1. What SAS st at ement s woul d you code t o r ead an ext er nal r aw
dat a f i l e t o a DATA st ep?
Ans: I nf i l e and I nput st at ement s ar e used t o r ead ext er nal r aw dat a f i l e t o a Dat a St ep.
2. How do you r ead i n t he var i abl e t hat you need?
Ans: I f we want t o r ead a par t i cul ar var i abl e i n a set of SAS dat a set , we can ment i on t he var i abl e we want i n t he I NPUT st at ement .
3. Ar e you f ami l i ar wi t h speci al i nput del i mi t er s? How ar e t hey used?
Ans: Yes, we have speci al del i mi t er s l i ke DLM and DSD i n SAS. Bot h t hese del i mi t er s can be used i n t he i nf i l e st at ement The DLM can r ead t he commas and spaces as dat a del i mi t er s. You may choose any del i mi t er s you wi sh wi t h t hi s opt i on. You can choose mul t i pl e char act er such as DLM=XX f or your del i mi t er . The DSD opt i on al l ows you t o t r eat t wo consecut i ve del i mi t er s as cont ai ni ng a mi ssi ng val ue.
4. I f r eadi ng a var i abl e l engt h f i l e wi t h f i xed i nput , how woul d you pr event SAS f r omr eadi ng t he next r ecor d i f t he l ast var i abl e di dn t have a val ue?
Ans: We can use MI SS OVER opt i on i n t he I NFI LE st at ement
5. What i s t he di f f er ence bet ween an i nf or mat and a f or mat ? Name t hr ee i nf or mat or f or mat ?
Ans: An informat i s an i nst r uct i on t hat SAS uses t o r ead dat a val ues i nt o a var i abl e A format i s an i nst r uct i on t hat SAS uses t o wr i t e dat a val ues
The t hr ee i nf or mat ar e: - A) Dat e i nf or mat B) Char act er i nf or mat c) Numer i c i nf or mat
The t hr ee For mat s ar e: - A) Dat e f or mat B) Char act er For mat C) Numer i c For mat
6. Name and descr i be t hr ee SAS f unct i on t hat u have used, i f any? Ans: A) SUM Function: I t adds t he var i abl e t oget her by i gnor i ng t he mi ssi ng val ues i f any E. G: Var =SUM ( var 1, var 2var n) ; Var 1= SUM ( 1, . , 3) = 4
B) Mean Function: Thi s f unct i on r et ur ns t he ar i t hmet i c mean ( aver age) and i gnor es t he mi ssi ng val ue. E. G: Var =MEAN ( var 1, var 2, var 3var n) ;
C) SUBSTR Function: The SUBSTR f unct i on ext r act s a por t i on of t he char act er dat a val ues based on how many char act er s ar e desi gnat ed f or r et r i eval . E. G: Var =SUBSTR ( var , st ar t <, number of char act er s) ; Var 1=SUBSTR ( ASHOK, 1, 3) I n t he above exampl e t he SUBSTR f unct i on t akes St r i ng ASHOK cut s f r omst ar t - poi nt ( 1) t i l l number of Char act er s ( 3) and st or es ASH i n Var 1
7. How woul d you code t he cr i t er i a t o r est r i ct t he out put t o be pr oduced?
Ans: ods out put cl ose;
8. What i s t he pur pose of t r ai l i ng@? The @@? How woul d you use t hem? Ans: The t r ai l i ng @i s al so known as col umn poi nt er By usi ng t he t r ai l i ng@, i n t he I NPUT st at ement gi ves you abi l i t y t o r ead a par t of your r aw dat a l i ne, t est i t , and t hen deci de how t o r ead addi t i onal dat a f r omt he same r ecor d.
The si ngl e t r ai l i ng @t el l s t he SAS syst emt o hol d t he l i ne.
The doubl e Tr ai l i ng @@t el l s t he SAS syst emt o Hol d t he l i ne mor e st r ongl y.
NOTE : An I NPUT st at ement endi ng wi t h @@i nst r uct s t he pr ogr am t o r el ease t he cur r ent r aw dat a l i ne onl y when t her e ar e no dat a val ues l ef t t o be r ead f r omt hat l i ne. The @@, t her ef or e, hol d t he i nput r ecor d even acr oss mul t i pl e i t er at i on of t he dat a st ep.
9. Under what ci r cumst ances woul d you code a SELECT const r uct i nst ead of I F st at ement ?
Ans: Especi al l y i f you ar e r ecodi ng a var i abl e i nt o a l ar ge number of cat egor i es.
10. What st at ement do you code t o t el l SAS t hat i t i s t o wr i t e t o an ext er nal f i l e?
Ans: Fi l ename f i l er ef pat h ; Fi l e f i l er ef ; Put _al l _ / * wi l l wr i t e al l t he var i abl es. */ Or put t he var i abl es whi ch you r equi r e.
11. I f r eadi ng an ext er nal f i l e t o pr oduce an ext er nal f i l e, what shor t cut t o wr i t e r ecor d wi t hout codi ng ever y si ngl e var i abl e on t he r ecor d?
Ans: Put _al l _
12. I f you do not want any SAS out put f r oma dat a st ep, how woul d you code t he dat a st at ement t o pr event SAS f r om pr oduci ng a set ?
Ans: By usi ng DATA _NULL_ t he desi r ed out put i s a f i l e and not a SAS dat aset .
13. What i s t he one st at ement t o set t he cr i t er i a of a dat a t hat can be coded i n any st ep?
Ans: Opt i ons st at ement
14. Have you ever - l i nked SAS code? I f so, descr i be t he l i ke and any r equi r ed st at ement used t o ei t her pr ocess t he code or t he st ep i t sel f .
Ans : The l i nk st at ement t el l s SAS t o j ump i mmedi at el y To t he st at ement l abel t hat i s i ndi cat ed i n t he Label st at ement and t o cont i nue execut i ng st at ement s f r omt hat poi nt unt i l a RETURN st at ement i s execut ed. The RETURN st at ement ends pr ogr amcont r ol t o t he st at ement i mmedi at el y f ol l owi ng t he LI NK st at ement .
Not e: The LI NK st at ement and t he dest i nat i on must be i n t he same DATA st ep. The dest i nat i on i s i dent i f i ed by a st at ement l abel i n t he LI NK st at ement .
15. How woul d you i ncl ude common or r euse code t o be Pr ocessed al ong wi t h your st at ement ?
Ans: By usi ng %I ncl ude
16. When l ooki ng f or t he dat a cont ai ned i n a char act er st r i ng of 150 byt es, whi ch f unct i on i s t he best t o l ocat e t hat dat a: scan, i ndex or i ndexc?
Ans: Scan
17. I f you have a dat a set t hat cont ai ns 100 var i abl es, but you need onl y f i ve of t hose, what i s t he code t o f or ce SAS t o use onl y t hose var i abl es?
Ans: Use keep = opt i on;
18. Code a PROC SORT on a dat a set cont ai ni ng st at e, di st r i ct and count r y as t he pr i mar y var i abl e, al ong wi t h sever al numer i c var i abl es.
Ans: PROC SORT dat a- set - name; BY st at e di st r i ct count r y; Run;
19. How woul d you del et e dupl i cat e obser vat i on?
Ans: Ther e ar e t hr ee ways t o del et e dupl i cat e obser vat i ons i n a dat aset
1) Pr oc sor t dat a=SAS- dat a- set nodups; by var ; r un;
2) Pr oc sql ; Cr eat e sas- dat a- set as sel ect * f r om ol d_sas_dat a_set wher e var =distinct( var ) ; quit; 3)Data clean; Set temp; By group; If first.group and last.group then Run;
20. How woul d you code a mer ge t hat wi l l keep onl y t he obser vat i on t hat have mat ches f or mbot h set s?
Ans: By usi ng t he I N i nt er nal var i abl e i n t he mer ge st at ement .
DATA NEW; MERGE ONE_TEMP ( I N=ONE) TWO_TEMP ( I N=TWO) ; BY NAME; I F ONE=1 AND TWO=1; RUN;
21. What i s t he Pr ogr amDat a Vect or ( PDV) ? What ar e t hei r f unct i ons?
Ans: Pr ogr amDat a Vect or i s t he t empor ar y hol di ng ar ea. For exampl e The WHERE st at ement i s may be mor e ef f i ci ent t hen t he sub set t i ng I f ( especi al l y i f you ar e t aki ng a ver y smal l sunset f r oma l ar ge f i l e) because i t checks on t he val i di t y of t he condi t i on t o see i f t he obser vat i on i s t o be kept or not . Thi s t empor ar y hol di ng ar ea i s cal l ed t he pr ogr amdat a vect or ( PDV) .
22. Does SAS Tr ansl at e ( compi l e) or does i t I nt er pr et ? Expl ai n.
Ans: When you submi t a DATA st ep f or execut i on, SAS checks t he synt ax of t he SAS st at ement s and compi l es t hem, t hat i s, aut omat i cal l y t r ansl at es t he st at ement s i nt o machi ne code. I n t hi s phase, SAS i dent i f i es t he t ype and l engt h of each new var i abl e, and det er mi nes whet her a t ype conver si on i s necessar y f or each subsequent r ef er ence t o a var i abl e.
23. At compi l e t i me when a SAS dat a set i s r ead, what i t ems ar e cr eat ed?
Ans: At compi l e t i me SAS cr eat es t he f ol l owi ng
A) I nput Buf f er B) Pr ogr amDat a Vect or ( pdv) C) Descr i pt or i nf or mat i on
24. Name st at ement s t hat ar e r ecogni zed at compi l e t i me Onl y?
Ans: Dr op Keep e. t . c
25. I dent i f y st at ement whose pl acement i n t he DATA st ep i s cr i t i cal
Ans: I nput St at ement .
26. Name st at ement s t hat f unct i on at bot h compi l e and execut i on t i me.
27. Name st at ement s t hat ar e execut i on onl y.
28. I n t he f l ow of t he DATA st ep pr ocessi ng, what i s t he f i r st act i on i n a t ypi cal DATA st ep?
Ans: SAS f i r st per f or ms Synt ax check.
29. What i s _n_?
Ans: Thi s i s not hi ng but a i mpl i ci t var i abl e cr eat ed by SAS dur i ng dat a pr ocessi ng. I t gi ves t he t ot al number Of r ecor ds SAS has i t er at ed i n a dat aset . I t i s Avai l abl e onl y f or dat a st ep and not f or pr ocs.
E. G: I f we want t o f i nd ever y t hi r d r ecor d i n a Dat aset t hen we can use t he _n_ as f ol l ows Dat a new- sas- dat a- set ; Set ol d; I f mod ( _n_, 3) =1 t hen; Run;
Not e: I f we use a wher e cl ause t o subset t he _n_ Wi l l not yi el d t he r equi r ed r esul t .
BASE SAS:
30. What i s t he ef f ect of t he OPTI ON st at ement ERROR=1?
Ans: I f t he par t i cul ar dat a st ep has one or mor e er r or s t hen end t he pr ocessi ng
31. What s t he di f f er ence bet ween VAR A1 A4 and VAR A1- - A4?
32. What do t he SAS l og messages numer i c val ues have been conver t ed t o char act er mean?
Ans: I f we t r y some char act er f unct i on on t he numer i c val ues t he SAS wi l l aut omat i cal l y conver t t he numer i c var i abl e i nt o char act er var i abl e.
33. Why i s a STOP st at ement needed f or a POI NT=opt i on on a SET st at ement ?
Ans: Because POI NT= r eads onl y t he speci f i ed obser vat i ons, SAS cannot det ect an end- of - f i l e condi t i on as i t woul d i f t he f i l e wer e bei ng r ead sequent i al l y. Because det ect i ng an end- of - f i l e condi t i on t er mi nat es a DATA st ep aut omat i cal l y, f ai l ur e t o subst i t ut e anot her means of t er mi nat i ng t he DATA st ep when you use POI NT= can cause t he DATA st ep t o go i nt o a cont i nuous l oop.
NOTE: You cannot use t he POI NT= opt i on wi t h any of t he f ol l owi ng: BY st at ement WHERE st at ement WHERE= dat a set opt i on t r anspor t f or mat dat a set s sequent i al dat a set s ( on t ape or di sk) a t abl e f r omanot her vendor ' s r el at i onal dat abase management syst em. 34. How do you cont r ol t he number of obser vat i on and / or var i abl e r ead or wr i t e?
Ans: By speci f yi ng obs opt i on
35. Appr oxi mat el y what dat e i s r epr esent ed by t he SAS dat e val ue of 730?
Ans: 1 J anuar y 1962.
36. How woul d r emove a f or mat t hat has been per manent l y associ at ed wi t h a var i abl e.
Ans: By Usi ng pr oc dat aset s l i br ar y= somel i br ar y; Modi f y sasdat aset ; Run;
37. What does t he RUN st at ement do?
Ans: The r un st at ement execut es t he st at ement .
38. Why SAS consi der ed sel f - document i ng?
Ans: when a sas- dat a- set i s cr eat ed SAS cr eat es t he Descr i pt or por t i on and t he dat a por t i on of t he Dat a set . The descr i pt or por t i on cont ai ns t he Det ai l s l i ke when t he dat aset was cr eat ed, no. of Obser vat i ons, no. of var i abl es e. t . c. Hence SAS i s Consi der ed sel f document i ng.
39. Br i ef l y descr i be 5 ways t o do a t abl e l ookup i n SAS.
Ans:
1) Si mpl e t abl e l ookup ( mer gi ng ( mer ge ( i ncl udi ng I N=OPTI ON) and sub set t i ng I F st at ement )
2) Si mpl e t abl e l ookup ( f or mat s ( PROC FORMAT AND PUT f unct i on) .
3) Looki ng up wi t h t wo var i abl e ( mer gi ng ( mer ge ( i ncl udi ng I N=OPTI ON) and sub set t i ng I F st at ement )
4) Looki ng up wi t h t wo var i abl e ( ( f or mat s ( PROC FORMAT, PUT AND I NPUT Funct i on)
5) A t wo- way Looki ng t abl e ( mer ge st at ement usi ng t wo var i abl es) .
40. What ar e some good SAS pr ogr ammi ng pr act i ces f or pr ocessi ng var y l ar ge dat a set ?
Ans: For var y l ar ge dat a set wi t h many var i abl es we can make use of ar r ays i n t he SAS syst er m.
41. How woul d you cr eat e a dat a set wi t h 1 obser vat i on and 30 var i abl es f r oma dat a set wi t h 30 obser vat i ons and 1 Var i abl e?
Ans: Usi ng Pr oc Tr anspose and al so do wi t h t he sas ar r ays.
44. What ar e _numer i c_ and _char act er _ and what do t hey do?
Ans: I f we want t o do a par t i cul ar t ask f or al l t he numer i c var i abl e we can use t he _numer i c_ and same as i f we want t o do a par t i cul ar t ask f or al l t he char act er var i abl e we can use t he _char act er _
46. What i s t he or der of appl i cat i on f or out put dat a set opt i on, i nput dat a set opt i on and SAS st at ement ?
Ans: I NPUT dat a set opt i on, SAS st at ement opt i on and t hen OUTPUT opt i on.
47. What i s t he or der of eval uat i on of t he compar i son oper at or s: + - * / ** ( ) ?
Missing Value:
56. How many mi ssi ng val ues ar e avai l abl e? When mi ght you use t hem?
Ans: Two mi ssi ng val ues ar e avai l abl e i n SAS, t hey ar e numer i c and char act er .
57. How do you t est f or mi ssi ng val ues?
Ans: We can t est t he mi ssi ng val ues by usi ng NMI SS opt i on i n t he i nput st at ement
58. How ar e numer i c and char act er mi ssi ng val ues r epr esent ed i nt er nal l y?
Ans: The numer i c mi ssi ng val ues r epr esent ed as dot s( . ) and t he char act er mi ssi ng val ues r epr esent ed as bl ank
FUNCTIONS:
59. What i s t he si gni f i cance of t he OF i n X=SUM ( OF a1- a4, a6, a9) ; ?
60. What do t he PUT and I NPUT f unct i on do?
Ans: The PUT f unct i on i s used t o i dent i f y t he l ogi c Pr obl emWhi ch pi ece of code i s execut ed and not execut ed what t he cur r ent val ue of t he par t i cul ar var i abl e and what t he cur r ent val ue of t he al l var i abl e.
I NPUT f unct i on:
The t r adi t i onal use i s t he r er ead a char act er var i abl e wi t h a numer i c f or mat , execut e a char act er - t o- numer i c conver si on.
The character to numeric conversion function;
I NPUT ( var i abl e, i nf or mat - name)
The I NPUT f unct i on conver t s t he char act er var i abl e t o numer i c
Sal ar y=i nput ( EMP_SALARY, dol l ar 7. ) ;
Char act er val ue Numer i c val ue EMP_SALARY SALARY $85, 000 85000
Rename t he assi gni ng variable we cannot have t he same name.
Li ke: EMP_SALARY=i nput ( EMP_SALARY, dol l ar 7. ) ;
The numeric to character conversion function
PUT ( var i abl e, i nf or mat - name) ;
newphone=put ( phone, 7) ;
numer i c val ue char act er val ue PHONE PHONE 6778000 6778000
61. Whi ch dat e advances a dat e, t i me or dat e/ t i me val ue by a gi ven i nt er val ?
62. What do t he MOD and I NT f unct i on do?
Ans: MOD f unct i on i s ver y usef ul i f suppose you want t o sel ect ever y t hi r d obser vat i on f r omSAS dat a set . Exampl e= dat a t hi r d; Set ol d; I f mod( _N_, 3) =1; Run;
The I NT f unct i on r et unes t he i nt eger por t i on of an ar gument . To t r uncat e a number ( dr op of f t he f r act i onal par t ) , you use t he I NT f unct i on.
63. I n ARRAY pr ocessi ng, what does t he DI M f unct i on do?
Ans: DI M i s t he di mensi on f unct i on. Thi s r et ur ns t he l engt h of t he ar r ay ( i . e. t he number of var i abl e i n t he l i st ) .
64. How woul d you det er mi ne t he number of mi ssi ng or non- mi ssi ng val ue i n comput at i on?
Ans: We can use t he N opt i on f or t he number of NON- MI SSI NG val ues and NMI SS opt i on f or t he number of MI SSI NG val ues.
65. What i s t he di f f er ence bet ween: X=a+b+c+d; and X=SUM ( a, b, c, d) ; ?
Ans: I f we use SUM ( a, b, c, d) i t wi l l i gnor e t he mi ssi ng Val ues i f any and comput e t he sum.
For E. G SUM( 1, . , 2, 3) =6 X=1+. +2+3 = MI SSI NG.
66. Ther e i s a f i el d cont ai ni ng a dat e. I t needs t o be di spl ayed i n t he f or mat ddmonyy i f i t s bef or e 1975, dd mon ccyy i f i t s af t er 1985, and as di sco year s i f i t s bet ween 1975 and 1985. How woul d you accompl i sh t hi s i n dat a st ep code? Usi ng onl y PROC FORMAT.
67. I n t he f ol l owi ng DATA st ep, what i s needed f or f r act i on t o pr i nt t o t he l og
Ans: dat a _nul l _; X=1/ 3; i f X=. 333 t hen ; put f r act i on ; r un;
68. What i s t he di f f er ence bet ween cal cul at i ng t he mean usi ng t he mean f unct i on and PROC MEANS?
Ans: The mean f unct i on r et ur ns t he mean of t he non- mi ssi ng val ues i n t he var i abl e l i st . Act ual l y, you may not have f i gur ed out t he i mpor t ance of t he way t he MEAN f unct i on deal s wi t h t he mi ssi ng val ues, and t hi s i s qui t i mpor t ant . i f you cal cul at e SCORE by si mpl y addi ng up al l t he i t emand di vi di ng by 50 as f ol l ows
SCORE=( i t em1 +i t em2+i t em3+. . +i t em50) / 50; You woul d be i n bi g t r oubl e i f any of t he i t ems had mi ssi ng val ues. When SAS st at ement t r i es t o do ar i t hmet i c oper at i on on mi ssi ng val ues, t he r esul t i s al ways mi ssi ng.
PROCs:
69. I f you wer e gi ven sever al SAS dat a set s you wer e unf ami l i ar wi t h, how woul d you f i nd out t he var i abl e names and f or mat s of each dat aset ?
Ans: I can use t he cont ent s Pr ocedur e of al l i n t he l i bname and see al l t he var i abl e name and f or mat s of each dat a set EG: PROC CONTENTS DATA=LI BREF. _ALL_; RUN;
70. How woul d you keep SAS f r omover l ayi ng t he SAS set wi t h i t s sor t ed ver si on?
Ans: By cr eat i ng a new dat aset af t er sor t i ng by speci f yi ng Out = new sas dat aset
71. I n PROC PRI NT, can you pr i nt onl y var i abl e t hat begi n wi t h t he l et t er A
Ans: Yes we can pr i nt var i abl e whi ch begi n wi t h t he l et t er A by usi ng t he WHERE st at ement i n t he PROC PRI NT st at ement
WHERE ( VARI ABLE NAME) LI KE A% ; Or WHERE ( VARI ABLE NAME =: A ;
72. What ar e some di f f er ences bet ween PROC SUMMARY and PROC MEANS?
Ans: 1) PROC MEANS pr oduces subgr oup st at i st i cs onl y when a BY st at ement i s used and t he i nput dat a has been pr evi ousl y sor t ed ( use PROC SORT) by t he BY var i abl es. PROC SUMMARY aut omat i cal l y pr oduces st at i st i cs f or al l subgr oups, gi vi ng you al l t he i nf or mat i on i n one r un t hat you woul d get by r epeat edl y sor t i ng a dat a set by t he var i abl es t hat def i ne each subgr oup and r unni ng PROC MEANS/ .
2) PROC SUMMARY does not pr oduce any i nf or mat i on i n your out put so you wi l l al ways need t o use t he OUTPUT st at ement t o cr eat e a new dat a set and use PROC PRI NT t o see t he comput ed st at i st i cs.
PROC FREQ:
73. Code t he t abl e st at ement f or a si ngl e- l evel ( most common) f r equency.
Ans The st at ement f or si ngl e- l evel .
DATA MAR. FREQTEST; SET BAS. AMPERS; PROC FREQ DATA =MAR. FREQTEST; TABLE AGE; RUN;
74. Code t he t abl e st at ement t o pr oduce a mul t i - l evel f r equency.
Ans: The st at ement f or mul t i l evel .
DATA MAR. FREQTEST; SET BAS. AMPERS; PROC FREQ DATA =MAR. FREQTEST; TABLE AGE * gender ; RUN;
75. Name t he opt i on t o pr oduce a f r equency l i ne i t ems r at her t hat a t abl e.
76. Pr oduce out put f r oma f r equency. Rest r i ct t he pr i nt i ng of t he t abl e.
PROC MEANS:
77. Code a PROC MEANS t hat shows bot h summed and aver aged out put of t he dat a.
78. Code t he opt i on t hat wi l l al l ow MEANS t o i ncl ude mi ssi ng numer i c dat a t o be i ncl uded i n t he r epor t .
79. Code t he MEANS t o pr oduce out put t o be used l at er .
80. Do you use PROC REPORT or PROC TABULATE? Whi ch do you pr ef er ? Expl ai n.
MERGING/UPDATING :
81. What happens i n a one- on- one mer ge? When woul d you use one?
Ans: I f you want t o mer ge t wo dat a set t hat have di f f er ent var i abl e and onl y one var i abl e as a common var i abl e wi t h t hat uni que var i abl e we can mer ge t he dat a set wi t h one- on- one mer ge.
82. How woul d you combi ne 3 or mor e t abl es wi t h di f f er ent st r uct ur es?
83. What i s t he pr obl emwi t h mer gi ng t wo dat a set t hat have var i abl e wi t h t he same name but di f f er ent dat a?
Ans: The second dat a set val ue wi l l over wr i t e t he val ue of t he f i r st dat a set .
84. When woul d you choose t o MERGE t wo dat a set s t oget her and when woul d you SET t wo dat a set s?
Ans: I f we want t o cr eat e a dat aset as an exact copy of The ol d dat aset wi t hout any bot her i ng about whi ch Dat aset i s goi ng t o cont r i but e t o t he new dat aset Then we wi l l use set st at ement . I f we want t o cont r ol t he cont r i but i on of t he ol d Dat aset s t o t he new dat aset t hen we wi l l use t he Mer ge st at ement
85. Whi ch dat a set i s t he cont r ol l i ng dat a set i n t he MERGE st at ement ?
Ans: The second f i nal dat aset af t er t he mer ge st at ement .
86. How do t he I N= var i abl e i mpr ove t he capabi l i t y of a MERGE?
Ans: I N i s a i mpl i ci t var i abl e i n SAS whi ch hel ps i n cont r ol l i ng whi ch dat aset needs t o cont r i but e t o t he new dat aset
87. Expl ai n t he message MERGE HAS ONE OR MORE DATASETS WI TH REPEATS OF BY VARI ABLE .
COSTOMIZED REPORT WRITING:
88. What i s t he pur pose of t he st at ement DATA_NULL_?
Ans: Use t he keywor d _NULL_, whi ch al l ows t he power of t he DATA st ep wi t hout cr eat i ng a dat a set .
89. What i s t he pound si gn used f or t he DATA _NULL_?
90. What i s t he pur pose of usi ng t he N=PS opt i on?
Ans: Speci f yi ng N=PS i n t he FI LE st at ement al l ows t he out put poi nt er t o wr i t e on any l i ne of t he cur r ent out put
MACRO:
91. What syst emopt i on woul d you use t o hel p debug a macr o?
Ans: Symbol gen Ml ogi c Mpr i nt
92. Descr i be how you woul d cr eat e a macr o var i abl e?
Ans: %l et var =val ue;
93. How do you i dent i f y a macr o var i abl e?
94. How do you def i ne t he end of a macr o?
Ans: %mend
95. How do you assi gn a macr o var i abl e t o a SAS var i abl e?
Ans: Usi ng Cal l Symput
96. what i s t he di f f er ence bet ween %LOCAL and %GLOBAL?
Ans: The %LOCAL t hat var i abl e wi l l be used onl y at t he par t i cul ar bl ock onl y but i n case of t he %GLOBAL t hat var i abl e wi l l be used t i l l t he end of t he SAS sessi on
97. How l ong can a macr o var i abl e be? A t oken?
Ans: Ti l l i t passes t o t he wor d scanner .
98. I f you use a SYMPUT i n a DATA st ep, when and wher e can you use t he macr o var i abl e?
Ans: I t can be used out si de t he scope of dat aset and wi l l Be gl obal l y avai l abl e.
100. How woul d you code a macr o st at ement t o pr oduce i nf or mat i on on t he SAS l og?