cgf}7f] k|]dsyf

-pkGofl;sf_

k|bLk g]kfn

k':tsM cgf}7f] k|]dsyf -pkGofl;sf_

n]vsM k|bLk g]kfn
k|yd ;+:s/0fM @)^#
;jf{lwsf/M n]vsdf .
d"No M ===
k|sfzsM k}/jL k|sfzgsf nflu
k|aGw lgb]{zs kbd lzjfsf]6Lf/f k|sflzt
d'b|sM

;dk{0f,
cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf ;+jfxsxdf

n]vssf] egfO
k|]d syfx d]/f] rLsf ljifo xf]Ogg\ . k|]dnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfP/ @)@$)@% ;fndf n]v]sf
tLg rf/ syfxnfO{ d}n] Tolta]n} gi6 ul/lbPsf] lyPF . oBlk Tolta]nf k|]ddf cfwfl/t syf
pkGof;x g} ahf/df afSn/L 5l/Psf lyP . hgtfsf] b'Mv;'vsf] hLjg;Fu hf]l8Psf syfx ljzfn
dxf;fu/df stfslt b]lvg] 6fk'x h:tf dfq nfUy] . d lxGbL klg k9\y]F Tolta]nf . lxGbLdf k|Voft
dflgPsf pkGof;sf/ u'n;g gGbfsf k|]d sxfgLxn] t/ dnfO{ slxNo} 5f]Pgg\ . g]kfnL pkGof;sf/
o'wL/ yfkfsf k|]ddo pkGof;nfO{ klg d}n] sn]hd} 5f]8]/ lxF8]sf] lyPF . Tolta]n} ljbf lbOPsf
k|]dsyfx k]ml/ d]/f] hLjgdf lelqg} kfPgg\ . /fhgLltdf a]:;/L x]lnPsf] x'gfn] zfob k|]d klg d]/f
nflu /fhgLltsf] k]rlsnf g} x'gk'Uof] xf]nf . oBlk oxL g} Psdfq sf/0f xf] eGg] lgisif{ clxn] g}
lgsfNg' plrt gxf]nf .
lsgeg] qmflGtsf/L e}/xFbf klg d}n] z/trGb| r6hL{sf af\nf k|]d sxfgLx k9]sf] 5' .
z/trGb|sf] rlr{t k|]d pkGof; b]jbf; d}n] :s"n] hLjgd} k9]sf] lyPF . z/trGb|nfO{ s'g} klg
k|ultjfbL ;flxTosf/n] dg k/fPsf] yfxf kfPsf] 5}g d}n] . t/ ltgL d]/f cfVofg u'x dWosf
Pshgf x'g\ . d}n] ltgsf ;a} pkGof;x k9]sf] 5' / >LsfGt pkGof; bf]xf]ofP/} k9]sf] 5' . pgsf
pkGof;xsf] k|]drrf{ ;Dk"0f{ dfgjLo ;+j]bgfdf plgPsf] x'G5 . pgsf] pRr ;Dk|]if0f kl9;s]sf]
x'gfn] klg x'g;S5 g]kfnLdf n]lvPsf k|]d sxfgLx kl9/xg] w}o{tf dleq pld|g ;s]g . o;f] eg]/
d}n] g]kfnL ;flxTosf af/]df cGoyf l6Kk0fL u/]sf] g7flgof];\ . d}n] ;flxTosf/s} lx;fan] ;To af]n]sf]
x'F . g]kfnL k|]d syfxn] lsg Tof] prfO lng g;s]sf x'g\ d}n] hfGg ;lsg . cfgf] If]q gePsf]
x'gfn] To;k|lt d}n] ulx/f] hfgsf/L /fVg'k5{ eGg] klg dnfO{ nfu]g .
t/ hLjg k|]ddo x'g'k5{ eGg] xf] eg] k|]dsf] ;flxTorrf{ klg x'g}k5{ . of]bf]/ bf]:tf]PE:sL
cyjf PGtf]g r]vjsf k|]dsyfx ;'Gb/ nfU5g\ k9\g / ;'Gg ;d]t . xfdLl;t lsg 5}gg\ k|]d ufyfx
cxF yfxf 5}g dnfO{ .
k|]d syfxdf d}n] w]/} klxn] k9]sf], dg k/fPsf] / clxn];Dd cfgf] dfg;df hLljt /x]sf]
syf xf], g]kfnL ;flxTosf cu|h / hLjgf]kouL syfsf l;4x:t cfVofgsf/ /d]z ljsnf/f lnlvt
k'm6kfy ldlg:6;{ . k|]d, s0ff / u/LjLsf] Tolt ;'Gb/ lrq0f d}n] k]ml/ k9\g kfPsf] 5}g . hgtfsf]
b'Mv;'v;Fu hf]l8P/ hlGdPsf] Tof] k|]dsyfsf] prfOnfO{ 5'g;Sg] c syf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ d eGg
;lSbg . :jod\ syfsf/ /d]z ljsnn] To;kl5 Tof] prfO 5'g] syf n]Vg'ePsf] 5}g cyjf d}n] k9\g
kfPsf] 5}g . syf n]vgdf d /d]z ljsnsf] c;n lzio x'g rfxG5' . t/ k'm6kfy ldlg:6;{sf slnnf
kfqxsf] k|]d, ]if / s0ffnfO{ k5\ofpg ;Sg] syf v} slxn] n]Vg ;s'Fnf / d
/ klg Pp6f k|]d syfnfO{ d}n] pg]sf]5' olta]nf . k|]d/;sf] o;df cefj xf]nf . cfgf]
sdhf]/LnfO{ d a]n}df :jLsfb{5' . t/ hLjg;Fu hf]l8Psf] k|]dnfO{ ;a} k|ultzLn >i6fxn] pRr
dxTj lbg'k5{ eGg] cfgf] cfu|x klg d ;a};fd" kl:sg rfxG5' .
dnfO{ syf n]Vg l;sfpg] / ;s];Dd syfdf nflu/xg k|]l/t ul//xg] /d]z ljsnnfO{ d bfh'
eG5' . k}FtL; jif{ cl3 3lgi6 ;flGgWo klg kfPsf] lyPF d}n] . pxfFs} k|ToIf lzIffdf d}n] Psfw JolQm
JolQmsf] hLjgL klg n]v]sf] lyPF . t/ d}n] pxfF;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ cfk"m;Fu l;w} ufF:g ;s]sf] lyOg .
oxL ufF7f]sf nflu d}n] k|:t't pkGofl;sfsf] e"ldsf n]vL lbg'x'g cg'/f]w u/]F . pxfFsf] :jf:Yo ;fx|}
/fd|f] 5}g, pd]/n] klg ufNb} nu]sf] 5 . pxfF cfg} l;h{gfxnfO{ ;Sofpg xtf/ ul//xg' ePsf] 5 .
tyflk d}n] /d]z ljsnnfO{ d]/f] k':tsdf 5fk]/} 5f]8\5' eGg] c7f]6 u/]F .
k]ml/ klg syfsf/ /d]z ljsnn] cfgf] ;fgf] efOnfO{ ;3fOlbg' eof] . d}n] of] ;fgf]
pkGof;sf] zLif{s /fv]sf] lyPF cgf}7f] k|]d sxfgL . clxn] of] ePsf] 5 cgf}7f] k|]d syf .

g]kfnLkgsf] ;'Gb/tf yKg] of] zLif{ssf af/]df kf7sn] :jod\ /d]z ljsnsf] e"ldsfdf hfgsf/L /fVg'
x'g]5 .
cfgf] Ao:t ;donfO{ Psl5g 5]pdf yGSofP/ bfh' /d]z ljsnn] n]lvlbg' ePsf] phf{jw{s
e"ldsfsf nflu cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' .
k|bLk g]kfn
;fpg @*, )^#

;fFRr} cgf}7f] k|]d syf

/d]z ljsn

s]xL lbg cufl8 Pp6f pkGofl;sf sf] kf08'lnlk -o;nfO{ kf08'lnlk klg eGg gldNnf,
lsgeg] of] sDKo'6/ 6\s0flnlksf kdf 5_ k9]F cgf}7f] k|]d sxfgL k|bLk g]kfn lnlvt . k|bLk
g]kfn cfh Ps ;kmn /fhgLltsdL{sf kdf pel/P/ b]vf k/]sf] 5 . To;}n] p;nfO{ d"ntM Pp6f
/fhgLltsdL{s} kdf -g]t[Tj txd} k'u]sf]_ lrGg] u5{g\ dflg;x .
t/ p;sf] csf]{ Pp6f klxrfg klg 5 syfsf/pkGof;sf/sf] . o;kdf p;nfO{ lrGg]
w]/} g} xf]nfg\, / 5g\ . Pp6f pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf p;nfO{ ;flxTosf/ -syfsf/pkGof;sf/_ sf kdf
lrGg] / k9\g] kf7sssf] ju{ 5 . xf], sltkon] p;nfO{ k|bLk g]kfn ;flxTosf/sf kdf ghfg]/ -To;f]
t /fhgLlts n]vssf kdf t w]/}n] hfGb5g\ g}_ cs}{ gfpFaf6 hfGnfg\ syfsf/pkGof;sf/
;~ho yfkf .
xf], p;sf] ;flxlTos cleofg ;~ho yfkfsf] gfpFaf6 z' ePsf] k|tLt x'G5 . dnfO{ s] yfxf
5 eg] ;~ho yfkfsf] gfpFaf6 n]Vg' p;sf] jfWotf lyof] -zfob kf6L{ e"ldut x'Fbfsf] jfWotf_ . t/
p;sf] ;flxToofqf p;sf] lszf]/ cj:yfb]lv g} Pp6f kf7s / n]vss} kdf z' eof] . lsgeg]
p;nfO{ cfh dfq xf]Og, w]/} cl3b]lv @)#^ ;fn eGbf cufl8b]lv g} Pp6f k|ltefzfnL gjo'jfsf
kdf w]/} glhsaf6 lrGb5' .
d Toltv]/ lzIff ljefu cGt/uts} Pp6f k|d'v ;+:yfdf sfo{/t x'Fbf p klg To;;Fu
;DjlGwt lyof] / xfdL ;Fu} sfd uYof}{+ . Ps t Tof] ;+:yf g} ;flxTo / lzIff;Fu ;DjlGwt x'gfn]
ToxfFsf] jftfj/0f g} z}lIfs, ;flxlTos lyof] bf];|f], k|bLk klg To:t} kl/j]z -;T;_ af6} cfPsf] x'Fbf
p;sf] ;flxTok|lt ;fdfGo eGbf a9L rL b]lvGYof] . To;}n] pm cfgf] Joj;flos -sfof{noLo_
sfdaf6 k'm;{t kfof] ls -lgsfn]/} klg_ s]xL g s]xL sf]g]{ uYof]{ . p;n] To;/L gjlzsfsf kdf
sf]/]sf] s]xL /rgfx d}n] klg x]g]{ df}sf kfpFy] .
ToxL k|bLk g]kfn ;~ho yfkfsf kdf kNnljt / :yflkt x'Fb} cfh /fhg]t[Tjsf] clt Jo:t
/ hl6n k];faf6 klg ;do lgsfn]/ ;flxTo;fwgfdf /dfpg rL /fv]sf] b]Vtf dnfO{ cfgGb cfpF5 .
/ d TolQs} sNkgf ug{ yfN5' of] s]6fn] afFemf] /fhgLltsf] d}bfgdf gxfDkmfn]/ ;flxTos} /d0fLo
au}Frfdf, dfnLsf kdf ;fwgf ubf]{ xf] t cfh g]kfnL ;flxTon] slt ;'Gb/ ;'Gb/, s[lt cgdf]n
cgdf]n ;flxTo ;'dg k'mnfpFbf] xf], ;flxTosf] k"mnaf/LnfO{ slt ;hfP/ rDsfpFbf] xf], sltnfO{ cfgGb
lbFbf] xf]
t/ of] ;Dej x'Fb}g . ;a}n] ;flxTo au}Frfsf] dfnL ag]/ /fhgLlts h\unlt/ gx]g]{ xf] eg]
Tof] kmfF6 t To;} cfhsf] eGbf klg s'k emf8L aGg ;SYof], 3f]/ c/0o klg aGg ;SYof] . To;}n]
To;nfO{ ;dfNg] Tof] v]tL -/fhgLlts v]tL_ nfO{ :ofxf/;';f/ ug]{, uf]8d]n / dnhn u/]/ pj{/f
wlt{ t'Nofpg sf]xL g sf]xLn] sDd/ s:g} kYof]{ . t/ Tof] rflxF :jMsf nflu geP/ ;du| hgju{, /fi6
/ b]zk|lt ;dlk{t x'g'kg]{ of] a|tsf] kfngfrflxF klxnf] k|lta4tf, klxnf] ;sNk x'g kg]{ / To;nfO{
kfngf ug]{ Odfgbf/L x'g'kg]{ k|d'v zt{ xf] . Tof] s'/fsf] rflxF clxn] Go"gtf v8\lsPsf] 5 .
t cfh ToxL /fhgLltsf] pBfgsf] kmf]x/d}nf ;kmf ug{ eg]/ tD;]sf] Pshgf k|lta4 g]tfsf]
sndaf6 of] pkGofl;sf cgf}7f] k|]d sxfgL -zLif{s sxfgL sf] ;f syf e}lbPsf] eP a9L g]kfnL

x'Fbf] xf]_ sf] sf]z]nL lnP/ cfgf kf7s ;dIf cfPsf] 5 . k|yd t o;sf] zLif{s g} cfsif{s / sf}t'xn
hufpg] vfnsf] ag]sf] 5 . === s:tf] cgf}7f] k|]d syf xf] t of] < ===
;fdfGotof xfdL ;flxTodf, l;g]dfdf cgluGtL k|]d k|;x k9b}, x]b}{ cfPsf 5fF} . tL
syfxdf Pshgf gfos x'G5, Pp6L gflosf . -cem clwsf+z l;g]df / syfs[ltxdf t vngfos len]g_ klg x'G5 . gfos k'if / gflosf :jtM gf/L x'G5] / k|]d eGg] lalQs} xfd|f] dfgl;stfn]
t'Gt} k'if / gf/L aLrsf] of}ghGo k|]d eGg] s'/fnfO{ klS8OxfN5 . xfd|f] s';+:sf/o'Qm dgn] k|]d
zAb clt kljq x'G5 / o;sf] k, bfh'alxgL, lbbLefO, cfdf5f]/f, afa'5f]/f, ;fyL;fyL aLrdf klg
k"mn]sf] x'G5 / Tof] k"mn hlQs} kljq / ;'Gb/ x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ u|x0f ug{} ;St}g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
-xf], gjk':tfdf eg] Tof] gofF wf/0ffn] ;g} ;g} u|fXotf kfpFb} cfPsf], t/ 9Lut ;+:sf/sf]
cjz]if cem} k"0f{ k'l5Og;s]sf] kl/k|]Ifdf of] cem} ;+zos} :t/df, w/d/s} laGb'df c8\lsPsf] 5 ._
k'/fgf] ;+:sf/ cg';f/ k|]dsyfdf gfos gflosf aLrsf] k|]dk|;\u lgtfGt gf/Lk'ifsf]
of}ghGo cfsif{0f -k|mfo8jfbL lrGtghGo_ df g} dlnG5 . To;df d'Vo ljof]usf cfF;' cyjf ldng of]u_ sf xfF;f]n] g} cf]tk|f]t x'G5 cGTo;Dd . -vngfos ;d]t /x]sf] k|]dsyfsf] ;+of]ufGt /
ljof]ufGtdf rflxF To;sf] sf/0fLdf ToxL vngfosn] b'i6 e"ldsf v]N5 . syf Tof] lqsf]0ffTds eP/
cflbb]lv cGt x'G5 ._
To:tf] cfVofg kl/kf6LnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ x's]{sf kf7s ;dfh dfem k|bLksf] k|:t't cgf}7f]
k|]dsyf n] ;fFRr} cgf}7f] g} k|efj 5f]8\5 . lsgeg] o; cfVofgsf gfos lk|o / gflosf rfFbgL
k/Dk/fut -dfq s] eGg' cfw'lgs gfpF le/]/ hlGdPsf t/ k'/ftg ;f+:sfl/s kl/wLaf6 k"/} lanu x'g
g;ls/x]sf klg_ h:tf k6Ss}| 5}gg\ . pgLx gt lxhf]cfhsf alnp8, slnp8sf lx/f] lx/f]gL h:tf
PsfGt pkjg, au}Frf jf wfg, ux'F, rgfsf xl/ofnLk"0f{ v]txdf pGdQ afg/] pk|mfO ub}{
nv]6fnv]6 ub}{ pQfpnf ;:tf uLtxsf a]tfn] /fusf ;'/df cw{gUg eP/ Ps csf{;Fu bz}Fsf]
kLsf] n7f/f] em}F n7fl/Fb} ;:tf bz{sxnfO{ klg of]gf]Q]hgfdf h's\ h's\ kfl//x]sf x'G5g\, g
cfbz{ / rf]vf] k|]dsf gfpFdf s'g} gbL lsgf/f jf ;fu/t6sf lsgf/sf rfgdf a;]/ la/xsf cfF;'df
leh]sf] dfgL uLt ufP/ efj's bz{sxnfO{ klg cfF;'df 8'afpg] k|oTg ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .
cem ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] c7\7fO;, P kmf]/ ;fOhsf] cfgf] lk|otdnfO{ lr7\7L z}nLdf
n]lvPsf] bz lbgsf] b}lgsL -8fo/L_ e/df kl/eflift k|0fo k|]dsf] k|;\u lk|o n] cfgL k]|o;L
rfFbgLnfO{ n]v]sf] lr7L -of] kf08'lnlksf] !#!$!% k[i7_ sf] clGtd s]xL cg'R5]baf6 dfq
k|ToIfkdf cg'e"t x'G5 . of] lr7L kfFr jif{ klxn] rfFbgLsf] lk|o gfosn] cfgL k|]o;L rfFbgLsf]
gfpFdf n]v]sf] x'G5 . rfFbgLn] To;nfO{ htg;Fu /fv]sL x'G5] / o;f] Gof>f] nfu]sf] cyjf lk|o sf]
;lGgs6tfsf] tLa| rfxgf ePsf] 38Ldf dfq lems]/ k9\g] u5]{ .
o;f] eg]/ of] pkGofl;sfdf ljk/Lt ln\uLdf x'g] g};lu{s k|]dk|0fosf] k|; x'Fb} gePsf]
xf]Og . cflbb]lv cGTo;Dd k|]dtTj n] g} t l;l~rt 5 of] . t/ Tof] k|]d lxhf]cfhsf] ;dfhdf
k|rlnt k|]dk|0fosf] kl/efiff leq kb}{g, h'g ljof]usf] pR5\jf;af6 JoQm x'G5 gt ;+of]u / ldngsf]
pddf . of] g k|mfo8sf] kl/efiffdf JoQm x'G5 gt sflnbf;s} d]3b"tdf . xL//fFemfdf klg JoQm x'Fb}g,
/f]ldof] h"lno6df klg . of] cfhsf] ztfAbLsf /fhgLlts r]tgfo'Qm b'O{ lzlIft kfl/jfl/s / ;fdflhs
jftfj/0fn] lgdf{0f u/]sf :jo+ ;r]t / lzlIft o'jf o'unsf] k|]d syf xf] . To;}n] of] df6f] -b]z, wlt{_
sf] ddtfdf cleJoQm ePsf] 5, ;dfhsf] kL8fdf af]n]sf] 5, /fhgLlts ljt08fdf ;+j]B ePsf] 5 .
;du|df eGbf of] syf dfgjLo ;+j]bgf, b]zk|]d, hftLo -/fli6o_ ddTjdf k|:k'ml6t ePsf] 5 . o;df
k|]d}k|]d 5tf5'Nn eP/ au]sf] 5 . To;}n] of] k|]d sxfgL xf] / o;nfO{ k|rlnt k|]d sf syf k9\g]sf
cfFvfdf o;df s'g} k|]d k|0fo k|;} 5}g . To;}n] of] k|]dsyf g} xf]Og . To;}n] ;du|df of] cgf}7f] k|]d
syf xf] . o;sf] oxL cgf}7f]kg g} o;sf] cfsif{0f xf] / o;}sf] lrGtgzLntfn] g]kfnL ;flxTosf]
>Lj[l4df ;3fp k'ofpg] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 .
/ oxL cgf}7f]kg k|ltsf] lh1f;fn] g} kf7ssf] dgf]/~hg ;fy} p;df pT;'stf hufpF5 .
z}nL / k|:t'ltsf] cgf}7f]kgn] kf7s cln cndlnP klg To;nfO{ vf]tNg] lh1f;fn] ;r]t kf7sn]
o;nfO{ dfof ug]{5 . c:t', d efO k|bLksf] o; d"Nojfg k|of;nfO{ ;fw'jfb lbG5' . / p;n] o:t}

nf]sr]tgfnfO{ plhNofpg], hgtfs} ;'vb'MvnfO{ af]s]/ /fli6o lrGtgnfO{ k}mnfpg] ;flxTo, syf,
pkGof; / ;Dej eP gf6s lgaGwsf] ;[hgf ub}{, g]kfnL ;flxTo e08f/sf] >Lj[l4 ub}{ hfj;\ .
Pp6f bfh'sf gftfn] d p;nfO{ ;fw'jfbsf ;fy} cfzLjf{bsf jrg klg k|bfg u5'{ . / ljZjf;
/ cfzf klg u5'{ p;sf] snd emg emg k|v/ / hgefjgfnfO{ axg ug{ ;Ifd / ;lqmo x'Fb} hfj;\ .
p st{Jokydf slxNo} gyfSg], slxNo} gxfg]{ of]4f;/L cufl8 a9\b} hfj;\ r/}j]lt r/}j]lt
td;f]df Hof]ltu{do c;tf]df ;b\udoM d[tof]df{ cd[t+udoM
cfaf/L
@^ ;fpg @)^#

;'qwf/
gt gbL eGg ldNYof] To;nfO{ g gfnL g} . ToxfF aUg] kbfy{nfO{ kfgL eGg ldNb}gYof] To;}n]
Tof] gbL lyPg . t/ Tof] 7"nf] gfnLdf kfgLsf] dfqf a9L lyof], To;}n] To;nfO{ kfgL xf]Og klg eGg
x'Fb}gYof] . b'O lsgf/sf] aLraf6 aUg] Tof] kbfy{sf] / lkmSsf sfnf] lyof] . To;nfO{ x]bf{ o:tf] nfUYof]
k'/fgf] eP/ v'OlnPsf] eQmk'/] 6f]kL t/n kbfy{df kfGtl/t eP/ d}bfgdf ;nnn alu/x]5 . cyjf
tkfO{+ o;nfO{ dLt]nsf] dfqf a9L ePsf] 89]sf] df]lansf] cg'xf/df klg ;lDemg ;Sg'x'G5 . snf}F;f]
sfnf] WjfF;f] lnlkPsf] kfgL h:tf] Tof] t/n kbfy{af6 a]nfdf}sfdf lrtfOg;Sg'sf] b'u{Gw x\jf:;
lg:sGYof] . Tof] b'u{Gwn] tkfO{+nfO{ 3/}5]paf6 jfkm p8fpFb} alu/x]sf] gflnsf] ;Demgf u/fpFYof] .
xfdLnfO{ h:tf] zfob cnfO{ nfUb}gYof] . To;}n] To;nfO{ gbL eGy] dflg;x . gbLsf
l5d]sLx dfq x]fOg, b]zel/sf dfqn] klg xf]Og, b]zfj/sf dflg;x klg To;nfO{ gbL g} eGy] .
Psvfnsf dflg;x t To;}nfO{ kljq gbL eGy] . To;df g'xfpg kfpbf l;w} eujfgsf] sfvdf a:g
kfOG5 eGy] . hlt sfnf] eP klg ToxfFsf] kfgLn] lgwf/df cfrdg ug{ kfpbf eujfgsf] ljZjk
b]lvG5 eGy] . cf:yfsf] Tof] efjgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ of] cfVofgdf To;nfO{ gbL g} elgg]5 . tkfO{+
cfgf] OR5fn] To;sf] gfd /fVg ;Sg'x'g]5 . To;nfO{ jfudtL eGg';, of lji0f'dtL cyjf OR5'dtL
eGg';\ . eGg} /x/ nfU5 eg] tkfO{+ To;nfO{ sf]zL of gf/fo0fL klg eGg ;Sg'x'G5 . cflv/ gbLeGbf
7"nf] gbLsf] gfd klg t gbL g} x'G5 .
clxn] ;lhnf]sf] nflu xfdL To;nfO{ gbL dfq egf}+ .
syf sf7df08f}s} xf] . sf7df08f}nfO{ ldq/fi6;Fu hf]8\g] Pp6f /fhdfu{ 5 . Tof] tkfO{+ xfdL
;a}n] hfg]s} s'/f xf] . ToxL /fhdfu{df lrlKng yfNg'k5{ ToxfF k'Ug . /fhdfu{sf] kftnf] cf]/fnf]df,
pQ/lt/ nfUg] Pp6f /fd|f] af6f] e]l6G5 . To;nfO{ tkfO{+n] g} s'g} Pp6f gfd lbg'eP x'G5 . zflGtdfu{
eg] klg ef], k|hftGq uf]/]6f] eg] klg ef] . dgn] dfG5 eg] czflGt psfnf] cyjf ck|hftflGqs
cf]/fnf] eg] klg x'G5 . af6f] l;wf 5, st} gdf]l8Psf] st} ga6fl/Psf] .
l;wf kf+r ;o ld6/ cufl8 uPkl5 Tof] af6f] b]a|]lt/ s'O+Ss 3'D5 . To;nfO{ g5f]8\gf];\ .
tkfO{+sf] gfs cl3lNt/ Pp6f dGbL/ z}nLsf] ;]tf] 3/ l7 pleG5 . tnb]lv dfly;Dd lgofn]/ x]g'{;\,
a'dtL / eQmk'/df ag]sf k|frLg z}nLsf em\ofn9f]sfn] l;+ufl/Psf] Tof] 3/leq rf}la;} 306f hLjg
k|jflxt e}/xG5 . Tof] Ao'lem/xG5 t/ rf}la;} 306fsf] clgbf]sf sf/0f To;sf cfFvfx z+s/
nfld5fg]n] j0f{g ug'{ ePsf] cww{d'lbt gog h:t} b]lvO/xG5g\ .
e'O{+ ;d]t hf]8\bf Tof] 3/df kfFr cf]6f tnfx 5g\ . e'O{+ tnfsf] af/]df ;a}eGbf k'5f/df
egf}Fnf . klxnf] tnfdf xflh/sfkL, lx;falstfa, hf]836fpsf] sfd x'G5 . To;nfO{ k|zf;g zfvf
elglbP x'G5 . bf]>f] tnfdf Pp6f 7"nf] ;efsIf 5, To;sf] cf8}df csf]{ ;fgf] ;efsIf klg 5 . 7"nf]
;efsIf jQmfd~r / >f]tfd~rdf afFl8Psf] 5 eg] ;fgf] ;efsIf c08fsf/ 6]an cf]l/kl/ 5l/P/
;'t]sf] 5 . t]>f] tnfdf Psflt/ 5g\ au|]NtL sDKo'6/ / Tof];Fu v]Ng] efOa}gfx . To;sf] csf{kL
5g\ ;Dkfbs / pk;Dkfbsx . rf}yf] cyf{t ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] tnfdf a:5g\ sDkgLsf cWoIf,
pkfWoIf, ;lrj clg sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsx .
syf ToxL 3/sf] e'OF tnf]af6 z' x'G5 . Tof] tnf] ;+ud/d/sf] ;]tf] / lrNnf] 9'fdf yrSs
a;]sf] 5 . cUnf] 5t 5 e'O+tnfsf] sf7df08f}sf nflu k6Ss} g;'xfpg] . !$ lkm6 cUnf] . 5tdf
snfsfl/tf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . t/ laxf/L snfsf/sf] eP/ xf]nf g To;df ef/tLo snfsf] ;'Gb/tf 5,
g g]kfnL snfn] g} ToxfF /dfpg] df}sf kfPsf] 5 . /LrL a'6fx 5g\ 5tdf . t/ tL a'6fx;Fu
lbnf hfg] af6f]df kg]{ tLgtn]sf] lrqu'Ktsf] snfTds 3/sf snfs[ltxsf] h:tf] ;'Gb/tf st} 5}g

. of] t snf xf]Og, PSsf;L rldsPsf] r6\ofsf] pHofnf] h:tf] 5 cfFvf vfg] u/L r/Ss rls{Psf]
/n] lj/lQmP/ ;+ud/d/sf] e'FO lgofnL /x] h:tf] .
;+ud/d/df klN6Psf] e'OFtnf], cfgf pbf; / lr;f cfFvfn] tkfO{+nfO{ 9f]sfdf :jfut ug{
cfOk'U5 .
cgf}7f] 9n] vfnL b]lvG5 Tof] e'O{+ sf]7f . x'g]vfg] dfG5]sf] 3/df ple|P/ oflnPsf] sf]7f
h:tf] . d'n9f]sf ;fx|} km/flsnf] 5 . 9f]sfsf] l;wf leQfdf cUnf] 6]an / To:t} s'rL{ b]lvG5g\ . s'rL{sf]
bflxg] lt/ ;fF3'/f] lah'nLeof 5 . -sf7df08f}df km/flsnf lah'nLeofx gofF ztfAbL;Fu} a9L
k|of]udf cfpg yfn]sf x'g\ ._ lah'nLeofsf] cf8}df dfly hfg] l;d06Lsf] eof 5 . eofsf] kNnf]
5]pdf cUnf] 3/sf] leQf] 5 . To;/L bflxg] lt/sf] n ;dfKt x'G5 .
s'rL{sf] b]a|]lt/ klg km/flsnf] 7fpF 5 . km/flsnf] 7fpFsf] aLrdf Pp6f uf]nf] 6]an / rf/
cf]6f To;nfO{ ;'xfplbnf t/ ;fbf Knfli6ssf s'rL{x 5g\ . 6]an dfly 5/kl:6Psf cvaf/x 5g\ .
s]xL klqsf klg 5g\ . x]g]{ lalQs} yfxf x'G5 e'O{+tnfdf rf/ hgf dflg;nfO{ dfq a:g] u/L :jfut
ul/G5 . To;}n] cfdkdf cfuGt'sx l/;]K;gdf pleP/ s'/f u5{g\ / cfgf] sfd ;s]/ lx+l8xfN5g\ .
slt /fd|f] Joj:yf
oxL /fd|f] Joj:yf ;Dxfn]/ e'O+{tnfsf] s'rL{df a:g], 3/sf] af/]df ;f]wk'5 ug{ cfpg] hf]
sf]xL;Fu klg d';'Ss xfF;]/ af]Ng], Ps 306fdf bh{gf}+ 6]lnkmf]gsf] hjfkm lbg] sd{rf/L g} k|:t't
pkGof;sL gflosf xf] ====

h]7 $ ut]
afg]Zj/
lk|o,
pHofnf] cfsfzdf klg tf/fx b]lvPsf 5g\ cfh . 5f;5'; kfgL k/] klg cem} avf{
nfluxfn]sf] 5}g . To;}n] d}n] cfh 3/sf] 5tdf w]/}a]/ latfPF . d 5tdf r9\bf ;fFemsf] cf7 ah]sf]
lyof] . e/v/} cFWof/f] cf]ln{g yfn]sf] lyof] wtL{df . uf]bfj/Laf6 psfnf] r9]/ k'mnrf]sLsf] 6'Kkfdf
k'u]kl5 yfs]sf] dfG5] h;/L k"0f{rGb|sf] l6sf nfpg lx+8]sf] h'g v'Ov'O ub}}{ cfsfzsf] psfnf]df
rl9/x]sf] lyof] . cfsfz, uLtxdf j0f{g ul/Psf] h:t} s~rg lyof] . cx+, Ps 6'qmf] afbn klg lyPg
st} . h'gsf] pHofnf], 3/sf] 5tdf c;/Nn k/]/ 5l/Psf] lyof] . t/ cfsfzdf tf/fxsf] la:s'g
5l/Psf] x'gfn] e'O{+sf] h'g cfsfzsf tf/fxsf] la:s'gdf x/fP h:tf] nfUYof] .
cfsfz lztn lyof] ls wtL{ lztn ePsf] xf] eg]/ w]/}a]/;Dd d}n] 5'6\ofpg ;lsg .
l5gl5gdf l;/\l;/\ atf; rNYof] . Tof] lxdfnaf6 cf]ln{Psf] xf] ls cfsfzjf6 em/]sf] xf] 5'6\ofpg}
;lsb}gYof] . h]7 dlxgfsf] udL{n] sf7df08f}nfO{ s:t/L ;dfTg yfn]5 xf]lu <
s]xL ;fn klxn] xfdL cfnfkf]6sf] xfO:s"ndf k9\Yof}+ . ljBfyL{ / lzIfsx aLrsf] ;DaGw
cfh h:tf] Jofkfl/s e};s]sf] lyPg . lzIfsx sIff sf]7fdf k}+tfln; ldg]6 latfpg'nfO{ cfgf]
bfloTj lgaf{x 7fGb}gy] . lzIfsx, afa' x'Gy], cfdf x'Gy], bfh' / lbbLx x'Gy] . ljBfyL{k|lt 7"nf]
lhDd]bf/L dx;'; uy]{ . lzIfsn] ljBfyL{nfO{ cfg} ;Gtfg 7fGy], cfg} efOa}gf 7fGy] .
cxf], slt ;'Gb/ ;DaGw lyof] lzIfs / ljBfyL{sf] Tof]
;f]gfd ;/ xfdLnfO{ lj1fg k9fpg' x'GYof] . cfhef]ln pxfFnfO{ d}n] s'g} :s"nsf] lzIfs ePsf]
;'g]sL 5}g . lzIfsxsf] sfo{qmdsf ;dfrf/df klg pxfF n]lvg' ePsf] 5}g . cf}+;Lsf] cf;kf;sf
/ftdf ;f]gfd ;/, xfdL ljBfyL{nfO{ :s"nsf] cfFugdf af]nfpg' x'GYof] . sxfF x'g'x'G5 ;f]gfd ;/
cfhef]ln < Tolta]nf xfdL lj1fgdf rL /fVg] ljBfyL{x rfF8} eft vfP/ rx'/df e]nf x'GYof}+ . ;/
xfdLnfO{ cfsfzsf tf/fx b]vfpb} ltgsf] lrgf/L lbg'x'GYof] . ;KtifL{nfO{ d}n] To;}a]nfb]lv lrGg
yfn]sL x'F . pN6f] k|ZglrGx h:tf] Tof] tf/f ;d"x z'Go cfsfzdf ;w}+ x]l//xg dg nfUg] vfnsf] x'GYof]
. ;f]gfd ;/n] g} dnfO{ lqs'6Lsf] t];f]{ w;f]{ lrgfpg' ePsf] xf] . pQ/L w'|jsf] ghLs al;/x]sf] h:tf]
nfUg] w|'j tf/fsf] dl;gf] l6sf]nfO{ d}n] To;}a]nfb]lv 7Dofpg yfn]sL x'F . 7Dofpg} ufx|f] kg]{ w|'j tf/f]
lrgfpg ;/n] kfFr cf]6f /ft latfpg' k/]sf] lyof] .
t/ cfhsf] /ft cf}+;Lsf] /ft lyPg . cfh t k'l0f{dfsf] ;]/f]k]m/f] lyof] . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg d}n]
lj1fgsf] ;/n] k9fpg' ePsf] Tof] /ftnfO{ ;lDemPF . k/Dk/fdf /ut h;/L leh]sf] dfof sxfF uof] xF <
s] hLjg Jofkf/ dfq} xf] < ;lDembf ;lDemb} d]/f] dg /f]of] . a]:;/L 6fpsf] em8\sf/]+ d}n] . s]sf]
;Demgf eof] < s] xfdLn] u'dfpb} uPsf] cfgf] ;Eotfsf], cfgf] ;+:sf/sf] dfof xf] of] <
Oltxf; kmls{b}g . dfG5]n] Oltxf;nfO{ kmsf{pg] sf]lzz uof] eg], dfG5] hLjgsf nflu
c;fGble{s x'G5 . Oltxf;nfO{ kmsf{pg' eg]sf] x'ls{Psf xfdLx k]ml/ afnfkglt/ hfg' xf], o:tf] slxn]
x'GYof] / ;To hfGbf hfGb} klg d]/f] dg w]/}a]/ cfsfzsf tf/fx;Fu t/l\t eO/x\of] . dnfO{ dg
kg]{ ;a}yf]s lkmtf{ e}lbP x'GYof] h:tf] nflu/x\of] . d]/f] afnfkg, d]/f ;fyL;Lx, d}n] v]n]sf] d}bfg,
d}n] v]k]sf] ;'v ;a} l;g]dfsf b[iox h;/L dgsf] cfFvfaf6 ;nnn au]/ uP . dg x'F8lNnP h:tf]
eof] .
;'v ;lDembf klg lsg dg lk/f]lnG5 <
dg cldlng vf]h]kl5 d kftnf kfOnf rfn]/ cfgf] sf]7fdf cf]ln{PF . sf]7f aQLsf] pHofnf]df
g'xfO/x]sf] lyof] . tkfO{+n] Pslbg eGg'ePsf] lyof] lg ;s] lal;{;Sg' eof] xf]nf . 3/sf] sf]7fdf

u'nfkmL / nufpg', Tof] dg kb}{g eg] sf]7fdf pHofnf] kx]+nf] / nufpg' . oL b'O{ /x k|]d, :g]x,
;f}xfb{tf / km/flsnf]kgsf ;"rs x'g\ . b'O{ / dg k/]gg\ eg] ;]tf] nufP klg x'G5 . Tof] lztntf xf],
:gLUwtf xf] .
Ps dlxgf nfu]sf] lyof] dnfO{ sf]7fdf / nufpg . a'jfcfdfn] gdfg]/ xf]Og, d}n] g} /
g5fg]/ Tolt l9nf] ePsf] lyof] . v}/f] Knf:6/sf] leQfdf d Psl5g kx]+nf] / kf]t]/ lgofNy]+, Tof] dnfO{
/fd|f] nfUYof] . slxn] b]a|] 9lNsP/, slxn] bflxg] lgx'l/P/ d /sf] km/flsnf]kg s]nfpg vf]Hy]+ . cxf
s:tf] /fd|f] slxNo} g5f]8f}+, g5f]8f}+ h:tf] .
cs:dft tkfO{+sf] u'nfkmL /sf] clt{ d]/f] dgdf 7\of u/]/ ahfl/GYof] . d xtf/ xtf/
u'nfkmL wsf{xnfO{ leQfdf kf]Vy]+ . Tof] emg ;'Gb/ b]lvGYof] .
;]tf] /sf] t s'/} ePg . ljBfyL{ x'Fbfb]lv g} dnfO{ ;]tf] dg kYof]{ . d kfP;Dd ;]tf] /sf]
n'uf nfpy]+ .
d}n] / 5fGg ;lsg . Pslbg bfO{n] eGg'eof], of] l6sfsf lbg xfdLn] 3/ ;g}{k5{ . of] s]6Ln]
/ g5fg]/ x}/fg kf/L . o;nfO{ dg kg]{ eg]sf] kx]+nf], u'nfkmL / ;]tf] xf] . kx]+nf] / u'nfkmLnfO{
ldnfpbf ;]tf] x'G5 eG7fg]/ ca sf]7fxdf //f]ug l;Wofpg' k5{ . ;a} sf]7fdf ;]tf] / nufpg' k5{
. sf]7f pHofnf] x'G5, . d}nf] nfUof] eg] klg t'Gt} b]lvG5, . ;/;kmfO ul//xg' kg]{ x'G5 . ToxL 7Ls
x'G5 .
7"nf] ;d:ofaf6 kf/ kfP h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] Tolta]nf . d}n] v'zL eP/ bfOnfO{ uDn cFufnf]
xfn]sL lyPF . bfh'a}gLsf] lk/tL b]v]/ a'jfcfdf b kg'{ePsf] lyof] .
ca]nf ;]tf] /sf] dxQf olt ;fx|f] cg'e"t u/]sL lyOg . 3/ agfPs} klg t kfFr jif{
e};Sof] . tLg jif{ eg]sf] Ps xhf/ eGbf a9L /ft xf]Og < Toqf] ;do laTbf klg sf]7f slt ;]tf] 5
eGg] yfxf x'g;s]sf] lyPg . 3/df km]l/ PskN6 / yKg'k5{ ls eg]/ gofF jif{s} lbg s'/f ePsf] lyof] .
gkg]{ /x]5 . cfh sf]7fdf k:gf;fy sf]7fsf] pHofnf]kg b]v]/ d 5Ss k/]F . Tof] t rGb|dfnfO{ wtL{df
:jfut ug{ cf]5\ofOPsf] ;]tf] afbnsf] la5\of}gf h:tf] kf] b]lvof]
slt nfdf] uGyg n]Vg dg nfu]sf] xf]nf < tkfO{+nfO{ ;lDemP/ 8fo/Ldf zJb sf]g{ yfNbf ;do
/f]lsP slt hftL x'GYof] h:tf] nfU5 .
cfhsf] lbg xfd|f nflu c;fWo} /fd|f] /x\of] . 5Ss kg'{ ef] < sf7df08f}sf] Ps gDa/ If]qsL
s]6L, cfhsf] lbg xfd|f nflu c;fWo} /fd|f] /x\of] eG5] t/ of] To; If]qsL s]6Lsf] v'zL xf]Og . Tof]
v'zL xf] Pp6L sd{rf/L s]6Lsf] . xfdL / ;+;f/sf aLrdf slQ 7"nf] e]b 5 xf]lu < bfOsf] cfFvfaf6
au]sf] cfFz' yfldPsf] 5}g . ;dfrf/ ;'g]b]lv pxfFsf] cfFvf lgbfPsf] 5}g . a'jfn] nfdf] ;':s]/f sf9\b}
eGg'ef], c;n dfG5]nfO{ eujfgn] wtL{df w]/} lbg a:g lb+b}gg\ . rfF8} af]nfp5g\ . cfdfn] d]/f]
6fpsf]df xft /fv]/ eGg'ePsf] lyof], nfvf}+nfO{ jfof] . o:tf] dfG5] ca g]kfndf slxn] hGd]nf / <
t/ xfdLn] sfd ug]{ 3/df cfh v'zL afFl8of] . xfdL / b'lgofsf aLrdf slt ulx/f] vf8n 5
eg]/ ;f]Rbf d cfkm};Fu nhfpg] u5'{ . d'n'ssf] Pp6f 7"nf] k+lQm lxSsf 5f]8L 5f]8L /f]O/x]sf] 5,
xhf/f}+sf cfFvfaf6 au]sf] cfFz'n] wf/fsf] kfgL ;Demfp5, t/ cfh xfdL ;a} xfFl;/x]sf 5f}+, /dfPsf 5f}+
/ Joj:yfkgn] xfdLnfO{ cfh tLg ;o k}ofF a/fa/sf] s'kg afF8]sf] 5 . xfd|f] Aofkf/ o;/L g}
km:6fO/x\of] eg] cfufdL dlxgfb]lv d]/f] tnadf tLg ;o k}ofF ylkg]5 .
k|; zfob tkfO{+n] a'em\g' eof] xf]nf .
g]kfnL /fhgLltsf Pshgf 7"nf /fhg]tfsf] d[To' eof] . b'3{6gf elgPsf] 5 To;nfO{ . To;sf]
;a}eGbf /fd|f] ;dfrf/ xfd|} cvaf/n] 5fKof] . pHofnf] klg x'g gkfpb} xhf/f}+ k|lt laSof] . tkfO{+
sNkgf ug{;Sg' x'G5 < ;Sg'x'Gg . xKtf lbg cl3;Dd cf7 bz xhf/ k|lt 5flkg] cvaf/n] k}+;6\7L
xhf/sf] ;+Vof gfWof] . xfd|f ;/xsf] v'zLsf] 7]ufg} ePg . pxfFxn] klRr; tL; xhf/;Ddsf]
cg'dfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . krf;sf] t sNkgf ;d]t ug'{ePsf] lyPg . t/ bf]Aa/ kf] laSof] . Ps}rf]6L
x\jfQ} a9\of] cvaf/sf] laqmL . ;/xn] cfhsf] :6fkm ldl6df eGg'eof], o;nfO{ l6sfpg ufx|f] x'G5,
t/ klg krf;eGbf tn emg{ glbg] sf]lzz ug'{k5{ . aflx/ ;a}n] zf]s dgfpg' k5{ t/ tkfO{+xnfO{

yfxf x]f;\ tkfO{+xsf] hfuL/ ca ;'lglZrt eof] . xfd|f] Joj:yfkgn] cvaf/nfO{ rfln; xhf/eGbf
tn emg{ lbg]5}g . ca lrGtf gug'{;\ . Wofg lbP/ sfd ug'{;\ . cvaf/nfO{ pTs[i6 agfpg';\ .
hfuL/]sf nflu of] ;';dfrf/ ePg / <
t/ of] ;';dfrf/nfO{ d cfg} 3/df s;};Fu afF8\g ;lSbg . of] va/ ;'Gg] lalQs} a'jfn] t]/f]
a'l4 5f]6f] / cfo' nfdf] xf];\ eGg' x'g]5, . Tolta]nf dnfO{ hGdfpg] cfdfn] eGg'x'g]5 t]/f] d[To'df
xfdL s;}sf] cfFvfdf cfFz' cfpg] 5}g . bfOn] cfh;Dd u/]sf] dfofsf] Aofh ;d]t r'Qmf x'g] u/L
ufnfdf rsf]{ r8\sg lbg'xg' ]5 . pxfFsf] xftsf] r'6fO{ k/]sf] d]/f] ufnfsf] l;+uf/k]6f/ gu/L ef]ln d}n]
clkm; hfFbf d]/f bf}+t/Lxn] t}+n] s'g lqmd k|of]u ul/;\ xF eg]/ ;f]Wg]5g\ .
s:tf] cgf}7f] ;'vsf] c+lzof/ ePF d < cfg} kl/jf/l;t klg afF8r'F8 ug{ g;Sg]
cat ;a} s'/f yfxf eof] lg xf]Og < dbg e08f/Lsf] lgwgdf olta]nf ;f/f b]z /f]O/x]5 .
nfvf}+ o'jfxsf] cfFvfn] lgb|f b]jLnfO{ cfkm}+ v]b]sf] 5 . dfG5]sf] ef]s d/]sf] 5 . pT;fx ;dfKt ePsf]
5 . hLjgk|ltsf] ljZjf; 6'6]sf] 5 . pxfFsf] kl/jf/ emg slQ /GylgPsf] xf]nf < kl/jf/ eGbf 7"nf]
rf]6 pxfFsf] kf6L{df k/]sf] xf]nf . pxfFsf] lgwgn] l;f] kf6L{nfO{ g} 6'x'/f] agfPsf] xf]nf . pxfFsf]
kf6L{;Fu xfd|f] s'g} b'ZdgL 5}g, pxfFsf] kf6L{ 6'x'/f] e}lb+bf xfdLnfO{ cltl/Qm cfdbfgL ylkPsf] 5 .
pxfFsf] cfgf] ;Gtfg lsl/ofsf] 6fnf] klg a]g{ g;Sg] u/L k5fl/Psf] 5 / xfdL b'a} xftn] ck'tfnL
;f]xf]l//x]sf 5f}+ .
klxnf]kN6 dnfO{ nfUof] xfdLn] ug]{ sfd ;'Gwf/fsf df;' k;n]xsf] h:t} xf] . pgLx hlt
w]/} v;L sfl6of] Tolt w]/} v'zL x'G5g\ . xfdL klg hlt 7"nf dflg;x dfl/P Tolt g} w]/} v'zL x'g]
/x]5f}+ .
s] xfd|f] k]zfdf ;+j]bgf x'Fb}g <

h]7 * ut]
afg]Zj/ .
lk|o,
lxhf] d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ 5n{ pl3|Psf] lbgsf] pHofnf]df Fb} Fb} lx+8]sf] b]v]+ . d /f]O/x]5' eGg]
tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf ePsf] lyof] < lyPg xf]nf . af6fdf PSn} lxF8\bf g] s'/} ePg, sfof{nodf p;} klg
clxn] g' alh{t 5 . To;}n] d zjofqfsf] lsgf/df l7 plePF . dfG5]sf] Tof] ;d'b|df tkfO{+ kL8fn]
56k6fO/x]sf] ;'Gb/ df5f] h:tf] x'g'x'GYof] d]/f nflu . x'g klg dfG5] au'Gb|} e]nf ePsf lyP . Pp6f
dfG5]sf gfddf olt w]/} dnfdL x'G5g\ < cxF, d}n] t sNkgf klg u/]sL lyOg . tLg nfv dfG5]
;8sdf lx+8] eGy] xfd|f ;fyLx . xf] < xf]nf klg . d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ l8NnLahf/sf] cf]/fnf]df b]v]+ .
tkfO{+sf cfFvfaf6 c6'6 alu/x]sf] cfFz'n] d]/f] d'6' s6Ss vfof] . sxfFaf6 l5rf]Nof] lk8fn] tkfO{+nfO{ <
tkfO{+sf kfOnfx Ps tfndf lx+l8/x]sf lyP . tkfO{+sf] xft klg cl3 kl5 ul//x]s} lyof] . 3l/ 3l/
Tof] ufnfsf] cfFz' k'5\g p7\Yof] . p7]sf] Tof] xft g]tfsf] ;Ddfgdf ;nfdL lbg p7] h;/L t'Gt} tn
eml/xfNYof] .
y'k|} dfG5]x SjfF SjfF /f]O/x]sf lyP . 7"nf dfG5]x To;/L /f]Psf] t d}n] slxNo} b]v]sL lyOg
. cfk"m cf]l/kl/sf] ;+;f/nfO{ ;'g;fg x'g]u/L la;f{O lbg;Sg] s:tf] kL8f < s]6f dfG5]x dfq xf]Ogg\,
s]6L dfG5]x klg TolQs} /f]O/x]sf lyP . tkfO{+nfO{ t yfxf ePg xf]nf g]xsf] nfd x]b}{ d w]/}a]/
cf]/fnf]sf] lkknaf]6sf] rf}tf/f]df pleO/x]F . cfFvf /ftf] gePsf] t Pshgf klg lyPg .
dbg e08f/LsL cfdfn] cfgf] 5f]/fsf] lgwgdf b]z u+uf aufP/ /f]nf eGg] sNkgf ug'{ePsf]
lyof] < lyPg xf]nf .
dflg; g;lsPsf] b]Vtf Psl5gkl5 d 5Ss kg{ yfn]F . zjofqfsf] zL/ afg]Zj/ rf]sdf uP/
lalng x'Fbf;Dd klg cf]/fnf]df dflg;xsf] x'n ;lsPsf] lyPg . dflg;x nfOgdf lyPgg\ . eL8 g}
lyof] 8]9 b'O lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] . cxf] slt dxfg dfG5] < rf/ jif{ cl3;Dd s;}n] lrg]sf lyPgg\ .
d}n] s'g} c+u|]hL klqsfdf -zfob Go'hljs xf] ls _ sfn{dfS;{ lnE; Og g]kfn eg]/ dbg e08f/LnfO{
lrlqt u/]sf] cGt/jftf{ k9]sL lyPF . a]hf]8sf] lyof] Tof] cGt/jftf{ . dbg e08f/Lsf s]xL r'gfjL
efif0fx klg d}n] ;'Gg] df}sf kfPsL lyPF . n]v /rgfx klg n]Vg'x'GYof] /] pxfF . d}n] tL k9]sL 5}g .
To:tf] ;do klg x'Fb}g . bfOn] a]nf df}sfdf pxfFsf /rgfsf] af/]df atfpg] ug'{x'GYof] . elQm lyof]
bfOsf] pxfFk|lt . xfdL kl/jf/sf ;a}hgf pxfFsf] cGt/jftf{ c;fWo} rL lnP/ k9\Yof}+ .
dbg e08f/Ln] rfalxndf ug'{ePsf] efif0f d}n] ;'g]sL lyPF . cvaf/df rrf{ klg w]/} ePsf]
lyof] . dfG5]n] l6Kk0fL u/]sf lyP dbg e08f/Ln] /fhfnfO{ r'gf}tL lbof] eg]/ . t/ dnfO{ To:tf]
nfu]sf] lyPg . clxn] klg nflu/x]sf] 5}g . dbg e08f/Ln] /fhgLltsf] ;Ldf / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf]
dof{bfsf af/]df l6Kk0fL ug'{ePsf] lyof] / 7Ls} 9n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg]/ xfd|f kfsf ;Dkfbsn] klxnf]
;'gfOd} xfd|f ;fd" cfgf] lgisif{ kl:sg' ePsf] lyof] . Tof] efif0f Sof;]6df el/P/ xfd|f] sfof{nodf
cfPsf] lyof] . Tolta]n} pxfFn] cfgf] k|lts[of lbg'ePsf] lyof] . d t ;DkfbsLo zfvfsf] sd{rf/L
lyOg, t/ d pxfFs} 6]an cl3lNt/ k'u]sL lyPF . Tolta]nf pxfF cfgf ;xsdL{xnfO{ ;'gfpb}
x'gx'GYof], s:tf] rflxg] hlt zAbxnfO{ y'f y'f agfP/ jfSoxsf] dfnf pGg hfGg] dflg; /x]5
of] cab]lv o;sf] efif0f ;a} h:tfsf] t:t} n]/fpg' .
Tolta]nf t d}n] g k|lts[of lbg ;s]sL lyPF, g yk s'/f] ;f]w]/ cltl/Qm 1fg ;+sng ug{
;s]sL lyPF . 7"nf dflg;sf] s'/f] d]/f] cWoogzLn lbdfudf Pp6f csf]{ lzIff ag]/ k;]sf] lyof] .
t}klg s] xf] s] xf] nfu]/ d}n] a]n'sfsf] ;fFemdf dbg e08f/Lsf] efif0f / xfd|f ;Dkfbssf]
k|lts[ofnfO{ hf]8]/ efif0fsf] jf:tljs cy{ s] xf] eg]/ ;f]w]sL lyPF . Tolta]nf bfOn] eGg'ePsf] lyof],

/fhfn] /fhgLltdf ;s[otfk"j{s efu lng] xf] eg] hgtfn] dfg;Ddfgsf ;fy zL/df /fv]sf]
/fh;+:yfsf] k/Dk/fnfO{ kl/Tofu u/]/ /fhf, hgtfsf] 3/b}nf]df hfg'k5{, lgjf{rgsf] k|s[ofdf ;dflxt
x'g'k5{, /fh;+:yfsf kdf cfk"mn] k|fKt u/]sf ;a} ;'ljwfxnfO{ k"0f{kd} lt/:sf/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ /
hgtfsf 5f]/f c /fhgLlts sfo{stf{n] afFr]sf] h:tf] hLjg afFRg'k5{ eGg'ePsf] lyof] .
of] t r'gf}tL xf]Og . o;nfO{ /fhgLltsf] /fhdfu{ eGg'k5{ a . ;+j}wflgs /fhfn] /fhgLltdf
efu lnPsf] s'/f] sxfF k9\g kfOG5 ljZj Oltxf;df <
/fhgLltdf a]l/Pkl5 dfG5]sf] cfFvfsf] kfgL ;'Sbf] /x]5 . To;}n] Tof] k"jf{u|xL aG5 xf]nf .
x'gt d]/f] /fhgLltsf] 1fg eg]sf] 3/df bfh'sf] efif0f / sfof{nodf ;fyLxsf] l6Kk0fL dfq}
xf] . ulx/fOdf uP/ /fhgLlt ug]{ g ;f]r /x\of] g /xg] 5 . of] t vfln dbg e08f/Lsf] zjofqfsf]
bz{s eP/ lkknaf]6sf] rf}tf/f]df ple+bf cGtl/Ifaf6 p8]/ cfPsf] efjgfsf] ;fgf] 6'qmf] dfq xf] .
b'O 306fsf nflu clkm;af6 aflx/ lgl:sPsL lyPF d . 6flkms hfd egf}+ eg] zx/df 6flkms
g} lyPg . uf8Lxsf] sxfF sNkgf ug]{ < dfG5] afx]s ;8sdf s]xL 5Fb} lyPg . Ps dg nfUof]
zjofqfsf] kl5kl5 nfuf}+ ls d]/f] klg Ps yf]kf] >4fGhnL dbg e08f/Lsf gfddf kf]lvg] 5 . t/
>4fGhnL lbg klg t :jtGqtf rflxG5 . xfd|f dflnsxn] kfn}kfnf] bz/y /zfnfdf k|f0f/lxt
;'tfOPsf] dbg e08f/Lsf] clGtd bz{g u/]sf lyP, k"mn / dfnf r9fPsf lyP . /zfnfdf gbL h;/L
dflg;x alu/x]sf 5g\ eGy] xfd|f ;+jfbbftfx . dfG5] c>'k'l/t gogn] dbg e08f/LnfO{ >4fGhnL
lbO/x]sf x'Gy] xfd|f kqsf/ ;fyLx To;nfO{ k}ofFdf cg'jfb u/]/ xfd|f] :jfy{/Iff ul//x]sf x'Gy] .
tLg lbg;Dd clGtd bz{gsf nflu dbg e08f/Lsf] zjnfO{ /zfnfdf /flvof] . xhf/f}+ xhf/ g]kfnL
kfOnfx ToxfF k'u] / tL k|To]s kfOnfn] xfdLnfO{ s]xL k}of bfg u/] .
a'em\g' ef] xf]Og < ltgLxsf] ;dfrf/ 5fk]/ xfdLn] a9L klqsf lasfof}F, xfdLn] a9L lj1fkg
;+sng uof}F .
lkknsf] af]6d'lg pleg kfpFbf cfFtn] c3fpFhL clS;hg kfof] xf]nf . To;}n] Tof] Psl5g
/zfnfdf a/flnO/x\of] . gfkmfsf] ;fgf] lx;fa ;s]/ Tof] cf]/fnf]sf] lkkn af]6sf] 8Lndf cfOk'Uof] .
zjofqfsf] n:s/ ;lsPsf] lyPg . t/ Tof] w]/} kftnf] ePsf] lyof] . ca ;lsg nfu]5,
dgdg} cg'dfg u/]F . cfk"mn] hfg' k"j}{lt/ lyof] . dnfdLxsf] clGtd nx/df ;dflxt eP/ d klg
afg]Zj/lt/ nfu]+ .
d dnfdL lyOg, To;}n] d}n] uf}zfnflt/ hfg' lyPg . afg]Zj/sf] rf]sdf k'u]kl5 dnfdLx
b]a|]lt/ nfu], d bflxg]sf] af6f] ;dft]/ 3/sf] cfFugdf cf]ln{PF .
3/df leQfx afx]s c sf] lyof] / < cfdf laxfg} ufpF hfg'ePsf] lyof] . d ux'|+uf kfOnf
rfNb} clkm;lt/} nfu]+ .
d clkm;df k'Ubf cem} ;+jfbbftfx cfO;s]sf lyPgg\ . cyf{t\ ;dfrf/ aGg] qmd cf/De
e};s]sf] lyPg . /zfnfsf] l/kf]6{ lng uPsf ;+jfbbftfx;Fu ;+kfbsHo" s'/fsfgL ul//xg' ePsf]
lyof] . l/kf]l6{ ug]{ d]/f] sfd lyPg . t/ ;+kfbsn] cx|fpg' ePsf] sfd k'/f u/L cfPsL x'gfn] d ToxfF
k'u]sL lyPF . ;+jfbbftfsf] l/kf]6{ ;'g]kl5 ;+kfbsn] nfdf] ;':s]/f sf9\b} eGg'eof] dbg e08f/L g
/fhf lyP, g k|wfgdGqL g} . t/ k|hftGqsf] k'gj{xfnLkl5 g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] s]Gb|df pgL g} /x] .
d[To'df pgn] ;a}sf] dnfdLnfO{ pl5g] . ge"tf]M geljiolt .
;fFemdf clkm; kmls{Psf ;+jfbbftfxn] cfkm"n] b]v]sf] 36gfsf] ljj/0f ;'gfP . ;dfrf/
agfpg] d'8 ag]sf] lyPg s;}sf] . cfh ;fFRr} zf]sfs'n lyof] xfd|f] sfof{no . cfh Sofl06gn] klg
;a}nfO{ sfnf] lrof dfq v'jfof] . hLljt x'Fbf klg dbghLn] g} xfdLnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L ;dfrf/
lbg'eof] . xfdLnfO{ hLjgel/ g} C0f nufpg' eof] . pxfFsf] lgwgn] klg km]l/ xfdLnfO{ ;dfrf/sf]
;fu/df ;6Ss dfly lgsfNof] . oltsf lbg ;dfrf/sf] s]Gb| aGg'ePsf dbg e08f/L xfdL ;a}sf
nflu >4f / ;Demgfsf kfq x'g'x'G5 . cfpg';\, cfh xfd|f] ;DkfbsLo l6d, pxfFk|lt xflb{s >4fGhnL
ck{0f u/f}+ . k|d'v ;+jfbbftfsf] of] egfOkl5 sf]7f Psl5gsf nflu :tAw eof] . sfof{nodf
;+j]bgfsf] ;':s]/f l5/\of] .

JolQmsf] ;+j]bgf sfof{nosf] ;f;df ldl;Psf] lyof] . ;a}sf] dg b'v]sf] lyof] . t/ sfd t
ug}{kYof]{ . ;fyLx cfgf] sfddf nfUg'eof] . d e'O{+tnfsf] lr;f]df em/]+ .
e'O{+tnfdf ;Ggf6f kf]lvPsf] lyof] . Tof] lxhf] c:tL eGbf lr;f] lyof] . ;fFRr} lyof] ls d]/f]
dgn] To;nfO{ lr:ofPsf] lyof] < yfxf 5}g . d}n] cem} 8]9 306f latfpg' lyof] . c a]nfsf] 8]9
306f s]xL ldg]6 h:tf] nfUYof] . 6]lnkmf]gsf] ls/ls/nfO{ cnu cnu sf]7fxdf ;jf ul/lb+bf /
cufl8 plePsf cfuGt'ssf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lb+bf ;]s]08, ldg]6 / 306f lat]sf] kQ} x'Fb}gYof] . t/ Tof]
cf]/fnf] nfUbfsf] lbg, kfOnfUbf] eof] . cfuGt's t cfpb} cfPgg\ . 8]9 306fdf Ps hgf klg cfPgg\
. kmf]gsf] 306L klg ah]g eGbf x'G5 . 8]9 306fdf hDdf hDdL b'O6f kmf]g cfP . o:tf] t hflu/
vfPsf] lbgb]lv cfh;Dd d}n] hfg]s} lyOg .
lx+8\g] a]nfdf dgn] ;f]Wof] s] cfh sf7df08f} l;} cfo{3f6df cf]Ol/Psf] 5 <
5f]6f] af6f] rfF8} laTYof] ;w}+ . cfh af6f]n] klg ;do vfof] . lgbfpg lgbfpg vf]h]sf] lbg
w'w' /f]O/x]5 h:tf] nfUof] . dg emg emg la/l;nf] x'Fb} uof] . 3/df cfPF . cfdf cfO;Sg' ePsf]
/x]5 . Aoaxf/sf] kmGbfn] xf]nf pxfFn] d[To'sf] zf]snfO{ la;{g yfNg'eP h:tf] nfUof] . d klg
Aojxf/s} kmGbfdf kg{ kfP x'GYof], d]/f] dgn] eGof], ;fgfltgf sfddf cndlng kfP, 7"nf b'Mvxsf]
kL8f ;lDemO/xg t kb}{gYof] ls
emdSs /ft k/]kl5 a'jf 3/leq l5g'{eof] / a}7s sf]7fdf ylst z/L/ la;fpFb} eGg'eof],
uf}zfnf eGbf ptf hfg} ;lsg . htftt} dfG5] dfq} 5g\ . ljj]ssf] gfsd'v b]lvg . leq} k;]sf] xf]nf
. csf] h] ut, To;sf] klg ;f]xL ut eGg] ;f]r]/ d rflx+ uf}zfnfaf6} kmls{PF .
cfh ;+:sf/sf] lbg, a]n'sf clngf] vfg] ls cfdfn] ;fdflhs dof{bfsf] ;Demgf u/fpg'
eof] . dnfO{ nfUof] o;f] eg]/ cfdf s'g} ;gftg wd{sf] kfngf ul//xg' ePsf] 5}g . cfk"mn]
ghLsaf6 lrg]sf] g]tfsf] bfx;+:sf/df >4fGhnLsf] k"mn r9fpg] ljlzi6 z}nLnfO{ pxfFn] canDag
ug{ vf]lh/xg' ePsf] 5 .
cfh s]xL gagfp, s]xL vfg dg 5}g, a'jfn] cfdf;Fu eGg'eof], pleg] 7fpF st} 5}g
kz'kltdf . sqf] ;Ddfg g]kfnsf g s'g} /fhfn] kfP, g s'g} k|wfgdGqLn] kfP . eljiodf klg o:tf]
t gxf]nf . ;fdfGo gful/s eP/ /fh u/] dbg e08f/Ln] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf . dxfg x'g dbg
e08f/LnfO{ s'g} kb rflxPg, s'g} cf]xf]bfsf] rfFbtf]8f leg'{ k/]g . a'jfn] o;/L /fhgLltsf] ;Ddfg
u/]sf] To; cl3 d}n] ;'g]sL lyOg . To;}n] d a'jfnfO{ x]g{ Psf]xf]l/PsL lyPF . a'jfn] dlt/ kmls{+b}
eGg'eof], b]zn] olt w]/} ;Ddfg u/]sf] Oltxf; k'ifsf] >4f u/f}+ xfdL ;a} . cfh r'nf] gafnf}+ .
tkfO{+x cem} cfo{3f6af6 kmls{;Sg' ePsf] 5}g xf]nf . bfO{ klg t cfpg' ePsf] 5}g .
bfOnfO{ klv{P/ ;fFem, 9f]sf aflx/sf] kL+9Ldf al;/x\of] . 3l/ 3l/ Tof] h'Ss p7]/ cfFugsf]
pHofnf]df bfOnfO{ lgofNYof], pxfFsf] 5fofF gb]v]kl5 Tof] 6';'Ss 9f]sfsf] cf8df a;]/ 38Lsf] ;'Olt/
x]g{ yfNYof] .
cfh g k9\g dg nfUof] gt n]Vg g} . bfOnfO{ klv{P/ xfdLn] s]xLa]/ latfof}+ . pxfF gcfpg'
ePkl5 cfdfn] xfdLnfO{ Un'sf]h kfgL vfg lbg'eof] . cfh 3/df s;}nfO{ vfg dg nfUg] 5}g eg]/
pxfFn] lbpF;} ;f]Rg'eP h:tf] nfUof] .
kfgL vfPkl5 klg xfdL w]/}a]/ bfOnfO{ kv]{/ al;/x\of}+ . cxF, bfO cfpg' ePg .
s] ;fFem kg{ dWo/ft rflxG5 cfh <

h]7 @& ut]

afg]Zj/ .
lk|o,
cfh Pp6f gld7f] 36gf 36\of] clkm;df .
rls{Psf] dWofGx lyof] . ;f9] afx| ah]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] Pshgf :tDesf/ cfpg' eof] . pxfF;Fu
d]/f] /fd|f] lrghfg lyof] . To;}n] d}n] g} klxn] gd:sf/ u/]F .
gd:sf/ ;/, pxfFsf] cg'xf/ zfGt lyof], ;f}Do lyof] . pxfFn] glhs} cfP/ ;f]Wg'eof], ltdL
;~r} 5\of} < ufpFlt/ cfpg 5f]l8xfNof} . e]63f6} 5}g . cfhef]ln bfO{ stf <
cyf{t\, pxfF / d k'/fgf lrgf lyof}+ . s]6fs]6Ldf pxfFn] dnfO{ k9fpg' ePsf] lyof] . bfO
Tolta]nf P;=Pn=;L= lbg] tof/Ldf x'g'x'GYof] / d ;ft sIffsf] k/LIff lbP/ a;]sL lyPF . pxfFn]
To;}a]nf cfk"m :s"ndf k9fpg cfPsf] s'/f] xfdLnfO{ ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ufpFx Tolta]nf
pkTosfdf klg kxf8lt/s} h:tf x'Gy] . pxfFn] xfd|f a'jfcfdfxnfO{ ;d]t lrGg'x'GYof] . d}n]
P;=Pn=;L lbO;Sbf klg pxfF ToxL :s"ndf lzIfs x'g'x'GYof] . kl5 bfO / d SofDk; k9\g zx/ cfpFbf
klg pxfF;Fu xKtfdf Psfw k6s e]6 e}xfNYof], lsgeg] xfdL ljbfsf] lbg cfof] ls ufpFlt/
bf}l8OxfNYof}F . kl5 pxfF /fhgLlt / n]vglt/ nfUg'eof] . s]6fs]6Ldf xfdLnfO{ ;fx|} dfof ug]{ u'
x'g'xGYof] pxfF . To;}n] klg xf]nf, pxfFk|lt d]/f] ;Ddfgefj clns a9L g} lyof] .
bfOsf] ;jf eof], d}n] eg]+ clxn] xfdL 3/df tLg hgf dfq 5f}+ .
cfdf a'jfnfO{ d]/f] gd:sf/ ;'gfpg' x}, pxfFn] dfofn' kf/fn] eGg'eof] / ;f]Wg'eof], ltd|f]
hfuL/ oxL 6]andf :yfoL eof] ls Sof xf] <
To:t} h:tf] 5, d}n] klg dg vf]n]/ eg]+, hfuL/df dfly hfg klg prflnlbg] sf]xL x'g'kbf]{
/x]5 . sfdn] dfly hfg ;ls+bf] /x]g5 . rfs/L ug{ dgn] glbPkl5 dRrL dRrL yRrL x'Fbf] /x]5 .
;DkfbshL dfly x'g'x'G5 < ;/sf] ;f]wfOsf] cfjfh ;'Gbf dnfO{ clns cgf}7f] nfUof] . ;/
cfgf] efjgf n'sfpg hfGg'x'Gg . To;}n] pxfFsf] v'zL, l/;, cfqmf]; h:tfsf] t:t} pxfFsf] cg'xf/df
kf]ltOxfN5 .
s]xL eof] / ;/ < d}n] 8/fO 8/fO ;f]w]+ .
logLx s:tf] abfd Aofkf/L h:tf /x]5g\ n]vs vfln k};fsf nflu n]Vb}g . logLxn]
Pp6f n]vsf] xhf/ lkofF lbPsf 5g\ eGb}df n]vs logLxsf] v]nf}gf x'G5 < x'b}g . n]vssf] 5fltdf
:jfledfgsf] cfuf] aln/x]sf] x'G5 . lg/Gt/ aln/xg] Hof]lt h:tf] . To;}n] p;Fu cfTd;Ddfg x'G5 .
k};f gfy] s] xf] < cfh x'G5 ef]ln x'Fb}g . ef]ln x'Fb}g, k;L{ x'G5 . t/ dfG5]sf] ;Ddfg Tolt ;lhn/L
cfpg] / hfg] x'Fb}g . logLx t ;Demf}tf kfng ug{ klg hfGbf /x]g5g\ P
c;fWo} gld7f] nfUof] . cfgf] ;/ eP/ xf] cyjf cfgf] ufpFn] bfO{ eP/ xf] yfxf 5}g . pxfFsf]
egfO ;'Gg] lalQs} dnfO{ nfUof] xfd|} tkm{af6 pxfFsf] ckdfg x'g] s'g} sfd ePsf] 5 .
pxfFnfO{ cvaf/df n]Vg nufpg dxfef/t g} ePsf] lyof] . d]/f] / pxfFsf] lrghfg 5 eGg] t
ToxfF w]/}nfO{ yfxf lyof] . klxnf]kN6 cvaf/sf] k|d'v l/kf]6{/n] d;Fu n]vsf nflu ;/nfO{ dgfOlbg
cfu|x ug'{eof] . dnfO{ klg /fd|} nfUof] . slDtdf xKtfdf Ps lbg /fd|f] s'/f k9\g t kfOg] eof] eGg]
nfUof] . To;}n] d To;sf] nuQ}sf] zlgaf/ ufpFdf uPF . pxfF ufpFd} a:g'x'GYof] .
ltd|f dflnsx n]vssf], l;h{gfsf] ;Ddfg ug{ hfGb}gg\, pxfFn] dnfO{ ;Demfpb} eGg'eof],
pgLx kqsfl/tf ul//x]sf 5}gg\, pgLx t kqsfl/tfsf] Aofkf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . d h:tf] dfG5]
s;/L Aofkf/df l6Sg ;S5' / < Aofkf/} ug]{ eP t v]tdf wfg lyof], af/Ldf t/sf/L lyof], cf7 bz
ln6/ b'w lbg] e}+;L klg lyof] . v} d}n] s]xL ug{ ;lsg . /fhgLltd} klg d bf;tflt/ nfUg ;lsg .

b'Mv eP klg d}n] cfTd;Ddfgsf] /fhgLlt /f]h]+ . To;}n] gfgL, x'Gb]p, d ToxfF n]Vg ;lSbg . ;/n]
dfGg'ePg eGb]p, s'/f] ;lsOxfN5 .
cfgf] ;/;Fu ax; ug'{ t x'Gy]g, t}klg dgn] lht]/ d}n] eg]+, ;/, dfG5] h:tf eP klg
cvaf/ t cIf/sf] vfgL xf] . Ps}rf]6L krf; ;f7L xhf/ dfG5]n] tkfO{+sf] larf/ k9\g kfp5g\,
tkfO{+sf] s'/f] tkfO{+s} efsfdf hfGg kfp5g\ . n]Vbf s] lau|GYof] /
Kof/L alxgLsf] gfs ;dft]/ xNnfP h;/L pxfFn] d]/f] gfs ;dfpb} eGg'eof], rfFbgL, ltdL
7"nL eof}, ltdL hflu/ vfg] eof}, s]xL lbgkl5 xfdL 8f]nLdf /fv]/ ltdLnfO{ 3/ k7fp5f}+ . t/ ltdLn]
k"+hLkltsf] sfnf] dg lrg]sL 5}gf} . ltgLx n]vs snfsf/sf] dof{bf /fVg hfGb}gg\ .
To:tf] lbg cfP5 eg] r6Ss} 5f]l8lbg] lg . cflv/ ;/n] ToxfF hflu/ vfPsf] x]fOg Sof /]
xfdL hflu/]n] kf] h:tf] klg e'Qmdfg ;xg' k5{ . ;/n] t Tof] sfof{nolt/ d'v} gkmsf{P klg x'G5 .
kfl/>lds klg 3/}df k7fpg nfOlbpFnf . cyjf d} a'em]/ NofOlbpFnf, 8f]nL r9fP/ ljbf ug]{
dfOltsf] Aojxf/ kfPsf]n] xf]nf d}n] emg a9L nf8] klN6b} cg'/f]w u/]F .
ckdfg dx;'; ePs} lbg d t n]Vg 5f]l8lbpFnf . t/ Tolta]nf ltdL h:tf efOa}gLx
w'w' g]5f} . ltdLxnfO{ d}n] jfpg' x'Fb}g .
xfdL Ggf} . ;/sf] uj{ lgx'l/Pg eg]/ a xfdL cfgf] klg lz/ 7f8f] kfg]{5f}+ .
d]/f] lh2L b]v]/ ;/ 5Ss kg'{ef] .
cfh ltdL hfp, ;/n] d]/f] 6fpsf] d';fb}{ ;Demfpg' eof], ;/n] dfGg' ePg eg . eljiodf
ltd|f nflu eP klg d n]v'+nf . d}n] /fv]sf ;a} s'/fx k'/f x'G5g\ eg] d n]Vg ;S5' . t/ clxn]
pgLx;Fu oL s'g} s'/f gug'{ . ;/n] dfGg'ePg dfq eGg' .
d]/f] sfd x'g]eof] eg]/} d kmls{PF . To;lbg n]v ;Dkfbsn] dnfO{ tLg rf/ rf]6L vf]h]5g\ .
zfob pgL sfd e}xfN5 eg]/ 9'Ss} lyP . sfd ePg eGg dnfO{ dg nfu]g . To;}n] ;fFemdf d}n]
pgnfO{ kmf]g ul/g . ef]lnkN6 sfof{no uPsf] Psl5gkl5 ;Dkfbsn] s] eof] eg]/ kmf]gd} ;f]Wg'eof] .
d}n] klg ;/n] dfGg'ePg eGg] hjfkm lbPF . pxfFn] To;kl5 cfgf] sf]7fdf af]nfP/ s'/f pSsfpg' eof]
. ;/n] lsg n]Vg dfGg'ePg <
o:tf] k|Zgsf] nflu t d tof/ lyOg . t/ klg s'g} g s'g} pQ/ t lbg'kYof]{ . To;}n] d}n]
pQ/ ldnfPF, ;/, pxfF cfh;Dd s;}sf ;fd' bAg dfGg'ePsf] 5}g . zfob pxfF cfgf] afx]s c
s;}sf ;fd' zL/ klg lgx'/fpg dfGg'x'Gg . cvaf/df n]Vg yfn]kl5 dflnsxn] x]K5g\, ;Dkfbssf]
xKsLbKsL x'G5 eGg] pxfFnfO{ nfu]sf] x'g;S5 . d}n] w]/} s/ u/]F, x'Gb]p gfgL, dnfO{ k'm;{b 5}g dfq
eGg'eof] . pxfFsf] k'm;{b gx'g] t s'/f] 5}g . zfob d}n] eg]sf] gkTofPsf] xf] ls
To:tf] t lsg x'GYof] / < dfG5]x cfkm}+ n]v 5flkb] eGg cfp5g\ .
t/ pxfF To:tf] xf]Og ;/ . pxfFn] 5flkb] eg]/ s;}nfO{ eg]sf] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . ;a} pxf;Fu
dfUg} hfG5g\ / dfUg hfg]nfO{ l/Q} kmsf{Psf] klg dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . To;}n] ;/xn] cfkm}+ s'/f ubf{
zfob pxfFn] n]Vg'x'GYof] ls
7Ls 5, d s'/f u/f}+nf .
;Dkfbsn] ;/;Fu s'/f ug'{eof] . t/ s'/f] ldn]g . d}n] ;Dkfbssf] ltQmtf ;'g]+, a8f] cK7]/f]
kfl/lbg' eof] . dk|lt tkfO{+sf dflnssf] Aojxf/ ckdfghgs x'b}g eGg] Uof/]06L ug'{x'G5 < eg]/
cjfs\ kfl/lbg' eof] . d}n] sxfFaf6 Uof/]06L ug'{ cfkm}+n] krf;f}+ k6s ckdflgt x'g'k/]sf] 5 . uhasf]
dfG5] x'g'x'bf] /x]5 . cfTd;Ddfg eGbf cx+sf/ a9L eP h:tf] .
s'/f] lalu|g] kf] xf] ls eGg] 8/ dnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] . d}n] ;/nfO{ a]n'sf kmf]gaf6 sgsg klg
u/]F . gfgL, hxfF ;Ddfg x'Fb}g, ToxfF d hfg ;lSbg . ltdLnfO{ yfx} 5 . ;Dkfbsn] d]/f] cfTd;Ddfg
;'/lIft x'g] Uof/]06L u/]gg\ . d s;/L n]Vg ;S5' / < ltdL cfgf] Kof/f] ;/sf] zL/ lgx'l/Psf] b]Vg
;S5\of} <
Tof] t d b]Vg ;lSbgy]+ . t/ ;/n] n]Vg} kYof]{ .
Tof] lbg klg /ftL g} lyof] . ;/n] cfpg] xKtfb]lv n]Vg] s'/f] d}n] yfxf kfPF . ;/n] g} kmf]gdf
;'gfpg' eof] dnfO{ .

sDkgLsf dflnsn] ;/nfO{ /fqLef]hsf] lgDtf] lbPsf lyP Pp6f 7"nf] xf]6ndf . 8]:s k|d'v /
;/ cfdlGqt x'g'x'bf] /x]5 . ;/n] lbpF;} 5Ss k/]sf] :j/df dnfO{ ;f]Wg'ePsf] lyof], gfgL dnfO{
Pp6f 7"nf] xf]6ndf vfgf vfg] lgDtf] lbPsf 5g\ . ltd|f] sDklgsf dflns :jod\ cfpg] /] . d]/f] t d'6'
g} 9s\9s\ ub}{5 . pxL n]Vg] s'/fsf nflu t xf]nf .
;/, ;fx|} c//f] eP/ gfO gelGbg' xf]nf, d}n] cg'/f]w u/]F, cfgf ;a} zt{x /fVg] df}sf
oxL xf] .
Tof] /fqLef]hdf s'/f] ldn]sf] lyof] . cfk"m;Fu g;f]wL sdf klg tn dfly ug{ gkfOg] zt{
;/n] /fVg'eP5 . Tof] klg x'g] eP5 . ;/sf] af/ / l6Kk0fL /xg] :yfgsf af/]df klg ;Demf}tf eP5 .
;/n] dnfO{ eGg' ePsf] lyof] xfdL n]vsx sfg"gsf s'/f hfGb}gf}+ . of] Pp6f enfbdL ;Demf}tf
xf], t/ jfWosf/L ;Demf}tf xf] . d xKtfsf] Pp6f af/df n]V5', To;df sdf klg ;+zf]wg ug{ kfOb}g,
d]/f] n]v clgjfo{tM l;/fgdf x'g'k5{, d]/f] kfl/>lds d dflUbg, ;dodf kfOg eg] csf]{ c+sb]lv
n]lVbg, of] n]vfO d]/f] cfjZostf xf]Og, tkfO{xsf] cg'/f]w xf] eGg] tkfO{+x ;a}n] a'em\g' k5{ . s'g}
lbg d]/f] dg ckdflgt eof] eg] d ;fdfGo ;"rgf lbP/ n]vfOaf6 cnlUuG5' .
xfdL ;a} v'zL eof}+ . ;/n] n]Vg yfNg'eof] . bfOn] klxnf] csf] n]v k9]kl5 v'zL eP/
lj/f6gu/af6 kmf]g ug'{eof] . eGg'eof] pxfFn], s]6L ca ltdLxsf] klqsf klg k9\g kg]{ eof], ;/n]
lgoldt n]Vg] x'g'ePsf] xf] <
Ps jif{, ;/ / sDkgL aLr /fd|} ;DaGw /x\of] . xfdLn] klg /fd|f] n]v k9\g] df}sf kfof}+ .
cvaf/sf] lj:tf/ klg km}lnof] . xfdL ;a} v'zL eof}+ .
bz}+df ;/n] bz xhf/ k]ZsL lng'ePsf] lyof] . To;nfO{ xfdL ;a}n] :jefljs 7fg]sf lyof}+ .
a]nfdf}sfdf To:tf] e}/xGYof] . To;n] s'g} gsf/fTds kl/0ffd lgsfNnf h:tf] klg xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf]
lyPg .
t/ s'/f] lalu|P5 . ;/sf] n]v k'5f/df 5flkP5 . ca s'/f] lalu|of] eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUof] .
rfFbgL, ;/sf] kmf]g cfof] . sDkgLsf] Odfgbf/ sd{rf/L eP h;/L d]/f v'fx sfd] .
rfFbgL, b]Vof} au/] sfObf d}n] bz xhf/ k]ZsL s] lnPsf] lyPF, nft xflgxfn] ltgn] . ca
hlt ckdfg u/] klg d}n] ;xg} kg]{ eof] . lst d}n] k};f vf]h]/ C0f lkmtf{ lbg'kg]{ eof] lst lslrSs
lgx'l/P/ n]lv/xg' eof] . ltd|f ;Dkfbs sf]7fdf 5g\ <
;DkfbshL cfpg' ePsf] lyPg . t/ klg d}n] 3/}sf] kmf]g lbP/ pxfFxsf] ;Dks{ ldnfOlbPF .
cfwf 306fdf pxfFxsf] s'/f] ;lsof] xf]nf eG7fg]/ d}n] ;/sf] km]fg gDa/ lyr]+ .
s;}n] aLrdf abdf;L uof], of] uNtL g} xf], d]/f] ;d:ofnfO{ oxfFn] a'lemlbg' kof], ca o:tf]
x'g]5}g, eGg'eof] .
dfkm dfu]kl5 t n]Vg} k5{ ;/, km]l/ o:tf] bf]xf]l/of] eg] r6Ss} 5f]8\bf klg x'G5 .
;/n] n]Vg'ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 aLrdf b'O6f kf7s k|lts[ofx ;/sf] n]vsf] lj4df
5flkPsf lyP . pxfFn] b'a}k6s n]lVbg eGg'ePsf] lyof] . t/ To;nfO{ klg xfdLn] g} ;fd;'d kf/]sf
lyof}+ .
cfh s] eof] yfxf lyPg . cfh t pxfFsf] n]v 5flkg] lbg klg lyPg .
;/, s]xL eof] km]l/ < d}n] km]fg v]nfpb} ;f]w]+ .
ca ;a} ;dfKt eof], pxfFn] ulDe/ :j/df eGg'eof], cfh logLxsf] cvaf/df d]/f
lj4df b'O6f l6Kk0fL 5flkPsf 5g\ . klxnf] xf] kf7s k|lts[of . Tof] kf7s k|lts[of gSsnL xf] . d]/f]
cfg} ;fnf]sf] gfddf Tof] k|lts[of 5flkPsf] 5 . zfob gSsnL k|lts[of n]Vg] sDkgLsf] ef6nfO{ d]/f]
lax] cGt/hflto xf] eGg] yfxf lyPg xf]nf . To;}n] gldNg] hftL / y/sf] k|of]u ubf{ To;n] d]/} 3/lt/
klg tfGg;S5 eGg] ltgnfO{ yfxf kfPg . ;Fu}sf] Ao sf]nddf klg h;sf] hf} vfg] p;}sf] h'Fuf
pv]Ng] eg]/ d}n] of] cvaf/sf af/]df u/]sf] l6Kk0fLnfO{ lnP/ dgk/L n]lvPsf] /x]5 . d}n] cfgf]
n]vsf] u0fgf u/]/ k};f lkmtf{ lng' eg]sf] 5' .
sDkgLsf sf]xL 7"nfa8f;Fu s'/fsfgL ePg ;/ < d}n] 8/fO{ 8/fO{+ ;f]w]+ .

kmf]gdf s'/f u/]Fy]+ d}n] . o:tf s'/fnfO{ AolQmutkdf lnOlbg' ePg eGb} lyP . d}n] x'Fb}g
eg] . clxn] ;DkfbsnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOlbpF eg]/ cfPsf] . d ca of] klqsfdf n]lVbg .
;/sf] dg a]:;/L lkl/Psf] lyof] . Tof] hn]sf] lyof] . To;}n] d}n] km]l/ klg n]lv/xg' k5{ eg]/
yk cg'/f]w ug{ ;lsg .
d}n] ;Dkfbssf] gDa/ lyr]+ . 6]lnkmf]g p7\of] . d}n] ;/ cfpg' ePsf] s'/f] atfPF . ;fdfGotofM
e]63f6sf] ;do klxn] g} ldnfpg] rng lyof] . cfpg]x olta]nf cfp5' x} eg]/ kmf]gdf ;do lng]
uy]{ . To;}n] ;Dkfbsn] gfO{+ kf] eGg'x'g] xf] ls eGg] z+sf nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ cgf}7f] pxfFn] ;lhn/L
eGg'eof], dfly k7fOb]p g
;/ eof r9\g' eof] . dnfO{ rf} rf} nflu/x\of] . p;f] t ;Dkfbssf] sf]7fdf lbp+;f] k;]sf]
dflg; nfd} ;do ukm u/]/ kmls{GYof] . t/ cfh dnfO{ nfUof] ;/ t'Gt} kmls{g' x'G5 / ;Dkfbs;Fu
v;|f] dl;gf] u/]/} kmls{g' x'G5 .
geGb} To:t} eof] . kGw|} ldg]6df pxfF eofaf6 tn emg'{eof] . pxfFk|lt ;b\efj hfx]/ ug{ d
a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 h'Ss p7]+ . e'O+{tnfdf sf]xL lyPgg\ . d eofsf] glhs} uPF .
s] eof] ;/ < d}n] ;s]hlt ljgd| eP/ ;f]w]+ .
pxfF lvl;Ss xfF:g'eof] . cl3 hfFbfsf] cfuf] pxfFsf] cg'xf/ / dg b'a} 7fpFdf lgle;s]sf] /x]5
. d]/f] dg rf eof] .
rfFbgL, d}n] of] cvaf/df ca gn]Vg] ePF, pxfFn] ujf]{GdQ :j/df 3f]if0ff ug'{eof] . dnfO{
gld7f] nfUof] . xKtfdf Pslbg kfOg] /dfOnf] klg >f]td} ;'Sg] eP5 .

c;f/ @& ut]

afg]Zj/ .
lk|o,
cfh c;fWo} g/fd|f] nflu/x]sf] 5 . lbg t pHofn} lyof] t/ ;fFem g} /ftdf kfGtl/t eP
h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 . afSnf] /ft emg s:tf] eofjx xf]nf tkfO{+ olta]nf s] ub}{ x'g'x'G5 <
xfd|f] sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs ljdf/L x'g'eof] . cs:dft g} eGbf x'G5 . ;f]daf/;Dd /fd/L sfd
ul//xg' ePsf] lyof] . cs:dft pxfFsf] 6fpsf] b'Vof] . clkm;af6} pxfFnfO{ 8fS6/sf]df nluof] . s'g
8fS6/sf]df nluof] < xfdL h:tf ;fgf ltgf dfG5]x eP e/;s jL/ c:ktfn of lzIf0f c:ktfndf
hfGYof}+ xf]nf . xfdLn] hfg];Dd tL b'a} 7fpFdf /fd|} pkrf/ x'G5 . cyjf s'g} ;fd'bflos c:ktfndf
k'UYof}+ ls t/ 7"nf dflg;xsf] pkrf/ gl;{ xf]d / gLlh lSnlgsxd} x'G5 . /f]u ;fgf] xf];\ ls
7"nf], pkrf/ 7"n} x'g'k5{ .
dnfO{ o;n] gld7f] kf/]sf] xf]Og . u/Lasf] pkrf/ u/La} x'G5 / wgLsf] pkrf/ wgL g} x'G5 .
of] lje]bnfO{ g]kfndf /fHo, ;dfh, r]tgf ;a}n] ;sfl//x]sf] 5 . To;}n] g]kfnsf nflu of] ;f+;fl/s
lgod g} xf] . pxL /f]u nfUg] s'g} g]kfnL lhNnfsf c:ktfnxdf cf}iflw gkfP/ d5{, s'g} g]kfnL
sf7df08f}sf ;/sf/L c:ktfnxdf 56k6fO/x]sf] x'G5 eg] s'g} g]kfnL gl;{ xf]ddf cf/fdn]
klN6O/x]sf] x'G5 . oltdfq xf]Og, s'g} g]kfnL ef/t of yfONof08sf c:ktfndf :jfF:jfF jfFjfF
ul//x]sf] x'G5 eg] s'g} g]kfnL a]nfOtsf] dxf] c:ktfndf u/La g]kfnLsf] wgL k};f vr{ ul//x]sf]
x'G5 . To;}n] of] e]b b]v]/ d}n] b'Mv dfGg 5f]8]sf] w]/} eof] . efUo / sd{sf] gfddf xf]Og, xfd|f]
d'n'sdf ;Eotf / ;';+:sf/ 5}g, Ps g]kfnLn] csf]{ g]kfnLnfO{ ;3fpg] ;+:s[lt 5}g eGg] a'em]/ d}n]
dfGg 5f]8]sL x'F . juL{o ;dfhdf e]b x'G5, dflyNnf] ju{sf] dflg;n] ;'ljwfsf ;a} cf};/xsf]
;b'kof]u / b'kof]u ug]{ 5'6 kfPsf] x'G5, tNnf] ju{ cf};/ gkfP/ d[To'sf] k|ltIff ul//x]sf] x'G5 eGg]
;TonfO{ lg/fzfsf] w/ftndf d}n] ;sf/]sL x'F . bfO;Fu d]/f] hlxn] klg o;}df emu8f x'G5 . pxfF
eGg'x'G5, ;fdflhs Gofosf] s'g} ljsNk x'Fb}g . zf]if0f ;dfKt x'G5 . hflt, ju{, ;d'bfosf cfwf/df
e}/x]sf] lyrf]ldrf] ;dfKt x'G5 . ;a}n] dx;'; u/]/ o;nfO{ ;dfKt ug{ rfx] zflGtk"0f{ 9n] of] ;dfKt
x'G5, xf]Og eg] u/Laxsf] qmGbgn] cfqmf]l;t ag]sf] lx++;fsf] xltof/n] o;nfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{5 .
d t stf kf] k'u]5' yfgsf]6 lx+8]sf] dfG5] h/l;kf}jf k'u] h:tf] ufnL gug'{;\ x} s'/f]
xfd|f sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs / dflnssf] ;Gbe{df lyof] .
dflns lj/fdL x'g'eof] . pxfFsf] hfFrk8tfn eof] . 3fts /f]u nfu]sf] /x]5 . t'Gt} ck/]zg
ug'{kg]{ eof] /] . xfd|f] clkm;df d'bf{3/sf] ;Ggf6f 5fof] . /f]unfO{ e/;s n'sfpg] k|oTg ul/of] . t/
;RrfO s;/L n'S5 / < Tof] t w'/L lr/]/ klg aflx/ cfOxfN5 .
pxfFsf] 6fpsfsf] ck/]zg ug'{kg]{ eof], ;Dkfbsn] dnfO{ eGg'eof], ltdL;Fu ;f]wk'5 unf{g\
dflg;n] . tLg lbg s]xL geGg' . c:ktfndf cgfjZos eL8 x'G5 . ck/];gkl5 ;3g pkrf/ sIfdf
/fVbf cflv/ e]6g lbg] xf]Og s;}nfO{ . To;kl5 la:tf/} dfG5] x]/L x]/L hjfkm lbg' .
cfgf] bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ dnfO{ s'g} ufx|f] lyPg . Tolt;fx|f] kmf]g klg cfPgg\ . zfob 3/lt/}
;Dks{ u/]xf]nfg\ kfl/jfl/s 3]/fsf dflg;xn] . d;Fu s]xL :tDesf/n] ;f]w], s]xL ;flxTosf/n] ;f]w],
s]xL kf7s / s]xL z'e]R5'sxn] ;f]w] . d}n] pgLxnfO{ ;Dkfbsn] cx|fP eGbf b'O lbg kl5;Dd
e]6g gkfOg] s'/f] ;'gfPF+ . Toqf] 7"nf] ck/]zg, s] eGg ;lsG5 /
cnfO{ atfpg] / c:ktfn k7fpg] sfdn] dfq} cfgf] bfloTj k'/f x'Fb}gYof] . kftnf] z/L/
ePsf] xfd|f] lgb]{zssf] Aojxf/ xfd|f k|lt dfofn' lyof] . dflnskgsf] 3d08 k|foM xfdL b]Vb}gYof}+ .

To;}n] pxfFsf] kl/jf/df xfdL pxfFnfO{ g} ;a}eGbf a9L >4f uYof}{+ . To:tf] dfG5] ljdf/L eP/
klN6/x]sf] a]nf xfd|f] z'esfdgfsf] klg t vfFrf] kYof]{ lg
ck/]zgkl5sf] kfrf}+ lbg xfdL dg ldNg] s]xL sd{rf/Lx pxfFnfO{ x]g{ c:ktfn uof}+ . cgf}7f]
nfUof] xfdLnfO{ . To:tf] c:ktfn t xfdLn] slxNo} b]v]s} /x]g5f}+ . c:ktfn xf] ls xf]6]n xf] Tof],
xfdLn] 5'6\ofpg} ;s]gf}+ .
lgb]{zs cfsfz] /sf] cf]5\ofgdf ;'Tg'ePsf] lyof] . lrNnf] lyof] pxfFsf] cg'xf/ . ljdf/L
h:tf] gnfUg] . xfdL ;a} v'zL eof}+ .
xfdL ;a}n] lz3| :jf:Yonfesf] z'esfdgf r9fof}+ . pxfFn] d';'Ss xfF;]/ To;sf] k|To'Q/
lbg'eof] .
sf]7f km/flsnf] / nfdf] lyof] . sf]7fsf] k"jL{ leQfdf lj/fdLsf] ;'lsnf] cf]5\ofg lyof] . ;'lsnf]
cf]5\ofgsf] b]a|] lsgf/df l7Sssf] lk|mh /flvPsf] lyof] . zfob ToxfFleq lj/fdLn] vfg] s'/fx
/flvGYof] xf]nf . sf]7fsf] klZrdL leQfdf lj/fdL g] cfkmGtsf nflu ;'Tg] cf]5\ofg kN6fOPsf] lyof]
. Tof] cf]5\ofgsf] 5]pdf b'O6f ;f]kmfsf s'rL{ / b'O6f kmnfdsf s'rL{x /flvPsf lyP . lj/fdLsf]
kl/jf/ cfpbf ToxfF w]/}a]/ a:g ;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ To:tf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] xf]nf . c dflg;nfO{
eL8ef8 ug{ t c:ktfnn] sxfF 5'6 lb+bf] xf] / <
xfdL ;a} ltg} ;f]kmf / s'rL{xsf] 5]pdf pleof}+ . Dof8dn] xfdLnfO{ ToxlF a:g Ozf/f
ug'{eof] / cfk"m dflnssf] 5]pdf pleg' eof] .
wgL dflg;nfO{ pkrf/ ug]{ c:ktfn wgL g} lyof] . Toqf] sf]7fdf ;lhn} rf/ cf]6f
cf]5\ofgx /fv]/ w]/} lj/fdLnfO{ pkrf/ lbg ;lsGYof] . t/ ToxfF kmut Pshgfn] ;Ggf6f Fu]/
a:g'kg]{ agfOof] h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ . wGg k|s[ltn] ;fy lbPsf] /x]5 . Tof] nfdf] sf]7fsf] klZrdlt/
b'O6f 7"nf 7"nf em\ofnx lyP . em\ofn aflx/af6 cfO/xg] 6\of 6\of cfjfhn] sf]7fsf] df}gtfnfO{
6'Ss 6'Ss lxsf{P/ hLjgsf] cg'e"lt lbO/xFbf] /x]5 .
lrNnf] lyof] c:ktfnsf] sf]7f . cfhef]ln /sf] gofF k|lalw cfPsf] 5 lg sf7df08f}df . k]l/;
eGg] lrNnf], c:j:ys/ / tDtDofOnf] / ;+of]hg . xf] ToxL nufOPsf] lyof] ToxfF . ;]tf] /sf] k]l/;
ul/Psf] x'gfn] Tof] ;}x\o lyof] . lj/fdLsf] dg s;/L /dfpbf] xf] Tof] tDtDofpbf] k]l/;df x'g t xfdL
kfFr 5 xhf/ tna kfpg]nfO{ s] yfxf k]l/;sf] cfgGb < ;fFRr} To;df dfG5]sf] dg /dfp5 ls
/ h]sf] nfP klg df}g sf]7fn] dfG5]sf] dgleqsf] df}gtfnfO{ d'/L d'/L dfof kf]v]/ uDn
cFufnf] xfNYof] .
xfdL aL; ldg]6 hlt a:of}+ . l;:6/n] xfdLnfO{ w]/} eL8 gul/lbg cg'/f]w ul/g\ . xfdL a;]sf]
7fpFaf6 h'Ss p7\of}+ . lgb]{zssf] >LdtLn] dnfO{ af]nfpg' eof], rfFbgL, ltdL Psl5g otf cfp t,
;/ ltdLnfO{ sfd cx|fpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 .
em:; 8/ pld|of] z/L/df . pxfFsf] :jf:Yosf] af/]df ;f]Wg] s;}nfO{ d}n] 7Ls;Fu hjfkm kf]
lbOg ls d lgb]{zssf] glhs} uPF .
ltdLn] /fd|f] uof} . d}n] yfxf kfPF . ca s;}nfO{ g/f]s] x'G5 . s;}n] kmf]gaf6} :jf:Yonfesf]
sfdgf u/] eg] gf]6 u/]/ /fVg' / a]n'sf c:ktfndf lgl:sP/ 3/ hfg' .
x;\ ;/, d]/f] d'vaf6 /]l8of]sf] h:tf] hjfkm kmls{of] .
e]63f6 v'n]sf] 5 eGg] yfxf kfP/ xf] ls 6fpsfsf] ck/]zg u/]sf] dfG5]sf] :jf:Yosf] k|ult
s:tf] e}/x]sf] 5 eGg] rf;f] eP/ xf], To;kl5 afSn} 6]lnkmf]g cfpg yfn] . d}n] t lbg}lkR5] kf]
c:ktfn hfg'kg]{ eof] . d]/f] Ao:ttf a9]sf] b]v]/ lgb]{zsn] lgldQ lgb]{zsnfO{ d]/f nflu s]xL ;do
c:ktfnsf] hfuL/df ldnfpg] lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . d}n] ;'Gg]u/L g} pxfFn] kmf]gdf cfb]z lbg'eof],
rfFbgLnfO{ lbgx'F otf cfpg' kg]{ x'gyfNof] . ltgnfO{ tLg ah] g} clkm;af6 5'L lbg' .
;/n] bof u/]sf x'g\, dfof u/]sf x'g\ cyjf cfk"mk|lt z'esfdgf AoQm ug]{xk|lt tTsfn
cfgf] wGojfb lkmtf{ ug{sf nflu 6]lnkmf]g p7fO/xg] d h:tf] ;fdfGo sd{rf/LnfO{ cfk"m c:ktfndf
/x'Gh]n gLlh ;xfos lgo'Qm ug{ vf]h]sf x'g\, ;/n] g} hfGg] s'/f] eof] . t/ d laxfg clkm; cfpFbf

Ps bh{g ;fF3'/f cfFvfx d]/f] lzsf/ ug{ aGb's eP/ pleO/x]sf x'Gy] . slt ;fF3'/f] 5 xf]lu g]kfnL
r]tgf Tof] cfkm}+nfO{ klg ljZjf; ug{ ;Sb}g .
h] xf];\ .
d sfof{noaf6 uf8L cyjf df]6/;fOsndf c:ktfn hfGy]+ . c:ktfndf lgb]{zssf] kl/jf/sf]
s'g} g s'g} ;b:o x'GYof] . slxn] d ltg} ;b:onfO{ lbgel/sf] k|ult atfOlbGy]+ eg] slxn] l;w}
lgb]{zs;Fu s'/fsfgL uy]{+ . sltkonfO{ lgb]{zs ToxlFaf6 wGojfbsf] 6]lnkmf]g ug{ klg nfpg' x'GYof] .
a9Ldf Psfw 306f c:ktfndf latfP/ d 3/ kmls{Gy]+ .
la/fdL e]6\g hfg]xnfO{ c:ktfnsf] Aoj:yfkg yfxf x'g] s'/f] ePg . To:tf] ;f]wvf]h ug]{
s'/f] klg cfPg . t/ xKtf lbg;Dd c:ktfn wfpFbf ToxfF Psfw l;:6/x;Fu d]/f] lrghfg eof] .
cfh d tLg ah] g} c:ktfn k'u]sL lyPF . lgb]{zssf] >LdtL cfg} xftn] ljdf/Lsf nflu
df};dsf] /; agfO/xg' ePsf] lyof] . kltkTgLdf Pshgf lj/fdL ePkl5 csf]{sf] dgsf] dfof, ;fu/
h;/L pln{P/ cfp5 xf]nf . cfk"m afx]s c s;}sf] ;]jfk|ltsf] ljZjf; ;dfKt x'G5 xf]nf . gq xfd|f]
lgb]{zssL kTgLn] o:tf] ;fgf] sfddf xft xfNg] s'/fsf] sNkgf s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 / <
d}n] lgb]{zsnfO{ lbgel/sf] 6]lnkmf]gsf] l/kf]6{ u/]F . pxfFn] tLg hgfnfO{ ToxlF sf]7faf6
6]lnkmf]g ug{ cx|fpg' eof] . 6]lnkmf]gdf b'O hgf e]l6g' eof] . t]>f]nfO{ a]n'sf 3/af6 cfkm}+n] wGojfb
lbg' eg]/ cx|fpg' eof] .
rfFbgL, ltdL Psl5g a; x}, lgb]{zssL >LdtLn] dnfO{ cx|fpg' eof] . d pxL la/fdL g]
;f]kmfdf uP/ a;]+ .
t/ ;Ggf6fdf r'krfk s;/L al;/xg ;lsGYof] / < d]/f] dgn] eGof] rfFbgL, tF bDkltsf]
dfofsf] aLrdf sfF9f] ag]sL 5;\ .
Dof8d, d ptf l;:6/;Fu cndlnG5', af]nfpg] lalQs} cfOxfN5', d}n] cg'/f]w u/]F .
x'G5, hfp g, cfh ltdLnfO{ lnP/ d}n] ahf/ hfg' 5 . ;/nfO{ ef]ln 3/ nfFb}5f}+ . clnslt
lsgd]n ug'{5 . d ltdLnfO{ 3/d} 5f]l8lbpFnf .
;'Gbf cK7\of/f] nfUg] k|:tfj eP klg sd{rf/Lsf] :jtGqtf slxn] kf] lgjf{w x'GYof] / <
d l;:6/sf] sf]7fdf uPF . d eGbf yf]/} ;fgL nfUg] tL alxgL PSn} lyOg\ . pgn] lvl;Ss
xfF;]/ Pp6f s'rL{ dlt/ ;fl/lbOg\ .
tkfO{+xsf] ;/ efUodfgL x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . pxfFsf] ld;]; lbgel/ ;]jfdf al;/xg' x'G5 . xfdL
t pxL d]l8sn lx;fan] dfq} ToxfF hfFbf x'G5 .
d lv:; xf;]+ . o;sf] hjfkm s] x'GYof] / <
lbbL, tkfO{+ pxfFxsf] clkm;sf] sd{rf/L xf]Og < pgsf] k|Zg ;'g]/ Psl5g 5Ss k/]kl5
d}n] hjfkm lbPF, xf], .
tkfO{+ klg t xfdL h:t} x'g'x'Fbf] xf], To;f]eP . sfd u/]/ vfg] dfG5] .
ltgsf] s'/f] ;'g]/ d 5Ss k/]F . s:tf] k|Zg xf]nf of] <
xf] .
tkfO{+sf] ;/nfO{ pxfFsf] ld;]; dxf] dxf] s'/f dfq} v'jfpg' x'G5 . ;:t}df pxL s'/f kfpbf
klg dx} vf]Hg' x'G5 . d}n] w]/}rf]6L Vofn u/]F g]kfndf kfOg] ;a}eGbf dxf] la:s'6 dfq} v'jfPsf]
b]V5' . :ofp klg l8kf6{d]06n :6f]/sf] dfq} lsg]/ NofPsf] b]V5' . o:tf] lsg ePsf] xf]nf <
d emg 5Ss k/]F . dnfO{ g} yfxf 5}g lsg To:tf] ePsf] xf]
o:tf dflg;xn] ;fdflhs sfo{df yf]/} nufgL ul/lbP slt dflg;sf] sNof0f x'GYof] <
grflxg] 7fpFsf] vr{ s6fP/ rflxg] 7fpFdf nufOlbP o:tfxsf] slt xfO xfO x'GYof]
d}n] l;:6/sf] cg'xf/df bfO xfFl;/x]sf] b]v]+ .
ltd|f] 3/ 6f9f xf] <
w]/} 6f9f tkfO{+sf] t sf7df08f}d} xf]nf xf]Og <
d}n] 6fpsf] xNnfP/ xf] eg]kl5 pgn] elgg\, xfd|f] 3/ w]/} 6f9f k5{ . ef]hk'/ xf], ef]hk'/df
klg ;b/d'sfd eGbf w]/} 6f9f ====

ltgL af]Nb} uOg\ . gbL h:t} lyof] ltgsf] af]nL . 7fpF 7fpFdf emgf{x e]l6Gy] . t/ ltgsf]
cfjfh 7"nf] x'Fb}gYof] . emgf{ t 55 u/]/ aU5 xf]Og / . t/ ltgsf] emgf{df 55kgf x'Fb}gYof] .
Tof] gbL h:t} zfGt lyof] ===
d}n] )$( ;fndf xfO:s"n kf; u/]F . b'O jif{ ldlxg]t u/]/ gl;{ k9]+ . oxfF sfd u/]sL 5' .
;a}n] 7"nf] c:ktfn eG5g\ . ;f9] rf/ xhf/ kfpF5' . efO / d a;]sf 5f}+ . efOnfO{ OlGhlgo/ agfpg]
;kgf 5 . cfO= P:;L= lbof] . k9fO /fd|f] 5 . t/ ;a}yf]s eg;'gdf rN5 eG5g\ . cfgf] t To:tf]
elglbg] / ;'lglbg] sf]xL 5}g . tkfO{+ t sf7df08f}sf] dfG5] . lrGg'x'G5 xf]nf w]/}nfO{ == . ;xof]u dfu]+
eg] lbg'x'G5 <
l;:6/ lyOgg\ ltgL . ltgL Tolta]nf ldu{ ePsL lyOg\ . cfFvfdf clnslt 8/ lyof], clnslt
UnfgL, clnslt lk8f, clnslt ;':s]/f / 5]pdf ;fgf] cfzf
lgb]{zssf] >LdtLn] 9f]sf 9s\9SofPsf] x'gfn] xfd|f] s'/f] c8\lsof] . pbf; dg af]s]/ lg:sg]
a]nfdf d}n] ltgnfO{ eg]+, a}gL, ltdLn] sf7d08f}df d]/L Pp6L lbbL 5 eg]/ ;lDemg' x} . d
a]nfdf}sfdf ltdL;Fu e]6f}+nf . Pslbg ltdLnfO{ d xfd|f] 3/ b]vfpnf . cK7\of/f] gdfgL cfpg] hfg] ug'{
. d]/f] bfO x'g'x'G5 ltdL h;/L g} ;f]Rg] . ltd|} lhNnfsf] x'g'x'G5 d]/f] efjL >Ldfg, pxfFsf] dg klg
ltd|f] h:t} 5 . ltdLn] dnfO{ cfg} 7fGg' . d xfd|f] ;/;Fu ltd|f] efOsf] af/]df cg'/f]w u/fF}nf . ltd|f]
:ofxf/ ;';f/af6 pxfF v'zL x'geof] xf]nf eGg] nfU5 . pxfFaf6 x'g;Sg] ;xof]u kSs} x'G5, d}n]
xf}l;P/ ;a} s'/f] Ps}rf]6L ;SofPF .
lar/L ltgsf] cfFvfn] d]/f] rf;f]nfO{ d'/L d'/L wGojfb lbof] .
lsgd]ndf dnfO{ d]/f] hflu/n] l3;f/\of] . d]/f] dgsf] l;p+bf] t cl3 g} k'l5O;s]sf] lyof] .
3/ cfOk'Ubf ;fFem cf]ln{g vf]Hb} lyof] . o:tf] cK7\of/f] 38Ldf bfO g} d]/f] cf8 x'g'x'G5 eGg]
t tkfO{+nfO{ yfx} 5 . t/ cfh bfO klg 3/df x'g'x'GgYof] .
d sf]7fdf k;]+ . Tof] klg pbf; lyof] .
tkfO{+nfO{ ;Demgf 5 < xfd|f] :g]xaGwgsf k|f/lDes lbgxdf tkfO{+n] cfgf] kxf8sf] 3/af6
Pp6f lr7L k7fpg' ePsf] lyof] . d]/f] dgn] eGof] ToxL lr7L k9]/ dg a'emf .
tkfO{+sf ;a} lr7Lx htg u/]/ /fv]sL 5' d}n] . tkfO{+n] n]Vg'ePsf] lyof],
rfFbgL,
cfh d ;+;fl/s df]xaf6 d'Qm ePF . cfdfsf] sfd ;lsPkl5 dnfO{ nfUof] of] ;+;f/;Fu} d]/f]
df]x e eof] .
sf7df08f}af6 p8\bf cfdf ladf/ x'g'x'G5 eGg] d}n] yfxf kfO;s]sf] lyPF . t/ pxfF slQ ljdf/
x'g'x'G5 eg]/ dnfO{ s;}n] eg]sf lyPgg\ . kf]xf]/ dfq} a'jfsf] d[To'n] unfPsf] pxfFsf] z/L/sf] 3fp !*
dlxgfkl5 alNemP5 eGg];Dd nfu]sf] lyof] .
cfgf] hGdynf] hfFbf hlxn] klg dg rf x'GYof] d]/f] . hxfhsf] pQ/klsf] kFv]6flt/ a;]/ d
ofqfel/ lxdfn lgofnL /xGy]F . k}+lt; ldg]sf] Tof] p8fO d]/f] 3/nfO{ la:tf/} gf3]/ k"j{lt/ nfUYof] . 3/
dfly cfOk'Ubf Kof/f;'6 eP d oxlF emg]{ lyPF eg]/ d]/f] dg k'nlst x'GYof] . t/ d}n] Kof/f;'6sf af/]df
of]hgf agfpg kfpbf gkfpb} xjfOhxfh WofRr /f]lsP h;/L cfsfzd} c8lsGYof] . cfFvf cufl8
5f]6f] xjfOd}bfg b]lvGYof] . hGdynf]sf 3fF;xdf 6]Sb} d cfgf] 3/ hfg] cf]/fnf]lt/ nfUy]+ .
gbLsf] bf]efgaf6 af6f] psfnf] nfUYof] . bf]efgdf cfPkl5 d hlxn] klg cfwf 306f;Dd
k'ndf pleGy]+ . s]6fs]6Ldf oxLFsf] kfgLn] d]/f] z/L/ l;Fr]sf] lyof] eGg] ;Demgfn] d]/f] z/L/df /utsf]
gofF eNsf] ylklbGYof] .
a'jf v:bf olQ w]/} rf]6 dx;'; u/]sf] lyOg d}n] . a'jfsf] pd]/ klg kfsf] e};s]sf] lyof] /
ca hfg] lbg cfP eg]/ a'jfn] w]/}k6s elg;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . a'jf hlxn] klg cfdfsf sf/0f lrlGtt
x'g'x'GYof] . ;f}t]gL dfDnf] lyof] 3/df . bfOx cfdfnfO{ plQ;fx|f] /fd|f] dfGg' x'GgYof] . cfgf] ;DklQ
vfg cfPsL cfOdfO{ eg]/ e/;s lsgf/} nfpg vf]Hg'x'GYof] . d cfgf] v'fdf pleg ;Sg] e};s]sf]

lyOg . a'jf hlxn] klg PsfGtdf dnfO{ eGg'x'GYof], t]/f bfOxsf] dlt 7Ls 5}g . 5ftL km/flsnf]
5}g . d gePkl5 cfdfn] w]/} b'Mv kfp5] . t]/f] v'f] cl8g] ePkl5 hfg kfP x'GYof] h:tf] nfU5 . t/
d/0f sxfF cfgf] xftdf x'G5 / < dflyaf6 af]nfx6 cfpg] lalQs} kl/jf/ jfpFb} lx+l8xfNg' k5{ .
To;}n] Vofn /fv]; cfdfsf] . c+z /fd/L 5'6\ofOlbPsf] 5' . t]/L cfdfsf] gfpFdf hLpgL 5 . tF /
efOsf] ;uf]ndf xflnlbPsf] 5' . t]/f ;a} bfh'xnfO{ 5'LleGg ul/lbO;s]sf] 5' . 3/L 3/L nfU5
t]/L cfdf;Fu lax] u/]/ d}n] To;dfly 7"nf] cGofo u/]F .
d afnfO{ zfGTjgf lbGy]+ . a'jf / cfdfsf] pd]/sf] aLrdf @* jif{sf] cGt/ lyof] . a'jfn] Tof]
s'/f ug'{ x'Fbf pxfF pgf;L jif{sf] x'g'xGYof], cfdf e/v/ PsfpGg nfUg' ePsf] lyof] . d aL=sd= k9\b}
lyPF / efO gf} Snf;df ufpFd} k9\b} lyof] .
a'jf ToxL ;fn hfg'eof] . dfgl;s ;Gtfkn] klg pxfFnfO{ rfF8} nUof] .
a'jfsf] z/L/ gbL lsgf/sf] zf]nfdf r9\g EofpFbf gEofpFb} 3/leq emu8fsf] la/fnf] k:of] .
7"nL cfdflt/ tLg hgf bfh'x x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFxn] xfdL a;L cfPsf] d"n3/ sAhf ug{ vf]Hg' eof] .
ufpFn]x b'Olt/ afFl8P . sf]xL xfd|f eP, sf]xL pxfFxsf eP . an pxfFxs} a9L lyof], ufpFdf xfd|f]
eGbf a9L k|efj pxfFxs} lyof] . xfdLn] 3/ 5f]8\g] kl/l:ylt cfof] .
To;af6 xfdL 6of}+ . d}n] ltdLnfO{ Pp6L lbbL;Fu lrghfg u/fPsf] lyPF . pxfF d]/L ;f}t]gL
cfdfsL 5f]/L x'g'x'G5 / pxfF dfly klg ;f}tf yf]kl/Psf] 5 . pxfFn] ;f}t]gLkgsf] lk8f a'g' ePsf] /x]5
. pxfFn] bfh'xsf] ;ftf] vfg'eof] / a'jfn] u/]sf] aGbf]a:t tnfdfly gkfg{ xsfg'{ eof] . bfOxn]
lbbLsf] s'/f] sf6\g ;Sg'ePg .
t/ cfdfnfO{ ;tfpg pxfFxn] 5f]8\g' ePg . cfg} la/xsf] 3/ ePsL lbbLn] sltGh]n kf]
cfdf dfly ;xfg'e"lt vGofpg ;Sg'x'GYof] / < cfdfsf cFWof/f lbgx aflSn+b} uP . hLjg 6]sfpg]
pxfFleqsf] cfTdljZjf; ;'Sb} uof] . pxfFn] hLjgaf6 labf lng] lg0f{o ug'{eof] .
t/ d of] nfdf] kl/jt{gaf6 c1fg /x]F . d;Fu ljbf x'g dfq cfdf cf]5\ofgdf ;'lt/xg' ePsf]
/x]5 . 3/df cfOk'u]sf] ck/fGx dfq d}n] ;RrfO yfxf kfPF . ToxL ;fFem d}n] dgdg} cfdfnfO{ ljbf u/]F
.
cfdf hlt lbg afFRg'eof], ToltGh]n xfdLn] pxfFsf] ;]jf uof}+ . xfdLn] pxfFnfO{ 8fS6/ gePsf]
c:ktfndf nu]gf}F . ahf/sf] sDkfp08/nfO{ af]nfP/ ;s];Ddsf] cf}ifwL pkrf/ uof}+ . t/ xfd|f] k|oTg
Aoy{ eof] . cf7f}F lbgsf lbg cfdf xfdL;Fu ljbf x'g'eof] . / ljbf x'Fbf cfdfn] d]/f] efOsf] xft d]/f]
sfvdf NofP/ d]/f] lhDd]jf/L af]w u/fOlbg' eof] .
rfFbgL, d]/f] cg'/f]wnfO{ cGoyf g;Dem] . xfdLn] Ps csf{nfO{ k|]d uof}F . xfdLn] slxNo} Ps
csf{;Fu s'g} s'/f] n'sfPsf 5}gf}F . xfdLn] Ps csf{nfO{ b'Mv / ;'vdf ;fy lb+b} klg cfof}F . To;}n] d}n]
olt eGg] ;fx; ;Fufn]sf] x'F .
kxf8df xfd|f] gfddf hUufhdLg xf]nf . t/ ca xfdL la:yflkt eof}+ . efOn] P;= Pn=
;L=kf; uof] . p;nfO{ k9fpg oft d}n] lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfddf 8]/f lng'k5{ of d}n] p;nfO{
sf7df08f}df cfkm}+;Fu /fVg'k5{ . efOnfO{ d 5f]8\g ;lSbg / p;nfO{ lnO/fVg dl;t t]>f] af6f] 5}g .
efO klg ufpFaf6 pv]lnPkl5 xfd|f] gfddf ePsf] hUufhldg xfd|f] x'g]5}g . Tof] bfOxsf] anft\
sAhfdf kg]{5 . d}n] h;nfO{ sdfpg lbP klg Psfw jif{ cGgsf] k};f cfpnf, To;kl5 Tof] ;bfsf
nflu ;dfKt x'g5
] . To;}x'gfn] ;+s6sf 38Ldf d / d]/L cfdfnfO{ ;fy lbg] ltg} lbbLnfO{ d}n]
hUufhldg ;'lDkg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5' . cfgf bfh'efOnfO{ lt/:sf/ u/]/ ljdftfsf] ;fy lbg] Gofolk|o
lbbLn] Tof] hUuf kfpg' eof] eg] pxfFsf] hLjg clxn]eGbf ;'vL x'g]5 . d / efO klg ;Tsd{df
a'jfcfdfsf] ;DklQ nufgL ePsf] 5 eg]/ ;w}Fel/sf nflu 9'Ss x'g]5f}F .
To:tf] cj:yfdf sf7df08f}sf] d]/f] ef}lts cfwf/ ;fF3'/f] x'G5 . ltdLnfO{ yfx} 5 d clxn]
;f9] kfFr xhf/ sdfp5' dlxgfsf] . cfh;Dd d}n] cfdf / efOsf nflu dlxgfsf] vr{ 5'6\ofpg' k/]sf]
lyPg . o;f] rf8af8sf] vr{ 5'6\ofP k'Ub}lyof] . t/ ca To:tf] x'Fb}g . d;Fu efO x'g]5 / p;sf] b}lgs
vr{sf] Aoj:yf d}n] g} ug'{kg]{5 . u/LaLsf] lk8f s:tf] x'G5 eGg] d}n] klxnf] k6s sf7df08f} cfpbf g}
dx;'; u/]sf] lyPF . laxfgsf] lrofdf lrgL tf}n]/ xfNg] afgL a;fNg' k5{ . eft ksfpbf lunf;df

e/]/, gdl/xfNg] lx;fan] rfdn /fVg] afgL a;fpg' k5{ . bfn, eft, t/sf/L, crf/ eGg] vfB kbfy{
;kgfsf] syf x'G5 . PSn} x'Fbf ;fyL;Fu ldn]/ a;]sf] lyPF d . vr{ hf]luGYof] . efOnfO{ NofPkl5 d}n]
PSn} a:g'k5{ . To:tf] cj:yfdf ;f9] kfFr xhf/ b'O hgfsf nflu clgsfnsf] vr{ dfq x'G5 .
efO d]/f] lhDd]jf/L xf] . cfdf hfg' eP/ dfq d}n] pk|lt bof b]vfPsf] xf]Og . of] ljZjdf ca
xfdL bfh'efO{ g} ;a} xf}+ . xfd|f] g ;dfTg] xfFuf] 5, g 6]Sg] 8fnf] . To;}n] efO / d}n] cfkm}FnfO{ xfFuf] /
8fnf] b'a} agfpg' k/]sf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf d}n] vfhf gvfP/, n'uf gnfP/ eP klg efOnfO{ /fd|f]
lzIff lbg'k/]sf] 5 . p;sf] Tof] xs xf] . ;fwf/0f :s"ndf k9]/ klg p;Fu af]l8{ :s"nsf ljBfyL{nfO{
k/flht ug]{ Ifdtf 5 . o;}kflnsf] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffdf p;n] cfgf] Ifdtf k|blz{t ul/;s]sf] 5 . d
p;nfO{ 8fS6/ cyjf OlGhlgo/ t agfpg ;lSbg xf]nf, t/ d}n] p;nfO{ ;s];Ddsf] /fd|f] lzIff
lbg}k5{ . cfk"mnfO{ aGws /fv]/ eP klg d}n] p;nfO{ c;n lzIffsf] prfOdf k'ofpg} k5{ .
o:tf] cj:yfdf rfFbgL d}n] ltdL;Fu dfkmL dfUg'k5{ . d]/f nflu rf/ kfFr jif{ k|ltIff u/ eGg]
cGwf] :jfy{sf] k|bz{g d ug{ ;lSbg . clxn] g} ltdL aL; jif{sL e};s]sL 5\of} / Psfw jif{kl5
a'jfcfdfn] ltd|f] ljjfxsf nflu cfQ'/L ug'k5{ . Tolta]nf d}}n] ltd|f] ljjfx /f]Sg] k|:tfj u/]F eg]
ljj]shL / d]/f] ldqtfdf klx/f] hfG5, d}n] cfdfa'jfsf] dfofaf6 kvflnP/ lsgf/ nfUg'k5{ . ;+;f/df
PSnf] e};s]sf] d Tof] :g]xaf6 al~rt x'g rfxGg . To;}n] ltdLnfO{ kvf{pg] cg}lts cfu|x d}n] kfNg}
x'Fb}g . ltdLn] d ;lDemP/ cfgf] lhGbuLnfO{ PSNofpg' x'Fb}g . hxfF h:tf] cj:yfdf eP klg xfdL
c;n ;fyL eO/xg ;S5f}+ . To;}df d}n] ;Gtf]if dfGg'k5{ .
kl/l:yltn] d]/f ;fd' pEofPsf kvf{nxnfO{ ltdLn] b]Vg]5\of}, dnfO{ dfkm ug]{5\of} / d]/f]
efOsf] pHofnf] eljiosf] sfdgf ug]{5\of} eGg] ljZjf;sf ;fy,

c;f/ @* ut]
afg]Zj/ .
lk|o,
Tolta]nf tkfO{+sf] lr7L k9]/ d yfx} gkfO{ /f]PsL lyPF . efOalxgLnfO{ bfh'lbbLxn] dfof
u5{g\ eGg] yfxf lyof] . bfOn] klg dnfO{ dfof g} ug'{x'GYof] . t/ efOalxgLsf nflu bfh'lbbLxn]
cfgf] :jfy{nfO{ s;/L ltnfGhnL lb+bf /x]5g\ eGg] 1fg kfPsL lyPF / lk8fn] xf]Og, uj{n] /f]PsL lyPF
d . Tof] kq g} d]/f nflu xfd|f] ;DaGwsf] lg0ff{os kq e}lbof] . Tolta]n}, kq k9\bf k9\b} tkfO{+sf] kljq
p2]Zodf d}n] ;fy lbg'k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] / ;fy kfpg] lalQs} xfd|f] kljq k|]d emg pHofnf]
x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; lyof] .
Tolta]nf, tkfO{+sf] lj/l;nf] kq kl9/x]sf] a]nf d]/f cfFvf /;fPsf eP klg tL tkfO{+sf]
Tofusf] /fkn] pHofnf ePsf lyP xf]nfg\ . t/ tL c:ktfnsL l;:6/n] cfh dnfO{ a]:;/L jfOg\ .
kL8fn] g} jfOg\ . lax]sf] pd]/ e};s]sf] 5 pgsf] . zfob pgsf] hLjgsf] af6f]df sf]xL k|]dL d h;/L
g} lIflth x]/]/ pleO/x]sf] klg xf]nf . cfgf] k|]dLsf] ;Demgf ug]{ k'm;{b klg gx'Fbf] xf] pgnfO{ zfob .
7"nf] c:ktfn, wgLdfgL ljdf/Lx, ;]jf cg'ksf] kfl/>lds gkfP klg 7"nfxsf] ;]jf ubf{ kl5
efOsf nflu s]xL ug{ ;lsG5 ls eGg] pgsf] rfxgfn] pgsf] cfg} k|]dLk|ltsf] k|]d klg vf] ePsf]
xf]nf zfob
To;}n] d}n] cfgf] lgb]{zs;Fu cg'/f]w u/]/ eP klg tL a}gLnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ 6'f] u/]F . olt
u/fF}nf eg]/ d}n] ltgnfO{ jrg ;d]t lbO;s]sL 5' . lgb]{zsn] ;xof]usf] cfZjf;g lbg'x'G5 eGg]
s'/fdf d 9'Ss} ePsL 5' . x]/f}F, d]/f] ;xof]u sfd nfU5 ls nfUb}g
tL alxgLsf] Pp6f ;xf/f t d ePF, t/ Tolta]nf tkfO{+;Fu s]xL lyPg, tkfO{+sf] sf]xL lyPg .
clxn] h;/L 5\of:5\of:tL :s"nx klg v'n]sf lyPgg\ . p;dfly rf/ jif{ efOn] sfd ug'{x'Fb}g eGg]
tkfO{+sf] alnof] cfu|x lyof] / d Tof] cfu|xnfO{ 3fOt] agfpg g;Sg] cj:Yfdf lyPF . To;}n] tkfO{+sf]
;xof]uL x'g'ePsf] bfOnfO{ tkfO{+sf] kq k9\g lbPF . bfOn] kq dnfO{ g} lkmtf{ lbFb} eGg'eof]
JolQmk|ltsf] lhDd]bf/Laf]wn] b]zk|ltsf] lhDd]bf/Laf]wnfO{ 6]jf lbG5 . dnfO{ nfU5 t}Fn] of] kqsf]
dfg /fVg'k5{ / k|tLIffdf s]xL jif{ latfpg' k5{ . p;} klg cfhsf] hdfgfdf lajfxsf] pd]/ eg]sf]
rf}la; klRr; jif{ g} xf] .
tkfO{+nfO{ ;Demgf 5 < tkfO{+x 3/af6 kmls{Pkl5 d}tLb]jLdf cnUu} 8]/f lnP/ a:g
yfNg'ePsf] lyof] . tkfO{+ ;fyLx;Fu ldl;P/ a:bf t d tkfO{+sf] sf]7fdf hfg cGsgfpy]+ . t/ 3/af6
kmls{P/ cfpg] lalQs} bfO, tkfO{+ / d a;]/ xfd|f] efjL hLjgsf] 6'f] u/]kl5 d b'a} kl/jf/df ljeflht
e};s]sL lyPF . tkfO{+ efO;Fu PSn} a:g yfNg'ePkl5 Tof] sf]7fdf d]/f] xs nfUof] eG7fg]+ d}n] . To;}n]
d df}sf ldNof] ls k'mQ 8]/fdf k:y]+ .
zfob Tof] laxfgnfO{ tkfO{+n] lal;{lbg' eof] xf]nf . Tolta]nf tkfO{+x eft vfg l7Ss
kg'{ePsf] lyof] . d k'mQ k;]F . efOn] ;fx|} cK7\of/f] dfGg'eof] . tkfO{+n] klg cfgf] cK7\of/f]nfO{
n'sfpg vf]Hg'eof] h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ . tkfO{+xsf] eftsf] efF8f] l/Qf] lyof] . afF8]/ tkfO{+xn] yfndf
eft kl:s;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . Tolt eftn] ef]s d/] klg l7Ss}, gd/] klg l7Ss} x'g'kYof]{ . d}n] lgofn]/
x]/]+ tkfO{+n] cfgf] yfndf eft yf]/} kl:sg' ePsf] lyof] / efOsf] yfnsf] eftnfO{ r'nL gagfP/ yf]/}
agfpg] sf]lzz ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
efOn] cK7\of/f] dfg] klg d tkfO{+xn] vfPsf] x]/]/ al;/x]F . s]xL ;dokl5 oxL d]/f] 3/ x'g]
xf], oxL Aojxf/df d}n] leHg'k5{, cfg} ljdft[ bfh'xsf] Aojxf/af6 If'Aw ePsf] ;fgf] efOnfO{ d}n] g}
nfdf] ;do;Dd ufpFd} 5f]l8PsL lbbLsf] dfof lbg'k5{ eGg] efjgfn] dnfO{ ToxfF a;fO/x\of] . t/ eft

vfO/x]sf efOsf] 6fpsf] g} p7]g . efOsf] af]lemn cg'xf/sf sf/0f tkfO{+n] klg c a]nf h:tf] v'n]/
s'/f ug'{ePg .
d}n] Tof] a}gLnfO{ ToxL lbgsf] lrqdf ;lDemPF . ltgsf] efO{ ef]sfpbf] xf] eg]/ zfob lbbLn]
w]/} efu eft efOsf] yfndf xflNb+bL xf]lng\ . efOnfO{ lbbLsf] ;'s]sf] z/L/ b]v]/ vfg cK7\of/f] nfUbf]
xf] . lbbL efOsf] eljio lgofNbL x'g\ . efO lbbLsf] jt{dfgl;t nhfpFbf] xf] .
ltgsf] klg sf]xL d h:t} Pp6f z'efsf\5L e}lbP Tolta]nf d]/f] efjgf slNkPsf] lyof] .
cxf] hLjg slQ lgi7'/L x'g ;Sbf] /x]5 . xfd|f] lgb]{zssf] Ps lbgsf] vr{n] tL lbbLalxgLn]
b'O{ dlxgf 6fg'{ kg]{ /x]5 . lar/f ltgLx dWo sf]xL Pshgf ljdf/L kof] eg] p;n] klg tkfO{+s}
cfdfsf] h:tf] d[To' axg ug'{kbf]{ xf]
tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5 < tL lbbLefOsf klg sf]xL 5}gg\ . tkfO{+n] ljdf/Lsf sf/0f cfgf cfdf /
a'jfnfO{ u'dfpg' k/]sf] lyof] Tolta]nf . lar/f clxn] ltgLxn] t cfuf] lgsfNb} k8\lsg] aGb'ssf
sf/0f cfgf] ;a}yf]s u'dfpg' k/]5 .
cfh km]l/ d ;w}Fsf] ;do kf/]/ c:ktfn uPsL lyPF, ltg} alxgLnfO{ e]6\g / ltgnfO{ xfd|f]
3/df lgDtf] lbg . ltgL cfh clnslt k'm;{bdf lyOg\ lsgeg] xfd|f] lgb]{zs ;'Tg'ePsf] dxf] ljdf/L
sf]7f clxn] PSn} klN6O/x]sf] lyof] / ltgsf] Pshgf bfloTj 36]sf] lyof] . d}n] ltgLl;t cfgf]
3/af/sf af/]df ;f]w]sL lyPF . pgn] elgg\, of] ;+;f/df ca xfdL lbbLefO dfq 5f}+ . dfjnL x'g'x'G5,
sfsf sfsL klg x'g'x'G5 t/ xfd|f nflu xfdL dfq} 5f}+ . kx|f/ ;fn dfcf]jfbL kIfn] ;'/fsL eg]/ d]/f]
a'jfsf] xTof uof] . of] ;fn dfcf]jfbLnfO{ eft vfg lbg], 3/df n'sfpg] eg]/ ;/sf/L kIfn] d]/L
cfdfsf] xTof uof] . xfd|f cfkmGtx xfdL;Fu ;fx|} 8/fPsf 5g\ . xfdL e'tk|]t h:t} ePsf 5f}+
pgLxsf nflu . xfd|f sf/0f dfcf]jfbLn] pgLxnfO{ nv]6\5g\ eGg] 8/n] rf}lj;} 306f tl;{O/xG5g\
pgLx . a'jfsf sf/0f dfcf]jfbLn] ltgnfO{ ;tfO/x]s} 5g\, ;/sf/n] klg cfdfsf] sf/0f b]vfP/
pgLxnfO{ ;tfO/x]sf 5g\ . xfdL pt} a;]sf] eP zfob pgLx g} lhNnf 5f]8]/ ef/tlt/ a;fOF{
;l/;s]sf x'Gy] . To;}n] pgLxn] xfdLnfO{ ufpF gcfpg', 3/af/L / pAhgLsf] lrGtf gug'{ eg]/
cg'/f]w k7fPsf 5g\ . xf]nf, pgLxsf] klg cK7]/f] eg]/ xfdL oxfF v'lDrPsf 5f}+ . cflv/ ufpFdf ca
5 g} s] / < yf]/} af/L 5 sfsfxn] b'O rf/ k};f k7fOlbg' xf]nf . clnslt v]t 5 dfdfxn]
a]rlavg u/]/ clnslt k}ofF k7fOlbg' xf]nf . k7fOlbg' ePg eg] klg s] dg b'vfpg' / < cflv/
cfk"mnfO{ hGdlbg] afa'cfdf t u'dfpg' kof] eg] gfy] Psrf]S6f] af/L / rf/ ux|f v]tsf] s] nf]e
d}n] ltgsf] nfd} b'v];f] ;'g]F . ltgL clnslt xn'f] eOg\ ls h:tf] nfUof] . d}n] ltgsf] yf]/}
ef/L ce/ u/]F ls h:tf] nfUof] .
cfwf 306f tL a}gL;Fu latfP/ lg:sg] a]nfdf d}n] pgnfO{ km]l/ ;DemfPF, cfpg' lg of]
5'Lsf] lalxaf/, efOnfO{ klg lnP/ cfpg' .
cfsf; ljlrq} 9n] ;kmf ePsf] 5 cfh . c;f/nfO{ t avf{ elgGYof] plxn] xfdL s]6fs]6L
5Fbf . of] ;fn t c;f/] kGw| klg lxnf]df ntkltPg . emf/{e'm/{ cf]Ol/g] kfgLnfO{ s] em/L eGg' < c;f/
;fpgdf cfsf;df tf/f b]lvg' ck;u'g xf] eGg'x'GYof] xfd|f] xh'/af . tkfO{+ klg 5tdf plSng' ePsf]
eP tf/fxnfO{ nfddf uGg} yfNg'x'GYof] xf]nf . s] xfdL ck;u'gsf] ljkQLlt/ u}/x]sf 5f}F <
/fhgLlt ug{ d}n] of] s'/f] pSsfPsL xf]Og . lsg aGb's k8\lsG5 ;w}Fel/ s'7fpFdf < dfG5]n]
dfG5]nfO{ ;fyL dfg] aGb's rflxGYof] xf]nf < rflxFb}gYof] . d]/f] kl/jf/df s;}nfO{ aGb's rflxFb}g .
tkfO{+sf] dgn] klg aGb's vf]h]g . emu8fsf] ;f6f] Tofu u/]/} cfk"mnfO{ tkfO{+n] dxfg agfpg' eof] .
clxn] t bfh'x tkfO{+;Fu l/;n] d'd'{l/g' ePsf] xf]nf, t/ ef]ln pxfFxn] tkfO{+sf] dxfgtfnfO{
gd:sf/ ug'{x'g]5 . efOsf] k9fO{ ;lsPkl5, efOsf] st} hfuL/ ePkl5 cfk"maf6 ePsf] cGofo
pxfFxsf] dlyndf e'n's\ e'n's\ plk|mg]5 . plk|mPg eg] klg tkfO{+ xfd|f] s] lau|G5 / <
xf]nf, ;/sf/n] u/]sf] pTkL8g, cGofo / cTofrf/af6} dfcf]jfbL hlGdPsf] xf]nf . ufpFdf
7"nfa8fxn] u/]sf] lyrf]ldrf] / cltrf/s} sf/0f dfcf]jfbLx hlGdPsf xf]nfg\ . t/ oxL cj:yf t
;w}F /lx/xFb}g lg /ft ;Fw} pleO/xg ;S5 / < pHofnf] t x'g}k5{ . pHofnf] cfpg] g} xf] eg] ;a}n]
cfgf] aGb'snfO{ sf]zL, gf/fo0fL / s0ff{nL gbLdf nu]/ aufOlbFbf s:tf] x'G5 <

aGb's lagfsf] ;dfh slt ;'Gb/ x'Fbf] xf] < kljq, pHofnf] / dfofn' .
k'/fgf s'/f sf]6\ofPF, k|Zgxsf] dfnfdf dgsf] e8f; klg kf]v]F ufnL gug'{ xf]nf . efOsf]
:gftsf]Q/ txsf] k9fO cfpg] ;fn ;lsg] x'gfn] klg dnfO{ tL ;]ljsf a}gLsf] lk/f]nf]n] emSemSofPsf]
xf] . clxn];Dd tkfO{+n] af]sL/xg' ePsf] cfly{s ef/ ca qmdzM 36\t} hfg]5 . tL l;:6/sf nflu klg
xfdL oxL z'esfdgf lbpF lbbLsf] :jfy{Tofun] ltgsf efOnfO{ ;kmntfsf] k|]/0ff k|bfg u/f];\ .
ltgsf] efO klg xfd|f] efO h:t} ljj]sL x'g ;sf];\ . csf]{ kfFr jif{kl5 Pp6f efOn] lbbLsf] ;kgf k'/f
u/f];\ . :jfy{ / nf]esf ls/fxn] Tof] efOsf] lubLdf u'F8 nfpg g;s'g\ .

r}q d;fGt
afg]Zj/ .
lk|o,
lxhf] c;fWo} /dfOnf] eof]] . xfdL ufpF uPsf lyof}+ . a'jfcfdfx ufpFdf u}/xg' x'GYof] . d t
ufpF guPsf] 7\ofDd} jif{ lbg eP5 . k9fO / sfddf s;/L kml;Fbf] /x]5 < ufpF lal;{G5];\, cfdfn]
eGg'eof], ufpF lal;{Pkl5 cfk"mnfO{ la;{g yflnG5 . To;}n] ufpF lx+8\ . bfOn] klg ufpF hfg hf]8
ug'{eof] . p;f]t, cfhef]ln df}sf kfof] ls bfO ufpF bf}l8xfNg' x'G5 . ;do kfpbf bfO zx/d} a;]sf]
xfdL s;}nfO{ yfx} 5}g . ljbfsf] lbg x'gfn] dnfO{ klg ;lhn} eof] . a;df hfFbf af6fdf w]/}a]/ cndn
x'G5 eG7fg]/ xfdL laxfg} 6\ofS;L lnP/ ufpF nfUof}+ .
Ps jif{ gb]v]sf] eP klg ynLsf] psfnf]b]lv g} ufpF km]l/Psf] lyPg, /QL km]l/Psf] lyPg .
cfgf] k'/fgf] ufpFnfO{ s];|f s];|fdf s]nfpg d ynLsf] :s"nd} 6\ofS;Laf6 cf]ln{PF . bfO klg ToxlF
cf]ln{g' eof] . a'jfcfdfx l;w} 3/lt/ nfUg'eof] . xfdL bfh'alxgL cfgf ;fyLxnfO{ e]6\b}
cfnfkf]6lt/ nfUof}+ . cfwf 306fd} bfO / d]/f] af6f] 5'lof] . pxfF cfgf] sfddf nfUg'eof] . d cfgf
;Lldt ;fyLx;Fu e]63f6 ub}{ laxfgsf] vfgf kfSg gEofpb} 3/ k'u]+ .
bfO lbgel/ cfgf] wGbfdf nflu/xg' eof] . a'jfcfdfsf] t Psef/L sfd} lyof] . xKt}lkR5] ufpF
hfFbf klg pxfFxsf] sfdsf] d]nf] ;/]sf] x'Fb}gYof] eg] o;kfln t cfdf dlxgf lbgkl5 ufpF cfpg'
ePsf] lyof] .
cfcfgf sfd ;s]/ xfdL tLg ah]lt/ zx/ lx+8\of}+ . dg rf ePsf] lyof] . vrdvr
el/Psf] a;df klg w]/} lrgfx e]l6g' eof] . dg ;fx|} /dfof] .
bfO{ 3/df cfpg' ePg . xfdL afg]Zj/df cf]ln{Psf lyof}+ . bfO l;w} zx/ hfg' ePsf] lyof] /
labf x'g] a]nfdf d cfh /ftL 3/ kmls{Gg . afuahf/df x'G5' . s]xL k/] Tot} kmf]g ug'{ eg]/
;Demfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
cyf{t\, pxfFnfO{ a]:;/L r'gfa nfu]sf] lyof] . To;} x'gfn] pxfF ufpFdf klg a]k'm;{lbnf] x'g'x'GYof]
. lbgel/df pxfFn] s;}nfO{ sfdsf] jrg lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] s;}nfO{ /fhgLltsf] 1fg . pxfFn]
sltnfO{ zfob hflu/sf] cfZjf;g klg lbg'ePsf] lyof] ls a'jfcfdfnfO{ klg bfOsf] /fhgLlt;Fu
lj/f]w 5}g . To;}n] xfdL ;a}n] x'G5, t/ vfgf vfg gla;{g' eg]/ pxfFnfO{ ljbf lbPsf lyof}+ .
/ftL d:t;Fu lgbfPsL lyPF d . nuftf/ kmf]gsf] 306L aHof] . Psl5g t cf h];'s} xf];\ eGg]
nfUof] . t/ kmf]gsf] 306L aHg 5f]8]g . s;n] uof xf]nf kmf]g of] dWo/ftdf aQL afn]F . /ftsf] ;f9]
afx| ah]sf] lyof] .
sqf] a]/ nfPsf] kmf]g p7fpg, bfOsf] emsf]{ sfg}df cfof] .
s] ef] / < cln cln 8/fpb} d}n] ;f]w]+ .
vf;} s]xL ePsf] 5}g, t/ klg ;'g\, d}n] xfO sf9]F . bfOn] eGg'eof], ltdLxsf] cvaf/sf]
sfof{nodf clxn] /ftL xfd|f lj4 if8oGq x'Fb}5 . sfe|]knfGrf]sdf xfd|f] kf6L{n] csf]{ kf6L{sf]
pDd]b\jf/, sdfgl;+x nfdfsf] xTof uof] eGg] ;dfrf/ ToxfF 5flk+b}5 . xfdLn] ltdLxsf] /fqLsflng
8]:ssf] dfG5]nfO{ Tof] ;dfrf/ e'm7f] ePsf], sdfgl;+xhL Pp6f sfo{qmddf hfg'ePsf] / kmls{P/ ag]kf
cfOgk'Ug' ePsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5f}+ . d}n] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 cfgf] kl/ro ;lxt s'/f
u/]sf] 5' . ef]ln sdfghLsf] cfg} egfO ltdLxsf] cvaf/df NofOlbg] s'/f] klg d}n] u/]sf] 5' .
To;}n] To:tf] e'm6f] ;dfrf/ 5fk]/ cfkm}+nfO{ / cfgf] kqsfl/tfnfO{ jbgfd gu/fpg';\ eg]/ d}n]
cg'/f]w klg u/]sf] 5' . pgLx ljZj:t xf]pg\ eg]/ d}n] t]/f] bfO x'F ;d]t eg]sf] 5' . t/ klg
xfdLnfO{ z+sf nfu]sf] 5 . x'Fb} gePsf] e'm6f] ;dfrf/ 5fKg] tof/L e}/x]sf] a]nfdf xfd|f] cg'/f]w sfd
gnfUg ;S5, To;}n] ;S5];\ eg] ;DkfbsnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ Tof] ;dfrf/ /f]s\ . pxfFnfO{ eGb] tTsfn

s]xL 306fsf nflu t xfdLnfO{ cK7\of/f] knf{, t/ ;To s'/f] aflx/ cfPkl5 ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cK7\of/f]
pxfFxnfO{ g} k5{ .
cf, bfO klg . dgk/]g eGb}df h] klg eGg' t ePg lg oqf] cvaf/n] To:tf] e'mqf] sfd
u5{ st} < o:tf] grflx+bf] s'/f] tkfO{+nfO{ sNn] ;'gfof] <
dl;t ax; gu/\ . ;DkfbsnfO{ ;r]t u/f . of] ;dfrf/sf] ;"rgf dnfO{ tf/fn] lbPsf] xf] .
d}n] s]xL elgg . tf/fn] lbPsf] va/ eGg] lalQs} d}n] 5nkmn /f]lsxfn]+ . tf/fsf] s'/f] ;w}+
bfOsf nflu ljZj;lgo x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ yfxf lyof] . klxn] klg tf/fn] a]nfa]nfdf 3/df kmf]g u/]/
bfOnfO{ ;dfrf/sf af/]df atfpg] u/]s} lyO . To;}n] dnfO{ nfUof] s'/f] ;fFrf] x'g'k5{ .
dnfO{ lhDd]jf/Ln] s'Ts'Tofof] < ls bfOsf] cfb]zn] dnfO{ ttfof] < ls cvaf/sf] OHht
hf]ufpg] lk/f]nf]n] dnfO /GyGofof] . d]/f] dgn] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;s]g tfklg d}n] xtf/ xtf/
;Dkfbssf]df kmf]g u/]/ ;dfrf/sf af/]df cfk"mn] kfPsf] hfgsf/L lbPF / pxfF;Fu cg'/f]w u/]F, ;/,
d]/f] bfO{sf] s'/f] e'm6f] x'Fb}g . kSs} klg ToxfF pxfFxsf] kf6L{nfO{ kmF;fpg] sfd e}/x]sf] x'g;S5 .
tkfO+{n] 8]:sdf x:tIf]k gubf{ lagfsf/0f Pp6f 7"nf] kf6L{;Fu xfd|f] emu8f a9\g ;S5 .
x'G5, d a'emf}+nf, To:t} /x]5 eg] /f]sf}+nf pxfFsf] pQ/ ;fx|} ;+lIfKt lyof] .
ldNof] xf]nf ;a} s'/f] eg]/ d sf]7fdf uP/ klN6PF . lgb|f nfu]sf] yfx} ePg .
laxfg d p7\bf bfO 3/df cfO;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . zfob klqsfs} af/]df s'/f] x'Fb} lyof] . dnfO{
b]Vg] lalQs} bfO{n] ;f]Wg'eof], t}+n] elgg;\ <
8]:snfO{ tkfO{+xn] g} cf}krfl/s hfgsf/L u/fO;Sg' ePsf] /x]5 . d}n] ;DkfbsnfO{ To:tf]
e'm6f] ;dfrf/ 5fKg /f]Sg';\, kf6L{;Fu emu8f ug'{ /fd|f] x'Fb}g, eg]/ eg]sL lyPF . pxfFn] klg d a'emf}+nf,
To:t} /x]5 eg] /f]sf}+nf eGg'ePsf] lyof], s'/f] lalu|P5 ls Sof xf] eg]/ d}n] /ftL ePsf] s'/fsf]
;lj:tf/ j0f{g u/]F .
7Ls 5, cfh t]/f] ;Dkfbs;Fu s'/f ug{ cfpg' knf{ . slt ah]lt/ e]l6G5 Tof] <
bfOsf] l/; cfuf] h;/L bgbgfO/x]sf] 5 eGg] yfxf e}xfNof] . d}n] eg]+, pxfF cfpg] eg]sf]
k|foM b'O ah]lt/ xf] . t/ tkfO{+ Psl5g ;'Tg';\, /ftel/ g;'t]h:tf] 5 .
t]/f] cvaf/n] lgb|f vfOlbof] . clxn] klg ;'Tg] a]nf 5}g . cvaf/n] xfd|f] xftaf6 dfl/lbPsf]
dfG5]sf] ;:j/ v08g lng clxn] g} w'lnv]n hfg'5 . t}+n] g} l/;]K;gaf6 rf/ ah]sf] ;do ldnfOlbg' .
d tLg ah]lt/ kmls{G5' .
bfO lrof vfP/ w'lnv]n nfUg'ef] . d}n] cfgf] sfdnfO{ km]l/ csf]{kN6 lwSsfg'{ kof] . dfG5]
s;/L g}ltstfsf ;f/f aGwgxnfO{ r'F8fNg ;S5 xF <
cfgf] ;dodf d sfof{nodf k'u]+ . sfof{no nfhsf] zf]sdf 8'a]sf] xf]nf eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] .
t/ Tof] t k|km'Nn /x]5 . pxL hLjGttf, pxL cfgGb, pxL xfF;f] . dfgf}+ sfof{nonfO{ s]xL ePs} 5}g .
gf} ePkl5 t af}nfxf af}nfxLx dfq nfh dfGb}gg\ . s] xfd|f] sfof{no klg ax'nfPsf] xf] <
;DkfbsHo' cfpg] lalQs} d}n] pxfFnfO{ e]6\g]xn] dfu]sf] ;dosf] hfgsf/L u/fPF . pxfFn]
dnfO{ cfgf] sf]7fd} af]nfpg' eof] .
ljj]s zdf{ eg]sf] ltd|f] bfO xf]Og < pxfFnfO{ Pp6f v08g k7fOlbg' eg g . h:tfsf] t:t}
5flklbpFnf .
;Dkfbssf] s'/f] ;'g]/ d 5Ss k/]F . To;f]eP ;dfrf/ Pp6f ;'lgof]lht if8oGq xf] < dnfO{
;Dkfbssf] s'/f] lkm} dg k/]g . o:tf sDkgLxdf cfk"meGbf 7"nf;Fu ax; ubf{ ;lhn} dfG5]sf]
/f]hL/f]6L vf]l;G5 . t/ Tolta]nf dnfO{ To;sf] klg 8/ nfu]g . o:tf] u}/lhDd]jf/ x'g kfOG5 <
;/, bfO / d]/f] ;DaGw 3/leqsf] xf] . 3/ aflx/ xfd|f] :jtGq cl:tTj 5 . lxhf] klg bfOsf]
a}gL eP/ d}n] ;/nfO{ kmf]g u/]sL lyOg . d}n] cvaf/sf] sd{rf/Lsf] bfloTj lgjf{x ub}{ tkfO{+nfO{ kmf]g
u/]sL lyPF . hlt l/; p7] klg c;To ;dfrf/ 5fk]/ Ola ;FfWg kfOb}g . kf6L{n] xfd|f] sDo'6/df Pp6f
k|fof]lht / e'm7f] ;dfrf/ n]lv+b}5, Tof] ef]ln laxfgsf] cvaf/df 5flkg]5 eGg] yfxf kfpgf;fy Tof]
;dfrf/ g5fKg cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5, dfl/Psf] elgPsf] dfG5]sf] ;:j/ v08g Nofpg] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] 5,

8]:sdf s;}n] k"jf{u|xj; Tof] sfd u/]sf] xf] ls eg]/ tkfO{+;Dd ;dfrf/ k'/\ofpg] sf]lzz u/]sf] 5 .
o:tf] ;dfrf/sf] tLg nfOgsf] v08g 5fKg] s'/f] s;/L Gofo;+ut x'G5 / <
rfFbgL, xfdL oxfFsf sd{rf/L xf}+, gLlt lgdf{tf xf]Ogf}+, pxfFn] dnfO{ ;Demfpg] kf/fdf
eGg'eof] .
d}n] ax; ug}{kg]{ eof] . To;}n] d}n] eg]+, d]/f] xsdf sd{rf/Lsf] s'/f] nfu" xf]nf . tkfO{+ t
klqsfsf] k|wfg;Dkfbs x'g'x'G5 . klqsfdf s] 5fKg'x'G5, s] 5fKg'x'Fb}g eGg] k|Zgsf] lg0f{ostf{ x'g'x'G5 .
To;}n] of] ;dfrf/sf] bf]ifaf6 tkfO{+n] klG5g ldNb}g . oft tkfO{+s} dgdf bfOsf] kf6L{k|lt ]ifefj 5,
of tkfO{+ ;Dkfbs xf]Og dh:t} l/;]K;lg:6 x'g'x'G5 .
;Dkfbsn] cfFvf k'msfn]/ dnfO{ x]g'{eof] . t/ d}n] 8/fpg' kg]{ s'g} sf/0f lyPg . ;Dkfbsn]
d]/f] hfuL/ vfg] klg lyPgg\ . log} ;Dkfbssf] sfnf] st'{t x'g'k5{ of] d]/f] dgn] eGof], logn] ubf{
d]/f] bfh' /fte/ ;'Tg kfpg' ePg . lar/fn] clxn];Dd vfg klg kfpg' ePsf] 5 ls 5}g < w'lnv]ndf
sdfghL e]l6P t l7s} eof] . sydsbflrt\ e]6 ePg eg] <
d]/f cfFvfx bfOsf] yfs]sf] z/L/ b]Vb} /;fpg vf]h] . d}n] k|; k]m/]/ ;f]w]+, To;f] eP tkfO{
ljj]s zdf{;Fu e]6 ug'{x'Gg <
d;Fu ;do 5}g elgb]p .
d cgfo; xfF;]+ .
tkfO{+n] d]/f] hflu/ vfP klg d Tof] eGg ;lSbg ;/ . tkfO{+x ;Fu;Fu} ldn]/ e'm6sf] v]tL
ug{ ;lSbg d . To;}n] h] ;To xf], d ljj]s zdf{nfO{ ToxL eG5' . pxfFx tn l/;]K;gdf cfpg' x'Fbf
d eGg]5', ;+kfbsn] tkfO{+x;Fu e]6 ug{ rfxg' ePg .
;Dkfbsn] 6\jfF k/]/ d]/f] d'v lgofnL /xg' eof] .
a]sf/df emu8f a9fpg] sfd lsg u5\of}{ < w]/}a]/kl5 pxfFn] eGg'eof] .
;/n] g} cl3 dnfO{ l;sfpg' ePsf] 5 . ljj]s zdf{ eGg] dfG5] d]/f] bfO xf] eGb} pxfFsf]
Vofn ug{' eg]/ l;sfpg' ePsf] 5 . To;}n] d ljj]s zdf{nfO{ 9fF6\g ;lSbg . ;/, tn l/;]K;gdf
pxfFnfO{ d}n] 9fF6\g' kof] eg] klg a]n'sf 3/df d}n] 9fF6\g'kl5sf ;a} s'/fx h:tfsf] t:t} g;'gfO
x'Fb}g . To;}n] g9fF6\bf xf]Og, 9fF6\bf tkfO{+ / d]/f] bfOsf] aLrdf emu8f a9\5 . tkfO{+n] e]6\g dfGg'ePg
eGg] lalQs} tnsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5 . lsg rfxg' ePg eg]/ pxfFxn] ;f]Wg'x'g] 5}g . t/ ;do
5}g eg]F eg] a]n'sf d]/f] bfOn] t]/f] ;Dkfbs k|wfgdGqL eGbf 7"nf] ef] xf]Og < xfdL;Fu e]6\g] ;do
5}g eGof] xf]Og < eg]/ ;f]Wbf d}n] ;TonfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} g/fvL x'Fb}g .
d ;Dkfbssf] cufl8 pleO/x]F . b'O ldg]6;Dd pxfF gaf]n]sf] b]v]kl5 d cfgf] 6]andf kmls{PF
.
rf/ aHg kGw| ldg]6 afFls x'Fbf b'O{ hgf ;fyLxnfO{ kl5 nfP/ bfO sfof{nosf] e'O{+tnfdf
k:g' eof] . Tolta]nf d Pshgf kfx'gf;Fu s'/f ul//x]sL lyPF . bfOnfO{ b]v]kl5 d}n] pxfF;Fusf] s'/f
5f]6\ofPF . 6]an l/Qf] ePkl5 bfO / pxfFsf ;fyLx d]/f] cufl8 pleg' eof] .
;DkfbshL x'g'x'G5 xf]Og < of] bfOsf] k|Zg lyof] .
x'g'x'G5, t/ pxfF tkfO{+x;Fu e]6\g rfxg' x'Gg .
lsg < bfOsf] e[s'6L v'lDrof] .
Tof] t yfxf 5}g . pxfFn] Pp6f v08g 5f]8]/ hfg' eGg'ePsf] 5 .
t]/f] of] clkm; dfG5]xn] sfd ug]{ sfof{no xf] ls uf];vfg xf] < -bfOn] b'O jif{ bflh{lndf
latfpg' ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] pxfF s;}k|lt 3[0ff kf]Vg'kof] eg] uf];vfg eGg'x'GYof] . df;'sf] 7"nf]
k;nnfO{ bflh{lnlt/ uf];vfg elgG5 xf]nf_ . t]/f] xflsdn] dgk/L h] klg 5fKg kfpg] clg xfdLn]
To;sf] v08gsf nflu Ho'+bf] dfG5] NofpFbf klg e]6\g gkfpg] <
ljj]shL, lKnh, bfO;Fu cfpg' ePsf] ;fyLn] pxfFsf] afx'nf] ;dfTb} cg'/f]w ug'{eof] .
lk/ gug'{;\, bfOn] cfgf] afx'nf] 5'6fpFb} eGg'eof], d}n] of] uf];vfgsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ufnL
u/]sf] xf]Og . of] d]/L a}gL xf] .

d xfF;] . bfO klg klg lkm:; xfF:g' eof] . xfdLx xfF;]sf] b]v]/ c b'Ohgf ;fyLx klg
xfF:g' eof] .
d clxn] w]/} yfs]sf] 5' . ;Fu}sf] ;fyLlt/ b]vfpb} pxfFn] eGg'eof], d}n] eGbf a9L kl/>d
pxfFn] ug'{ePsf] 5 . ca xfdL 3/ hfG5f}+ . v08gsf nflu d kf6L{ clkm;df kmf]g u/f}+nf . t/ t}+n]
cfh hfuL/af6 /fhLgfdf lbg' . o:tf] uf];vfgsf] ;+utn] dfG5]nfO{ c;n agfpb}g . kfP hflu/
vfln;, gkfP ufpFdf 3/hUuf 5Fb}5, Tot} hfln;\ .
xfdL km]l/ xfF:of} . bfOn] dnfO{ lh:Sofpbf ;w}+ ufpFdf uP/ v]tL u/\ eGg'x'GYof] .
bfOx lx+8]kl5 d]/f] dg eml:sO/x\of] . bfOn] lhl:sP/ hfuL/ 5f]8\ eGg'ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{
nfUof] Tof] cToGt} ulDe/ ;Nnfx xf] .
t/ d}n] bfOsf] ulDe/ ;Nnfx dflgg . clv/ d Pshgfn] 5f]8]/ ;+:yfn] kZrftfk dx;';
ug]{ xf]Og, a oxLF a;]F eg] bfOnfO{ yf]/} klg yk d2t k'/\ofpg ;S5' eGg] nfUof] .
d]/f] lbg ;w}+sf] h;/L laTof] . sfdsf] ;do ;lsPkl5 d 3/ uPF .

ebf} @& ut]

afg]Zj/ .
lk|o,
lxhf] ;fFem xfd|f] sfof{nodf cgf}7f] 36gf 36\of] . rf/ jif{df d}n] Pslbg klg o:tf] b]v]sL,
ef]u]sL lyOg .
aflx/ If]qdf vl6Psf ;fyLx e/v/ cfpg yfn]sf lyP . b'O hgf ToxlF e'O{+tnfdf r'/f]6
tfGb} plePsf lyP . rf/ hgf dflyNnf] tnfsf] cfgf] sfof{nodf e/v/} l5/]sf lyP .
v}, olQ ;fx|} gsRr/f] eP/ t n]Vg ;lSbg, a sfd 5f]l8lbG5', r'/f]6sf] nfdf] ;sf]{ tfg]/
lbSbf/L kf]Vg] efOsf] gfd ;/f]h Gof}kfg] lyof] . pgL /fhgLlts l/kf]l6{df vl6Psf x'Gy] k|foh;f] .
pgnfO{ Psfw k6s d}n] 3/df klg b]v]sL lyPF . pgL / bfOsf] kf6L{ Pp6} lyof] . To;}n] sfof{nodf
xfdL b'Ohgfsf] PsfGt xF'bf d pgsf] 3/af/ / kxf8sf] ufpFsf] af/]df ;f]lw/xGy]+ . ;fg} lyP ;/f]h .
k"jL{ g]kfnsf] ;+v'jf;efaf6 ;fg}df emfkf a;fO ;/]sf ;/f]h, kfFr jif{ klxn] sf7df08f} cfPsf lyP .
pgL c;fWo} 6f7f lyP . To;}n] tLg jif{sf] 5f]6f] cjlwdf ltgn] /fd|f] k|ult u/]sf lyP .
pgsf] 6f7f]kgsf sf/0f 5f]6f] cjlwd} pgL k|d'v ;dfrf/ ;+sns ePsf lyP .
pgsf] 5]pdf pleP/ r'/f]6sf] w'jfF a'\a'tL p8fO/xg] efO clns k'/fgf lyP . z/b clwsf/L
lyof] pgsf] gfpF . pgL klg lrlGtt lyP . pgL cfgf ;xsdL{nfO{ efO h:t} 7fg]/ ;Demfpg] / p:t}
kbf{ xsfg]{ klg ub{y] . cfh klg pgn] ;/f]hnfO{ dfof ub}{ eg], ;/f]h, xfdL ltvf{Psf r/fr'L
h:t} xf}+ . xfdL cfkm}+ kfgL lgsfNg ;Sb}gf}+ . kfgL vf]Hb} xfdL rf/rf}/f; ef}+tfl/G5f}+ hxfF kfgL kfOG5
ToxLF a]u df5f}+{ . To;}n] xfdL, h] rfxG5f}+ ToxL ug{ :jtGq 5}gf}+ . xfdL vf]Hg :jtGq 5f}+ . t/ s'jf
s;}n] xfd|f nflu agfOlbg} k5{ . clg s'jf agfOlbg]n] kfgL vfg' cl3 s]xL oIfk|Zgx xfd|f ;fd"
t]:of{P eg] xfdLn] To;sf] pQ/ lbg}k5{ . cGoyf xfdLn] klg eLd, ch'{g, gs'n / ;xb]j h;/L g}
kfgL lkpg gkfP/ dg'{k5{ .
o:tf] cTofrf/ ;xg' eGbf t a dg}{ lgsf] x'G5 .
dg'{ t s'g} xfntdf klg lgsf] x'Fb}g . d/]kl5 ;bfsf nflu ljbf eOG5, afFlr/x] km]l/ s]xL
ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] dg]{ s'/f] gu/f}+ . ;kfg{ ;lsg] s'/f] dfq u/f}+ .
To;sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . ca To:tf] ug{ ;lsg] 7fpF g} 5}g . kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ePg . t/
kf6L{sf] k|jQmfn] tLg hgf ;dfrf/ ;+snsxsf] aLrdf KjfSs d'v kmf]/]/ dnfO{ eGg'ePsf] 5
tkfO{xsf] cvaf/ xfdLnfO{ ;fx|} v]b\5 . xfd|f af/]df em'6f] s'/f] 5fK5 . To;}n] xfd|f] lj1KtLsf]
d"nk|lt tkfO{+sf] xftdf lb+b}5' . dfG5] ;fIfL /fv]/ lb+b}5' . dg kb}{g g5fKg';\, xfdL b'Mv];f] ub}{gf}+ . dg
nfU5 5fKg';\ . xfdL wGojfb lbg]5f}+ .
of] klg t k"jf{u|x eof] lg ;dfrf/ g5flk+b} o:tf] 5flkPnf eg]/ s'/f sf6\g' t /fd|f] xf]Og
.
of] pxfFxsf] cg'ejhGo 8/ xf] . xfdLn] k6s k6s pxfFxsf] ;dfrf/df v]n]sf 5f}+ .
kf6L{n] k|bfg u/]sf] ;"rgf clxn];Dd zfob} ;2] 5flkPsf] xf]nf . slxn] a6fl/Psf] 5, slxn] kf6L{sf]
s'g} gfd atfpg grfxg] s]Gb|Lo ;b:osf] kl/rodf cflwsfl/s lj1KtL vl08t ePsf] 5 . To;}n]
o;kfnL klg To:t} x'G5 / pxfFxsf] lg0f{o h:tfsf] t:t} 5flkb}g eGg] pxfFxnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .
ldnfpg';\, z/b clwsf/Ln] eg], b'a}lt/sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ldnfpg';\ . ;s] tkfO{+ klg ToxL
kf6L{sf] x'g'x'G5 Sof /] . tkfO{+ eGbf cl3sf] tkfO{+sf] kf6L{sf] ;fyLn] a]xf]g'{;Dd x'd{t a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] lyof]
. o;}u/L pxfFn] klg r'/f]6sf] w'jfFdf cfk"mnfO{ 8'afpg' k/]sf] lyof] . kl5 pxfFn] kf6L{ g} 5f]8\g' eof] ls
kf6L{n] pxfFnfO{ lgsflnlbof] . tkfO{+sf] klg To:t} lbg cfpg]5 . To;}n] b'a}lt/ ldnfP/ sfd lgsfNg';\
.

;d:of Tolt ;lhnf] eP olt w]/} lrGtf x'g] lyPg . k|jQmfsf] egfO h:tfsf] t:t} d}n]
;DkfbsnfO{ ;'gfP / ;dfrf/df v]Ng] s'g} ;Defjgf g/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbPF . ;Dkfbsn] eGg'eof]
kf6L{sf] s'g} Pp6f ;dy{snfO{ pEofP/ lg0f{osf] lj4df af]nfpg';\, tkfO{+ ToxL kf6L{sf] dfG5] xf] .
kf6L{n] ;/sf/df ghfg] lg0f{o u/] klg b]zel/sf Psfw nfv sfo{stf{df Pp6f b'O6f t ;/sf/df hfg]
kIfdf xf]nfg\ ;lsOxfNof] .
To;f] ubf{ klg plDsg t kfOG5 .
s;/L kfOG5 plDsg < ;/f]hsf] k|Zg s8f lyof], d]/f] sfd lg0f{o 5fk]/ s;}n] gfd lbP
To;sf] gfdaf6 c;Gt'i6L vf]Hg];Dd xf] . t/ x'Fb} gePsf] syf /r]/ kqsf/ x'F eGg] uf}/j d s;/L
y]Ug ;S5' / <
r'/f]6 ;lsof] . ;/f]h d]/f] 5]pdf cfP . dfof nfUof] c;fWo} .
;/f]h, cK7\of/f] ef] < d}n] dfofsf] dnd nfpb} ;f]w]+ .
lbbL, cfh} d]/f] clGtd lbg x'G5 xf]nf, pgn] lj/l;nf] efsfdf eg] . ;/f]h d]/f efO x'g
eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}g . d eGbf pgL Psfw jif}{ h]7f xf]nfg\, t/ d eGbf kl5 sDkgLdf hfuL/ vfg
cfPsf] x'gfn] pgL d]/f efO ePsf x'g\ . pgn] w]/}a]/ otfptf cfFvf 8'nfpFb} eg], ck/fw ug{ ;lsG5
h:tf] nfu]g . kf6L{n] ;/sf/df ghfg] lj1KtL lgsfn]sf] 5 . lj1KtLdf v]Ng ;lsg] Pp6f zJb 5}g .
k|jQmfn] cf}+nf 78\ofpg' ePsf] 5 . otf ;Dkfbs dxf]bo kf6L{ ;/sf/df hfg] ef] eg]/ ;dfrf/
agfpg';\ eGg'x'G5 . To:tf] ;dfrf/ gagfP cGoq sfd vf]Hg';\ klg pxfFn] elg;Sg' ePsf] 5 .
lr;f] xfjfn] d]/f] skfn xNnfof] . o:tf] s;/L ug{ kfOG5 < ;/sf/df hfg] ls ghfg] eGg]
lg0f{o t kf6L{n] ug]{ xf] . cvaf/sf] sfd t kf6L{n] h:tf] lg0f{o uof] ToxL 5fKg] g xf] . cfkm}+n]
csf{sf] kf6L{sf] lg0f{o u/]/ To;nfO{ va/ agfpg s;/L ;lsG5 <
bfO;Fu s'/f u5f}{ <
s'/fn] s] xf]nf / < t} klg lbg';\ g .
d}n] bfO;Fu kmf]g ldnfPF .
=== c;}Xo eof] . kf6L{ ;/sf/df efu lng] eof] eGg] ;dfrf/ agfpg] cfb]z cfof] . d}n] d
To;f] ug{ ;lSbg eg]+ . hfuL/ vfg] dg eP kf6L{nfO{ ;/sf/df k7fpg', 5}g eg] 3/ hfg' eGg] hjfkm
cfof] . slt lgx'l/P/ sfd ug'{ < ca t sfd ug{ ;lsGg . Ps dlxgf klxn] g} /fhLgfdfsf] ;"rgf
lbg'k5{ . To;}n] d cfh} hfuL/af6 /fhLgfdf lbG5' . t/ ;dfrf/ d]/} gfddf 5flkG5 xf]nf . kf6L{df
d]/f] l:ylt :ki6 kfl/lbg';\ x}
;/f]h, s] ltdLn] hflu/ g} 5f]8\g nfUof < PSsf;L d]/f] d'vaf6 lgl:sof] .
ca d;Fu s'g} ljsNk 5}g . ;DkfbsnfO{ dgfpg hlt rfs/L ug'{kYof]{, Tof] ;a} d}n] u/]F .
cg'/f]w u/]F, cfk"m o:tf] unt sfddf nfUg g;Sg] s'/f u/]F . ;Dkfbsn] dnfO{ eg] sltko g]tfxn]
d;Fu ;/sf/df hfg] s'/f u/], To;}nfO{ cfwf/ agfpg';\ . rf}w hgf g]tfx dWo bz hgf ;/sf/df
hfg] kIfdf 5g\, dxfdGqLsf] tfgfzfxLsf sf/0f ;a}n] d'vdf tfNrf df/]sf 5g\ eg]/ n]Vg';\ eg] .
o:tf] pnkm6\of s'/f] d s;/L n]Vg ;S5' / < kf6L{n] ;/sf/df ghfg] lg0f{o ;j{;DdtLaf6 u/]sf] 5
. d}n] JolQmutkn] e]6]/ gf} hgf;Fu s'/f u/]F . ;a} ;/sf/df hfg] s'/fsf] lj/f]wdf x'g'x'G5 . clg
s;/L d bz hgf ;/sf/df hfg] kIfdf 5g\ eGg ;S5' / <
dfG5]x kqsfl/tfnfO{ ufnL uy]{ . d klqsfdf ;dfj]z ePsf] x'gfn] dnfO{ lrGg]n] wf/] xft}
nfP/ ;/fKy] klg . t/ dnfO{ nfUYof] kqsfl/tf ;dfhsf] cfFvf xf], d'v xf] . lgd'vfxsf] Tof]
cfjfh xf] . clxn] klg dnfO{ To:tf] nfU5 . t/ kqsfl/tfdf /dfp5' eg]/ ;a} cf};/nfO{ lgrf]/]/
ofFSb} oxfF cfPsf gofF efOx g} kqsfl/tfaf6 jfSs ePsf] s'/f u5{g\ . s] cvaf/x lgwf{
lgd'vfaf6 6fl9Ps} x'g\ <
ca d}n] klg yfxf 5}g eGg] lbg cfP5 .

sflt{s @( ut]
afg]Zj/ .
lk|o,
s:tf] cgf}7f] b[io b]Vg'k5{ slxn] sfxL+ . dgsf] s'gfdf t/ ;d]t gr9]sf] b[io cfgf] gfssf]
l7Ss cufl8 kmgkmgL 3'd]/ gfRg yfn]kl5 g af]Ng ;ls+bf] /x]5, g ;f]Rg hflgbf] /x]5 . cfh To:t}
eof] .
;do eGbf kGw| ldg]6 cufl8 g} k'u]sL lyPF clkm;df d . slxn]sfxL+ ;/;kmfO ug]{ lbbLsf]
cfFvf d a:g] cUnf] s'rL{ / cUnf] 6]andf kb}{g . To:tf] a]nfdf 6]andf afSnf] w'nf] uhwDd k/]/
;'lt/x]sf] x'G5 . cfFvfsf] ;fd'Gg] af;L w'nf] b]v]kl5 rf dgn] s;/L sfd ug{ ;lsG5 / < To;}n] d
a]nf a]nfdf ;doeGbf cufl8 g} k'u]/ cfgf] s'rL{ / 6]an cfkm}+ k'5\g] uy]{+ . ;doeGbf cufl8 k|foM
e]63f6 ug]{ kfx'gfx cfpb}gy], e'mlSsP/ sf]xL cfOxfn] eg] klg 38Ln] bz gahfpGh]n aflx/sf]
cfFugdf nof tof xlNnP/ ;do s6fgL uy]{ . ToltGh]n d cfgf] sfd l;WofP/ k'mlt{nL eP/
s'rL{df al;;s]sL x'Gy]+ .
sfdbf/ ePkl5 sDkgLn] jf:tf u/] klg gu/] klg cfk"mn] t sDkgLsf] OHht /flvlbg} kbf]{
/x]5 .
bz aHg bz} ldg]6 afFls lyof] . jif{ tL;]ssf] Pshgf dfG5] xflGgb} 9f]sfaf6 l5of] . p
6]ansf] 6fpsfd} cfof] .
;'Gg';\ p;n] c;Eo kf/fn] dlt/ kmls{P/ cfgf] wf]b|f] :j/ cf]sNof] .
d s]xL gaf]nL pleO/x]F . 6]an k'5b\ } u/]sf] 6fnf] d]/f] xftdf e'ml08P/ cfuGt'ssf]
c;EotfnfO{ lgofNg yfNof] . p;sf] klxnf] zAb g} dleqsf] cfuf]nfO{ bGsfpg kof{Kt lyof] . d p;s}
efsfdf eGgf]; eGg ;Sy]+ t/ d}n] s]xL elgg .
tkfO{+ oxlF sfd ug'{x'G5 < p;n] To:t} 7f8f] kf/fdf k|Zg t]:of{of], tkfO{+sf xflsdxsf]
af/]df s]xL atfpg ;Sg'x'G5 <
dnfO{ l/; pl7;s]sf] lyof] . s:tf] c;Eo dfG5] To;}n] d}n] hjfkm lbPF, Ho" d oxfF sfd
u5'{ / of] g} d]/f] sfd ug]{ s'rL{ xf] . p;nfO{ b]vfpg} h;/L d s'rL{df a;]+ . d oxfFsf ;a}
xflsdxsf] af/]df cfjZos hfgsf/L lbg ;S5' . t/ cem} sfof{no v'Ng] ;do ePsf] 5}g . tkfO{+
s;}nfO{ e]6\g cfpg' ePsf] xf] < xf] eg] s[kof Psl5g k/sf] s'rL{df al;lbg';\ / dnfO{ sfo{fno
gv'Nb} ug'{kg]{ cfgf] sfd ;Sofpg d2t ug'{;\ .
Tof] dfG5]n] 5Ss k/]sf cfFvfn] dnfO{ x]/\of] . d}n] klg p;Fu cfFvf h'wfPF . p;sf] cfFvfdf
cfqmf]; / 3[0ffsf] nx/ pln{/x]sf] k|i6} b]lvGYof] . Hjfnfd'vLaf6 cfuf] lg:sG5 eG5g\ b]Vg]x . zfob
Hjfnfd'vL eg]sf] o:t} cfFvf] x'G5 xf]nf . s] Tof] Hjfnfd'vL d]/} lj4df xf] < ls s;}sf] nfk/jfxLsf]
ef/L d}n] af]Sg'k/]sf] xf] <
dnfO{ nfUof] aGb'saf6 5'6]sf a'n]6 h:tf cfFvf ePsf] Tof] dflg;n] dnfO{ y//// sdfpg]
u/L ufnL ug}{ cfF6]sf] 5 . d k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Ldf nfu]F . p;n] dnfO{ xsfof] eg] d klg p;nfO{
xsfg]{5', p;n] dnfO{ ;/fKof] eg] d klg p;nfO{ a]:;/L ;/fKg]5' .
dfkm ug'{xf]nf, d]/f] sNkgfsf t/xnfO{ 88tL nfQn] xfGb} p;n] ;fdfGo :j/df eGof],
dfkm ug'{xf]nf .
dnfO{ cfkm}+;Fu l/; p7\of] . ys ys nfUof] . s'/f ldnfpg d]/f cf]7x ;nanfP . t/ dnfO{
pl5Gb} p;n] g} jfSo k'm6fof], d}n] tkfO;Fu o:tf] Aojxf/ ug'{ x'Fb}gYof] . dfkm ug'{xf]nf .
x]bf{ x]b}{ lxpF klUnP/ kfgL ePh:tf] o:tf] dfG5] t d}n] o;cl3 slxNo} b]v]sL lyOg . d
cK7\of/f]df k/]F . ;s;sfpb} d}n] s]xL 5}g, eGg'; eGg] dg dfq} agfPsL lyPF, p kmgSs kmls{P/

km6fkm6 lx+8\of] . 9f]sfdf k'lu;s]sf] dflg;nfO{ cf] bfO eg]/ s/fP/ af]nfpg' klg c;Eot} x'GYof] .
d ;\s6df k/]/ a6fl/P h:tL ePF . p sf]7faf6 aflx/ lgl:sof] . dnfO{ nfUof] ;do eGbf klxn]
cfpg] cx h:t} p klg km/flsnf] cfFugdf cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ ub}{ ;do s6fgL ug]{5 . d]/f] dgn]
zfGTjgf kfcf];\ eg]/ d}n] p;sf] s7fnf]nfO{ k5\ofO/x]F .
t/ p d'n9f]sf sf6]/ km6fkm6 aflx/ lgl:sof] . d lztf ePF . d]/f cfFvf Psf]xf]/f] eP/
clkm;sf] d"n9f]sfdf 6fFl;O/x] . slt ldg]6 d cw{r]tg dg lnP/ a;]+ < yfx} kfOg . d]/f cfFvf
d"n9f]s}df 6fFl;O/x] . d"n9f]sfaf6 6fpsf] lgx'/fpFb} leq k:g' ePsf] xfd|f] k|zf;g zfvfsf] k|d'v
s]=;L= ;/nfO{ b]v]kl5 dfq} d]/f OGb|Loxn] sfd ug{ yfn]5g\ .
rfFbgL sf]7fsf] b}nf] gfWbf ggfWb} pxfFn] dnfO{ af]nfpg' eof] . d h'Ss p7]+ . a;, a;
lx+8\bf lx+8\b} pxfFn] dnfO{ eGg'eof] . d rf e};s]sL lyPF < s]=;L= ;/n] Psl5g d]/f] cg'xf/df
lgofn]/ x]/]kl5 ;f]Wg'eof], anjGthL oxfFaf6 kmls{P/ hfg' ePsf] xf] <
sf] anjGt, ;/ < d}n] pxfF;Fu} ;f]Wg'kof] .
sf]xL dfG5] oxfF cfP/ l/;fP/ hfg'eYof] <
Pshgf cfpg' efYof], d}n] :ki6Ls/0fsf] efiffdf hjfkm lbPF . gLlh sDkgLdf hfuL/ vfg]n]
hlt k|hftGq cfP klg 8/fpg} k5{ .
Pshgf cfpg' efYof] . c;Eo kf/fn] dnfO{ xsfg'{ ef] . d}n] sfof{no v'Ng bz ldg]6 afFls
5, ToxfF a:t} ug'{xf];\ eg]sL dfq} lyPF, kmgSs kmls{P/ lxlGbg' ef] . d}n] t ;/ a:b} ug'{; g eg]/
bf]xf]ofpg klg EofOg .
s];L ;/n] b]a|] xftsf] xTs]nf]n] lgwf/df Kof lxsf{pg' eof] / dlt/ 6fpsf] 3'dfpb} ;f]Wg'eof],
anjGthLnfO{ lrlGbgf} ltdL <
gfdn] lrGof lyPF t/ cg'xf/n] lrg]sL lyOg, d}n] cfk"mnfO{ arfpg vf]Hb} eg]+, pxfFn] klg
d anjGt x'F eGg'ePg . cfFwL h;/L cfP/ x'/L h;/L alQb} hfg]nfO{ d}n] cGt/b[li6n] lrGg] s'/f] klg
cfPg .
s];L ;/ cUnf] 6]ansf] ;txdf rf]/ cf}+nf / dfemL cf}+nfn] 7's\ 7's\ 7f]Sb} s]xLa]/ pleO/xg'
eof] . dnfO{ pxfFsf] pkl:ylt ;s;sfpbf] dfs'/f] h:tf] e}/x]sf] lyof] . To;}a]nf cfFugdf Ps bh{g
sd{rf/L ;fyLx l5/] . d}n] 9'Sssf] ;f; tfg]+ .
rfFbgL, s]=;L= ;/n] dnfO{ ;Demfpg] :j/df dnfO{ eGg'eof], anjGthL kms]{/ cfpg' x'G5 .
ca ltdLn] dfG5] lrlgxfNof} . ltdLaf6 b'Ao{jxf/ x'Fb}g, Tof] klg d hfGb5' . t/ pxfF leq h;/L
bgbgL cfuf] aln/x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ ;fDo kfg]{ sf]lzz u/]/ dfq} dfly k7fpg] sfd u/ . dnfO{ nfU5
s'g} 7"n} dfG5]n] pxfFsf] ckdfg x'g] sfd u/]sf] 5 ;+:yfsf] cf8df . sf] /x]5 Tof] kQf nufpg]
sf]lzz u/ .
s]=;L= ;/ d]/f] 6fpsflt/ ef/L kG5fP/ cfgf] af6f] nfUg'eof] . d}n] d"n9f]sf dfly 6fFluPsf]
38Ldf x]/]+ bz aHg s]xL ;]s]08 dfq afFls lyof] . d anjGtsf] :jfut ug{ k'mlt{nL eP/ a;]+ .
kfFr ldg]6;Dd aflx/sf] d"n9f]sfdf sf]xL b]lvPg . cfsf;df 3fd rls{O;s]sf] lyof] / Tof]
rsf]{ 3fd vk]/ sf]xL klg ;8ssf] k]6Ldf pleO/xg ;Sg] lyPg . d]/f] dgn] Pp6f bfloTj cfkm}+ k'/f
ePsf]df v'zL dgfof] . dgn] eGof] 5f]8\b], anjGthL u};Sg' ePh:tf] 5 .
d lr7Lkqx ;Dofpg] sfddf nfu]+ . zfvf zfvfsf lr7Lx 5'6\ofP/ ;+alGwt 7fpFdf
k'ofpg] lhDdf d]/} 6fpsfdf kYof]{ .
dfkm ug'{xf]nf, kl/lrt h:tf] nfUg] :j/n] dnfO{ em:Sofof], s] d tkfOxsf] k|zf;g
cyjf n]vfsf] k|d'vnfO{ e]6\g ;S5' <
anjGtnfO{ tkfO{+ lrGg'x'G5 lg bfOn] Psfw k6s pxfFsf] s'/f ug'{x'Fbf tkfO{+n] klg pxfF;Fu
lrghfg ePsf] s'/f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxfF bfOn] ;d]t dfg ug]{ u/]sf] ;fyL x'g'x'GYof] . Tof] dfg
;lDemP/ / sDkgLsf] lxt lrtfP/ d}n] pxfFk|lt cltl/Qm ;Ddfg bzf{pg' k5{ eGg] cg'e"t u/]F . d
a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 p7]+ / ePe/sf] ljgd|tf :j/df 3f]n]/ eg]+, ;/, xh'/sf] gfd anjGt xf] <

xf], d]/} gfd anjGt xf], t/ d xh'/ xf]Og . d tkfO{+xsf] ;fyL x'F . tkfO{+ oxfFsf]
l/;]K;lgi6 x'g'k5{ eg]/ ;f]w]sf] x'F .
xh'/, d]/f] gfd rfFbgL xf] . d 6]lnkmf]g p7fpg] / e]63f6sf] ;do ldnfpg] sfd u5'{, d]/f]
pQ/n] pxfF dfly s:tf] k|efj kfb}{5 eg]/ hfGg ;f; km]g]{ lgx'Fdf d Psl5g /f]lsPF . pxfF df}g cfFvfn]
dnfO{ x]l//xg' ePsf] lyof] . tL cfFvfdf Hjfnfd'vLsf] lrGx klg lyPg . Tolta]nf ToxfF dfofsf] ;fu/
t}l/O/x]sf] lyof] .
xh'/nfO{ d gfdn] lrGy]+ . d]/f] bfO xh'/sf] af/]df a/f]a/ s'/f ul//xg' x'GYof] . xh'/sf]
:jfledfg e'mSg / emls{g dfGb}g eg]/ eg]/ s]=;L= ;/n] dnfO{ e/v/} ;Demfpg' ePsf] lyof] === .
d cfgf] af]nLsf] k|efj x]g{ dfq /f]lsPsL lyPF . ToxL cGt/fndf pxfFn] d]/f] s'/f] sf6\b}
eGg'eof], t/ tkfO{+n] t dnfO{ s]xL g/fd|f] ug'{ePsf] lyPg === .
xh'/n] dnfO{ tkfO{+ eGg ;'xfpb}g, d}n] anjGtsf] s'/f] aLr}df sf6]/ eg]+, d ljj]s
k'mofFnsL alxgL x'F . xh'/sf] lrghfg 5 lg To;}n] d xh'/sf] klg alxgL x'F . xh'/nfO{ otfaf6 s;}n]
a]lytL u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . To;}n] xh'/sf] dg 3fOt] ePsf] x'g'k5{ .
anjGt xfF:g'eof], ;+ud/d/ h:tf] pHofnf] xfF;f] . To;f]eP ltdL ljj]shLsf] a}gL, clncln
rf;f], clncln lh1f;fsf] :j/df pxfFn] eGg'eof], ljj]shLsf] a}gL eP/ of] s;fOvfgfdf ltdL s;/L
hfuL/] e}/xg ;s]sL 5\of} < slt eof] hfuL/] ePsf] <
dnfO{ g/fd|f] nfu]g . ca jfbn kmfl6;s]sf] lyof] / d pxfF;Fu klg bfO;Fu h;/L g} s'/f ug{
;Sg] e};s]sL lyPF . d}n] cf]l/kl/ x]/]+, sf]xL cfPsf] lyPg . e/v/} bz ah]sf] x'gfn] sf]xL cfOxfNg]
;Defjgf klg lyPg . To;}n] d}n] 3lgi6tf a9fpg] df}sf kfPsL lyPF . d}n] a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 cf]ln{+b}
eg]+, n]vf k|d'v cfpg' ePsf] 5}g . pxfF cfdkdf P3f/ ah] cfpg' x'G5 . laxfgsf] a}+ssf] emd]nf
;s]/ cfpg] 5'6 pxfFn] kfpg' ePsf] 5 . k|zf;gsf] k|d'v s]=;L= ;/ xf] . pxfF / d p:t} sd{rf/L xf}F
kqklqsf;Fu ;DalGwt s'/f;Fu xfd|f] ;/f]sf/ g} x'Fb}g . To;}n] Psl5g xh'/;Fu ToxfF a;]/ s'/f ug{
kfPF eg] xh'/n] sf];Fu s'/f ug'{ k5{ eg]/ d atfpg ;Sy]F .
o:tf] /fd|L dfG5], ltdL oxfFsf] hfuL/ 5f]8 . ltdL h:tf] l;kfn'n] hxfF klg hfuL/ kfp5\of} .
d ljj]shL;Fu cGt hfuL/ vf]Hg] s'/f u/f}Fnf, pxfFn] d]/} ;f/df kfOnf ldnfpb} eGg'eof], ltdL;Fu
a;]/ s'/fsfgL ul//xg' k/f]Og ca . oxfFsf dfG5] a]Odfg /x]5g\, cfgf] jrgdf gcl8g] km6fxf
/fhg]tf h:tf /x]5g\ === .
xfdL Tolta]nf;Dd a:g] s'rL{df k'lu;s]sf lyof}+ . anjGt ;/nfO{ klxn] a;fP/ d pxfFsf]
cl3lNt/ a;]+ .
=== ltdLnfO{ yfxf xf]nf of] cvaf/df d]/f kfFr cf]6f l6Kk0fL 5flkPsf lyP . d n]v afF8\b}
lx+8\g] dfG5] xf]Og . t/ s;}n] cg'/f]w u/]sf] s'/f] sf6\g klg d ;lSbg . ltdLxsf] n]v ;Dkfbsn]
d;Fu n]v dfUg'eof] . dnfO{ n]Vg hfFu/ lyPg To;}n] 6fg{sf nflu d}n] d clns dxf] n]vs x'F eg]+ .
pxfFn] d]/f nflu kGw| ;o sf]6fdf k/]sf] 5 eGg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] lyof], Pp6f n]vsf] kGw| ;o
lbg] t lgw} e};s]sf] 5 . To;sf] Uof/]06L d} u5'{ . n]Vg yfNg'eof] eg] Pp6fsf] b'O xhf/ kfg{ d
sf]lzz u5'{ . b'O xhf/ ePg eg] klg tkfO{+n] n]Vg' rflx+ k5{ . tkfO{+sf] n]v 5flkg' h/L 5 xfd|f]
cvaf/df ===.
===To;kl5 d}n] n]Vg yfn]+ . k};f lbg] a]nfdf ;fx|} lsrlsr u/] . cfkm}+ cfpg' kg]{, kl/ro kq
lnP/ cfpg' kg]{ h:tf] ofpnf] dnfO{ k6Ss} dg kb}{g . n]v ;Dkfbssf] Uof/]06Ldf n]Vg yfn]sf]
dfG5]nfO{ of] emd]nf lsg < o:tf] 7fpFdf l6Sg ;lsGg eg]/ d}n] n]Vg 5f]l8lbPF / k};f k7fOlbg]
dGh'/Lgfdf ;lxt oxfF dfG5] k7fPF .
=== ltdL sNkgf klg ug{ ;lSbgf}, d]/f] k};fsf] e'QmfgL lbg ltd|f] of] sDkgLnfO{ rf/ dlxgf
nfUof] . l9nf] eP klg k};f lng af]nfof] hfg' eg]/ d}n] d~h'/Lgfdf lbPsf] efOnfO{ cx|fPF . p;n] k};f
nlulbof] . k};f b]v]/ 5Ss k/]F d . s:tf km6fxf /x]5g\ . Pp6f n]vsf] Ps xhf/sf] lx;fa kf] u/]5g\ .
Tof] klg PskN6df rf/ cf]6fsf] dfq} e'QmfgL x'G5 eg]/ ckdfg u/]5g\ . k|To]s dlxgfsf] e'QmfgL

Psk6s x'g] xf] eg] kfFrf}+ l6Kk0fL :jLsfbf{ rf/ csf] e'QmfgL lbg' kb}{gYof] < a8f] uPu'h|]sf Aofkf/L
/x]5g\, dfG5]sf] ;Ddfg / :jfledfgsf] sb/ ug}{ ghfGg] .
anjGtn] nfdf] ;f; tfGg'eof] / eGg'eof], ca ltdL g} eg gfgL, d}n] sf];Fu s'/f ug]{ xf]
ltd|f] n]v ;Dkfbs P To;f] kf] u/]5g\, dnfO{ t klxn] g} pxfFnfO{ kGw| ;o lbg] xf] eg]sf lyP eg]/
klG5lbP . PskN6 dflns;Fu s'/f ug'{;\ g eg]sf lyP, dnfO{ hfFu/ nfu]g . d of] sDkgL;Fu ;bfsf]
nflu ;DaGw ;dfKt kfg{ rfxG5' . dnfO{ rf/ csf] cw'/f] k};f lbPsf] 5 o;}n] d Tof] lkmtf{ ulb{g
rfxG5' . cfh To;}sf nflu d cfkm}+ cfPsf] x'F . kfrf}+ l6Kk0fLsf] k};f glbg' eGg] klg d]/f] lgisif{ xf] .
o:tfxsf] s';tdf nfluof] eg] cfk"m klg a]Odfg x'g] vt/f x'G5 === .
bfO, Pp6f cg'/f]w u/f}+ < d Psl5g cndlnPF . pxfFn] eg g eGg'xf]nf eGg] nfu]sf] lyof]
. t/ pxfFn] s]xL eGg'ePg . To;}n] d}n] g} s'/f] p7fPF, of] l;f] ;Gbe{nfO{ oxLF ;dfKt u/f}+ . lsgeg]
n]vfsf k|d'v 6]k/]s8{ h:tf] dfG5] x'g'x'G5 . pxfF cfk"m s]xL ;f]Rg'x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}g . k|zf;g
k|d'v s]=;L= ;/n] xh'/nfO{ aflx/ b]Vt} ck/fwaf]w ul/;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . oxfFaf6 s;}n] anjGthLsf]
;Ddfgdf rf]6 k'ofP h:tf] 5, /fd/L s'/f ug'{ eGg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfF;Fu emu8f u/]/ s] x'G5 / < d
t a}gL x'F, pxfF k/fO g} xf] . pxfFsf] dg b'Vg ;S5 . To;}n] xh'/n] s'/f] oxLF 6'+UofP x'Gg <
pxfFn] of pQ/ lbg'ePg . w]/}a]/ pxfFn] d]/f] cg'xf/df lgofn]/ x]g'{eof] . d clncln
c:kl6PF klg .
ltdLn] s'/f] /fd|} uof}, pxfFn] xFl;nf] cg'xf/n] eGg'eof], t/ of] k};f uf]hLaf6 k};f
lgsfNb} pxfFn] dnfO{ eGg'eof], d of] k};f t lng ;lSbg . of] ckdfgsf] pkxf/ dnfO{ rflx+b}g . of]
k};f d}n] s;} g s;}nfO{ lkmtf{ ug}{k5{ . sf] xf] Tof] lkmtf{ lng] dfG5] < To;nfO{ t d}n] e]6\g} k5{ .
To;sf] Aoj:yf x'G5, sf]xL cfjZostf kg]{xnfO{ afFl8lbpFnf d}n] k};fdf cfg} clwsf/
eP h;/L eg]+, s]=;L= ;/n] g} plrt ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 . xh'/n] k};f lkmtf{ ug]{ s'/f] dfq} /fVbf k'U5 .
anjGtnfO{ d}n] s]=;L= ;/sf]df k7fPF . pxfF eof rl9/x]sf] a]nf d}n] kmf]gaf6 s]=;L=
;/nfO{ s'/f]sf] r'/f] atfOlbPF / k};f lkmtf{ lnOlbg cg'/f]w u/]F . s;}nfO{ lb+bf x'G5 lg, d}n] lh2L g}
u/]F . pxfFn] xfF;]/ kmf]g /fVg'eof] .
cfwf 306fkl5 anjGt kmls{g' eof] . xfF:b} pxfF d]/f] 5]pdf cfpg' eof] .
rfFbgL, a]Odfgxsf] s';taf6 d t d'Qm ePF . d hf]luPF ca . ltdLn] klg rfF8} d'lQm
lng' . laUo|f}nL . d ljj]shL;Fu s'/f u/f}+nf . s'g} /fd|f] 7fpFdf sfd vf]hf}+nf .
gLlh sDkgLxdf slt kf] leGgtf x'G5 / < cfgf] sdfO a9fpg pgLxn] sd{rf/L /fVg]
x'g\ . sd{rf/Lsf] xLt xf];\ eg]/ s;}n] sDkgL vf]n]sf] x'Fb}g . dnfO{ o;} eGg dg nfu]sf] lyof], t/
d}n] s]xL elgg .

d+l;/ @& ut]

afg]Zj/ .
lk|o,
lxhf] xfd|f] klqsfsf] jflif{sf]T;j lyof] . /fd|f] sdfO u/]sf] klqsf x'gfn] hd36 klg 7"nf]
lyof] . hd36sf] ljzfntfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ /demdsf] eJotf klg sNkgftLt lyof] . cx sf] sf]
af]nfOPsf lyP, ;a}nfO{ d}n] lrlgg, t/ cfgf ;xsdL{, s]xL :tDesf/ Pjd\ /fhgLltdf s[ofzLn
/x]sf yf]/} JolQmxnfO{ d}n] lrg]F .
aflx/ cFWof/f] lyof], To;}n] xf]6]n leqsf] Tof] lr;f] e'O{+ emg} pHofnf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . zfob
Tof] ;efsIfsf] k"j{kL km/flsnf] d}bfg lyof] . 3fF; t d}n] b]lvg, t/ ldnfP/ k/ k/ aflnPsf
alQx leqsf] hudusf] t'ngfdf lkmSsf b]lvGy] . em;Ss dnfO{ nfUof] aflx/ vft]
afnaflnsfxsf lgl/x cfFvf h:t} 5g\ tL aflx/sf aQLx . leq slt /dfOnf] 5
d Pp6L ;fwf/0f sd{rf/L . d]/f] sfd 9f]sfsf] nfOgdf pleP/ ;hfOPsf] d':sfg 5b}{
kfx'gfxsf] :jfut ug'{ lyof] . xfdLn] s;n] vfof], s;n] vfPg eg]/ ;f]wvf]h ul//xg' k/]sf] lyPg,
To;sf nflu xf]6ns} kl/rf/s, kl/rfl/sfx 6Gg} lyP .
5 ah] ;a}nfO{ lbOPsf] ;do lyof] . xfdL dlxnf sd{rf/Lx 5b]lv ;ft ah];Dd 9f]sfsf]
b'O lsgf/df pleof}F . 9f]sfsf] d'v}df Psflt/ sDkgLsf k|d'v x'g'x'GYof] eg] xfdL ;ft hgf
s]6LdfG5]x bf]xf]/f] nfOgdf ;hfP/ pEofOPsf lyofF} .
o;f] ug'{ /fd|f] xf] < dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . dlxnfjfbLnfO{ nfUbf] xf] of] g/fd|f] rng xf] .
cfw'lgstfdf /lPsfxnfO{ nfUbf] xf] of] cToGt} /fd|f] rng xf] . k'/ftgkGyLxnfO{ nfUbf] xf] of]
;gftg k/Dk/f xf] . dlxnfsf] d':sfgaf6} ;+;f/df 7"n7"nf 36gf 36]sf 5g\, o'4x ePsf 5g\ eg]sf]
klg ;'g]sL 5' d}n] . d]/f] ljZjf;df ljqmLsf w]/} ;fdfg dWo Pp6f dlxnfsf] d':sfg klg xf] /
9f]sfsf] b'O lsgf/df ltgLxsf] pkl:ylt ToxL ljqmLsf] :yfkg xf] .
h] xf];\ . tkfO{+ x'g'x'G5, d 5' .
;ft ah];Dd xfdL ToxLF pleO/Xof}F . ;ft ah]kl5 ;dfrf/ zfvfsf lgb]{zsn] xfdLnfO{ klg
cxl;t ldl;g / lrlgg lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . of] ldl;g] / lrlgg] sfddf d':sfgsf] e"ldsf slQsf]
lyof] eg]/ d}n] yfxf kfpg rflxg . c ;fyLx lunf; ;dfTg}lt/ nfu] x'gg\, d rflxF sfutL /
lrgL ldl;Psf] tftf] kfgL dfu]/ eb|hgxsf] 5]p5fp vf]Hg yfn]F .
d'2fnfO{ cd'2f agfpbf d"nd'2f sdhf]/ x'G5, skfn ;]t} k'mn]sf t/ pd]/ gk'mn]sf Pshgf
;Hhgn] af]n]sf] ;'g]/ d pgs} 5]pdf plePF . s] xf] pgsf] gfpF < dnfO{ PSsLg ePg . dw'/f] af]nLdf
pgL eGb} lyP, xfdLn] ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0fdf s'g s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'k5{, d'2fxsf] ;fy{stf s;/L
vf]Hg'k5{ eGg] ljifodf ulx/f] cWoog ug'{k5{ . To;n] dfq ;dfrf/df ;'Gb/tf yK5 . JolQmlj4sf]
cfu|x, ;+:yflj4sf] cfu|xn] ;dfrf/sf] OHht 36fpF5 / ;dfrf/sf] OHht 36]kl5 cvaf/sf] OHht
36\5 . cvaf/sf] OHht 36\g' eg]sf] ;~rf/ hut l5GgleGg x'g' xf] . ;~rf/ hut l5GgleGg ePsf]
d'n's slxNo} Jojl:yt x'g ;Sb}g .
AolQmnfO{ p7fpg] cyjf n8fpg] eg]sf] t km]l/ klg oxL ;~rf/ g} xf] lg, 5]pdf plePsf]
csf]{n] klxnf] enfbdLsf] v08g gu/] h;/L v08g uof] .
;fdfGo lx;fan] To;nfO{ dfGg ;lsPnf . t/ d/]sf] AolQmnfO{ lhpFbf] agfpg] clg
lhpFbf]nfO{ e'm7f d'2fx p/fn]/ dfg]{ sfdnfO{ kqsfl/tfsf] c dfGg ;lsGg .
To:tf] s]xL kof] ls Sof xf] tkfO{+nfO{ < em08} em08} 7f h:tf] k|Zg lyof] Tof] .
d]/f] s'/f] xf]Og, ltgn] ulDe/ :j/df eg], of] s'g} Ps hgfsf] s'/f] xf]Og . d}n] tLg
xKtf;Dd klqsfxsf] k|j[lQ x]/]F . 3/sf] kmf]6f] 5fk]/ g]tfxsf] abgfdLsf] cleofg g} rnfPsf 5g\

ltgn] . n]lvg' kg]{ s'/f] xf] /fhgLlt ug]{x TofuL x'g'k5{, tk:jL x'g'k5{ . t/ Tof] sf]0faf6 n]lvPsf]
cyjf ;dfrf/ agfOPsf] d}n] st} b]lvg . dnfO{ t b'Mv nfu]sf] 5 . 3/sf] kmf]6f] 5fKg' eGbf klxn]
3/ s;/L agfOof] eg]/ vf]hL ul/g' kYof]{ . 3/ agfpg] hlt ;a}nfO{ a]OdfgLsf] Pp6} lsQfdf clg
3/ gagfpg] hlt ;a}nfO{ Odfgbf/Lsf] lsQfdf s;/L ofFSg ;lsG5 < dfG5] 3'/]g t xf]Og lg
t/ e|i6frf/ t c;Lldt} eof], aLraf6 s;}n] s'/f] p7fof] .
e|i6frf/ eof] t To;sf] pTvgg ul/g'k5{, pgn] klxn]s} efsfdf s'/f] cufl8 a9fP, k]ml/
of] e|i6frf/ eg]sf] cfh hlGdPsf] t xf]Og Sof/] k'/fgf /fhf /hf}6f, ;fdGtsf dxnx Tolta]nfsf]
tnan] ag]sf x'g\ < s] k~rfotdf o:tf 3/, dxn a]kQfl;t 7l8Pgg\ < e|i6frf/sf cgluGtL
36gfxaf6 d'Qm 5 Tof] Aoj:yf < 5}g . of] klg 5}g, t/ h;/L Oltxf;sf k'/fgf 38Lxdf OdfGbf/
dflg;x lyP, To;}u/L clxn] klg OdfGbf/ dflg;x 5g\, 5g\ dfq xf]Og clxn] a]Odfgx cToGt}
;Lldt 5g\, OdfGbf/x stf xf] stf w]/} 5g\ .
of] klg pxL cg'dfgs} s'/f] t xf] .
xf]Og, of] vfln cg'dfgsf] s'/f] xf]Og, jQmfn] cfg} cufl8 plePsf] dflg;lt/ x]b}{ eg],
lxhf] e|i6frf/ x'GYof], t/ To;sf] kf]n vf]Ng dflg;n] ;Sb}gYof] . To;}n] Tolta]nfsf] e|i6frf/
;'/lIft lyof] . t/ clxn] 3'; lng kfPsf] x'Fb}g, s'/f] r'lxO{ xfN5 . )$^ ;fn cl3sf] s7f]/
zf;gsfndf ePsf] 5\ofK5\ofKtL kl;|Psf] d'tL{rf]/L clxn] stf x/fof] < rfF8} kf]n vf]lnG5, gf]emf/
xf]OG5 eg]/} d'lt{rf]/xn] cfgf] sfdnfO{ :ylut u/]sf x'g\ . d]/f] s'/f] dgdf /fVg'xf]nf olb s'g}
lbg g]kfndf ;~rf/sf] 3fF6L p;}u/L lgdf]l7of] eg], /fhgLlts bnxnfO{ p;}u/L leQf k'ofOof] eg]
k]ml/ d'lt{rf]/Lsf] ljs/fntf a9]/ hfg]5 . k|hftGq cfPkl5sf] csf]{ /fd|f] s'/f] klg x]g'{; g]kfn s'g}
;dodf nfu" kbfy{sf] /fhdfu}{ lyof], clxn] Tof] klg 5}g .
g/fd|f sfd 36\g] lalQs} /fd|} e}/x]5 eGg t ldNb}g .
d}n] To;f] sxfF eg]sf] 5' / < d]/f] hf]8 t s] dfq} xf] eg] ;~rf/sf] cfFvfn] of] e]b b]Vg'k5{ .
of] ;fdflhs kl/36gf xf] . 3/ lgtfGt a}olQms s'/f] xf] / To;nfO{ JolQmut 9n] g} pTvgg ug'{k5{
.
tkfO{+ klg 3/ sf08df kg'{eof] ls Sof xf] <
3/} gePsf] x'gfn] d 3/ sf08df kg]{ t s'/f] ePg, t/ 3/sf08df k/]sfxsf] kL8fnfO{ d}n]
;fx|} ghLsaf6 b]v]sf] 5', ltgsf] Aoyfaf6 kf]lnPsf] 5' . p;n] xftsf] k]onfO{ cf]7sf] 6'Kkf;Fu 5'jfP/
PskN6 nfdf] ;f; tfg]kl5 eGof], t/ JolQmkL8fsf sf/0f d}n] of] s'/f] u/]sf] xf]Og, d}n] vf]h]sf] xf],
Pp6f pQ/bfloTjk"0f{ ;+:sf/, ;fdflhs bfloTjjf]wsf] cleJolQm . b]v]sf] s'/f] n'sfpg' k5{ klg d
elGbg, To;nfO{ cgfj[Q g} ul/g' k5{ . t/ 5\ofgAofg gug]{ kqsfl/tfn] ;a}dfly cGofos} ef/L
af]sfOlbG5 .
=== === === === .
dnfO{ skfn ;]t} k'mn]sf t/ cg'xf/ gk'mn]sf tL dflg;sf] s'/f ;'lg/xg dg nfu]sf] lyof] .
t/ Tof] Pp6f ulDe/ ax; lyof] clg d To;df ;xefuL x'g ;lSbgy]F . d lhl:sg] vfnsf] hd36df
t hfg ;lSbgy]F, t/ ulDe/tfsf] Tof] ux|'f] ef/L klg dnfO{ af]ls/xg dg nfUb}gYof] . To;}n] d
ToxfFaf6 aflx/ lgl:sP/ c ;d"xxdf ldl;g yfn]F .
dfG5] lsg >[f/df /dfp5 eg]/ clxn];Dd d}n] a'em\g ;s]sL 5}g . d w]/} ;+ls0f{ 5' h:tf]
dnfO{ nfUb}g . s]xL ;do klxn] ePsf] ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfnfO{ ;8sdf plePsf w]/} dlxnfxn] lj/f]w
u/]sf lyP . t/ dnfO{ ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutf /fd|} nfU5 . rfx] To;nfO{ pkef]u egf}F, rfx] To;nfO{
klZrdf ;+:s[lt egf}F, Tof] t :j]R5fsf] s'/f] xf] lg dfG5]n] cfgf] OR5fn] u/]sf] sfdnfO{ s;/L cn]
lj/f]w ug{ ldN5 / <
t/ ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xxdf kx]Fnk'/ eP/ cfpg] rng;Fu d slxNo} ;xdt x'g ;lsg .
dfG5]sf] ;SsnL knfO{ laufg]{ afx]s To;n] c s]xL ub}{g h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 .
tkfO{+nfO{ yfx} 5, To;}n] st} hfFbf klg d]/f] cltl/Qm tof/L x'Fb}g . n'uf t d;Fu kGw| aL;
hf]/ g} 5g\, t/ d;Fu u/uxgf em08} 5}gg\ eGbf x'G5 / d}n] uxgf y'kfg]{ v]n v]Ng] rfx klg kflng .

uxgf nfP klg gnfP klg x'F t d rfFbgL g} . d]/f] kl/ro rfFbgL dfq} xf], ;'gsf] uxgf cyjf h/L
xfn]sf] agf/;L ;f8L xf]Og .
tkfO{+nfO{ klg o:t} nfU5 xf]Og
/ftL gf} ah] clkm;s} uf8Ln] xfdLnfO{ 3/ 3/ k'ofOlbg] eof] . kfx'gfx em08} em08}
l/lQO;s]sf lyP . d kf}g] bz ah] 3/ k'u]F .
e/v/} h'g e'mlNsPsf] lyof] cfsf;df . lalrqsf] ;Ggf6f 5fPsf] lyof] wtL{df . d cfh l9nf]
cfpF5' eGg] 3/df yfxf lyof] . cfdf lxGbL l;l/on x]/]/ al;/xg' ePsf] lyof] .

kf}if @& ut]

afg]Zj/ .
lk|o,
ca s]xL lbg dfq afFls 5g\ d]/f] pbf;Lsf . tkfO{+ kTofpg' x'G5 <
lxhf] xfd|f] 3/df kl/jf/ 36a9 x'g] 5nkmn rNof] . o;kfln rflxF o;nfO{ ulDe/ k|s[lts}
kdf lng'k5{ .
zlgaf/sf] laxfg, 3fddf tfltFb} xfdL 3/sf] 5tdf a;]sf lyof}F . tkfO{+nfO{ klg yfx} 5 lg,
lxhf] 3fdn] cgf}7} 9n] k|s[ltnfO{ dfof u/]sf] lyof] .
s'/f] cfdfn] p7fpg' eof] . pxfFn] afnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ eGg'eof], xf]Og, tkfO{F slt 9'Ssn]
a:g ;Sg' ePsf] xF < o;f] 3/sf] s'/f]df cfFvf nfpg' kb}{g <
s] ef] / < afsf cfFvfn] ;f]w] .
bfh'sf] lax] ge} d lax] ulb{g eG5] rfFbgL, a}gLsf] lax] gu/L d s;/L cfgf] lax]sf] af/]df
;f]rfF} cfdf eG5 ljj]s . tkfO{F rf;} b]vfpg' x'Gg . ca Ps}hUu]df b'O6}sf] nugufF7f] sl;lbpF,
cfdfn] xfF:t} s'/f] cufl8 a9fpg' eof], g 5f]/f] efUg kfpg], g 5f]/L plDsg kfpg]
af xfF:g'eof] a]:;/L . bfO klg afs} nx}nx}df xfF:g'eof] . bfOn] klg cfdflt/} kmls{P/
eGg'eof], cfdf, cfpg] kmfu'gdf em\ofO{+ em\ofO{+ kf/]/ o;nfO{ ljbf ug'{k5{ . c+z / a+zsf] s'/f] p7\g
yfn]sf] 5 . Tof] gd"gf xfdLn] cfg} 3/af6 b]vfpg' k5{ . of] 3/ rfFbgLsf] gfpFdf 5'6\ofpg' k5{,
lax]df 7"nf] vr{ ug'{x'Fb}g .
rfFbgLnfO{ 3/ 5'6\ofP/ tFrflxF sxfF a:5;\ < kz'kltsf] ;Qndf < cfdfsf] dgdf v'zL t
lyof] xf]nf, t/ pxfFsf] :j/df cljZjf; klg lyof] .
cfdf, xfdLn] lax]sf] grflxFbf] vr{ 36fpg], hftkft gdfGg], afj'cfdfsf] ;DklQdf
5f]/f5f]/Lsf] xs a/fa/ nfUg] zky lnO;s]sf 5f}F . d To;af6 klG5PF eg] d klg c 7u g]tfx
h:t} x'g]5' . ;dfhn] dnfO{ lwSsfg]{ 5, cfg} cGt/cfTdfn] dnfO{ lwSsfg]{ 5 . HjfO{+;fx]a ufpFaf6
pv]lnP/ cfpg' ePsf] 5, t/ d t pv]lnPsf] 5}g . cfnfkf]6 xfd|f] k}lqs ynf] xf] . tkfO{+x hlxn]
klg zx/ eGbf cfg} ufpF /fd|f] eGg'xG' 5 . d k}lqs ynf] :ofxf5'{, To;f]x'Fbf o;n] klg ;fFlRrs} dfOtL
cfpg] 7fpF kfpF5] . To;}n] of] b'O dlxgfdf aGbf]a:t ldnfP/ Aof08afhf ahfpg' k5{ .
xf]Og, of] 3/df d]/f] rflxF :jTj g} ;lsof] ls Sof xf] < afn] xfF:t} ;f]Wg'eof] . To;kl5
pxfFn] dfofn' cfFvfn] d]/f] cg'xf/df lgofNb} eGg'eof], ;fOt kmfu'gdf h'/fpF ls a}zfv;Dd kvf}{F eg]/
d ;f]lr/x]sf] lyPF . ljj]sn] /f]h]sL s]6L / rfFbgLn] 5fg]sf] s]6f] b'a} d]/f] dg dflkmssf 5g\ .
ljj]ssf] kf6L{n] ;fbf ljjfxsf] cfu|x u/]sf] / p cfkm}Fn] afcfdfsf] ;+klQdf 5f]/Lsf] xs nfUg] s'/f]
Ps jif{ cl3 g} d;Fu ul/;s]sf] lyof] . cfh p7\of] s'/f], ltdLxn] af]lnxfNof}, ca rfFbgL klg
af]nf];\ .
z'df xfd|f] 3/df cfpFbf tkfO{+n] klg s:tf] cgf}7f] kl/jf/ eGg'ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf
eGbf clxn] Tof] emg} km/fl;nf] ePsf] lyof] . hgkIfLo /fhgLlts cf:yfn] a'jf, cfdf b'a}nfO{ bfOh:t}
agfOlbPsf] lyof] . kl/jf/df a nf6L t d} lyPF . dbg e08f/Lsf] d[To'eGbf klxn];Dd /fhgLlt
eg]sf] bfOsf] sfd xf] eGg] dfq} ;f]r]sL lyPF d}n] . /fhgLltnfO{ cln cln l6Kg yfn]kl5 klg r'gfjsf
a]nf dt v;fNg] lhDdf dfq} d]/f] efudf k/]sf] h:tf] ePsf] lyof] . t/ k]ml/Fb} uPsf] ;+;f/nfO{
a'jfcfdfn] t cfTd;ft ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] klRr; jif{sf] of] pd]/df d}n] klg a'xf/L emf/ h;/L
nhfpg' kg]{ s]xL lyPg . To;}n] d}n] eg]F, a'jf, bfOn] of] 3/nfO{ cfgf] ;kgfsf] 3/ agfpg' ePsf]
5 . of] 3/ bfOs} /xf];\ . clxn] xfdL tLg} hgfsf] sfd x'G5, xfdL st} b'O sf]7f / efG5f vf]h]/
a:g]5fFF} . c+z t dnfO{ rflxG5, t/ Tof] kl5 eP klg x'G5 .

cfh tF af]Ng kfpFlbg;\, bfOn] dfofn' efsfdf xsfg'{ eof], ca gfgL, dfOtL 3/ cfgf]
x}g, k/fO3/ hfp, eg]/ uLt ;'Gg yfn\ . sfd t xfdL klg b'a} hgf u5f}{, Ps} 7fpFdf u5f}{ . xfdLnfO{
8]/f ;lhnf] x'G5 . tF sxfF 8]/f lnG5];\ < Pp6fsf] sfd sLlt{k'/, csf{sf] sfd dxf/fhu~h clg t]/f]
sfd oxfFsf] uf];vfg . sxfF a:5]; < afuahf/ < ls c;g < cfPsf] sdfOn] 3/ef8f lt5f}{ < ls Tof]
k};f a;ef8fdf vr{ u5f}{ <
g]kfndf xfd|f] h:tf] c s;}sf] klg kl/jf/ x'Fbf] xf], t/ clxn];Dd d}n] To;nfO{ st} e]6]sL
5}g . xfdLleq sf]xL ;fgf], sf]xL 7"nf] 5}g . bfOsf] ldlxg]tn] xfd|f] kl/jf/ ldNg] clg c;n
;fyLxsf] ;d'bfo ePsf] 5 . To;}n] cfdfn] klg /fo kf]Vg'eof], ljj]sn] eg]s} xf];\ . xfdL ufpFdf
hfG5f}F . ltdLx ;w}F z'qmaf/ 3/ cfpg' . cfgf] k}lqs ynf], af / d]/f] dg zfGt x'G5 . /fd/L sfd
ubf{ vfg k'Ug] hdLg 5Fb}5 . p:t} kbf{ ltdLxn] ;fu;AhL lslg/xg' kb}{g ==== .
Pp6f ;'vb ;kgf lyof] Tof] . t/ dnfO{ xfd|f] ;d:of ;lhn/L ;dfwfg x'G5 eGg] k6Ss}
ljZjf; lyPg . tkfO{+sf] cfTd;Ddfgdf rf]6 gk'uLsg, efOk|ltsf] tkfO{+sf] bfloTj sdhf]/ gkf/Lsg
d tkfO{+;Fu Psfsf/ x'g rfxGy]F . To;}n] d}n] eg]F, cfdf, efOn] oxfF a:g cK7\of/f] dfGg'x'G5 . efOsf]
cK7\of/f]n] pxfFnfO{ klg clg0f{odf k'ofpF5 === .
cfdf, o;sf] s'/flt/ gnfUg';\, o;sf] b]j/nfO{ dgfpg] d]/f] lhDdf .
/ klg bfO, efOnfO{ cK7\of/} x'G5, d}n] klg lh2L g} u/]F, efOnfO{ d lrGb5' . xfdL b'O hgf
hlt yf]/} s'/f u5f}{F efO;Fu To;sf] kfFr u'gf s'/f] x'G5 d]/f] . tLg sf]7fsf] Pp6f ;fgf] 3/df xfdLx
/dfpg] ;kgf ;Fufn]/ ukm u/]sf] xfdLn] w]/} eof] . xfd|f] of] lg0f{on] Tof] ;kgf etfe't' x'G5 eGg]
8/n] dnfO{ lg0f{osf] ;dy{g ug{ ufx|f] e}/x]sf] 5 .
c/] afaf, bfOn] d}nfO{ ;Demfpg] u/L cfgf zAbxdf an nufpFb} eGg'eof], tF h:tf]
nf6f]sf]z]/f] xf]Og t]/f] b]j/ . tFnfO{ kf] /fhgLlt t]/f] bfh'sf] 7]Ssf ePsf] 5 . t]/f] b]j/ t SofDk;sf]
6f7f] ljBfyL{ dfq xf]Og, :jljo"sf] lhDd]jf/ ;efklt klg e};Sg' ePsf] 5 . d cfkmF}n] ;~rfng u/]sf]
5' pxfFxsf] sld6L . kfl/jfl/s pTkL8g, ljBfyL{ hLjgn] ef]u]sf] u/LaLn] pxfFnfO{ vfl/Psf] ;'g
agfPsf] 5 . /fhgLltk|lt t]/f] ;fx|} rf;f] 5}g eGg] yfxf kfP/} tF;Fu 3/sfhsf s'/f xf]nfg\, d;Fu
gLltsf s'/f x'G5g\, Aojxf/sf s'/f x'G5g\ . t]/f] b]j/sf] lgisif{df g]tfxsf], vf; u/]/ dGqLsf]
s'rL{df lgbfpg] g]tfxsf] r]tgfdf k|hftGq cfPs} 5}g . o:tf] ;xL s'/f ;f]Rg] dflg;n] cfg} kf6L{n]
u/]sf] lg0f{onfO{ gfO{ s;/L eGg' x'G5 < xfdLn] dfq xf]Og, af / cfdfn] ;d]t dflg;s]sf] s'/f] efO
h:tf] gofF k':tfn] ga'em\g] s;/L x'G5 <
xf]nf ;a} s'/f], t/ efOsf] dg d}n] k9]sL 5', bfOsf] s'/fnfO{ v08g gu/] klg d}n]
cgsgfpb} cK7\of/f] dfg]F .
ljj]sn] lhDdf nL, a'jfn] eGg'eof], dflg;sf] cfTd;Ddfg dfg'{ x'Fb}g, t/ ltdLx ;a}
Pp6} kf6L{df 5f} . kf6L{sf] lg0f{o t ;fgf] HjfO{+nfO{ klg yfx} 5 . oxLFaf6 ;Demf ljj]sn] . xfdL
a'9fa'9LnfO{ af]Ng gnfpg' ltdLxn] . pxfFxsf afa' cfdf x'g'x'Gg, xfdLnfO{ Tof] yfg lbg'xf];\ eGg]
jftfj/0f ltdLxn] g} ldnfp .
xh'/ klg s:tf] cAh;], cfdfn] aLr}df s'/f sf6\b} eGg'eof], ljr/f pxfFxn] slxn] k/fO
h:tf] Aojxf/ ug'{ePsf] 5 / < emg ;fgf] gfgL t dnfO{ ;fSv} cfdfh:t} ug'{x'G5 . Pslbg eGb}
x'g'x'GYof] cfdf / xh'/sf] hGd Pp6} ;fndf ePsf] /x]5 . xh'/nfO{ ge]6'Gh]n d]/f] t cfdf, a'jf,
bfh' ;a} PSnf] bfh' x'g'x'GYof], clxn] xh'/sf] cflzjf{b kfpg yfn]kl5 kxf8sL lbbLsf] lgof;|f] ;d]t
d]l6Psf] 5 . To:tf] gfgLnfO{ s;/L c6]/L xf]nfg\ ls eGg;Sof xf]nf xh'/n]
a'jfsf] xFl;nf] cg'xf/n] cfsf;sf] 3fd} la;f{Olbof] . a'jfn] eGg'eof], ca of] uGyg ;lsof] .
cf}krfl/s s'/fsfgL d} uFnf k5{ eg], kb}{g eg] a}zfvsf] Pp6f ldlt to u/\ ljj]sn] . HjfO{+ gfgLsf]
klg af]nfpg} kg]{ sf]xL x'g'x'G5 eg] km/flsnf] ;do rflxG5 .
d}n] ljdft[ lbbLsf] cg'xf/ emnSs ;lDemPF . pxfF g} d]/f] 3/lt/sf] cleefjs x'g'x'G5 .
pxfFnfO{ ljjfxeGbf cufl8 g} af]nfpF x}

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