3 May 2007 www.nethawk.

fi

Long Term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

Contents
> > > > > > > > > > > > Why LTE/SAE? LTE Overview LTE technical objectives and architecture LTE radio interface RAN interfaces SAE architechture [3GPP TS 23.401] Functions of eNB Functions of aGW GTP-U tunneling Non-3GPP access tunneling Testing challenges with LTE LTE standardisation status

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

Why LTE/SAE?
> Packet Switched data is becoming more and more dominant > VoIP is the most efficient method to transfer voice data Need for PS optimised system > Amount of data is continuously growing Need for higher data rates at lower cost > Users demand better quality to accept new services High quality needs to be quaranteed > Alternative solution for non-3GPP technologies (WiMAX) needed > LTE will enhance the system to satisfy these requirements.

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

LTE Overview
> > > > > > > > > 3GPP R8 solution for the next 10 years Peaks rates: DL 100Mbps with OFDMA, UL 50Mbps with SC-FDMA Latency for Control-plane < 100ms, for User-plane < 5ms Optimised for packet switched domain, supporting VoIP Scaleable RF bandwidth between 1.25MHz to 20MHz 200 users per cell in active state Supports MBMS multimedia services Uses MIMO multiple antenna technology Optimised for 0-15km/h mobile speed and support for up-to 120-350 km/h > No soft handover, Intra-RAT handovers with UTRAN > Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

LTE technical objectives and architecture

> User throughput [/MHz]:
Downlink: 3 to 4 times Release 6 HSDPA Uplink: 2 to 3 times Release 6 Enhanced Uplink

> Downlink Capacity: Peak data rate of 100 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum bandwidth > Uplink capacity: Peak data rate of 50 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum bandwidth > Latency: Transition time less than 5 ms in ideal conditions (user plane), 100 ms control plane (fast connection setup)

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> Mobility: Optimised for low speed but supporting 120 km/h
Most data users are less mobile!

> Simplified architecture: Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH > Scalable bandwidth: 1.25MHz to 20MHz: Deployment possible in GSM bands.

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

LTE radio interface

> New radio interface modulation: SC-FDMA UL and OFDMA DL
Frequency division, TTI 1 ms Scalable bandwidth 1.25-20MHz TDD and FDD modes
UL/DL in either in same or in another frequncy

OFDMA has multiple orthogonal subcarries that can be shared between users
quickly adjustable bandwith per user

SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices
Single carrier, time space multiplexing Tx consumes less power

From Ericsson, H. Djuphammar

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

LTE/SAE Keywords
> > > > > > > > > > > aGW Access Gateway eNB Evolved NodeB EPC Evolved Packet Core E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN IASA Inter-Access System Anchor LTE Long Term Evolution of UTRAN MME Mobility Management Entity OFDMA Ortogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access SAE System Architecture Evolution UPE User Plane Entity

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

RAN interfaces
>X2 interface between eNBs for handovers >Handover in 10 ms >No soft handovers >Interfaces using IP over E1/T1/ATM/Ethernet / >Load sharing in S1 >S1 divided to S1-U (to UPE) and S1C (to CPE) >Single node failure has limited effects

S1
eNB

aGW X2 S8 eNB aGW X2

eNB

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> SAE architecture [3GPP TS 23.401]

GERAN Gb Iu HSS PCRF

UTRAN
X1

GPRS Core

S6 S7

Rx+

S3

S4 Operator IP services (including IMS, PSS, ...)

eNB

S1

MME UPE aGW

S11

SAE GW

S5

PDN SAE GW

SGi

X1

X2

Evolved Packet Core

S2

eNB Non-3GPP IP Access Evolved RAN

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SAE architechture [3GPP TS 23.401]

TBD HSS S1 eNB S6a S11 aGW X2 S8 eNB aGW TBD S11 Operator IP service, including IMS IASA SGi S5 SAE GW PCRF

S7

TBD

PDN SAE GW

eNB

Evolved RAN

aGW = MME/UPE

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

Functions of eNB
> Terminates RRC, RLC and MAC protocols and takes care of Radio Resource Management functions
Controls radio bearers Controls radio admissions Controls mobility connections Allocates radio resources dynamically (scheduling) Receives measurement reports from UE

> Selects MME at UE attachment > Schedules and transmits paging messages coming from MME > Schedules and transmits broadcast information coming from MME & O&M > Decides measurement report configuration for mobility and scheduling > Does IP header compression and encryption of user data streams

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

Functions of aGW
> Takes care of Mobility Management Entity (MME) functions
Manages and stores UE context Generates temporary identities and allocates them to UEs Checks authorization Distributes paging messages to eNBs Takes care of security protocol Controls idle state mobility Control SAE bearers Ciphers & integrity protects NAS signaling

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> Takes care of User Plane Entity (UPE) functions

Terminates for idle state UEs the downlink data path and triggers/initiates paging when downlink data arrive for the UE. Manages and stores UE contexts, e.g. parameters of the IP bearer service or network internal routing information. Switches user plane for UE mobility Terminates user plane packets for paging reasons

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

Functions

S1

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> LTE Control Plane

UE

eNB

aGW

NAS PDCP RRC RLC MAC PHY PDCP RRC RLC

NAS

MAC
PHY
S1

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> LTE User Plane

UE

eNB

aGW

IP PDCP RLC MAC PHY PDCP RLC MAC PHY

S1

IP

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

GTP-U tunneling
Header compression & encryption

UE

X1

eNB

S1

UPE

S11

SAE GW S5

PDN SAE GW

SGi

Server
Application

Application

TCP/UDP u

TCP/UDP

IPv6/v4

PDCP RLC

ENC PDCP GTP-U RLC MAC UDP

IP L2

IPv6/v4
GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U

GTP-U

UDP IP L2 L1

UDP IP L2 L1

UDP IP L2 L1

UDP IP L2 L1

UDP IP

L2

L2

L2

MAC

L2
L1

L1

L1

L1

Radio L1

Radio L1

L1

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

Non-3GPP access tunneling

UE
WLAN

AP
S2

PDN SAE GW HA
SGi

Server
Application

TCP/UDP

IPv4/6

IPv4/6

MIP UDP

MIP UDP

IP
L2

IPv6/v4
L2 L2

IP

IP

IP

IP

IP

L2 L1

L2 L1

L2 L1

L2

L1

L1

L1

L1

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

Testing challenges with LTE

> How to optimize radio interface?
No radio measurement data available since no Iub-like interface

> Increased complexity of eNB

need for analysis of internal traffic need for internal debugging need for analysis of protocol data

> > > > > >

How to test inter-eNB handovers? How to test inter-system handovers? How to test voice and video broadcast? 10x higher throughput How to verify eNB performance? How to test application level QoS? How to verify SLA? How to handle network management challenges?

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi

LTE standardisation status

> > > > > Specification work done by 3GPP TS RAN. First 3GPP specs expected 3Q2007 First trials expected 2008 Commercial release expected 2009 NetHawk is member in 3GPP and follows closely the standardisation work

2007

2008

2009

Specification

Trials

Commercial Release

First 3GPP specs expected 3Q/2007

3 May 2007 www.nethawk.fi