API 650 Load Combinations

By George L. Morovich TEMCOR 13 Flower Tuft Ct. The Woodlands, TX 77380 281-367-7868

AGENDA ITEM: 650-472 Load Combinations HANDLED BY: Randy Kissell (SG Design) PH: 919-644-8250 FX: 919-644-8252 tgb@mindspring.com SOURCE: API Fall Meeting 1998 SGD discussions. PURPOSE: Using API 650's current level of risk of tank failure due to loads, provide a method for combining new loads, such as external pressure, with current loads, such as wind, and provide rules for combining currently considered loads (for example, snow and seismic). IMPACT: Some designs would be more costly and some would be less costly than current designs. By making the risk of tank failure more uniform, however, the overall cost of owning and operating tanks will decrease. JUSTIFICATION: Provided with previous ballots. PROPOSED CHANGE: See the following proposed revisions to 650.

3.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 3.2.1 Loads Loads are defined as follows: (a) Dead Load (DL) : the weight of the tank or tank component, including any corrosion allowance unless otherwise noted. (b) Stored Liquid (F): the load due to filling the tank to the design liquid level (see 3.6.3.2) with liquid with the design specific gravity specified by the purchaser. (c) Hydrostatic Test (Ht ): the load due to filling the tank with water to the design liquid level.

(d) Minimum Roof Live Load (Lr): 1.0 kPa (20 lb/ft2) on the horizontal projected area of the roof.
The minimum design live load was 25psf. Separately the Standard referred to the ability of a tank to handle -1water column negative pressure. Also there was discussion of the ability of a roof to support the live load from 2 repair plates.

(e) Snow (S): The ground snow load shall be determined from ASCE 7 Figure 7-1 or Table 7-1 unless the ground snow load that equals or exceeds the value based on a 2% annual probability of being exceeded (50 yr mean recurrence interval) is specified by the purchaser. The design snow load shall be 0.84 times the ground snow load. Alternately, the design snow load shall be determined from the ground snow load in accordance with ASCE 7. The design snow load shall be reported to the purchaser.

Unbalanced Snow Load

(f) Wind (W): The 3 sec gust design wind speed shall be determined from ASCE 7 Figure 61 unless the 3 sec gust design wind speed (that equals or exceeds the value based on a 2% annual probability of being exceeded (50 yr mean recurrence interval)) is specified by the purchaser. The design wind pressure shall be 0.86 kPa (18 lbf/ft2) on vertical projected areas of cylindrical surfaces and 0.72 kPa (15 lbf/ft2) on vertical and horizontal projected areas of conical or doubly curved surfaces multiplied by (V/190)2 ((V/120)2)*, where V is the 3 sec gust wind speed. The 3 sec gust wind speed shall be reported to the purchaser.
*Fastest mile wind speed times 1.2 is approximately equal to 3 sec gust wind speed.

(g) Design Internal Pressure (Pi): shall not exceed 18 kPa (2.5 lbf/in2). (h) Test Pressure (Pt): as required by F4.4 or F7.6. (i) Design External Pressure (Pe): shall not be less than 0.25 kPa (1 in. of water). This standard does not contain provisions for external pressures greater than 0.25 kPa. (j) Seismic (E): seismic loads determined in accordance with sections E.1 through E.3.
NOTE: New Appendix V (a later revision) addresses (i) External pressures exceeding the limit indicated here.

AGENDA ITEM: 650-608 Design Loads for Aluminum Dome Roofs DATE: June 7, 2006 CONTACT: Randy Kissell, TGB Partnership PH: 919-644-8250 FX: 919-644-8252, email: randy.kissell@tgbpartnership.com PURPOSE: To allow reduced live loads for aluminum domes where allowed by ASCE 7 To revise snow and wind loads on aluminum domes to those in ASCE 7 SOURCE: Committee member request REVISION: 0 IMPACT: Reduce cost where reduced live loads are allowed by ASCE 7 Reduce the likelihood of failures when aluminum domes are subjected to snow or wind loads.

Minimum Roof Live Load ASCE 7 section 4.9.1 prescribes minimum roof live loads as a function of the tributary area of a structural member and the rise-to-span ratio of dome roofs. The maximum ASCE 7 roof live load value of 20 psf is conservatively prescribed by API 650 3.2.1(d). This value may be reduced to as little as 12 psf for structural components with large tributary areas in domes with large rise-to-span ratios. This ballot proposes to allow lower minimum roof live loads where allowed by ASCE 7, but no less than 15 psf. (AWWA D100 specifies 15 psf where the snow load doesn t govern.) This would only reduce the design load in regions where the ground snow load was small.

Wind Loads ASCE 7-02 (Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures) provides wind pressures for dome roofs in Figure 6-7. Dome pressures are a function of the tankheight-to-diameter ratio, distance from the windward edge, and roof profile. These were used in agenda item 650-472 to provide the wind pressure for doubly curved surfaces, and this ballot proposes to apply these to aluminum domes, since the ASCE 7 pressure is more accurate than the current G.4.2.2.1 provisions.

G.4.1.3 General buckling The allowable buckling pressure pa shall equal or exceed p where p is the greater of: a) the dead load plus the minimum roof live load. b) the dead load plus twice the ASCE 7 flat roof snow load.

G.4.2.5.1 Uniform Load Roof panels shall be one piece aluminum sheet (except for skylights as per G.8.4). The roof shall be designed to support a uniform load of 3 kPa (60 lbf/ft2) over the full area of a panel. G.4.2.5.2 Concentrated Load The roof shall be designed to support two concentrated loads 1100 N (250 lbf), each distributed over two separate 0.1 m2 (1 ft2) areas of any panel. G.4.2.5.3 Application The loads specified in G.4.2.5.1 and G.4.2.5.2 shall not be applied simultaneously or in combination with any other loads.

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