Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Finished An Approach To Designing Seven Segment Static Displ
Finished An Approach To Designing Seven Segment Static Displ
Finished An Approach To Designing Seven Segment Static Displ
Ezekwe Chinwe Genevra, 2Okwu Patrick Ikechukwu,2 Mbonu ekene Samuel,4 U e !naemeka Go will,
1, 2, 3 & 4
Electronics Development Institute, Awka National agency for cience an! Engineering Infrastructure "NA ENI# $e!eral ministry of cience an! %ec&nology, Nigeria norakin"chi#$ahoo%com, okwu&i#"mail%com mbo'eke'(am#$ahoo%com, 4"o willnnaemeka#"mail%com, ABSTRACT A seven-segment dis !"#$ %& seven-segment IINTROD;CTION indi'"t%&$ is " (%&m %(e't&%ni' dis !"# devi'e (%& dis !"#ing de'im"! "! )"*ets-n+me&"!s t)"t is "n "!te&n"tive t% t)e m%&e '%m !e, d%t-m"t&i, dis !"#s- N%&m"!!# seven segment dis !"# !ette& (&%m "-g t)en n+m*e&s (&%m .-/ 0+ite +n!i1e ninesegment$ (%+&teen-segment "nd si,teen-segmentD+e t% t)ese !imit"ti%ns$ m%st dis !"# &%2e'ts g% (%& d%t m"t&i, dis !"# even 3it) t)e "dv"nt"ges %( s)"& dis !"# "nd "v"i!"*i!it# %( seven segmentsT)is " e& &esents v"&i%+s 3"#s %( '%m*ining ie'e-3ise '%ntin+%+s "!g%&it)m '%ded mi'&%'%nt&%!!e& t3% seven segment dis !"# t% "')ieve %t)e& !ette&s (&%m )-4 +sing vi" "n "ssem*!# A seven segment !isplay, as its name in!icates, is compose! of seven elements' In!ivi!ually on or off, t&ey can (e com(ine! to pro!uce simplifie! representations of t&e Englis& an! Ara(ic numerals )4*' +ften t&e seven segments are arrange! in an o(li,ue "slante!# arrangement, w&ic& ai!s rea!a(ility' In most applications, t&e seven segments are of nearly uniform s&ape an! si-e "usually elongate! &e.agons, t&oug& trape-oi!s an! rectangles can also (e use!#, t&oug& in t&e case of a!!ing mac&ines, t&e vertical segments are longer an! more o!!ly s&ape! at t&e en!s in an effort to furt&er en&ance rea!a(ility' In some / segment 0EDs, an a!!itional segment is use! to !enote a !ecimal point an! is referre! to as D1' In some 0EDs an e.tra triangle is also inclu!e! to turn t&is !ecimal point in to a comma, w&ic& improves t&e rea!a(ility of larger num(ers)2*' %&is allows for one !igit to (e place! upsi!e !own along wit& anot&er !igit, suc& t&at t&e two !ecimal points appear like a colon (etween t&e !igits'
5AT6/C789- T)e " e& "!s% &esents "n "')ieved )#si'"! &%2e't 3it) seven- segment (%& ("'+!t# %( s'ien'e in t)e (%&m :FAC;LTY OF SCIENCE<We 3&%te '%des in "ssem*!# !"ng+"ge vi" n%te "d$ 3)i') m+st *e s"ved "s -"sm (i!e- T)e s"ved (i!e 3"s *+i!t 3it) "n "ssem*!e& 5MIDI - 789 3)i') gene&"ted t)&ee (i!es= )e, (i!e$ %*2 (i!e "nd !ist (i!eT)e )e, (i!e 3"s +sed (%& t)e sim+!"ti%n %( t)e design in P&%te+s >-> VSM &%(essi%n"! "nd *+&ning %( t)e mi'&%'%nt&%!!e& (%& '%nst&+'ti%nT)e &es+!ts 3e&e %ve&3)e!ming "s t)e ie'e-3ise '%ntin+%+s "!g%&it)m 3"s im !emented$ '&e"ting &%%ms (%& m"ni +!"ti%n %( >-segments t% (%&m nine ? segment$ 8@-segments "nd si,teen-segment dis !"#s[Key words: seven segment, piece wise continuous algorithm, microcontroller]
$ig 1'1A
manipulating two seven5segments to get an accurate !isplay of t&e alp&a(et we want to !isplay' econ!ly, N+m*e& . 8 E F @ 7 G > 6 / A On +ff On On +ff On +ff On On On B On On On On On +ff +ff On On On C On On +ff On On On On On On +ff D On +ff On On +ff On On +ff On +ff E On +ff On +ff +ff +ff On +ff On On ( On +ff +ff +ff On On On +ff On On g +ff +ff On On On On On +ff On On we wrote co!es in assem(ly language via notepa!, w&ic& must (e save! as 'asm file' %&e save! file was (uilt wit& an assem(ler "9IDI 5 :1# w&ic& generate! t&ree files; &e. file, o(< file an! list file' %&e &e. file was use! for t&e simulation of t&e !esign in 1roteus /'/ = 9 professional an! (urning of t&e microcontroller for construction' %&ir!ly t&e
programme! microcontroller wit& ot&er components were use! to ac&ieve p&ysical !esign of t&e researc& w&ic& is functional' IV- RELATED LITERAT;RE even5segment !isplays are ma!e wit& 0ED>s' t&ey are arrange! in a pattern t&at represents t&e num(er ?@> "see figure 1 a(ove#' Num(ers like A5B can (e !isplaye! an! some of t&e alp&a(ets t&at can (e possi(le in seven5segment (y turning !ifferent 0ED>s on or off' %&e various segments may (e lig&t up to form t&e numeric !igits from A to B' Displays wit& more segments yiel! a muc& more realistic alp&a(et)@*' %&e seven segment !isplay !oes not allow true !escen!ers on letters suc& as Cg8, C<8, Cp8, C,8, an! Cy8' It also !oes not allow !iagonal strokes on letters' %&e (o.y nature of t&e seven5segment !isplay woul! also make letters suc& as C+8 an! CD8 an! t&e num(er CA8 in!istinguis&a(le' %&e voltage !rop across a 0ED segment is typically in t&e 2 volt range' %&e output from a !isplay !river is in t&e range of : volts' A 22A D to 33A D resistors is commonly place! in series to limit t&e current an! provi!e a voltage !rop in t&e 3 volt range' IV-8 Seven-segment de'%de&Dd&ive&C A8BSeven ? segment !eco!ers are use! to take a four5(it E2D input an! provi!e t&e outputs t&at will pass current t&roug& t&e appropriate segments to !isplay t&e !ecimal !igit' %&e 45(it will (e passe! to t&e circuit w&ic& will convert it into /5(it t&at will
T"*!e 8C Seven-segment t&+t) t"*!e In a!!ition to t&e ten numerals, seven segment !isplays can (e use! to s&ow letters of t&e 0atin)3*, 2yrillic an! 3reek alp&a(ets inclu!ing punctuation, (ut only few representations are unam(iguous an! intuitive at t&e same time4 uppercase ), *, C, E, +, G, ,, I, -, ., O, P, S, U, , an! lowercase a, b, c, , ", h, i, n, o, /, r, t, u' %&us, a! &oc an! corporate solutions !ominate t&e fiel! of alp&a(etic on seven5segment !isplays, w&ic& is usually not consi!ere! essential an! only use! for (asic notifications, suc& as internal test messages on e,uipment un!er !evelopment' II' STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In Nigeria, Englis& language is t&e general language spoken an! un!erstoo! (y almost all an! t&ere are twenty5 si. letters of Englis& language' even segment !isplay (eing t&e most common !oes not !isplay all upper an! lower case alp&a(et' %&is &as move! most !isplay !esigners away from seven segment to !ot matri. !isplay even w&en it is t&e most efficient an! effective in luminosity' In or!er to solve t&is pro(lem an! increase t&e usa(ility of seven segment, we em(arke! into t&is researc& using $A260%7 +$ 2IEN2E8 as our case stu!y t&roug& piece5wise continuous algorit&m ' IIIO*2e'tive %( st+d# %&is researc& work is (ase! on t&e knowle!ge of seven5segment !isplay an! more specifically on t&e creation of piece5wise continuous algorit&m, (y
control t&e !isplay' o we &ave wire! t&e pins t&at control t&em to F:v or groun! w&ere appropriate' ince t&ere are seven5segments, one woul! assume t&at you woul! nee! seven outputs from t&e 1I2 to !isplay one !igit' Gere we are using a c&ip t&at will take four (it an! convert it to t&e /5(it output for t&e seven5segment !isplay' IV-E Seven segment '%nne'ti%ns %&ere are two important ways of seven5segment !isplay connection' 2ommon Ano!e Display "F# 2ommon 2at&o!e Display "5#
pin of a!!ress or !ata (us' Designs re,uiring a minimum of e.ternal memory or ot&er e.ternal component use t&is port for general purpose IJ+ ports' %&e fi.e! amount of on5c&ip I+9, IA9, an! num(er of IJ+ ports makes t&em i!eal for many applications in w&ic& cost an! space are critical' In many applications, t&e space it takes, t&e power it consumes, an! t&e price per unit are muc& more critical consi!erations t&an t&e computing power '
In common Ano!e !isplay, t&e ano!e of all t&e 0ED>s on t&e segment are collecte! an! <oine! toget&er an! t&e in!ivi!ual segments are illuminate! (y connecting to a 0ow voltage)/*' In a common cat&o!e !isplay, t&e cat&o!es of t&e 0ED>s are <oine! toget&er an! t&e in!ivi!ual segments are illuminate! (y connecting to Gig& voltage' /5segement 0ED is capa(le of !isplaying !ifferent !igits, accor!ing to w&ic& of t&e segments are turne! on or off' Gowever, it will (e clumsy an! inconvenient to &ave to (uil! t&e necessary logic gate structure to turn in!ivi!ual segment on or off to !isplay any !igit of your c&oice' $or t&e purpose of !eign, A%@B :2 &ave to (e selecte!' It is specially !esigne! to (e a(le to !rive t&e 0ED !isplay' +ne of t&e most important precautions to take in any /5segment construction is to ensure t&at t&e rig&t kin! of !isplay is use! (efore starting t&e assem(ling)H*' IV-F Mi'&%'%nt&%!!e& t&e @A:1 is a family of microcontroller "Ics# !evelope!, manufacture!, an! markete! (y IN%E0 co5operation' +t&er "ics# manufacturers suc& as A%9E0, 1GI01 , A9D, 9A%IA, an! EI9EN are license! secon!source of t&e !evice):*' As evi!ence, t&e @A:1 microcontroller 4A5pins "I2# functions as IJ+ port line' Gowever, 24 of t&ese lines are !ual purpose' Eac& can operate as a controller or Fig- F t)e &%g&"mme& VMet)%d%!%g# Ke wrote co!es in %&e met&o!ology use! in t&is pro<ect is Iapi! Application Development' Assem(le language wit& notepa!, save t&e file as 'asm file e.tension' %&e 'asm file was opene! in 95 IDE stu!io for 92 5 :1 w&ere it was (uil! an! compile!' After t&e compilation, t&ree files were generate!; 'list file, '&e. file, 'o(< file' Ke use! only t&e '&e. file to (urn in t&e compile! assem(ly language into t&e A%@A2:1 wit& a programmer' Kit& t&e '&e. file also we !esign a simulate! mo!el of t&e Fig- E- T)e mi'&%'%nt&%!!e&A7B %&e @A:1 (ecame wi!ely popular after allowing ot&er manufactures to make an! market any flavor of t&e @A:1, (ut remaining co!e5compati(le' IV-@ T)e mi'&%'%nt&%!!e& P&%g&"mme& A programmer is an electronic !evice use! to (urn programming language "especially Assem(ly language an! 2 language# after compilation into a microcontroller mostly use! (y !igital !esigners' %&ese programmers come in !ifferent si-es an! s&apes, from !ifferent companies'
system proteus = 9 professional version /'/ as s&own in fig' 4 a, (, c, !, e, f, g, as Eoolean varia(les +n L1 +ff LA I$ Ca8 is on !isplay C18
0 1 0 @ 0 B 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 : 0 H 0 /
Else !isplay CA8 %o !isplay ?$> A, E, 2, D, E, $, 3, K&en AL1 ELA 2LA DLA EL1 $L1
9icrocontroller
0 1A
01 1
01 2
01 3
01 4
01 :
01 H
Fig- @ sim+!"ted design %( t)e s#stem in s)eet 8 "nd s)eet $rom t&e simulate! !esign t&e construction of t&e p&ysical system starte! w&ic& is ma!e up of many electronic an! electrical components' %&is system make use! of piece5wise continuous algorit&m in w&ic& two seven5segments are manipulate! to form 145segments w&ic& can !isplay e.tra c&aracters in 6ppercase' %&e piece5 wise continuous algorit&m is fully !emonstrate! (elow; A03+II%G9 %+ DI 10A7 CFAC;LTY OF SCIENCE8 using seven5segment !isplay
EL1 $L1 3L1 ?A>L 111A111 %o !isplay ?2> K&en AL1 ELA 2LA DL1 EL1 $L1 3LA ?2>L 1AA111A
a f e g ! ( c $ E
A E 3 D
%o !isplay ?6>
2 4
2L1 DL1 EL1 $L1 3LA ?6>L A11111A %o !isplay ?0> K&en ALA ELA 2LA DL1 EL1 $L1 3LA ?0>L AAA111A %o !isplay ?%> "t&is is w&ere piece5wise continuous algorit&m is applie! to ac&ieve C%8 in upper case#' $or egment "1# K&en AL1, AL1 EL1 ELA 2L1 2LA DLA DLA ELA EL1 $LA $L1 3LA 3LA egment 1 F segment 2 L $ L 111AAAA1AAA11A $or egment "2# w&en
ELA $L1 3L1 ?7>L A11AA11 %o !isplay ?+> K&en AL1 EL1 2L1 DL1 EL1 $L1 3LA ?+>L 111111A %o !isplay ? > K&en AL1 ELA 2L1 DL1 ELA $L1 3L1 ? >L 1A11A11 %o !isplay ?I> K&en ALA ELA 2LA DLA EL1 $L1 3LA ?I>L AAAA11A %o !isplay ?N>
tart
%o !isplay ?E> K&en AL1 ELA 2LA DL1 EL1 $L1 3L1 ?E>L 1AA1111 Display C$A260%7 +$ 2IEN2E8 VI- DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION As menti%ned "*%ve all t&e electrical an! electronic components were connecte! an! sol!ere! toget&er (y us, several testing an! corrections were !one on t&e system to (ring out a functional system' %&e overall !esign flow was summari-e! in fig' :'to power on t&is !isplay system , an alternating current "A2# of 22Av enters t&e transformer from t&e step5!own point, t&e step5!own re!uces t&e current from 22Av to 1@ to 12v nee!e! to !isplay eac& segment after passing t&roug& resistors of "1AAw 5/Ao&ms# an! capacitors w&ic& &elps to control t&e flow of &ig& voltage from t&e segments in or!er not to cause !amage to t&e 0EDs insi!e t&e segment, an! also stores electrical c&arges respectively' %o !isplay any particular segment of eac& !igit, t&e controlling integrate! circuit will turn on t&e cat&o!e !river for t&e selecte! !igit an! t&e ano!e !river for t&e selecte! !igit too; wit& t&e &elp of t&e clock cycle on t&e circuit, it pro!uces a s&ort (linking interval w&ic& will &elp a new segment to lig&t' VI8 Det"i!ed im !ement"ti%n !"ns Fig- design (!%3 Ste E B+&ning %( t)e '%m i!ed '%des int% mi'&%'%nt&%!!e& AT6/C78 3it) " 3en%n &%g&"mme&Ste F
2ircuit !iagram ystem !esign =ero5 (oar! egments ol!ering Iesistors ol!ering %ransistor ol!ering 1ower !io!e ol!ering 2onnecting ca(les %esting 1ackaging top
%&ese are t&e various steps for t&e implantation of t&is seven5segment !isplay system' tep 1
C%nst&+'ti%n %( t)e '%nt&%! +nit 3it) t)e mi'&%'%nt&%!!e& 3it) %t)e& '%m %nents-
VII-
RES;LT &ow
seven5segment can (e manipulate! to !isplay all letters (ot& upper an! lower case' %&is was ac&ieve! an! it was very interesting t&roug& t&e use of piece5 wise continuous algorit&m t&ere(y creating room for manipulation of /5segments to form 145segments, B5 Fig- G ste F di"g&"m Ste @ C%nst&+'ti%n %( dis !"# +nit 3it) t)e ie'e 3ise '%ntin+%+s "!g%&it)msegment an! 1H5 segment' As researc&ers, we (elieve t&at t&ere is always a room for more improvement on t&is researc& work' %&is pro<ect can (e wi!ely use! in many sector of our economy like in (anks, sc&ools, offices, c&urc&es an! traffic control' %&erefore, if more improvements are ma!e on t&is researc&, it can &ave wi!er application areas, VIIIFig- > t)e ie'e 3ise '%ntin+%+s "!g%&it)m )1* Io(ert, +ptimi-ing t&e -ilog M@ $ort& 9icrocontroller for Iapi! 1rototyping, p354, 1BBH )2* N' Ional!, "9onroe community college# an! neals, ' "pur!ue 6niversity#' Digital B, 2A11, systems, principle an! applications "@ t& e!ition# ' Ietrieve! on August Fig- 6 t)e dis !"# +nit Ste 7 T)e '%m*in"ti%n %( t)e '%nt&%! +nit "nd t)e dis !"# +nit t% "')ieve " (+n'ti%n"! s#stem)3* 0' Guelsman,' Easic circuit %&eory wit& Digital 2omputations' applications on in eries in computer engineering' 2A11, from electrical B, from segmentO!isplay , 1BB@ &ttp4JJen'wikipe!ia'orgJwikiJ even5 REFERENCES
Englewoo! cliffs4 prentice PGall' Ietrieve! eptem(er &ttp4JJwikipe!ia'orgJwikiJseven5 segment!isplaycategories, 1B/A Fig- / ste 7 di"g&"m Ste G P"'1"ging %( t)e 3%&1ing s#stem)4 * even5 egment Displays4&ttp4JJwww'electronics5 pro<ect5!esign'comJsevensegment!isplays'&tml ):* 9acDonal!, ) Surve$ o0 1i"ital Pro"rammin" S$(tem(, 1rocee!ings of t&e Australasian 2onference on Digital ystem an! Display, Eris(ane, Australia, 2AA3
)H* 9antega--a,' Ieal %ime Application Interface "I%AI# in low cost &ig& performance motion control, 9otion 2ontrol 2AA3, a conference Na-ionale "National of ANI10A, per Associa-ione l>Automa-ione for Italiana Italian
Association
Automation#, 9ilano, Italy' Ietrieve! on 9arc& 2/, 2A1A, 2AA3 Q' )/* Iic&ar!, Alp&a Arc&itecture, Digital %ec&nology <ournal, Digital e,uipment corporation' 4 "4# pp' ::5:@,1BB3' )@* Eom,' 5I' A& 5 RDistur(ance +(server Ease! ensorR 5 proc' of t&e IEEE
$orce 2ontrol of Io(ot 9anipulator wit&out $orce International conference on Io(otics & Automation P 0euven, Eelgium P 9ay 1BB@' Ietrieve! on Nuly 22, 2A11, 1BB@