r I

P'vK··'·',t' 'K"'t· B"·.:· "00'" W·"h"'t··" ··t .. :''''., " the arts ""'k' .. : ,I.L.· " ,A, ,I, '_, ':-",3 ,€L~", nne mus give u,P rne arraca on Line

'K"K' P' t: "'f" Q" 'K' (' h Q 'k '", ib 1

,i:::, t,', tor ,1.' 1:2,. ' .• ' .. ' "_ t30t . er '·,uleen moves make It :POSSl. '.I!.e

,~ .. ,., 'B"'1':: ck to 'd' evelon his 'K'" ·B·'·): Kt-Ra l: "S'" Q'~-B'···3·.' Kt xB .. ·

,1.'Or ~:.·"ac~_ .,,0, :eve op , IS,:., .,. ,,- . ''''''1'' "',; .1"" ""i~' ".1,., ."

" 'Q'" X·· .. "K' "'t £'LB····, 1 And r ~ wheth J!:!!.t .. , 0 ' .' ot '(~n...~t·· . ,' .. .h ,:,.C·. ''':. '.,'

14, ',.': ,::' j' ~~ '·,3 ~ " I.,. now, \it' .... ~' eror no, ",',.1.die exc , ,anges

In:,. ee ~", Bla ck will 'a' ·,t 1. 'a" st b e a ble to pla ... y. his KB·· to .Q ........•• 3,' "':<"..u.ens, ,_." , __ ,. ., .... ..~ .. .t. ",' . . . '"" __. . " '

followed 'by castling. Black, would, then have had the advan ...

tase .,.·.,~¥Ii

,~SUMMA,R',r .. ~' This game illustrates a number oj very bad faults .. 'These are. chiefly .. ~ lack 'oj delJelopmt;nt", tsaste of time, ov:er'S'igkt of

'I if ~ l d l b if ...l'Jfi' ~ b "l'~

nnns (T" ma tenat an: totat a' -. •. sence ,0'" anry' detensioe [al-tt9'.··.'",

.. "·W., ." .. ~.~"~.' ~ .. ' '.'~~ V,W-:.· . ~.f.c.. '.,' _ '" . . .

LES.S'Q,N· II

(a) 2 P:....Q3, is a 'V'ery weak m.ove because it voluntarily nems in ·Wlti18·'.s KB~ In' other words, it lis· exactly the same kind of mistake as Black committed in the previous ga'me with. his combination of. i .~ .P~K'3and .. ~ · .P:.....QB3.·~ T.his is a mistake frequently committed by' in,expe:rienloed players,

The vproper course 'would be 2, Kt-,KB'3, and if 2' ~ .. ". ,.

K't-QB3., White can, either develop the KB with ~:Kt5 or :~B4, or else posl/)'ou'c (b·ut not pTe.lJent', as does the tte;xt) the development of the K'B with some such move as ,3 K,t~B3

Or 3.~:- P~_iQ'>.·· A

._~ ~ r' " .... '-'"

(b) In' view of the fact that Whit.e has, already restrained his mobility with 2' Ps.,Q,3; he ought to, be alert for opportunities, to increase in some other w'ay' the amount of terrain. at his disposal, 'One; way of doing 'th:is would 'be 4P-~.B4, assuring him the open KB file. The: student should reflect that th()ughifu1'll£SS Of n:egligeTU'e' in mak~ing opening' l1u'}I;:es w'ill pr~duc~ 'a l~ting'dfoc,t (In: ,ihe s;ub;eq~en:t' !ckar~td··~ ,the g~'~'. ..,',,' : '

(c) 6 :Kt-'Q5 irs perfectly useless, Generally speaking, beware of .1lWvi'n;g the same ,p:iec.e tw.ice (or euen more' ,often!) in ,the ,op,etzing. This is a good piece of advice which is repeated in every manual on the game, and continues just as steadily to 'be neglected 'by' inexperienced players, And yet, once you give some study to the .matter, it is easy to realize that if the, same plece is. mooed seoeral times, de,ve.l~pme.nt suffers badly, time is

lost and the opp'onent is hound to gain the i'n,it ia five 00 , • On the other

hand, if you striae consc.ietuio.usiy ,tode,'()slo:p neto pieces 0.11 ,e'very' flW1JC 0'7 as often as possible, you witl be' bound to hase a .strong de..utlop.tnent, wi.tli .pro.mising middle game prospects, in short order. ,A. little schooling in this process will soon, enable a player to develop: his ,pi1eces. rapidly and avoid working one or two pieces to death,

(d) Yes, 7 B~:K:2? is a mistake, because Black can now win a Pawn by 7 " ~ .. 1 Kt x Kt l; 8.P xK~ (forced, as B B:X,B?'? Kt(4) x.B 'costs White a. whole piece], B X B·.;, 9 P X 'Kt:, ,PX .P,. etc,

, ,

4.5' ,

, '

, C;AN' ,BLACK., WIN ~s6w : " " , ,

'MA,T.ERIAL? " ", , ,':' ,

I' '. • • I I

, BLACK,', " "

. :~. .

--:

, ,

" ..

. 'I.

l ,

. .' . , '

, ,

, ,

, ,

" .'

W "

, " " ," a:~rE,

" ",' , " ,(Position after 7 B-:-K2) , : ,

.: ' ': ':A~" attempt .on 'Wh,tte~~, :p'art.' to regain :,the "PaWn 'would be~' " . ,:f~:uitles~~:, .ro Kt:x,B, ,B:'«B,;,'" II' Ktx,BP, BxQ; I2'Kt~x,Q;,:' B ~ ,P,3, "-:'l,3 'Kt-K6" ']K;-Q2"; [4 Kt x P,. B x P; and )3latk .is "

, still a : Pawn, ahead !, "" " ~: ",' ,

, ,.'Wb''il~; ':\¥hite can h,1 ardl- b - r ·~'t, ic ~.' ed £0'· 'r· fa iling to.' fore' see .. ' '

, ,,',' ~ _ _ _ _ _.- __ , . ,y e CTI I, IZ 11." J.'~ _ _ _ ._, . ~ ..

,: ' this, ,involved, variation the j .' - 0' .. tant p' oint for' Us to keep r

" , ,.. , ," , _ _ __ . " Imp .r.. . . 1. _.. . _ .__ . _ _ .

,':ili':'~ind>,,~s,' that the loss of the Pawn arises' from .the faulty

, '6'Kt.i.QS ',,' ' , ' ' -

:(erAS~a}readY pointed out, 7 . ~.; KtXKt! was the.

':', move. ': ':, ': ',',," ..,' " ' ' " , " '

~ ':':, ,~(f):, ,:~OW' that both .sides .have overlooked the win', of, a " ':

'P' fc Bl " - ,_. ~" - '- ,'~ , , ' "

, ,,:' awn ',,~.r::':', ack, White 'had .an .opportunity to redeemhimself':".

, ','by: play:ing, TO Kt XBc.h~' ,In:' thisrway he 'would obtain, a,"', .. ,fair-:,gaip.e' .and avoid-Joss of material. Yet his, development ", ,:,,~tould':,h:ave'l~gged' behind that ofBlack; and "all because of ',':

, three '~9~es' of 'his, 'Q~t '(Kt--;B3,~'Q.5 and Kt x Ec:h) in' order ,',' .: 'to.: be exchanged for' ,a .plece which had moved only, once, ,"

, :,' (g): There was no-reason .for not playing i>:., • 'Ktx.K .. .. ,,'

,!'Wh'lch wouldstill have ,\von a Pawn. " , :', '

:" ':' (~) 9, Q~:Q2 ,?,? ,is a serious blunder permitting th~ obvious ': ": reply ~ ,.'~' P X"B~: Again it must 'be,' emphasized .how vita]:

" .: it ,:; ~ t{\ '''1,!efac.e CUeTY mooe with a, q uick examination' of the "

• : ..' • I." • • .' I •

.. ,

b d k .~ b ~ P ,. Bl d

: oarc to ma se certam t, 'at no pIeces are en: 'nS8~ '. " un · ers

such as 9 Q~Q2?? are so elementary and so utterly ruinous of any ambition to become a better player, that they are the first fault to be eliminated ..

Wbite:~s, best move was, doubtless 9,t.J}.X Kt, B, X B, maints :", .z, .. b' ...• '. Q'c", K'" t i . " d :".- . +:. '"r' oosit ion ,',' ,t, 1', ast £0"'" "

, .. ammg [. 1lS '. /',' ," m a aommanng POSt I' n" a" ieast 1.1 of some

't" "1' t·,·: .. · ·o··'m· C'"

Im,e ,0 C .' .... ,.

(:i) This Is if anything an even worse blunder than 'Whit,e:'s last move, . '" ~ P X B was correct ..

A ~, , h d' s: dvi th ~ ~

galn we must stress the neeo ror stu' Yln,g the posrnon

, befor« B!Oery mote to. discover any possible captures,

(j) A' .. b th id h l' k d ib J

·.:~gai:n, .' 0'. smes r ave overtooked a possitue capture,

'W' hi "lIl h th .. h'l> d B~' h

'".:,' ite ~Stll nas i I ie opportunity to save '~1S, menace ." . '.:1:S~ lOP,

but he continues to overlook his, chance. He should have

" ··')':·····d ,.-. K' t ' .. .Bch Q',X·)K··.··'t· .. , ," Kt x Kt P .. 'x B'" ,,", 'B' X· "'B··

p.:aye,_ 10· x,·c , ..... ,', ! 1 , .. ~, ..... _';..,,' 1.2 '.,.'"

KtXB·'(if:l2 ..... ,.",P'xKt; 13 IQXP and, W,hite has won a Pawn) '. I3'Kt:-B5" with a fine gam, ...• ne for- lIVhite

• - ~. '. ' •. ' ., _., I . _,' ..., _ _ __ "'.. " ,,: • '_ _". • _ _. _ .. •

Doesn't that sound. contradictory ?~ HOV~l can Whit'e have ..:., ,6. ne ga' •. me after (;"0'" many bad m .. ··'G· ves? The answer l·I'"~·S· in

...a :' =' ,'. !.' .'_'. __ ,_' . 11 ",' Ii). ".' ' .. '_' '. .. __ ",' I ,. _.-""', .•..• ~, __ " •• 1.,.....,.. 1IL,..o . .I.. ; _~_ " ,

Black's consistent failure to explOit f.Vhi'te's mistakes.

'There is, another aspect from which the text must be

~ d h h li] .. l'M · ~ d la

exammed : the psycnorogrcai. , .. :, any Ine:xpert.ence,· p .. ye:rs

h- ..... lI .. ,_:C". hievi I ,. '1 .. ave a weakness lor ac, nevmg more or uess symmetrical

.. ~ .. hi h th l .. ..,. 'iL.. '.. ,. ., h

positions, In W.·lC· •. ," ey answer attacks on tneir pieces WIt',: ..

a, corresponding attack on the opponent's pieces, (This is

justw'hat..,has happened in the case of White's 10 P~~R3,?'?) However, such a policy is often, dangerous, 'because the man who makes the first of the contemplated exchanges has the

'. ~., ~ "1.... h b" '"'11- c b" ~bl

:znlt'ltzt'tUC, W:ll1C,., means t rat It Wll otten be impossit e to

'. ~ hi 11 hi T" id -

irmtate fum all, tne "\o\i",ay. ',:0' consx ... er an extreme mstance,

he cannot be Imitated if during the' course of a, series of such exchanges, he ",happens." to be the "~I' first' to checkmate: l

(k) If I II KtxBch, 'Q'xKt; 12' ,B xKt, 'QXB, [stronger

: har , ': 'K' ' t x'" 'B'" "h- . 'II' ' ..... 'Q'" .: ...... "K:··t 1')':' ,"' . " cp oc , ' B",:· ("~'f: '.' cB' .... B"

t, an ,12 ... II' ,.1,. ··.Cc c~' 13 ", :: X. I:: 'II', 13 ,cX .. _,1[ .. 13 ". x, c,

QX E, ~ wins a. piece, since after 1:4, P-B3, Black can play either

'. ,'. 'K:' . t'-,K7cc' h: 1, ' 'X, 4' Q'~K"" 7' .), .Q ..... 'x P ~ ~ 'r. 'Q" R' -'K-:' 'Ii'

14 'II' 'II' ., ·,c or -:_ · ~ .. , .. : "". ~, .1,4.' ,'_"'~

Q- x····· RP and Black is. two Pa1Arn8 to the g,·.ood 'with a strong - ... , k I'" .. h' ' " · .. ·d· h ' ',~" , h ' .. ' ',' "h' . . 'b" .... '.' '.'

attac t. . '0, otr er woros t , .. ere 15 not much to CI ioose etween

the text and II K t X Bch,

....

,

'(

...

A N;S"Ii:AJ"'!I:.",n II:!! ,~~ . .;[-.yy~~

47

(l) w-' ~'h-" ~,-" -, - t - - li - "'Q""'" p,,?,;> b f ,

_--_1,-" rte must not p~.ay 1.3," ,x ,I, r : _Ie'ca.,use er 1,3 ~ ~ .. _

Ke x K"t winning another _ piece, But I3 K.t X Bch, 'Qx :Kt ~ ]: 4 Qx P was feasible, although Black would have' a definite

~ '. d t

wmnmg ac vantage.

(m) Naturally Black has an easy 'win, but why go about it in such a slovenly manner? There were- several preferable moves as c: - example -J'3' Kt xK t: 'rA P "X"'" Kt P' K""'B;"-

',' __ 0, ',';', J.or I, ""--,-,-- __ ' ",': • .... " -'- '~"--" ";y- ,---:-,-, ,- '" -'4;

or 1:3 I' I' ~ , Kt~:R4", followed by ~ ~, ,~ P~'QB3 in order to secure the exclusive mastery of the powerful square KBS .. In, either even t,:-, Black '"~,O- uld have had: a fine g',am,e with <

_ _ __ _ ,. , , ,~ ,,' _ _.. _.' .... __ ,_ ,. _, . _ .. ,_ a

quick win in. sight ..

Right here we must make the acquaintance of another concept which we shall refer to frequently; the habit. of strivlng to win a won game in the most economical and most ejftci ent manner. It might be thought pedantic and carping to insist on, Black's playing more exactly than he does" more powerfully than he does .. After all, with a whole piece ahead, why should Black bother to be careful? He can win as he pleases, etc. etc. But experience and observation tell 'us that such careless ... ness often en d ~,[I"lg'e'·'rs a' nd some, :tI- ~m'" e s fl" in ~ a wa y" 'a', ''1,;1;.70' n g- a m e

- ~ ":" ~., ~ " G.a.'_.1 .',~ '",~ .• ". '. ': .• I """D~ 1- .: .. " 1.-. 't'f. [', ['," '" ..

The mistakes which start. off 'by being on a small scale frequently mount up,; and in any event" why tempt fate?!

" (n) 'T,he. one possible objection that could be offered, against playing Kt X Bch followed by' QX P" is that generally the player Vl.1 th a material disadvantage ought. to avoid exchanges, which onl y simplify his opponent's task. However, in the present instance, White has a weak middle game position (exposed, King), so that avoiding exchanges won't help much,

(0) 1.5 P~Q4? is another blunder, as Black can simply play' 15 ~ ,,. .. , QP X P, and \Vhite"s QP is. pinned,

(p) There "vas. no reason for avoiding 16 '.' .. ~'}. p X P, which would still win a Pawn,

(q) 17 Q~Q3, was 'better, as it would have held, the Pawn,

(r) There was no good reason for avoiding .. P X' P.

No-te ll-o~~'--'both - -playe':rshave . been ",failing" again" and ~,g~i~

to make indicated captures, and, how Black is blundering his wav .. c- head insread of evolvins some clear-cut, winning,', , J "Y. I a .. . 1____. .;0 , :

procedure.

. W:HA:T SHOULD 'WHITE :PLAY'?

r ~. - ":- •

,B-U,CK

! /

WHITS (Position after' 2 x ." . " ,~ K,tf~~5Ch?) .

. . . .'

(--) . -- K-'''"'t, 'B":h?? i .a-seri ,-,.' bl. id .-- lAT'h--"',t, -'.

. S 21 ~ ~ .. ,-~5C.-' ,; ~ .S .~_",serl.oUSU~"er, a.sfl ... ·~ .. e·

" . can now regain the lost piece .with Qx·~Kt r This exemplifies . . another important general rule ;: .wh~ri you: counter an: attack.

. on one' ofyou: pieces with an attack: on one of,your opp(j~n;t~s. piect$".

you must make certain tha: the position does not present your opponent- . with an. oppor,tun-iry for a surprise 1JW'vc.. This, you., will note, comes under the :more .general rule of scrutinizing each

position for possible: c aptures .. '. . . .

- Instead of '2:1 " ." "" Kt--:Bsch?? a .. Queen-move .·W'?ts . .in :

order, '. '. .....

(t) 'White misses his chance . 2'2' ·QX Kt , was correct . (11.) With: 27 . ~ ... , .. '" ',P'--Q 6 Biack - esta..blis.h~s· a' 8tro:~:g'p,~ssed'

Pawn. ~ .

(v) 29 R-:: K4? . is, a pointless reply to Black's 'pointless 2:-8 • .. .. ' P~Kt5~ White should simply .have played 2'g- P X J)~ , ~ The text is very bad, however, ,as it allows the' Q~ to advance ~:

"r "I: n hin dere d. Passed Pawns should be blockaded. -.... .

I'A,.' .'. L ,~\ •• ,.. ~. • • t,." .. - u~ ..

SU:M MAR:Y:' This ga.me- is ckar:acteri"zed by planlessness, gross .: ()vers~ghts and serious 'inexactitudes. These Jaiti:tigs call attention to basic rules which must be' kept- in mind' in oariab {y unJil they haue .

become second nature. .

"L' E-' 8···8·····0·· ····N·'·' 1'1' "1,

I I . '_ _', -', -. ." .,"" :: . ~ . ~, .

(. a' ·.)1 ·B··Ilo::IIIC:·.k. :'Q. :3'" .. .' . . p·:·;-.Q·.· 4': raises th . e· possibil ~··l·ty··· :0··[·0 .

",' '.: , . u· _. . Ii:'- .... ' iii Ii ill, _ _ ; . ,", _,.Q,. _~"'" .. _' l.. , ... ~" _ _ "_, J:. ," ,J '.' " 'I!

P-'Qs,,. driving away' the Knight, to 'be followed by. ~ ~ '. ,:p~.K4 and . ,. .~ P-"B,4 with a strong centre for Black. Since 2 '" ,,: . , P ,B3 is obviously a preliminary .for ~ .. ~ P~Q4j White should have foreseen that 3 :Kt~'QB'3. would turn. out unsatisfactorily ..

'(h) . White 'would like to play P~4,.· but if played at once it 'would, ·be answered by . ~ '.. p 'x ,P". and it would be by no means eas :y' 'to" regain the Pawn if at all P i"!!.'-''''':' LIA "H' .... d

, :. : .. 'I'o'.'.'!!'~' ',:' > I.' .'~ .. ',: e- '~.~~'. ~ ,~!(~",,, ':1,: :~_ .. ,~'. ~~-lIU'.'""~,,. ), .a: !

'W,hite ,played,·.3 ·:Kt"·KB3:} then 3 .. '. ~ , P-Q4 could simply be answ .. e .. J ... ed· .. ····.;· by 4': P~;Kt3"" a :5: the reply 4' .. .. . ". P. ':"~Q: .... 5,· ':,'0·.'" ld

o ~ 0 ~ ~ .. . _ '.' .• • ." _ . '."" • , • ,~~ '"' ' "0. W U.ll...

not gain time, .

'. We, therefore conclude that while 3 ,Kt~B3 is a developing

· move, it is an iniudiCious delJ'81opitl:g mooe, since it: does, not confer b ·.e··, nefits but actu al ly"'" l' e .ad So' ·t:o.· sub se .q, uen t,·· difficulties.

_. _ ... ~ ~.C-l,ll~. __ .. . ¥.~. ~ .-~ , I.l·. . 1i.1... . ., .&._ =. U_I~ .. 1i:J ..

,D'evelC?pmmt must be farsi:ghte.d.. '

By playing 4, P X p) '\'\",hite avoids any embarrassment incidental ,to. his QB,P:'s. being en prise", but he permits, Black's

. QKt to develop to the relatively more favorable square QB:g, . rather than to .the more modest 'Q2.. And we have

.' 11· . - d •. ' , 'Ii' a:rn d that t.·~h··, .. .... .y.". t t i..» t'l.. .' -li.v- ''-'-'-1' t1 .

alrea_y . e : ... 1, ;, e ~ t.. :" /: _ ··C nearer a ,.n ntgtk is ,,0 tne em!", ,e, aua fte

farthsr ·n'7,·:']an~ ,~,t: is from :t··,~, ... ed. g ... 'e 'o~f' ,~L,,_ board the more fa oourablv ,;':t:

[ .,Ii?t:t~"~ ~.~ ~. ~~.-_·I.'v~·,., .. itt; ~ ... '~" U' ute. ' .... " ,.~', .. \.1.'- ~~[:" 1I-.··j[;I., .· .. u:/' 1--.'

is 'usually posted

· '(c) 5 , .. ~: B-B4 looks attractive, but would subject Black, .. to. strong pressure 'by 6 Q-,Kt3 I He therefore decides,

· ,on the less ambitious, text-move. .

(d) '1 ·Q-,B2 threatens 8 Kt x P,. But this threat can easily' be met by a dt,tJel()pi,~g move which gains time 'with a threat.

Simply "7' B~Kt2, followed by 8 O~~O was in order, .

The, 'move actually 'played, however, has two drawbacks: ( I) the. 'Qu,e~:n at B',2 -\v,ill soon be opposed by a :Bltick Rook on the same file, making possible uncomfortable . indirect

· threats .directed against the "Qu,een's, exposed positionj (~). as the. game . goes, W,hit'e soon cr,eates"~ a weakness on 'his

hi t . 0 0

1i..~j. 1'1 ~e: sq" '; i1a··-· ·r: ·'·e- ~,. J

,,..~, _, .. , .. ,Y .... ;;;1 ..

'49

(e) 7 '~ ", ., K,t-B3, prevents 8 K,t)( P and also, attacks the 'Q,P ..

(f) 8 P---:K:3 creates a weakness Ion the 'white squares, In what sense are 't'b,ey 'we'ak,'? They are weak in the sense t'h,at

• or h'"- .. 'Wh~ ; 1-'; d

quite a tew white squares in,,' ute's camp are no tonger g,uarue~

~y Pa;wns and '~ust tilerifore' be guarded' fiy p_ie:ces .. , __ '1h,e mest Important of these p'rot~:ct]n,g forces is Whiite):s, KB;: if this, piece should ever 'be exchanged, then White's white sq'uares

-'~rl ~ "dl ..... ,.ji "L~ -- - - b ad' " - ..

lrV,J!.l _ l;n,~Jeeo ne In, a -"'_-_ way,.

:No,te 'this point as 'well : the fact that no less, than six Whit,e, Pawns are: on black squares, commanding only black squares, not onl y renders the white sq uares weak; it, also, tottsiti8rably' restritls the aetivif1 of the other White Bishop .!, 'T hese 'two kindjs of weaknesses gohand in hand, v'ery- often the K:B, being' known, as the ~'s,tfong"" or "'good,~~ Bishop, and the QB as the ""weak" or "'bad'" Bishop, W'e had an example

0,-- C''''- i!i!! .. " ......... L. '!'II. C'I!; b - d , ~ B' -';!!'!h'o'p' '!:,ft th of!>- ,C.-It' aamc'- feer 'B' 1, ..... _1""j';to 'ii' .-

_ _ ;, ~it.lU;.ll :Q" I ',31- , " ': :iL~ )., ,:~, ,b~, i r , ',~ .• U . .Il~ ~ ,t:~i., '1 1 1 :' W t-\,. , '_ L '~,.]; j&, ,~ ';Ii' Ii> "

P ..... :,K3 and ~2 '. ,~ "" :P~B'3", and you will recall that this . Bishop never made a, single :m.ove ..

_ ,A final point: 'White - could have avoided the weak.ening' 8, P-:Kg 1),y substituting 8; Q~Q I ,; but this would be an admission that his seventh, move was pointless.

(I) ,Sin,ce this ," 'bad" Bishop has no scope 'to. speak, of, :it would have been more sensible to pr-oceed, with 19, ~,Kt2 and '1'0 I~O'~

_ (h) It ~s true that Black's Q,B is also at "bad ~u Bishop but its, move has point, since it. makes room, for aRook on the Ql3- file, 'wit'h, a, conseq u~nt menace to 'White~ s Q1iJic:en,~

_ (I.)· I tis, Black who bes the stronger position ,on, the QJ) file since his Rook is, of mess value than the White Quem, so tha,t Black need, be less afraid of any possible action along this file ~ -

(j) White does not fear i 2 ~ .. • , Kt 'X P '? which he 'will answer with I3 BXBcll1; :KxB;, 14 Kt-Kjch l and wins, Aside from thistactical point, th .. e. text is, s;till another example Oil aimless development; fbr- as $OO'D as B,iack, is castled, he '~vlll _be threatening ~ ~ ~ Kt x P (the QB_ will no lo;nge-r be pinned)" and if White, avoids this with BXKt; Ais' ,mniiie tfUllf81 ,will,hec.,iJ,me.' ;w,ak~

ANS",(!L7'"'I:;?'::O't'! ~·vp~

5,1, '

WHO HAS THE STRONGER POSfTIQN, ON 'Tim "QB FILE?

BLAng

W HITE

(Position after I 0 ~, ~, .. ' '", QR-J3,!)

(k) ,As, already pointed out, Black now threatens :I3 . ii, ~,

'KtxP~, '

(1) If 1,4 Qx:B??, K.t~I4 wins .. The shaky character of ~ ·Wbit~ls, position on the QB file has now been, amply' demon .. , strated. But now the QB;P' will be weak.

(Dl)' Not 1:4 '. '", '",' P-K4,) because of IS B'x Kt followed'

by - I 6' Ktx ,P' winning a Pawn" '

, (n)', If .r 5 ',B X Kt, ',R xB 'to' be followed 'by .. ~ ~ P-QKtg and/or ~ .". Kt'="K5';, White would be weak on the white " ',squares;, with his (;, good :" Bishop gone, and worse yet, his exposed QBP 'would be subject 'to- .iil.te'nse pressure-s-the natural outcome of his weak position in the 'QB file: ..

If, on the other hand, 15 B-K2, the white :s'q,u.ares are gu.arded,l' but Black secures a fine game with .. ~ ~ P~K4,,' le-aving .Whice badly cramped, with poor 'prospects for his pieces-s-the logical outcome of so many injUdici'ous ,dcvelopifl;g MQ,Ves ..

(0): Black threatens , .. " P-,K.s., indicating that 15 B-'Q.s? was evidently the worst. of the three possible alternatives. :N ote how purposefully Black develope-s-and without creating weaknesses,

.. .. . .

(p) 16 B=-:,K,2 'was probably best-although, it would admit " tha t his previous move: was 'waste of' time, .. , Nate' It(),W ~WJl:iti) S superficial m(FOeS are punished' with a 'minimum of effort

..(q)J7 Kt-Q,4?? would lose a piece after 17 .... , KtxKt.

Protectuu; forces must be ,t:~ /rom auack. , ' "

, ,(r) Whjte"s faulty play, .has resulted in "the: exchange of: his - c .: , good ~" Bishop> and the remaining '(' 'bad n' Bishop is :

pow-erless to guard the hapless white squares. The logical':

'.-' --·····~ .. -,·l· :t~' ",_. th - '1-'6 re' a -,' ,w, i c'll irrva sic -. ,n the -I ~ .~" .' .ote :,"'- d '

resu. ,is 1_, ,ere __ o. ' '.- _ po _ ~ erJ.,lU .. '_ ~cs~_.on" 0.. ,.-.,.e un,pro .. ecteo

hi d "', '.. h4 th - k BI .... l .. ,' '1

w, ite squares, an, l't rs trns " at .mai __ es !_,! ack's last move so '

fo "rm:--:' idable - ,

J.lt .. I 'J I·· ,u,· ·f .~

'WHiT,E,~~ 'WIUT.E, SQP~S .ARE. l'VRET'GHEDL Y. ' \VEAK.

B,L1\"CK

... "

- - - ---- -- - -- -- -_.-

, 'WHITE' .. ' ,,',:, :

, (Position after 18 '~ , 4 ' '.;, " , '

Kt] 2)-1<4) -

(5) .If 19 ,O~O, ,Btac'k has 'many good lines, the simplest being 19 .... " Kt xKt; 20 Px'Kt" Kt-Boch winning a Pawn with. much the superior position~, Among the moves which .wasted time for' W:hite' were.i :3 ,Kt~QBg,;' '7 Q--B2;"

" 9 J8-Q,2',;, to R"':BJ\ ,12 ,~~t5 and the remaining other 'U1;l-', fortunate moves of the ~B,. Meanwhile Black 'has,' played si!flpie: ,d,evelop~in,g moves, avoided, weaknesses, 'and posted

pl'eces, on, effective ~:sq~ares.. , ' ,

(t) I 9 ~ . '." 'Q~'B3 threatens 2'0 " .. "; Kt X: Ktch ; 2 r P X :Kt) Q-:-B6e-b winning a RQok !

AN'S'W' 'E- 'R-- ',C;!'

,:~'::,,_-, '",10

(u) If 2'0 KR~Bi; KtX,Ktch; 21: P X Kt, ~B6ch; 22' K'~:'KI" Kt-Q6ch,,; ,23 QxKt, p·xQ,;;tn,d, mate next move-e-

L. b h b ·[.O'L.l':!I '.' ...J'... - d

a catastrophe . ,ro~g' ,t on .'Y· rr iate.- S incorrect v,C,tJelopmen.-t- ana

;wtrakening Of the white square-s .

. ' (v) "T,h,e text is playable, but risky because of the following

pIn.,· .

('w'): 2A ~ " . - R X-··· ' P? endangers a hithe rt '0,' well -: ... playe ',d,-"

. - a . - -, - , ,- - - __.iI, - - _. - - .........l""",y ' .. '

game:_. by Black .. , The p.ropc(:;:r mov-:e was _2,4 • • ., Q-R3! releasing' .!h'e pin with the double threat of . ,;, .' Qx Rch or

Q-,R6ch

<I' '. (:~) ":2'.5 ':Bx K.t is not best, as it allows Black to accomplish

his object, The proper play was 25 :K-B2 J (the King should have. played here in the first place), R~B5; ,2-6 P~K.tS I winning the exchange, Black's 24th move is, therefore the: kind, of inferior move which turns, a won ga'roe into a lost one, because of sup,e.rfoial calculation. Wh.en a player ecxposes himself to so dangerous a pin as, here, he' must examine all possibilities :with the utmost thQroughness ..

(' ') 6' Q' B ' 1" B'I ck ith

y,1 2_' ~ ," " ,_ '~3, was more exact, ieavmg Biaci wrtn

a gr,ea,te.t material advantage than after the text. 'Thus we return. to' the' basic maxim: - play to win i'n. t:he si-mples t and most

economical w,ay. .

(z'-)' -'- 'R'·· '-"Q' I shorn n W' ···h· it ., ist . bees --- ~.- - - . its

. '-', 29 ,':. :-'_ --' S'_~O_~ .. ens w ire s reSIS ance oecauseit ,perml_s

the exchange of Queens, 29 R~,K,I 'would· have held out

longer, - -

SU-MM""R r ']=£. 1. Bl k; d: l d' l

''',;.,,:_'. /uct : 'i itt' contrast beuoeen c.-'.' ack:s .or;er~ ,evl!.,_op,rnent

and. White"'£, planless ',play became so g:reat that the latter could no

l' Jtj.f.".' ... .:1' h ~ if" - Y.if • - - -

o.nge.r aCJ,61ai .,', imseli ade-quately~ vrhz.te~'.s chief mistake was his

ak · ~.(' h' h- .

W8,e.7it.n:g lb' /; .... .e tomte squares,

L~ E· ·'·"S') S',: O.,'I1!'.;'II'· I"IV""":'-:'

. - !.- . _ ". "." . m:'11 . ."

(a) The position is more or less symmetrical, 'with a development that may 'be summed up as harmless for W,lIite and ,effortles~s for Black, White is hard p'ut to it to obtain some i,n-i-tiative~ and the middle game 'will generally see: rapid sim,plifica.tions or pa' .. ient kmg-winded manceuvring .. AU, t-his

.. oil' 11... - h !l!>d

aSllumes: nOI serious mls,take8, 0,0. ei.t:· er :11"" .. e.

(b) Black plays this move because he :is: afraid that, afte:r' 5 ~ ,~ · , P~Q,3 his KKt VI/ill be pinned by :6 B---KKt,5'~ Iriexperienced players are so fearful of the constrain t that results from this pin. that they often advance a RP (almost alw,ays a waste of 'time.' and sometimes a weakening move) in order 'to, avoid the pin. However" after 5 ~ .' • ,P~3; ·6 B-KKt5 Black, can. play 6 " ,; ~ '", B-K.,3, and if '7 Kt-Q5,) B:x Kt; 8 B x: B,,;, P~:KR·3 :rotcing tch,e: exchange of OID:e: of the Elsh,o,ps ==-or a. p X B, Ki~K2, with pretty much, the same result,

(c) As in, Game No, ,2, Kt-·QS is pure waste of time, A"u;Cli!a- sU&.n. ~e.titi,e' luuulling l;if the .slam" ,p,i,ece in. the 'rJ~n.i~§:~ :unleil.' there i! a 'fJery good' reason /0,,. it. B- -K,3 was better ..

(el) 8 P X Kt is if anything ilrferior, as it. obstructs the diap.al of ·the Bishop; another example of n"o.w ,fJ PawM.; ca IJ'm~'t.' a: B'iisll:opl' £.f.-t;1)jJ" lJ.)~hen jJlo/c'ed' tJt1':,&1 the: sam'e~'t)'l:f!)t",'ed' s'qu;a',,, j

(e) '9 B x B gives Black an open KB file, which increases his mobility and gives him attacking' prospects later on, 9 .B--,Kt3:, ,av1oi,din']g the openingof tbe ,KB file, and obtaining

the opening of the QR file for \Vhite if'Black ~p1lays ·ro· ." ~,.B X.B,

w:a· the preferable course,

-- N'o'~ that,~~~P~:';"n";ptur:e signiflls Ike opening 01' elosing of

Q~ .fiI6·; such captures therefore lend themselves tOI p~,o"tting' th,e f~'t'U~r,eco'?~e o~the's:,a'me~ .T'husin~ the prese:l?~ ,P~wn~,posi'ti~~} Whtte's '9 B x B enables us to foresee that Black will attack on the KB file :;. whereas the evasion of the exchange by 9 B-Kt:3 avoids such an attack.

. (1:) .1 0 P~Kt3 is quite out of place" for it is played to

~~~e ~~r:~!e~ :fi~'~:~etto~ ~f,f.he,B,i~~lo,p, ,w'bi~is, ,b,~e~~r"

(aCIng a ;s.tn:n.e lNan 10 the form of ]3\la,ck. 8, ~awn. a·1 his: JC4 ...

,

54

A'iN- : '~:W-' ':C'RS'

, :> O .. ,.I!.I' ,"

- '5- '5-"'~" '

.. " • .' '.- I •.

. . .:" ",

"I :

. . .. ..

, "

. . ,".' '.

" '

, ,

" ,"

" ,",VEIlTE ,'.

, , .- : (Position after 9', . ,+ • , P x B) ,__ "

Since ,t.ht::,QB' "will have no scope at QKt2' and since in, posi;' , .: , tions .where both sides have played P~K4 it' is important to ':'" protect ·the'-"squ~e K1;J4, W"hite, would have been 'well advised .:: .. ,to'play,~K3''- ,', ',,' "

.. " There were two important reasons for 10 ,B~K3:::., ~(I-): ': , Black's Bishop, as will pe seen.,;' has a fine .diagonal .Ieading: , right ',d?~ :to ,KB2,. It is -im:portant to break that effective: ' line of 'attack; and,' tpe . best, way. to do it is ,to play :B-~,,3; ',' '{2} sinceBlack's BishopIs well placed -at QB,4 and .White's· " Bishop .would ·'be poorly 'plac~d at QK.-t.2; it follows : that', " ·::White'g, Bishop is - qu'alitat'ively inferior.: This being so;', 'it 'is', . cleO!ly' to : J1!hi~e,'s advantage to 'b:ring '~abo.ut, the exchange ~ of Bishops •

. : "·"So:rne: .players have a strong prejudice .against simplifying" exchanges, -as they like the excitement of complex positions, " ':T4,at:,is a viewpoint with which we all,' sympathize, but a". ,'playe~ isneedlessly 'handicapping himselfby wilfully avoiding', .:

.theexchange of weakly functioning pieces, " .

, ,(g) Theimmediate object of 1 I ~ • ~ ,- Q-B3, is to prevent. Wh,ite from playing P~Q'4; which would, greatly' increase ': ':~h,e,,~cope of'White's Bishop and at:". thesame time: inte!fupt:,'.:

. thediagonalof Black's ~ishop,.' , : , ' ,': ,',,' ,

" .Inaddition, ,4 "', r Q;~.B.3 ",prepares for a"King-side attack, " ." :

.' .'. .' . .'

.56

GHESS FOR A·M·A.TEURS

(h) ;; ~ ,I .P-:Q14 might conceivably be the first link in a plan "to open. the. QR file wi th ~ ~. '", p.. R5~ This is freq uen t:l:y done in similar positions, and is made possible by the move cP~QKt.3 which prepared for the unfortunate fianchetto ... Here again we have an example of hozo potentia! Paton. captures, affecting tile future state of' a file, alloto us to p.l'mz our subsequent; strategy,. But in. the present position It is still the :K:B file that plays the dominant .role ~

-- (i) 1,3 P-,B3 indicates that VVhite wants to 'play P~'Q4~ The move has 'become necessary in. order to 'block the forrnidable Black Bishop's diagonal bearing down on 'White"s K.B'2~

_ (j) 1,3 '" ", 'I' ,. K~R2 Is perfectly superfluous, Such drifting should always 'be avoided wherever possible Occasionally one runs into level, colourless positions where the formation of a plan is quite difficult; but. here, where Black 's play in. the ,KB file is soo obviously indicated, there is no excuse for aimlessness. 'The 'text, then is characteristic of the inexperienced player's tendency to fumble and mea-nder" making moves, which are no t linked in, a logical s,eque:nce ~ It is alro,aJs better to be guided by some broad, general, and ifjlJ~u will, ,v,ague plan whicn can be tentatively eool oed about the tenth mooe, and wilich, COJZ serue as ,a guid« for' the ,play that follouis.

(II:) 14 - 'Q,B2 is useless, and in fact: worse than useless: it is actually detrimental. I t is useless in the sense that. it accomplishes nothing constructive :for White's gam,e~ and, would, therefore be- replaced more usefully 'by QR~QI (intending an eventual P-Q4).. But Q-,B'2 is a bad move, in that it gives 'up some of the protection which the W,hite Knight, in view of its. exposed position on the KB file, &0 badly needs,

(I) Black at once takes advantage of White's last move by

m,e···n- acino ~ . ~R··- x·::· 'KI t ~

" .. -: _._.. . JI:. , 0- ,.' '" ~ .. " ... .. ~~

(:m) 16 :Kt=BS 'P'? would lose: a 'piece 'by 4 .. .. R X Kt (again

you see the harmful effect of 14. - Q- ;B2) ~ The KB file is beginning to prove its value [

(oJ The proper line 'Vv3S, simple strengthening' of the: press-ure on the ,KB, file, thus: 16 ~, ~ ~ ) R,-:BS; I 7 QJt---Q, I) 'QR~:KBI;, 'IS P:~Q4, B-,Kt.3~ White would then have succeeded in lightening the: p,res8ure ].)'Y having blocked the

ANSWERj)

57

hostile' Bishop ') s diagonal, but Black. 's .position would have been. much superior ..

For example: Black's Queen and Rooks would be posted very powerfully, whereas the corresponding \Vhite 'pieces would be Iimited to a miserable defensive, The contrast between '. Black's Bishop and Knight, 'bearing down strongly on W.hite·'s centre, and W.hite"s two' corresponding pieces, would be: even more glaring: for White:~:s Bishop" placed behind a. Pawn, would be completely muffled, while the White Knight, being placed at the edge of the board, would, .as we have already learned, likewise have' very little scope,

(9) The simple and, correct course 'was lIB B, >< R., winning

h h- d I '.' 'Bl k '. h .' c

t e ,exca:n:ge, and leaving :~·, .. acx WIt:·.· no compensation, lor

this material loss (I8 ~, " " , ,P X B,; 19 P-Q4', etc.). The much too greedy text, whereby 'White hopes to 'win a whole Rook, is refuted in an appropriate way ..

\¥hite"s naivete in trying to. win a whole Rook jnstead of the. exchange should not. be condemned too strongly .. , Most players would simply play 18 B X R without reflection, But -W,hite, 'as if he were following the author's advice." does avoid the' most. 'obvious move in, a won position; he. looks farther afield, and finds '. ..' " a 'worse move ~ And yet, the pro.cedur;e W'aJ right·,)" it was ~nh' the specifi'c calculation that was wrong. Therefore, the reader must not be. discouraged 'by vVhite~'s fa ih rre In a ".'" 'inni ng·· .:' p: o ,ceoif,ion c .. ·· .. ontinue to search pains-

l~. ,ur. . ,... WI _ ,. .. : .. .. L~ .. 11),._. jIo .. ~ _. . ~ _.. .

takingly fo:r the best move. .

( -.).:. Th - .. : b .. ··o.· m .. b. .has e ·:·p· .. -lo d e··· ··di 0". n lAT,hmt'"e':s··· KB:n. If I9: B x ... Q ...•.... '?'

P . e ,. , . (-k) . x ._. . .f V . .. "'i ". _ • . .,

R :X:R.' mate, illustrating classic co-operation of the forces concentrated on White's Achilles heel.

.(q) If 20 BxQ,~, RxQ, dis ch ; 21 :B-.KS, RxKtch and

..

'II:,;i;:<~!'n"'.'1 .

v f L. L:_IJ!!to .

(r) If 2:2 B-BI" ,P---1Q6ch; 23 B-K3 (else .'" -e. ~, P~Q7 wins

a piece), ,P:"""'Q.7; 24 R-KBI" R~B8! and, wins .

Ifas Kt-K.I, P=o..iQ6 dis ch; Q3, 'K~'R,!, R~K7' and wins.

( s) 2 ,2 ~ .. '. , Kt:x P ?'? is a very ~poor move, since :2' 2 .. .. .. ,

B X·:·.· Pch wins a wh ole Rook forcing .. · W"hite's immediate

. ..' _ ..,. . " 1... . . " .I.'!" ~. .' . " ~ "

resignation I In. a toon .I}()si.ti'on, ~l ways stop to find the best move I (I) 23 B--Q,B? is 'an equally 'bad mistake. Wchite should play :23, ~'K..3! avoiding the catastrophe that follows, It

LE·S···S·O····'N· v· .. '

. _ a . ~'. '," .. :."r', :', .. ". .":'

, fa) Black's 2 • " ~,' P~K3 blocks the development of his QB. (We have already noted a number of instances, in which a player reduces the scope of a Bishop 'by putting one ormore Pawns on sq'uares of the SaID',e colour.) This is not to say that the: Bishop is to be hemmed in permanently, If Black is aware of this flaw in. his development, he will take' steps later on, to rectify it. If Black is not aware of the danger, there is a strong possibility that the Bishop 'will be, ineffectual througho ut the game ..

How' CAN BLACK FREE, H· GA' 0"

,IS ... ~ME"

,BLACK

WalTE (Position after 9 '13.:x P)

(b) Since Black's position, is cramped" his pieces have less

. ,qualitative value: than have White's, Material equality is, not

th II .~, ;0 f f' HI k ~ it h II

, e only criterion: 1'. most 0. :', ac, ". s pieces r ave tess scope

than their White counterparts, then Black has the inferior position. It is therefore adoisable JOT' Black to ICfJUrt exchanges" :whereby he wi'tl rid himsel] oj some poorly functioning Black pie'ces in return for some ioell-placed White pieces. COTltJorsery White, having the freer gtune, should strioe to aooid exchanges as much. as

59

60

CHE..~·~ FO·.' R· •• ·" ·MA-'TE .. U·R·· iI;:!'.

. ~ w ~", . ~ ~ ~~. =, . . . ~

,possihle ;. each exchange will l}ery likely r:C'dUC8 his margin of' greater

mobility. .

Applying these general rules. to this position, we see that

.. Black should play 9 ~ .' .. ,I{t-Q4; 10 B-:x.B (an exchange in some: form cannot be .avoided), QX :B; rr '0·-0,. Kt X~ Kt; 1::2' Qx Kt:.,.P~QKt3 1, followed by .. " &-Kt2 and '" ~ 'j;

P~[QB·4,giv.ing the Bishop a beautiful diagonal. .

Had Black played in. this recommended manner, hie would have, exchanged two pieces, placed his Bishop on a fine diagonal, and obtained, full equality in the centre, (It must be borne in mind that Black's position requires the freeing moves, . ,', . P-K4, or ., ~ .. P:-'QB4' if it is not to remain permanently cramped, It is si,gnificant that either of these moves noton.Iy gives Black equality in the centre and a. half-open 'file for his Rooks (K file or QB, file: respectively}; either of these moves is. also an: essential pre liminaryto the emauci-

,pation tif the Bish-oP~) .

(e) Black could still have freed himself with .. ,. ~. ". Kt-.~4." (d) This is inferior because it not only continues to neglect . the: problem, of getting the QB' into play, but it takes the

Knight to the edge of the board, which means that its mobility is still further reduced,

The: indicated continuation was 1:1' ... ~'.; p,~:K{.; Jl2P X' P, KtXP;. I3 :KtxKt.,. 'Qx:Kt~ If then I4 B--B4, Q~IQB4·.!.; 15 KB--.KtS, ~B4; or I5 B~Q.s.,,· B-·K.3; and in either event Black has finally brought out the Bishop effectively,

(e) 12 Kt-.K4 is incorrect strategy because White thereby voluntarily' brings about exchanges which he should do his best to avoid! He thereby' mitigates some of the evils caused by Black's ill-judged play. The right' __ way. was I:2 Kt~K5" occupying the 'vital square K5;, control of which has. just 'been abandoned by Black's last move. Also good was 'r 2 ~P~K4,. with .a formidable positionin the centre.", .

(f) The effect of White's i sth move has manifestly 'been to relieve the crowded position of Black's pieces.. Neverthe-

less, Black's Bishop still has no scope~ ,.

_ (g) Neither move on each side had .any object, -Black

should have played r 7 ", <I ~'.,. .P~QB4!, answering I ~ P X P

or ~8. R:x .P'?' with . ., .. ,. Qx P ~ or ~ .. ~ Qx:R ~ respectively. -

ANSWERS

61

White in turn should have answered ii1 ...... , , K~RI' with 18 :R --Q2 ~ getting rid of the ma,ting threat on the' last rank; for if then 18 ~ ~ " , P~JQB·4?; 1:9 R X P and now' 19 ' ... ~ .,. Q:X R? will 'not do because White's other' Rook is protected,

-, (h) Black could not have played 19 ~ .... , P~:K4? for there would have followed: 2'0 Kt x P, Ktx Kt ; 21 Qx:Kt, QX Q; 2'2 .PX.Qo;:R x:R .. ;. 23 R X R.,~ RX'P??; 2.4 R~'Q8c'h and mate follows (so Black's. last rank. is also vulnerable l),

However, 19 ~ " ., P~'QB4! 'was ·still 'perfectly feasible, for if '20 R X P '?'; Qx R! or if 20 P X P, QX P ~

(i) 2 I R-B5?? is. a terrible: blunder, allowing 2 I' • .. • , QxR!

(j) 2 I P,~R3 would not have been g-ood enough, as Black. could still have: played 2'I . ~ ~,P-QB4·1, and if 22 RxP?; QxR !; 23 P :x: R, R X Rch followed by 24 ,. . ~ ,. :R. X B with 'too much. material for his Queen, ..

. ~ 'On the other hand" after 2 I ,P~Rs., Black could. not have played 21 . ~ ,., P-K4? because of 22 P X P, R X Rch: 23 R xR; .P.X P; 24 Kt X P t~ [Qx Kit; 25 Q.X Q, R:x 'Q; 26 R-Q8, etc, It is curious how the mating threat on, the last rank plays a part in. both c.ampsr.

(k) A curious hallucination l Black sees that he can play 21 ... '.,. P-K4' because t.he QP is pinned; and 'yet he fails to see that it is precisely this pin that makes ..... ., Qx R, !

_. '"b:·'}· I

POSS!. re ~

In other words, Black has not been..painst-aking enough [to look for the very best mote.

(I) As win 'be seen, the. text, for all its plausible app'eara.nce, does not suffice to avoid a loss of material. Had White now at .. last been fully alert to the d.adger that threatens, him on the last rank, he would have guarded the advanced Rook more securely with 22 P~QKt4·" Even in, that' event, Black could play " '. . p X P 'with a perfectly satisfactory position,

(:m) No\'V that Blac.k }13S succeeded in playing '. ' .. ~ P-K4 (not because of his own efforts, but because of W.hite'_s inferior play) he has solved the basic problem of his position: developmerit of the Bishop, By the same token, 'lyVhite has failed completely in. the basic aim of restraining the freeing move

." P-K·4·

II!I II!I ~ : . u .' - _ ...

...

Ce'H'E'SS F~O' R' A'M'\T"E"U"RS-

_,I :,' Ii:." .. -.... .' '. ! .. :" .,_ < .... 1.:- . - .. T : ..... -

. l .J _ • .. _.. _ __ _. ,..,..

(n) Among other things, it has, now become clear that

W' 1l..~ , Q"" B" 'K" '1 '1 d harmf 11

"','.",,'" ul'te' s ": ,,:- "'4 ~-~ ,t3 'was utterly use', ess an • even _' I armnu.

Had he retreated 'his Queen to the more centralized post QB2' (move IB) his Rooks would have had, all the necessary

',' .. 1 ~ .. ~' .' ",[, 1... ""j: ,.liz:. fl'" .... 1. d' ' ~ WI ]I

protection e'zm/tna~l.ng tne toeakness t[l tne :irst rans ano practicany

preventing , , , P:.".,.Q'>,]3A permanently "

,""",', - ~"""l, ";' " .. , .. ~, , ' :,',.' '''T'1'''' ',' '--' '-' "-'.-"'1""" ,,' ",' ..

(0) 23- Kt X P'?? ,IS, another terrible blunder" which this

time is fully exploited by Black, '2~ P X P would have been somewhat better, although Black, would still have: 'won a Pawn with 23 " .' < • R:x P ~ for if 2,4 :Kt :X, R ??, Q ..... ,K,8c:h"

ete. ,~, forces rna te . ~ ,

(p) Naturally the Rook, cannot be captured because of

24- iI ~, ,i ,', Q-K8ch, followed by mate. ~,

(q) After 24 Q~':Kt3 (now the Queen no longer guards

'h'· Q)- BI k t. h' 'h

,,I,is',J: :',i acx nas a muc ':- stronger mo've', than 2,4,j '.' " )

R R , 11 Q' 'R 1 (" " 1!... 'I k I)'

'- " ..s ;' names y 24 .. ' '.' '. " ',' X ,!,' ~,again the '_ as t ran~ .'"

LE""S"S:"::'O:'N"~ 'V':"I

_."1,"[' " ....•...

fa) 2 •. • • , Q:x:P is the normal move, but this permits White to gain time 'by menacing the Queen ,with ,3 Kt-QB3. Hence Black resorts, to the text, even. though it may involve the loss of a Pawn.

(b) 'The text is. likely to turn. out badly, as will 'be seen.

Insteadof trying to retain the Pawn, 'White has two preferable courses: (' I ) hie can. play for a free development, simply Ignoring the extra PawDo=3 P'-Q.4,,, Kt X P',;: ,4 P~QB4;

'(2) he can play for a fr'ee development, at the same' time causing Black to lose time .regaining the Pawn: 3 B-,Kt5.ch" .B~Q.2; 4' B~E'4 r, B-Kts,; 5 P-:B3,; B-B4; 6 Kt-BS[, IQKt-Q:2; 7 :KKt~K2 "Kt-:Kt3; 8 P:~Q3, QJ('t X P; 9 Kt-Kt3, ~Kt3; :10 .P-B4; P-K3,.; I I o-o followed by' Q-,B3 with a very superiordevelopment :for "Vhite ..

Note that in either of these lines 'W,hitewould not be burdened with any positional weaknesses,

"\-VHAT ARE· ,-"lIE, WEAKNESSES

IN ¥lHln,E"s. GA.\iIB?

BLACK.

'h . .r ",iy'BITE

(Position after 5 . . "'I P- K4)-

(c) Black has two kinds of compensation . for his Pawn ..

In h f I lh 'II hee d '. ~; But zhi ~

In the nrst piacec ne IS anear In development. But this IS

6:3

QHCC!!O ro "R' . A' ·:a'·AT·~UR· S

_ ~ ~:."_:;._ ..... -,·m:: :.'.-,":::; ,', .r,.

not oon.clu~ive In i.tself; very often, (he .. pla.y~er who acce',pt~ a speculative sacrifice can proceed with his development until he reaches a. point where his initial disadvantage in, development has 'been nullified.

Black's second advantage is therefore the more important one. As, the result of 'White's, third and Black's :fifth moves,

Who; " QP '.' b k d d h ~ Q ~ h '1 T' h di

hrtes t •. is oackwar an:" ,15',4 IS a .. o'e.':" ese <is-

advantages are lasting, and of so serious a nature that they condemn 'W,hite to perpetual Ioss of the initiative and, a purely passive set-up, But given such a long-term perspective, it is clear that: (I) White can never overtake Black ,in develop ... , ment, since White"s pieces can never obtain enough scope;

(- ') lf h a 'Wh" . " P .. ,. d hi' d 1

2 1: t~ e ettect on v 'hite's ,'. awn posmon, anc o:n rns " ev,e!10p'"

ment and onhis prospects in general is so far-reaching, then he ought to' haue foreseen how harmful an. e.ffec t on his game U)'ou.ld'

result from accepting the' Pawn, at move fou» J .

And, very likely he would have foreseen 'this result if he' had been familiar with the weakness of backward Pawns and holes, A baektuard Pawn, is one whose neighbours have advanced, and which is situated, on, an open "'file,. On the one hand, this Pa1NIl. is subject to hostile pressure, and on the other, it has, lost its most natu-ral support, that of a Pawn; it must' be pT!otec.ted hy pi-tees" A hole, similarly, is a squarewhich can no Ionger 'be protected 'by Pawns on the adjacent files, because these Pawns have, advanced and lost control of the square in question, " --' Naturally, such a square is a very strong

point for the enemy to control or occupy" and It is an, ex ... tremely arduous=-but necessary l~-task, to protect this sq'uare

. .. th oni e's pi" ~ce .

ViI' .~'"~.'. . ... 'I ;.;;;.«S ..

Thus we see that. the hole Q,4, and the backward 'Q,P burden W'hite right from the 'Very start with severe defensive problems,

(d) 7 - ~ .. ,', B:XB; 8 PxB, Q-,Kt3; 9 Q-Q2 would havre been weaker for Black. He would have increased 'White"s mobility by' opening the KB file for him, and he 'would, have

1i" h d Wh~ " diff '1'" b bri .. W·" hl " 'K' BP-"

JIg ,7 tene < ' '. <.. .' 1 te s "I :""CU. ties " . 'Y' ormgmg c ~ ite S .' ,i - to,

K.g,~, 'where .it ,gu,ardsWhite's Q,4,,-, so that this sq,u.are is no longer a hole and no longer accessible to Black's forces,

(e) :NaturallyBlack pia y"S, ~ ., ~ B,.",,:B4, in order to exert pressure on, the ailing 'QP,.,

AN·' 'S·'··W·' ','. "ED C!!

.. ,- ' .... ~ ~,~

fi '

f'/'['::","'] I ~ ... I=-'.:· :,:'1 ~. ,." .. ,- :":" <:~ ,_:.: " : .. " :_: ",.-:. -I' ':1,.< ~ :. ,-.:. -f~','_ " ..... :~ I!- '." ".-_ ".',' :,1' ',. '-': :

(f) ~ ~, '. ,R, QI mtensr es the pres~ure~ It will, be worth

whil 't· .... , '.'.' '-1' .. '.' d'l ,f.l ... ,- ,C' ,'0:1 m' ':Im'~' ,t', 0·' 1"', 'B .. lla .C: k· "'C" fifth ,'.' """.: .,::....' "W- ····'·h,···~,·· :>" W"leo .re, rea, tne cor ,.' err ,n", ,. ~" ,11." move. ,'" l!;.e s-

b " '.. .".. ,. " ... '.', ' .' n_ K' 'to 'i b:: it ~'t ,~., .. 0-":- ~'i;; best ,,~,

est, move IS now ,I3 x.-,', , I, ,. U.I 1,. IS a sorry ,_ est,

(:;) W,bile I ~2 P-'Q4 'would have been better than the

te , .. :,', . it , . '., '. ~·d' .' ~11' ha .. ~., left ·W· :'. hit ' with .',' ,.. n :" .: 'I' ,:., 'T'h'

.. ext, .1.... WOUll. sti , .. a,ve, ;el,l, .. 1. J~, WI ~ ,. a PQor grun:e~, " ,_e

simplest a'mong,-' several g,ood.lin[eg seems to be 12, " .. Q··.·· ....... 'K'2

[ , , .. , ",,' "".,. ..... , ... ,- -,. -, . .. · · ,,. , '., '_.. ,,',

13, Kt-'KI, Kt X P: with, a. fine: initiative, .

" .. ' ' , - " , . ,:I" '. ,), ' , . _., '.,. ,

,("h: '): It ., :"""0'· ld be 'p.'r'JP1w" "CII[t':'U[~,9; to ,. p",IQIY"" 1'0. .. P 'X··' P: 1'3"

, '" .. W:ll.! ... , ,. "'i,,.r._."~ .... , '1;..;'" '"G:. .. ," .. ,. '., '.' ,,. .• [

B,yP 'Kt-Q,' ... ·Kt5- because of the reply I,A. ~K'2(~h and 'Wh~te .

. A, '" ,.. . ".' ,_, , .. ,.. . .,. .' TX-- . I,

has e:'tr'~[cat-,d himself from the 'pl'rn', tn, other words Black

" ., . x, "I, ... e , ,.,1,. , .. , .. ..," . • ',J .. . ... .

[does 'not blindly plunge into what looks advantageous; he calculates carefully and searches for unforeseen possibili ties,

(i.) 'W,hite rids himself of the pin. on, the Q file, only to --u'n' in 11-0 a q ally bad" pin on the d iagonal l

:r' .. I. :: :iL;', '··'n, e "U.:: ," _"" ._ . , .. ..:..: '_, .. '; ," " ....

:(:.,ti:).. If 16: K'" *-KI'" ".' Q"-:"-,'K"'3': ~ 'b"'" st .. '-7':' Kt-Q, 3:" £0" ced 'Q.'-Q';:' 'S· I··

J.. ,.1 I .' ,'.,IIl., ., 5., < ... _'_',~. "es.,_" I .'. ,,_.' ,<. , .. r .... , ..•... :' : .•. ,. ;,~,

'Iq R··....;Q', r 'C'··i''":',': .. d K"··"jj'-'K:·:"K[·"t5- [I .. , 1 'g .. 'P~K',".K: tl'3" (','if-:: 19-' ~:-"B':Ai

,0 .. ':: . ..., .I:Qrce .. ," . ~ . .. ',_ ~,} , ' .. .".,... '. . .. , ,F', '"1"

IQ·'-Q .... i5:·ch wins). Q .. ·'-KR3':'''' 20 P~K'R4'" ,Q Kt-K A and Black,

,.. <,. ' ' , .. . ,}" .. '.. " ')0 - ,- , .. - "" '. , .L~ . -, . .. ..

h .,~, ,., . k '

, .: as a winmng attack,

(k' 'j I" .... , rld h '~' '. bees ··r tiv '·1'" be tt r t,,·, lav 'Q','-'B":':I'

"r : __ t WOUI, nave oeen .re!Jia,lve,,y _' et e..,o P ,f 'c ,c,

. , ' "

- • - !II! .. - "' "II I '. , j _ ' ',' ._ • '

leaving him WIth. the, material disadvantage of a Rook lor

,t' " ,-~,., .• ' ,. B' ,t~' tha ,t, -, -- ,- ,t h' .' ld: ha b',· ., ...

two mmor .pleces~ nut un .. :' event.ne WOUI,_ ",ave:, . een

, , ... b t = t, .', ,,1":' .... .,f:". a;·: e.: rh iile .. ···h' ier -·e~C! after th "e tex "t ';t 1"S·· a' '1]: 0' ,"!::'r'e""c"

a~ . .te.'o p"a.y on, ,~or " W', 1. ,~,) "\V .. ··.,.R03' ".~ .-,' '., .r I/, ~, •.... ··Y ~

('I") If R 'B Q' P h iio + I th QJ""

, . r - ", r I '. _,~.:. t.· i :', I.... ..: ..... "[ .. ~... ;', .'. " ~ -., _,'". ("' , ,"'::"':'1.- :". ',',:', '. I "0 i ...

. __ ,_. 20 "",3,; ,X'-, C ' w,lnmng at east .. e ,Q,e.en.

SU·· "M"M':A' 'R' 'r'" '~':'h" ~ . 'he' . if" .. I fl··.. r:fi'-l:

r. .': : ...... , ·,~,""·.·"',"l .... iii ' .. · ', ·'.~I :l:",'.;::.:.,., .,:.·,.··r· a . ·.~;.,: :'.::~:.'. ":,:,' .. ':'1'"' . ;-,:', · .. 1···.: '>~_:.-'> :,- ... ".'.< ~-, :·;·:· .. ·:[.t·.:-·.<"··:

, .. ,_ ,',. _ .. ', " .. ",' ts game .s UJWS t ,_ powe.r Q C01lSlStentry orc:e U

deue! nt!· ·,t11.o,·",t'·""o:-rp'-l: id W",; it'/1, lasting pressur« a ... :g~'a;inst a p ... iositional toeakness .. ,

~iL"'!;o' .. v, nwJf! "". u. tte .... ;(0. _ .. !i+;,;I'. __ , '",. «,,~' , ,_ . _ , .

I .', .. ,

LESS'ON V n

(a) On. 6 Kt:X Kt Black. replies 6 .~ " .. , QP X Kt 1 followed

by" " " P-K4 with ·an easy development, .

(b) On? .P X P, Black would reply 7 .'. .~ , .. P X ,P and again Black has, an easy development,

Less good, after 7' P x P ,,,vould 'be 7 ~. ~ .., Kt X' Kt; 8 B X Kt, Q,x' P.. vVbite would simply play 91 ,O~O (if 9 ,B, X Kt, ]3],ac.k does Dot play '9 ~ " ";' Qx. P ?because of :I: 0 B- K t5ch. forcing mate ~ Instead, he simply replies ,gF ,. 1I ." P X ,B 'with a good game) ~ NO"\\f Black dare not 'play 9 ~ " + ,. IQ·x.B '?? 'because of 10. B- Ktjch winning the Queen,. This type' of indirect defence is often seen, andiit .is. frequently a

useful means of gainin.g time, ,

(c) If 8 P-K5, :K't-Q.2.;, 9 P~KB4' and .Black. can now play 9 " ". 4· ." :B-.Rs.! (so that if roB X: B·., Q~:R4ch.,. etc.),

B b '. 4 b th ~ h Bl k 1" h

:.yrlngIng a oout tIS" exc ange, [:·a·c', accompnsr .. es a

double object: he removes the strong White- KB, which is admirably posted for attack; a-nd he gets rid of his, QB.;, which is likely to be ineffective, because its sco/J'€ is limited

'by Black Pawns on white squares, .

(d) 8 4' "" P~KR3? is eviden tly' pla'ye,d to avoid a pin

'by -~:KKt5,. 'but it is. quite .superfluous, as Black always has ~ ~ . B-:K2 at his. disposal. Another- drawback of II ~ ~ P:'-;K.R3 is that it creates a Paum ta:~':get which. 'will facilitate the opening of the K'Ktfile by White if the latter 'advances his King-side Pawns, In order to avoid givingWbite this opportunity, it would have: been 'better to refrain from playing - - ' P-KRS··

, - (e···)··· "B---y':" 'P'lj"'.li"\rin··,·g"·-·8·~·· '.' ... P·;""",'K··~:·'-4· i B:·,'l'a'"',c"·",,' ·w~:··o,,-u' ~,d.'. h~l.a~'v·.·1"i 'h'~d' '.Ia·,"

". -. '-,', J:·,J).wJ._,., .. -- ': .. III '." .'. ····-1.' ... _~·...:.'.il.:A. ,' ... - . .m ... ,<._~ w.t, ,'.'

beautiful .game-: a commanding centre, and good diagonals for both Bishops. In the case of his QB, its scope would have been. increased enormously by the removal of the KP from :K,.3, (a white square l) to :K4 (a black square 1) ~

(f) White naturally advances the KB.P in order to prevent

· ~.~. P ...... K4~, .

(g) Black plays . . . B~··Kt5 because he intends to exchange this Bishop eventually by " .. ' ,,~R~R4~Kt3~ But much time

66

;'C' Iost there '0'- Iy':" an Id" ';in, '"Jij"ln'IV' ,1If'!!'I1';re'lf),.f-, Bla "",11"" 'W;' ,;:111 be, ,~, I'e,n 'wlit""b' h' '";"

11"i11 ,"'.." _c_" '~-','" , .. ,' .. _, ,~, '~J!.~,J' ...... ' ,,",' "'.I!.J:,~, ·1 ,-"A" ~"Jl ,II!;,;, ".Il:,~ '" '" I, I ,IS,

I~,~ b,ad, ii" Bishop,

'~-i-~ -i:.L- ..... ,",- .' ,'I',' the ':~'I -,J., '.', B~'K····'.'·· ,.", ". ,t.,., ··~I_i·'

.I.' 'Or 1[.J[I,eSe reasons ... IIL 11m p.le 9 ~, .. ~,; .. ,f, 2; was In Ot'Uer,~

(h) The creation of a Pawn target with a .. - - . P;...."KR3?

~"'i~- .~ ,---,., , '",-- ~ .. """"" -~~'-, '- "". - ';'-h' r-~, "'I"· - ---- .. ..,'~,

'l:nd,u,ceg \'Vbim to attempt a PaW,D storm WJt :'_ P ... ,Kt!)... ,As, It

hac • _.. • th " .. ~' ," 't",·,t'!I;i k hould , ·t' " .... ,..,.. ..... ...1 .,' W"'", "h' i!!'t-- .~.' ..... , _ .. -,

,_.'_ :p'pens,; I IS attac ,. sno -'_~-'_ n,o :SUOCC'CUj; ,as"" ne aoes not

have enough pieces available for ;a decisive assault; yet, al~,

..,:L,' ,c, ~'" --,,,'' 'B':'~,- ck sho 'I lid· I '1"'("I't- h ,e,., ',: .,' ,~.: irt ed dan ,ap'r"- 'lI:1I.1I"~'~'h"·' ,t"h"

IUJ.e sam,e,~ ,",lac_" ,.." '. ,U_··" no." ,.,.ave (jour"," .' ',t)..... ~:v.l~ I _' e

': d' " "".C-'.'. ': -. "-j --'. .=, ·,r; . ,t·~ h I . 'K,': R'< P:'"

,a" vance Ct '" ,e ',,'."" """' " •

(Ii') G'··'~ -h' I'! ,.. . '" "'.- ~ ." d L 'W:""h~

. ~ I,>' rven ~ ae 'new poncy Just mrnate uy, ite, we can

- r, C'. hI 10 f "t,.,: .e. I"fy'

now 't3JAe: a more ravoura, _"" ,{~: view oi trus Slmp: 1 ... ' lng' manoeuvre ..

In the ,,G"f"Cit· P" lace Bla c k's 'B: ishop ;'1:'1 out of play and l"t- ';',~ -t-hc ~r" e

" ,:' _', ,~, Il_:,-~. [._ ··.~'G,}' ",I .:, __ ::.:_ ~ .'~ __ <, '@ [I '- .• .lAj. ',' ,", . :,,:. ,~v -: v· - ,:-::, ."... QirJ i [_~ ,~ 1._, J~~ :-~,-'

fore advantageous t,o exchange it, Secondly, just a'S in, the case ,of a cramped, position, ose lJj' the best' waY$' ~'O' tak'" ins' sting' (l(Ut;' qf Q:t'i Qi"t:Mk.' is, '0' Cf!)UT': ea'Gh'ucnges:" iklU' '1cd'ue:i't2g lAs, en8m.J" S'

If,,j'~.n1l'Cr;,'{J! Alit ~:;i'!i_ .';',n,.'1

~6.~(j.':"'L..)~:~','~' ~'~'Up"tt~Fl'CK~'~~~·' _ __ . _ lid" b " -- .- b ... r- . .. 'f" '

I 1,4,· , ...... '-\1.5 Vi'OU~,~_,_e premature jaecause 0,", 14 ~ ~ .. ,

P'xP: I' '-' ·Q':··:···~'·R .. ····5~· P",-K':-'B~;A 1,"-"" ',,'.:-: .'., W·"'·hl-c'~'iI"a-:'t-· ""!Iii Ioss for a" unftd-;

, -- ,; . ,5,,";- -:, .' - -'-''-:T eavm,g., .. II,A;;. ,R_c ~ ~ It .. , '." ~--

..... :1 .. ,'"' ;;; ,t (6' P P 'U' p') 0" ~ f

attackmg contmuauon J ,I '. x' . ie.,p~'j .At X,', ,t:f r - J: 5

B . 'B:' n""B"'" . ,'" "d' "6:":' ,n~R····~ - j) ,. , , ·~,t:"·I··~ d bv n_ K····S··.' ch

X -, ~x, ' .. anc I ~~:,5~, IS remted "Y ~ ,j ,!!~_"",IC,.~ ... ~

(k)'" .. '~ - 'p:' , ..... B" -';, .... ,. 'r - ,".", '. -.;~'- " (. '" ":h' ';I~~ , ,- r " ,~,t,~ '1,1 ,r. : ,',"j'C, 'I ',: ,,l;oCIiJ --

. I . 1,4., ~~, .. 3 ~ op ens U,P t, re pOSI. Ion tor counter

'" tts . -'k- 'I',t" '''1"')1"' u b ", .'." ',,", ",' ","",' "t', th ~ to, 'W: ',"'h-" t .. ,_ ha , ,.+-, ,_, .. ,:;L '.d:' I

.a .. -:'U:.,~ .-1- wn .soon oeeome ,appar,enl .. mat 1·','1 nte 'as extennea

h "I" r-' ." " " f d " " "

,",; ."(-" ", , .... " i, .. I .. ' 1""',(' '-"',~".-,'

rmse I, too rar ana too soon,

(I) If 1,5 ,P' X ~" 'R ,.X, P BIa,ek h~s, a fine, g~'~; as he threa tens

t - t tt k - I " th P K If th " 6

'", :- .-.:.-, ,- '-.<- ,. __ I I"'"j II 1 ••. 1.".··- .. ' ........ -·.' 1".',' . ,"-. '~.. II (_ .. - ' .. , ..

o CQU,D,cr .... aa,c· vlg-orOUs.~y WI" _","_;j ,j, . -". 4~ .. _ en, .I _.

rLK····· ,·t"-·3~·· ""~-B""I so a C!I to answer r :7: P",I-K' ', .. ·t-5-=' ,we ~t'h' 'iii' 7 P .. v P .... ,"

~-:-' •.... -.':",~, ' I., •. ' ,"'" .,'.:11 '", .' ~'. "'"'_ "." _ '_": .,' - _ ,-,1-_.:" lIi. . jIj" " 1I !!! , .:... A _ ,

'8 p""X"'"p' R' E"6

. '." :.. ......- -,' ".

J, .. ,> ,,', -~!, 'I ,',.11-1 r. .. !III,

. {:m) M':nc:h, clearer ,an,d simpler is l'S I, ,I, ",~ ,P' X, Pi and

'W"' "ilL. ~'*"-"- t·".·· 1\ .. ~'. .. - .... ' . , » '.' n, p··,,· .. " "B'" - ,,0, Q- .. ".... K' t"6'" K: .e "'. ' .p .... '"

'., .',lll~ ;s, a: "1i,,'aCK lS, Orve,f', 1.7.0' )(, ,D" I. x· " .. ;: lo····::"' r:",' .' ~,'" .. )(, _ .. ,;

:19 Q.~R,'ch, K~B':2 and 'Vhite is, :in a bad ,~a"',,,

~ J~st ~ th,e: a;tta~ker c'm.us't seek the mos~ ,econo,mi,cal ¥lin.ning

. ' tho OO,"C Ciii"li. 't- 'h"' 'e J I"),t; '~..1_"_ ",. t 1-rt1 ",'rIoiL - .... I.' ,~,l.._" r"'4 .... 1:.. ~~ ;N\IO "" nit"

me' c _., iJJiv _'" I. afj:erUH.r mUSi 'WJ w UreUA "" ,aeli"",," w- ,J,v.:R ~

,possil)l'e.. T,bie troll'b]e 'with, ultra-elaborate ,and "f almost:"'",ag...

, 'd-'" ·d·· ·c- ,~, ,- '"', ..... :~" ... 'L. 'T b"" ,,~ ·-··t· iI~."'H,"" . -,a:" 'to 'h, .. " ·t ....... , .~',~

goo ." 1,.1 ,e:lDeD.S,1 ¥e ,moves IS Ula~L ""I Y nOI- ,JIS,hJ.lng 'O',lI: I., 'e' ,a _~ICK

' ..... hl ;., ".-,'~"~".,,., .. .' '~I ". ",,~. I", I" '11 "'I' ·;,h· ""i~" (··'"·I··~·.'"-- ,~>~·t· ,., .. :I,~. ':I-.- - "~".,\',.' .. :~'··'I··d.~ 'I, .. ~:"

1-,. ~rey ,;?uway:s ,1I.!ea,ve some ,~.oop 'O,!le ope,n Jlior a ,l.ai!.ler SWlflr __ JIle

'tllla:t cIiea.:tes fresh p,[ioblenu,,, -

(,n'~ I '7"' 0-Kt6 is pl·.,oirt~Jes'~, .. as :Black :simp~Jv g.adins time 'with

-----11 'I'· ~ " I~- ~-~~ -,;i -, , ,', ~'-'_ - ':" 'J" . 1 ' . - -" "_._

-K·':'""t~- 'B~'l 0: . 'r- 'l'f' I 7 p~' .. ·x· " p.' 'R:' 'X···"' K--: ',t" roh..-· ~ 18:' R' x· ,.: R" 'B.:'·· V -B-" ~

,', 4' ~, . - .... ' .... ',-.... ~ ...... , " ", -'- _. ".' .:, ... ,.,,,, '. I.' "' .. -v-- .,~, ,': '. ", , .:. ~ - .. ',/\, .. '- J

[9 Q~K,t6" K,t,,-,BI' (or 19 Q :B"7ch" K~R,I; ,2"0 Q-Kt6", Q~:KtI).,

68

CHESS FO.R A..'dATEURS

fo) 20 ,. '. .. ,. P X :K t is the proper move, Before analysing it, ~w'e' must note: that if Black had played the simple and' obvious 16 • . - ,. p X ,P ,. he would have b'ea ten off all possi-

bili f k

1 l.ty 0 attacl '"

After 2,0 '. ~ li' P X Kt, VVhi.te soon runs out of checks: 21 ~Kt6ch, K~BI:; 22 Qx ,P'ch,~ K,-,K.r! .;, 23 B-'Kt6ch~, :K,-Q!.; 2,4 QX Pch, K,'-';B'2 and Black is perfectly safe because 25 QX R is answered by , . . Qx Rch,

B he j .. d I .. ... 1 b

, : ut t " e In,experlen,c,e," player IS, notorious y av'e.rse to su ," ,.,

mitting to a. handful of checks and he therefore adopts a. different line. But the 'wins are ge·ttin,g harder to find [

Ho'W' CAN' ,B'LACK STRENGT,HEN HIS ATTACK D'ECIS.[VBLY?

BLACK

WHITE

(Position after :24 R-Kt2)

'p, :):1 Th ' .. ~ .... hot ':, '[".:', -- .' """'." 2",··' " Kt X··.· P" Th '",S" would

~,[ .'. ,~, e ng . ,move \vas 4 '.' '. -" " 0; ,1 WI ~

have 'been much stronger than, the text, for two reasons:

( I) on the- KB fil e, the Rook serves two functions, those 'If ,attack and defence;' (2') t • "' :~ Kt x P brings a fresh piece. to

the attack. .

T-· h h 'II II 1 h ., '. 1

.. 0 see iow t ese g,ene:ral ruies appiy to the position, ,et

U'~' n o .te that °4·' "'K, ,t" x· P' ~ threaten if'! 2'· =; Kt-Bfich ·

Jk) _ '__ Eta.l:~ ~"'~" !Ii Ii • , l_ • • .' .. • Ill. ~." ',' ~ ,u'. ~ • , . _ '.) T' , "

f"Ii'6[ K'-B'T K·:·t~IQ:'·'7 dbl ch: 2'7'·' K· .. ·-,K··' R··~·B···8·:· .... at [I (this ,--

~ .. ~. " JI.,,' __ """ .". c..~" . ~_' ,I" ', .. , .. mae .. ",). lS

~ h Id h 6·' £1' 'RQ-)

just Wi." ;,at wou ': . lappen, tor instance, a .ter 25 :,-' ,I .' 0;

/ .. : .

A ti.l'Q1W"&"'D,S ~1~I~l.;J, "L::" 0"" ~/A~' ~"J

. .

.. .

. No, better 'would be: 2'5 K'.-Q 'I', B, x: Bch; :2:6 ,R, X B". I{-B8Ch~;:

or 2'5 Q-;Kt8ch, K~Q2 1" etc,

(q) The fact that ,2[0 Q~B7c'h was. made possible by :~4 ~, " ~ :, R:-:KS '?? shows just how weak that move 'vas", The Knight; which could have strengthened the attack decisively, .

perishes 'ingloriously' '. . , -,

".(~) 2~' , .. -.' ~.c ~',~ ~x'~B isinadequate to save the g'~?D,e~ T~tlere fo_Io''I:f[s,; .. ':29: :Rc=Kt7c~~ K-,Ktg; ,3,0 Q:x RP'ch, K-K:t4,;. 31 R-Kt7ch .. "(Q,x Q .is of course good enough], :K-B5; 32 I ~R6cb,,~ ~~B4,;' _3,3 P~:Kt4,C~) .R:x,P; 34 IQ~'R,7ch,,[ K =e= BS,; . 35, ·R x~:R,chJ K~Q6.; 3,6 Q-:R6c:h", .etc,

,S'UM:M4Rr,~.. This ga,me teadus a oaluable lesson, as to the need

~{.{intii~ i~ mo$tejfwit~t,_ ~tencc .,~~~Pl~a~~ ~fe,,:es 'ofl!ti defe,at

thezr l(Jw,n 'Q9J[tCt. Black missed condusise ,r.ebuJfs qf ,flu hostile auack:

'~Y' seek~ng ~ [' interesting" lines <I

..

. .

,.

L,ES,S:ON VIII

, , (a) 5 0-,0 i,s. more .aggI"~~ive, 'because: it reserves the ,op_b,on - of subsequently pla,ym.g, P~4~' In, th,e event that Blaek

, ," t·" '11]1'" .t , , K- ""pI"" 'p' ", h '"]I}' £;i," ',' W' 'h~· s., -- ~ - -

. even"u"alJ ,j' p'J!ays ~. ~ <i, '0: ,I" xO;J '.,.e ,\N~:· :J1i"'ee; """ I,!!:rce.s . I.u.'~cesl

:f<tl:' greater action, 01"' .if B,iac:k. gn . ards the KP with, his: Q;P .... [, ~ ~ P~Q3,) then B'llltk will' . [),6' under' ,a, c'er'lai'n· tl/fJ(t(Jnnt of'· ":.;

., ~ h ~ h . lik 'Ii 'J dl 'I . . ..

ctJllfbratnt, w, ic ,,' may' ~-ve:ry '1' el:y"ea,_, to a permanentiy : ..

cramped game for h.im,~· .' ..

. BL.A,C-K"S :POsr.rION IS ~o' 'u''':WH'A-- ','!!"!; C,,'~ A M~'n])

;;;i! ;'l":,II.,I,;,., ~:!. ,If';;o~''A __ !':" _, ...

W'iI"'tM'..r.. l:&'~:lil.ll.lil. ~

(If 5 .~ ., ~ ; Kt X ,P' in answer to ,5 ,0-'0" then :6 ,P~Q',4 :vegaills the :Pa\V',J.l, since it would be '(100 risky to 'pla.y,6 ,,. ,~ .~, :PXP'? because of the resulting pin by 7'R-I{,I,.)" ,

HO',\Nt~Ver~ with ,5 P=Q3" \Vhite has d,efjj,n.itely committed, himself and has at the same time virtually' forfeited the initiative, as, Bla,ck has ample freedom of chcice' and is su bjeet to no pressure to speak of

. (b) After- tS l)~,Bg;, ,,,hat is norm.any' the blest Slqu,ar,e . .for . Whit1e's, QKt (QBlg) has 'been take~ ruway' from it, {"Yo,u \~in ..

= 1~1! h K I, 'I!... ' d U'" '.' '11 h· , t, .

recah t,-". at nilS'! JJts are posted mos ~ enecnvery '\~', I en till,le,'jE . .

70

,A'N;SWERS

are placed in or neB-r the- centre" and ,in, this _sens,e a :K'uig'ht, at Q,2 is not so well placed as at QB3,.) 'White, to be sure, contemplates the manoeuvre QKt....lQ2~B:l['-Kt3", which, has often. proved very strong in this opening; 'but such a longwind ed , - arran 'g' ement tn' -tt,l"": be accomoani id ';1,; 1w"'~NI' ,h,:'-.- "it \\1'1,' ,r . ... ,rea.l,J[ '~'_ " ..... .n, :" ~u.J'" '.'. '~'~.""'V-!'iI"I;t"· n.,e UJ ,1"-" ~.J',ure rlFleu,.

cannot be shaken ,oj{' easily"; It stands to reason that if both players start off on, a fairly even footing as regards development, the three-move maneeuvre with the Knight will give Black time to improve his own position as well,

(c) ,The ~anchetto development :18 beneficial for Black in

a nu m - ber o f 're'sp' ec ts

L, .'. • 'L ~ - ~ -- -

. ·b:) Whe~theBishop goes to K2,. it stands in the way of Black's pieces" ~. - Q-K2 is prevented, for example, so that .it is, difficult to play a Queen .. move which will establish communication between the ,B,laek, Rooks, Again, the desirable :manreuvre '~,i,,~ :R-,K,l, followed 'by '. ~ ~ B--:KB:I:,. ;; j • P-K'Kt3 and ,. " . B-Kt2, so often seen in, the Lopez"

1·S: but a' tim ie-losing and .. ~-' artificial ve rsion 0'[-" th e dire .. c t fian ...

" ,~, ~. ,1 ", !. ~ , ~ ~"" ", " ~ . _, " , ,~ ~,', " ,.

chetto development. _

("2' 'J-' Th e K"B' is m ore effective a' t 'K·-:·','t-'--2· than at' K" '2 because

, [ . I .,... . -, J.-Ilt:,:"· . J • - '. •• I I' . [ . . . .. , . ' [

.-' - .' " ,.' - --:. , " 1:~. "0' ' .... - ,"", • ','.~ ~- • ' '.- " .-', "--,'-.,,.- '~. , .. , ,'"" ' : ' ,._', "-.'.' ". ..,.';, .-,

at K2 it has ,a ,pu.rely passie« position; hemmed in by the black

P· , t Q' . -,. . ~hl . r ., - t- Kt· lth ., . h t . b - _. .~"

.: awn at ·.· ... · .. 3,. w, ',e "eas .a .a, ,-2" .a,,' oug,~, oe sure, It; IS

h· .... . d .. ~ b -~ th hI .k Pawn ,t K'/ it hi.. . _. _ ... -'~ .. ~

emme In i Y rne '_ ac ~. ~'.. _' a", 4,) l' I as a p:r-omllslng

l"- ·t ' , .. ' 'T~ 'hen ~ .. ' rte 't' 1 lik r"'lh ·d: '. ,f" .. cti ,~,t,- 11·. ~, th .

Ill. lIre .. , " .: ere lS a po -,en:la~' .. ' ,:,e,~:,·oo.· .. 0" ac lVl . .y along t:, ,e

d -a·g·· -'0· ·n··· al F-, 'r' A!. am ple ~ n the event th a1t eithe ~ playe : ' --C''-C· ed i:'. ,1,., .... ." .1, lLo. l.,..XA, "','" .' I , , '.~ .. ". '~'_.'" ' .. " .. ]1 .. "I"~, .. Y T sue - "'"', .0]1

,. 1.": ,', tho d P Q- ~ h ~ h ,,11.. - 'l-l

In forcing 'I e a vance u ,=' '4, [,n. ,w~ic', event uu: centre Wi __

b -- . - - fl''- '"d: d t h - K--'B' , ,,"11: .. I ... ~ .. ! - . -.- - t . ~ 'I'

_ ,{!C(lmC',UCl, an, t e.····. 'VL~ 'p',ay an important Fa e.

(d) Still, ano-ther value: of the: fianchetto development is

that the ... rove 'p-'··-,K······'K···.···'"t·o prevents '{ATL~"te~'" Q':"K't, fro .. m

'. " it," e ill, ~ v...... .. .... . :.' "'.:J " ,v., v v IlL· ,S :_ _ ' ,_r , .,

ever reaching KBs (after Q:K:t-Q2-BI:~Kt3)" Thus this, manoeuvre, which is considered the 'best deployment of' the Knight, is made futile from, the 'very start,

To sum 'Up .... if we remember what we ha""e already learned

... , ~... .." . ,~. . , _ _ _ .. _ _ V. . . . _... . ...' .

ab '0-' u· ·t" tiL, - pnr' 'am" Oiij ..... ';: fi'Qii1d;t:o"1l';n"o ;lHfl:..'lb.-n .... 'L'J, oj-- .. t.L - p. :'a" --_. ~ {;' ration

~ _ _ 1 _-lte ,."U: '~,"n{. ,'"'". v,.,· ,_", ~ ~,,' ,~,!!~~ .. '... ..ftc.- ·wn C011.:1 ,-gu, ,'~u

from 'the 'v.-ery start ofthe game" 'Vie can realize even 'at this early stage how profoundly the course of the: game has been

affected bv ·B .... ··::la···c--k') do ption '0.-[·6 P~'-~'K- K ·t'-'s

1,~'1 ". ..... . y, . . sa··, I , ' .. ' _ .. , '. • ~ ~ " '" _,._' ' .. ~ ,

(e) P '-K- - .- R' ". ,. b '1 1 d' B--'~K'

. -- I ' . ., [. . -. I" . i· - - . . -- -, . . , .' , . . I··.· . . .". .~, jIIIIP.

e 7 ~",--3, IS presumaoty P', aye_. to prevent , .. .. ". "t:)

(which 'would ~be pointless) or to p.r,epare for a King-side

ca ''I:i''~!f' F,OR AM:·A:..-·T:.· E~U"R:' S:

.. - ~ "".- I .•. _.

.. di · "1... P' 'K" K' B ~ d

storming expe ruon with .. ,-; ', .. ---,'t4., . ·ut It does not. seem

that such an attack can have any' likelihood of success} as White's position is markedly .lackina in dynamic and ag' e-ressive

" " , , .... . 1",J'; . "~'

'P" ossibi li ties "

_ . ·'!lJlilI . ," .,.lL ,I ~iIi

F~ '11 .he: ~ h dditi II (d bi h

' mauy, t iere IS t: ie aocnnona I reason t ano tms .; a,:ppens

to be the right one ]) that White wishes to play B--K,g without being hampered by .. + ~ K,t-:Kt5~ Since the position is no more than, level" '\Alhite does not' want to cede' his opponent 'the advantage of two Bishops; especially in view -of the ineffectual future: in store for 'White's Knights ..

(f) You will recall that in the note- to Black's 6t:h move, it was pointed out that one of the advantages accruing from that move was the resulting availability of K:2 for the Black

("\1' '. 0'" . Q-' K' h ., 'b' ..'~ 00-'1 Bh k' K' ':P'", '"

I~ueen,..n,ce • + I_,i.'2 'as .. Ie'en plI.a,y ,' .,ac s· " ',', ]is

additionally protected so that the important freeing advance ~ " .. P~Q4 Is :made possible,

( ) Th . f n 'B' ~ I'd 11 ,. W' h '. "

g , . e purpose 0:' I I .&--:<2 18 evidently to protect x ' .ites

KP additionally so that P~Q4 can be played. Can 'you, see all that this tells. 'us about White's previous strategy? In the first 'place, he now strises for what he could have had effortlessly in the early part of the game (P-Q4)! Secondly, the text is futile. because Black has already indicated, his intention of advancing the [QP,. which ruins White"s chances of advancing' his QP.. It, would have been relatively best, there fore , to castle into safety' and get the KR, into the game-s-all of which,

incid 11 h ld h b d ,.

mcidenta y~ snou .', have been •... one some nme ago"

"h)' BII . k~' . , ," I') Q'" .... ' .. I z . t ". t .. ,· ~ 'b . . . . . -.

,,:.:. ~ ~a.c s. I I . ~ ' .. " '-4 comes JUs .1n zme, eeause,.

as has just been indicated, 'White was about, to advance his own QP" forcing a defensive set. .. up' in Black's Pawn centre,

(i) i 2 P~[QKt4? is played with the rather primitive intention of preventing Black's castling King ... side, because of the reply 1'3' B--B'5' That 12 P'~Q.:':Kt~,? is. a bad. blunder

." .... ',.-, . ..' ,. '. .., '. ' . "'f.. ,_. " ' " , ....,.~ "

however, is at once demonstrated by Black's vigorous reply,

The theoretical reason for the inferiority of 12' P-QKt4·?

.. hi ~ 1 .' .' [th .' hi h h P

is tn is : 1 n erose positions '... u ose in wru cr t· , .e :. a wns are no t

11 ~'k '1 .. "Ii • h h ')" ...

J1l" e. y to come into violent contact 'WIt one another rt IS

possible to, delay [castling or even omit it altogether; 'but as soon, as contact between, the opposing forces is established on the vital cen tral s'q uares (r I ,. L ~ " I) =Q.4 ])- ~ it follows that

73

W.k- + ~ K'~": ... - ~.+ -·h . d: i ~ .. dO' -. ·t' thr ·t· beca "J,+"".' ~ ,. ~

tte s ~~. tug is exposea ~O '$.n~:trec_ :>: rea s: ecause Qi its POsttt&n m

~~~~ .

It might be asked: Isn't Black's King equally in dangerP [Tih··· .. · a'······ '.' . '- :':.. No, b e --,- -~ it ~,~- 'Black 'w··-· ho . has th -. "'- iti rti ... ,e, _ ~ns,wer IS.. .'.' , .·.·.cause I, IS .~ ,:-~~:-~--:-,~--. '''~''~: Ie tnt la, Ive

h '\IVh. -', ,. ~ " . ~.' ~. h h I k h J. h

. I . ~ . - - - --. ~ - '---.' - t' a ea' . --

., ,ere,, __ ntes position ,L'S. so passIve "' __ '_: _t .. _. '_ ~s t _ e S 19-: test

possibility of exploiting th.e 'position of the Black .King ..

From all this we conclude that White should haveplayed I2' 0=[0',. He would. have remained, with an inferior position after 12 ~ ~, '~," 0-,0[, but at any rate he' 'would not have 'been

d th di 'hi h affli - hi

expos,e to'. e direct menaces wr er now am ct rum.

. (j) 16 B X: B l.o 0 ks plausible, so that if r6 .. '" . , Kt-B6 dis ch; 17 'K-BI, Kt x Q; 18 :B,xR and Black's Knight has

no flight squ are 4 However, Black, wins easilywith IS "I' ,.. ~ ,

P K'" B' D 11 d b 0·------0 0" E '" th '. '. ~

_' •... , '. I,', :.".!, ' .. :' .. -' .". . ' . .' _ I .a=.o..;;:' '.' .. ',' . . I ',"", . " .. '.: ", "J', -: ",',]

,1,3,oowe, y '.' '.' .. '. '.. ~. ve.n In t lIS vanation

: .... e,. s-p-e.· - ho ' .. :-.- . ~.'l"m- . '~y is' the disposition of White's forces.

\v.. ",... , W C U ~ __ _ __ ~ _ " . . _ _

. '(k) It is now clear that VVhite made a, serious mistake- ,in, ~ 0'-:, t e as' .. tli ~~I . "'Thl e n th e' 0.·.· 'p-. 'p: 0'·' rtu .nity "rag available, And .. 0-:· 'f'-,

n. C . ng"\!\ ., ~,. ",,'_" _., _ . _ :)_

.' ,-- - - th 'nla f -, h'" -' , - th ,- . . ... - .'. d . t;~· . 'VVh"- r: it ,

" - ," I' .' .' ": ,", I '"'. . t· , .. "'1 I • I . 'I' ,,'." ' .. 'I .

course, · .. e 'p.y rom, ,:IS .I 2 . ~_" move on unr er. lues '.' ~ _ 1. e s

f 1 Ii . 1 "1 ",. th" ,,~. .~ h

a ul ty po. - cy m voiun tart y ,glVl'ng U,:p '_" e mitia 1'1 ve In tl [! e

centre with, 5 P~Q3, etc~

(1-)" 'W,···:h'l"'·t':e- feared .. "R·····~·Q,·I' I 'l~n combination with ....

. j', • _ _. JlL~ ~" .. iii ~ ,-'_ "_." ~ ',_ '._ '. _'", "_ ~~ ~ __ ~ IIt¥-, 1. " 'If fI ~

B.·~·K···'.- t'4-· taking d eadly a dvantage 0, :-f his uncastled sta te 0- .. -n:, [c. e.' ,

,," ~ _ ~ .[E. . ~ l,....€ . Ji ... . ""'-.,. _ ,___ _ . . ~ _ ~ . _ . "'. 'l.o'~ __ _

more the course of the: game indicates how seriously White erred in not cas tling .in good time ~

(:m.) Jl8 0-0 would not do because of 18 ~ ~ ~ , ,Br-K.Uf,;

Ig'- -R···~K·-··r R···.-~Q.: ."]1 and wins Again we see to what d .. ire .. straits

, .. ' _ e ' ~. ~'~ , ' ,~ '., '. _~ .. _ _ _ . ~ .. .u..L.iL.lIi.. . ...,. . . '. . . . .., ~

'Wbite has 'been reduced by his faulty play, (Black is not in teres .. sted in - ..... innin g' 4!-h_"e-: ,Q, ... ··KtP. as he has much more impor ....

L .. ,.. .l., VI/l .. I., Ii. __ ,. '.' _, . ,

. ~ h d')

tant matters In , ian ~,

(n) The object of I 9 ~ '" ,. , :R ~Q:I is of course to exert

. h Q- fi'l h , h . binati .. h h

'I" 1'-:'-['- : --'.~,' I " -.:-: :- i '!~ -·'· ...... ·-:1' ,-i' .... ' .. _ ..• ", ;.i i ': .. ~ .. : :i: [:1 ' .. - . .,~,_': 1_'," : ..........•.. ' ....

pressure on t e ' ..... , e, W icn, 1.11 com _ matron \-'\ rtt t. ie power

f '1 - ition r f Bl k;'- 'K'-~" B·' -- "11 invol e W" -.'. 'h . ite ~ '". extric b le

.U posllon 0' .', ac.· s[ . ", WI, ,: __ o:O::V~ ..... __ ~1 ~e In ID"ex r]lea ' '_

difficulties." At the moment Black threatens, .. . " B X ,RP"

('-0')' 0':[ ,0'· 0" woo uld 'have' b een stro ng'-er because t~t:

" " "I' ,~ !Ii' ,'" ,"-'. '- '... '. ", I .. ' ; 1.. . ~" .. , '. I'. ," L."Il " .,,;:. 0 :-~'. '.' • ':':{;~'.".": •• ' ~- ,,'

toould have pu t B lack" s Rooks into centr ali zed action even more rapidly than the text, 'Theile could. not have been any possible danger in, 'Queen ... side castling and in some ways the attack. would have been strengthened; for instance, after 2'0 Q-:B2 or [Q~K2, " 4 + B-Kt4! would have been directly decisive

74

. .

CHESS FOR. A,MA-TEURS .:

·b ·W·- hi . ld· ... . . h B'"" h .. l.. h 1 .... (,. ..

. i ieca use .' te cou, >:' not ca.pt~~e t. e "~::F o:p untn . a .'C:., ~CA,; .. as .

he can after. the text-move) ~ . . . .. . : .

. . . .

. ;CA'N ~ ... .. ~5 BE \. :PRQ'VID-ED AGAINST.?

.B:LACK .

'.:'

...

). .

. .

Wa.'l.TE·

(Position after 20 •. ~ ~., Q~B3) .

: . (p) ·.Afi,er :21 :K~:K~ or. P.~B4:,· Wh·iie would be :in ··.a,. bad . . . ·w.a·y with his King so. badly exposed .in the centie". . ..

. :.... .After:2 r K ~··K.2 . there follows 2 I ~. : •.. • , 0--'0. (note .agai n .: .

.. that if Black had played I9 4' ••• ; •• O-··:Q~O,. .he would ··Ilqvv· .

'have the immediately decisive 2 I . . . ; ~K't4: at his dis- :

posal l}, .2.2 Kt-Bg {, .... ~Kt4 ·was.· threatened .with .mur- :.

derous effect), ~:B·.3 followed by , T r. K·R-K.:I with .. a: quickly .

. winning position; Black's p're3s~re on thecentral files .against . . . the White King is irresis tibl e~ , .. . .. .. :..:..

If 2.1 P~B4, ~Kt4 (less good .. is 2·1 : .. :. '''.' B·x:Ktch; '~:2 .. . ·Q·xB., .B:-Kt4; 23 B xBch; etc.}; .22.:B x Bch .(if '. 22 ·f.~·K5,

:B. X~ B 'wins), P X. B and. White has a lost game: (a) ·~i3 ,;R~·R.2·, . ... Q-Qs and wins; (b). :2,3 .f~K5, B·XKtcl1; .24 QxB, Q~3; .

. .~, ~R" Q" Kxch "·d··· wins: (c):, .'. ·R···Q··· (l_Q....... ': .4.:

. ;;.:o·5.%~·-· 2.,.~.,. 5C . an ·w.e s,_ '.' ·23 :.'~.' .. .1, ~- .. ·5.; .. wlnnlng

. .: :.th.e':QKtP, for if 24. P-:R3'?, ·Q-K~Gh 'wins. .... .

.: These variations emphasize the -enormity of \I\[hite~s .mistake .

. : in· .neglecting to castle in good time .. ···:.·. . . .. .

(q'): After 22 Q.' ·::R-KtI. Q .. ": X Pch: .2'3:: K-'Q··· I. Q·x· P White's'

. . - . . - , .. - _. , ," .. ' ., . . ' . . " .,

ANSWERS

7_- s

'. ' ....

position. would 'be a shambles (exposed, King, two Pa'\NnS down" the whole position hopelessly disorganized) '.'

(r) The drawbacks of such a Knight-move' are that a far ... advanced Knight may find his 'retreat cut off: (J,T that it :may· he kept out of play for -a lang' time' by not' being ·,able to ,play .a Useful role. In the 'present position; for example, the . Knight does, not have any ,:r:etr~eat_in __ the event of 28 ~ ~ ~ ,. :R-Q,3,

and has to be guarne,d by B-K4 .

--. -H:~'~~er""Bla,ck s~leets, adiffe:~e:n.t line of play, as ,it s uffices for In is, purposes that the Knight .is kept out of play. ~e·

conclude that 28 Kt-Kt3 was in, order, .

· . (sJ If 30 K'~Kt2" ,R-K6 I, to be followed 'by" -i' • R~[QB6 .

and 'the, Knight is, in had, shape (if 3 [ R ~B.1 , R.(6)~·K 7,;:

· 3,2' R~BI, P-'QK4-,;, 33 Kt~'R5", B---,K:2; 34 P~'R3,) P~QB4' . and wins). [Or 30 ,P:-QR4, R~K-5; 31 P-,K't5; P~QR4, followed

· by .'" " ," ~Kt2~BI,-B'4 and wins, Blac.k's material and positional advantage must always teII~

I • . • •

,S'UM MAR' r' ;"' Whitt's plC!y' mas all ",~ psctui(J-tit;"()clop·,rnc.nt ,,', It, M . WJ'.t enough. to bri'n:g oui' the pieces rapidly'; .they must be dtvelope'd

wit' fi"o" rethou eJ'I."" w- 1"M' -, an' . '~1J\'" fi;"'r' i, z, -~r fi'·HC"1jCr-P d·eJ. '1011lmD>>t. An -. - d

o.~.~ ~.{£ _.,r, .... -'. -:':£'": .:--.~/'li, E~' "~'.". :- ~,:_ ~JD' _~.·.·u·.· [~,tf:.l.~. . ... ",,~'K~ i.- a . :c..r' .~_.~ '::.t.-',_'~: ~ ','-,'.' ~.' .. :" .

· ab,oiv~ all : '!a:tling. is al~ost alw,ays an. i:mport-ant., de'vel~p'ing :m:'VB eWht,te"'s omsssum of ,(;'astltng transformed a colourless and mediocre =bu: doubtless playable-position. 'into a hopeless rout,

LESSQ,N IX

(a) After White's last move he threatens to assume a dominant, not 'to say' domineering, position in the centre with P~K4'. The usual method of parrying this, threat is 3 '. '.' ., P~'Q4 ( occupation of the centre) . But by pinning

"'h" ; Q" K B' I' ck h· h h' ., ( ..

W,"ite's ',' ',' t, .• " a" acnteves tne same o:~:ect.'p.reventlng

p- K4) nat hy occupying the centre, hut by (;o,ntr,olli'fl;g it. And of course, Black reserves the option of occupying the centre

1 .. th ., it.. thi d' · 'b1

tater on, In '", e event that tn IS seems, ·,"eSllra, i,e,.

(b)Wh'" · }' he si ~ b

",: "" ,', II"] te wants to c ear t ie situation at once, so as to oe

rid of the pin, A possible drawback is that the doubled QB"P may become a toeakness subsequently, The Pawn at White~'.s QB4, for example, is unwieldy and easily subject

to pressure (for instance, 'by a subsequent E - .. Kt~:B3,'~R4

.. binati .. h P Q' K' d B-R )"

In (~;om omanon WIt - .. ~ ",-.," "~.13 an · - - ,', ,.- 3' ~

(c), 5 - · .. , ,P-B'4 has a number of objects: (I) it (" fixes."

W,mte')s Pawn at 'Q--'B'4" so that it can, be attacked in due

-.~ ,

() h · h ,. b ~'l· f' , •

course ,;, :2" t, ere now exists t ae pass.}' '·'1 ity 0' ': augmenting

the pressure on White's delicate QBPs by means of a frontal attack (bringing a Black Rook to QBr); (3) the powerful counter-attack .. .. '.' Q~R4is made possible.

("d)' If 5, " ~ ~ , Kt-:KS·· 6 Kt~B3"' is indeed a 'feasible

" ' ,. "'" ~ . ,- ...,' , ","" ' " , " , ."

""'.1'1. t('.. -['6" 'K"t'xQ"B,'P"?'?- , Q"' 'B' ind ,tl'h",·· Knizht

re,PY, lor Ie ., ~ e- " . .',"'''';' 7 .-:-,2,- a.n" me ,nIg"

is lost. -

(e) 6 P-B3' has the double object of preparing for ,PK4 and also preventing ~ . ~ Kt~K.s.~ 'Thus if 6 B----KtS, Q-R4 !"; 7 Q-B2 (7 ,B X Kt} Qx P'ch, etc .. ), Kt-K.s:, with a fine-initiative

for Black, '.

(f) If6 B~Kt5', 'Q~R4I; 7 Q~B2 (not 7' BxKt?, QxPcn, etc, ),' K t- K 5 and Black has the initiative.

(g) White cannot play 8. P:--K4? because: of8 ~ ~ ~ "Kt x P;

-- Q B' e-: P x P If""B' P"=Q""B";:"4;? K: t'~B'6 s: '11', wed bv Px P '

9 .... ~ . 2, ,: .. ,: ... "e' ." ,I, ' .. ,' to .: owe ,. ,y '. '.' ~. ' ". 'II'

This gives us a valuable insight into the position. Although White has rid himself of the 'troublesome "[doubled Pawn, he m list still proceed carefully, because his centre: is shaky, and a hasty advance may bring about the immediate collapse of a,

7,6

AN,,~'S~'W:", 'ER' Q,

< '.'." ", ,1i:I]

77

structure . which at the moment (conside.ri:n.g the inevitability

of ,P~,K4) seems soimposing. . . .

(11) Black cannot play 8, '. .' .." p x P;, 9: ,P' x P, Q-:-:R.Sch; .]0 P~~t:3;,' Q,X"QP"? because of 1: r B-QK.t2 (the simplest)~ K.t~K.6 [unfortunately the Queen, has no' retreat from. where she can p,fo-tect the 'QE];; 1,2. Q·x·J3ich. (n,ot: [':2 ,B, X Q.?I'?·jl

. Kt x: Qch ~~:foillowe:,d bly' ,., ., .' :Kt x B) and wins, : .

. (l) . ~[O P-K,5 would· commit Whi'te too /uUlIJi/y in the . centre,

There would follow 1'0 ;0 • ~.; Kt-Q.4 with strong .pressure

on White:"s, harried, centre, If then 'I'] Ba-:Kt2 (a wretched place 'for I~a'- J3i~h~~p I) 'Q~R4 (." KtK6 ~ '15 also' ' g~~d}~"

: . i':~"Q~'2 fbl1~'~ed ~by' ~'~"~ B--'Q2 5 ~~.ith~ an easy initiative '£0;'

. Black~.: ~ . .

... · .... -Or I.O P X P;, ~R4;: I I B-:K3, K~Q2: and Black recovers '. the Pawn with fine . play' against vVhi.te;s 'QBP~'n isolated

Panm. on an, open file" . ~:

. '. (j) It woul1d' be disastrous for Black to win a Pawn now wit:h 10', . ::PXP;II PXP, QxP?be~a~e~f12BXKtclt~· P'x.B,;, ·J'3: [QXPICl1" ,K~I.; 14 Kt-K2 !" 'Q,:xR; 15, Qx,R and White 'has, a 'Minning' position; for whereas his 'Kin.g' '~~jJI. be in perfect ,safety after 1'6' '0-[01, the, position of Black's'

K~' h b h .. ,,,.'1 '1 '" d

. lng ,:' ':itS i oeen c:~:opCl,e.ssJ.'y comprormse: .• '.",

'W.HITE HAS RIDNED HIS

PAWN POSITION

BLAGE:

.' :

,',

W !'rE.

0' • r,

H" ",

(Position after .I I ,P' X P)

("H'-: ':r?'p'!" F' O' 'R·-' A--··'M: 'A- T'1:i"Ull'R','?-'

.~_ ~ £ ;~,D . ", 1., ... JI [.f."~ ," ," ""'0.

It may be laid down, as a general rule that when your opponent . finds it 'useless to adopt normal defensive 'methods. " d ',- e- rts t - lit ,;tl .... '" - bi . atir -.,- p,. d fen i -, ." - -,,; " , .an, _. resor s to .11", re com, una ions lor iere .... sive purposes, you

-.-- . ··t·,l.- 7ier'tl char» of"" a p ..... ;:11 ~,t' -I,. auemo i' on y" our P' art to ¥IiI'i;n t-'t.-'"

,m-us, .ue V>J_: J " .. '- ,rear 'tut.e_" 1;.0: -' -F,I- _' " :_~ - _~ - .... W .t.,j~ ftt:i

" " - aced m , .... terial : often ~. d oin g" so' ". y' 'au, m a"Y ~O" rfei ,t y' O:U' r

,men~. ~:u.'~': v _, !), ',II.. , In . ,~, '_ ..':) ' .. -. '. ' '.' ,1'1.' ,1.~, '.'.' .

entrre material advantage,

(k) 'This is a very poor move, as, it worsens White's Pawn position, without. all'y compensating advantage. Black, can,

,. - .. hi ... · .p" -" - ~. ~ £- h h d b

. , . - . -,: -, ! '-.. • , . - • -.', . - -..- , - .. , .-

I' . . '. - -' . - " l' . • - - '. . ," . I" 1 . I' '. ' I I ," '1' .• -.," I " '. .. . ,

easil y regaIn . s ~,a\Vll (so easil y" In " act, t , at , , e neec not . ie

h b it) £. ' h +-1" h

in any urry about it), atter which I e can, utihze tie now

open O~B file for pressure. against White~s QB,:P" As the g.ame

- h 1'1 1 'I: h Co~'

goes on, we sl a i see more and more c earry what a fatal

'"I-Is' - thi - k Q'" B' po, .. £'''- W- ·'h-·' - '. '''' ...

I,' . I .' ,-,,' .. ' . . - ",' , . - I " : ", I" . ," .', . ',I,! . . -' ',' " ,'. . ' . .' ,

mi. stone " 13, wea '.' IS or", rte ,8 position.

And in addition: in order to maintain the advanced 'QBP even temporarily', 'VVhite will have to play B, x' Kt. This will not only deprive him of the two Bishops, but it will lease toeaknesses on his ,white sq,uore5, particularly at his QB4,.

From the above, it, is clear that. 'White: would have been well advised to avoid, all these difficult problems; continuing 'with the simple. devel oping move 'Kt-:K2 ~

(1):[ In, the; event of 141, QI-Kt2, there: follows ..... R~Q.·.····6

.. . ,~. ..J. .• •.• ;, ," .: • • , ~ ~ . " . _ • " ..... "

regaining the Pawn at once and. in an advantageous manner. Thus Black, is already beginning to take advantage of the

W- ,c"'" kness fi r t'h~..o, -w- 'hi ~:A sq.~Jar:J::) ,('

': "yU/ilr._ .tJ';.' ~ It.!) ',.,'.I;r . :',_,' ._.~ '", -(.1;. __ ~~I.

( m) Black. win have an easy time exploiting the toeak white squares and increasing the pressure on the QB,P,., Thus White has voluntarily created the, weapon for his own downfall,

. " .

. (0) Black's Queen, is, very well placed at QRs.., being

poised £:0" ··r-' in '-: asion '0" f", the w - ,'h' .ite sq U" are's when the opportuni tv'·

.l~,.' ,.!J 1,. __ V.',l'. " '. " , . _ ~, . Loll', _ .,' ,,',,' " :""",'., .. ~:, I ",'_

offers White's QB4 Q3" 'a' nd K" (']I m ust 'be gu' arded to prevent

, ,:Ii. "Il-,,JI . __ _ '.' ,___~.; _ _,L. _;" .. ~;I - ; -' ,," __ . u....... . . . ,'.. '"'" .' _ ' ..

h '.. ~

sue an invasion.

W':h-~te.· is oosit ","' ... ll vlost b ut if h'[e' ~C![ to put ":p' a fight his ,h... I~ P 81 .rona ly , . ~'" ' .... ' I, " !~ .. ', ' u[!:. U, .. '.'."', .l;;J

b h .. ld b R' R f 'II d b R" Q' .'

oest c, oice '\VOU .:.: seem to .: e ': .. ~ .. 2:0·~ .owe... ,·'Y ',',~ •.. :' 2, In

the hope of disputing the Q file", It cannot be' said that this, is very promising strategy ~ since ''rV.bite will be una ble to double Rooks on the Q, file.

(0) \~'hite hopes to force ... P[~B3,;. which would create a slight weakness in the hostile Pawn position. Black could. read' i}y' ,,: ris k )!I th +~l a d ., '·a····· nee bu t he doubtless a nti cip -- a tes eh e

_ __, .. _ . "___ ,1.;). ,v , _ ,', _ _, _ _ _ _ _ _ oJ'L:J. 1 1. .... ..

voluntarv withdrawal 0';£ the Bish o""'P', fro m :.'.f-';",j .·,tr.,':t, ,,11 ", ost

" .. ',"" "I '" " "' "" ""~, , J1,. ,., l"L..') lne::lleCI ... ,ua~, ,pos

a" t K" r'5'~

. (,,'. ')'~'""A'''' c. " '" ~~ "c, 1 t, d of th ' " iition " -""" - "t fi d'· P.· ,.' srter a careru S: D·. yo •. re ,po,S!. ion, one cannot r no

h ., '"' th acti " ~ d ,"', I' ' ... ,," "f W':'"'h~t " 'R" ,·11__ :C. b11' ... '.

,,,I_'OW '" ne ac uar « "eve" opment 0: "". nn e SI,,:,:..OO&:s;, reeore as It

is in th e game ICO,t11d'" have b' 'e'en improved on rru: , .. " .

" ,,,'"" '. " '-"" '" ':" '"" ~::. "I ,IP.;, '. .' ',,"',', c, "I,,';!" ," ,"" ',',.~ .1. rtts ts a

fur,iller indictment of' White" S ,previous bad' judgment,.

( q) Black has. manceuvred '\rery a bly to exert ,itfesiS'tible pressure on the w'h'ite square QB4, which, has 'been left defenceless as one of the chief results of 'W,hite",s ill-judged play on moves 'I' ·r· 'an' d I n,

•. ,'. '." .1. z~

(r) Again" the taeakness of 'White" s :whi.te sq,ua~rf1s (resulting'

fr hi h d h ) '.' · f II · bl '

'.-' '. . ... . . '.' .:' --:. I ,." .. :- I' . '11' ',.'. :' '. ~ J --:"," • I .-. I I.. '. ~L' I '.:.' .: l i," i J ' ..... ".. '.: • I .~:

om ,IS, r r tt an, E ,2 t moves IS. ,paIno u ' .y noticeab e,.,

If' "R' "S' K:'-'·· Q':.: 6"'" h" ,'h" ..

.' I."':. :.~ .... . ... ['_ I : ...... ,.- i :' ".', j.',: .. ·.'1.' " •.

,2,5 , I, ,t " wIns t e exc ,.an,ge~

1"f"05' Oi-Br K:'t'-;Q·;·'·6··· wins the ,.~ ch a, nze

., ",,", ~"'> '" '. ,I" '> . TY,I,,_. 6J' 11;.." e exe., . 0'10, ...

If" ~." 'K" K-'- Q" 6" .. h h

. , ',.' " ." .. wrr , ."" " '"' .

, ,:2,5'· ...•.. ,: 1, .', t- . _" '.'. :iVl,ns t . .e ex,c" ,ang.e~

'I"f" , K' , 'K 'OK ~ "

,J1.,' , 2,5 ',t~, I <: 2',. ,.0-, t4 \VinS4'

If n 5 B,' '"_.Q'" . ,(110 K:- 'to ,-'B"'· 5"'~ n ~ '''f) 'Hi; I K: '~'-!Q' 3' ~ :2 7"~~' B"'" - "Q'" . n P - Tl" AI ~,

,J[, 6 '."" , "":; ',.'."'.' .• ,.. ,~U n--:. ':;' ".,:, . . - ""," ,', .,' '&.~' ,~

S" 'K B K '"K-'"' 'p' 'K Q-' 'R':' Q"' . h .' ..

.~ .. ,:-:. .'":,,'- :L'"~ '...... .:--: ..... ". .> :'-. ~.' ">':': < .. ' I:' .[: ' ._:: .. ' I" " .. '1'.,: I' .'l·' :.: ~.-,- ,- " .j .•. - .••.••

2. ,t. 5, . t x t; 29" X, t,",: ': "1[, wetr a WlnnID"g

position ..

(s) Black threatens, to win a piece with · ... P~,K4 ..

(t) .l:f,28 R~,K,l" K,t-Q8. wins, the QBP with an easy 'victory in, sight, as Vihib~'~s, pieces continue to stand badly ..

, . (u) If 29 K.t~':K'~;: ,B-K~4 'wins, for example 30",R-K,l"

R-Q' 7"" ',," 3'"" I K·'· ~B" t R···,· v P fo Ilow ed b ':y."" 3"n R·:·· (;'6'· .), "-B': '7,'-

: ',:) ':" ,~ ',' ,r.. ." 11. '. , ',,' "" " ~ ~ .. ~ ,', . ,,:' ,'. " ... : ~

(v) After 29 :R=,Br:, Black of course decides the game 'by ' .. , ~ R,xKt,

S'U MMA.R1".4 'WhitlJ"s ill-adoised 1:1 ill and I2lh moves 18ft him ,with Pawn toeaknesses and acc()~p,anying' toeaknesses on the

~,jj'i r.;'t, '0 .S· mln",A'f? fl' rom :~,;tl IH~.t; l~, 1M, lD;:, ,as" , 'H.',,"':I'leT··' a 1.,£.'4' to .. ',¥P· ... O':I'l'P'Y rrt; '"'''''';.t!i' toeak '"",

l/4IT'~ Ip. 'l' ~~, ~J .' U',fl'" ~.'~i~,f~ I,v .' ,I~;~(.J.,. f.I.~ ,~., ,. (;.,~ U~l. [,,( Ju.o~~, ~~"".

nesses eo,n'demne'd him to loss oj tile ini'tiati,ve~ pe,mumen#y /J're,venkd a harmonious de veIOP,mtl,d,; ,put him _ on the dejensi'v,e, and ruined all opportunities for CO fJJZ,t"rp,lay,;

(a) Whit,e.~s strategy is to control ,'t:'he Iong diagonal from K.Kt:2 to QR8... The square IQ5~ .being located :in the earltre:, is

he -e. , f h di I' hich 'W"'h' i

t ',e most important 'part 0:" t . ,·e . ": uagona W~,;lC,.. . .. ' ":,i ite lOp es

to 00',,' ntr 0" '1' . . '

I .',' "

" ... " '.' " . ~ .'

("b',) 3' , 'D.~"Q' .... ...t, has the virtue .t'\f· freeing 'E" :·la.····c'.-,k~s'~ 'g' 'arne

"," '[."_ ," II!!' !II • ,. ... .1:::.. _-~~.~., «-0 l!~_'.' • ~_. ',' v." 1~~1. " '.~. <. I .',' .' : ".' •• : 1" 0 '~'.' •

. and permitting a. good development of his forces, On the other hand, after 3 '. ,t ~ ; P~Q4; 4 P X P, Ktx P';, S ~·Kt2 th.elJc:. 'ower of Whit-ei"s K'B would be enhanced ...

',' .··.·;,er the text, Black has a somewhat cramped game 'but

'11', , ,"', fi···-· .' .' . 'f' ·W····'··h' it ,. K' 'B" ~ 1" ,.-. rrked

tne mnuence 0,", vrute S '--'_ ,,' IS ess marke t,

( ... -) T' "h' '.'. .. ',' ·t"'"· .,"'. -- " . ... ts ."" favo . ·f·· . 'B'" -K" .r

" . ,~ .• - .: ; , . ..". . -. . I . - . '" [ .' '. ." . '"J' 1- . I' - t·!I!II!!!I! • ' .

c. "ere. arewo ,ar,gum.en. ,', In ,a vo:r 0.. • ~ ~ .... . "5"

The first lis th at now thai 'W' ..... 'hite's 'K-' .B ~ii:! on' "K:' K' t:,() . P ... , ..... :Q.' .. '.:., 4'

:',_ ... ,..... "'.' _~ .. :... _:. _ v,': 'L!.l "._" ,'"," • ....,. ~ '.',' '--:. , ... ~ "0" .:. _,'. "~'l ' .. ~I Ii! ,: - "< .. ~_-

is Impossible, Therefore, Black. must have recourse to ~ .-.~ ,PQ':··.···.·3··:,,· 'W: hich will hem ,--C J~.:~I his KB· and Ieave it with little

_ ,.) ., _" '" _ . , " _. .. i-~ , , , _ . ... J], ,_,. .. . ""i.., ,. _

scope.

'T' ':h' d ' in f 'r" ~-. K"'" . '. th - ...

.. : ' .. ", con'" '.,: -- '. ~ I .. -.' ,',"; ""1 , .... V"',' r .,:,' ,. ,.'., - :" '. '. I' : I ... ,' ",':",,' .:,',

. e se __ ,,' ... argument In ,a, Oll_ 0 ... ," , __ , t51S at S.lnce

thi ieceh '. II' C '111.~ f '. ~1I!1 b h

, IS plece,' as no 'pr"9mlslng ~ uture to ;8 pea1\. ot, 1 t win be wort .~:

Black's 'while to exchange; the Bishop for White'e .QKt, which

• " f"'h ... th - d Q :T"-" hi

. il "'. ~ [ . ... -.. I I . I . .. ", . ',. . . ~ - , - ~ . I , , '. .'

is one 0 tt e p.leces at comman .. ·.5~ ": 0 sum U.p, this

exchange would remove a W,hite piece whi.ch. promises to

'L..' ,,~';~W' ·i·,. ret ... '.''-,- ,~, .. : .. , -"i Black oiece vhich does .'. " .. '. have ue useJ.~ : ,In. '.' . urn ,J!or a.. , .. ~,a-C.~ pJieCe T.iV. Ie , ' .. O~ n.ot ' ,ave

much of a future,

(' . ...1').)\:"" Black can no lonzer play . P"'~'Q'4' (if 6" ,

. u. ~ . .a. " ' '.0.' , . • '" ~ '.'. .:1.. .• • ~ :,

··p·:,-'Q····A'?iI! 7 P x P Kt x .. c P. .. '8' Kt ·x··'·P·'1 .. ~,.,.,~.O' ' p ..... ,- .... ,., .... ') .. he

--"- 'J't''' ,. .' .' .. ,. '. . . . ,-, e ':"" .. ' .... " 'vlnnln~ a, '. awn ~ ._._.'e

must: restrict himself to the rather cramping text: 'with, the

., [ oJ'

result that his KB has Iittle scope.' .... ..

( e ) .P~Q.4. 'would. be decidedly preferable, for it 'would confeont BI.a.ck with two unpleasant alternatives: if he plays .. .. ~ p X P; then 8 Kt X P and ·White/'.s pressure on. the diagonal has become stronger than ever If. on the other

, '. " ,... "" , .., - - " .-. "-- ,.., ., . . .. , "

h 'd' B': I' ck id p" P hi ." ~. . ~

.;~·an. '!)'l.a._':' :aVOl ':,5 4 'i .~ / X. " : us POSItion remains unlco.m.~

fortably •• ·, congested ..

(.·f·'·.) B'·'.;la"ck·· is anglin g'\' for an ex .. change ·0':[ Bish '-P:':g· with

-,' -'" ,- , . . .::c. '- . . , , ' . - .. . '-- ~ ". ' IS . 01.:-:, .l_~. ,.

40 .ji. ~ B-- R6.~ This transaction would obviously favour Black,

si "10''- e ~l~'S' 'Q-: lll, is fa r I' ess effec tive th a m "I'·:S,· ·\i'Vn:. ite' ~ 'K" B'·::~ .

\U·I·,· 'I Ill· ~ ',,< P ,'~" J,~ I' '" -~i:JI ~,~ L~. ,"~~ _' ~ .... ' ... ,-. .1 .~·l,I,£. ~~' . ""'- ' •.

80

. ". jh:tSi:"t.t'~E' :' R"~

.I.'U.1iIll ~~ y~ __ .-_,_ J ~I_~'

. .

The logical continuation for White, therefore; is . .8 P-KRS.

and if 8 "'.~' ,~ , Q~.lll; 9' .K~,R2, etc. .. . .: : :. .. ...

(g) 'The trouble with ~Kts. in, this type' of position :ls,·. ' ... - that when the Bishop is, challenged by . ~ " ·:P~K'~:3·';· it: must- .

" ither , xcha -·:g'··e n'r retreat :,11'0- ng its orig inal ·d'· , .. " ... _',. ~.1i . T"·h·· .

e.I" __ er ex.c:an,., ~,_, , __ ..... -_·u' a~, ._.<_ :---' .,II,~.-- -·-'-,--.-l~gon~J:., •... __ ,,~_.:e .

. Bishop cannot go'·.to R4,.beca.use of , ... ,. ",' P~KKt4·'in,,'f\ep.lY~· .:.

W,hite'~:s object in playing this, move is to. obtain eontrol ~O,· ,'Qs by removing Btaek'sKKt,;, but" as, will be seen;' this

control is only temporary;;' ,. ." .

(h' .. );, I,t 1~ s' d' .,' 1'" ffi: " '., c . U' ~t-:· t o· . see w .... hy ,,,,n., it Q; c . a 'P+U'To,Q th ,& B~ :,'I'ch'"-' -: - ?.. . .

_,'",' .~,' ...•. ,.' 11.[,.,.11.. '.' , .. ,v,l, '. VV.U.i.'Y,,:,' iIl., 'L.::t , ''I",r :~1~1. ~P':.'I! .. · ..

instead of waiting' calmly for Black to play '" " ;; B X B~ .: ~·rt .

is the latter form ofthe exchange that is. preferable for White, .... since in that event Black's Qu~e:n does not come into po,werfol· :

. play' as in the text continuation. '. ;

(:i) For the moment Black's game looks badly cramped,'. . ·'but he can free himself readily with ;; ,~ ~ 'Kt~K,2 followed . : ..

. 'by '. , .. '. P-QBS~. Aside from that, he ought to be readyin

:.~: fe --,~ moves to 0' -btain goo .. ad counterplay with " P---;:BA ..:

. a ,U W ,'if .,0 "v " .. , , , .. ' '"' ,., , '~r ". ,'Y "- .. .. .. " ""']f,'

followed, according to .circumstances, by '. ~ 'I' P~:K5 or·. :

P-· B'" - .

I@'" 'It. .•• ·C·: ··_1_' '··5~ :

:.. (j) l:-6 Kt Kr was a far better move for ''VV,hite~ The continuation .might have been 16 .. ~ .. ", P-KB4;· 17 :Kt~'K:t2,. R".:-BS,;· . 1:8 :Kt-B'4', Q-R.3; 19 QR-Q,'I and Whire has a good game (if 19 , .". ~::, P-:B-s; :20 P~5 l).

'. The text, on the other hand, looks . 'risky" if only on, the general p-rinciple that one must be wary about lett'ing' th« shott~· ~tepping'.· Knight go tao fat tlfo.ld~

: .: (k) : i::6 Kt~Kt5?? . was a 'bad, blunder, and Black's reply is .: ,in, the same category, By playing .. '" .. Q-B41 Black would .: have won a. piece, as 'path I 7' .,P~B'4 and 17 ,P-KR4·

are met decisively 'by: 17 .. .. .. " P~KR-3.. . .

. The: faulty nature of the text is made clear by the fact that after 17 P~KB4" there is. no longer any point to .. " ~

P-'·K"R·,:

-.:,3~ ..

('I) . 'po K' R" '? ? ld b- 'bI d 1 d"'

," .'. r 7 . ~-"-: :,4 ~. wout -- oe a gross filunc el",' eadmg to

(he loss, of a piece after 17 ~ ~ " , ,P:~,KR·,3'"' .

. (m) 1.7 ~ " '" , P-KB4 is inferior because it creates (l., hole . ,at' Black:« ,Kj permitting the following formidable placement: . of vVbite?'s Knight, .Much stronger 'was 17 '. " ~ , p X P e .. P," .

18 Kt x P(B3); P~,KB4 followed by pressure along 'the K file against 'White's backward .KP~

As Black plays, it is he who is left with the Pawn weakness ; consequen tly the initiative ,passes to his opponent,

(0) The indicated, procedure for W'hite is to try to open 'up new lines on the Queen side, 'where he already exerts consider-

bl H'·' ,. ...JI" biecti h ld- b P' B

ar ' e pressure, r IS immediate o Dectlve shou ',', oe t, ~ ", 5~

White definitely has the better game, for his pieces are posted more advantageously and, th-e positional trumps are all in his hands, Black's pieces do not co-operate and lack

.. bi 4 -,

constructive 0, uectlves,.

(' ) C" ,,C ed b h ~ .' d ib d 4 L •

o ,,:onJron.t ed by t - e SItuation, escnbec In tne preVIOUS

n.o tie , Black hopes to secure some counter-attack, He hopes that in this way he can, draw off some of the pressure on the 'Queen side, and at the same time get his pieces, in, more effective play ..

(p) There is not much point to P ,~K,,3 at this stage, Stronger would have been 21 K,-RI! so. as to be able to answer '. ~ " P~,R5 with P 'x P, seizing' the ,K,Kt file and

h- b' . .. h + 'ack. r - "b 'l- + • .' th .. ~

t ereny 'l-ncreastng"t} aitacsmg P.oSSI'f1.tzes 'Wl::loutglvlng

Black the kind, of chances he obtains after the text.

(q) Sometimes a player's motivations are extremely illogical !'White refused to play K-RI on the previous move, when, it could have been played without a sacrifice: and instead he prefers to play it now, when it involves, giving up a Pawn'

There 'was, however, no need for giving u:p any material,

Q-- KK" ~.: ~.(" d .. f it..

2 2 ..... ,., "" t2 ,"vas q'Ul te sanstactory, an, r I;' tnen 2:2 . • "'"

P'XP; 23 'QxKtP,,, QxrQch,; 24 Px,Q with advantage to 'Whi

te ..

(r) 'Clutching at the Pawn is by no means so important

~."iO h Bl k uld Jr ' ... d

as rnamtammg the pressure,. _: siac .. ' -co " ave mamtame u

a. clear advantage with 24 '. .' . " K-B2 l ; 25 P X P (Black threatened .... ,R~,RI); R-RICh; 26 K-KtI", R-R6 (threat-

'- ,. , , Q::'. R-': R- -- ~).. ,', 'Q'-' K· -B> Q~'-R-- R-"" '-'d-: Bl k hs - --

erung ..... ". ,'~' I" 27,-,,,_2,,,:-,· I ano ruacr as a

.' .

wmnmg g' - am e,''-'

. . ~ .. -~-, ,_., -'.

It is therefore abundantly clear that White:'s K--Rr was

""1 d oui f 1 1

. -' -" . • I -", ". - - " -,'. - . . ... :. ! -'" -.... -'. .. ".'. -. 1'" • ~";-' .• "

essenna on move 21 ano quite out 0, piace a move tater.

( s ) It would have be-en. tela tively better to play 25 . .. .. ;,

: :

. AN·' : ·S'W~·.· . "E··RS: ' .

. ,I ~ .'.1' _w",_,'

. 8'·:'3· .

. " '.'

..

. .

¥lHITE MUST ll"E·M'OVE. TIm ADV AN'tEO ··KBp·

.r .

. .

. BLAGK

. . ...

• ,'I ••

. .

. . . .

-

.,' .

..

• I. •

I. :.

.. ,'.

I' ••

.. ~

'A7H~"'tY£

. "r __ Al~.~~

(P6$itio.n after 28 • ,. •. ; :P X K t)

. .

. .': (~) .·~·n positions . where. one has just. won some important 'matetial, there is a .. tendency to relax. and take the remaining

.. pla·y.· too. easily. But : this i So unwise; for if the material advan- .

. : rage is so great, .it is doubly foolish to .play so carelessly.that even a larg« material advantage comes to nothing] In the presen t position, . the choice .of White's 29th move, for example, requires some care. Let us see-i- .

. (1:) 29 .. R~~KK.t1 ?,; . R:-RICh; 30 K-Kt3,QR~KKtI.; 3~ K.xP, .R~·R6ch;· .32 .K~Kt2! and 'wins, but not 3:2 R~Kt,3.; RxRch ; 33 :K·.xR, ~B6 dis ch, Also not 31 Q--Ql1 ?,' ~

ClIESS, FOR ,AMA:TE'URS

'~5 dis, ch ! and B:LACX wins: 32' K X p. R-RI6ch" 33

'~K~"~'K':~'~ R' ~,:-'. 'p-, 'b~ ,.. . 'KI~'~Q"~' R~~', '~" -R'":' ' •....... ,-.' 'Q·::"'.·:'R': 'R",-"16' ",_.~: I,'

.... " ,2,,., _c,_ X ~, C,., :J4·, '. ,:!2, ~,' X, " 35 .... ,x. ,', I" ~,'.-, etc,

(II)' 29 'Q 'KB2 (in order to remove the dangerous KBP

~_, ..",~::::-=-,'~~:< .. ,11',_:'.,:" : <.' ',~,,'_,':",:~,,~~'~':.~,'I,._.' .. '.

at once), R, Rrch; 30 ,K-,Ktg., QR K,K,t.r (If 3,0 .. ," ~ ,

'D 'B'S':'" 3~"!" 'K:x":"P": B-'R:~5··!I 3'0 Q·~.~BQ'I 5"'0·' as to answer

D-= __ .. :,. ,~:'" ,,' ~ ,. , ~--: '_,.:.i' ,:;to ":~' ~ '" .' -. , .. 0") ~.' ~,. . ,-,.,~ ~ '", '.

Q····'-R: ·~·K:··.- 'K,,'··t·1 with :Q''- X': < P) ... , 3" I K··:···· 'X P 'B··:-B·-'"s··'· ~ 3n R···-'K' Ktr

'. -.' 'C" :" ., . , ,~..,,: •. i ,..:., ....; . '" , ,'. ':) ,;!lO " '. " ."c.,.

,B---,R5; 38 R. x R ! and wins.

(III) 29 R:.-;.BI (again striving to eliminatetbe ,KBP) ,

R.- 'R, ·h···.. '.. 'K" 'K···· .... nlR "K' ·'K'··'." ~ . ~K:::' . P 'R" R' '6'~' h ~

""-~ I C;. "~ ,3-0' ~~;_ ,"-1,t,3, .~ '.' =,~ , __ ~tI ,. 3 I . __ X",. .... -. ,C",,.

K 'K-' 'R---' R' ~.-. h 'R' B · ~

"['" .' I:, ',1[,. 'j. - " " .' -' . ',- -,' .. '_" ,- .. ' ' .. ta

3,2 -, ;, 2) ,': rrs: 7C, " 3,3, ,,' ~ 2" etc., Wlnnlno~

(v) 3'-.0 'Q"',,-'KB2 ? '-;.. desp ite i-ts plausible asp ect, leaves White

. .' , .,:-' .':"-- ~ "" '. '. " u . ~.", • ' .' ",. "~ .. ~',' . . .,.' •• . • •

in a hopelessly lost position. Here are some alternatives,

(I) 30 R--·KBI] .. R~RICh,~ 3'1 K-:Ktg, QR,-:KKtI:· 3'2

'K·'-' .. .-' .... p.:--- :-R" ···:-,R··'-~·6-·~h·' ~ .,.. K'~K':·~·~·· ·'R·:· ,~'R'--' '-'·'h'" .: ····")R'~ ",-,B::'" and ·:~.l,c- ' ...

, .'. ,x .. , :':' - C ".'" 33. ,.",2,.··. ,7c .. ~.'"j 3,4, :.' ' r ~ an ~ WIns,",

("1-111) :3,'0', Q"':_'Q'" 3'? 'B--: B .. ;, I ~ 3"T' R···-·K·'·K> t: (if 3'.-1' 'Q'.:--' .. X'·' P Jl?

. "'. ', .... ',." :-',3 ""'.'.J.. _ .. .:.'.,', . ,.1 .l.~., ~",_".' .. ,'

R~Kt7~'h" a nd mate> £0110" ws) R~RI[c·--h: ~ 3"'2'· K-Kt3 .. ··~'OJ···- 'R~ ,~K;'.· t.rch :

. . "- . . ". . .. ._". ,. . . till , ' .,.." ,,,.',. _, , . ., ,

33 Kc-B:2, :B-R,,5ch; 3,4 K~B,I, Rx,Rc.:h;, 1,5, K.~X·R, P-:B7ch,.;·

36,'. 'K:j'..~R"2;·' (if 3'6"" K'" 'K' 't'2" R"~K': t" .. h or :" f 3···t..· KI'- ....... B'iI' 'R·-.-·-K··c'K·····'t··I')·;

. _. : ~ -.' '. . .. 1 ' ..I' _ -, '"." . ~"'.' ,,:, Ie,' , '.I, ·IV .... ' .. '.' ,iI. ,', ", . .: .... ,': . <.,

R'" K"'K: tr ...... , Q .... j p. 'R K",,,s·, ,'" d "r..~. " I T·:h·'·~ ., .... ·t"'· ~. ".

_~"=,.' ,',1,~ 37 .. '. X." ,'.,- ,t, an WIns,; . IS v.ar.lalQ,Q, .a.g,aln,

indicates how vital it is to remove Black's powerful ,KB,P"

('['I'I) R K- ,," ~K~" '~ 'B' B'· t d 1A1h' 'I' " ..'. ~

L .. ,~,- ,30 -';.: .n r, . -,3. a .. ne ~ Vl" ate's position 18 ex-

11 diffi I

tremety ','1 icu 't~

Th- b h Wh'" h d t: .. I~I ick wi

".·.US we note tnat wnereas .. :,ltlea a tarrly quick win

.. hd l~ d- '1 1 ,. h

on. move 29,. victory .. iac a reac y necome e usrve on t:1 every

next move; so much SO', that he blunders with the: text and actu a Ily ..... 110, s ies

~ ~" '" , .. Jl_ Jl, _ ". !!II

( ". '), Ife 'R" K' 'K"-" (' .... '.' I· te 't··· " .,,.,,a.O""~':""'" "." hin "'-""1£', f,» R R' ,,'! ~ W,', .' 311' - '. ': tr t too _a"e, . 0 extricate I.m$e ,', ~.', ,', .. em., .: ,I,ed.;

.' . ~ 'K' K' ""t~ B' R' ~ h ; d ,.~~. . .

32 . -, 3' :."_'" 5'c .an" \l\ilnS

_' ',' ,~~, ': I', ' . .,' "" .. ' '., '--, ,'. ~.,. . ..

. SUM MAR,r~· White misses some vcry jatJo'U:rahle posi'tional pessi-

b"Z' .. ·1 '., , L ~ S' b I' b" h:'l'

, I·.tttes 'tn, tile t:1Je,nt,1l;g ~ .' .. :u: e- seqU'en,t',~ , ... 0.1'" p,:ayer:s go wrp~g' very

z. dl' " b" "10+ • ~ h l 1· d:

oa .:~ ~'n, anum .. 'er' ty .. instances. SUe;·: stooen tmess courts ' lisas fer.

... ).:.-

. . . .

• • •• •• • • •• ·0 ..

=-- ... . .

. .. . ... .

. . .. . .

. ....

......

.' :MIS'tAK.ES 'TO Avorn . . .,:: .... :: .:

-. .: : r. 'White plays I P-K:B3 and wins a. piece, .Inexpe:riellced· .. .'player~. frequently ·com~it the

. 'blunder :'~f .protecting attacked :

;' pieces with other pieces which are too .c~r adva n ced 'and" "are

. ",'..'.. l,w' <;iI;.'.',;C'.,V ..... " _,,'. ' .....

. ',t'bus themselves' liable to. attack

. . . .

. ' . (i'lt?J-so.ty: .. pro tection )-., . . . .

':': .. Note; by contrast, how secure .

. ' .. 'vv.lt~te~'s Knight is on Q5~ Gen-

er aj""'""l',y''' , ~'P" e akin "g sue h a' n a" d

[ _ ~.::._.~ -: .,j,;~_, '~',.'_,'~_:;' :: .:;,~~~ I :'~\ll·[ :'.,' ',III!"

'. vanced -. '. 'piece is most securely.. '

. gu"."'.', :' .. ar ded by .. ·· 'a Pawn-s-in this, case ,~L.J.~~~~~~~~J

WHITn .

: the KP ~:.:' .: .' . W' . -1 +,j:. if : '.

. ., .,,'. u i~,e '!"o move .

':2,.,' 'White':g I Q,x; BP is shown . Jb~ .. be 'an error by the 'continua. ". :'tion,··I.:·.; .: :.~·::·., , Q,XQ';''>2 Ktx Q;

: ... Q..~~:B:r ~ .... ~ .: \A"hi te is .' now sub- 1¢,ete.d 'to, a double attack: his . ~~Jg4~' is menaced, and · .' ,~ .' :Kt~B:7; . is' threatened. 'He must

. . thereforelose the e.x:thange'·~·· : . :

~ ~ J: . Q.·,X· B:P"?, is ,a~· ~rror . based

on a, kind, of optical . illusion . which is frequen t among ama. .. :···te·urs: .he ·for.got that -the dis'. appearance "of~:h,is Queen 'would make possible the forking move

. 'K B

~ • • '. r,: t-. . 74

o •••

. .

. . . . . .

BT',.A,~, ~_ ~~\.i."..I'IIr.,

..

- . ···:·0:

. BLACK

~

[ " ,I

:I' .'~' .i:

':'--"'.llo,.:'-;;'

4" Black's ~ ~ . QK:t-Q,2 is

'. t k it its th

a ,mIS a.' e, as,' 1,.· :perml.- .r '.e

reply B, :X, Pch. The fact that

& • .1.. ••• mack's. Queen was unprotected,

,:Wj.':"'~~.IJl--·1.1tmi: meant that the protection of his

: ,.~~.&. l! . i .. ,:6 i :KRP was illusor».

..... ' ....•• t'F'~ ..... ~: Bla.ck could -'have made' the

. .,' PI • orote ·t .. ·· . f hi KR:'P" t: ·1' .~' . f

'I~ •. · ... ".·.·.·,···.· .. ·.'" ·~.·'·"'·.·.·.·.'.:6.,." .• " .. :,t."··'-"~"·".·'" ..... : ., 'proec'.lon, 0_, .. s ' ,>-, ,100. ,pIt 00: ,

• ~ ~ 'by .. r inter,rup,.,ting.·.·'. th. '._,e."B ..•. ·l,~,s"ho,:.p.'s li.ne

I ..~ '.' "0 . . II of attack (. · · P-KKt3), or by

- ' ." ".,' .. ina fh Q (

', •.....•. , ......• ~ , .....•.. :;.:;',.,;_.: . ~':,,_ .. ;.,.~~,.~.~.F7>,~~····~:A,:,'.··.·.;,·,~, •. ··.· ~ .. " .. ~ '.... :~.',' '.,', '...' "'. .'

, .:' M _ ~oylng , . e :' ... ' ueen .away ... · '" ," .'.

tOft. HftB&:~:~ (.o~. U_K~)~rding the

IH""'" ., _.' .... -. ,~;;.~ .F'. E10'~ ~

,i:,"'-";d a: ,.. :~-:~ 8 It is always useful to. take a

I'., ... '1 ~ _. ':' .. ' .. , ..... ' 1 t 1- k t th· iti + d

--_ .. --- -- ; "as,QO,~," _e 'POS,LI0n In or er

WH~ ff

- . toO ward 0:,'." such insidious at-

Black. plays ~ '.+ . '. Q Kt-Q2 t k acks,

BLACK

••••

: ~ ;" ~

'.&~.&

.' - ••

- ~ ••... <:.

i~.~.

':' .ft •• ' •• ~.·m~

;; ft, D' it 8:11: •• :"":.11 ~::

.. ,.,~,.".,..... ,.w: ~,

.: m:: •........ '.. .... D' . ." 7-~.y..':;.--"". ~ •............ 'h" I

im .. · :- ;.~ ":., , ~"B

_: .0. ... ~ ",. . ... ,.. WIa: '

WlIlT.E

. .Black plays . .'1." Q- R,4Ch

'3. Black is 'threatened with .'

h . H'"

mate on t .. e move, • His 1 ••• ,

Q~'R4ch ,is not only irrelevant to the threat involve-d" it is an outright blunder. . For 'White answers the 'Que1en check with,

P 'K' ""11 .. h . ;,

2' , ~,',: t4, stiu tnreatemng .mate

and at the- same time attacking .

the Queen. .

'Beware of falling a 'victim to,

sue' .h i iou 'b. '. '··1::"! a··· suacks . .

.. .. ~~ . ~ ... ~~~~

B.LACK

:'pj,~]S,~El.,'LAl:fJ!.'O r rs. . PO.S,',' IT' , I' 0:' "'N'< S- " A" '~;rA', L' 'Y' \L":1?-D-':

.1;."': __ , '-'" __ , _, _ __ _ _ _ ...".. "" ,,' I _ _ , ,~'"'!i, ' .. IV,~ ,

..

V- AJ"h·::' 'nB·

S ~ '¥'" 1 te' s 2·.o-~ 4' IS a s trate-

gical mistake to- be.gin with, . In,

0- penings 'W' h te II"'e' your 0" '-"p'p'o -t.'~

, :'- , "'" .- '". __ I -O~':'. ,",~ l, ',~ "" "",' :;', ,,' 'D,ell.::, S

· :KP is at his K4-, your KB Js well P os ted, on QB'4", as it has. a ·-clear diagonal, Wh,e;n your opponent's

;:KP is at his ,Ka, however, the diagon ta I: is: ,s,o''-''m' ewhat bk ck ed

_ 111;;.4 , ,~ " _ ~_ ,,", 'I;"o'ifV.i,l" oc

an'd" th e chances ·t'h, ['a·:·'t·, your K';:"', B~:

" __ ,._, __ ,' -" i.. ,',._., ,_"'_. ""-':' I." ' ,,'-"-['-', ,", ". .:

'will . be; effective at 'QB4 are: '.: rather slim"

. Aside from: that, however,! '.'2 B----~4 ',i,s: a .serious ':'mistak~" as . ':,",

Black could, . d emon strate .: 'by' . il~~'iiil L-2m~~!:L.~~g::~:

r . . . .. ~

. T9'p' l:"y",'}"n-'Ig", '2:' .. 'p","'-Q:"K+4' followed .

- '\...- - ••. ,: .' ,:' ..• ,!!jI !F .j; ,_ .• 'l'! ..... I,·· .,!L.", I:'· . ,\:.T'. 1II,.:r,. -: •

P'Y:" · ', - P~~,5,;, trapping the hap.less Bishop .. , (,White had' to, . an-

'swer " ,:[ .' '. '!'.; P-QRa with, 2 ~,x,Bch~)

.. 6~ Black has a winning posi .. ,

.. ~ 'h" C id b'l B' ~ h

bon, ,'IS two rormiaaoie '" lSOpS,

assuring him the capture of the"

.. al Q" R- P B'" -, -, - ,-, h . -.

'," 'i .. ',' .. ' ,', " ' ," . --,,' ,

v~t,. ' " .. .' owever," e IS·

over-confident a-nd overlooks

· :'W~hite's:'"clever s: .:~Q,[,. w,hich

:.- h QRP' . '.

saves t, 'e ,: I' ' •

. . ·· .. ·'T· "h,; e '''~ght' 'w'- a'''y' :w'- '-':)s . lj'

-. : : ... ,. ,,- ,~:m,.. ,', ," .' .... . .- ~., ~ ~.~, '. ,;

1? 'K-:- :t7" I'. -This P relim ina ry m ,0,' re

,-'r.. .. 'I' '.' • 1"" < 1.' It ,_", -_, .' "v,

's,h"Q,f:s out. the possibility 'of Kt-

· B·3"~.· .' 'Black .e:an then play ,~ . ' ..

:~K.t6. and, gobble -tIP the QRP',~ -, Moral: 'Wilen yO'll, IU:UJC a won. game, alu)'ays- seek the surest way,., . It. is a' common psychological failing of inexperienced players,

· to plump for a J Iikely-looking move 'without 'too rigorous exam- . ination,

. 'Wa.rr,E

The play .w,3.S-, .,',

1 ~ " " ,P-QR.a

2' B--:B4, ,B-QBg

'1 '. .. '.

WHIT£; :B-',K,t!6: ~,-K,t5 ,B-X,B

. .

: ... :. ···~.8

:'. .

• I I" •

. . ' . . ... :. ·'W:~ITE

'.: .'

.:... 'D~. k ···1, ...

: :. ·.Dllac p.ays, .

. '. '.

. .

Kt~Q2" " " " .

.":,jI," "

. ,',

" ""

" "

MISCELLANEOUS· pOsITrONS AN'AL YSED . : '. . .89" ...

: ..

,. .

. ' .. '

. I:.'

" ":.=-

. . .

. .

go'

~ ," -:

..

. :...;

, '.

',:'

. (.'

. . .....

• I

. '. . . ...

, ..

. .' .......

. ,,.d.

9f

,I 1[' ~ Black's. ,f <I' '.' '. ) ,B~ 14 ? '?

should lose outright after ,3 B--Q5~h winning the Queen"

White~s reply to I . " <I ,,~, B~

:K.,4?'? was. 2 .'P:~K:Kt,3? l, allow-

.. "B"l k ith

lng, ::, act to escape Wl~":"I~ 2" '", ~ '" ,

BxBc.h; 2 ,Rx,B, Q-:BS" etc. Caution for Black: 'when you, make an intermediate moue such as I '.' " .. , 'B~ K4 ??' examine the position carifiilry' to' mike sure that '

- ',~ur (}pp Otle nt, instead if m~kitlg an

appropriat;e defo,nsil):e mote, can 110 t ~:,;;;o.".".~~:...;;;,;,;,;;;~=..;;;;~~;....,..,..o;;-Jj

in turn. 'resort to a. powerful inter- 'WHITE

, , d" ,t' , .' , , 'I :B~ack pl~ys,. . '. B,-K4

m-e ,:'~a, e 'move ~

B-, I k "0 ~R" 6 '?

, ,[:2" ,,': act ',S I .. " ~, ,.0-' ",' " .'

was a bad 'blunder, for instead of capturing the Bishop, at once, White should have ,i,nterpolated, :2 ,R-R8ch, forcing the King on ~o Ktg" making', the .Rook check

, .impcssible.' So we see thateven

: a'~ routine 'capture ought to be

studied with care.. ' , ,

, Secondly.. Wllite, obtained a lost ,game by' omitting this inter:polati.on,~' Black should have demonstrated this with the right check on move ,3: '.' · ~ 'Q~,B5Ch, (instead of ', ~ <I Q-,R8c.h?) and

Black 'wins !

Terrible carelessness by both pla I v e rs

... ~ .. :. -.·.·4

,BUCK

B!..ACK

WHITE,

, 'The play was~,

I ,. .. ~ , B---R6

'2 Px'B ',R-,Kt,scn

3 ,~,',-"B,',"l Q-'R8eh

4 ,K~,K'2 Qx 'Q

5 R-,R,8 mate

go

, ~

GHESS' FO'R .AM:.ATE,URS

.,

. B LA: GK, -

WHITE lVhite plays 'P-:K4

WHITE

. .

'B' llack plays R·~R.4i

I .1·:·: ... ."l.a.:: ..... ~ I.", ~

I,3~ White's ,P~:I<4.· is a. ~is~';: take, for. the protection of his. 'Q~ thereupon. becomes . 'ill~ory' •.

. Thus:' :r ;; ,~ ~ ,.B.xK:t; .2 B,XB,,~'"

K QP" I d Q" 'K", 'tJ ,0,'

,: t X" ':. anc 3 '. '.,. X .: 't.. is;

answered 'by .s· ~~' O'~ , B~R·'7~:~,~.:·

A frequently encountered trap

( c om -. 'p.a: re "Ii:.A71'· 'th,- ;, .-;o,'Vo:'I '01: p .. le " N:" 0", - 8'· .)'" ..

. ".' . 'IfY" ~1_' __ ._ '.' ,_ .... ,~

. " . . ...

. .

,I 4~ Another example. of illu-

sory protection. . Black pla ys I

~ ~ . , R~B4. (all too .obvious l) :

. but after the surprising 'reply 2' R~B7! 'he finds that .he must lose 'a 'Pawn . no· matter' how: he

plays l . .

'MT;':'CELl: .A :l\,.]!'''!'.!"O· 'U' '0 p' -osrr '1'0' ':'i.'IS ~'r

,~ .. c:':';"'~' " , ,.iL,..:.ri.,~ "!Ii .il!.1~.'~ , . ,~, . _'" ,:t:~'~ :Al}1'ALYSED

'1'5:',· A" '" curious posi tio '0' £01'"

;o·"q'e'··.r':~t'h·.e··'·--b·· ,o,a.,··'r··'~d·:v "p-'l'a,'~ , ~"T·:''-~h·,"e: - t'w' '·'.0

;ost r~'mark~ble fe,~tures '~re the

h . _. d '.. . ~ ti ., . f B~i k::'·

emmer -m pos,:r.' on 0:., '. rae '.' S

Q"B- " d' ch .. th . d .. _. "j- d'

.. ' ~,an ,',' ,e :ra~;~, __ er . 'l$()r,ga,n~ze "

state of his 'position in gener.at.

H"'·' lad ''[A:hit.o. given due th '0" usrht

, .' "'" " ., --, -- _.... .' ~,-'" " , . ',':, ,0

to these factors, he would have dem onst rated, that :r " " ~ , K ~ Q:r consti tuted illusory jJro,tecti.o,n

. 1(. 'in this case, to be sure, there

'. ,- " ,,' - " .. -.. .

'. 'was, n.o~):~. 'better l) 'by playing'.

. P 'K'" 6· 1 As 'hi' ~ h t

.,.. '2 .'.,-,",' n ~ ''-'.' tn s t ireai ens .8

:B-Q4 as well as 3 P x: QP,,:B:x :P'; 4 QR-Q,I winning a piece in,

..... 1l . . 'W''"h''.,r,.-· uld hav

eitner cas,e, ":' , " l.:..e. 'WOU,,' I" ave

. won the exchange 'by force.

White. was badly at fault here .... hi- P QB' ?·f iI b

-. l~n, .. ts 2 .. ~ ,,:4~,;} 1.' onlLy.ecause

,. positions with, strange quirks should stimulate a player's imag-

· .... .. ' all

matron l.n concocting an. ,equ a I'y

- .. '1"1" ,r. t tht ... - bl' .

"'1'" ' ..••... : I I," I. ..•. . '. '. '. ','I,' . I , .

nove, so utton 0 '. ·e pro ., ern.

... '16' Black's Q" TZB"'4 is

. <. '~, ,', ~ .:' ',!.:. :.~ ~ .. ~ .': ," .~ll."').. ".' " ' .

.. quite. sufficient . for ' winning purposes to be. sure; but there was a quicker v.,ay: ,30" 4 ~, ,

. It X Pch ! If then 3 I ,K X :R;, .

Q~K,ttc.h:;, ,3.2 K-R,:I' (if 3'2· :K-B3" Q~,Kt6ch;· ,33 'K~K4'" Q ..... K~6 mate or 3.2 K,~B:2, Q~

. Kt6c'h; 3.3 K,~K2, IQ-,K6ch; 34 K~QI, Q~Q7 mate), QRsch; 33, K-,K'i2, Q-Kt6c.h and mate next move", Always

. look for the shortest w'ay ~

93

WillE 'K-QI

:17 .. ' •. "

18 P-QB4

8':1" A. 'c'1Q" I ~ril .. ~

• •

m.· •• ·'·.··~· ~

"WiiITE

QKB'"

.. _"",' ,·",'4

RxQ-· ~K6Ch R:xR~ etc ..

go .. '.' ~

3,:1 QxQch

Q'2 P:..K:tA: ~ . . -- -'~

Sa. K,-Kt2

BLACK ..

...' ..

"I ..'. ~ !II

·2 ... Q.-Q2

. .. - ".-. . ..

, ..

95

. 19~. 'l'hat':r ,i ,~ ~ ,. Qx P"?'? is

a fatal. mistake ·can be demonstrated by the reply 2~ Kt~'R4 '!

winning the 'Qu,een I. If '2 .' • <I' ,

'Q":'" K' · .. "t·5·~" s' 'P. Q' ····n Q:~" R- 6-·" 4'

• - "" _ ~I •. un-r. .. ~ . ~ .

'. - - ,', - - .- . - .: ~ < - . . .,. -

Kt:-Kt5: .and the- . Queen has' no

escape; likewise after '~ '. . .. ,

. ·Q~~.6; 3. ,B~Bl, Q~Kt5"; ,4 B~Q'2j Q-R6; 5 I(.t~:Kt5~ . The trapping pro-cess is perhaps not an. .easy one; to see" 'but since the guiding principle is obvious

: (taPturi:~g the QKtP with the Que:en, . is likely to leadto difficuU:ies), White need trouble himself onlv with'

. . - ~ - - - ~ . ". -I - < .,

. the . tactical cal cula tions, .

, .'

'WH~:TE

Black plays, ~ .. 'Q.,x P 'and,

Wh"t'e-'~~~- ,-~""'" Q"-~'Q-Q

.. ..-;l .~~.i\;hI.we ... ~._.. _.;II' :. :

94

'-""B' . 'F-'-"'S':'· FO:· R··· A' ':'KK: A 'TE" u· ,'a::·: s

~ .. :~t.J! ... , ',,, "~1.¥~ ... '_ . '. ,', .

,"":BITE There followed-«

8. ~ ~ P:xP

:9 :Bx:P .,. Kt-K13

IO B-Q3 QKt:---Q,4

<l: I ,P~K4 ' K:t-K:~"

~'I'J -P- K'··-

-:!.,~ ,"-. !)

Comment ,0::0 Bla'ck~s: play,

BLAC,K

n.'/~

/~

I if! ' •• ill

'W:H.ITE P~KKt.3

2 Q.:., .. ,-,Q·.,·2

r. ' .•.

17", After giving' up the centre

.. ith '8-- p .. x" 'p' ·B··I"··· 'k: - .. , . .t

v\l'l, . " .. '. .. , " , .;,' .ac· ,mU8,

. k f his fai

think 0. sq:me way to, ge't ."'is ... ' air

share OJ the central <-one, aga-in, to

... id 4 t th ki d f d' b I' avoid JUS,', tr e xmo 0. . er ac ,e

which occurs in, the actual play, For this ]?urpo.se it "vas ~e;ces-

.:. 'r-y' to play '9'" 'B·" Q"3-' or

sa -' .' .,' ',' '.. '" .. 'j, ,. :"'~. ....', ' "

.. ". Q~K2)!' followed 'by .. . ,.+.

. .

P·· Kt}: .

:'- "

. ,". . .

. " Better than :r 0 ~ '. ', " QK t~ Q,4? would have' been 1: 0 • • .. , P-KRS., avoiding the immediate Ioss. of a Pawn, However, the damage has already 'been, done

with 9' .., Kt-Kt3:,?, so that

.' .1: ~ "'~.'. _ . ~. 4,;, ~ . " ' .

Black's game IS, destined to .re-

main. distinctly inferior, .

I 8~ . 4, • P~K:Kt3? is a seri-

ous blunder which loses. a, clear

. . .'

, piece- after the reply :2 ,KB X .. Kt,

fo:r exampler 2 ~ ~ .. , B xB'; . ' 3 P:x ,P" p' x:,P; 4 QX Qfollowed by 5 B xKt ; or 2 ...... , ,PxB;

3 P:x,P~ PX,P; 4 BxKt, QX:B,}.

.5 Q'x B,. Th~ faulty' character of . ~ '.., P-""'K'Kt3?' lies in its. '/.?oluntary intensification qj~ the :pifl: on. the ,KKt The result of this' intensification 'is . that the pre- , carious position of Black's pieces , makes material loss unavoidable,

. . .

MISCELLANEOUS]'. rosrrross' ANALYSE.D.

.: I

Th Q' 'P? ~ ..

. J -g~.. "> atr .. .~ . ;.. . 'eX . ~~: IS

a fatal mistake can be demon"strated-by the reply 2 K.t~R4.1··

~ ~ th Q' II I'f' I

. wmmng ·e· '.' 'ueen 1':';' '2' . .

. .. . ... '.' ... .. '.. .. ... '" .. ,

Q.-Kt5·-· ... 3" . B-IQ····· 2 O R6'~ 4·

... ,.. . . ". ,. ~. _., ..

:Kt:-Kt5·ail,d, the Queen has no

. l·k ~ af

.' .' :.' ....... . i": .'- . ~' ... '. . ... '.' ':'

·escape, .JL e)VISe ·.t;er·2 ~. ~ ~ .. ,

· Q,-.:..n·6,: '" . 3" 'B' ~·B-··r . Q'" ···:~K'· . ·tS· ... 4'

" .~, ,., .... , .' .. ': .... , '-,

B·~- ...;..Q.'" . 2·'·· Q·· .. ····~R··· ,6'.. 5'" K·:·: t-K . ·t'·· '. 'T:' ·h····· .

-: , .. ' .' " , "" 5~ . ':".e

trapping process is perhaps .not . . an .easy one to see, 'but since

· the, gui.ding .principle' is obvious

· (capturing the QKtP w,it:k the rQueen is likely W lead to difficulties), White need ·tr.ou'ble himself only with the tactical calculations, '.

95

,BL!\:CK:~

WHJU

Black plays , ~ ~ Q:x P and, W~ite answeX:S'Q~~

• .a " :;)

96':

..

C· IH· ,~,~11.1" 'po' n· .... ·,.," .Ii. ~·TJ' I'n.c'

..~..1"'~ I.' .... J.&, ,~IU..H.,,1. ~ .. :' ~

BLACK

Wlf[f.B

g·o K,,-:·R I' ,K, --',R ,I

3,1 P-Q~t4 Q-QS

..

I' ••• "

"'ATh' '.' ') . -K' -R" ?< •

,.204 ... ~"f.· ... .ite's ~30 _ ,~'. ·._ . .-,-'.···._1 ~_:' ~s

played to tmpm his Rook at .' 'Q4~ T,h.e· move is nevertheless a- bad mistake, for the pin can be eliminated in 'a much. more

. fi'"' .... b 'I,... -. j;-" -.-' '. - ... - p' Q ..... 'K' t r

" -ll:Vt)uru: . ,1£, m~ru:r ~ ,80", -, ,'". -:4 ~

'T' 'h - Black Oueen can n 0 lonzer

•• I •• ,~:.~,e ' :. ,", ::" . ' .. ' .. J '~ •• ,~ic.. ,'] .' -."':," ,i ,1.,:·.· .. : 4;:.":,. '6' _ d,

maintain the 'pin, thus allowing. the winning l~joilld,er Kt-B,6.ch',·,!

.However, after the faulty .30 :~,,-'R,I:? Black had an oppor ... tunity to decide the game in his

fa v·: ':0:' 'u'--"r,' W"-'·.'l~'~'h··' '3'·::'0- I . . ,. '. P x-··- 'Pi ~'II I£'

il~_ . - . . .. . . ,to· .' .. ~ 4' " _. , +.. __ JJ.

then 31 ReI) x P" R(r) x Kt . wlns; if 31 Kt-Bfch, K~B2:! wins, . . (In their calculations,

b th . '1: . to, 'h

; '-0" :',. '". ·'P=:· ~ -ay::· :e,,'rs· 'm~" 'I ,:~,' " ;.-a: I~V':: :e' o· ~.~.LPt:r;1iII!!I

, .' ,._.' "" ... _ ",_,ug" "_"" - ,.'!f~

. looked . that 'White's Queen. is

en. p"ii;se~). . '.

B-I' k~" ~ K"

I a'e.- ; ,'S mco rr.e- ct '3 ...... 0.:. - - -'-- .....

,---.---.- .. -,--,-,-.-,,~,--, ..... - .. :.,~. '"' -'

Rr ? 11.0W .made it .possible for, White to. begin the consolidation of his, position with S'l P~QKt4 . M'~anw'hii~-.both' 'pi~y:ers -h~~~

been se~io~sly-':' at fa'lIlt in,-~rr,o~,e"-,

. . ~ '.

ously evaluating the strength

f 'Alb ,,1 , ,. • Q' d-

o__~:ite:-s, position at ',,-5 . and

fBI ck.'~'- ~'.-.

o _~ __ a< s pl,D,.

.. , ..

• • I •• .'. ~ "", ',- •

MI8C~LLAN]!;O~ 'PosriION$:A~AL \r~b'·,:, ,." ", .. ~t :'

.. '. . ','

: . "

. ",: - . "I": '" '.

. . . .

.... .. EiAc~",:,· .. ' '. ".' .::.: . ..:: :, : .

. .'.

. , .

. ' ....

. .

.: .. " .2 I. .• , White's . ingenious COl)l-: !.

. bination could. "have been ruined :

. . . " ..

' .. by the he in teresting move . 2'· '9" . . .

'" ',,' ' .'. _~" . . ". . - [. 'I'

. ' .. Kt-Qfich l 'White has. nothing .' '. 'better 'than 3'-0' Q·'.·:'x:K,t; ··when·· ..

: ' . . . . . ' .' ".' ,.,....." - - ~ . " .' ,. , .

I .:

:~~~~.--~~ .. -=~~'

.WHITE " ..

'. 28 QR~·K:tl . ·Ktx:.B· , .29 ·RxP . 'ltK2'

30 (C-·R,7.~ and wins'

·g.'8.:

.:..: .. "1.: .

'CHESS "'OR' .A.MATEURS

-n···LA·. 0·· ....... ·

I -." -'.I'ii.

r~ •

I ~. =- __ . __ ~ .. _

... :

" ',:

".24·~ Theplayhere seems quite.' -simple and obvious, and yet the" '.

BLACK 'very .first move of the series is a

iii ,. 11.111 gross blunder! ·21 Kt-K4? ?

.'. . .:.~: . should be answered bY2I • ., .. ~.

o .&. ~ - ..&. . .&.' '. P~0.Kt~,· ... ·[ ~ and Wins .. ,. If. th hen

..• "'.',11" •. 2¥"Kt~.~tch. PXKt. wins .. :1 r :

•....... . 'M' . '~.:' :_ ... 1 :J:Heee; "If: ·22 Qx·:KtP'; Kt'X·:Kt .

YiI .•. ri, _.f< 'C~ •. ". ·-:11... ·wms.a piece, as Vvhite cannot .

:~:"~"" .. '." .. w;. '.: .. o.:R:6'·' .. ,.,.-,.: ,............... :: -~~ . retake because of the mating .

• ~. threat, T,h,e neatest line of all

:60.-0-il. ~t~~f~~3~i~:'i g~~~~ ..

. "'"',-''' -.~·.c· .. ·""O-·· .... _ .... ' .. , ... ' ... : and mat e":' n."'e··.x,··.t·, move. '. . .

W . .. .. " . " .... "... .

·· . .:,:.:.,EITE . . \. .

'. : The ex tremely ins tractive pos-

21. Kt~K4. Kt X Kt .. ibilit n' '. P" Q' K·····t4 I' t .

....... 'Q'VK' t 'R' . "Q,·K".·tD '$:1.: 'l~'jy :~I. ,,~ .. , :"';"', '~.'. ,_,i: ' .. :' ' .. ~

;..:;2, .. A,.' " X,," j[ .

'2·: 3'" R····~· ;, '1''-- 'R" X R' P, . ilhist r ares the :,: re ·.I.I."-,k·no, ·· .. wn .... .:..1, ... ' .....

. ,. , .. ~ .~'Ii,;..;i;) "...... W .. '" __ , . W, vveT

_~. '. :.. _. . ... .' • '. I. . I '.' . ,

burdening of ,pieces which ·have. more

defensioe tasks than they can ,Ptri:v,rm .

satisfactorily ~ . . . . . .

.-

C H·"· E-" S" S····

r .' I "

I. -,. .f '. '_' .•........•

B 0·:······ 0"-', 'K" "'s .:.1

I •.• •

. '

r '. ,," ~.

," .. : .. .. ::..c:. ! .'

you ,should read

~

TH', 'E-, W·'· '······0· ··.i'R· ·.LD'S·:··· ·C.···-HESS.·· CHAMP·IO··. :'N," S'" .:·HIP

~ ~ " ' ,. ,._' . [. . . .~'''' ~. ' .' _. . ~) _ _ .. • _ , ,t,

19'37

t. . :" [.1 :.' ~. ':'

'Offic..ial Account of the Games

By DR~ ,A~ ,A .. ALEKHINE~ . With annotat.ions by' the. Author and DR. :~t A.i E U\VE,~ Edi ted by H. G'OLO;t([BEK J Ii d'ii<»' 01 U 'The' ,B"itisn C.nqss

:'IIJt' . - -." . ":!i ·W·:·'···"jj.'b . 'F' ' .. -.C' ·oo·"·J;... 'S" G' .......,., ','.' '. A' ..... 1 t',

It:la,gaz:tne~' . h. .' a, . -orewo,I', .ll"J!y <,IR . .' ,E,ORGR ~ HOM,~S.. :. c,omp. e e

record i,;;; given of each. of the twenty-fsve games, together with annotations contr Ibuted by the con res rants, both. oj' whom possess, enviable reputations for depthand readability of tbeir notes. '

Crown 8vo, cloth." tllustrated, 58. net.

'~I:m,pt.)Ssible to produce a more au thort tatfve, Instrueti ve and in tel"esting work on, one 0 f t be: fmest matches ever played for the world championship .. ~ ',-= Evt.Ps;i"ig N t;n;S ~

CH,ES,SMASTERY B,y Question and. Answer By FR,ED REI:NiPE:LI.h

Here's a. new and interesting ~vay of improving yO'UI' chess, and a, very' sound w'<ty too-the question and answer method, In this book 'M"'r' Reinfeld p' 'r' ese n 4- .... 'a' c.c.'ric,u~; of exemp ~"!I.T"y games by lea d ina" ID"3Ic·te-

,. _':' [III -.:·".I....LJ.,,;1 r .. "'. ~.~ __ .! ~ :', ~IaJA'~-Q' V_' t •• (l1"l:~~ "JIl,lalllll<" 1_",'. ~. :-,' _ .• ~ • __ .~ '. :'&.'~

and, instead, of giving ready-made anaotations in the orthodox manner t the reader is asked n umerous questions. This exercise gives a definite mental stiznulus, and a means of mastering chess st:rategy and tactics in, a pleasant and sa. tisfactery manner.

CrownBvo, cloth, :176 pp.. 5:s,~ net.

~~'[Cannot fa.i~, to improve the standard of play of. almost any reader .. '~

.......,.E'v,enm,g N',tws,. .

MEET T.HE· M'AST,ERS

By DR. ~IAx Iluw.E. Translated by L,. :FJ{lNS and B, H. Wo.OD.

Dr .. Euwe reveals the men behind the moves in biographical sketches and illustrative games, w·itb. notes from an, entirely new angle He surveys the outstanding points 0,1 :style w hleb e'igh:t ,of the grea t players of to-day have in common, focussing on the most noteworthy characteristics .of each player individ ually ~ and showing, at t he same time, how' divergen dy they work to attain their object. These analyses are iQ! absorbing Interest and value to, the: chess. player who seeks to Improve h'lS game.

-'Crown Bvo, cloth, 288 PP4 lOS. net,

PRACTICAL E,ND-'GAME PLAY

By 'PRED REINFELD.

.. H R,einfeld."'s lucidi ty and power of sustaining In terest are such that. this is one of the rare chess 'books we would have wished longer ..A, book of the 'U tmost value to the. player who wishes to Improve at the game.' ~~ B~,.itisA Chess M.aga%i'n~; -e

~! The book is, one that 'we can verv heartily recommend, !P ~'- The ,F ield .. ;; ", '. .. delightful and instructive style .. !.t·~Shel}idd T el~grapJi.~

Ct'OWD, 8vo~, cloth, ,'1..77 pp,., :n1.ustrab~d~ 55. net. .

P ,I:.: T·· M:": A···.·· N,,·:'

_ _ .. . [ ',' ,

P - TM-

I· .. ii AN

C· H' -," E-- S.·····,-, S"-

o • r . • • . •

1 • '. _. _ .'

C' 'H'·' E)'S··:,S-'···"

, ':''':'', -' -'

By CoO H .. O':D" AL~XA:NDER~

Gives, ex,pUc,i.t Instructioas on. ,open:i.ngs, the middle game, end-game,

.~. A . f 1--1' " ,;I., .. ,. ," 't"b. .... · to ,it - ' .... ' . 1 ... - t t"L, ,~~, 'it f't"hl'

el~,c.,' usenu rea ture isme Sf 1J:..s. or examples a ' rne enos 0:1 some 0: " > e

chapters which include, a larze n um ber of' recen t master ,§Tames '

- ,- " .. ,., ,-~."- .. "- "-" -, --, Q'" ., . .,. "","' ~, ,.

Crown avo:, cloth, Illustrated. 41. net ...

~ j I t is a. pleasure to find an expert pla:ye:r. who can expound th.e essentials of the game as clearly wi tb. his pen as with hi> pieces, ,,; ..........

Bmklt Ches» ;Vl'aoa:l,~,~g~ ~

_ ," _ • __ •• ~l .~," __ ._

GE'::-,·1\~"'S'··,· 0'.': 'F"',,· 'T;'H"E', C'",H,' , "E,~,S'···',···,S·'··'·· 'BOA' 'R' 'D'

, J.l'.J.I._,' ,I,. . . , .,,", '. '.' • ...•.•. ~_,,:I ,:

.~?'''tj'' p .. ~ "tl ~"iI'.;""'If'~~ , N,

,D J. 'fJ ,.II..p,~,'!tl , •. ~ A ... _ I!

.'.' Another selection of distinguished games. The majority o:f them are lit tle known, t bough S0111e· were to urn amen t games, and many were produced bv :En;O'-] ish. play. 'eI'S. The games ar ~ ade til uatelv ar I - , 'tatoo bv

~ .... ~. . J' 1:;:0,'--, ,- "," . . . .....• , .,' e.e,,::! (' ,-.;;;, 'J 3[]]llO ",' ,,;

'the ,3 uthor ~

Crown :O'!i!.,~ ·8"6" 'po ','," 3 -: I~J.I .','~ '-''''.'U' . .:1.1.. 0 ........ , ". p.., J!i-~ ~ .. ,.De !!;,,~

- , , L •

F"'IFC"T"'-Y'; ,'T""'W' ''-'0'' M'O"V'E' P' "R""'O""BI' 'L' EMS"

_ ,~.~ .;:' ".", _:, ".~ ' l!l!l!ll! : :.: ,:.' _.:' .I-;~' .. '-, ,", :.'.: .. :, ':' .. _~' ;.~< .. :.: ".:..

By P .. ,\VENMA.,N., ~

l"'b'~:,;;" book .r.n.·n' rt '''''~n'~ 'ifib.i!ll- author's preble 'i'fr"I ..... Am .. eositions '1'YII'-'!i'RV ...... t;'

. J[ . .:II "'l.J!'1LI! ," [~'IV" .:Gl..a..l:.I.~ ~~-JII;? - ._',~U",,~ '-v. I, eu~ \.r'V". Ilt;"'~I~\ .. 0 "J , .. ua~_i&;- v~

which have appeared .in var ieus papers over' O}, number' 9£ ')~aIS. A, 'fair

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