Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ws7 Manual
Ws7 Manual
Ws7 Manual
This document supports the version of each product listed and supports all subsequent versions until the document is replaced by a new edition. To check for more recent editions of this document, see http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.
EN-000168-00
You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at: http://www.vmware.com/support/ The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to: docfeedback@vmware.com
Copyright 19982009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws. VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at http://www.vmware.com/go/patents. VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
Contents
AboutThisBook
19
1 IntroductionandSystemRequirements 21
ProductBenefits 21 OverviewofThisManual 22 HostSystemRequirements 23 PCHardware 23 Memory 23 Display 24 DiskDrives 24 LocalAreaNetworking 25 HostOperatingSystem 25 VirtualMachineSpecifications 29 Processor 29 ChipSet 29 BIOS 30 Memory 30 Graphics 30 IDEDrives 30 SCSIDevices 30 FloppyDrives 31 Serial(COM)Ports 31 Parallel(LPT)Ports 31 USBPorts 31 Keyboard 31 MouseandDrawingTablets 31 EthernetCard 32 Sound 32 VirtualNetworking 32 SupportedGuestOperatingSystems 32 Supportfor64BitGuestOperatingSystems 37
VMware, Inc.
2 InstallingandUpgradingVMwareWorkstation 39
InstallationPrerequisites 39 SharingaWorkstationHostwithOtherVMwareProducts 40 InstallWorkstationonaWindowsHost 41 InstallWorkstationSilently 42 UninstallWorkstationfromaWindowsHost 44 InstallWorkstationonaLinuxHost 44 UsingCommandLineInstallationOptions 46 UninstallWorkstationfromaLinuxHost 47 PreparingforanUpgrade 47 UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHost 48 UpgradingtoaWindowsVistaandWindows7Host 49 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHost 51
3 LearningWorkstationBasics 53
StartWorkstationonaWindowsHost 53 StartWorkstationonaLinuxHost 54 OverviewoftheWorkstationWindow 54 HomePageandViews 56 ToolbarButtons 59 ViewtheSidebar 62 FavoritesListintheSidebar 63 CheckforProductUpdates 65 QuicklyCreateaVirtualMachineandInstallanOperatingSystem 66 IntroductiontoWorkstationPreferences 67 IntroductiontoVirtualMachineSettings 69 HardwareTab 69 OptionsTab 70 ClosingVirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstation 71 SetaVirtualMachinetoRunintheBackground 72 KeyboardShortcuts 72 ChangetheHotKeyCombination 74 GatheringInformationforVMwareTechnicalSupport 75 RegisterandCreateaSupportRequest 75 GatherDebuggingInformationforaVirtualMachine 75 RunningtheSupportScript 76
VMware, Inc.
Contents
4 CreatingandUpgradingaVirtualMachine 79
MethodsofCreatingVirtualMachines 79 ConfigurationOptionsfortheNewVirtualMachineWizard 80 EasyInstallFeatureforSomeGuestOperatingSystems 80 TypicalComparedtoCustomConfigurations 82 GuestOperatingSystemSelection 83 VirtualMachineLocation 83 VirtualHardwareCompatibilityLevels 84 NumberofProcessors 84 MemoryAllocation 85 NetworkConnectionType 85 I/OAdapterTypes 86 DiskTypes 86 NormalandIndependentDiskModes 87 VirtualDisksandPhysicalDisks 87 DiskCapacity 88 PocketACEDiskSizeCalculatoronWindowsOnly 88 UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizard 89 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystem 89 InstallationRequirementsfortheESXGuestOperatingSystem 90 RespondtoEasyInstallPrompts 90 InstallaGuestOperatingSystemManually 91 UseaParavirtualizedKernelinLinuxGuests 93 UpgradeaGuestOperatingSystem 94 ChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachine 94 UsinganOlderVersionVirtualMachineWithoutUpgrading 96 FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachine 97
5 InstallingandUsingVMwareTools 101
ComponentsofVMwareTools 101 VMwareToolsService 102 VMwareDeviceDrivers 102 VMwareUserProcess 103 VMwareToolsControlPanel 104 InstallingVMwareTools 104 InstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuest 104 ConfiguretheVideoDriveronOlderVersionsofWindows 105 AutomatetheInstallationofVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuest 106
VMware, Inc.
InstallVMwareToolsinaLinuxGuest 109 InstallVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuest 111 InstallVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuest 112 InstallVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuest 113 StarttheVMwareUserProcessManuallyIfYouDoNotUseaSession Manager 114 VMwareToolsUpdateProcess 115 HowAutomaticUpdatesOccur 115 HowYouAreNotifiedtoDoaManualUpdate 116 UseGlobalSettingstoUpdateVMwareToolsAutomatically 116 SetVMwareToolsUpdateOptionsforEachVirtualMachine 117 UpdateVMwareToolsinOlderWindowsVirtualMachines 117 UninstallVMwareTools 118 RepairorChangeInstalledModulesinaWindowsGuest 118 OpentheVMwareToolsControlPanel 119 UsetheWindowsControlPaneltoDisplaytheTaskbarIcon 120 OptionsTabSettings 120 DevicesTabSettings 122 ScriptsTabSettings 122 ShrinkTabSettings 123 AboutTab 123 ConfigureVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuest 123 CustomizationstoVMwareTools 125 HowVMwareToolsScriptsAffectPowerStates 125 ExecuteCommandsAfterYouPowerOfforResetaVirtualMachine 128 PassingaStringfromtheHosttotheGuestatStartup 129 PassingInformationBetweentheGuestandAnotherProgram 131 UsetheVMwareToolsServiceCommandLineInterface 132
6 CreatingaVirtualMachinefromaSystemImageorAnotherVirtual
Machine 133
ConversionProcessforImportingfromOtherFormats 133 VMwareConverterComparedtotheConversionWizard 135 SupportedSourceMachines 135 ImportingfromVariousSources 136 SupportedDestinations 140 DesignatingaDestinationforaVirtualMachine 140 ConversionImpactonSettings 142 MigrationIssuesCausedbyHardwareChanges 143
6 VMware, Inc.
Contents
144
7 GettingStartedwithVirtualMachines 147
StartingaVirtualMachine 148 StartaVirtualMachinefromtheWorkstationUserInterface 148 StartaVirtualMachineThatIsRunningintheBackground 149 StartaVirtualMachinebyUsingVMStreaming 149 VirtualMachineLocation 150 ShutDownaVirtualMachine 151 ConfigurePowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachine 152 DownloadComponents 153 PausingaVirtualMachine 154 PauseFeatureLimitations 154 PauseandUnpauseaVirtualMachine 155 EncryptingaVirtualMachine 155 RestrictionsonEncryption 156 EncryptaVirtualMachine 156 RemoveEncryptionfromaVirtualMachine 157 ChangethePasswordforanEncryptedVirtualMachine 157 DeleteaVirtualMachine 158 ControllingtheVirtualMachineDisplay 158 UsingUnityMode 158 UseFullScreenMode 162 UseQuickSwitchMode 165 UseExclusiveMode 165 UseMultipleMonitorsforOneVirtualMachine 166 UseMultipleMonitorsforMultipleVirtualMachines 169 FittingtheWorkstationConsoletotheVirtualMachineDisplay 169 WorkingwithNonstandardResolutions 171 ConfiguringVideoandSound 172 SettingScreenColorDepth 172 SupportforDirect3DGraphics 173 ConfiguringSound 175 InstallNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachine 179 DisableAccelerationIfaProgramDoesNotRun 179 ReportBatteryInformationintheGuest 180
VMware, Inc.
UseHostPrintersinaVirtualMachine 180 UseRemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachine 181 ConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachine 182 CreateaScreenshotofaVirtualMachine 183 CreateandPlayBackaMovieofaVirtualMachine 184 AdvancedOptionsforApplicationDevelopers 185
8 TransferringFilesandTextBetweentheHostandGuest 187
UsingtheDragandDropFeature 187 EnableorDisabletheDragandDropFeature 188 UsingtheCopyandPasteFeature 189 EnableorDisabletheCopyandPasteFeature 190 UsingSharedFolders 190 SetUpSharedFolders 191 EnablingandDisablingSharedFolders 193 ViewingaSharedFolder 195 PermissionsandFolderMountingforSharedFoldersonLinuxGuests 196 UsingaMappedDrive 198 MaporMountaVirtualDisktoaDriveontheHost 199 DisconnecttheHostfromtheVirtualDisk 200
9 PreservingtheStateofaVirtualMachine 201
UsingtheSuspendandResumeFeatures 201 UseHardSuspendorSoftSuspend 201 SuspendorResumeaVirtualMachine 202 UsingSnapshots 203 ScenariosforUsingMultipleSnapshots 203 InformationCapturedbySnapshots 205 SnapshotConflicts 206 EnableorDisableBackgroundSnapshots 206 ExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshots 207 SnapshotManagerOverview 208 TakeaSnapshot 209 RenameaSnapshotorRecording 210 RestoreanEarlierStatefromaSnapshot 211 DeleteaSnapshotoraRecording 212 TakeorReverttoaSnapshotatPowerOff 213 UsingAutoProtectSnapshots 214 SnapshotsandWorkstation4VirtualMachines 215
8 VMware, Inc.
Contents
10 Cloning,Moving,andSharingVirtualMachines 217
TheVirtualMachinesUniversalUniqueIdentifier 217 UUIDOptionsWhenYouMoveaVirtualMachine 218 SpecifyaUUIDforaVirtualMachine 218 CloningaVirtualMachine 219 TypesofClones 220 CreatingClones 221 MovingaVirtualMachine 223 HostswithDifferentHardware 223 MoveaVirtualMachinetoaNewLocationoraNewHost 225 MovinganOlderVirtualMachine 226 MovingLinkedClones 227 SharingVirtualMachineswithOtherUsers 227 UsingVNCforRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachine 228 ConfigureaVirtualMachineasaVNCServer 228 UseaVNCClienttoConnecttoaVirtualMachine 229 MakeVirtualMachinesAvailableforStreamingfromaWebServer 230 SharingVirtualMachineswithVMwarePlayer 231 StartandExitVMwarePlayer 232 SettingUpVirtualMachinesforUsewithVMwarePlayer 233
11 UsingDisksandDiskDrives 235
VirtualMachineDiskStorage 235 BenefitsofUsingVirtualDisks 236 PhysicalDisks 238 VirtualDiskMaintenanceTasks 238 DefragmentVirtualDisks 239 CompactaVirtualDisk 240 ExpandaVirtualDisk 240 AddingVirtualandPhysicalDiskstoaVirtualMachine 241 AddaNewVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachine 242 AddanExistingVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachine 243 RemoveaVirtualDiskfromaVirtualMachine 243 UsingPhysicalDisksinaVirtualMachine 244 AddingDVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachine 250 AddDVDorCDDrivestoaVirtualMachine 250 AddaFloppyDrivetoaVirtualMachine 252 ConnectaCDROM,DVD,orFloppyDrivetoanImageFile 253
VMware, Inc.
12 RecordingandReplayingVirtualMachineActivity 257
UsesoftheRecord/ReplayFeature 257 PhysicalandVirtualHardwareRequirements 258 ConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachine 259 RecordControlDialogBoxFeatures 261 ReplayControlDialogBoxFeatures 262 CreateaRecording 264 ReplayaRecording 265 BrowseaRecording 266 UsinganExecutionTraceFileofaRecording 266 EnableExecutionTracingforaRecording 267 CreateanExecutionTraceFileofaRecording 268 MaintenanceTasksforUsingRecordings 268 DeleteaRecording 268 DisablePeriodicScreenshots 269
13 ConfiguringTeams 271
BenefitsofUsingTeams 271 ManagingTeams 272 CreateaTeam 272 OpenaTeamandAddIttotheFavoritesList 273 RenameaTeam 274 PowerOfforCloseaTeam 274 DeleteaTeam 275 SummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachines 276 ManagingtheMembersofaTeam 276 AddaVirtualMachinetoaTeam 276 RemoveaVirtualMachinefromaTeam 277 SpecifytheStartupSequenceforaTeam 278 PowerOperationsforTeamsandTheirMembers 279 PowerOnaTeam 279 SuspendorResumeaTeam 279 PerformPowerOperationsonOneTeamMember 280
10
VMware, Inc.
Contents
WorkingwithTeamNetworks 280 LANSegmentRequirementsRegardingIPAddresses 280 CreateaTeamLANSegment 281 ConfigureLANSegments 281 AddorRemoveNetworkAdapters 282 DeleteaLANSegment 283 CloningandTakingSnapshotsofTeamVirtualMachines 283
14 ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork 285
ComponentsoftheVirtualNetwork 285 VirtualSwitch 285 DHCPServer 286 NetworkAdapter 286 CommonNetworkingConfigurations 286 BridgedNetworking 287 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT) 289 HostOnlyNetworking 290 ExampleofaCustomNetworkingConfiguration 291 SetUpaCustomNetworkingConfiguration 292 ChangingaNetworkingConfiguration 295 FindtheNetworkTypeofaVirtualMachine 295 AddVirtualNetworkAdapters 295 ModifyExistingVirtualNetworkAdapters 296 ConfiguringBridgedNetworking 297 ConfigureVMnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaWindowsHost 297 Configurevmnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaLinuxHost 298 SettingUpaSecondAutomaticBridgedNetworkInterface 299 ChangingtheSubnetorDHCPSettingsforaVirtualNetwork 299 ChangeSubnetorDHCPSettingsonaWindowsHost 300 ChangeSubnetorDHCPSettingsonaLinuxHost 300 ConfiguringHostVirtualNetworkAdapters 301 ConnectorDisconnectaHostVirtualNetworkAdapter 301 SettingUpTwoSeparateHostOnlyNetworks 302
VMware, Inc.
11
15 AdvancedVirtualNetworking 303
SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfiguration 304 HowtheSubnetNumberIsAssigned 304 DeterminingWhethertoUseDHCPorStaticallyAssignAddresses 305 DHCPConventionsforAssigningIPAddresses 305 ConfiguretheDHCPServeronaWindowsHost 306 ConfiguretheDHCPServeronaLinuxHost 306 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetwork 306 DisablePacketForwardingonWindowsHosts 307 DisablePacketForwardingonLinuxHosts 308 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachine 308 AvoidingMACAddressChanges 308 AssigntheSameMACAddresstoAnyVirtualMachineManually 309 ControllingRoutingInformationforaHostOnlyNetworkonLinux 310 PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonLinux 311 DHCPDontheLinuxHostDoesNotWorkAfterInstallingWorkstation 311 DHCPandDDNS 311 ConfiguringHostOnlyVirtualMachines 312 SetUpUsingConfiguration1or2 312 SetUpUsingConfiguration3 313 CompleteConfiguringtheVirtualNetworkAdapters 313 SetUpRoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworks 314 UsingVirtualNetworkAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHost 316 UsingNAT 316 HowtheNATDeviceUsestheVMnet8VirtualSwitch 317 DHCPontheNATNetwork 317 DNSontheNATNetwork 318 ExternalAccessfromtheNATNetwork 318 AdvancedNATConfiguration 319 ConfigureNATonaWindowsHost 319 CustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHost 319 SpecifyingConnectionsfromPortsBelow1024 320 ConfiguringNATonaLinuxHost 321 ConsiderationsforUsingNAT 324 UsingNATwithNetLogon 324 SampleLinuxnat.confFile 327
12
VMware, Inc.
Contents
16 ConnectingDevices 331
UsingParallelPorts 331 AddaVirtualParallelPorttoaVirtualMachine 332 TroubleshootECRErrorsforParallelPorts 332 ConfiguringaParallelPortonaLinuxHost 333 UsingSerialPorts 335 AddaVirtualSerialPorttoaVirtualMachine 335 ChangetheInputSpeedoftheSerialConnection 337 DebuggingoveraVirtualSerialPort 338 ConfiguringKeyboardFeatures 339 UsetheEnhancedVirtualKeyboardforWindowsHosts 339 HotKeysforVirtualMachines 340 SpecifyaLanguageKeyboardMapforVNCClients 341 KeyboardMappingonaLinuxHost 342 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachine 351 EnabletheUSB2.0ControllerforaVirtualMachine 352 AddaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachine 352 ConnectingUSBDevices 353 USBDriverInstallationonaWindowsHost 355 AccessandUseaUSBDeviceonaLinuxHost 356 HowDeviceControlIsSharedBetweenHostandGuest 356 DisconnectingUSBDevicesfromaVirtualMachine 357 UseSmartCardswithVirtualMachines 358 SwitchtoUsingtheVirtualSmartCardReaderonLinuxHosts 360 DisableSmartCardSharing 360 SupportforGenericSCSIDevices 361 InstallingRequiredAdaptersorDriversforSomeWindowsGuests 362 AvoidingConcurrentAccessonLinuxHosts 363 AddaGenericSCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachine 363 TroubleshootProblemsDetectingGenericSCSIDevices 364 UseFourWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing 366 UseaVirtualMachineThatOriginallyHadMoreThanFourVirtual Processors 367
VMware, Inc.
13
17 SpecialPurposeConfigurationOptionsforWindowsHosts 369
RestrictingtheUserInterface 369 EnabletheRestrictedUserInterface 370 RestricttheUserInterfaceandReturntoaSnapshot 370 DisabletheRestrictedUserInterface 371 MakingaVirtualMachineAlwaysUseFullScreenSwitchMode 372 SpecifyGlobalConfigurationSettingsforFullScreenSwitchMode 372 VirtualKeyCodes 373 HotKeyforCyclingThroughVirtualMachinesandtheHostComputer 375 HotKeysforSwitchingDirectlytoVirtualMachinesandtheHost Computer 375 OtherEntriesintheGlobalConfigurationFile 376 UsingvmwarefullscreentoRunaVirtualMachine 377 GuestACPIS1Sleep 380
18 LearningtheBasicsofVMwareACE 381
BenefitsofUsingVMwareACE 381 KeyFeaturesofVMwareACE 382 VMwareACETerminology 383 NetworkandDiskSpaceRequirementsfortheAdministrativeWorkstation 384 OverviewofCreatingandDeployingACEPackages 385 OverviewoftheACEUserInterface 386 TroubleshootingUsersProblems 387
19 SettingandUsingPoliciesandCustomizingVMwarePlayer 389
BenefitsofUsingPolicies 390 SetPoliciesforACEInstances 390 SettingAccessControlPolicies 391 CreateorEditanAccessControlPolicy 392 ActivationSettings 392 AuthenticationSettings 393 UsinganAuthenticationScript 394 IncludeaPowerOnandPowerOffScriptinthePackage SetaRecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstances 396 SetActivationLimit 396 ActiveDirectoryPasswordChangeProxying 397
394
14
VMware, Inc.
Contents
SettingHosttoGuestDataScriptPolicies 397 SpecifyaScriptandaCommandtoRunIt 398 SettingExpirationPolicies 399 SettingCopyProtectionPolicies 400 SettingResourceSigningPolicies 401 SettingNetworkAccessPolicies 402 BeforeYouBeginSettingHostPolicies 402 UsetheNetworkAccessWizardtoConfigureNetworkAccess 403 GuidelinesforSpecifyingZoneConditions 404 UsingtheRulesetEditortoConfigureHostandGuestAccess 407 ChangeNATSettings 409 ConfigureWhichPhysicalNetworkAdaptertoUse 410 UnderstandingtheInteractionofHostandGuestAccessFilterswithTunneling Protocols 411 UpdatingaNetworkAccessPolicy 411 SettingRemovableDevicesPolicies 411 SettingUSBDevicePolicies 412 AccessLevelsforUSBDevices 412 SetanAccessPolicyforUSBDevices 412 SettingVirtualPrinterPolicies 414 SettingRuntimePreferencesPolicies 415 RuntimePreferencesSettings 415 EnhancedVirtualKeyboardSettings 416 ExitBehaviorSettings 416 PocketACECacheSettings 417 SettingSnapshotPolicies 418 SettingAdministratorModePolicies 419 UseAdministratorModeonanACEInstance 419 SettingKioskModePolicies 420 ChangetheKeyCombinationforExitingKioskMode 420 SettingHotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstances 421 SettingthePolicyUpdateFrequencyforManagedACEInstances 421 ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHost 422 WritingPlugInPolicyScripts 424 ExamplesofPolicyScripts 425 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerInterfaceonWindowsHostsOnly 428 CreateandSpecifyaSkinFile 428 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerIcons 429 CustomizingtheTitleBarText 430
VMware, Inc. 15
20 DeployingACEPackages 435
EditDeploymentSettings 435 EncryptionSettings 436 PackageLifetimeSettings 436 InstanceCustomizationonWindowsGuestsOnly 437 CustomEULASettings 445 DeploymentPlatformSettings 446 ACEResourcesDirectory 446 ReviewtheConfigurationofanACEEnabledVirtualMachine 447 UsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettings 448 CreatingaPackage 449 OverviewofPackageCreationandValidation 450 TurnOfftheVMwareToolsCheckforTestDeployments 451 PrerequisitesforUsingthePackagingWizards 452 UsetheNewPackageWizard 453 ViewPackagePropertiesandAddNotes 454 PerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTest 455 DeployPackages 456
21 PocketACE 457
UseCasesforPocketACE 458 PortableDeviceRequirements 459 PoliciesandDeploymentSettingsforPocketACE 460 CreateaPocketACEPackage 460 DeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDevice 461 UsetheGraphicalUtilitytoDeployPocketACEPackages 461 UsetheCommandLineUtilitytoDeployPocketACEPackages RunthePocketACEInstance 463
462
22 InstallingACEPackages 465
InstallinganACEPackageonaWindowsHost 465 InstallanACEInstanceonaSingleWindowsHost 466 InstallinganACEPackageSilentlyonMultipleWindowsHosts 466 UninstallVMwarePlayeroranACEinstancefromaWindowsHost 468
16
VMware, Inc.
Contents
InstallinganACEPackageonaLinuxHost 469 ManuallyInstallVMwarePlayeronaLinuxHost 469 InstalltheACEInstanceonaSingleLinuxHost 470 InstallanACEPackageSilentlyonMultipleLinuxHosts 471 PrepareaLinuxHostforRunninginKioskMode 472 UninstallVMwarePlayeroranACEInstancefromaLinuxHost 473 UpgradingACEInstancestoACE2.6 473 StartandUseanACEInstance 474 ChangeDefaultKioskModeStartupBehavior 475 UseMultipleVirtualMachinesinKioskMode 476 InstallanACEClientLicense 478 ChangetheACEClientLicense 478 QuitVMwarePlayer 479 TroubleshootingTools 479 UsingthevmwareacetoolCommandLineTool 479 RespondtoHotFixRequests 481 TroubleshootingSetupIssues 482
Appendix:WorkstationCommandLineReference
StartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtualMachines UsingStartupOptionsinaWindowsShortcut 487 485
485
Glossary
489
Index 495
VMware, Inc.
17
18
VMware, Inc.
Intended Audience
Thisbookisintendedforanyonewhoneedstoinstall,upgrade,oruseVMware Workstation.Workstationuserstypicallyincludepeoplewhodosoftwaredevelopment andtestingorworkwithmultipleoperatingsystemsorcomputingenvironments: softwaredevelopers,QAengineers,trainers,salespeoplewhorundemos,andanyone whowantstocreatevirtualmachines.
Document Feedback
VMwarewelcomesyoursuggestionsforimprovingourdocumentation.Ifyouhave comments,sendyourfeedbacktodocfeedback@vmware.com.
VMware, Inc.
19
Support Offerings
TofindouthowVMwaresupportofferingscanhelpmeetyourbusinessneeds,goto http://www.vmware.com/support/services.
20
VMware, Inc.
Product Benefits
Workstationisusedinthesoftwaredevelopment,qualityassurance,training,sales,and ITfields. Workstationstreamlinessoftwaredevelopmentandtesting:
VMware, Inc.
21
WorkstationenhancesproductivityofITprofessionals:
Workstationfacilitatescomputerbasedtrainingandsoftwaredemos:
22
VMware, Inc.
Fordefinitionsoftheseandotherspecialterms,seeGlossaryonpage 489.
PC Hardware
Memory
Youneedenoughmemorytorunthehostoperatingsystem,plusthememoryrequired foreachguestoperatingsystemandforapplicationsonthehostandguest.The minimummemoryrequirementis1GB,VMwarerecommendstohave2GBandabove. Formoreinformationonmemoryrequirements,seeyourguestoperatingsystemand applicationdocumentation. Asofversion7.0ofWorkstation,thetotalamountofmemoryyoucanassigntoall virtualmachinesrunningonasinglehostislimitedonlybytheamountofRAMonthe host.Themaximumamountofmemoryforeachvirtualmachineis32GB. FormemoryrequirementstosupportWindows7Aerographics,see RecommendationsforWindows7AeroGraphicsSupportonpage 24.
VMware, Inc.
23
Display
16bitor32bitdisplayadapterisrecommended.Fordisplayrequirementstosupport Windows7Aerographics,seeRecommendationsforWindows7AeroGraphics Supportonpage 24. NOTEUsethelatestgraphicsdriverrecommendedforyourhost.
CPU
IntelDualCore,2.2GHzandabove AMDAthlon4200+andabove
HostGCPU
nVidiaGeForce8800GTandabove ATIRadeonHD2600andabove
Memoryatleast3GBofhostsystemmemory,1GBofmemoryallocatedtothe guestoperatingsystem,and256MBgraphicsmemory.
Disk Drives
Guestoperatingsystemscanresideonphysicaldiskpartitionsorinvirtualdiskfiles.
Hard Disks
24
VMware, Inc.
Floppy Drives
Virtualmachinescanconnecttothehostsdiskdrives.Floppydiskimagefilesarealso supported.
VMware, Inc.
25
26
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
27
28
VMware, Inc.
Processor
SeeUseFourWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 366.
Chip Set
VMware, Inc.
29
BIOS
PhoenixBIOS4.0Release6withVESABIOS
Memory
Youcanallocateupto32GBofmemoryforavirtualmachine,dependingonhost memory. Nomaximumlimitforthetotalavailableforallvirtualmachines.
Graphics
VGAandSVGAaresupported.
IDE Drives
SCSI Devices
30
VMware, Inc.
Floppy Drives
Uptotwo1.44MBfloppydevices. Physicaldrivesorfloppyimagefiles.
Uptofourserial(COM)ports. Outputtoserialports,WindowsorLinuxfiles,ornamedpipes.
Uptothreebidirectionalparallel(LPT)ports. Outputtoparallelportsorhostoperatingsystemfiles.
USB Ports
Keyboard
104keyWindows95/98enhanced.
VMware, Inc.
31
Ethernet Card
Sound
Virtual Networking
32
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
33
34
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
35
36
VMware, Inc.
Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyon hostmachinesthathaveoneofthesupported64bitprocessors.Whenyoupowerona virtualmachinewitha64bitguestoperatingsystem,Workstationperformsaninternal check.IfthehostCPUisnotasupported64bitprocessor,youcannotpoweronthe virtualmachine. VMwarealsoprovidesastandaloneutilitythatyoucanusewithoutWorkstationto performthesamecheckanddeterminewhetheryourCPUissupportedfor Workstationvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems.Downloadthe64bit processorcheckutilityfromthedownloadsareaoftheVMwareWebsite. Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyin versions6.0andlater.IfyourversionofWorkstationis5.0orearlier,upgradetoversion 6.0orlaterfor64bitguestoperatingsystemsupport.Avirtualmachinecreatedin Workstationversion6.0witha64bitoperatingsystemcannotbepoweredonor resumedinWorkstationversions5.0andearlier.
VMware, Inc.
37
38
VMware, Inc.
Installation Prerequisites
InstallingVMwareWorkstationisusuallyasimpleprocessofrunningastandard installationwizard. Beforeyouruntheinstallationprogram,besureyouhavethefollowing:
AcompatiblehostVerifythatthecomputerandhostoperatingsystemmeetthe systemrequirementsforrunningWorkstation.SeeHostSystemRequirements onpage 23. WorkstationinstallationsoftwareIfyouhavethepackageddistributionof Workstation,theinstallationsoftwareisontheinstallationmediainyourpackage. Ifyouhavetheelectronicdistribution,theinstallationsoftwareisinthefileyou downloaded. WorkstationisavailableforWindowsandLinuxhostcomputers.Theinstallation filesforbothhostplatformsareincludedinthepackageddistribution.
VMware, Inc.
39
WorkstationorVMwareACEserialnumberYourserialnumberisonthe registrationcardinyourpackage.IfyoupurchasedWorkstationorVMwareACE online,theserialnumberissentbyemail. YourserialnumberallowsyoutouseWorkstationonlyonthehostoperating systemforwhichyoulicensedthesoftware.Forexample,ifyouhaveaserial numberforaWindowshost,youcannotrunthesoftwareonaLinuxhost. Youneedonelicenseforeachuser. TouseWorkstationonadifferenthostoperatingsystem,purchasealicenseonthe VMwareWebsite.Youcanalsoobtainanevaluationlicenseatnochargefora 30dayevaluationofthesoftware.Formoreinformation,gototheVMwareWeb site. IfyoudonotentertheWorkstationserialnumberatinstallationtime(anoption availableonaWindowshost),youarepromptedtoenteritthefirsttimeyou attempttopoweronavirtualmachine.
AguestoperatingsystemAfterWorkstationisinstalled,youneedtheoperating systeminstallationCDs,DVDs,orISOimagefilestosetupaguestinavirtual machine. (Optional)EclipseorMicrosoftVisualStudioToinstalltheIntegratedVirtual DebuggerforEclipseorVisualStudiopluginsincludedwithWorkstation,Eclipse orVisualStudiomustbeinstalledonthehostbeforeyouruntheWorkstation installer.IfyouinstalloneorbothoftheseprogramsafteryouinstallWorkstation, runtheWorkstationinstalleragainandselecttheModifyoptiontoinstallthe pluginsatthattime. FormoreinformationaboutsupportedversionsofVisualStudioandEclipse,see thefollowingguidesontheVMwareWebsite:
IntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipseDevelopersGuide IntegratedVirtualDebuggerforVisualStudioDevelopersGuide
40
VMware, Inc.
Afteryoucompletetheprerequisitesanddeterminewhichcomputeryouwanttouse forhostingWorkstation,seetheappropriateplatformspecificinstallationtopic.
VMware, Inc.
41
Followtherestofthewizardprompts.
Someinstallationsmightrequirethatyourebootyourcomputer.Whenyourestart,you donotneedtologinasauserwithAdministratorprivileges.
42
VMware, Inc.
ToinstallWorkstationinalocationotherthanthedefault,changethepaththat followsINSTALLDIR=tospecifythelocation. UsetheoptionalREMOVE=<property>toskipinstallationofcertainfeatures. The REMOVE=<property>settingcantakeoneormoreofthevalueslistedin Table 21. Table 2-1. Values for the REMOVE Property
Value Authd Network Description VMwareauthorizationservice,whichisusedtoperformtaskswhenyouare notrunningWorkstationasanAdministratoruser. Networkingcomponents,includingthevirtualbridgeandthehostadapters forhostonlynetworkingandNATnetworking.Donotremovethis componentifyouwanttouseNATorDHCP. VirtualDHCPserver. VirtualNATdevice.
DHCP NAT
VMware, Inc.
43
44
VMware, Inc.
Theinstallationtopicdescribesaninstallationfromtheinstallationmediaincludedin theWorkstationmediakit.Ifyoudownloadedthesoftware,thestepsarethesame exceptthatyoustartfromthedirectorywhereyousavedthedownloadedinstallerfile, notfromtheLinuxdirectoryontheinstallationmedia. Thebundleinstallerletsyouinstalltheproductinonestep.IftheGUIbasedinstaller fails,runtheinstallerfilewiththe--consoleoptioninyourterminal. NOTEOnRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1hostsandpossiblysomeotherLinux distributions,thebundlebasedinstallerlaunchesacommandlinewizardratherthan aGUIwizard. VMware-Workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.<architecture>.bundleisthenameofthe installerfile.Inthename,<xxxx-xxxx>isaseriesofnumbersthatrepresenttheversion andbuildnumbers,and<architecture>isi386orx86_64. To install Workstation on a Linux host 1 2 LogintoyourLinuxhostwiththeusernameyouplantousewhenrunning Workstation. Inaterminalwindow,becomeroottoperformtheinitialinstallationsteps: suorsudo ThecommandyouusedependsonyourLinuxdistributionandconfiguration. 3 4 Ifyouareinstallingfromtheinstallationmediainsteadofadownloadedfile, mounttheWorkstationinstallationmedia. Changedirectoriestothedirectorywheretheinstallerfileislocatedandrunthe followingcommand:
sh VMware-Workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.<architecture>.bundle
IfyouareusingtheWorkstationinstallationmedia,thisfileisintheLinux directory.
VMware, Inc.
45
5 6
7 8 9
--gtkOpenstheGUIbasedVMwareinstaller,whichisthedefaultoption. --consoleAllowsyoutousetheterminalforinstallation. --customShowsalltheinstallationquestions.Youcancustomizetheinstallation directories,setorresettheEclipsedirectoriesandhardlimitforthenumberof openfiledescriptors. --regularShowsinstallationquestionsthathavenotbeenansweredbeforeor arerequired.Thisisthedefaultoption. --requiredShowsonlytheEULA,thenproceedstoinstallWorkstation. --ignore-errors or -I Allowstheinstallationtocontinueevenifthereisan errorinoneoftheinstallerscripts.However,thesectionthathasanerrordoesnot complete,sothecomponentmaynotbeproperlyconfigured.
VMware, Inc.
46
Ifyouusedthebundleinstaller,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-installer -u vmware-workstation
SelecteitherYesorNotoconfirmwhetheryouwanttopreserveorremoveyour configurationfiles.
IfyouusedtheRPMinstallertoinstallWorkstation4,5.x,and6.x,enterthe followingcommands:
rpm -qa | grep VM
MakesureallvirtualmachinesareWorkstation4,5.x,or6.xvirtualmachines. DirectupgradesfromaWorkstation2or3virtualmachinearenotsupportedin Workstation6.xand7.0. IfavirtualmachinewascreatedwithaversionofWorkstationearlierthan Workstation5.5andithasasnapshot,deletethesnapshotbeforeupgrading. See DeleteaSnapshotoraRecordingonpage 212. ForupgradesfromWorkstation4,5.x,or6.x,ifyoubridged(mapped)virtual networkstospecificphysicalorvirtualadapters,writedownthesettingsyouused. AlthoughWorkstation7.0generallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservebridgesettingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.x,or6.x.
VMware, Inc.
47
Ifanyvirtualmachinesaresuspended,resumethem,shutdowntheguest operatingsystems,andpowerthemoff. Ifanyvirtualmachinesarerunninginthebackground,starttheminWorkstation andpowerthemoff.SeeStartaVirtualMachineThatIsRunninginthe Backgroundonpage 149. Backupthevirtualmachinesbymakingbackupcopiesofallthefilesinthevirtual machinedirectories. Thisincludes.vmdkor.dskfiles,.vmxor.cfgfiles,and.nvram files.Depending onyourupgradepath,youmightnotbeabletorunyourvirtualmachinesunder bothWorkstation7.0andyourpreviousversionofWorkstation.
Poweroffallrunningvirtualmachines.
YoucannowuseoneofthefollowingplatformspecifictaskstoinstallWorkstation:
UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 48 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 51
48
VMware, Inc.
4 5
OnWindowsXP,thedefaultvirtualmachinelocationbeforetheupgradeis: C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines. OnWindowsVistaandWindows7,thedefaultvirtualmachinelocationafterthe upgradeis:C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>.
Aftertheupgradeiscomplete,iftheFavoriteslistinWorkstationdoesnotwork correctly,youcanremovethevirtualmachinesfromitandaddthemagain.
VMware, Inc.
49
50
VMware, Inc.
MakesurethatyouhaveaWorkstation7.0serialnumber.Youarepromptedto enterthe serialnumberafterinstallationiscomplete,thefirsttimeyoustart Workstationaftertheupgrade.AlsoperformthetasksdescribedinPreparingfor anUpgradeonpage 47. IfyourpreviousinstallationwasfromanRPMinstallerandyouwanttoinstall Workstation7.0,manuallyuninstallthepreviousversionofWorkstation.To manuallyuninstallWorkstation,seeUninstallWorkstationfromaLinuxHoston page 47.
VMware, Inc.
51
To upgrade Workstation on a Linux host 1 2 RuntheWorkstationbundleinstallerasyouwouldforanewinstallation. Ifyouusedbridgedsettingstomapvirtualnetworkstospecificphysicalorvirtual adapters,recreatethemappings. AlthoughWorkstation7.0generallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservemappingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.x,or6.x. 3 (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation7.0. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 94.
52
VMware, Inc.
ThischapterdiscusseslaunchingtheWorkstationprogramandintroducestheVMware Workstationwindow.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:
StartWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 53 StartWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 54 OverviewoftheWorkstationWindowonpage 54 CheckforProductUpdatesonpage 65 QuicklyCreateaVirtualMachineandInstallanOperatingSystemonpage 66 IntroductiontoWorkstationPreferencesonpage 67 IntroductiontoVirtualMachineSettingsonpage 69 ClosingVirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 71 KeyboardShortcutsonpage 72 GatheringInformationforVMwareTechnicalSupportonpage 75
VMware, Inc.
53
If/usr/binisinyourdefaultpath,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware &
If/usr/binisnotinyourdefaultpath,enterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware &
Readandaccepttheenduserlicenseagreement(EULA).
54
VMware, Inc.
sidebar
status bar
message log
TheVMwareWorkstationwindowcontainsthefollowingsections:
Homepage,summary,console,orapplianceviewMainpartofthewindowthat showsthevirtualmachines. TabsEachopenvirtualmachinehasatab.Clickatabtomakethatvirtual machineactive.ClicktheClosebuttontoclosethetab.Dependingonhowyou configureWorkstation,thevirtualmachineistheneitherpoweredofforcontinues toruninthebackground. SidebarBookmarkyourfavoritevirtualmachinesandteamsofvirtualmachines forquickaccess.Youcanalsoseewhichvirtualmachinesarepoweredon. Rightclickcontextmenusenableyoutoperformmanyoperationsonaselected virtualmachine.AnadditionalsectionofthesidebardisplaysACEManagement Servers. StatusbarDisplaysWorkstationmessagesandaniconforeachremovable device.Youcanclickorrightclickanicontodisconnectitoredititsconfiguration. MessagelogAnoteiconindicateswhetheranyunreadmessagesarepresentin themessagelogfortheselectedvirtualmachine.Iftheiconisdimmed,all messageswereread.Toopenthemessagelog,rightclicktheiconandchoose OpenMessageLog.Alternatively,fromthemenubar,chooseVM>MessageLog. Messagesincludewarninginformationaboutthevirtualmachine,suchasCould not connect to the floppy drive.orNo bootable device was detected. Selectaniteminthemessagelogtoseeadetaileddescriptionofthemessage.
VMware, Inc.
55
Home Page
ClicktheHometabtodisplaytheWorkstationhomepage.Usetheiconsonthehome pagetostartcreatinganewvirtualmachineoropenanexistingvirtualmachine. Toclosethehomepage,clicktheXtotherightofthetabsonaWindowshostortheX onthetabonaLinuxhost.Todisplaythehomepageagain,chooseView>GotoHome Tab.
Summary View
Whenyouselectatabforapoweredoffvirtualmachineorteamofmachines, Workstationdisplaysonlyasummaryoftheconfigurationinformationaboutthatitem. Workstationalsodisplaysasummaryforasuspendedvirtualmachineorteam.Click theSummarybuttoninthetoolbaratanytimetoexaminesettingsinthesummary view. Summaryviewsappearonlyforvirtualmachinesthatarecurrentlyopen.SeeStarting aVirtualMachineonpage 148.Thesummaryorconsoleviewremainsvisibleaslong asthevirtualmachineremainsopen. Figure 32showsanexampleofthesummaryview.
56
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
57
Console View
Theconsoleviewforanactivevirtualmachineislikethemonitordisplayofaphysical computer. Figure 3-3. Console View on a Windows Host
Console View button
Appliance View
Ifyousetupthevirtualmachinetoactasanappliance,suchasaWebserverwitha browserbasedconsole,youcanspecifythatthedefaultviewisanapplianceview. The applianceviewgivesabriefdescriptionofthetypeofserverorappliance.Italso providesalinkthatopensthebrowseronthehostsystemandconnectstothe appliancesmanagementconsole. Theapplianceviewisavailableonlyforvirtualmachinesthatyoudesignateas appliances.SeeConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 182.
58
VMware, Inc.
Toolbar Buttons
ThetoolbarareaatthetopoftheVMwareWorkstationwindowcontainsbuttonsto powervirtualmachinesonandoff,changetheWorkstationdisplay,managesnapshots, andrecordvirtualmachineactivity. Figure 3-4. Workstation Toolbars
Power toolbar
Snapshot toolbar
Replay toolbar
View toolbar
ACE toolbar
VMware, Inc.
59
PowerOnorResumePowersonaselectedvirtualmachineorteamthatis poweredoff,orresumesavirtualmachineorteamthatissuspended.SeeStarting aVirtualMachineonpage 148,PowerOnaTeamonpage 279,andUsingthe SuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 201. ResetResetsavirtualmachineorteamliketheresetbuttononaphysicalPC. See ConfigurePowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 152.
TheSnapshottoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
TakeSnapshotEnablesyoutosavethestateofavirtualmachineinthesame manneryoumightsaveawordprocessingdocument.Youcanreturntothatstate ifyoumakeamistakebyusingtheRevertbutton.SeeUsingSnapshotson page 203. RevertAllowsyoutoreturnavirtualmachinetotheparentstate,astate previouslypreservedbytakingasnapshot.SeeUsingSnapshotsonpage 203. ManageSnapshotsOpensthesnapshotmanager,whereyoucanviewthevirtual machinesexistingsnapshots,reverttoasnapshot,takeanewsnapshot,andmake aclonefromasnapshot.SeeSnapshotManagerOverviewonpage 208.
TheViewtoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
ShoworHideSidebarTogglesbetweenshowingandhidingthesidebar. See ViewtheSidebaronpage 62. QuickSwitchEnlargestheWorkstationconsoletocovertheentirehostmonitor. Consoletabsenableyoutoswitchbetweenvirtualmachinesandteamswitha singleclick.SeeUseQuickSwitchModeonpage 165. FullScreenEnlargesthevirtualmachinedisplaytocovertheentirehostmonitor. Thevirtualmachinenolongerappearsinawindow.SeeUseFullScreenMode onpage 162. UnityIntegratesyourfavoriteguestapplicationswithyourhostsdesktopsothat guestapplicationwindowslookjustlikehostapplicationwindows,butwith colorcodedborders.SeeUsingUnityModeonpage 158. SummaryViewDisplaysthesummaryview.SeeSummaryViewonpage 56. ApplianceViewDisplaystheapplianceview.SeeApplianceViewonpage 58. ConsoleViewDisplaystheconsoleview.SeeConsoleViewonpage 58.
60
VMware, Inc.
TheReplaytoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
TheACEtoolbar,whichisavailableonWindowshostsonly,containsthefollowing buttons:
VMware, Inc.
61
ClickClose.
FastaccessQuicklyaccessfrequentlyuseditems.Withyourvirtualmachines andteamsontheFavoriteslist,youcanopenthemwithoutbrowsingthehostfile system.Alsolikebrowserbookmarks,Favoriteslisticonscanbeorganizedin folders,added,rearranged,ordeleted. StatusDifferenticonsindicatethestatusofvirtualmachinesandteams.A Favoriteslisticonindicateswhethertheteamorvirtualmachineispoweredoff, poweredon,orsuspended.Abrown(ratherthanblue)virtualmachineicon indicatesthatthevirtualmachineisaWorkstation4virtualmachine. Table 3-1. Icon Status in the Favorites List
PoweredoffWorkstation5.x,6.x,or7.xvirtualmachineorfullclone.To determinetheexactversion,usethesummaryviewsVersionfield. Poweredoffvirtualmachinecreatedasalinkedcloneofanothervirtual machine. Poweredoffteamofvirtualmachines.
PoweredoffWorkstation4virtualmachine.
Poweredonindicatorcanappearforvirtualmachinesandteams.
Suspendedindicatorcanappearforvirtualmachinesandteams.
VMware, Inc.
63
64
VMware, Inc.
Powered On List
Thislistinthesidebarenablesyoutofindoutwhichvirtualmachinesorteamsare currentlypoweredon.RightclickitemsinthePoweredOnlisttodisplayamenuof commandsyoucanuseforthatvirtualmachineorteam.
VMware, Inc.
65
66
VMware, Inc.
WorkspacetabLetsyouconfigurethefollowingsettings:
LocationsectionLetsyouchangethedirectoryinwhichnewlycreated virtualmachinesarestored.SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 83and FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 97. VirtualMachinessectionSeveraloftheseoptionshavetodowithexiting Workstationwhileleavingsomevirtualmachinespoweredon.SeeClosing VirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 71.Forinformationabout enablingsharedfolders,seeSetUpSharedFoldersonpage 191.
VMware, Inc.
67
HotKeystabLetsyouspecifythekeycombinationthatisusedwithhotkey sequencesforallyourvirtualmachines.Usehotkeycombinationstoenterand leavefullscreenmode,ungrabmouseandkeyboardinput,andsoon.See KeyboardShortcutsonpage 72. DisplaytabLetsyouadjustthemannerinwhichtheconsoleandthehostdisplay accommodateadifferentguestoperatingsystemdisplayresolution. AlsoseeFittingtheWorkstationConsoletotheVirtualMachineDisplayon page 169andUseFullScreenModeonpage 162.
68
VMware, Inc.
Hardware Tab
UsetheHardwaretabtoadd,remove,andconfigurevirtualdevicesfortheselected virtualmachine. Figure 3-6. Virtual Machine Settings Hardware Tab
memory device
Help button
VMware, Inc.
69
Options Tab
TheOptionstabletsyouadjustcharacteristicsoftheselectedvirtualmachine:
Manyoptionscontrolinteractionsbetweenthehostandtheguestoperating system,suchashowfolderscanbeshared,howfilesaretransferred,andwhat happenstoaguestoperatingsystemwhenyouexitWorkstation. SomeoptionsletyouoverridesimilarPreferencesdialogboxoptions,whichare globalpreferencessetforallvirtualmachines.Forexample,youcanusethe AdvancedoptiontooverridetheprocessprioritiessetonthePrioritytabinthe Preferencesdialogbox. Someoptionsletyouchangesettingsyoumightinitiallymakewhenrunningthe NewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine.Forexample,youcanuse theGeneraloptionstochangethenameofthevirtualmachine.
70
VMware, Inc.
General options
Continuerunningthevirtualmachineinthebackground.Ifavirtualmachine continuesrunningafteryouexitWorkstation,youcanstillinteractwithitthrough virtualnetworkcomputing(VNC)orsomeotherservice. Suspendthevirtualmachine.Thesuspendoperationsavesthestateofthevirtual machine.SeeUsingtheSuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 201. Powerthevirtualmachineoff.Ifyouconfiguredthepoweroperationtodoasoft poweroff,aVMwareToolsscriptrunsinordertocleanlyshutdowntheguest operatingsystembeforepoweringoff.SeeConfigurePowerOffandReset OptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 152.
VMware, Inc.
71
WhenyoucloseataborexitWorkstation,younolongerreceiveaprompt.
Keyboard Shortcuts
YoucanusekeyboardshortcutstointeractwithWorkstationandwithvirtual machines.MostoftheavailablekeyboardshortcutsforWorkstationarelistednextto theirassociatedcommandsinWorkstationmenus. Hotkeys,orkeyboardshortcutsforinteractionswithvirtualmachines,areshownin Table 32.Hotkeycombinationscanbeusedtodothefollowing:
72
Bydefault,mosthotkeycombinationsincludeCtrl+Alt,butyoucanchangethis combination.SeeChangetheHotKeyCombinationonpage 74. IfyouchangethePreferencessettingforthehotkeycombination,substituteyournew settingforCtrl+AltasneededintheshortcutslistedinTable 32.Forexample,ifyou changethehotkeycombinationtoCtrl+Shift+Alt,youmustpress Ctrl+Shift+Alt+spacebartohaveWorkstationnotprocessacommand. Table 3-2. Hot-Key Combinations
Action Grabinputfromkeyboardandmouse. Releasethemousecursor.Ifthevirtualmachineisinthetypeoffull screenmodecalledexclusivemode,pressingCtrl+Altchangesthevirtual machinefromexclusivemodetowindowedmode. Shutsdownor(dependingupontheguestoperatingsystem)logsoutof theguest.Thiscommandisreceivedsolelybythevirtualmachine. Note:ForthisandallshortcutsthatincludeCtrl+Alt,changingthe hotkeycombinationchangesthesequenceyouneedtouse.Forinstance, ifyouchangethehotkeycombinationtoCtrl+Shift+Alt,youmustpress Ctrl+Shift+Alt+Inserttoendtheguestoperatingsystemsession.
Ctrl+Alt+Insert
Ctrl+Alt+Delete
Ctrl+Alt+spacebar
SendsanycommandtothevirtualmachinesothatWorkstationdoesnot processit.HolddownCtrl+Altasyoupressandreleasethespacebar,and continuetoholdtheCtrl+Altkeysdownasyoupressthenextkeyinthe combination. Switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilemouseandkeyboardinput aregrabbed. OnWindowshosts,switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilemouse andkeyboardinputarenotgrabbed.Workstationmustbetheactive application. Infullscreenmode,switchtothenextpoweredonvirtualmachine. Infullscreenmode,switchtothepreviouspoweredonvirtualmachine. InUnitymode,givesaccesstothevirtualmachineStartorApplications menu.
VMware, Inc.
73
74
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
75
ClickOK.
76
VMware, Inc.
Beforeyoubegin,createasupportrequest.SeeRegisterandCreateaSupport Requestonpage 75.Increasetheleveloflogging,asdescribedinGatherDebugging InformationforaVirtualMachineonpage 75.MakesurethatthelatestVMwareTools isinstalledinthevirtualmachinestocollectsupportdatafromtheguestandthatthe virtualmachinesarepoweredon. To run the support script from the Workstation user interface 1 SelectHelp>CollectSupportData. AdialogboxdisplaysallyouropenWorkstationvirtualmachines. 2 Checktheboxesforthevirtualmachinestocollectsupportdatafromandselect Collect.
Addthe.ZIPor.TGZdatafiletoyoursupportrequest.
Ifyoudidnotinstalltheprograminthedefaultdirectory,usetheappropriatedrive letterandpathinthecdcommandabove.
VMware, Inc.
77
Runthesupportscript:
cscript vm-support.vbs
Afterthescriptruns,itdisplaysthenameofthedirectorywhereithasstoredits output. 4 UseafilecompressionutilitysuchasWinZiporPKZIPtozipthescriptoutput directory,andincludethezipfilewithyoursupportrequest. IfyouarereportingaproblemyouencounteredwhileinstallingVMware Workstation,alsoincludetheinstallationlogfile. OnaWindowshost,thefileisVMInst.log.ItissavedintheTempfolder.Ona WindowsXPorWindowsServer2003host,thedefaultlocationisC:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp. Youcanusethecommandcd %temp%tolocatetheLocal Settingsfolder,which ishiddenbydefault.Toseeitscontents,openMyComputer,gotoTools>Folder Options,clicktheViewtabandselectShowHiddenFilesandFolders.
78
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
79
WindowsVista,Windows7,WindowsXP,andWindows2000 WindowsServer2008,WindowsServer2003,andWindows2000Server
OnLinuxguests,theeasyinstallfeatureisavailableforthefollowingoperating systems:
Ubuntu7.10andlater RedHatEnterpriseLinux3through5
80
VMware, Inc.
ForWindowsguests:
(Optional)WindowsproductkeyIfyouspecifyaproductkey,youarenot promptedforitlater,duringinstallationoftheoperatingsystem.Entera productkeyunlesstheinstallationmediaalreadycontainsavolumelicense productkey. FullnameThisnameisusedforregisteringtheoperatingsystem.Donotuse thenameAdministratororGuest.Ifyouuseoneofthesenames,youwill receiveanerrormessageduringinstallationoftheoperatingsystemandbe promptedtoenteradifferentname. (Optional)PasswordOnWindowsoperatingsystemsotherthanWindows 2000,thepasswordyouenterhereisusedforanaccountwithAdministrator permissions.OnWindows2000,thepasswordyouenterhereisusedforthe Administratoraccount.
ForLinuxguests:
VMware, Inc.
81
Makeadifferentversionofvirtualmachinethanwhatisspecifiedinthe preferenceseditor. SpecifytheI/OadaptertypeforSCSIadapters:BusLogic,LSILogic,or LSI Logic SAS. SpecifywhetheryouwanttocreateanIDEoraSCSIvirtualdisk,regardlessofthe defaultthatisusuallyusedfortheguestoperatingsystem. Useaphysicaldiskratherthanavirtualdisk(forexpertusers). Useanexistingvirtualdiskratherthancreateavirtualdisk. Placethevirtualdiskfileinalocationotherthanthevirtualmachinedirectory. Allocateallvirtualdiskspaceratherthanallowingthediskspacetogradually growtothemaximum.
82
VMware, Inc.
Iftheoperatingsystemyouplantouseisnotlisted,selectOtherforbothguest operatingsystemandversion. Forsomeoperatingsystems,theoperatingsystemandVMwareToolsareinstalled automaticallyafterthevirtualmachineiscreated.SeeEasyInstallFeatureforSome GuestOperatingSystemsonpage 80. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation versions5.5andlater,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors.Forthe listofprocessorsWorkstationsupportsfor64bitguestoperatingsystems,seePC Hardwareonpage 23.
OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003hosts,thedefaultfolderforaWindows XPProfessionalvirtualmachineis:
C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts,thedefaultfolderis:
C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnLinuxhosts,thedefaultlocationforaWindowsXPProfessionalvirtual machineis:
<homedir>/vmware/<guestOSname>
The<homedir>valueisthehomedirectoryoftheuserwhoiscurrentlyloggedin.
VMware, Inc.
83
Virtualmachineperformancemightbeslowerifyourvirtualharddiskisonanetwork drive.Forbestperformance,besurethevirtualmachinesfolderisonalocaldrive. However,ifotherusersneedtoaccessthisvirtualmachine,considerplacingthevirtual machinefilesinalocationthatisaccessibletothem.SeeSharingVirtualMachines withOtherUsersonpage 227. NOTEIfyouplantodeploythevirtualmachineonaUSBdrive,first,createthevirtual machineonyourlocalharddisk.YoucanthenusePocketACEfeaturestodeploythe virtualmachine. Forinformationaboutthefilesstoredinthevirtualmachinefolder,seeFilesThat MakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 97.
Number of Processors
Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.Settingthevirtualmachineto havemultiplevirtualCPUs(uptofourforVMwareWorkstation7)issupportedonly forhostmachineswithatleasttwologicalprocessors.(IfyouarecreatingaWorkstation 4virtualmachine,youdonotseethispanel.) Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:
84
VMware, Inc.
Memory Allocation
ThisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsorifyouclickCustomizeHardware onthelastpageoftheNewVirtualMachinewizard. Acolorcodediconcorrespondstoeachvalue.Touseoneoftheseamounts,movethe slidertothecorrespondingicon.Thehighendoftherangethatappearsisdetermined bytheamountofmemoryallocatedtoallrunningvirtualmachines.Ifyouallowvirtual machinememorytobeswapped,thisvaluechangestoreflecttheamountofswapping thatwasspecified.Tochangetheamountofmemoryavailabletoallvirtualmachines, usetheWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).
BridgednetworkingIfyourhostcomputerisonanetworkandyouhavea separateIPaddressforyourvirtualmachine(orcangetoneautomaticallyfroma DHCPserver),selectBridged.Othercomputersonthenetworkcanthen communicatedirectlywiththevirtualmachine. NAT(NetworkAddressTranslation)IfyoudonothaveaseparateIPaddressfor yourvirtualmachinebutyouwanttobeabletoconnecttotheInternet,selectNAT. Thevirtualmachineandthehostshareasinglenetworkidentitythatisnotvisible outsidethenetwork. HostonlyHostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthe virtualmachineandthehostcomputer,usingavirtualnetworkadapterthatis visibletothehostoperatingsystem.Withhostonlynetworking,thevirtual machinecancommunicateonlywiththehostandothervirtualmachinesinthe hostonlynetwork.SelectHostonlytosetupanisolatedvirtualnetwork.
SeeCommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 286.
VMware, Inc.
85
Disk Types
Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.Therecommendeddiskforyour guestoperatingsystemisalreadyselectedbydefault. OnLinuxhosts,andintheAddHardwarewizard,youcanselectadiskmodeonthe SelectaDiskTypepage.SeeNormalandIndependentDiskModesonpage 87.
86
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
87
Disk Capacity
Thewizardpromptsyoutosetasizebetween0.1GBand950GBforavirtualdisk. On Windowshosts,thePocketACEsizecalculatorcontrolcanhelpdeterminethedisk sizeforanACEinstancethatfitsonaportabledevice. SelecttheoptionSplitvirtualdiskinto2GBfilesifyourvirtualdiskisstoredonafile systemthatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan2GB. Forcustomconfigurations,youarealsogiventheoptionAllocatealldiskspacenow. VMwarerecommendsthatyouallowthedisktogrow.Allocatingalldiskspacenow givessomewhatbetterperformance,butitisatimeconsumingoperation.Alsoit requiresasmuchphysicaldiskspaceasyouspecifyforthevirtualdisk.Ifyouallocate allthediskspacenow,youcannotusetheshrinkdiskfeaturelater.
88
VMware, Inc.
To use the New Virtual Machine wizard 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. Followtheprompts. Formoreinformationaboutthefieldsonawizardpage,clickHelponthatpage. Afterthewizardcreatesthevirtualmachine,thenextstepisinstallingtheguest operatingsystem.SeeInstallingaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 89.
VMware, Inc.
89
HardwareassistedvirtualizationmustbeenabledfortheESX4.0andESXi4.0 guests.ThehostsystemmusthaveIntelEM64TprocessorswithVTxorAMD64 Family10HandlaterprocessorswithAMDV.Whereapplicable,VTxorAMDV mustbeenabledintheBIOS(orotherfirmware).PoweroffandrestartIntelhosts afterchangingtheBIOSsettingstoenablehardwarevirtualization. ESX4.0guestsmustbeconfiguredwithtwoormorecores.VMwarerecommends thatthehostsystemshouldhaveatleastasmanycoresastheguest. Only32bitguestsmaybeinstalledtorunasnestedvirtualmachinesinsideanESX guest.Thesevirtualmachinescanonlybeconfiguredtousebinarytranslation. VMwareToolsarenotavailableforESX4.0orESXi4.0guests.Donotinstallthe LinuxversionofVMwareToolsinanESXguest. ForinstructionsonhowtosetthevirtualEthernetadapteronaLinuxhosttorun inpromiscuousmode,seetheVMwareknowledgebasearticle287availableonthe VMwareWebsite.
FormoreinformationonhowtoconfigureESX4.0andESXi4.0,seetheVMware vSpheredocumentationsetavailableontheVMwareWebsite.
90
VMware, Inc.
2 3
Anewvirtualmachineislikeaphysicalcomputerwithablankharddisk.Beforeyou canuseit,youneedtopartitionandformatthevirtualdiskandinstallanoperating system.Theoperatingsystemsinstallationprogrammighthandlethepartitioningand formattingstepsforyou. Installingaguestoperatingsysteminsideavirtualmachineisessentiallythesameas installingitonaphysicalcomputer. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation 5.5 andhigher,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors.Forthelistof processorsWorkstationsupportsfor64bitguestoperatingsystems,seePC Hardwareonpage 23.
VMware, Inc.
91
ForanISOimage,connecttheCDROMdrivetoanISOimagefileofan installationdisk.
TouseaPXEservertoinstalltheguestoperatingsystemoveranetwork connection,youdonotneedtheoperatingsysteminstallationmedia.Whenyou poweronthevirtualmachine,thevirtualmachinedetectsthePXEserver. 3 4 5 ClickthePowerOnbutton. Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendor. IftheoperatingsystemspansseveralCDs,followthesestepswhenyouare promptedtoinsertthesecondCD: a b c d e f DisconnectfromthecurrentimagebychoosingVM>RemovableDevices> CDROM>Disconnect. EdittheCDsettingsbychoosingVM>RemovableDevices>CDROM> Edit. ForUseISOimagefile,clickBrowse,andselecttheISOimageforthesecond CD. IntheDeviceStatusarea,selecttheConnectedcheckboxandclickOK. Intheguestoperatingsystem,clickOKorrespondtothepromptsothat installationcancontinue. RepeatthisprocessforadditionalCDs.
VMware, Inc.
93
94
VMware, Inc.
Considerthefollowingwhenchangingthevirtualhardwareversionofavirtual machine:
ForWorkstation4,5.x,6,6.5and7.0virtualmachines,youcanchangetheversion oftheoriginalvirtualmachineorcreateafullclone,sothattheoriginalremains unaltered.ForWorkstation4virtualmachines,Workstationchangestheoriginal virtualmachine. IfyouupgradeaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachinethatiscompatiblewith ESX ServertoWorkstation6,6.5,or7.0youcannotusetheChangeVersionwizard tolaterdowngradeitagaintoanESXcompatiblevirtualmachine. OnWindowshosts,however,youcanusetheConversionwizard(chooseFile> Import)toperformsuchadowngrade.
To change the version of a virtual machine 1 2 Makebackupcopiesofthevirtualdisks(.vmdkfiles). IfyouareupgradingfromaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachine,ordowngrading toaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachine,makeanoteoftheNICsettingsinthe guest. Specifically,ifyouspecifiedastaticIPaddressforthisvirtualmachine,afterthe upgrade,thatsettingmightbechangedtoautomaticassignmentbyDHCP. TochecktheNICsettings,usethemethodappropriateforyouroperatingsystem. Forexample,onWindowsXP,youcanusetheControlPanelsNetwork ConnectionsitemtofindinformationabouttheTCP/IPaddressforthevirtual machine. 3 4 5 Shutdowntheguestoperatingsystemandpoweroffthevirtualmachine. SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Upgrade or Change Version. Followtheprompts. Whenyouselectahardwarecompatibilityversion,youseealistoftheVMware productsthatarecompatiblewiththatversion.IfyouselectWorkstation4,5,or6 youalsoseealistofWorkstation6.5and7.0featuresthatarenotsupportedforthat version.
VMware, Inc.
95
7 8
Ifapplicable,intheguestoperatingsystem,checktheNICsettingsandadjustthem iftheychanged,asdescribedinStep 2. IfthevirtualmachinedoesnothavethelatestversionofVMwareToolsinstalled, updateVMwareTools. Evenif,forexample,youupgradedaWorkstation5.xvirtualmachineto Workstation6.xratherthan7.0,besuretoupdateVMwareToolstotheversion includedwithWorkstation7.0.SeeVMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 115. DonotremovetheolderversionofVMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenew version. Ifyouareupgradingavirtualmachinethatrunsfromaphysical(raw)disk,you cansafelyignorethemessage,Unable to upgrade <drive_name>. One of the supplied parameters is invalid.ClickOK.
5.x
6.x 7.0
96
VMware, Inc.
YoucanrunolderversionsofvirtualmachinesinWorkstation7.0,butyouwillnothave thebenefitsofthenewfeaturesofWorkstation7.0. FormoreinformationaboutcompatibilitybetweenVMwareproducts,seethe VMware VirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide. Ifyoudecidenottoupgradeavirtualmachine,youstillneedtoupgradeVMwareTools tothenewversion.Followtheinstructionsforyourguestoperatingsystemin VMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 115.Donotremovetheolderversionof VMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenewversion.
VMware, Inc.
97
<vmname>-<disk>-<###>.vmdk
.vmem
<uuid>.vmem
<snapshot_name_number>.vmem
98
VMware, Inc.
.vmxf
<vmname>.vmxf
VMware, Inc.
99
100
VMware, Inc.
Thischapterdiscusseshowtoinstall,update,andrunVMwareTools.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:
ComponentsofVMwareToolsonpage 101 InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 104 VMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 115 UninstallVMwareToolsonpage 118 RepairorChangeInstalledModulesinaWindowsGuestonpage 118 OpentheVMwareToolsControlPanelonpage 119 ConfigureVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuestonpage 123 CustomizationstoVMwareToolsonpage 125 UsetheVMwareToolsServiceCommandLineInterfaceonpage 132
VMware, Inc.
101
Passesmessagesfromthehostoperatingsystemtotheguestoperatingsystem. Executescommandsintheoperatingsystemtocleanlyshutdownorrestarta Linux,FreeBSD,orSolarissystemwhenyouselectpoweroperationsin Workstation. OnWindowsguests,allowsthemousecursortomovefreelybetweentheguest andhostoperatingsystems. OnWindowsguests,matchestheguestsscreenresolutiontothehostsscreen resolutionandthereverse. Synchronizesthetimeintheguestoperatingsystemwiththetimeinthehost operatingsystem. Runsscriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperations.Thescriptsrun whenthevirtualmachinespowerstatechanges.
102
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
103
InstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuestonpage 104 InstallVMwareToolsinaLinuxGuestonpage 109 InstallVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuestonpage 111 InstallVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuestonpage 112 InstallVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuestonpage 113
104
VMware, Inc.
MakesurethevirtualCDROMdriveisconfiguredtoautodetectaphysicaldrive. ThistaskisnecessaryifyouconnectedthevirtualmachinesCDdrivetoanISO imagefilewhenyouinstalledtheoperatingsystem.Changetheconnectionfrom theISOimagetoautodetectaphysicaldrive.(Withthevirtualmachinepowered off,chooseVM>Settings>CD/DVD>UsePhysicalDrive>Autodetect.) IftheguestoperatingsystemisaWindowsNT,Windows2000,WindowsXP, WindowsServer2003,WindowsVista,orWindow7operatingsystem,loginasan administrator.AnyusercaninstallVMwareToolsinaWindows 95,Windows98, orWindowsMeguestoperatingsystem.
2 3
Rebootthevirtualmachineifnecessary.
ANotebookwindow,theDisplayProperties/Settingsdialogbox,andamessagebox appear,promptingyoutorebootthemachine. To configure the video driver on older versions of Windows 1 Inthemessageboxthatpromptsyoutoreboot,clickNo. IfyouclickYes,afterthevirtualmachinereboots,runtheVMwareToolsinstaller again(chooseVM>ReinstallVMwareTools).SelecttheRepairoption. The RepairoptionallowstheNotebookwindowtoappearagainsothatthe installercanaccesstheSVGAdriver. 2 FollowtheinstructionsintheNotebookfile. Theinstructionsarespecifictoeachoperatingsystem.Theyprovidestepsfor selectingtheVMwareSVGAdriver,usuallyintheDisplayProperties/Settings dialogbox,andinstallingitfromtheVMwareToolsISOimage. TheEnglishversionoftheinstructionsfromtheNotebookfilearereprintedin KnowledgeBasearticle1001819attheVMwareWebsite.
106
VMware, Inc.
To automate the installation of VMware Tools in a Windows guest 1 MakesurethevirtualmachinesCDROMdriveisconnectedtotheVMwareTools ISOimageandthatitisconfiguredtoconnectwheneveryoupoweronthevirtual machine: a b c d 2 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings>Hardware>CDROM. IntheDevicestatussection,selecttheConnectatPowerOncheckbox. IntheConnectionsection,selectUseISOimageandbrowsetothe windows.isofile,locatedinthedirectorywhereyouinstalledWorkstation. ClickOK.
(Optional)Intheguestoperatingsystem,suppresspromptsaboutinstalling unsigneddrivers. IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsfromabetaorreleasecandidateversionof Workstation,youareaskedtoconfirmtheinstallationofunsigneddrivers.Follow thesestepstosuppresstheseconfirmationprompts. ForallWindowssystemsexceptWindowsVistaandWindows7: a b c d OnthevirtualmachinesdesktoporStartmenu,rightclickMyComputerand chooseProperties. ClicktheHardwaretabandclickDriverSigning. IntheDriverSigningOptionsdialogbox,clickIgnoreandclickOK. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
VMware, Inc.
107
c d 3
Openacommandpromptandusethefollowingcommandtoinstallsomeorallof theVMwareToolscomponents:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<component>] /qn TRANSFORMS= <path>\1041.msi
Drivers
MemCtl
Hgfs
108
VMware, Inc.
Forexample,toinstalleverythingbutthesharedfoldersdriver,typethefollowing onthecommandline:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Hgfs /qn
Toincludeafeature,useitwiththeADDLOCALoption.Toexcludeafeature,useit withtheREMOVEoption.
Changetoaworkingdirectory(forexample,/tmp):
cd /tmp
VMware, Inc.
109
Uncompresstheinstaller:
tar zxpf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-<x.x.x>-<yyyy>.tar.gz
RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller.
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
11
Logoutoftherootaccount.
exit
12 13
(Optional)Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
110
VMware, Inc.
Changetoaworkingdirectory(forexample,/tmp):
cd /tmp
ExtractVMwareTools:
gunzip -c /cdrom/vmwaretools/vmware-solaris-tools.tar.gz | tar xf -
RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller:
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
Respondtotheconfigurationprompts.PressEntertoacceptthedefaultvalue. 7 Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
8 9
(Optional)Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
VMware, Inc.
111
UntartheVMwareToolstarfile:
tar zxpf /cdrom/vmware-freebsd-tools.tar.gz
Ifnecessary,unmounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage:
umount /cdrom
Ifyourdistributionusesautomounting,youdonotneedtounmounttheimage. 8 RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller:
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
112
VMware, Inc.
10 11
(Optional)Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
ForaNetWare6.5virtualmachineinthesystemconsole,enter:
LOAD CDDVD
ForaNetWare6.0orNetWare5.1virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole, enter:
LOAD CD9660.NSS
ForaNetWare4.2virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole,enter:
load cdrom
MounttheVMwareToolsCDROMimagebyentering:
cd mount vmwtools
VMware, Inc.
113
Inthesystemconsole,enteroneofthefollowing:
ForNetWare5.1,6.0,or6.5:
vmwtools:\setup.ncf
ForNetWare4.2:
vmwtools:\setup
Whentheinstallationfinishes,themessageVMware Tools for NetWare are now runningappearsintheLoggerScreen(NetWare6.5andNetWare6.0guests)orthe ConsoleScreen(NetWare4.2and5.1guests). 4 IfyouhaveaNetWare4.2guest,restarttheguestoperatingsystem,asfollows: a Toshutdownthesystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
down
Torestarttheguestoperatingsystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
restart server
Start the VMware User Process Manually If You Do Not Use a Session Manager
OneoftheexecutablesusedbyVMwareToolsinLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguestsis vmware-user.This programimplementsthefitguesttowindowfeatureandUnity mode,amongotherfeatures. Normally,vmware-userisstartedautomaticallyafteryouconfigureVMwareTools andthenlogoutofthedesktopenvironmentandlogbackin.Youmuststartthe vmware-userprocessmanuallyinthefollowingenvironments:
114
VMware, Inc.
To start the VMware User process manually if you do not use a session manager Dooneofthefollowing:
VMware, Inc.
115
Anautoupdatecheckisperformedaspartofthebootsequencewhenyoupowerona virtualmachine.Ifthevirtualmachinewassuspendedandyouresumeitorrestoreit toasnapshotduringthebootsequencebeforethischeckoccurs,theautomaticupdate occursasplanned. Ifyouresumethevirtualmachineorrestoreittoasnapshotaftertheautoupdatecheck occurs,theautomaticupdatedoesnotoccur. Formoreinformationaboutautomaticupdates,seeUseGlobalSettingstoUpdate VMwareToolsAutomaticallyonpage 116andSetVMwareToolsUpdateOptionsfor EachVirtualMachineonpage 117.
116
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
117
To update VMware Tools in older Windows virtual machines 1 2 TouninstalltheoldversionofVMwareTools,usetheAdd/RemoveProgramsitem intheguestsControlPanel. ToinstallthenewversionofVMwareTools,seeInstallingVMwareToolson page 104.
OnLinux,Solaris,FreeBSD,andNetWareguests,loginasrootandenterthe followingcommand:
vmware-uninstall-tools.pl
OnaLinuxguestwhereVMwareToolswasinstalledbyusinganRPMinstaller, loginasrootandenterthefollowingcommand:
rpm -e VMwareTools
Workstation4,5,and6includedRPMandtarinstallersforVMwareTools. Workstation7andlaterreleasesincludeonlytarinstallers.
118
VMware, Inc.
Completetherestofthepagesofthewizard.
Iffeaturesstilldonotwork,uninstallVMwareToolsandreinstall.
OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,openaterminalwindowandenterthe followingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware-toolbox
OnNetWareguests,dooneofthefollowing:
VMware, Inc.
Timesynchronizationbetweenthevirtualmachineandthehostoperating systemSetsthetimeoftheguestoperatingsystemtobethesameasthetimeof thehostandthenperiodically(everyminute)checkswhethertheguestoperating systemstimematchesthatofthehosts.Ifnot,theclockontheguestis synchronizedtomatchtheclockonthehost. Iftheclockontheguestfallsbehindtheclockonthehost,VMwareToolsmoves theclockontheguestforwardtomatchtheclockonthehost.Iftheclockonthe guestisaheadofthatonthehost,VMwareToolscausestheclockontheguestto runmoreslowlyuntiltheclocksaresynchronized. Ifyouusethisoption,disableallothertimesynchronizationmechanisms.For example,someguestsmighthaveNTPorCMOSclocksynchronizationturnedon bydefault. RegardlessofwhetheryouturnonVMwareToolsperiodictimesynchronization, timesynchronizationoccurswhentheVMwareToolsdaemonisstarted(suchas duringarebootorpoweronoperation),whenresumingavirtualmachinefroma suspendoperation,afterrevertingtoasnapshot,andaftershrinkingadisk.When theoperatingsystemstartsorreboots,andwhenyoufirstturnonperiodictime synchronization,synchronizationcanbeeitherforwardorbackwardintime. For otherevents,synchronizationisforwardintime. Todisabletimesynchronizationcompletely,seeDisableTimeSynchronizationby EditingtheVirtualMachineConfigurationFileonpage 121.
120
VMware, Inc.
Saveandclosethefile.
VMware, Inc.
121
122
VMware, Inc.
About Tab
TheAbouttabdisplaysversion(buildnumber)andcopyrightinformation. In Windowsguests,thistabalsoshowsthestatusoftheVMwareToolsservice.
<command>isoneofthecommandslistedinTable 53.
VMware, Inc.
123
124
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
125
126
VMware, Inc.
Beforecreatingcustomscripts,makesurethatthefollowingconditionsaremetinthe guestoperatingsystem:
To create scripts to override default VMware Tools scripts 1 Determinewhetheryouwanttocreateyourcustomscriptbymakingchangesto thedefaultscriptandsavingittoanewlocation. InWindowsguests,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedintheProgram Files\VMware\VMware Toolsfolder. OnLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSD,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe /etc/vmware-toolsdirectory. 2 Modifythedefaultscriptandsaveitwithadifferentnameorwriteadifferent script. OnWindowsguests,ifyouwriteanewscript,createthescriptasabatchfile. For Linux,Solaris,andFreeBSD,createthescriptinanyexecutableformat(suchas shellorPerlscripts). YoucanalsousetheEditbuttonontheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrol paneltoeditacustomscript.Youcanalsoeditscriptsmanuallyusinganytext editor. 3 Associateeachcustomscriptwithitsparticularpoweroperation: a b c OntheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,selecttheappropriate scriptevent. SelecttheUseScriptcheckbox,selectCustomscript,andusetheBrowse buttontopointtothescriptyouwanttouse. ClickOK.
Addoneorbothofthefollowingcommandstothefile:
128
VMware, Inc.
config_file_2.vmxcontains:
ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_second_vm"
VMware, Inc.
129
Topreventastringfrombeingpassedfromthehosttotheguestthroughtheservice, setthefollowinglineinyourvirtualmachinesconfigurationfile:
isolation.tools.getMachineID.disable = "TRUE"
130
VMware, Inc.
Onthehostmachine,addthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachines configurationfile(.vmxfile):
machine.id = "W2K-VM 148.30.16.24"
Openthevirtualmachineusingthisconfigurationfile.
Openthevirtualmachinefromthecommandlinebyenteringthefollowing ononeline:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware -s 'machine.id=W2K-VM 148.30.16.24' C:\Virtual Machines\win2000\win2000.vmx
Dooneofthefollowingtoretrievethestringinthevirtualmachine:
InaWindowsguest,enterthefollowingcommandtoretrievethestring:
vmtoolsd --cmd machine.id.get
InaLinuxguest,intheoperatingsystemsstartupscript,addthefollowing commandbeforethenetworkstartupsection.Forexample:
/usr/sbin/vmtoolsd --cmd 'machine.id.get'
Thelocationofvmtoolsddependsonthedirectoryyouspecifyatthetimeof installation. 3 Furthercustomizethisstartupscriptsothatitusesthestringtheserviceretrieved duringstartuptosetthevirtualmachinesnetworknametoW2KVMandits IP addressto148.30.16.24. Placethisstringinthescriptbeforethecommandtostartthenetworkservices. IfyoureusingaWindows2000guestoperatingsystem,forexample,youcancall theNetShellutility(netsh)andpassitthecontentsofthestring,whichusesthe stringaccordingly.Thatis,itcansetanewIPaddressforthevirtualmachine,if thatiswhatwaspassedinthestringoriginally.
To use the VMware Tools command-line interface 1 Ontheguestoperatingsystem,changedirectoriestothedirectorythatcontainsthe VMwareToolsdaemon. Dependingontheoperatingsystem,thenameanddefaultlocationofthedaemon areasfollows:
OnMicrosoftWindowssystems,thedaemoniscalledvmtoolsd.exeandthe locationis:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\vmtoolsd.exe
Toconfigureperiodictimesynchronization,usethevmx.set_optioncommand. Usethefollowingsyntax:
<daemon> --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime <old_val> <new_val>"
132
VMware, Inc.
ConversionProcessforImportingfromOtherFormatsonpage 133 VMwareConverterComparedtotheConversionWizardonpage 135 SupportedSourceMachinesonpage 135 SupportedDestinationsonpage 140 ConversionImpactonSettingsonpage 142 OpenaThirdPartyVirtualMachineorSystemImageonpage 143 ImportaVirtualMachine,VirtualAppliance,orSystemImageonpage 144
VMware, Inc.
133
Workstationprovidesthreewaystoconvertavirtualmachineorsystemimage:
UsingtheFile>Opencommandconvertsandopensavirtualmachineorsystem imagequickly.Workstationusesdefaultsettingstomaketheconversion automatically,withnoinputrequiredfromyou.TheoriginalMicrosoftVirtualPC, SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery,StorageCraftShadowProtect,orAcronis TrueImage(.vmc,.spf,.sv2i,or.tib)fileisunchanged. Forallsupportedfiletypesexcept.ovfand.ovafiles,theFile>Opencommand createsalinkedclonewhenitopensthefile.Ifyouopenavirtualappliancethat uses.ovfor.ovafiles,Workstationcreatesafullclone. Ifyouattempttoopenavirtualmachineorsystemimagethatispassword protected,youarepromptedforthepassword,andWorkstationcreatesafull clone.
ThewizardcreatesacompletelynewVMwarevirtualmachinebasedontheinput virtualmachineorsystemimage.ThenewlymigratedVMwarevirtualmachineretains theconfigurationoftheoriginalvirtualmachineorimage. Themigrationprocesscanbenondestructive,soyoucancontinuetousetheoriginal virtualmachinewithMicrosoftVirtualPC,ortheoriginalsystemimagewithSymantec BackupExecSystemRecovery.However,torunanewVMwarevirtualmachineonthe samenetworkastheoriginalVirtualPCvirtualmachine,youmustmodifythenetwork nameandIPaddressononeofthevirtualmachinessotheoriginalandnewvirtual machinescancoexist. ForMicrosoftVirtualPCandMicrosoftVirtualServervirtualmachines,youhavethe optionofsharingthesourcevirtualharddisk(.vhd)files.ThismeansthattheVMware virtualmachinecanwritedirectlytotheoriginal.vhdfilesinsteadofVMwarevirtual harddisk(.vmdk)files.
134
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 6 Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
Physicalmachines
VMwarevirtualmachines(.vmxand.vmtnfiles)
VMware, Inc.
135
Othervirtualmachinesandsystemimages
136
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 6 Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
VMware, Inc.
137
Chapter 6 Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
VMware, Inc.
139
Supported Destinations
TheConversionwizardcancreatevirtualmachinesthatarecompatiblewiththe followingproducts:
Workstation 4.5,5.x,6.x,and7.0 VMwareACE 1.x,2.x,and2.6 VMwareFusion 1.x,2.x,and3.0 VMwarePlayer 1.x,2.x,and3.0 ESXServer 3.x(Thisdestinationisnotsupportedifyouareimportingaremote physicalmachine.) ESXServer 2.5.x(Thisdestinationissupportedonlybyimportingthrougha VirtualCenter 2.xserverthatmanagesthe2.5.xESXServer.) VMwareServer 1.xand2.0.x(ifthevirtualmachineisonthelocalfilesystem) VirtualCenter 2.x
140
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 6 Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
Network Adapters
Youarepromptedtochoosefromtheavailablenetworksatthedestinationlocation.For moreinformationaboutnetworkingchoicesforvirtualmachinesusedwith WorkstationratherthanESXorVirtualCenter,seeCommonNetworking Configurationsonpage 286.
Computerinformation
Windowslicensinginformation
Timezone
VMware, Inc.
141
Networkinformation
Networkadapter(interfaces)Resettodefaultormakechanges. DHCPChoosebetweenusingDHCPtoobtainIPaddressesorenteringthem manually.YoucanalsouseDHCPtoobtainaDNSserveraddressorenterit manually. DNSEnterDNSsuffixesandcustomizetheirordertospecifytheorderin whichavirtualmachineusesthemtomakeconnections. WINSSpecifyprimaryandsecondaryWINSaddresses. WorkgroupordomainForworkgroups,specifytheworkgroupname,upto 15characters.Fordomains,specifytheWindowsServerdomain,alongwith theappropriateusernameandpassword.
Becausethetargetandthesourcevirtualmachinesorsystemimageshavethesame identities(name,SID,andsoon),runningbothonthesamenetworkcanresultin conflicts.Ifyouplantoredeploythesourcevirtualmachineorsystemimage,donot runboththesourceandtargetimagesorvirtualmachinesonthesamenetworkatthe sametime. Alternatively,youcanresolvetheduplicateIDproblembyusingadditionaltools,such astheWindowsXPSystemPreparationTool(Sysprep).Forexample,ifyouusethe ConversiontotesttheviabilityofrunningaVirtual PCvirtualmachineasaVMware virtualmachinewithoutfirstdecommissioningtheoriginalVirtual PCmachine,you needtoresolvetheduplicateIDproblem.
142
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 6 Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
TheCPUmodelandserialnumbers(ifactivated)canbedifferentafterthe migration.TheycorrespondtothephysicalcomputerhostingtheVMwarevirtual machine. Thenetworkadaptercanbedifferent(AMDPCNetorVMXnet)withadifferent MACaddress.EachinterfacesIPaddressmustbeindividuallyreconfigured. Thegraphicscardcanbedifferent(VMwareSVGAcard). Thenumbersofdisksandpartitionsarethesame,buteachdiskdevicecanhavea differentmodelanddifferentmanufacturerstrings. Theprimarydiskcontrollerscanbedifferentfromthesourcemachines controllers. Applicationsmightnotworkiftheydependondevicesthatarenotavailablefrom withinavirtualmachine.
VMware, Inc.
143
ClickOpen. WorkstationcreatesaVMwarevirtualmachine,withaVMwareconfigurationfile (.vmx)fortheconvertedvirtualmachineorsystemimage.Theconvertedvirtual machinelinkstothevirtualdisksoftheoriginalvirtualmachineorsystemimage unlessthesourceusesopenvirtualizationformat(.ovfor.ovafiles).Theoriginal VirtualPC,SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery,orStorageCraftconfiguration (.vmc,.spf,or.sv2i)fileisunchanged. Ifyouopenavirtualappliancethatuses.ovfor.ovafiles,Workstationcreatesa fullclone. Ifyouattempttoopenavirtualmachineorsystemimagethatispassword protected,youarepromptedforthepassword,andWorkstationcreatesafull clone.
Chapter 6 Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
VMware, Inc.
145
146
VMware, Inc.
Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:
StartingaVirtualMachineonpage 148 ShutDownaVirtualMachineonpage 151 DownloadComponentsonpage 153 PausingaVirtualMachineonpage 154 EncryptingaVirtualMachineonpage 155 DeleteaVirtualMachineonpage 158 ControllingtheVirtualMachineDisplayonpage 158 ConfiguringVideoandSoundonpage 172 InstallNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachineonpage 179 UseHostPrintersinaVirtualMachineonpage 180 UseRemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 181 ConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 182 CreateaScreenshotofaVirtualMachineonpage 183 CreateandPlayBackaMovieofaVirtualMachineonpage 184 AdvancedOptionsforApplicationDevelopersonpage 185
VMware, Inc.
147
TostartavirtualmachinefromtheWorkstationuserinterface,youmustopenthe virtualmachineandpoweriton. TostartavirtualmachinethatisrunninginthebackgroundwhenWorkstationis notrunning,youmustopenitsconsolefromthetaskbaronthehost. TostartavirtualmachinethatisavailablefromaWebserver,youmustusea commandlinecommandtobeginstreamingthevirtualmachineandthenstartit fromtheWorkstationwindow. Tostartavirtualmachinefromthecommandline,youmustusethe platformspecificprogramandstartupoptions.SeeStartupOptionsfor WorkstationandVirtualMachinesonpage 485.
148
VMware, Inc.
4 5
Ifthisiconisnotvisible,beforeyoubegin,usetheWorkspacetaboftheWorkstation preferenceseditortodisplayit.SeeIntroductiontoWorkstationPreferenceson page 67. To start a virtual machine that is running in the background 1 2 Clickthepowerstatusiconinthenotificationareaofthehoststaskbar. Selectavirtualmachinefromthelistthatappearsinthetooltip. Thelistcontainsthevirtualmachinesandteamsthatbelongtotheuserwhois loggedin. Workstationstartsanddisplaystheconsoleviewofthevirtualmachine.
VMware, Inc.
149
HTTPSisalsosupported. 3 WhenatabforthevirtualmachineopensintheWorkstationwindow,choose VM >Power>PowerOn. Virtualdiskdataisfetchedondemandsothatyoucanbeginusingthevirtual machinebeforethedownloadcompletes. Thestatusbarindicatestheprogressofthedownload.Pointtotheicononthe statusbarforVMstreamingandatooltipindicateswhetherstreamingisactiveand providestheURLoftheWebserver. 4 (Optional)Tosavethevirtualmachinesothatyoucanuseitwhenyoudonothave accesstotheWebserver,chooseVM>SaveforOfflineUse. Usingthissettingalsoallowsyoutopausedownloadingbypoweringoffthe virtualmachinebeforestreamingisfinished.Youcanrestartlaterbypoweringon thevirtualmachine.ItalsoallowsyoutousetheFile>Opencommandtoopenthe virtualmachineafteryoucloseit. Whenyoupoweroffastreamedvirtualmachine,youarepromptedtosaveordiscard changes.Ifyoudiscardchanges,thedirectorythatwascreatedonyourlocalmachine andallthevirtualmachinedataaredeleted.
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7,thedefaultfolderis:
C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
150
VMware, Inc.
OnLinuxhosts,Workstationstoresvirtualmachinesin:
<homedir>/vmware/<guestOSname>
VMware, Inc.
151
Download Components
Workstationliststhecomponentsthatmustbeinstalledtoimprovetheuserexperience oftheproduct.Beforeyoubegin,upgradetothelatestversionofWorkstation.Checkto makesureyouhavenetworkconnectivity. 1 Poweronthevirtualmachine. TheSoftwareUpdatesdialogboxappearswithalistofcomponentsreadyfor download.IfyouareconnectedtotheInternetyoucandecidewhetherto downloadtheupdatesorreceivearemindertodownloadlater. 2 IfyouareusingaproxytoconnecttotheInternet,completethefollowingtasks: a SelectVM>InstallVMwareTools. TheSoftwareUpdatesdialogboxappears. b Completetheproxycredentialstocontinue,andclickOK. TheSoftwareUpdatesdialogboxappearswithalistofcomponentsreadyfor download. 3 Downloadthecomponent.
VMware, Inc.
153
154
VMware, Inc.
SelectVM>Pausetopausethevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinedisplaydimsandaplaybuttonappearsoverthedisplay.
Clicktheplaybuttononthevirtualmachinedisplay,ordeselectVM>Pauseto unpausethevirtualmachine.
VMware, Inc.
155
Restrictions on Encryption
Theencryptionfeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
Avirtualmachinemustbepoweredoffbeforeyoucanaddorremoveencryption, orchangetheencryptionpassword. Theencryptionfeatureworksonlywithvirtualmachinesofvirtualhardware version5.xorlater. Youcancreatealinkedclonefromanencryptedvirtualmachine,butyoucannot encryptorremoveencryptionfromavirtualmachinethatistheparentofalinked clone. Thereisoneexceptiontothisrestriction.IfyouusetheConversionwizard(File> ImportorExport)tocreatealinkedclone,youcancreatealinkedclonewithout disablingtheencryptionfeaturefortheparentvirtualmachine.Ifyoucreatea linkedclonethiswayandthenencrypttheparentvirtualmachine,thelinkedclone cannotreaddatafromthevirtualdiskoftheencryptedparentvirtualmachine.To fixthisproblem,unencrypttheparentvirtualmachine. Ifyouplantousetheencryptionfeature,VMwarerecommendsthatyouavoidthis potentialproblembyusingVM>Clonetocreatealinkedclone.Workstation disablestheencryptionfeaturefortheparentofalinkedclonethatiscreatedwith theVM>Cloneoption.
156
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
157
158
VMware, Inc.
Youcanusekeyboardshortcutstocopy,cut,andpasteimages,plaintext,formatted text,andemailattachmentsbetweenapplicationsonyourhostmachineandvirtual machineapplicationsdisplayedinUnitymode.Youcanalsodraganddropandcopy andpastefilesbetweenhostandguest.SeeUsingtheCopyandPasteFeatureon page 189andUsingtheDragandDropFeatureonpage 187. NOTEIfyousaveafileorattempttoopenafilefromanapplicationinUnitymode,the filesystemyouseeisthefilesysteminsidethevirtualmachine.Youcannotopenafile fromthehostoperatingsystemorsaveafiletothehostoperatingsystem. WhenavirtualmachineisinUnitymode,youcanaccessthevirtualmachinesStart menu(forWindowsvirtualmachines)orApplicationsmenu(forLinuxvirtual machines)bypointingtooneofthefollowinglocations:
OnWindowshosts,pointtotheStartmenu. OnLinuxhosts,pointtotheupperleftcorneroftheprimarymonitor.
VMware, Inc.
159
Tohelpdistinguishbetweentheapplicationwindowsthatbelongtovariousvirtual machines,youcangivethemdifferentcolors.Forexample,youcansettheapplications foronevirtualmachinetohaveablueborderandsettheapplicationsforanother virtualmachinetohaveayellowborder. YoucanalsosetaWorkstationpreferencetominimizetheWorkstationwindowwhen youenterUnitymode. To set preferences for Unity mode 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectUnity. CompletethesettingspanelandclickOK. Usethefollowinginformationtodeterminewhichfeaturestoenable:
AStartmenuappearsonWindowsguests. AnApplicationsmenuappearsonLinuxguests.
OnWindowshosts,pointtotheStartmenu.OnLinuxhosts,pointtothe upperleftcorneroftheprimarymonitor.Themenuhasthesamecolorborder asthevirtualmachineapplicationwindows. 5 6 RepeatthisprocessforeachvirtualmachinethatyouplantouseinUnitymode. (Optional)ToautomaticallyminimizetheWorkstationwindowwhenyouenter Unitymode,dothefollowing: a b c ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytab. SelectMinimizeWorkstationwhenenteringUnityandclickOK. ThisWorkstationpreferenceisusedforallvirtualmachines.
160
VMware, Inc.
ThevirtualmachinemustbeaWorkstation6.xorhighervirtualmachine. VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledandrunninginthevirtualmachinesguest operatingsystem.TheversionofVMwareToolsmustbetheversionincludedin Workstation7.0.Forinstructions,seeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 104. TheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachinemustbeLinuxorWindows2000 orlater. ForLinuxguestsandhosts,VMwarerecommendsthatyouuseamodernversion ofMetacityorKDE.PerformanceonLinuxdependsonacombinationofvariables suchasthesystem,theapplicationsthatarerunning,andtheamountofRAM.
To enter and exit Unity mode 1 2 Inthevirtualmachine,opentheapplicationstouseinUnitymode. FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseView>Unity. AcheckmarkappearsnexttoUnityinthemenu. ThevirtualmachinesconsoleviewintheWorkstationwindowishidden,andthe guestsopenapplicationsappearinapplicationwindowsonthehostsdesktop. 3 ToexitUnitymode,displaytheWorkstationwindowandchooseView>Unityto removethecheckmarknexttoUnity,orclickExitUnityinthevirtualmachines consoleview.
VMware, Inc.
161
To access a virtual machines Start or Applications menu in Unity mode 1 2 ToenterUnitymode,poweronavirtualmachine,openoneormoreapplications, andchooseView>UnityfromtheWorkstationmenubar. TodisplaythevirtualmachinesStartorApplicationsmenuonthehost,dooneof thefollowing:
Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 104. NOTEIfyouplantorunthevirtualmachineinfullscreenmodeonalaptopcomputer, alsosettheguesttoreportbatteryinformation.SeeReportBatteryInformationinthe Guestonpage 180. To use full screen mode 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachineandmakesureitispoweredon. Ifyouhavemultiplemonitors,movetheWorkstationwindowintothemonitorto useforfullscreenmode.
162
VMware, Inc.
Toswitchfromfullscreenmodebacktowindowedmode,whichshowsthe virtualmachineinsideaWorkstationwindowagain,pressCtrl+Alt+Enter. Tohidethefullscreentoolbarandmenuswhileyouareusingfullscreen mode,clickthepushpiniconandmovethemousepointeroffofthetoolbar. Thisactionunpinsthetoolbar.Thetoolbarslidesuptothetopofthemonitor anddisappears.Todisplaythetoolbaragain,pointtothetopofthescreen untilthetoolbarappears. Ifyoucannotdisplaythefullscreentoolbar,seeSetPreferencesforAutofit, FullScreenMode,andUnityModeonpage 164.
Toswitchfromonepoweredonvirtualmachinetoanotherwhileinfull screenmode,dooneofthefollowing:
VMware, Inc.
163
Set Preferences for Autofit, Full Screen Mode, and Unity Mode
Youcansetpreferencesforhowthedisplaysettingsofallvirtualmachinesadjusttofit theWorkstationwindow.TheseadjustmentsoccurwhenyouresizetheWorkstation windoworwhenyouchangethedisplaysettingsinsidetheguest. Youcanalsoconfigurehowthehostandguestdisplaysettingsinteractwhenyouenter fullscreenmodeandUnitymode. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperating systemsinthevirtualmachines. To set preferences for autofit, full screen mode, and Unity mode 1 2 3 4 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytab. SelectoneormorecheckboxesintheAutofitsection. UsethefollowinginformationtohelpyoucompletetheFullScreensection:
164
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
165
OnWindowshosts,clicktheWorkstationicontodisplaythesystemmenu andchooseExclusiveMode.
OnLinuxhosts,clicktheViewmenuonthefullscreentoolbarandchoose ExclusiveMode.
166
VMware, Inc.
To use multiple monitors for one virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytabandintheFullScreensection,selectAutofitguestandclick OK. Selectavirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectDisplay. IfDisplaydoesnotappearinthelistontheHardwaretab,itprobablymeansthat thevirtualmachineisaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachine.OnlyWorkstation6.x orhighervirtualmachineshavethisfeature. 7 OnthesettingspanelfortheDisplaytab,specifyhowtodeterminethenumberof monitors. Inmostcases,selectUsehostsettingformonitors.Ifthevirtualmachineisrunon ahostthatisusingonemonitor,thevirtualmachinedetectsonlyonemonitor.But ifthesamevirtualmachineismovedtoahostthatisusingtwomonitors,the virtualmachinedetectstwomonitors. Thenumberofmonitorsdependsonthenumberofmonitorsthatthehost recognizesatstartup.Forexample,ifyoupoweronalaptopthatisundocked,the hostsettingisonemonitor,evenifyoulaterplacetherunninglaptopinadocking stationthatusestwomonitors.
VMware, Inc.
167
Similarly,ifthehosthasonemonitorandyoususpendthevirtualmachineand changethehosttohavetwomonitors,whenyouresumethevirtualmachine,itis stillconfiguredtouseonemonitor.Youmustrestartthevirtualmachinetodetect thenewsettings. Youmightwanttosetaspecificnumberofmonitorsif,forexample,youare writinganapplicationtobedisplayedonmultiplemonitorsbutthehostyouare usinghasonlyonemonitor. 8 Ifyousetaspecificnumberofmonitors,specifyasufficientmaximumresolution. Theresolutionofahostmonitorthatyouusetodisplaythevirtualmachinemust notexceedtheMaximumresolutionsettingthatyouspecify. 9 PoweronthevirtualmachineandchooseView>FullScreen. Formoreinformation,seeUseFullScreenModeonpage 162. Makesurethevirtualmachineiscompletelypoweredon.Ifwhenyoupoweron thevirtualmachine,itissettoberestoredfromasnapshotandifbackground snapshotsareenabled,poweringonmighttakelonger.Inthiscase,displayingthe virtualmachinetotwomonitorsmightnotworkcorrectlyatfirst.Ifyouseethis issue,gotoEdit>Preferences>Priorityanddeselectthecheckboxcalled Take andrestoresnapshotsinthebackground. 10 Onthefullscreentoolbar,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbutton. Thisbuttonisavailableonlyifthehosthasmultiplemonitors.Thisbuttonisshown inFigure 71,FullScreenToolbaronaWindowsHost,onpage 162. ClickingtheCycleMultipleMonitorsbuttoncausestheguestoperatingsystems desktoptoextendtotheadditionalmonitorormonitors. Ifthevirtualmachinedoesnotappearcorrectly,usethesystemmenu(on Windowshosts)ortheViewmenu(onLinuxhosts)andselectAutofitGuest. 11 Ifyouhavemorethantwomonitors,andyouwantthevirtualmachinetouse them,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbuttonagain. Theorderinwhichthemonitorsareuseddependsontheorderinwhichthe monitorswereaddedtothehostoperatingsystem. 12 Toreturntousingonlyonemonitor,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbutton untilthedisplayreturnstoonemonitor.
168
VMware, Inc.
4 5
VMware, Inc.
169
170
VMware, Inc.
AlltherestrictionsforresizingthattheX11Windowssystemimposesonphysical hostsapplytoguests:
Youcannotresizetoamodethatisnotdefined.TheVMwareTools configurationscriptcanaddalargenumberofmodelines,butyoucannot resizein1pixelincrementsasyoucaninWindows.VMwareToolsadds modelinesin100pixelincrements.Thismeansyoucannotresizeaguest largerthanthelargestmodedefinedinyourX11configurationfile.Ifyou attempttoresizelargerthanthatmode,ablackborderappearsandtheguest stopsincreasing. TheXserveralwaysstartsupinthelargestresolutionthatisdefined. You cannotavoidthisrestriction.TheXDM/KDM/GDMloginscreenalways appearsatthelargestsize.ButGnomeandKDEallowyoutospecifyyour preferredresolution,sothatyoucanreducetheguestdisplaysizeafteryou login.
VMware, Inc.
171
Useoneofthefollowingstrategiestoworkaroundthisproblemwithnonstandard resolutions:
172
VMware, Inc.
Youcantryeitherofthefollowingsolutions:
Increasethenumberofcolorsavailableonthehost. Decreasethenumberofcolorsusedintheguest.
Forbestperformance,usethesamenumberofcolorsintheguestandonthehost.
VMware, Inc.
173
OpenGLapplicationsruninsoftwareemulationmode. Youcannotusetherecord/replayfeaturetorecorda3Dapplication.
IfyouareusingaWindowshost,turnuphardwareaccelerationinthedisplay properties:
Toensurethat3Dapplicationsworkonyourhost,run:
glxgears
Afteryourhostisconfigured,configureavirtualmachineforaccelerated3D.
174
VMware, Inc.
Configuring Sound
WorkstationprovidesasounddevicecompatiblewiththeSoundBlasterAudioPCIand supportssoundinWindows95,Windows98,WindowsMe,WindowsNT,Windows XP,WindowsVista,Windows7,WindowsServer2003,andLinuxguestoperating systems.TheWorkstationsounddeviceisenabledbydefault. Soundsupportincludespulsecodemodulation(PCM)outputandinput.Forexample, youcanplay.wavfiles,MP3audio,andRealMediaaudio.MIDIoutputfromWindows guestsissupportedbytheWindowssoftwaresynthesizer.MIDIinputisnotsupported, andnoMIDIsupportisavailableforLinuxguests.
VMware, Inc.
175
TheALSAlibraryversiononthehostsystemmustbeversion1.0.16orlater. ThesoundcardonyourhostmachinemustsupportALSA.Thealsaproject.org Websitemaintainsacurrentlistingofsoundcardsandchipsetsthatsupport ALSA. Thecurrentusermusthavetheappropriatepermissionstoaccessthesound device. Thesounddeviceonthehostmustnotbemuted.Youcanusethealsamixer graphicalmixerprogramtoensurethatthesounddeviceisnotmuted.Enter alsmixerfromacommandprompt.Documentationforthealsamixerprogram isavailableontheInternet.
176
VMware, Inc.
Obtaining Sound Card Information YoucanobtaininformationaboutthesoundcardsonyourLinuxhostsystemfromthe commandline. To obtain sound card information by using the command line Atacommandprompt,enteroneofthefollowingcommands.
Command lspci | grep -i audio cat /proc/asound/cards alsamixer Description Tolistthenameandtypeofthesoundchipsetonyourhost machine Tolistthesoundcardsonyourhostmachine Todeterminewhetherthecurrentuserhastheappropriate permissionstoaccessthesounddevice
Ifthecurrentuserdoesnothavepermissions,anerrorsimilartothefollowingmessage appears: alsamixer: function snd_ctl_open failed for default: No such device. Givetheuserread,write,andexecutepermissionstothedirectorycontainingthe ASLAsounddevice.Typically,theALSAsounddeviceisfoundin/dev/snd/,butthis locationmayvary,dependingonyourdistributionofLinux. Using ALSA in a Virtual Machine YoucanconfigureyourvirtualmachinetouseALSAintheVirtualMachineSettings dialogbox. To use ALSA in a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectSoundCard. MakesurethattheConnectedandConnectatpoweroncheckboxesarechecked. SelectoneoftheConnectioncheckboxes.
Command Usedefaulthostsoundcard Specifyhostsoundcard Description TohaveWorkstationdetectthehostsoundcard Tochooseasoundcard.Makeaselectionfromthe dropdownmenu.Thedropdownmenudisplays PCMdevicesforeverysoundcardonthehostsystem.
5
VMware, Inc.
ClickSave.
177
Using an ALSA Sound Device that Does Not Appear in Virtual Machine Settings FollowthisproceduretouseanALSAsounddevicethatdoesnotappearinVirtual MachineSettings. To use an ALSA sound device that does not appear in Virtual Machine Settings 1 DeterminethenameoftheALSAsounddevice. Usingthealsa-utilspackage,atacommandprompt,enteraplay -Ltolist ALSAsounddevicesonyoursystem. 2 3 4 5 6 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectSoundCard. MakesuretheConnectedandConnectatpoweroncheckboxesarechecked. SelectSpecifyhostsoundcardandenterthenameoftheALSAsounddeviceto use,forexamplefront:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 ClickSave.
Overriding the ALS Library Version Requirement IfyourhostsystemdoesnotmeetALSArequirementsorforsomeotherreasoncannot useALSA,WorkstationusestheOSSAPIforsoundplaybackandrecording. Dependingonthesoundcardinthehostcomputer,thesoundqualitymightnotbeas goodwithanolderversionoftheALSAlibrary.VMwarerecommendsthatyou upgradethehostsystemtousenewersounddriversandlibraries. IfthehostsystemhasanolderversionoftheALSAlibrary,youcanoverridethe requirementforversion1.0.16. To override the ALSA library version requirement 1 2 Openthe.vmxvirtualmachineconfigurationfilewithatexteditor. Addtheoptionsound.skipAlsaVersionCheck = "TRUE".
178
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
179
3 4
180
VMware, Inc.
To use host printers in a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectAdd. IntheAddHardwareWizarddialogbox,selectVirtualPrinterandFinish. Thedefaultdevicesettingistoconnectthevirtualprinterwhenthevirtual machineispoweredon. WhentheACEVirtualPrinterpolicyisenabled,VirtualPrinterisavailableandcannot beremoveduntiltheACEVirtualPrinterpolicyisdisabled.
VMware, Inc.
181
NOTETheapplianceviewcannotbedisplayedforvirtualmachinesthatarepartofa team,justasthesummaryviewisnotdisplayedforindividualmembersofateam. To configure the appliance view for a virtual machine 1 (Optional)Tousealogointheapplianceview,createaPNGorBMPimagefilethat isnolargerthan256x256pixelsandplaceitinthedirectorythatcontainsthe.vmx fileforthevirtualmachine. Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroff. 3 4 5 ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectApplianceView. SelecttheEnableapplianceviewcheckbox.
182
VMware, Inc.
ClickOK.
Whenauserstartsthisvirtualmachine,theapplianceviewappears.Apoweringon messageappears,followedbyalinktoaccesstheappliancesmanagementconsole.
VMware, Inc.
183
Totakethescreenshot,dooneofthefollowing:
FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>CaptureScreen. PressCtrl+Alt+PrtScr(onWindowshosts)orShift+Ctrl+PrtScr(onLinux hosts). Thekeyboardshortcutworksregardlessofwhethermouseandkeyboard inputiscurrentlygrabbedbythevirtualmachineorthehost. ThekeycombinationCtrl+Alt+PrtScrassumesthatyourvirtualmachineis configuredtoungrabkeyboardandmouseinputifyoupressCtrl+Alt.Ifyou configuredadifferentshortcutforungrabbinginput,usethatshortcutwith thePrtScrkey.SeeChangetheHotKeyCombinationonpage 74.
184
VMware, Inc.
IntheSaveFiledialogbox,enterinformationforyourmovieandclickSave. Usethefollowingguidelines:
Whilemoviecaptureisactive,aredcircle(avirtualLED)appearsinthe notificationareaofthetaskbar.
5 6
Playthemoviebackinanycompatiblemediaplayer.
VIXAPIforwritingprogramstoautomatevirtualmachineoperations TheAPI ishighlevel,easytouse,andpracticalforbothscriptwritersandapplication programmers.APIfunctionsallowyoutoregister,poweronoroffvirtual machines,andrunprogramsintheguestoperatingsystems.Additionallanguage bindingsareavailableforPerl,COM,andshellscripts(vmrun).Formore information,seetheVMwareVIXAPIReleaseNotes. VAssertAPIforinsertingreplayonlycodetodebugapplications The experimentalVAssertfeatureenablesyoutousevirtualassertionsasyouwould regularassertionsintheapplicationsyoudevelop.VAssertsappearonlywhenyou replayarecordingofusingtheapplicationandsoareoverheadfree.ThisAPIis currentlyavailableonlyforWindowsguests.SeetheVAssertProgrammingGuide.
VMware, Inc.
185
VProbestoolforinvestigatingguestbehavior YoucanwriteVProbesscripts thatinspectandrecordactivitiesintheguest,VMM,VMX,andvirtualdevicestate, withoutmodifyingthatstate.Forexample,VProbescantrackwhichapplications arerunningorindicatewhichprocessesarecausingpagefaults.SeetheVProbes ProgrammingReference. VMCISocketsinterface ThisfeatureisasocketsinterfacefortheVirtual MachineCommunicationInterface,whichprovidesafastermeansof communicationamongapplicationsrunningonthehostandinvirtualmachines. Thisfeatureiswellsuitedfordeveloperswhowanttowriteclientserver applications.SeetheVMCISocketsProgrammingGuide. IntegratedVirtualDebuggersforVisualStudioandEclipse Theintegrated developmentenvironment(IDE)pluginsprovideaconfigurableinterface betweenvirtualmachinesandVisualStudioorEclipsethatletsyoutest,run,and debugprogramsinvirtualmachines.SeetheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipse DevelopersGuideandIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforVisualStudioDevelopersGuide.
186
VMware, Inc.
Thischapterdiscusseshowtotransferfilesbetweenthehostandguest.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:
VMware, Inc.
187
Whenyoudragafileorfolderfromhosttovirtualmachineorthereverse,Workstation copiesthefileorfoldertothelocationwhereyoudropit.Forexample,ifyoudropafile onthedesktopiconofawordprocessor,thewordprocessoropenswithacopyofthe originalfile.Theoriginalfiledoesnotreflectanychangesyoumaketothecopy. Initially,theapplicationopensusingacopyofthefilethatisstoredinyourtemp directory.OnWindows,thisisthedirectoryspecifiedinthe%TEMP%environment variable,andonLinuxandSolaris,itisthe/tmp/VMwareDnDdirectory.Toprotectany changesyoumake,selectFile>SaveAsfromtheapplicationmenuandsavethefilein adifferentdirectory. YoucandragimagesbetweenapplicationsonWindowshostsandapplicationsonlyon Windowsguests,ineitherdirection.Youcanalsodragplaintext,formattedtext,and emailattachmentsbetweenapplicationsonWindowsandLinuxhostsandguestsin anycombination,ineitherdirection.Draggingemailattachmentsisespeciallyusefulin Unitymode. Thedraganddropfeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
Draggingemailattachmentsisrestrictedtoimagesorfilessmallerthan4MB. Draggingplaintextandformattedtext(includingtheformatting)isrestrictedto amountslessthan4MB. DraggingtextisrestrictedtotextinlanguagesthatcanberepresentedbyUnicode characters. WorkstationusesthePNGformattoencodeimagesthataredragged.Dragging imagesisrestrictedtoimagessmallerthan4MBafterconversiontoPNGformat. DraggingimagesisnotsupportedforLinuxhostsorguests. OnWindows95andWindows98guests,thedraganddropfeatureissupported onlyforfilesanddirectories.
188
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 8 Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
3 4
ClicktheOptionstabandselectGuestIsolation. SelectordeselecttheEnabledraganddropcheckboxandclickOK.
Copyingandpastingemailattachmentsisrestrictedtoimagesorfilessmallerthan 4MB. Copyingandpastingplaintextandformattedtext(includingtheformatting)is restrictedtoamountslessthan4MB. Copyingandpastingtextisrestrictedtotextinlanguagesthatcanberepresented byUnicodecharacters. WorkstationusesthePNGformattoencodeimagesthatarecopiedandpasted. Copyingandpastingimagesisrestrictedtoimagessmallerthan4MBafter conversiontoPNGformat. Youcannotcopyandpastefilesbetweenvirtualmachines. OnWindows95andWindows98guests,copyingandpastingisrestrictedtoplain textinamountslessthan64KB.
VMware, Inc.
189
190
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 8 Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
Makesurethevirtualmachinesuseaguestoperatingsystemthatsupportsshared folders.Foralistofsupportedguestoperatingsystems,seeUsingShared Foldersonpage 190. VerifythatthecurrentversionofVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguest.See InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 104. Checkpermissionsettings.Accesstofilesinthesharedfolderisgovernedby permissionsettingsonthehostcomputer.Forexample,ifyouarerunning WorkstationasausernamedUser,thevirtualmachinecanreadandwritefilesin thesharedfolderonlyifUserhaspermissiontoreadandwritethem.For informationabouthowpermissionsettingaremappedbetweenLinuxand Windows,seeImprovedHandlingofPermissionsonpage 198.
Tosetupafolderforsharingbetweenvirtualmachines,configureeachvirtualmachine tousethesamedirectoryonthehostsystem(oronthenetwork). To set up shared folders 1 2 3 4 StartWorkstationandselectavirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSharedFolders. SelectAlwaysenabledorEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspend. YoucanselectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendonlywhenthevirtual machineispoweredon.Thissettingenablesfoldersharingtemporarily,untilyou shutdown,suspend,orrestartthevirtualmachine.Youmustselectthisoptionor AlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolderssection. 5 (Optional)Foreasyaccess,selecttheMapasanetworkdriveinWindowsguests checkboxtomapadrivetotheShared Foldersdirectory. Thisdirectorycontainsallthesharedfoldersyouenable.Thedriveletterisselected automatically.
VMware, Inc.
191
UsethefollowinginformationtocompletethewizardorPropertiesdialogbox:
SelectAlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolders section.
192
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 8 Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
Accesstheenabledsharedfolder:
VMware, Inc.
193
To enable or disable folder sharing for specific virtual machines 1 2 3 4 Selectavirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSharedFolders. UsethebuttonsintheFolderSharingsectiontoenableordisablesharedfolders andclickOK. YoucanselectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendonlywhenthevirtual machineispoweredon.Thissettingenablesfoldersharingtemporarily,untilyou shutdown,suspend,orrestartthevirtualmachine.Youmustselectthisoptionor AlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolderssection. 5 IfthevirtualmachinehasaWindowsoperatingsystem,selectwhethertomapa networkdrive. OnWindows,ifyoudisablesharedfolders,afteryoupoweronavirtualmachine andattempttoselectamappeddrivetothesharedfolder,youreceiveamessage thattheconnectioncannotbemade. Afteryouenablefoldersharingforavirtualmachine,specifywhichfolderscanbe shared.
194
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 8 Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
Toviewaspecificsharedfolder,dooneofthefollowing:
VMware, Inc.
195
OnaLinuxvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunder/mnt/hgfs. OnaSolarisvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunder/hgfs.
Performance Improvements
Hostguestfilesharingisintegratedwiththeguestpagecache.Filesinsharedfolders arecachedforreadingandcanbewrittentoasynchronously.However,youdonot experiencethereadcachingbenefitsonfilesthatarebeingactivelywrittentofromthe guest. Tospeedperformance,usethettl(timetolive)optiontothemountcommand.Usethis optiontospecifytheintervalusedbythehgfs(hostguestfilesystem)driverfor validatingfileattributes.Forexample,ifyouusethefollowingcommand,attributesare validatedevery3secondsinsteadofevery1second,whichisthedefault:
mount -o ttl=3 -t vmhgfs .host:/<share> <mountpoint>
196
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 8 Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
Folder Mounting
Thismechanismallowsyoutomountoneormoredirectoriesorsubdirectoriesina sharedfoldertoanylocationinyourfilesysteminadditiontothedefaultlocationof /mnt/hgfs.Youcanusethemountprogramtomountallshares,oneshare,ora subdirectorywithinasharetoanylocationinyourfilesystem.Thefollowingtable providesexamples.
Command mount -t vmhgfs .host:/ /home/user1/shares mount -t vmhgfs .host:/foo /tmp/foo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/foo/bar /var/lib/bar Description Mountsallsharesto /home/user1/shares Mountsthesharenamedfooto /tmp/foo Mountsthesubdirectorybarwithin thesharefooto/var/lib/bar
NOTEWhenyouinstallVMwareTools,anentryismadetoetc/fstabtospecifythe locationofsharedfolders.Youcaneditthisfiletochangeoraddentries. Tousemountinthisway,youmustusethevirtualmachinesettingseditorin Workstationtosetupandenableasharedfolder.Aftertheshareexists,youcanmount thesharedfoldertootherlocationsbesidesthedefault. InpreviousversionsofVMwareTools,whenaLinuxguestattemptedtomounta sharedfolder,thevmware-guestdprogramattemptedtoperformthemount.Ifit failed,theonlyevidenceofthefailurewasanemptyfolder. WiththenewversionofVMwareTools,theToolsservicesscriptloadsadriverthat performsthemount.Ifthemountfails,amessageappearsregardingmountingHGFS shares. Themountcanfailifsharedfoldersaredisabledorifthesharedoesnotexist.Youare notpromptedtoreruntheVMwareToolsconfigurator(the vmware-config-tools.plfile).
VMware, Inc.
197
IfyouuseaWindowshostandcreatefilesthatyouwanttosharewithaLinux guest,readonlyfilesaredisplayedashavingreadandexecutepermissionfor everyone,andotherfilesareshownasfullywritablebyeveryone. IfyouuseaLinuxguesttocreatefilesforwhichyouwanttorestrictpermissions, usethemountprogramwiththefollowingoptionsintheguest:uid,gid,fmask, dmask,ro(readonly),andrw(readwrite).Notethatrwisthedefault. IfyouareusingavirtualmachinecreatedwiththeWindowsversionof WorkstationorapreviousreleaseoftheLinuxversionofWorkstation,youcan changeonlytheownerpermissions.Thisbehavioristhesameasinprevious releases.
198
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 8 Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
YoucanmountvolumesformattedwithFAT(12/16/32)orNTFSonly.Ifthevirtual diskhasamixofpartitions(volumes)where,forexample,apartitionis unformattedorisformattedwithaLinuxoperatingsystemandanotherpartition isformattedwithaWindowsoperatingsystem,youcanmounttheWindows partitiononly. Youcanmountavirtualdiskthathasasnapshot,butifyouwritetothedisk,you canirreparablydamageasnapshotorlinkedclonepreviouslycreatedfromthe virtualmachine. Youcannotmountavirtualdiskifanyofits.vmdkfilesarecompressedorhave readonlypermissions.Changetheseattributesbeforemountingthevirtualdisk. Youcannotmapormountavirtualdiskthatisencrypted. CAUTIONVMwarerecommendsthatyouleavethecheckboxOpenfilein readonlymodeselectedintheMapaVirtualDiskdialogbox.Thissetting preventsyoufromaccidentallywritingdatatoavirtualdiskthatmightbethe parentofasnapshotorlinkedclone.Writingtosuchadiskmightmakethe snapshotorcloneunusable.
OnWindows,selectFile>MaporDisconnectVirtualDisks. OnLinux,selectFile>MountorUnmountVirtualDisks.
Mapormountavirtualdisk.
Inthedialogbox,clickBrowse,navigatetoadiskfile(.vmdkfile),selectit,and clickOpen.
VMware, Inc.
199
4 5
(Optional)Toviewamappeddrive,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindows,selectFile>MaporDisconnectVirtualDisks. OnLinux,selectFile>MountorUnmountVirtualDisks
Youcannowpoweronanyvirtualmachinethatusesthisdisk.
200
VMware, Inc.
Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 104. OnWindowsguests,whenyoudoasoftsuspend,ascriptreleasestheIPaddressifthe guestoperatingsystemisusingDHCP.OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,the scriptstopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.WhenyouusetheResumecommand onWindowsguests,ascriptgetsanewIPaddressfromDHCP.OnLinux,FreeBSD,and Solarisguests,networkingrestarts. To use hard suspend or soft suspend 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectPower. InthePowercontrolssection,specifyahardsuspend(Suspend)orasoftsuspend (SuspendGuest)operation. ClickOK.
202
VMware, Inc.
Using Snapshots
Takingsnapshotsletsyoupreservethestateofthevirtualmachinesothatyoucan returntothesamestaterepeatedly.
lesson 1
lesson 2
lesson 3
lesson 4
lesson 5
Workstationsupportsmorethan100snapshotsforeachlinearprocess. Usesnapshotsinalinearprocessforthefollowingsituations:
Youplantomakeriskychangesinavirtualmachine,suchasbytestingnew softwareorexaminingavirus.Beforeaddingnew,untestedcodetoaproject,take asnapshot. Youcanalwaysreverttoapreviousknownworkingstateoftheprojectifthenew codedoesnotworkasexpected.Ifthenewcodecausesnoproblems,youcantake anothersnapshotofthevirtualmachineinitsnewstate. NOTEYoucanconfigureavirtualmachinetotakeasnapshotanytimeitis poweredoff,preservingavirtualaudittrailasworkprogresses.SeeTakeor ReverttoaSnapshotatPowerOffonpage 213.
VMware, Inc.
203
baseline
IE base
Firefox base
SP1
IE base1
Firefox base1
SP2
IE base2
Firefox base2
Snapshot Relationships
Therelationshipbetweensnapshotsislikeaparentchildrelationship:
204
VMware, Inc.
Theparentsnapshotofavirtualmachineisthesnapshotonwhichthecurrentstate(the YouAreHerepositioninFigure 93)isbased.Afteryoutakeasnapshot,thatstored stateistheparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine.Ifyourevertorgotoanearlier snapshot,theearliersnapshotbecomestheparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine. Figure 9-3. Parent-Child Relationship Between Snapshots
Snapshots 2, 3, and 4 are all children of Snapshot1.
Snapshot 4 is the parent of the You Are Here position and therefore the parent of the virtual machine.
Thestateofaphysicaldiskisnotpreservedwhenyoutakeasnapshot.However,the stateofanindependentdiskisnotaffectedbysnapshots. Snapshotsoperateonindividualvirtualmachines.Ifyouselectateamofvirtual machinesandtakeasnapshot,onlythestateoftheactivevirtualmachineispreserved. SeeSummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachinesonpage 276. Whenyoureverttoasnapshot,youreturnthememory,settings,andvirtualdisksof thevirtualmachinetothestatetheywereinwhenyoutookthesnapshot.Tosuspend, poweron,orpoweroffthevirtualmachinewhenyoulaunchit,besureitisinthatstate whenyoutakethesnapshot.
VMware, Inc.
205
Snapshot Conflicts
Avoidtakingasnapshotwhenapplicationsinthevirtualmachinearecommunicating withothercomputers,especiallyinproductionenvironments. Supposeyoutakeasnapshotwhilethevirtualmachineisdownloadingafilefroma serveronthenetwork.Afteryoutakethesnapshot,thevirtualmachinecontinues downloadingthefile,communicatingitsprogresstotheserver.Ifyoureverttothe snapshot,communicationsbetweenthevirtualmachineandtheserverareconfused andthefiletransferfails. Orconsideracaseinwhichyoutakeasnapshotwhileanapplicationinthevirtual machineissendingatransactiontoadatabaseonaseparatemachine.Ifyourevertto thatsnapshotafterthetransactionstartsbutbeforeitiscommitted,thedatabaseis likelytobeconfused.
206
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
207
Snapshotofavirtualmachinethatispoweredoff
Snapshotofavirtualmachinethatispoweredon
Snapshotusedtocreatealinkedclone
Recordingofavirtualmachine
AutoProtectsnapshot
YouAreHereicon
208
VMware, Inc.
Take a Snapshot
Youcanusuallytakeasnapshotwhileavirtualmachineispoweredon,poweredoff, orsuspended. Followingaretheprerequisitesfortakingasnapshot:
VMware, Inc.
209
Ifyouruseofvirtualmachinesisstronglyperformanceoriented,theguest operatingsystemsdrivesaredefragmented.SeeDefragmentVirtualDiskson page 239. Ifthevirtualmachinehasmultipledisksindifferentdiskmodes,thevirtual machineispoweredoff.Forexample,ifaspecialpurposeconfigurationrequires youtouseanindependentdisk,youmustpoweroffthevirtualmachinebefore takingasnapshot. IfthevirtualmachinewascreatedwithWorkstation4deleteanyexisting snapshotsorupgradethevirtualmachinetoWorkstation5.xorhigher.See ChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 94.
210
VMware, Inc.
Toreverttotheparentsnapshot,chooseVM>Snapshot>ReverttoSnapshot. Toreverttoasnapshotthatisnottheparent,chooseVM>Snapshotandselectthe snapshotname. Tosetthevirtualmachinetoreverttotheparentsnapshoteverytimethevirtual machineispoweredoff,seeRevertatPowerOffonpage 211. NOTEThelistofsnapshotsinVM>SnapshotdoesnotshowanAutoProtect snapshotuntilyourestorethatsnapshotinthesnapshotmanager.Usethe snapshotmanager(VM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager)todisplayandrestore AutoProtectsnapshots.
VMware, Inc.
211
3 4
ClicktheOptionstabandselectSnapshot/Replay. IntheWhenpoweringoffsection,selectReverttosnapshot.
Todeleteallsnapshotsandrecordings,rightclickasnapshotorrecording, selectSelectAll,andclickDelete.
Whenpromptedtoconfirmthedeletion,clickOK,andclickCloseinthesnapshot manager.
212
VMware, Inc.
ClickOK.
VMware, Inc.
213
AutoProtect Restrictions
TheAutoProtectfeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
214
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
215
216
VMware, Inc.
10
10
TheVirtualMachinesUniversalUniqueIdentifieronpage 217 CloningaVirtualMachineonpage 219 MovingaVirtualMachineonpage 223 MovinganOlderVirtualMachineonpage 226 MovingLinkedClonesonpage 227 SharingVirtualMachineswithOtherUsersonpage 227 UsingVNCforRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachineonpage 228 MakeVirtualMachinesAvailableforStreamingfromaWebServeronpage 230 SharingVirtualMachineswithVMwarePlayeronpage 231
VMware, Inc.
217
Thevaluefor<action>canbeeithercreate,toalwaysgenerateanewUUID,or keep,toalwaysretaintheUUID.
218
VMware, Inc.
To specify a UUID for a virtual machine 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Opentheconfiguration(.vmx)filewithatexteditor. Searchforthelinethatcontainsuuid.bios. Theformatofthelineisuuid.bios = "<uuid_value>",withquotationmarks aroundtheparametervalue.Followingisanexampleoftheconfigurationsetting:
uuid.bios = "00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77-88 99 aa bb cc dd ee ff"
4 5 6
ThenewUUIDisusedwhenthevirtualmachineboots.
VMware, Inc.
219
Types of Clones
Twotypesofclonesareavailable:fullandlinked.
Full Clones
Afullcloneisacompleteandindependentcopyofavirtualmachine.Itsharesnothing withtheparentvirtualmachineafterthecloningoperation.Ongoingoperationofafull cloneisentirelyseparatefromtheparentvirtualmachine. Becauseafullclonedoesnotsharevirtualdiskswiththeparentvirtualmachine,full clonesgenerallyperformbetterthanlinkedclones.However,fullclonestakelongerto createthanlinkedclones.Creatingafullclonecantakeseveralminutesifthefiles involvedarelarge. Thefullcloneduplicatesonlythestateofthevirtualmachineattheinstantofthe cloningoperation.Thusthefullclonedoesnothaveaccesstoanysnapshotsthatmight existoftheparentvirtualmachine.
Linked Clones
Alinkedcloneisacopyofavirtualmachinethatsharesvirtualdiskswiththeparent virtualmachineinanongoingmanner.Alinkedcloneismadefromasnapshotofthe parent.SeeScenariosforUsingMultipleSnapshotsonpage 203.Thisconservesdisk spaceandallowsmultiplevirtualmachinestousethesamesoftwareinstallation. CAUTIONYoucannotdeletethelinkedclonesnapshotwithoutdestroyingthelinked clone.Youcansafelydeletethissnapshotonlyifyoualsodeletetheclonethatdepends onit.
220
VMware, Inc.
Allfilesavailableontheparentatthemomentyoutakethesnapshotcontinuetoremain availabletothelinkedclone.Ongoingchangestothevirtualdiskoftheparentdonot affectthelinkedclone,andchangestothediskofthelinkedclonedonotaffectthe parent. Alinkedclonemusthaveaccesstotheparent.Withoutaccesstotheparent,youcannot usealinkedclone.Youcanmakealinkedclonefromalinkedclone,butkeepinmind thattheperformanceofthelinkedclonedegrades.Whenpossible,makealinkedclone oftheparentvirtualmachine. Ifyoumakeafullclonefromalinkedclone,however,thefullcloneisanindependent virtualmachinethatdoesnotrequireaccesstothelinkedcloneoritsparent. Linkedclonesarecreatedswiftly,soyoucaneasilycreateauniquevirtualmachinefor eachtask.Youcanalsoeasilyshareavirtualmachinewithotherusersbystoringthe virtualmachineonyourlocalnetwork,whereotheruserscanquicklymakealinked clone.Thisfacilitatescollaboration.Forexample,asupportteamcanreproduceabug inavirtualmachine,andanengineercanquicklymakealinkedcloneofthatvirtual machinetoworkonthebug.
Creating Clones
Ifyoudecidetocreatealinkedcloneandyouwanttopreventtheparentvirtual machinefrombeingaccidentallydeleted,enabletemplatemodebeforeusingtheClone VirtualMachinewizard.
VMware, Inc.
221
4 5
222
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
223
Open a Virtual Machine Created in ESX Server That Has More Than Two Processors
YoucanuseWorkstation5.5orhigher,runningonamultiprocessorhostmachine,to openavirtualmachinecreatedinVMwareESXServerthathasoneormorevirtual processors.However,inWorkstationyoucannotpoweronorresumeavirtualmachine thathasmorethantwovirtualprocessorsassigned,evenifmoreprocessorswere assignedwhenthevirtualmachinewascreatedinESXServer. Youcanseethissettinginthevirtualmachinessummaryvieworbyusingthevirtual machinesettingseditor.
224
VMware, Inc.
To open a virtual machine created in ESX Server that has more than two processors 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings>Hardware>Processors. NotethatNumberofProcessorsissettoOther(x),wherexisthenumberof processorsoriginallyassignedinESXServer. Workstationpreservesthisoriginalconfigurationsettingforthenumberof processors,eventhoughtwoisthemaximumnumberofprocessorssupported. 3 Changethissettingtotwoprocessorssothatyoucanpoweronthevirtualmachine inWorkstation. Afteryoucommitachangetothissetting,theoriginalsettingfornumberof processorsisdiscarded,andnolongerappearsasanoptioninthevirtualmachine settingseditor.
VMware, Inc.
225
4 5
Onthenewhost,startWorkstation,chooseFile>Open,andbrowsetothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileinitsnewlocation. (Optional)Ifyouaremovingthevirtualmachinetoadifferentlocationonthesame host,removethevirtualmachinefromtheFavoriteslistandadditagainusingthe newlocation. Whenyouarecertainthatthevirtualmachineinthenewlocationworkscorrectly, deletethevirtualmachinefilesfromtheoldlocation,ifneeded. Ifthevirtualmachineinthenewlocationisnotworkingcorrectly,examinethe virtualmachineintheoriginallocationtodetermineifyoumissedcopyingsome files.Somefilesmightresideoutsideofthevirtualmachinedirectory. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings>Hardware)toselect devicesanddeterminewhetheranyassociatedfilespointtolocationsthatcannot beaccessedfromthenewlocation.
226
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
227
228
VMware, Inc.
ClickOK.
Youcannottakeorreverttosnapshots. Youcannotchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine.Thatis,youcannot poweron,poweroff,suspend,orresume.Althoughyoucannotpoweroff,youcan shutdowntheguestoperatingsystem,andshuttingdownmightpoweroffthe virtualmachine. Youcannotcopyandpastetextbetweenthehostandguestoperatingsystem. Youcannotconfigurethevirtualmachinewiththevirtualmachinesettingseditor. Remotedisplaydoesnotworkwellifyouarealsousingthe3Dfeature.This featureisdescribedinSupportforDirect3DGraphicsonpage 173.
VMware, Inc.
229
To use a VNC client to connect to a virtual machine 1 Onalocalorremotecomputer,startaVNCclient. YoucanuseanyVNCclient,butnotaJavaviewerinabrowser.Todownloadand installaVNCclient,checkoneofthemanyWebsiteswhereyoucanbuyorgetone forfree. 2 Makesuretheclientissetforhextileencoding. Forexample,ifyouuseRealVNCViewer,underthePreferredEncodingoption, selectHextile. 3 Settheclienttouseallcolors. Forexample,ifyouuseRealVNCViewer,undertheColourLeveloption,select Full(allavailablecolours). 4 WhenpromptedfortheVNCservername,enterthenameorIPaddressofthehost computerandtheportnumber. Usetheformat:
<machine_name>:<port_number>
Enterapasswordifyouarepromptedtodoso.
230
VMware, Inc.
DependingonthetypeofWebserver,usethefollowingkeepalivesettings:
4 5
Onproxyservers,settheproxyconnectiontoKeepalive. UploadthevirtualmachinedirectorytotheWebserver.
VMware, Inc.
231
Fromthecommandline,openacommandprompt,andenteroneofthe followingcommands:
OnWindows,enter<path>vmplayer.exe The<path>valueisthepathonyoursystemtotheapplicationfile.
FromtheWelcomepage,youcan:
232
VMware, Inc.
ToexitVMwarePlayer,dooneofthefollowing:
Shutdowntheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachine. VMwarePlayerclosesaftertheguestoperatingsystemshutsdown.
InVMwarePlayer,chooseFile>Exit(Windows)orFile>Quit(Linux).
Determinewhichvirtualdevicesareactuallyrequired,anddonotincludeanythat arenotneededorusefulforthesoftwareyouaredistributingwiththevirtual machineandVMwarePlayer.Forexample,genericSCSIdevicesaretypicallynot appropriate. Toconnectaphysicaldevicetoavirtualdevice,usetheAutodetectoptionswhen configuringthevirtualmachine.TheAutodetectoptionsallowthevirtual machinetoadapttotheuserssystem,andtheyworkwhetherthehostoperating systemisWindowsorLinux.Userswhohavenophysicaldevicereceiveawarning message. ToconnectaCDROMorfloppytoanimagefilethatyoushipwiththevirtual machine,makesuretheimagefileisinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualmachine. Thisway,arelativepath,ratherthananabsolutepath,isused. ForbothaphysicalCDROMandanimage,providetwovirtualCDROMdevices inthevirtualmachine.VMwarePlayerdoesnotprovideanoptionintheuser interfacetoswitchasingleCDROMdevicebetweenaphysicalCDROMandan image.Thisalsomeansthatifyouwanttoshipmultipleimages,theusercannot switchbetweenthem.
VMware, Inc.
233
Chooseareasonableamountofmemorytoallocatetothevirtualmachine.Ifthe usershostmachinedoesnothaveenoughphysicalmemorytosupportthe memoryallocation,VMwarePlayercannotpoweronthevirtualmachine. InstallVMwareToolsinthevirtualmachine.VMwareToolssignificantlyimproves theusersexperienceworkingwiththevirtualmachine. Chooseareasonablescreenresolutionfortheguest.Auserislikelytofinditeasier toincreasetheresolutionmanuallythantodealwithadisplaythatexceedsthe usersphysicalscreensize. SomehostoperatingsystemsdonotsupportCDROMsinnonlegacymode.To ensurethatCDROMsworkproperlyinvirtualmachinesthatyouintendto distributeandplayonVMwarePlayer,configureCDROMdevicesinlegacy mode.SeeLegacyEmulationforDVDandCDDrivesonpage 252. SelectanappropriatesettinginVM>Settings>Options>Snapshots>When poweringoff.SetthisoptiontoJustpowerofforReverttosnapshot.VMware Playerdoesnotallowtakingsnapshots. TheoptionReverttosnapshotisusefulifyouwanttodistributeademothatresets itselftoacleanstatewhenpoweredoff.
234
VMware, Inc.
11
11
Thischapterprovidesinformationabouthowtoconfigurevirtualharddiskstorageto bestmeetyourneeds.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:
VirtualMachineDiskStorageonpage 235 VirtualDiskMaintenanceTasksonpage 238 AddingVirtualandPhysicalDiskstoaVirtualMachineonpage 241 AddingDVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachineonpage 250 UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManageronpage 254 UsingDualBootComputerswithVirtualMachinesonpage 254 LegacyVirtualDisksonpage 254
VMware, Inc.
235
Portability
Akeyadvantageofvirtualdisksistheirportability.Becausethevirtualdisksarestored asfilesonthehostmachineoraremotecomputer,youcanmovethemeasilytoanew locationonthesamecomputerortoadifferentcomputer.YoucanalsouseWorkstation onaWindowshosttocreatevirtualdisks,movethemtoaLinuxcomputer,anduse themwithWorkstationforLinux,andthereverse.SeeMovingaVirtualMachineon page 223.
Lock Files
Arunningvirtualmachinecreateslockfilestopreventconsistencyproblemsonvirtual disks.Withoutlocks,multiplevirtualmachinesmightreadandwritetothedisk, causingdatacorruption.
236
VMware, Inc.
Lockfilesarecreatedinsubdirectorieswitha.lcksuffix.Thelockingsubdirectories resideinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualmachines.vmdkfiles.Alockingsubdirectory andlockfilearecreatedfor.vmdkfiles,.vmxfiles,and.vmemfiles. SincetheWorkstation6.0release,aunifiedlockingmethodisusedonallhostoperating systems,sofilessharedbetweenthemarefullyprotected.Forexample,ifoneuseron aLinuxhosttriestopoweronavirtualmachinethatisalreadypoweredonbyanother userwithaWindowshost,thelockfilespreventtheseconduserfrompoweringonthe virtualmachine. Whenavirtualmachinepowersoff,itremovesthelockingsubdirectoriesandtheirlock files.Ifitcannotremovetheselockingcontrols,oneormorestalelockfilesmight remain.Forexample,ifthehostmachinefailsbeforethevirtualmachineremovesits lockingcontrols,stalelockfilesremain. Whenthevirtualmachinerestarts,itscansanylockingsubdirectoriesforstalelockfiles and,whenpossible,removesthem.Alockfileisconsideredstaleifbothofthe followingconditionsaretrue:
Thelockfilewascreatedonthesamehostthatisnowrunningthevirtualmachine. Theprocessthatcreatedthelockisnolongerrunning.
Physical Disks
Insomecircumstances,youmightneedtogiveyourvirtualmachinedirectaccesstoa physicalharddriveonthehostcomputer.Aphysicaldiskdirectlyaccessesanexisting localdiskorpartition.Youcanusephysicaldiskstorunoneormoreguestoperating systemsfromexistingdiskpartitions. CAUTIONDonotattemptphysicaldiskconfigurationsunlessyouareanexpertuser.
Althoughvirtualdisksarelimitedto950GB,physicaldiskscanbesetuponbothIDE andSCSIdevicesofupto2TBcapacity.Bootingfromanoperatingsystemalreadyset uponanexistingSCSIdiskorpartitioniscurrentlynotsupported. CAUTIONRunninganoperatingsystemnativelyonthehostcomputerandswitching torunningitinsideavirtualmachineislikepullingtheharddriveoutofonecomputer andinstallingitinasecondcomputerwithadifferentmotherboardandhardware.The stepsyoutakedependontheoperatingsystemyouwanttouseinsidethevirtual machine.SeetheVMwaretechnicalnoteDualBootComputersandVirtualMachineson theVMwareWebsite. Youcanalsocreateanewvirtualmachinethatusesaphysicaldisk.SeeUsingPhysical DisksinaVirtualMachineonpage 244.Inmostcases,however,itisbettertousea virtualdisk.Ifyouuseaphysicaldisk,the.vmdkfilestoresinformationaboutthe physicaldiskorpartitionthatthevirtualmachineuses. Afteryouconfigureavirtualmachinetouseoneormorepartitionsonaphysicaldisk, donotmodifythepartitiontablesbyrunningfdiskorasimilarutilityintheguest operatingsystem. Ifyouusefdiskorasimilarutilityonthehostoperatingsystemtomodifythepartition tableofthephysicaldisk,youmustrecreatethevirtualmachinesphysicaldisk.All filesthatwereonthephysicaldiskarelostwhenyoumodifythepartitiontable.
238
VMware, Inc.
OnLinuxhosts,clickDefragment. OnWindowshosts,clickUtilitiesandchooseDefragment.
e 3
Whentheprocessisfinished,clickOK.
Runadiskdefragmentationutilityonthehostcomputer. Defragmentingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime.
VMware, Inc.
239
Thevirtualmachineispoweredoff. Thevirtualdiskisnotmapped(onWindowsguests)ormounted(onLinux guests).Youcannotcompactavirtualdiskwhileitismappedormounted. Thediskspaceisnotpreallocatedforthevirtualharddisk.Usethevirtualmachine settingseditortoviewthediskinformationforthisvirtualharddisk.Ifthedisk spacewaspreallocated,youcannotcompactthedisk. Ifthevirtualharddiskisanindependentdisk,itisinpersistentmode. Tochangethemode,seeExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshotsonpage 207for adescriptionofindependentdisks.
240
VMware, Inc.
Makesurethefollowingprerequisitesaremet:
Todeterminewhetherthevirtualmachinehassnapshots,isalinkedclone,oristhe parentofalinkedclone,checktheinformationatthetopoftheSummarytabforthe virtualmachine. To expand a virtual disk 1 2 3 4 5 6 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectHardDiskforthevirtualharddisktoexpand. SelectUtilities>Expand. Setthenewmaximumsizeforthevirtualdisk. SelectExpand. ClickOKafterthediskexpansionprocessiscomplete.
Afteryouexpandthevirtualdisk,youmustuseadiskmanagementtooltoincreasethe diskpartitionsizetomatchtheexpandedvirtualdisksize.
VMware, Inc.
241
242
VMware, Inc.
Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,clickOK.
10 Usetheguestoperatingsystemtoolstopartitionandformatthenewdriveforuse.
VMware, Inc.
243
Afteryouremovethediskfromthevirtualmachine,youcandoeitherofthefollowing:
244
VMware, Inc.
Checktheguestoperatingsystemdocumentationregardingthetypeofpartition onwhichtheoperatingsystemcanbeinstalled.
Afteryoudeterminethatthephysicaldiskmeetstheseprerequisites,useeitherofthe followingstrategiestousethephysicaldiskinavirtualmachine:
VMware, Inc.
245
Change a Windows Disk Type from Dynamic to Basic TouseaharddiskinavirtualmachinewhosehostisrunningWindowsXPorWindows Server2003,thevirtualmachinemustuseabasicdisk. To change a Windows disk type from dynamic to basic 1 Onthehost,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AdministrativeTools> ComputerManagement>DiskManagement. Thediskmanagementtoolopens. 2 Deletealllogicalvolumesonthedisk. Thisactiondestroysalldataonthedisk. 3 4 RightclickthediskiconandselectReverttoBasicDisk. Partitionthedisk.
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP host 1 2 3 ChooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AdministrativeTools>Computer Management>Storage>DiskManagement. SelectapartitionandchooseAction>AllTasks>ChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemove.
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows Vista Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows Vista host 1 2 3 SelectStart>ControlPanel(ClassicView)>AdministrativeTools>Computer Management>Storage>DiskManagement. RightclickapartitionandchooseChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemoveandOK.
246
VMware, Inc.
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows 7 Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows 7 host 1 2 3 4 5 SelectStart>ControlPanel. Inthemenubar,clickthearrownexttoControlPanel. Fromthedropdownmenu,selectAllControlPanelItems>Administrative Tools>ComputerManagement>Storage>DiskManagement(Local). RightclickapartitionandchooseChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemoveandOK.
Set Permissions on Linux Hosts Ifpermissionsaresetcorrectly,thephysicaldiskconfigurationfilesinWorkstation controlaccess.Thisreliabilityprovidesbootmanagersaccesstoconfigurationfilesand otherfilestheymightneedtobootoperatingsystems.Forexample,LILOneedstoread /bootonaLinuxpartitiontobootanonLinuxoperatingsystemthatmightbeon anotherdrive. To set permissions on Linux hosts 1 Makesurethemasterphysicaldiskdeviceordevicesarereadableandwritableby theuserwhorunsWorkstation.
GrantVMwareWorkstationusersaccesstoall/dev/hd[abcd]physicaldevices thatcontainoperatingsystemsorbootmanagers.
VMware, Inc.
247
To create a virtual machine that uses a physical disk 1 2 UsetheCustomsetupintheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtual machinethatusesaphysicaldisk. OntheSelectaDiskpageofthewizard,selectUseaphysicaldisk,andchooseto useindividualpartitionsortheentiredisk. Ifyouuseindividualpartitions,onlythepartitionsyouselectareaccessibletothe virtualmachine.Theotherpartitionsmightbevisibletotheguestoperating system,butyoucannotmount,access,orformatthem. 3 (Optional)Tospecifyadevicenodeforthevirtualdiskorexcludedisksfrom snapshots,dothefollowing: a b c d
SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthephysicaldiskandclickAdvanced. Tochangethedevicenode,selectfromtheVirtualdevicenodelist. Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,selectIndependentforthemodeandchoose oneofthefollowingoptions: PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksona physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodeiswritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhen youpowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyou torestartthevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime. Changestothediskarewrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeleted whenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachine. SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 205.
248
VMware, Inc.
10
OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,acceptthedefaultfilenameandlocationorbrowse toadifferentlocation.
VMware, Inc.
249
11
(Optional)Tospecifyadevicenodeforthevirtualdiskorexcludedisksfrom snapshots,dothefollowing: a b c
OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,clickAdvanced. Tochangethedevicenode,selectfromtheVirtualdevicenodelist. Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,selectIndependentforthemodeandchoose oneofthefollowingoptions: PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksona physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodeiswritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhen youpowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyou torestartthevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime. Changestothediskarewrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeleted whenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachine. SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 205.
250
VMware, Inc.
YoucanconfigurethevirtualDVDorCDdriveaseitherIDEorSCSIregardlessofthe typeofphysicaldriveyouconnectitto.Forexample,ifyourhostcomputerhasanIDE CDdrive,youcansetupthevirtualmachinedriveaseitherSCSIorIDEandconnectit tothehostdrive.ThesameistrueifthephysicaldriveonthehostisaSCSIdrive. To add a DVD or CD drive to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectDVD/CDROMDriveandclickNext. MakeaselectionontheSelectaDriveConnectionpageandclickNext. (Optional)IfyouselectUsephysicaldrive: a b c ChooseadrivefromthedropdownlistorchooseAutodetect. ToavoidconnectingtheCDdrivewhenthevirtualmachinestarts,deselect Connectatpoweron. Tospecifywhichdevicenodethedriveusesinthevirtualmachine,click Advanced. SelectLegacyemulationonlyifyouexperiencedproblemsusingnormal mode.SeeLegacyEmulationforDVDandCDDrivesonpage 252. d 7 ClickFinish.
VMware, Inc.
251
252
VMware, Inc.
7 8
5 6
(Optional)Tomakethefilereadonly,selecttheReadOnlycheckbox. ClickOK.
VMware, Inc.
253
254
VMware, Inc.
YoucanuseWorkstation7.0topoweronvirtualmachinescreatedwitholderversions ofWorkstationorotherVMwareproducts.However,manynewfeaturesof Workstationarenotavailableinoldervirtualmachines.Toupgradeyourvirtual machinestoWorkstation7.0,seeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 94. Ifyoudecidenottoupgradeavirtualmachine,VMwarerecommendsthatyouupgrade VMwareToolstothelatestversion.SeeVMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 115. DonotremovetheolderversionofVMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenewversion. YoucanalsouseWorkstationtocreateaversion4,5.x,or6.xvirtualmachine.SeeUse theNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 89.UsetheCustomsetupinthewizard. NOTEIfyouhaveWorkstation 2or3virtualmachinesthatyouwanttousewith Workstation 7.0,upgradethevirtualmachinestoatleastWorkstationversion 4before youattempttopowerthemonwithWorkstation 7.0.
VMware, Inc.
255
256
VMware, Inc.
12
12
Therecord/replayfeatureallowsyoutorecordallofaWorkstation5.x,6.x,or7.0virtual machinesactivityoveraperiodoftime.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:
UsesoftheRecord/ReplayFeatureonpage 257 PhysicalandVirtualHardwareRequirementsonpage 258 ConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachineonpage 259 CreateaRecordingonpage 264 ReplayaRecordingonpage 265 UsinganExecutionTraceFileofaRecordingonpage 266 MaintenanceTasksforUsingRecordingsonpage 268
VMware, Inc.
257
HostCPUsRecord/replaysupportislimitedtocertainprocessorsonthehost. If youusetherecord/replayfeatureonahostcomputerthatdoesnothavethe supportedprocessor,whenyouenabletherecord/replayfeatureandtrytocreate arecording,amessageappears,informingyouthatrecordingisnotsupportedon yourprocessor. SupportedprocessorsincludeIntelPentium4,IntelCore2andlaterversions, NextGenerationIntelMicroarchitectureNehalem,andPenryn/Harpertown,and AMDBarcelonaandlaterversions.Otherprocessorsmightoperatemoreslowly duringrecordingandreplaying. NOTEIftherecord/replayfeatureisunstableonyourP4system,disable hyperthreadingandlogicalprocessorsintheBIOS. WhenthesefeaturesareenabledinBIOS,otherapplicationsusingperformance countersmayinterferewiththevirtualmachinerunningintherecord/replay mode.Anexampleofanapplicationusingperformancecountersisthe performanceprofilingtool. Toensurethattheprocessorconfigurationiscompatiblewithrecord/replay,you mustconfigureyourvirtualmachine.SeeConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtual Machineonpage 259.
VirtualmachineversionOnlyWorkstation5.x,6.x,and7.0virtualmachinescan berecorded.
258
VMware, Inc.
SupportedoperatingsystemsYoucanusetherecord/replayfeatureforthe followingguestoperatingsystems:
VMware, Inc.
259
260
VMware, Inc.
ClickOK.
StopStopstherecordingthatisinprogress. AddSnapshotTakesareplaysnapshotatthecurrentlocationwithinthe recording.Youcanusethissnapshotduringreplaytoskipaheadinarecording. AddMarkerAddsamarkerintherecordingwithouttakingareplaysnapshot. Youcanaddandlabelamarkerasareminderofapointofinterestintherecording. MinimizeOnWindowsandLinuxhosts,the()buttonminimizestherecord controldialogboxtothelowerleftsideofthestatusbar.Theminimizedmode allowsyoutoworkonthevirtualmachineandusethecontrolsinthestatusbarto eitherstoparecordingoraddamarker. NOTEYoucannotclosetherecordcontroldialogbox.
MaximumdiskspaceShowsthemaximumdiskspacequotaallocatedforthe recording. SavingthelastDisplaystheapproximatedurationoftimewheretheendofa recordingissaved.Forexample,ifyouaresavingthelast30minutesofthe recording,astherecordingcontinues,onlythelast30minutesofthevirtual machineactivityissavedatanygiventime. SnapshotFrequencyShowsthefrequencywhenanautomaticreplaysnapshot isaddedtotherecording. NextautosnapshotDisplayswhenthenextautomaticreplaysnapshotisgoing tobeaddedtotherecording. LastsnapshotIndicateswhenthelastreplaysnapshotwasaddedtothe recording.
261
VMware, Inc.
zoom controls
Go to Beginning
Go to Previous Snapshot
Go to Next Snapshot
pause
replay snapshots
Thereplaycontroldialogboxcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
262
VMware, Inc.
AddMarkerAddsamarkerintherecordingwithouttakingareplaysnapshot. Youcanaddandlabelamarkerasareminderofapointofinterestintherecording. GotoBeginningReturnstothebeginningoftherecording. GotoPreviousSnapshotReplaystherecordingtothepointwheretheprevious replaysnapshotislocatedandpausestheplayback. GotoNextSnapshotReplaystherecordingtothepointwherethenextreplay snapshotislocatedandpausestheplayback. GotoThisSnapshotReplaystherecordingfromtheselectedreplaysnapshot. Rightclickthereplaysnapshoticontousethisoption. RenameThisSnapshotRenamestheselectedreplaysnapshot.Rightclickthe replaysnapshoticontousethisoption. DeleteUptoThisSnapshotDeletestheportionoftherecordinguptothe selectedreplaysnapshot.Allthemarkersandreplaysnapshotsuptotheselected replaysnapshotaredeletedandcannotberecovered.Rightclickthereplay snapshoticontousethisoption. DeleteAfterThisSnapshotDeletestheremainingportionoftherecordingafter theselectedreplaysnapshot.Allthemarkersandreplaysnapshotsafterthe selectedreplaysnapshotaredeletedandcannotberecovered.Rightclickthe replaysnapshoticontousethisoption. RenameThisMarkerRenamestheselectedmarker.Rightclickthemarkericon tousethisoption. DeleteThisMarkerDeletestheselectedmarker.Rightclickthemarkericonto usethisoption. CurrentReplayPositionSliderAllowsyoutopreviewareplay.Youcandragthe slidertothenearestpreviousmarkerorreplaysnapshotandstartreplaying.On Linux,theautoscrollfunctionofthezoomedinportionisenabled.TheCurrent ReplayPositionSliderisaredarrowlocatedintheprogresstimeline. ZoomcontrolControlsthezoominandoutfunctionduringreplay. MinimizeThe()buttonminimizesthedialogboxtothebottomlefthandside ofthestatusbar.Theminimizedmodeallowsyoutoviewtherecordinginthe virtualmachineandusethecontrolsinthestatusbar.Theprogressindicatorinthe statusbarshowsthetimelineoftherecording. NOTEYoucannotclosethereplaycontroldialogbox.
VMware, Inc.
263
Create a Recording
Whilecreatingarecordingyoucannotpauseorreverseit.Formoreinformationabout enablingrecord/replayseeConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachineon page 259. Beforeyoubegin,verifythescreenresolutionsettings.Theexistingscreenresolutionis usedinthevirtualmachinewhilereplayingarecording.Theresolutioncannotbe changedduringreplay. NOTEIfyouhotremoveavirtualdevicefromtheguestbyusingtheWindowsSafely RemoveHardwareoptionwhilecreatingarecording,therecordingterminates unexpectedly. To create a recording 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. TobeginrecordingselectVM>Replay>Record. Arecordingspecificsnapshotistaken,andtherecordingdialogboxindicatesthat recordingisinprogress. IftheRecordcommandisunavailable,thefeaturemightnotbeenabledorthehard diskmightbesettoindependentmode. 3 (Optional)Toaddareplaysnapshotduringrecording,clickAddSnapshotand labelthereplaysnapshotintheAddReplaySnapshotdialogbox. Takingasnapshotpausestheexecutionofthevirtualmachineforafewseconds. Asidefromthereplaysnapshotsyouadd,replaysnapshotsareautomatically addedaccordingtothefrequencyyousetbyusingthevirtualmachinesettings editor. 4 (Optional)Toaddamarkerduringrecording,clickAddMarkerandlabelthe markerintheAddMarkerdialogbox. Addingmarkersdoesnotpausetheexecutionofthevirtualmachine.
264 VMware, Inc.
6 7
Replay a Recording
Ifyouchangefromwindowedmodetofullscreenmodeduringreplay,theautofit featuredoesnotwork. To replay a recording 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. Ifitispoweredonandyoudonotwanttolosethecurrentstateofthevirtual machine,takeasnapshotofit. Forinstructions,seeTakeaSnapshotonpage 209. 3 ToplaythelatestrecordingofthevirtualmachineselectVM>Replay>Replay <name_of_recording>. OnWindows,whilereplayingarecordingyoucanusethecontrolsinthe minimizedreplaycontrol. 4 Toplayanearlierrecording,usethesnapshotmanager,asfollows: a b SelectVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. SelecttherecordingsnapshottoplayandclickReplay. IfyoustoptherecordingbeforeitisfinishedreplayingbyclickingtheGoLive buttonandreplaytherecordingagain,therecordingstartsfromthe beginning,notfromthepointwhereyouclickedGoLive. AsnapshotofarecordingisshowninTable 91,SnapshotManagerIcons, onpage 208. 5 6 Inthedialogboxthatappears,confirmthatyouwanttostartreplayingthe recording. Tosuspendthereplay,clickthePausebuttoninthereplaycontroldialogbox.The buttontogglestoaPlaybuttonsothatyoucanclickitagaintoresumeplayingthe recording.
265
VMware, Inc.
7 8
Browse a Recording
Thelengthofarecordingcanvaryfromafewminutestoseveralhours.Whenthe recordingisseveralhourslong,usethepositionslidertoaccesstherecordingat randomintervals.OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,zoominandoutoftherecordingby usingthezoomcontrols.Usethezoomedinautoscrollfunctiontobrowsethe recording. To browse a recording 1 2 Openarecording. Dragthesliderfromthecurrentpositionintherecordingtoanotherspecific position. Thenewsliderpositionmusthavea16secondintervalfromthepreviousposition. 3 (Optional)Intheconfirmationdialogbox,selectthecheckboxNevershowthis again. Thedialogboxstopsreappearingeverytimeyoubrowsearecording. 4 ClickOK. Thevirtualmachinerevertstothenearestpreviousreplaysnapshotandstarts replayinguntilitreachesthetargetlocation.Duringthereplay,thesliderremains atthesamepoint,andtheremainingplaybacktimeappearsinredabovetheslider. Formoreinformation,seeFigure 121.Whentherecordingreachesthesliders position,therecordingispaused.
266
VMware, Inc.
Towritetracefilestothevmware.log,addthefollowinglinetothepreferences file.
pref.replay.enableTrace = "TRUE"
3 4 5 6 7
VMware, Inc.
267
Delete a Recording
Tofreediskspace,deleterecordingsthatyoudonotneed. To delete a recording 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. IntheSnapshotManagerwindow,selecttherecordingtodelete. RightclickandselectDeleteRecordingandChildren. IfyouselectarecordingandclicktheDeletebutton,theselectedrecordingis removedandthecorrespondingsnapshotsintherecordingremainintact.
268
VMware, Inc.
2 3
Todisableperiodicscreenshots,changethevalueofXto0. Saveandclosetheconfigurationfile.
VMware, Inc.
269
270
VMware, Inc.
13
Configuring Teams
13
Thischapterdescribeswhatvirtualmachineteamsareusedfor,howtocreatethem, andhowtoconfigurethem.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:
BenefitsofUsingTeamsonpage 271 ManagingTeamsonpage 272 SummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachinesonpage 276 ManagingtheMembersofaTeamonpage 276 PowerOperationsforTeamsandTheirMembersonpage 279 WorkingwithTeamNetworksonpage 280 CloningandTakingSnapshotsofTeamVirtualMachinesonpage 283
VMware, Inc.
271
Youcontrolalltrafficallowedbetweenthehostnetworkandteamvirtual machines.
MonitormultiplevirtualmachinesUsethumbnailviewsofthevirtualmachine displaystoreviewactivityonteamvirtualmachinessimultaneously.
Managing Teams
Managingteamsrequirescreating,deleting,opening,closing,andchangingthenames ofteams.
Create a Team
UsetheNewTeamwizardtocreateateamandaddvirtualmachines. Beforecreatingateam,ifyouplantoaddvirtualmachinestotheteamwhile completingtheNewTeamwizard,taketheseactions:
272
VMware, Inc.
To create a team 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>New>Team. IntheNewTeamwizard,supplythefollowinginformation: a Enteranamefortheteamandspecifythelocationofthevirtualteamfiles. Bydefault,theteamfilesarestoredinthesamedirectoryasvirtualmachines. SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 83. b Specifywhethertoaddvirtualmachinestotheteamnoworlater. Ifyouwanttoaddvirtualmachinesnow,youhavethefollowingoptions:
Aftertheteamiscreated,youcanaddittotheFavoriteslist.UsetheTeammenuto configuretheteamfurtherortoaddandremovevirtualmachines.
VMware, Inc.
273
3 4
Rename a Team
Whenyoucreateateam,thenameofthedirectorywheretheteam(.vmtm)fileisstored isbasedonthenameyouoriginallygivetheteam.Althoughyoucanchangethename oftheteam,thenameofthisfiledoesnotchange. To rename a team Dooneofthefollowing:
274
VMware, Inc.
Delete a Team
Beforeyoucandeleteateam,youmustpoweroffallvirtualmachinesthataremembers oftheteam.SeePowerOfforCloseaTeamonpage 274. Whenyoudeleteateam,youcanchoosetodelete:
Onlytheteam(retainingthevirtualmachinesintheteam) Theteamandthevirtualmachinesintheteam
ToremoveateamfromtheWorkstationwindowratherthandeletingit,seeRemovea VirtualMachinefromaTeamonpage 277. CAUTIONDeletingateampermanentlyremovestheteamfilesfromthehostfilesystem andremovesassociatedLANsegmentsfromallvirtualmachines.Deletingtheteams virtualmachinesalongwiththeteamremovesthevirtualmachinefilespermanently. To delete a team 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Delete from Disk. Completethedialogboxthatappears:
VMware, Inc.
275
Summary and Console Views for Teams and Their Virtual Machines
Workstationdisplaysteamsinasummaryvieworconsoleview:
Iftheteamcontainsmanyvirtualmachines,youmightneedtoscrollthethumbnailsto viewallthevirtualmachines.Thethumbnailsaredisplayedinthesameorderasthe teamsstartupsequence.Theleftmostvirtualmachineisthefirstoneinthesequence. Workstationupdatesthumbnailsinrealtimetodisplaytheactualcontentofthevirtual machinescreens.Theactivevirtualmachineistheoneyouselectorswitchtobyusing theTeam>SwitchTomenu.Itappearsinthelowerpaneoftheconsole.Itsthumbnail isrepresentedbytheVMwareicon. Workstationmenusandcommandsdirectlyaffectonlytheactivevirtualmachine,and youcanusethemouseandkeyboardtointeractdirectlywiththeactivevirtual machine. Infullscreenmode,Workstationdisplaysonlytheactivevirtualmachine.SeeUseFull ScreenModeonpage 162.
276
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
277
Youcanperformthesetasksafterremovingthevirtualmachine:
278
VMware, Inc.
Power On a Team
Whenyoupoweronateam,thevirtualmachinesintheteampoweroninthestartup sequencespecifiedintheteamsettingseditor.SeeSpecifytheStartupSequencefora Teamonpage 278. To power on a team Dooneofthefollowing:
Thetimetocompletetheoperationvarieswiththesizeofthevirtualmachines.
VMware, Inc.
279
280
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
281
4 5
Toremoveanadapter,selecttheadapteryouwanttoremoveandclick RemoveAdapter.
ClickOK.
282
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
283
284
VMware, Inc.
14
14
ComponentsoftheVirtualNetworkonpage 285 CommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 286 ExampleofaCustomNetworkingConfigurationonpage 291 ChangingaNetworkingConfigurationonpage 295 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingonpage 297 ChangingtheSubnetorDHCPSettingsforaVirtualNetworkonpage 299 ConfiguringHostVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 301
Virtual Switch
Likeaphysicalswitch,avirtualswitchletsyouconnectothernetworkingcomponents together.VirtualswitchesarecreatedasneededbyWorkstation,uptoatotalof10 virtualswitchesonWindowsand255onLinux.Youcanconnectoneormorevirtual machinestoaswitch.Bydefault,afewofthevirtualswitchesaremappedtospecific networks.
VMware, Inc.
285
TheotheravailablenetworksarenamedVMnet2,VMnet3,VMnet4,andsoon.
DHCP Server
Thedynamichostconfigurationprotocol(DHCP)serverprovidesIPnetwork addressestovirtualmachinesinconfigurationsthatarenotbridgedtoanexternal network.Forexample,hostonlyandNATconfigurationsusetheDHCPserver.
Network Adapter
Avirtualnetworkadapterissetupforyourvirtualmachinewhenyouuseanytypeof networkingtocreateitwiththeNewVirtualMachinewizard.Itappearsintheguest operatingsystemasanAMDPCNETPCIadapterorasanIntelPro/1000MTServer Adapter.OnWindowsVistaandWindows7guests,itisanIntelPro/1000MTServer Adapter. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortocreateandconfigureupto10network adaptersineachWorkstation6.0andhighervirtualmachine.Thelimitisthreeadapters forWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachines.Formoreinformation,seeChanginga NetworkingConfigurationonpage 295.
286
VMware, Inc.
Youcansetupmorespecializedconfigurationsbychoosingtheappropriatesettingsin thevirtualmachinesettingseditor,inthevirtualnetworkeditor(onWindowsand Linuxhosts),andonyourhostcomputer.Onallhosts,thesoftwareneededforall networkingconfigurationsisinstalledwhenyouinstallWorkstation. YoucanconnectmultiplevirtualmachinestothesamevirtualEthernetswitch.Ona Windowshost,youcanconnectanunlimitednumberofvirtualnetworkdevicestoa virtualswitch.OnaLinuxhost,youcanconnectupto32devices. IfyouhavesetyourvirtualnetworksettingsonapreviousversionofWorkstationand upgradetoanewversion,yourpreviousnetworksettingsmightbefullyorpartially preserved.Formoreinformation,seePreparingforanUpgradeonpage 47.
Bridged Networking
Bridgednetworkingconnectsavirtualmachinetoanetworkbyusingthehost computersnetworkadapter.Ifyourhostcomputerisonanetwork,thisisoftenthe easiestwaytogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothatnetwork.Thevirtualnetwork adapterinthevirtualmachineconnectstothephysicalnetworkadapterinyourhost computer,allowingittoconnecttotheLANthehostcomputeruses. Bridgednetworkingconfiguresyourvirtualmachineasauniqueidentityonthe network,separatefromandunrelatedtoitshost.Itmakesthevirtualmachinevisible toothercomputersonthenetwork,andtheycancommunicatedirectlywiththevirtual machine.Bridgednetworkingworkswithbothwiredandwirelessphysicalhost networkcards. Figure 14-1. Bridged Networking Setup
virtual network adapter
virtual machine
VMware, Inc.
287
Foranewvirtualmachine,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine>Custom (advanced)andselectUsebridgednetworkingintheNewVirtualMachine wizard. Foranexistingvirtualmachine,chooseVM>Settings. a b c OntheHardwaretabselectNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkconnectionsectionselectBridged:Connecteddirectlytothe physicalnetwork. (Optional)SelectReplicatephysicalnetworkconnectionstateifyouusethe virtualmachineonalaptoporothermobiledevice. Asyoumovefromonewiredorwirelessnetworktoanother,theIPaddressis automaticallyrenewed.
288
VMware, Inc.
virtual machine
DHCP server
NAT device
network
IfyouselectNAT,thevirtualmachinecanusemanystandardTCP/IPprotocolsto connecttoothermachinesontheexternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanuseHTTPto browseWebsites,FTPtotransferfiles,andTelnettologontoothercomputers. NAT alsoletsyoutoconnecttoaTCP/IPnetworkbyusingaTokenRingadapteronthe hostcomputer. Inthedefaultconfiguration,computersontheexternalnetworkcannotinitiate connectionstothevirtualmachine.Thatmeans,forexample,thatthedefault configurationdoesnotletyouusethevirtualmachineasaWebservertosendWeb pagestocomputersontheexternalnetwork.Thisconfigurationprotectstheguest operatingsystemfrombeingcompromisedbeforeyouhaveachancetoinstallsecurity software.FormoreinformationonNAT,seeUsingNATonpage 316.
VMware, Inc.
289
Setting Up NAT
Bydefault,NATisusedwhenyouusetheTypicalsetuptocreateavirtualmachinein theNewVirtualMachinewizard.
Host-Only Networking
Hostonlynetworkingcreatesanetworkthatiscompletelycontainedwithinthehost computer.Hostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthevirtual machineandthehostcomputer,usingavirtualnetworkadapterthatisvisibletothe hostoperatingsystem.Thisapproachcanbeusefulifyouneedtosetupanisolated virtualnetwork.Inthisconfiguration,thevirtualmachinecannotconnecttothe Internet.Formoreinformationonhostonlynetworking,seeSelectingIPAddresses onaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationonpage 304. Figure 14-3. Host-Only Networking Setup
virtual network adapter
virtual machine
DHCP server
290
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
291
Beforeyouattempttosetupcomplexvirtualnetworks,youneedagoodunderstanding ofhowtoconfigurenetworkdevicesinyourhostandguestoperatingsystems. Figure 144showsmostofthewaysyoucancombinedevicesonavirtualnetwork.In thisexample,aWebserverconnectsthroughafirewalltoanexternalnetwork.An administratorscomputerconnectstotheWebserverthroughasecondfirewall. Figure 14-4. Custom Configuration with Two Firewalls
host network adapter virtual bridge virtual network adapter virtual network switch virtual (VMnet0) network adapter virtual network adapter
292
VMware, Inc.
To set up a custom networking configuration 1 SetupfourvirtualmachinesusingtheNewVirtualMachinewizard: a b c ChooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. Createthefirstvirtualmachinewithbridgednetworkingsothatitcanconnect toanexternalnetworkbyusingthehostcomputersnetworkadapter. Createtheotherthreevirtualmachineswithoutnetworking. Settingupvirtualnetworkadaptersandinstallationoftheoperatingsystems areperformedinStep 7. 2 Configurenetworksettingsforthefirstvirtualmachine: a b Openthefirstvirtualmachine,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddasecondvirtualnetwork adapter. SeeChangingaNetworkingConfigurationonpage 295. c 3 ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet2).
VMware, Inc.
293
DeterminethenetworkaddressesusedforVMnet2andVMnet3:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrunthefollowing command:
ipconfig /all
Notethenetworkaddressesthateachvirtualadapteruses.
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrunthefollowingcommand:
ifconfig
Notethenetworkaddressesthateachvirtualswitchuses. 7 8 Poweroneachvirtualmachineinturnandinstalltheappropriateguestoperating system. OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,toconfigurenetworkaddressesusingtheDHCP server,dothefollowing: a ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. OnLinux,chooseApplications>SystemTools>VirtualNetworkEditor,or theequivalentmenupathforyourversionofLinux. b SelectVMnet2andchecktheUselocalDHCPservicetodistributeIPaddress toVMsoption. Formoreinformationonchangingsubnets,seeChangeSubnetorDHCP SettingsonaWindowsHostonpage 300andChangeSubnetorDHCP SettingsonaLinuxHostonpage 300. 9 Configurethenetworkingineachguestoperatingsystem:
10
Installthenecessaryapplicationsoftwareineachvirtualmachine.
294
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
295
ClickFinish. Thenewadapterisadded.
ClickOKtosaveyourconfiguration.
296
VMware, Inc.
Add or Remove a Host Network Adapter from the List of Included Adapters
Onhostsystemswithmultiplephysicalnetworkadapters,thechoiceofwhichadapter Workstationusesisarbitrary.Therefore,youcanplaceorremoverestrictionsona networkadapterofyourchoice. To add or remove a host network adapter from the list of included adapters 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ClickAutomaticSettings. IntheIncludeadapterssection,dooneofthefollowing:
Toremoveanadapter,deselecttheadapter. Toaddanadapter,selecttheadapter.
ClickOK.
VMware, Inc.
297
Fromthedesktop, Openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware-netcfg
2 3
298
VMware, Inc.
4 5
Selectthevmnet0rowinthetableandselectBridged. Dooneofthefollowing:
Tospecifyonehostnetworkadapter,usetheBridgetolistbox.
ClickSave.
VMware, Inc.
299
Whenprompted,entertheadministratorpassword.
300
VMware, Inc.
4 5 6
TypethesubnetIPyouwanttouseintheSubnetIPtextbox.
ClickSave.
VMware, Inc.
301
302
VMware, Inc.
15
15
SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationon page 304 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetworkonpage 306 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachineonpage 308 ControllingRoutingInformationforaHostOnlyNetworkonLinuxonpage 310 PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonLinuxonpage 311 ConfiguringHostOnlyVirtualMachinesonpage 312 SetUpRoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworksonpage 314 UsingVirtualNetworkAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHoston page 316 UsingNATonpage 316 AdvancedNATConfigurationonpage 319 UsingSambawithWorkstationonpage 328
VMware, Inc.
303
304
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
305
306
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
307
Disableforwardingbywritinga0(zero)tothespecialfile /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward.Asroot(su-),enterthefollowingcommand:
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
However,WorkstationcannotguaranteetoautomaticallyassignuniqueMAC addressesforvirtualmachinesthatrunonmultiplehostsystems.
To assign the same MAC address to any virtual machine manually 1 Useatexteditortoremovefromtheconfiguration(.vmx)filethethreelinesthat beginwiththefollowing:
ethernet[n].generatedAddress ethernet[n].addressType ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset
VMware, Inc.
309
AddthefollowinglinetotheconfigurationfileabovetheUUIDlinesinthefile:
ethernet[n].address = 00:50:56:XX:YY:ZZ
310
VMware, Inc.
DHCPD on the Linux Host Does Not Work After Installing Workstation
IfyouwererunningtheDHCPserverdhcpdutilityonyourmachinebeforeyou installedWorkstation,itprobablywasconfiguredtorespondtoDHCPrequestsfrom clientsonanynetworkinterfacepresentonthemachine.Whenhostonlynetworking isconfigured,anadditionalnetworkinterface,vmnet1,ismarkedupandavailablefor use,anddhcpdmightnoticethis. Insuchcases,somedhcpdimplementationsabortiftheirconfigurationfilesdonot includeasubnetspecificationfortheinterface.Thiscanhappenevenifdhcpdisnot supposedtorespondtomessagesthatarrivethroughtheinterface. Thebestsolutionistoaddalinetothedhcpdconfigurationfileinthefollowingformat:
subnet <net>.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {}
VMware, Inc.
311
Configuration1Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualnetwork adapter,andthatvirtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface (VMnet1).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration1or2on page 312. Configuration2Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualnetwork adapter,andthatvirtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonly interface(VMnet2).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration1 or2onpage 312. Configuration3Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithtwovirtualnetwork adapters.Onevirtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface (VMnet1)andtheothervirtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonly interface(VMnet2).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration3 onpage 313.
312
VMware, Inc.
IntheNetworkConnectionsection,dooneofthefollowing:
VMware, Inc.
313
(Optional)ToseetheIPaddressthatahostonlynetworkisusing:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrunthefollowing command:
ipconfig /all
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrunthefollowingcommand:
ifconfig
Theroutersoftwarerunsonthehostcomputer. Theroutersoftwarerunsonitsownvirtualmachine.
Theexamplesdescribedhereoutlinethesimplestcase,withonevirtualmachineon eachofthehostonlynetworks.Formorecomplexconfigurations,youcanaddmore virtualmachinesandhostonlynetworks,asappropriate. To set up routing between two host-only networks 1 2 3 Setuptheconnectiontothefirst(default)hostonlyinterface,asdescribedinSet UpUsingConfiguration1or2onpage 312. Setuptheconnectiontothesecond(VMnet2)hostonlyinterface,asdescribedin SetUpUsingConfiguration1or2onpage 312. (Optional)Toruntheroutersoftwareonavirtualmachine,setupathirdvirtual machinewithconnectionstothetwohostonlyinterfaces,asdescribedinSetUp UsingConfiguration3onpage 313. Toruntheroutersoftwareonyourhostcomputer,skipthisstep. 4 StoptheVMnetDHCPserverservice:
Installguestoperatingsystemsineachofthevirtualmachines.
314
VMware, Inc.
6 7
AssignIPaddressesbydoingoneofthefollowing:
VMware, Inc.
315
Using NAT
NATprovidesawayforvirtualmachinestousemostclientapplicationsoveralmost anytypeofnetworkconnectionavailabletothehost.Theonlyrequirementisthatthe networkconnectionmustsupportTCP/IP. NATisusefulwhenyouhavealimitedsupplyofIPaddressesorareconnectedtothe networkthroughanonEthernetnetworkadapter.NATworksbytranslatingaddresses ofvirtualmachinesinaprivateVMnetnetworktotheaddressofthehostmachine. Whenavirtualmachinesendsarequesttoaccessanetworkresource,itappearstothe networkresourceasiftherequestiscomingfromthehostmachine.
316
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
317
318
VMware, Inc.
3 4
VMware, Inc.
319
320
VMware, Inc.
Table 15-4. Parameters to Map Virtual Machine Source and Destination Ports
Parameter autodetect = <n> Description TheautodetectsettingdetermineswhethertheVMwareNATdevice automaticallyattemptstomapvirtualmachinesourceportsbelow 1024toNATsourceportsbelow1024.Asettingof1meanstrue.A settingof0meansfalse.OnaWindowshost,thedefaultis1(true). OnaLinuxhost,thedefaultis0(false). Theportsettingspecifiesadestinationport(where<n>istheporton theserverthatacceptstheconnectionfromtheclient).Whenevera virtualmachineconnectstothespecifiedportonanyserver,theNAT deviceattemptstomaketheconnectionfromasourceportbelow 1024.Youcanincludeoneormoreportsettingsinthe [privilegedUDP]or[privilegedTCP]sectionorinbothsections, asrequiredfortheconnectionsyouneedtomake.Entereachport settingonaseparateline.
port = <n>
OnaWindowshost:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf
Ifyoueditthisfileandthenusethevirtualnetworkeditor(Edit>VirtualNetwork Editor)youreditsmightbelost.
OnaLinuxhost:
/etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf
VMware, Inc.
321
ipTheIPaddressthattheNATdeviceshoulduse.Itcanbefollowedbyaslash andthenumberofbitsinthesubnet. netmaskThesubnetmasktousefortheNATnetwork.DHCPaddressesare allocatedfromthisrangeofaddresses. configportAportthatcanbeusedtoaccessstatusinformationabouttheNAT device. deviceTheVMnetdevicetouse.Windowsdevicesareoftheformvmnet<x> where<x>isthenumberoftheVMnet.Linuxdevicesareoftheform /dev/vmnet<x>. activeFTPFlagtoindicateifactiveFTPistobeallowed.ActiveFTPallows incomingconnectionstobeopenedbytheremoteFTPserver.Turningthisoff meansthatonlypassivemodeFTPworks.Setthisflagto0toturnitoff.
policyPolicytouseforDNSforwarding.Acceptedvaluesinclude:
322
VMware, Inc.
Thisexamplecreatesamapfromport8887onthehosttotheIPaddress192.168.27.128 andport21.Whenthismapissetandanexternalmachineconnectstothehostatport 8887,thenetworkpacketsareforwardedtoport21(thestandardportforFTP)onthe virtualmachinewithIPaddress192.168.27.128. The [incomingudp] Section Usethe[incomingudp]sectiontoconfigureUDPportforwardingforNAT.Inthis section,youcanassignaportnumbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtual machine. Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection.Itillustratesawaytoforward Xservertrafficfromthehostport6000tothevirtualmachinesport6001:
6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
VMware, Inc.
323
324
VMware, Inc.
IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand chooseProperties.
3 4 5 6
VMware, Inc.
325
IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand chooseProperties.
3 4 5 6
7 8
RepeatStep 5andStep 6foreachWINSservertowhichyouwanttoconnectfrom thisvirtualmachine. ClickOKtwiceandclickClose. NowthatthevirtualmachinehasanIPaddressforaWINSserver,youcanuse NetLogoninthevirtualmachinetologintoadomainandaccesssharesinthat domain.However,youraccessislimitedtosharesofvirtualmachinesthatareon thesameNATnetworkorarebridgedonthesamedomain. Forexample,iftheWINSservercoversadomainwithadomaincontroller,youcan accessthatdomaincontrollerfromthevirtualmachineandaddthevirtual machinetothedomain.YouneedtoknowtheAdministratoruserIDand passwordforthedomaincontroller.
326
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
327
#nameserver2 = 63.93.12.3 #nameserver3 = 208.23.14.4 [netbios] # This section applies only to Windows. # Timeout for NBNS queries. nbnsTimeout = 2 # Number of retries for each NBNS query. nbnsRetries = 3 # Timeout for NBDS queries. nbdsTimeout = 3 [incomingtcp] # Use these with care - anyone can enter into your virtual machine through # these... # FTP (both active and passive FTP is always enabled) # ftp localhost 8887 #8887 = 192.168.27.128:21 # WEB (make sure that if you are using named webhosting, names point to # your host, not to guest... And if you are forwarding port other # than 80 make sure that your server copes with mismatched port # number in Host: header) # lynx http://localhost:8888 #8888 = 192.168.27.128:80 # SSH # ssh -p 8889 root@localhost #8889 = 192.168.27.128:22 [incomingudp] # UDP port forwarding example #6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
328
VMware, Inc.
RuntheSambapasswordcommand:
smbpasswd -a <username>
VMware, Inc.
329
Addthefollowinglinetotheconfigurationfileandsavethechanges.
interfaces = vmnet*
RestartSamba.
330
VMware, Inc.
16
Connecting Devices
16
Thischapterdescribeshowtousevariousdeviceswithavirtualmachine. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:
UsingParallelPortsonpage 331 UsingSerialPortsonpage 335 ConfiguringKeyboardFeaturesonpage 339 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 351 UseSmartCardswithVirtualMachinesonpage 358 SupportforGenericSCSIDevicesonpage 361 UseFourWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 366
VMware, Inc.
331
7 8 9
332
VMware, Inc.
To troubleshoot ECR errors for parallel ports 1 2 3 Rebootthehost. Earlyinthebootprocess,pressandholddowntheDeletekeytoenterthehost computersBIOSconfigurationeditor. FindtheparallelportfieldandenableExtendedCapabilityPort(ECP)modeora combinationofmodesthatincludesECP. MostmoderncomputerssupportECPmode.
Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthefollowingcommandasroottoremoveit:
rmmod lp
Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thefollowinglinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
Thenexttimetheuserlogsontothehost,thechangestakeeffect.
334
VMware, Inc.
PhysicalserialportEnablesyoutouseadevicesuchasanexternalmodemor handhelddeviceinavirtualmachine.Workstationcreatesavirtualserialport automaticallywhenyouenablethevirtualprinterfeature. OutputfileonthehostCapturesthedatathataprogramrunninginthevirtual machinesendstothevirtualserialport. AnapplicationonthehostEnablesyoutouseanapplicationonthehostto capturedebugginginformationsentfromthevirtualmachinesserialport. AnothervirtualmachineEnablesyoutouseanapplicationinonevirtual machine(theclient)tocapturedebugginginformationsentfromtheother (the server)virtualmachinesserialport.
VMware, Inc.
335
3 4 5 6
IfyouselectedOutputtoNamedPipe,dooneofthefollowing:
ForaLinuxhost,inthePathfield,enter/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX socketname.
AlsoifyouselectedOutputtoNamedPipe,dooneofthefollowing:
MakesuretheConnectatpoweroncheckboxisselectedifdesired.
10 ClickFinish.
336
VMware, Inc.
11
<n>isthenumberoftheserialport,startingfrom0.Thefirstserialportisserial0. The<x>valueisapositiveintegerthatspecifiesthetimetakentotransmita character,expressedasapercentageofthedefaultspeedsetfortheserialportin theguest.Forexample,asettingof200forcestheporttotaketwiceaslongforeach character,orsenddataathalfthedefaultspeed.Asettingof50forcestheportto takeonlyhalfaslongforeachcharacter,orsenddataattwicethedefaultspeed. Assumingthattheserialportspeedissetappropriatelyintheguestoperating system,experimentwiththissetting.Startwithavalueof100andgradually decreaseituntilyoufindthehighestspeedatwhichyourconnectionworks reliably.
VMware, Inc.
337
PressEntertostartdebugging.
338
VMware, Inc.
Beforeyoubegin,downloadandinstallWinDbgorKDintheWindowsguestthatyou plantouseasthedebuggervirtualmachine. To debug an application from another virtual machine 1 2 3 PreparethevirtualmachinesasdescribedinAddaVirtualSerialPorttoaVirtual Machineonpage 335. Poweronbothvirtualmachines. UsetheVM>RemovableDevicesmenutomakesuretheserialportisconnected. Iftheserialportisnotconnected,choosethevirtualserialportandclickConnect. 4 Inthedebuggervirtualmachine,startdebuggingwithWinDbgorKD.
VMware, Inc.
339
Thedefaultsettingsforhotkeysarelistedinthepreferenceseditor(chooseEdit> Preferences>HotKeys).Usethepreferenceseditortochangethem.
340
VMware, Inc.
Ifthekeymapfileyouwanttouseisinanotherlocation,determinethepathtothefile. Alsodeterminethelanguagecode.Usethefollowinglist:
de:German de-ch:German(Switzerland) es:Spanish fi:Finnish fr:French fr-be:French(Belgium) fr-ch:French(Switzerland) is:Icelandic it:Italian jp:Japanese nl-be:Dutch(Belgium) no:Norwegian pt:Polish uk:UKEnglish us:USEnglish
VMware, Inc.
341
To specify a language keyboard map for VNC clients 1 Useatexteditortoopentheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthevirtualmachine andaddthefollowinglines,where<port number>istheportnumbertouse:
Addoneofthefollowingpropertiestotheconfigurationfile,where<xx>isthe codeforthelanguagetouse,suchasjpforJapanese:
TousethedefaultkeymapfileincludedintheWorkstationinstallation directory,setthefollowingproperty:
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap = "<xx>"
Touseakeyboardmapfileinanotherlocation,setthefollowingpropertyto anabsolutefilepath:
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMapFile
342
VMware, Inc.
IfyouuseanXFree86basedserverthatWorkstationdoesnotrecognizeasan XFree86server,usethefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = "TRUE"
ThispropertytellsWorkstationtoalwaysusekeycodemappingregardlessof servertype.
IfWorkstationdoesrecognizetheremoteserverasanXFree86server,usethe followingproperty:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMapIfXFree86 = "TRUE"
VerifythattheXserverisanXFree86serverrunningonaPC.IftheXserveris remote,configureittousekeycodemapping.SeeConfigureKeyboardMapping foraRemoteXServeronpage 342.Foradescriptionofkeycodemapping,seeX KeyCodesComparedtoKeysymsonpage 344. DeterminetheXkeycodeandthecorrespondingvscancodeforthekey.Tofind theXkeycodeforakey,runxevorxmodmap -pk.Mostvscancodesarelistedin VScanCodeTableonpage 347.
VMware, Inc.
343
Saveandclosethefile.
344
VMware, Inc.
Ifnoneofthemappingtablesiscompletelycorrect,findonethatworksbest,copy ittoanewlocation,andchangetheindividualkeysymmappings.
VMware, Inc.
345
WorkstationdetermineswhichtabletousebyexaminingthecurrentXkeymap. However,itsdecisionmakingprocesscansometimesfail.Inaddition,eachmappingis fixedandmightnotbecompletelycorrectforanygivenkeyboardandXkey codetokeysymmapping.Forexample,ausermighthaveswappedCtrlandCaps Lockusingxmodmap.Thismeansthekeysareswappedinthevirtualmachinewhen usingaremoteserver(keysymmapping)butareunswappedwhenusingalocalserver (keycodemapping).Tocorrectthissituation,useconfigurationsettings. To configure how keysyms are mapped 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Onthemachinethathoststhevirtualmachine,addoneormoreofthefollowing linestothevirtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config:
TodisableXkeycodemappingtomapkeysymsratherthankeycodesto vscancodes,setthefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.nokeycodeMap = "TRUE"
Formoreinformation,seeXKeyCodesComparedtoKeysymsonpage 344.
IfWorkstationhasatableinthexkeymapdirectoryforyourkeyboardbut cannotdetectit,setthefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.language = "<keyboard_type>"
Touseadifferentkeysymmappingtablethatisnotinthexkeymapdirectory, setthefollowingproperty,where<file_path>isthepathtothetable:
xkeymap.fileName = "<file_path>"
Thetablemustlistakeysymforeachkeybyusingthefollowingform:
<sym> = "<v-scan_code>"
346
VMware, Inc.
Tochangethekeysymmappingofafewkeys,setthefollowingpropertyfor eachkey,onseparatelines:
xkeymap.keysym.<sym> = "<v-scan_code>"
VMware, Inc.
347
Table 16-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol T Y U I O P [ ] Enter Ctrl A S D F G H J K L ; ` Shift \ Z X C V B | left left { } Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x014 0x015 0x016 0x017 0x018 0x019 0x01a 0x01b 0x01c 0x01d 0x01e 0x01f 0x020 0x021 0x022 0x023 0x024 0x025 0x026 0x027 0x028 0x029 0x02a 0x02b 0x02c 0x02d 0x02e 0x02f 0x030
348
VMware, Inc.
Table 16-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol N M , . / Shift * Alt Spacebar CapsLock F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 NumLock ScrollLock Home Uparrow PgUp Leftarrow 5 Rightarrow 6 4 7 8 9 numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad < > ? right numericpad left Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x031 0x032 0x033 0x034 0x035 0x036 0x037 0x038 0x039 0x03a 0x03b 0x03c 0x03d 0x03e 0x03f 0x040 0x041 0x042 0x043 0x044 0x045 0x046 0x047 0x048 0x049 0x04a 0x04b 0x04c 0x04d
VMware, Inc.
349
Table 16-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol + End Downarrow PgDn Ins Del F11 F12 Break Enter Ctrl / SysRq Alt Home Uparrow PageUp Leftarrow Rightarrow End Downarrow PageDown Insert Delete Windows Windows Menu PrintScrn right functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad left right Pause numericpad right numericpad 1 2 3 0 Shifted Symbol Location numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad V-Scan Code 0x04e 0x04f 0x050 0x051 0x052 0x053 0x057 0x058 0x100 0x11c 0x11d 0x135 0x137 0x138 0x147 0x148 0x149 0x14b 0x14d 0x14f 0x150 0x151 0x152 0x153 0x15b 0x15c 0x15d
350
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
351
IfyoudonotplantouseUSBdevicesinavirtualmachine,youcanusethevirtual machinesettingseditortodisableUSB2.0support. To enable the USB 2.0 Controller for a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectUSBController. SelecttheEnablehighspeedsupportforUSB2.0devicescheckboxandclick OK.
352
VMware, Inc.
3 4 5 6 7
YoucannowstartthevirtualmachineandautomaticallyormanuallyconnectUSB devicesandsmartcardreaders.
VMware, Inc.
353
3 4
354
VMware, Inc.
To connect a USB device manually 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. ChooseVM>RemovableDevices><device_name>. Here<device_name>specifiestheUSBdevicethatispluggedintothehost. A checkmarkappearsnexttothedevicesname,indicatingthatitisconnected. IfthephysicalUSBdevicesareconnectedtothehostthroughahub,thevirtual machineseesonlytheUSBdevices,notthehub.
VMware, Inc.
355
ConnecttheUSBdevicetothehostandbeginusingit.
356
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
357
Virtualmode(Recommended)Thesmartcardreaderdeviceisavailableas Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>underRemovableDevices.Afterthe virtualreaderisconnectedtothevirtualmachine,itisvisibleasUSBSmartCard ReaderonWindowsXPguests.OnWindowsVistaandWindows7gueststhe genericsmartcardreaderdevicenameappearsundertheWindowsDevice Managerlist.Invirtualmode,thesmartcardreadercanbesharedamong applicationsonthehostandamongapplicationswithindifferentguestsonthe host. USBpassthroughmodeThesmartcardreaderdeviceisavailableas <smart_card_reader_model>underRemovableDevices.InUSBpassthrough mode,asinglevirtualmachinedirectlycontrolsthephysicalsmartcardreader.A USBpassthroughsmartcardreadercannotbeusedbyapplicationsonthehostor byapplicationswithinothervirtualmachines.YoushoulduseUSBpassthrough modeonlyifconnectioninvirtualmodedoesnotworkwellforyourscenario.If youareusingtheUSBpassthroughmodeyoumayneedtoinstallthedriver providedbythemanufacturer.
358
VMware, Inc.
OnWindowshosts,starttheservicecalledSCardSvr.exeifitisnotalready running. OnLinuxhosts,makesurethelibpcsclitelibraryisinstalled.MostrecentLinux distributionsincludethislibrary.Alsomakesurethepcscddaemonisrunning. MakesurethevirtualmachinehasaUSBcontroller. AUSBcontrollerisrequiredregardlessofwhetherthesmartcardreaderitselfisa USBdevice.Bydefault,USBcontrollersareincludedwhenyoucreateavirtual machine.IfyouremovedtheUSBcontroller,youmustadditback.SeeAddaUSB ControllertoaVirtualMachineonpage 352.
To use smart cards with virtual machines 1 2 3 Connectthesmartcardreadertothehostmachine. Startthevirtualmachine. Toconnectthesmartcardreadertoavirtualmachine,chooseVM>Removable Devices>Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>>Connect. IfthesmartcardreaderisaUSBsmartcardreader,twoitemsappearforitinthe RemovableDevicesmenu.Bothitemsusethemodelnameofthereader,butone itemnamebeginswithVirtual. OnLinuxhosts,ifyouselectthewrongitemandthenwanttoselecttheVirtual smartcarditem,seeSwitchtoUsingtheVirtualSmartCardReaderonLinux Hostsonpage 360. 4 Todisconnectthesmartcardreaderfromthevirtualmachine,chooseVM> RemovableDevices>Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>>Disconnect.
VMware, Inc.
359
360
VMware, Inc.
OnmostWindowshosts:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts:
C:\ProgramData\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnLinuxhosts:
/etc/vmware/config
3 4
Saveandclosethefile. Setpermissionsonthisfilesothatotheruserscannotchangeit.
362
VMware, Inc.
To add a generic SCSI device to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectGenericSCSIDeviceandclickNext.
VMware, Inc.
363
6 7
364
VMware, Inc.
ThemainreasonsWorkstationcannotdetectadeviceincludethefollowing:
To troubleshoot problems detecting generic SCSI devices 1 2 Findoutwhetherthedevicedriverforthisdeviceisinstalledonthehost. Ifthedevicedriverisnotinstalledandyouwanttoinstallit,dosoandseeifthe deviceappearscorrectlyinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor. Youmightnotwanttoinstallthedriveronthehostifyouwanttoavoida deviceinuseconflictbetweenthehostandguest. Ifadriverisinstalledbutdoesnotappearcorrectly,ifyoucannotinstallthedriver onthehost,orifyoudonotwanttoinstallthedriveronthehost,continuewiththe restofthisprocedure. 3 IfanoriginalSCSIdevicedriverisalreadyinstalledonthehost,disableit. SomeWindowsoperatingsystemsdonotprocessthesendcommandfromthe adapterifthedevicedriverownsthedevice. 4 5 Poweroffthevirtualmachineandopenthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx) fileinatexteditor. Addorchangethefollowinglineinthe.vmxfile,whereX istheSCSIbusnumber thedeviceusesonthehostsystem,andYisthetargetIDthedeviceusesbothin thevirtualmachineandonthehost:
scsiZ:Y.fileName = "<deviceName>"
For"<deviceName>"use:
"scsiX:Y"
Thefollowingisanexampleofhowtosettheoption.Theproblematicdeviceisa CDROMdrive,andtheexistingentryintheconfigurationfileis:
scsi0:4.fileName = "CdRom0"
VMware, Inc.
365
Ifthedeviceonthehostislocatedonbus2withtargetID4,changethislineto:
scsi0:4.fileName = "scsi2:4"
Ifthevirtualmachinesettingseditorstilldoesnotincludethisdeviceinthelistof availableSCSIdevicesforthisvirtualmachine,contactVMwaretechnicalsupport.
366
VMware, Inc.
Use a Virtual Machine That Originally Had More Than Four Virtual Processors
YoucanuseWorkstation7.0,runningonamultiprocessorhostmachine,toopena virtualmachinecreatedinESXServerthathasoneormorevirtualprocessors.You cannotuseWorkstation,however,topoweronavirtualmachinethathasmorethan fourvirtualprocessorsassigned,evenifmoreprocessorswereassignedwhenthe virtualmachinewascreatedinESXServer. Youcanseethenumberofprocessorsinthevirtualmachinessummaryvieworby usingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.Touseavirtualmachinethathasmorethan fourvirtualprocessorsassigned,youmustchangethenumberofprocessorsbefore poweringiton. To use a virtual machine that originally had more than four virtual processors 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectProcessors,andnotethatNumberofProcessorsisset toOther(x),wherexisthenumberofprocessorsoriginallyassignedinESXServer. Workstationpreservesthisoriginalconfigurationsettingforthenumberof processors,eventhoughtwoisthemaximumnumberofprocessorssupported. Afteryoucommitachangetothissetting,theoriginalsettingforthenumberof processorsisdiscardedandnolongerappearsasanoptioninthevirtualmachine settingseditor. 5 ChangetheNumberofprocessorssettingtoOne,Two,orFourandclickOK.
VMware, Inc.
367
368
VMware, Inc.
17
17
VMware, Inc.
369
4 5
5 6 7
3 4
VMware, Inc.
371
OnmostWindowshosts:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnmostWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts:
c:\ProgramData\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
To specify global configuration settings for full screen switch mode 1 2 Iftheconfig.inifiledoesnotyetexistonyourhostcomputer,chooseEdit> Preferencesandchangeatleastoneofthesettingsinthepreferenceeditor. Opentheconfig.inifilewithatexteditorandaddatleastoneofthefollowing lines:
372
VMware, Inc.
4 5 6
OnmostWindowshosts,thisfileislocatedin:
%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\VMware\preferences.ini
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts,thisfileislocatedin:
%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\VMware\preferences.ini
VMware, Inc.
373
Keepthefollowinglimitationsinmindwhendefiningcyclekeysandswitchkeys:
374
VMware, Inc.
Hot Key for Cycling Through Virtual Machines and the Host Computer
Youcanspecifyahotkeyorhotkeycombinationforcyclingthroughtheavailable virtualmachinesonahostcomputerwhenrunningWorkstationinfullscreenswitch mode.Hotkeysbehaveinthefollowingmanner:
Thehotkeyforcyclingthroughvirtualmachinesisdefinedintheglobalconfiguration file(config.ini).Twooptionscontrolcycling:
Hot Keys for Switching Directly to Virtual Machines and the Host Computer
Youcanspecifyahotkeyorcombinationofhotkeysforswitchingdirectlytoany availablevirtualmachineonahostcomputerwhenrunningWorkstationinfullscreen switchmode.Eachtimeyoupressthespecifiedhotkey,thescreendisplayswitchesto thatofthespecifiedvirtualmachine.Youcanalsospecifyahotkeyforswitching directlytothehostoperatingsystem.
VMware, Inc.
375
Ifanyparticularvirtualmachineisnotrunning,pressingthehotkeyforthatvirtual machinehasnoeffect.
376
VMware, Inc.
Isolation.tools.paste.disable
TRUE
Isolation.tools.HGFS.disable
TRUE
mks.CtlAltDel.ignore
mks.fullscreen.allScreenSaver
msg.autoAnswer
VMware, Inc.
377
Issuethevmware-fullscreencommandonceforeachvirtualmachineyouwantto startorstop.Thesyntaxforthiscommandis:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware-fullscreen.exe [-poweron <parameters> | -poweroff <parameters> | -exit | -switchto <paramters> | -query | -listvms]
YoucantypethesecommandsattheWindowscommandpromptorcreatescriptsto runmultiplecommands. Table 173describestheavailableoptionsandparameters. Table 17-3. Command-Line Options for the vmware-fullscreen Program
Option -poweron or -fullscreen Parameters "<config-file>" Description Powersonthevirtualmachine,where"<config-file>" isrequiredandspecifiesthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. With-poweron,theuserseesnoimmediateindication whenthevirtualmachinestarts,buttheusercanswitchto thevirtualmachinewithitsdirectswitchkeyorwiththe cyclekey. With-fullscreen,thevirtualmachinegoestofullscreen modeimmediatelyinsteadofrunninginvisiblyuntilthe userswitchestoitlater. -s <variable>=<value> (Optional)Setsthespecifiedvariabletothespecified value.Anyvariablenamesandvaluesthatarevalidinthe configurationfilecanbespecifiedonthecommandline withthe-sswitch. (Optional)Givesanaliastothevirtualmachine.Youcan theusethataliasin-switchtoand-poweroff commands. (Optional)Specifiesthevirtualmachinesdirectswitch key.Ifadirectswitchkeyisspecifiedinthevirtual machinesconfigurationfile,thecommandlineoverrides theconfigurationfile.Thefollowingisanexampleofthis switch: directkey=0x70,0x6 -poweroff "<config-file>" or <alias> -exit Powersoffthespecifiedvirtualmachine.Tospecifythe virtualmachine,useeitherthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileorthealiasifyou definedonebyusingthe-nameswitch. PowersoffallvirtualmachinesandexitsWorkstation.
-name=<alias>
-directkey=<keyspec>
378
VMware, Inc.
-listvms
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Temp\
Theadministratorcanspecifyadifferentlocationforthislogfilebyaddingthe followinglinetotheWorkstationglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini):
fullScreenSwitch.log.filename="<path>"
VMware, Inc.
379
Theguestoperatingsystemisnotfullypowereddown.Youcanawakenthevirtual machineinthefollowingways:
Thisfeaturecanbeusefulfortestanddevelopmentscenarios.
380
VMware, Inc.
18
18
BenefitsofUsingVMwareACEonpage 381 NetworkandDiskSpaceRequirementsfortheAdministrativeWorkstationon page 384 OverviewofCreatingandDeployingACEPackagesonpage 385 OverviewoftheACEUserInterfaceonpage 386 TroubleshootingUsersProblemsonpage 387
VMware, Inc.
381
Manageability
Security
Rulesbasednetworkaccessletsyouidentifyandquarantineunauthorizedor outofdateACEinstances.EnableaccesstothenetworkoncetheACEinstance complieswithITpolicies. TamperresistantcomputingenvironmentprotectstheentireACEinstanceand package,includingdataandsystemconfiguration,withseamlessencryption. Copyprotectedcomputingenvironmentpreventsusersfromcopyingenterprise information. RolesbasedSSLcommunicationprovidesasecureprotocolbetweentheACE ManagementServerandclient. ResourcesigningletsyouspecifythatACEResourcefilesbeprotectedfromall tampering.
382
VMware, Inc.
Usability
ACEenabledvirtualmachineAvirtualmachinetemplatethattheACE administratorcreates.TheACEenabledvirtualmachinecanbeconfiguredwith variouspolicies,devices,anddeploymentsettingsandthenusedasthebasisfor creatinganynumberofpackagestobesenttoACEusers. ACEinstanceThevirtualmachinethatACEadministratorscreate,associatewith policies,andactivateonenduserscomputers.AnACEinstancethatismanaged byACEManagementServerisamanagedACEinstance.AnACEinstancethatis notmanagedbyACEManagementServerisastandaloneACEinstance. (Optional)ACEManagementServerTheACEManagementServerenablesyou tomanageACEinstances,topublishpolicychangestodynamicallyupdatethose instances,andtotestanddeploypackagesmoreeasily.ACEManagementServer addsnewintegrationwithActiveDirectorysetupsandprovidessecureActive DirectoryandLDAPintegration,withrolebasedsecureSSLcommunication. Formoreinformation,seetheVMwareACEManagementServerAdministrators Guide.
VMware, Inc.
383
Youneedtoprovideadequatediskspaceforvirtualmachinefilesandpackage files.Thefilesforeachvirtualmachinecanbeaslargeasseveralgigabytes.The packagefilescanalsobelarge.Thedefaultlocationforthepackagefilesisthe Packages folderinsidethevirtualmachinesfolder. Workstationneedsasubstantialamountoftemporaryworkingspacewhenit createsapackage.Thetotaldiskspacerequiredisabouttwicethecombinedsizes ofallthecomponentsofthepackage.TheNewPackagewizarddisplays informationabouttheamountofspaceneededandthelocationswherethespace isneeded. WorkstationmustbeinstalledonaWindowshost.
384
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
385
386
VMware, Inc.
ACEManagementServerhastwointerfaces:
ManagedACEinstancesUseACEManagementServer.SeetheVMwareACE ManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. StandaloneACEinstancesUsethevmware-acetoolcommandlineprogramto fixthoseproblemsdirectlyontheusersmachines.SeeUsingthevmwareacetool CommandLineToolonpage 479. Youcanalsousethehotfixfeaturetorespondtotheseproblems.SeeSetting HotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstancesonpage 421andRespondtoHot FixRequestsonpage 481.
VMware, Inc.
387
388
VMware, Inc.
19
19
BenefitsofUsingPoliciesonpage 390 SetPoliciesforACEInstancesonpage 390 SettingAccessControlPoliciesonpage 391 SettingHosttoGuestDataScriptPoliciesonpage 397 SettingExpirationPoliciesonpage 399 SettingCopyProtectionPoliciesonpage 400 SettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 401 SettingNetworkAccessPoliciesonpage 402 SettingRemovableDevicesPoliciesonpage 411 SettingUSBDevicePoliciesonpage 412 SettingVirtualPrinterPoliciesonpage 414 SettingRuntimePreferencesPoliciesonpage 415 SettingSnapshotPoliciesonpage 418 SettingAdministratorModePoliciesonpage 419 SettingKioskModePoliciesonpage 420 SettingHotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstancesonpage 421 SettingthePolicyUpdateFrequencyforManagedACEInstancesonpage 421 ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHostonpage 422 WritingPlugInPolicyScriptsonpage 424 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerInterfaceonWindowsHostsOnlyonpage 428
VMware, Inc.
389
390
VMware, Inc.
IfyouuseACEManagementServer,theserveralsoverifiesthefollowingitemsbefore theinstanceisallowedtorun:
VMware, Inc.
391
Activation Settings
UseactivationsettingstocontrolwhichuserscanactivateanACEinstanceafteritis installed.Theactivationdateisusedfortheexpirationpolicy. IfyouuseanACEManagementServerwithActiveDirectory,thecontrolsinthe ActivationsectionenableyoutoopentheActiveDirectoryUsersandGroupsdialog box.ThemachineonwhichWorkstationrunsmustbeinthesamedomainforwhich theACEManagementServerisconfigured.Userlistchangesareeffectiveatthenext startupoftheinstance. IfyoudonotuseActiveDirectoryorifyouarecreatingstandaloneACEinstances,the settingspanelincludesthefollowingoptionsforactivationpasswordsorkeys:
392
VMware, Inc.
ActivationkeyThisoptionisavailableifyouuseACEManagementServer withoutActiveDirectoryintegration.Youspecifyoneormorekeysandtheend usermustenterakeythatisinthatlist. Activationkeysareserialnumbers(freeformstrings)thatcanbetrackedasused orunusedbytheserver.Youcanenterthekeysorimportthemfromatextfile. Toimportkeys,youneedatextfilethatcontainsthelistofactivationtokens.Each tokenisonelineinthefile.Blanklinesareignored. ForanACEenabledvirtualmachine,Allowmultipleactivationsperkeyis selectedbydefault.TorestrictallowingmultipleactivationofanACEenabled virtualmachineperkey,deselectthisoption.
Authentication Settings
Theauthenticationstepisperformedwhenevertheuserrunstheinstance,unless AuthenticationissettoNone. IfyouuseACEManagementServerwithActiveDirectory,thecontrolsinthe AuthenticationsectionenableyoutoopentheActiveDirectoryUsersandGroups dialogbox.ThemachineonwhichWorkstationrunsmustbeinthesamedomainthat whichACEManagementServerisconfiguredfor. IfyoudonotuseActiveDirectoryorifyouarecreatingstandaloneACEinstances,the settingspanelincludesthefollowingoptionsforauthenticationcontrol:
VMware, Inc.
393
394
VMware, Inc.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
This script assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns TRUE if the user is allowed to run, and FALSE otherwise. Input to script: None. Returns: TRUE if username is on white list. FALSE if username is not on white list or is undefined. Expected output: One of the strings "TRUE" or "FALSE"
my @white_list = ("alan", "bob", "mary", "sonia", "chris"); my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "FALSE"; exit(0); } my @grepNames = grep(/$username/, @white_list); if (@grepNames == 1) { print "TRUE"; exit(0); } print "FALSE"; exit(0);
Scriptscanbeinanylanguage.Forexample,youcanusea.batfileonWindows operatingsystemsorperlorshonLinuxoperatingsystems.Ascriptprovides WorkstationwithacommandlineexecutablefileorascriptfileintheACE Resources directory.Theguidelinesascriptmustfollowdependonwhichpolicythescriptis implementing. Thescriptmustexitwitha0(zero)valuetobeconsideredasuccess.Anyotheroutput resultsinfailure.Uponsuccess,thestdoutoutputofthescriptisexamined.Foragiven policy,thisshouldbeaspecificvaluesuchasTRUEorFALSE.Forapoweronscript, outputshouldbeTRUEorFALSE.Theauthenticationscriptoutputisusedasa password.Thehosttoguestdatascriptisastringinaparticularformatsuchas guestinfo.var1="value1"\nguestinof.var2="value2".
VMware, Inc.
395
Recordtheprivatekeypasswordandlocationoftheprivatekeyfilesothatyoucan supplyitifyouneedtoresetapassword.
VMware, Inc.
397
FromaWindowsguest,enterthefollowingatacommandprompt:
cd "C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools" vmtoolsd.exe --cmd "machine.id.get" vmtoolsd.exe --cmd "info-get guestinfo.<key_to_query>" vmtoolsd.exe --cmd "info-get guestinfo.script_status"
FromaLinuxguest,enterthefollowingatacommandprompt:
vmtoolsd --cmd "machine.id.get" vmtoolsd --cmd "info-get guestinfo.<key_to_query>" vmtoolsd --cmd "info-get guestinfo.script_status"
HostguestdatascriptScriptforsharinghostinformationsuchasthehost machineIDandIPaddresswithapplicationsthatrunontheguest.
To specify a script and a command to run it 1 2 CreatethescriptandsaveitintheACE Resourcesdirectoryinsidethevirtual machinesdirectory. InWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE> Policies.
398
VMware, Inc.
Inthepolicyeditor,dooneofthefollowing:
7 8
VMware, Inc.
399
Youcanalsosetandcustomizeawarningmessagethatappearseachtimeaninstance powersonastheexpirationdateapproaches.Anexpirationmessageappearswhenthe instanceexpiresandtheinstancecannolongerbepoweredon. AstandaloneACEinstancehasthesameexpirationpolicyasallinstancescreatedfrom thecorrespondingACEpackage.Thefixedexpirationdateorthefixeddaterangeis establishedatactivationtime.Eachtimetheuserpowersontheinstance,thedateor daterangeischecked.Expirationchecksarealsoperformedwhiletheinstanceis running.Iftheexpirationisreached,anexpirationmessageappearsandtheinstanceis suspended. WithamanagedACEinstance,theexpirationpolicyworkssimilarlyasforstandalone instances,buttheexpirationpolicyvaluecanbespecifiedforindividualinstances.A validdaterangeforanACEenabledvirtualmachineappliestoeachofitsassociated ACEinstancesuntilaninstanceisindividuallyconfiguredwithitsowndaterange. Afterthatconfiguration,anychangestotheACEenabledvirtualmachinesexpiration policydonotaffecttheinstance.Allexpirationvalues,bothforACEenabledvirtual machinesandforallACEinstances,aredynamic.Thismeansthatafteryouchangethe valueandpublishthepolicyupdatetoACEManagementServer,ACEinstancesgetthe newvaluethenexttimetheycheckforpolicyupdates.
400
VMware, Inc.
EveryACEinstancehasacopyprotectionidentifier(CPID)thatcontainsthepathtothe ACEinstanceonthehostfilesystem.ForstandardACEinstances,theCPIDalso containsthesystemsBIOSID.ForPocketACEinstances,theCPIDcontainsthefile systemID.Ifcopyprotectionison,WorkstationcomparesthecurrentCPIDwiththe storedCPID.Iftheydonotmatch,theinstancewasmovedorcopied. ForstandaloneACEinstances,youcansettheCPIDbyusingvmware-acetoolorby sendinghotfixes(onWindowssystems,ifhotfixesareenabled).SeeUsingthe vmwareacetoolCommandLineToolonpage 479andRespondtoHotFixRequests onpage 481. FormanagedACEinstances,theCPIDisstoredontheserverandtheadministratorcan updateit.SeetheACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
VMware, Inc.
401
AhostmachineforACEinstancescanhaveonlyonehostpolicyfile.Ifyoutryto installanACEpackagewithahostpolicyfileonamachinethatalreadyhasa differenthostpolicyfile,installationofthenewpackagefails. AhostpolicyisineffectevenwhennoACEinstancesarerunning.Thepolicystarts immediatelyafterinstallationandstartsworkingeverytimethehostsystemboots. Anyrestrictionsonthehostsnetworkaccessalsorestrictnetworkaccessforan ACEinstancethatusesNATnetworking,becausetheNATconnectionisaffected byallthepoliciesyouapplytothehost.Ifyousetuprestrictedhostaccessbyusing theACEruleseteditorandruleseditorratherthantheNetworkAccesswizard, configuretheACEenabledvirtualmachinesvirtualNICstousebridged networking. IfyouaresettingupamanagedACEenabledvirtualmachine,youmustallowthe hosttoaccessACEManagementServer,communicatingthroughTCPoverthe appropriateportthatyouconfigure.
VMware, Inc.
402
IfyouchoosetheDesktopConfigurationoption,thewizardcreatesanewguest accessrulesetfortheEverywherezone.ThisrulesetrestrictsACEinstanceaccess toyourVPNorotherspecifiednetworkhosts. IfyouchoosetheLaptopConfigurationoption,thewizardcreatesanewinternal zonethatrestrictsthenetworkaddressand,optionally,thedomainonwhichthe ACEinstancecanrun.Itcanalsocreateanewhostaccessrulesetforthiszoneto restrictaccesstotheinternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanspecifyaproxyserver. Finally,youcanconfigurethesameremoteaccessfortheDesktopConfiguration option. Ifyouusethisoptionandyoudonotmodifyanyofthedefaultsettingsthatthe wizardprovides,thehostisstillallowedtocommunicatewithDNSandDHCP serverssothatthezonedetectionmechanismcanfunctionproperly.
To use the Network Access wizard to configure network access 1 2 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. SelectRestrictnetworkaccessoftheACEinstanceand/oritshostandclick Quick Setup.
VMware, Inc.
403
(Optional)Tovieworeditthezonesorrulesetsyoucreatedwiththewizard,click thezoneorrulesetnameinthetableontheNetworkAccesssettingspanel.
Youcanspecifyazonebyusinguptosixconditions:
Foramatchtooccur,allspecifiedconditionsmustbemet.
404
VMware, Inc.
Therearetradeoffsbetweenusingshorterandlongerlistsofconditions.Ifyouusea longerlist,youminimizethechancesofafalsepositiveresultoramisidentification. Minimizingthechanceofafalsepositiveresultoramisidentificationcanbeimportant ifyouareprovidinganACEpackagetosomeonewhoconnectsahostcomputerto multiplenetworksatdifferenttimes.Ifoneoftheothernetworksmatchesthe characteristicsyoudefineinthezonedefinition,thehostandinstanceaccesspolicies areapplied,evenifthehostisnotconnectedtoyournetwork. Insomecases,however,usingalongerlistmightalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatauser couldcircumventthedetectionmechanism.Forexample,suchanerrormightbemade ifyouswitchthehosttouseastaticIPaddressinsteadofDHCPandconfigurethehost withonlyasubsetofthecharacteristicsdefinedforyourzone,suchasonlynetwork address,ornetworkaddressandDNSserverinformation. Alsoconsiderthattheaddressesornamesofcertainserverscanchangeovertime. Such changescanalsointroducedetectionissues. Usingasmallersetofinformationinazonedescription,suchasonlythenetwork addressandthesubnetmask,issafer.Thedisadvantageisthatitincreasesthechance thatafalsepositiveormisidentificationcanoccur.Suchfalsepositivesareespecially likelyifyournetworkisusingacommonnetblock,suchas10/8,172.16/12,or 192.168/16,thatisalsousedbyothernetworks.
DomainSpecifiesthedomainnameofthenetwork,suchasmycompany.com. Enteronlyonedomainname.ThevalueofAllowsubdomainsofthisdomain governstheinterpretationofthisoption. AllowsubdomainsofthisdomainModifiestheDomainoption.Itspecifies whether,fortheDomainzoneconditiontobemet,adomainnamemustexactly matchthedomainnamespecifiedintheDomainboxorwhetheramatchofthe domainnameismadeanytimethestringcontains<domain_name>.Forexample, ifthisoptionisselected,corp.mycompany.comisconsideredamatchfor mycompany.com.Ifthisoptionisnotselected,corp.mycompany.comisnot consideredamatchformycompany.com. NetworkaddressSpecifiesanIPaddressorsubnetrangethatthenetworkuses. Thevalueof<subnet>,ifyouincludeasubnetrange,mustbethenumberofbits inthenetmask.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingan IP addressthatlieswithinanyofthespecifiedranges.
VMware, Inc.
405
DNSserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforDNSservers onthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingatleastone oftheseservers. IfthevalueoftheMatchatleastoptionisgreaterthan1,thehostmustbeusing thespecifiednumberofDNSserversonthelistbeforeanetworkadapteris consideredtobeonthedefinednetwork. BecausemultiplemethodsexistforassigningDNSdomainnamestoaLinuxhost, usingjusttheDNSdomainnametodefineazonecanbeerrorprone.Todefinea zoneforaLinuxhost,usecriteriainadditiontotheDNSdomainnames. ForWebsites,aDNSdomainnamemightresolvetomorethanoneaddress.To ensurethatthezoneisdefinedexactlyasyouintend,entereachIPaddress,rather thanjusttheDNSdomainname.
DHCPserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforDHCP serversonthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingat leastoneoftheseservers. GatewayserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesfordefault gatewaysonthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusing atleastoneofthesegateways. WINSserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforWINSservers onthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingatleastone oftheseservers.LinuxhostsignoreWINSserversettingsduringzonedetection. IfthevalueoftheMatchatleastoptionisgreaterthan1,thehostmustbeusing thespecifiednumberofWINSserversonthelistbeforeanetworkadapteris consideredtobeonthedefinednetwork.
406
VMware, Inc.
CompletethefieldsinthezoneeditorthatappearsandclickOK.
TounderstandtheparticularsofhowtrafficisbeingblockedorallowedforDNS, DHCP,andICMPprotocolsandports,seetherulesdisplayedintheruleseteditor.
Sourceaddressforincomingpackets Destinationaddressforoutgoingpackets,protocol,andports
VMware, Inc.
407
Thepacketiscomparedtoeachruleinorderuntilitmatchesaruleoritwascompared withalloftherules.Whenamatchismade,thepackettorulecomparisonends. The packetisnotcomparedtosubsequentrulesintheorderedlist.Ifitwascompared toallruleswithoutamatch,thedefaultruleactionisapplied. To add and edit rulesets and rules for network access 1 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess,andclickthelinkinthetablecolumn thatappliestotheaccesssettingtoedit. TheZoneandAccessTypeinformationjustbelowtheRulesetNametextbox showsthenameofthezoneandwhethertheaccesssettingappliestohostnetwork accessortothenetworkaccessforACEinstances(guestaccess). 2 Usetheruleseteditortochangetheorderofrulesintheset,editrules,andspecify whetherthehostorguestisallowedtouseDNS,DHCP,orICMP. Bydefault,DNS,DHCP,andICMPareincludedinthenetworkaccesssetupfor bothhostandinstanceaccess.VMwarerecommendsthatyoukeepDHCPand DNSselectedbecausetheyareimportantforzonedetection. WhetherthefollowingsettingsapplytothehostortotheACEinstance(guest access)dependsonwhetheryouareeditingahostnetworkaccessrulesetora guestnetworkaccessruleset:
DNSAllowstheguestorhosttouseaDNSservertoresolveIPaddresses. SelectthisoptioniftheDNSserverisnotincludedinanyothernetworkaccess settingforthishostorACEinstance. DHCPAllowsthehostorguesttoobtainitsIPaddressfromaDHCPserver. SelectthisoptioniftheDHCPserverisnotincludedinanyothernetwork accesssettingforthehostorACEinstance. ICMPEnablesyoutousethepingcommand.Forguests,pingenablesyou tochecknetworkconnectivitytoandfromtheACEinstance.Forhosts,it enablesyoutochecknetworkconnectivitywithotherhostsinthenetwork andwiththeACEinstance.
(Optional)Toaddoreditarule,dooneofthefollowing:
408
VMware, Inc.
AddressesToeditanexistinghostnameoraddress,doubleclickthatitem andeditit.ThewildcardsettingforallIPaddressesis0.0.0.0/0. ProtocolToalloworblockcommunicationforaspecificprotocol,select CustomfromtheProtocollist.Theprotocolnumberisinthepacket.Ifthat numbermatchesthenumbersuppliedintheCustomfield,thepacketis allowedorblockedastherulespecifies.Theprotocolnumberisusedinthe protocolfieldofIPv4packets. Foralistofprotocolnumbers,seetheInternetAssignedNumbers Authority (IANA)organizationsWebsite.Mostprotocolnumbersare permanentlyassigned.
RemotePortsandLocalPortsIfyouareusingeitherTCPorUDPandwant toqualifytherulewithspecificportnumbersforthistypeoftraffic,typethe portnumbersorportnumberranges. Thewildcardportsettingis(doublequotationmarks). Usuallyyouspecifyfilteringoneitherlocalorremoteports,notboth,because bothspecificationshavetomatchfortheruletobeapplied.(DHCPrepresents anexceptiontothisgeneralrule.) Thelocalportisthesourceportforoutgoingpacketsandthedestinationport forincomingpackets.Typicallyyouspecifyalocalportwhenthehostorguest isbeingusedasaserverobtainingremoteconnectionsonsomeport. Theremoteportisthesourceportforincomingpacketsandthedestination portforoutgoingpackets.Typicallyyouspecifyaremoteportwhenthehost orguestisaclientandiscontactingaremoteserveronsomeport.
VMware, Inc.
409
To change NAT settings 1 2 3 4 5 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. ClickHostVirtualNetworkonthepolicypage. IntheNATsectionofthedialogbox,selectAssignIPaddressesfromthissubnet. TypethesubnetIPaddresstouse,enterzero(0)asthelastbyteintheaddress,and clickOK. CreateanACEpackageanddeploythepackage. TheNATsettingisnotadynamicpolicysetting.Thismeansthatsimply publishingapolicyupdatetoACEManagementServerdoesnotcauseACE instancestochangeNATsettings.YoucanchangethesettingforadeployedACE instanceonlybychangingitinthepolicyandthencreatinganddeployinganew ACEpackage.
410
VMware, Inc.
5 6
Understanding the Interaction of Host and Guest Access Filters with Tunneling Protocols
Hostandguestaccessfilterscandifferintheirinteractionswithtunnelingprotocols. Ahostnetworkaccessfilterseestrafficbeforepacketsareencapsulatedinthetunneling protocol(forexample,VPN).Aguestnetworkaccessfilterseestrafficafterthepackets areencapsulatedinthetunnelingprotocol. Becauseofthisguestaccessfilterbehavior,ausermightbeabletocircumventguest accessrestrictionsbyusingtunnelingprotocolsorproxies.
VMware, Inc.
411
SpecificUSBdeviceForexample,allowuseofaspecifictypeofdigitalcamera butdisallowuseofiPodmobiledigitaldevices. Ifaruleexistsforaspecificdevice,thatruleoverridesanyrulessetfordevice classesinwhichthedevicebelongs. AllentriesinthelistofspecificUSBdevicesaremaintainedinadevicedatabase thatisincludedwiththefilesforthisACEenabledvirtualmachine.Youcancopy andsharethedatabase.Itisnotwriteprotected.Thedefaultlocationforthefileis: OnWindowsXP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\usbhistory.ini OnWindowsVistaandWindows7:C:\ProgramData\VMware\VMware Workstation\usbhistory.ini
AllUSBdevicesAllowordenyaccesstoallconnectedUSBdevices.Deviceclass rulesandspecificdevicerulesoverridegeneralaccessrules.
412
VMware, Inc.
Beforeyouusethepolicyeditor,determineastrategyforsettingthepolicy.Ifyouwant arestrictedenvironment,youcanplantogenerallyblockaccesstoallUSBdevicesand thenspecifyexactlywhichclassesorspecificdevicestoallow.SeeAccessLevelsfor USBDevicesonpage 412. To set an access policy for USB devices 1 2 3 Inthepolicyeditor,selectUSBDevices. UsetheGeneralaccesstoallUSBdevicesradiobuttonstospecifywhetherto alloworblockgeneralaccesstoUSBdevices. TospecifyaUSBpolicybydeviceclass: a IfthedevicedoesnotappearintheAccesstospecifictypesofUSBdevices list,clickAdd,selectthedeviceintheUSBDeviceClassesdialogbox,andclick OK. YoucanCtrlclickandShiftclickitemstoselectmorethanoneclass. b 4 SelecttheAllowandBlockcheckboxesintheAccesstospecifictypesofUSB deviceslisttospecifytheruleforeachdeviceinthelist.
b c 5
ClickOKinthepolicyeditor.
VMware, Inc.
413
Afteryouenablethevirtualprinterpolicy,aserialportisaddedtothevirtualmachine. ThisserialportappearsontheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,with thesummaryUsedbyVirtualPrinter.Youcannotaddorremovethisserialportby usingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.Toaddorremoveit,youmustenableor disabletheoptioninthevirtualprinterpolicy. NOTEIftheACEenabledvirtualmachinealreadyhasfourserialports,youcannot addanotherserialportforthevirtualprinter.Toenablethevirtualprinter,deletean existingserialport. AfterendusersinstalltheACEinstance,theycanusetheVM>VirtualPrintersmenu commandtospecifywhichprintersfromthehostareavailabletotheguest.Ifendusers onWindowshostshaveproblems,makesuretheTPAutoConnectServiceWindows serviceisstarted. NOTEWhentheACEVirtualPrinterpolicyisenabled,VirtualPrinterisavailablein VM>Settings>Hardware,andcannotbedeselecteduntiltheACEVirtualPrinter policyisdisabled.
414
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
415
RequireenhancedvirtualkeyboardforsecureinputThissettingappliesonlyto WindowshostsrunningWindowsguests.Thisfeatureprovidesbetterhandlingof internationalkeyboardsandkeyboardswithextrakeys.Italsoprovidessecurity improvementsbecauseitprocessesrawkeyboardinputassoonaspossible, bypassingWindowskeystrokeprocessingandanymalwarethatisnotalreadyat alowerlayer. IfanACEinstanceusesthisfeature,whenenduserspressCtrl+Alt+Delete,the guestsystemonly,ratherthanbothguestandhost,respondstothecommand. Beforeyoucreatearuntimepolicyforthisfeature,turnontheenhancedkeyboard filterwiththevirtualmachinesettingseditor.SeeUsetheEnhancedVirtual KeyboardforWindowsHostsonpage 339. WhentheACEinstanceisinstalledandtheguestoperatingsystemstartsforthe firsttime,aspecialkeyboardfilterdriverisinstalledonthehost.Afterinstallation, theendusermustrestartthehostcomputer.Keyboardfilteringisthenenabled.
416
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
417
ReimagesnapshotsAtinstallationtime,asnapshotistakenafterallofthe requiredinstancesetupstepsarecomplete,including,ifapplicable,encryption, instancecustomization,anddomainjoin.Thesnapshotistakenbeforethevirtual machinerunsforthefirsttime. NOTEManuallydisabletheautomaticreimagesnapshotbyeditingthe ACEenabledvirtualmachinesaceMaster.datfile.Editthe packaging.takeReimageSnapshot option. ReimagesnapshotsallowtheACEadministrator,ortheuseriftheadministrator enablesreimagesnapshotoptionsfortheuser,toreverttheACEinstancetoits knowngoodstartingstateortotheknowngoodupdatedreimagestate. Ifyouenablereimagesnapshotoptions,commandsfortheoptionsappearinthe VM>Snapshotmenu. Ifyouchoosenottoenablethereimagesnapshotoptionsfortheuser,youcan replacethereimagesnapshotorreverttoitontheusersmachinebyproviding administratormodeaccessthroughtheAdministratorModepolicy.SeeSetting AdministratorModePoliciesonpage 419.
418
VMware, Inc.
Whenyoufinishchangingthevirtualmachinesettingsorusingthesnapshot commands,chooseVM>ACE>ExitAdministratorMode.
VMware, Inc.
419
Whenauserexitskioskmode,thevirtualmachineispoweredofforsuspended, accordingtotheruntimepreferencepolicyforexitbehavior.PocketACEinstancesare poweredoffandsynchronized.Whenthevirtualmachineispoweredoff,theACE Playerpromptstheusertoexitkioskmode. OnLinuxhosts,youmustsetsomeadditionalpropertiesafterinstallingtheACE instance.SeePrepareaLinuxHostforRunninginKioskModeonpage 472. Forinformationaboutstartupoptionsforkioskmode,seeChangeDefaultKiosk ModeStartupBehavioronpage 475andUseMultipleVirtualMachinesinKiosk Modeonpage 476.
420
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
421
Policyupdatestakeeffectwhiletheinstanceisrunning,withthefollowingexceptions:
YoucancontrolwhichvirtualmachinesandACEinstancescanberunonahostby editingtheaceMaster.datfileinthevirtualmachinedirectory. Beforeyoubegin,ifyouplantorunmultipleACEinstancesontheendusersmachine, determinewhichACEenabledvirtualmachineyouwanttouseforsettinghostwide policies. To control which ACE instances run on a host 1 2 OntheadministratormachinewhereWorkstationisinstalled,poweroffandclose theACEenabledvirtualmachine. UseatexteditortoopentheaceMaster.datfilefortheACEenabledvirtual machine. Thisfileislocatedinthesamedirectoryastheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthe ACEenabledvirtualmachine. 3 4 (Optional)TospecifythatnonACEvirtualmachinescannotrunonthehost,find theallowVMspropertyandchangeitfrom1to0. FindtherequiredCreatorIDpropertyandsetittoanidentifier. Forexample,tosettherequiredcreatorIDtocreator1,editthelineasfollows:
requiredCreatorID = "creator1"
422
VMware, Inc.
FindthecreatorIDpropertyandsetittothesameidentifier. Forexample,tosetthecreatorIDtocreator1,editthelineasfollows:
creatorID = "creator1"
ChangestotheallowVMspropertyortherequiredCreatorIDpropertyrepresent changestohostwidepolicies.Packagesthatincludethesehostpoliciesrequire administratorprivilegestoinstall. 7 (Optional)IfyouplantorunmultipleACEinstancesontheendusersmachine,do thefollowing: a EdittheaceMaster.datfilefortheotherACEenabledvirtualmachinesand setthecreatorIDpropertytothesamevaluethatyouusedinStep 5. SetonlythecreatorIDpropertyandnottherequiredCreatorIDproperty fortheseothervirtualmachines. b RepeatStep 6.
VMware, Inc.
423
Thetopicsthatfollowshowtheformatfortheoutputthatyourscriptsmustwritetothe StdOutfiletocontrolvariouspolicies.
424 VMware, Inc.
Theoutputofthescriptishashedtocreateakeytoencryptanddecryptvirtualmachine files.Thefirsttimethisscriptisrun,theoutputishashedtoencryptthevirtualmachine. Whenavirtualmachineisdecrypted,thescriptmustreturnthesamevalue.Ifthescript returnsadifferentvalue,thevirtualmachineisnotdecryptedandtheuserseesanerror message. Thescriptmayreturnanyvalue.Toensurebestsecurity,avaluethatincludesonly printablecharactersshouldbeatleast32byteslong.Forbinarydata,thevalueshould beatleast16byteslongtoensureproperentropy.TheoutputissenttotheStdOutfile. ThefollowingexampleiswritteninPerl.ItisinstalledbyWorkstationas sample_auth.pl.CompileitwithaPerlinterpretertorunit.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # VMware Sample Script Sample script for ACE script authentication Description: This sample script looks up the user as defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME and returns seed data that is used to make a key for authenticationpurposes. It assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns the seed data from a harcoded map of username to seed data. Input to script:
VMware, Inc.
425
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
None. Returns: 0 if successful (user is correctly authenticated). -1 if TEST_USERNAME is not set, or the user is unrecognized. Expected output: Seed data for creating script authentication key on stdout. Notes: If the script returns success, its output will be used to create a key. Therefore, it is important that the output of this script be unique for each user, and that there is enough data to make a meaningful key (at least 16 bytes).
my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "You should set the TEST_USERNAME environment variable.\n"; exit(-1); }
my $key_seed = $user_map{$username}; if (! defined $key_seed) { print "Unrecognized username.\n"; exit(-1); } print $key_seed; exit(0);
426
VMware, Inc.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
Description: This sample script passes information defined on the host to the guest. It assumes that the machine name is defined in the environment variable TEST_MACHINENAME and that the asset tag is defined in the environment variable TEST_ASSETTAG. (These are fictitious variables used for this # # sample). Input to script: None. Returns: 0 if successful. Expected output: Set of acceptable key/value pairs where the values are fetched from the environment variables. These values can be retrieved from within the Guest operating system using the VMware Tools.
my $machine_name = $ENV{TEST_MACHINENAME}; my $asset_tag = $ENV{TEST_ASSETTAG}; my $host_mac = $ENV{TEST_MACHINEMAC}; if (defined $machine_name) { print "machine.id = " . $machine_name . "\n"; } if (defined $asset_tag) { print "guestinfo.assetTag = " . $asset_tag . "\n"; } if (defined $host_mac) { printf "guestinfo.mac = " . $host_mac . "\n"; } exit(0);
VMware, Inc.
427
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
This script assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns TRUE if the user is allowed to run, and FALSE otherwise. Input to script: None. Returns: TRUE if username is on white list. FALSE if username is not on white list or is undefined. Expected output: One of the strings "TRUE" or "FALSE"
my @white_list = ("alan", "bob", "mary", "sonia", "chris"); my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "FALSE"; exit(0); } my @grepNames = grep(/$username/, @white_list); if (@grepNames == 1) { print "TRUE"; exit(0); } print "FALSE"; exit(0);
428
VMware, Inc.
Foralistofvaluestouseinparameters,seeTable 192,Table 193,andTable 194. Tocommentoutalineintheskinfile,beginthelinewiththepound(#)sign. 2 Savetheskinfilewiththefilenameskin.txtintheACE Resourcesdirectoryin thevirtualmachinedirectoryfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine. Thefilenamemustbeskin.txt. 3 (Optional)TodisplayapplicationiconsotherthantheVMwarePlayericon,place thenew.icoiconfilesintheACE Resourcesdirectory. Foriconssizesandskinfileparameters,seeCustomizingtheVMwarePlayer Iconsonpage 429. 4 5 InWorkstation,closetheACEenabledvirtualmachine. UseatexteditortoopentheaceMaster.datfileinthevirtualmachinedirectory andaddthefollowingline:
vmplayer.skin = "skin.txt"
VMware, Inc.
429
player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.buttonTextD isconnected player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.tooltip player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.tooltipDisc onnected player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.icon player.deviceBar. <deviceName>iconDisconne cted player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.shortcutKey
string(optional)
Normalbuttontext
string
string(optional)
Normaltooltip
filename filename(optional)
keySpec
VMware, Inc.
431
Followingarethedevicenamesyoucanusefor<deviceName>intheparametername:
Modifier key Nomodifier Alt Ctrl Shift Ctrl+Alt Alt+Shift Ctrl+Shift Ctrl+Alt+Shift
432
VMware, Inc.
Keepthefollowinglimitationsinmindwhendefiningshortcutkeys:
VMware, Inc.
433
434
VMware, Inc.
20
20
EditDeploymentSettingsonpage 435 ACEResourcesDirectoryonpage 446 ReviewtheConfigurationofanACEEnabledVirtualMachineonpage 447 UsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 448 CreatingaPackageonpage 449 PerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTestonpage 455 DeployPackagesonpage 456
VMware, Inc.
435
Encryption Settings
Encryptionsettingsareoftwotypes:
Theactivationandauthenticationpoliciesyouchoosedeterminewhichdefault encryptionsettingsareappliedtothepackageandfiles.SeeSettingAccessControl Policiesonpage 391.VMwarerecommendsthesedefaultsettingsforproduction environments.Thefilesdonotneedtobeencryptedwhenyoudeployapackageina testenvironment. NOTEIfyousettheencryptionsettingstoNone,anyverificationspecifiedinthe resourcesigningpolicyisnotperformed.Theencryptionpackagesettingoverridesthe resourcesigningpolicysetting.SeeSettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 401.
436
VMware, Inc.
TochangethepackagelifetimesettingschooseProperties>Settings. TodeactivatethepackageimmediatelychooseDeactivate.
AutomatestheSysprepprocess(theuseoftheMicrosoftSysprepdeployment tools).ItgivesyoubettercontrolofsomeSysprepparameters,suchascomputer name. AutomatesjoiningACEinstancestoadomainfromaremotesite.SeeSetUpa RemoteDomainJoinonpage 443. FormanagedACEinstances,theinstancecustomizationprocessontheusers machinereportsthesuccessorfailureoftheprocesstotheserver.Theinformation isavailableintheinstanceviewofWorkstation.Besidesstatus,theprocessalso reportstheMACaddressandthenewcomputername.
VMware, Inc.
437
438
VMware, Inc.
Formanagedinstances,instancecustomizationisreportedtotheserverifitis successful.
VMware, Inc.
439
440
VMware, Inc.
SelectSystemOptionsandcompletethesettingspanel. Usethefollowinginformationtocompletethefields:
SystemoptionsYoucanuseplaceholdervariablesforthesystemname, organizationname,andcomputername.Fordetailsontheplaceholder variables,includinganexample,seePlaceholderValuestoUseinInstance Customizationonpage 442. CAUTIONTheMiniSetupprocessfailsifyouenteradministratorinthe NamefieldortheComputerNamefieldorforWindowsVistaandWindows 7guests,ifthecomputernameismorethan15characters. Ifyousetthe%logon_user%placeholderinthosefieldsandtheplaceholder variableresolvestoadministrator,thesoftwareautomaticallychangesthe valuetoarandomalphanumericstringof10characters.
SecurityIDAnewSIDisalwaysgeneratedforWindowsVistaand Windows7guests,regardlessofthesettingyouchoosehere.
SelectWorkgrouporDomainandcompletethesettingspanelusingthefollowing information:
SpecifyothertypesofdeploymentsettingsorclickOK.
Tocreateapackagewiththesesettings,seeCreatingaPackageonpage 449.
VMware, Inc.
441
%logon_user%or%logon_user(n)% Theuserloggedintothehostmachineat thetimetheMicrosoftMiniSetupprocessbegins. Youcanuse%logon_user(n)%,where<n>isthemaximumnumberofcharacters obtainedfromtheactualloggedinuserwhenthenameisresolved.Use<n>ifyou theusernamemustberesolvedtonomorethanacertainnumberofcharacters. Forexample,ifyouspecifythat3randomcharactersaretobeaddedtotheactual usernameandyouwanttolimittheresolvednameto15characters,set<n>to12. YourentryintheNamefieldintheSystemOptionspanelis %logon_user(12)%%random_alpha_digit(3)%. Including(n)intheplaceholderisoptional.Ifyouuseonly%logon_user% orif youset<n>tozero(0),theplaceholderresolvestothefullloggedinusername.
%host_name% or %host_name(n)% Thenameofthehostcomputer(usually usedwithsomeadditionalrandomnumberorname). Youcanuse%host_name(n)%,where<n>isthemaximumnumberofcharacters obtainedfromtheactualcomputerhostnamewhenthenameisresolved.Use<n> ifthehostnamemustberesolvedtonotmorethanacertainnumberofcharacters. Forexample,ifyouspecifythat3randomcharactersaretobeaddedtotheactual hostnameandyouwanttolimittheresolvednameto15characters,set<n>to12. YourentryintheComputerNamefieldintheSystemOptionspanelis %host_name(12)%%random_alpha_digit(3)%. Including(n)intheplaceholderisoptional.Ifyouuseonly%host_name%,orif youset<n>tozero(thatis,theplaceholderresolvestothefullhostname.
ForWindowsVistaandWindows7guests,ifthecomputernameismorethan15 characters,theMiniSetupprocessfailsontheusermachine.
442
VMware, Inc.
Saveandclosethefile.
VMware, Inc.
443
Beforeyoubegin,performthefollowingtasks:
DeterminewhichVPNclienttodownload.TheVPNclientmustsupporta commandlineinterfacesothatascriptcanbeusedforloggingintotheVPN server.YoumightneedtocontacttheVPNproductstechnicalsupporttofindout whethertheVPNclientsupportsacommandlineinterface. ObtainaVPNaccountforloggingintotheserver.Credentialsincludeausername andpassword.Randomlygeneratedsecuritytokenscannotbeusedaspasswords. Forexample,youcannotuseanRSAsecuritytoken. DeterminethefollowinginformationtousefortheVPNclientprofile:the companysgroupandpasswordinformationandthenameoftheVPNserverto contacttoestablishasecureconnection. DeterminethenameofthedomainthatyouplantoaddtheACEinstanceto. Determinetheusernameandpasswordforanaccountthathaspermissiontoadd computerstothedomain.
To set up a remote domain join 1 2 IntheguestoperatingsystemoftheACEenabledvirtualmachine,installaVPN clientthatsupportsacommandlineinterface. UsetheVPNclientsoftwaretoconfigureaprofileforthisclient. TheprofileintheVPNclientcontainsacompanysgroupandpassword informationanddetermineswhichservertocontacttoestablishasecure connection. 3 Writea.batscriptthatallowsremoteexecutionduringtheinstancecustomization process. Followingisanexampleofa.batscriptforaCiscoVPNclient:
"net" start "Cisco Systems, Inc. VPN Service" "C:\Program Files\Cisco Systems\VPN Client\vpnclient.exe" connect <profile_name> user <vpn_user_name> pwd %1 >> vpnlogs.txt
444
VMware, Inc.
4 5 6 7
Savethe.batfileontheC:driveoftheguestsfilesystem. InWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE> DeploymentSettings. SelectWorkgrouporDomain. Inthesettingspanel,selectDomainandspecifyanorganizationalunitanduser nameforanaccountthathaspermissiontoaddcomputerstothedomain. AnexampleofanentryintheOUfullpathfileis OU=orgunits,DC=dpt,DC=domain,DC=com. IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineismanaged,passwordsandcommandsare storedonACEManagementServer. IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineisstandalone,passwordsandcommandsare storedwiththepackage.Besuretouseencryptionforthepackage.
8 9
10
VMware, Inc.
445
TospecifywhethertodeploytoWindowshosts,Linuxhosts,orboth,usethe DeploymentPlatformsettinginthedeploymentsettingseditor.
446
VMware, Inc.
DonotplacefilesinasubdirectoryoftheACE Resourcesdirectory.Ifscriptsor skinfilesreferenceotherfiles,placethoseotherfilesinthemainACE Resources directory.Makesurethescriptusesrelativepathstoreferencethoseresources. AresourceisconsideredanyfileintheACE Resourcesdirectory.Youcanspecify whethertoverifyallfilesintheACE Resourcesdirectoryorjustthepolicyscripts inthatdirectory.Formoreinformation,seeSettingResourceSigningPolicieson page 401.
VMware, Inc.
447
4 5 6 7
448
VMware, Inc.
IfACEManagementServerismanagingthevirtualmachine,clickPublish PoliciestoServer.
Creating a Package
AfteryoucreateanACEenabledvirtualmachineandconfigurepolicies,devices,and deploymentsettings,usetheNewPackagewizardtocreateapackagethatyoucan deploytousers. NOTETocreateaPocketACEpackagefordistributiononportabledevices,usethe PocketACEPackagewizardratherthantheNewPackagewizard.SeeCreateaPocket ACEPackageonpage 460. ForpackagesthatyouplantodeploytoWindowshosts,youcanspecifythatthe packagebedistributedthroughanetworkimageorthroughDVDsorCDs.ForDVD andCDdistribution,thepackageisdividedintofilesthatfitonstandarddiscs.
VMware, Inc.
449
PolicyUpdateorServerUpdateIncludesjustthepolicyrelatedfiles.
ChecksthatallfilesthattheACEenabledvirtualmachinerequiresarepresent. Thosefilesinclude:
Diskandsnapshotfiles Scriptfiles(ifanypolicyisusingscripts)
450
VMware, Inc.
Addthefollowinglinetothefile:
pref.ignoreToolsPkgCheck = "TRUE"
Beforeyoucreatepackagesthatyouplantodeployinproductionenvironments, reinstatetheVMwareToolscheck.
VMware, Inc.
451
EnsurethattheguestoperatingsystemandthemostrecentversionofVMware ToolsareinstalledintheACEenabledvirtualmachine.SeeInstallingVMware Toolsonpage 104. Defragmentvirtualdiskstoensurethatthepackageisascompactaspossible.See DefragmentVirtualDisksonpage 239. PreviewtheACEinstancetoverifythatallsettingsareworkingcorrectly.SeeUse PreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 448. Determinethepasswordsusedforthepoliciesanddeploymentsettings.Thesecan includethefollowing:
ActivationpasswordAccesscontrolpolicyissettoPassword. DomainjoincredentialsAccesscontrolpolicyfortheACEinstanceissetto Password,andtheInstanceCustomizationdeploymentsettingforDomain isenabled.Thispasswordisfortheuseraccountthathaspermissiontoadd computerstothisdomain. RemotedomainjoincredentialsandVPNcredentialsTheInstance CustomizationdeploymentsettingsforDomainandEnableremotedomain joinareenabled.Thedomainpasswordisfortheuseraccountthathas permissiontoaddcomputerstothisdomain.ThepasswordintheRemote domainjoinsectionisfortheuseraccountthathaspermissiontoaccessthe VPNserver.
452
VMware, Inc.
Touseinstancecustomization,verifythatthefollowingprerequisitesaresatisfied:
Tobeginthepackagingprocess,clickNextonthePackageSummarypage. Packagecreationtakesasubstantialamountoftime,especiallyforpackagesthat includelargevirtualmachinesorinstancecustomizationsettings. Duringtheinstancecustomizationstage,iftheguestoperatingsystemdoesnot shutdownafterapproximately10minutes,theproblemmightbethattheSysprep toolswerenotinplace.Theoperationiscancelledandanerrormessagetellsyou thatinstancecustomizationfailed. ThePackageCreationCompletepageappearswhentheprocessiscomplete.Itlists thelocationofthenewlycreatedpackageandprovidesalinktothepackage directory.
Dependingonwhichdistributionmethodyouchose,dooneofthefollowing:
Thedisclabelyouenterinyourdiscburningsoftwareforeachdiscmust bethesameasthenameofthefolderthewizardcreatestoholdthatdiscs contents. Burnthecontentsofeachdiscontothetoplevelofthedisc. Thepackageinstallerexpectstofindonlythecontentsofthefolder,and notthefolderitself,attherootlevelonthedisc.Ifyouburnthefolder itselfontothedisc,whenyouattempttoinstallthecontentsofthesecond orsubsequentdiscsontheusersmachine,theerror1309,Error reading from file <filename>,appears.
454
VMware, Inc.
3 4 5
VMware, Inc.
455
7 8
Deploy Packages
DeployingpackagesmeansmakingtheACEpackageavailabletoendusers.You specifythedistributionmethodwhenyoucreatethepackage. To deploy packages Dependingonthetypeofpackage,dooneofthefollowing:
456
VMware, Inc.
21
Pocket ACE
21
ThePocketACEfeatureenablesyoutostoreACEinstancesonportabledevicessuchas USBkeys(flashmemorydrives),AppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices,andportablehard drives.ACEusersattachtheseportabledevicestox86hostcomputers,runtheirACE instanceswithVMwarePlayer,andthendetachtheportabledevices.Thenexttime theyneedaccesstotheirACEinstances,theycanattachthedevicestothesamehost computersortodifferentcomputers. UsePocketACEtopackageadailycomputingenvironmentandallowenduserstotake thatenvironmentincludingdocuments,settings,applications,andVPN accesswherevertheyneedtogo. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:
UseCasesforPocketACEonpage 458 PortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 459 PoliciesandDeploymentSettingsforPocketACEonpage 460 CreateaPocketACEPackageonpage 460 DeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDeviceonpage 461 RunthePocketACEInstanceonpage 463
VMware, Inc.
457
ProvidingaccesstoemployeesworkingremotelyEmployeesoftenusetheir ownhomecomputerforaccessingenterpriseresourcesremotely.Unmanaged clientscanbeinfectedbymalwareorspyware.Inaddition,thereisariskoflost dataifaremoteuserdownloadssensitivedatatoapersonalcomputer.Thereis alsotheaddedburdenofdeployingandmanagingthesoftwareneededbyremote users. UsingPocketACE,ITadministratorscandeployatrusted,managed,andmore securevirtualdesktopinstancetoremoteusers.ThevirtualdiskofthePocketACE canbeencryptedtominimizetheriskoflostdata.Bysettingspecificnetwork quarantinepolicies,administratorscanstrictlycontroltrafficbetweenthe untrustedclientandPocketACEinstance,protectingtheenterprisefromcreating acompromisedhost.
458
VMware, Inc.
ProvidingaccesstooffshoreoutsourcepartnersTypically,offshorepartners manageandownthedesktopsystemstheyuse.Becausetheseresourcesareowned byanoutsideorganization,theydonotfallunderstandardITpolicy.Insome cases,desktopsystemsarepurchased,imaged,andshippedtoanoffshorepartner foraccessingtheenterprise.Thisisoftenalengthyandcostlyprocess. WithPocketACE,ITadministratorscaneasilydeployatrusted,managed,and moresecurevirtualdesktopinstancetooffshorepartners.Thevirtualdesktop instancescanbedistributedusingportablemediaordownload.Securityfeatures includethedataencryptionfeatureandthenetworkquarantineandrestriction featuresalreadymentioned.
ProvidingdisasterrecoveryUsingPocketACE,organizationscaneasilypackage desktopinstanceswithallthenecessaryenterpriseapplicationsforuseinthecase ofadisaster.Theseinstancescanbedeployedtoportablemediadevicesandstored safelyinasecureoffsitefacility.Ifadisasteroccurs,thePocketACEinstancescan bequicklydistributedandused. DistributingbetaortrialsoftwareUsingPocketACE,ISVscandistribute softwarepreinstalledasavirtualapplianceeitherbydownloadoronaportable mediadevice.AnISVcanprovideacompleteworkingenvironment,ensuringno compatibilityissues.CustomEULAscanbecreatedandusedtoensurethatauser acceptstheagreementpriortousinganACEinstance.Inaddition,anexpiration periodcanbesetthatdisablesanACEinstanceafteranallottedperiodoftime.
VMware, Inc.
459
Makesuretheportabledevicemeetsthehardwareanddiskspacerequirementsfor PocketACE.SeePortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 459. DeterminewhetheryouwanttodeploythePocketACEtoWindowsmachines, 32bitLinuxmachines,64bitLinuxmachines,orsomecombination.Yourchoices affectthediskspacerequirements. Determinethepasswordyouwanttouseforanyonewhoattemptstodeploythe packagetoaportabledevice. Ifyoudonotwanttorequireapassword,makesuretheaccesscontrolpolicys authenticationtypeissettoNone.Makesuretheencryptiondeploymentsetting forpackageprotectionissettoNone.
Inaddition,completethetaskslistedinPrerequisitesforUsingthePackaging Wizardsonpage 452. To create a Pocket ACE package 1 2 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinetouseasthebasisforthepackage. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffratherthansuspended. Whenyouexitpreviewmode,bydefaultVMwarePlayersuspendsthevirtual machine.Ifnecessary,useWorkstationtopoweroffthevirtualmachine.
460
VMware, Inc.
3 4
(Optional)Todeploythepackageimmediately,selectDeploytoaportabledevice now.
Ifyoudonotdeploythepackageimmediately,seeDeployingtheACEPackageona PortableDevice.
VMware, Inc.
461
3 4
IftheEnterPassworddialogboxappears,enterthedeploymentpassword. CompletetheVMwarePocketACEDeployUtilitydialogboxandclickDeploy.
WhenyoudistributethePocketACE,giveitdirectlytotheuserandtelltheusertokeep thePocketACEsecureuntiltheuserrunstheACEandchangestheuserpassword.
Enterthefollowingbulkdeploymentcommandandspecifythenecessary parameters:
bulkDeploy.exe <deployment_directory> <parameters>
462
VMware, Inc.
Forexample,
bulkDeploy.exe E: -p password -s C:\pocketACEPackage\VM\packagedVMX.vmx -q -t
VMware, Inc.
463
ThePocketACErunsprimarilyfromthehostcache,althoughitoccasionallyreadsfrom theparentdiskontheportabledevice.TheACEinstancedoesnotwritetotheparent diskuntilsynchronization. To run a pocket ACE instance 1 2 Plugtheportabledeviceintothehostcomputer. IfthehostsystemsAutorunconfigurationisnotsettostarttheACEinstance automatically,dooneofthefollowing:
464
VMware, Inc.
22
22
Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:
InstallinganACEPackageonaWindowsHostonpage 465 InstallinganACEPackageonaLinuxHostonpage 469 UpgradingACEInstancestoACE2.6onpage 473 StartandUseanACEInstanceonpage 474 InstallanACEClientLicenseonpage 478 QuitVMwarePlayeronpage 479 TroubleshootingToolsonpage 479
VMware, Inc.
465
MakesurethehostcomputerhasenoughdiskspacefortheACEinstance. IfthisisthefirstinstallationofanACEinstanceontheusersmachine,auserwith administrativeprivilegesmustruntheinstallation.Onlyauserwith administrativeprivilegescaninstallanduninstallVMwarePlayer. IftheACEinstanceincludesahostpolicy,auserwithadministrativeprivileges mustruntheinstallation.Ahostpolicyisahostnetworkaccesspolicyorapolicy thatrestrictswhichvirtualmachinescanrunonahost.SeeSettingNetwork AccessPoliciesonpage 402andControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHost onpage 422. Onlyonesetofhostpoliciescanbedeployedtoaparticularhost.Ifapackage containshostpoliciesandthehostalreadycontainshostpoliciesfromanother package,installationofthesecondpackagefails.
To install an ACE instance on a single Windows host 1 IfVMwarePlayerisnotyetinstalledontheusersmachine,logintothehost computerastheAdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindows Administratorsgroup. DependingonwhetheryouareinstallingfromaCD,DVD,ornetworklocation,do oneofthefollowing:
ForCDsandDVDs,insertthefirstdisc. Foranetworklocation,navigatetothelocationoftheinstaller.
3 4
Findthesetup.exefileanddoubleclickit. Followtheprompts.
466
VMware, Inc.
ForadditionaldetailsonhowtousetheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,seetheMicrosoft Website.
Youcanalsoinstallanupgradesilently.Anupgradeisalwaysinstalledinthesame directoryordirectoriesasthepreviouspackage. To install the ACE instance on multiple hosts 1 2 Onthehostcomputer,openacommandprompt. Enterthefollowingcommand:
setup.exe /s/v"/qn"
VMware, Inc.
467
Thedefaultlocationforthevirtualmachinefiles:
Tocustomizethepackage,enterthefollowingcommand:
msiexec -i package.msi <installation_options>
Thefollowingexamplecommandillustratestheoptionsandtheirusage:
msiexec -i package.msi DESKTOP_SHORTCUTS=0 INSTALLDIR="G:\packages" PLAYER_INSTALLDIR="C:\VMware\VMware Player" /qn
468
VMware, Inc.
3 4
Inthispath,<user>representsauserspecificdirectory.Ifmorethanoneuserused PocketACEonthehost,youmustremovethedirectoryforeachuser.
VMware-Player-i386.bundle VMware-Player-x86_64.bundle
VMware, Inc.
469
Enterthefollowingcommandtochangetothedirectorytowhichyoucopiedthe file:
cd /tmp
Enterthefollowingcommandtoruntheinstallationprogram:
sh VMware-Player-<architecture>.bundle
MakesurethehostcomputerhasenoughdiskspacefortheACEinstance. TheACEpackagemustbeaccessibletotheLinuxusermachinesforinstallation.
470
VMware, Inc.
IfthisisthefirstinstallationofanACEinstanceontheusermachine,arootuser mustruntheinstallation.OnlyarootusercaninstallanduninstallVMwarePlayer. IftheACEinstanceincludesahostpolicy,arootusermustruntheinstallation.A hostpolicyisahostnetworkaccesspolicyorapolicythatrestrictswhichvirtual machinescanrunonahost.SeeSettingNetworkAccessPoliciesonpage 402and ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHostonpage 422. Onlyonesetofhostpoliciescanbedeployedtoaparticularhost.Ifapackage containshostpoliciesandthehostalreadycontainshostpoliciesfromanother package,installationofthesecondpackagefails.
Repeatthisprocedureforotherhosts.
VMware, Inc.
471
AddthefollowinglinestocreateaServerFlagssectioninthe /etc/X11/xorg.conffile:
Section "ServerFlags" Option "DontZoom" "true" Option "DontZap" "true" Option "DontVTSwitch" "true" EndSection
3 4 5
472
VMware, Inc.
TouninstallanACEinstance,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path_to_instance_directory>./vmware-uninstall-ace.pl
TouninstallVMwarePlayer,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-installer -u vmware-player
(Optional)IfyouusedPocketACEonthishostandwanttoremovethePocketACE cachetoconservediskspace,deletethefollowingdirectory:
/home/<user>/.vmware/roamcache
Inthispath,<user>representsauserspecificdirectory.Ifmorethanoneuserused PocketACEonthehost,youmustremovethedirectoryforeachuser.
VMware, Inc.
473
2 3
Ifpromptedtoenterorcreateapassword,doso. IftheEnterSerialNumberdialogboxappears,dooneofthefollowing:
Ifyouradministratorprovidedaserialnumber,enterit. Ifyouneedtopurchasealicense,clickGetSerialNumber.
474
VMware, Inc.
5 6
OnWindows,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path>\vmplayer.exe -k "<config-file>"
OnLinux,enteroneofthefollowingcommands:
Inthesecommands,<config-file>isthepathtothevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file.
VMware, Inc. 475
TostarttheACEinstancewithoutenteringkioskmode,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindows,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path>\vmplayer.exe -K "<config-file>"
OnLinux,enteroneofthefollowingcommands:
476
VMware, Inc.
To use multiple virtual machines in kiosk mode 1 2 InstalltheACEinstancesonthehostmachine. Usethefollowingexamplestowriteabatchfileorscripttostartthevirtual machines: Windowsbatchfile:
cd Program Files\VMware\VMware Player start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace1\ace1.vmx" sleep 20 start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace2\ace2.vmx" sleep 20 start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace3\ace3.vmx"
Linuxscriptfile:
#!/bin/bash vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace1/ace1.vmx & sleep 20 vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace2/ace2.vmx & sleep 20 vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace3/ace3.vmx &
VMware, Inc.
477
Entertheserialnumberinthedialogbox. Ifyouneedtopurchasealicense,clickGetSerialNumber.
ClickOK.
478
VMware, Inc.
Troubleshooting Tools
VMwareACEincludessometroubleshootingtoolsthatallowadministratorsandhelp deskassistantstofixsomecommonproblemsthatusershavewithACEinstances,such asforgottenuserpasswords.Thetoolsare:
ForstandaloneACEinstances:
FormanagedACEinstances,seetheVMwareACEManagementServer AdministratorsGuide.
VMware, Inc.
479
Theconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)fortheACEinstancemustbeontheACEusers machine.Thatis,youcannotusevmware-acetooltomakefixestofilesassociatedwith theinstanceunlesstheconfigurationfileisonthesamemachineasthosefiles. Youcanactuallyusethevmware-acetoolprogramtoresetpasswordsandfix expirationdatesonanothermachine,butyoumusthavethe.vmx,.vmpl,andace.dat filesfromtheuserallsetupinthesamedirectory.Thefollowingisanexampleofa vmware-acetoolcommand: vmware-acetool <command> <ACEconfigurationfile> <parameters> Table 22-2. Commands and Parameters for vmware-acetool
Command setPassword setExpirationDate allowCopy updateCurrentTime Parameters Pathtorecoverykeyfile Newexpirationdate Description SettheACEinstances password. SettheACEinstances expirationdate. AllowtheACEinstanceto runfromitscurrentlocation. Updatetheinternalpolicy clockofanACEinstanceto thecurrenttime. Netcloneconfigurationfile Pathtorecoverykeyfile Clonearegularvirtual machinefroman ACEenabledvirtual machine.
cloneToVM
Password Prompts
Allcommandspromptfortheadministrativetoolspassword.SeeSetting AdministratorModePoliciesonpage 419. ThesetPasswordcommandalsopromptsfortherecoverykeypasswordforthe privaterecoverykeyfile,anewACEinstancepassword,andconfirmationofthatnew password.SeeSetaRecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstancesonpage 396. Followingisanexampleofthecommand: vmware-acetool setPassword myACE.vmx recKey.priv
480
VMware, Inc.
Expiration Dates
Thenewexpirationdatecanbepassedasoneofthefollowing:
Followingareexamplesofthecommand: vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx 30 vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx 2007-06-16 vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx "never" vmware-acetool allowCopy myACE.vmx 30
Forinformationaboutenablingthehotfixfeature,seeSettingHotFixPoliciesfor StandaloneACEInstancesonpage 421.Forinformationaboutsettingarecoverykey, whichyoumusthavetosendahotfixforalostorforgottenuserpassword,seeSeta RecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstancesonpage 396. Whenthehotfixfeatureisenabled,ifanenduserseesanotificationthattheACE instanceisexpiredorcopyprotected,aRequestHotFixbuttonappearsinthedialog box.Theuserclicksthisbutton,whichlaunchestheHotFixRequestwizard.This wizardgeneratesahotfixrequestfile.Theusercansubmitthisfiletotheadministrator asanemailattachmentorinsomeotherway.
VMware, Inc.
481
To respond to a hot fix request 1 2 3 4 Whenyoureceivethehotfixrequestfile,saveittoalocationthatyoucanaccess fromtheadministratormachinewhereWorkstationisinstalled. OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinefortheinstancethatrequiresthehotfix. ChooseFile>Open. NavigatetothelocationofthehotfixrequestfileandclickOpen. AhotfixtabopensintheWorkstationwindow.Thehotfixtabdisplaystheusers nameandemailaddress,theproblemthatledtothehotfixrequest,andany additionalnotetheuserentered. 5 6 7 ClickApprovehotfix. Entertheappropriateinformationinthedialogbox. Selectoneofthefollowingmethodsforsendingtheresponse:
482
VMware, Inc.
Issues with Domain Joins for Windows Vista and Windows 7 Guests
Problem:TheWindowsVistaandWindows7ACEinstancescannotjointhelocal domainandinstancecustomizationfailedwiththemessageNetDomainJoin function Error 1722: Could not join domain. Description:WindowsVistaandWindows7ACEinstancesmighthavethisproblem. Solution:Telltheusertopowerofftheinstanceandpoweritonagaintoretryinstance customization.Theproblemisintermittentandrestartingmightsolvetheproblem.
VMware, Inc.
483
484
VMware, Inc.
OnaLinuxhostoperatingsystem:
/usr/bin/vmware [-n] [-x] [-X] [-m] [-t] [-q] [-s <variablename>=<value>] [-v] [/<path_to_virtual_machine>/<virtual_machine_name>.vmx] [X toolkit options]
VMware, Inc.
485
OnaWindowshostoperatingsystem:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware.exe [-B] [-n] [-x] [-X] [-t] [-q] [-s <variablename>=<value>] [-v] [<path_to_virtual_machine>\<virtual_machine_name>.vmx]
-t -x
-X -m -q
-s
-v <path_to_VM_or_team>
486
VMware, Inc.
Enclosetheentirecommandstringinquotationmarks.Theconfigurationfilehasa .vmxextensionbydefault.
VMware, Inc.
487
488
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
bridgednetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehostsphysical network.Withbridgednetworking,avirtualmachineappearsasanadditional computeronthesamephysicalnetworkasthehost.Seealsohostonlynetworking. clone Aduplicateofavirtualmachine.Seealsofullclone,linkedclone. customnetworking Anytypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehostthatdoes notusethedefaultbridged,hostonly,ornetworkaddresstranslation(NAT) networkingconfigurations.Forinstance,differentvirtualmachinescanbe connectedtothehostbyseparatenetworksorconnectedtoeachotherandnotto thehost.Anynetworktopologyispossible.
DE
diskmode Apropertyofavirtualdiskthatdefinesitsexternalbehavior(howthe virtualizationlayertreatsitsdata)butiscompletelyinvisibletotheguestoperating system.Availablemodesincludepersistentmode(changestothediskarealways preservedacrosssessions),nonpersistentmode(changesareneverpreserved),and undoablemode(changesarepreservedattheusersdiscretion). Favoriteslist AlistintheleftpanelofthemainWorkstationwindowthatshowsthenamesof virtualmachinesthatauserhasadded.YoucanusetheFavoriteslisttolauncha virtualmachineortoconnecttothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfileandmake changesinthevirtualmachinesettings.
VMware, Inc.
489
fullclone Acompletecopyoftheoriginalvirtualmachine,includingallassociatedvirtual disks.Seealsolinkedclone. fullscreenmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen.See alsofullscreenswitchmode. fullscreenswitchmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen,and theuserhasnoaccesstotheWorkstationuserinterface.Theusercannotcreate, reconfigure,orlaunchvirtualmachines.Asystemadministratorperformsthose functions.Seealsofullscreenmode.
HK
hostonlynetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehost.With hostonlynetworking,avirtualmachineisconnectedtothehostonaprivate network,whichnormallyisnotvisibleoutsidethehost.Multiplevirtualmachines configuredwithhostonlynetworkingonthesamehostareonthesamenetwork. Seealsobridgednetworking,customnetworking. host ThephysicalcomputeronwhichtheVMwareWorkstationsoftwareisinstalled. hostoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsonthehostmachine.Seealsoguestoperating system. independentdisk Atypeofvirtualdiskthatisnotaffectedbysnapshots.Youcanconfigure independentdisksinpersistentandnonpersistentmodes.Seealsononpersistent mode,persistentmode,snapshot.
490
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
LM
NO
nonpersistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineappeartobewrittentotheindependentdiskbutareinfactdiscarded afterthevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldisk inindependentnonpersistentmodeisnotmodifiedbyactivityinthevirtual machine.Seealsodiskmode,persistentmode. parent Thesourcevirtualmachinefromwhichyoutakeasnapshotormakeaclone.Afull clonehasnocontinuedlinktoitsparent,butalinkedcloneandasnapshotmust haveaccesstotheparentsvirtualdiskfiles.Ifyoudeletetheparentvirtual machine,anylinkedcloneorsnapshotbecomespermanentlydisabled.Toprevent deletion,youcanmaketheparentatemplatevirtualmachine.Seealsofullclone, linkedclone,snapshot. persistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentoavirtualdiskthathasbeen configuredasanindependentdisk.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldiskin independentpersistentmodebehaveslikeaconventionaldiskdriveonaphysical computer.Seealsodiskmode,nonpersistentmode. physicaldisk Aharddiskinavirtualmachinethatismappedtoaphysicaldiskdriveorpartition onthehostmachine.Aphysicaldiskisalsoreferredtoasarawdisk.Avirtual machinesdiskcanbestoredasafileonthehostfilesystemoronalocalharddisk. Whenavirtualmachineisconfiguredtouseaphysicaldisk,Workstationdirectly accessesthelocaldiskorpartitionasaphysicaldevice(notasafileonafile system).Seealsovirtualdisk.
VMware, Inc.
491
quickswitchmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillsmostofthescreen.In thismode,tabsatthetopofthescreenallowyoutoswitchquicklyfromone runningvirtualmachinetoanother.Seealsofullscreenmode. rawdisk Seephysicaldisk. record/replayfeature ThisfeatureletsyourecordallofaWorkstation5.xor6.xvirtualmachinesactivity overaperiodoftime.UnlikeWorkstationsmoviecapturefeature,the record/replayfeatureletsyouexactlyduplicatetheoperationsandstateofthe virtualmachinethroughoutthetimeoftherecording. redolog Thefilethatstoreschangesmadetoadiskinallmodesexceptthepersistentand independentpersistentmodes.Foradiskinnonpersistentmode,theredologfile isdeletedwhenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachinewithoutwritingany changestothedisk.Youcanpermanentlyapplythechangessavedintheredolog toadiskinundoablemodesothattheybecomepartofthemaindiskfiles.Seealso diskmode. ReverttoSnapshot Acommandthatrestoresthestatusoftheactivevirtualmachinetoitsimmediate parentsnapshot.Thisparentisrepresentedinthesnapshotmanagerbythe snapshotappearingtotheimmediateleftoftheYouAreHereicon.SeealsoGoto Snapshot,snapshotmanager.
sharedfolder Afolderonahostcomputeroronanetworkdriveaccessiblefromthehostthat canbeusedbyboththehostandoneormorevirtualmachines.Itprovidesaway ofsharingfilesbetweenhostandguestoramongvirtualmachines.InaWindows virtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearasfoldersonadriveletter.InaLinuxor Solarisvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunderaspecifiedmountpoint. snapshot Areproductionofthevirtualmachinejustasitwaswhenyoutookthesnapshot, includingthevirtualmachinespowerstate(on,off,orsuspended).Ifthevirtual harddisksarenotsettoindependentmode,asnapshotalsoincludesthestateof thedataonallthevirtualmachinesdisks.Youcantakeasnapshotwhenavirtual machineispoweredon,poweredoff,orsuspended.Seealsoindependentdisk.
492
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
TU
team Agroupofvirtualmachinesthatareconfiguredtooperateasoneobject.Youcan poweron,poweroff,andsuspendateamwithonecommand.Youcanconfigure ateamtocommunicateindependentlyofanyothervirtualorrealnetworkby settingupaLANsegment.SeealsoLANsegment,virtualnetwork. Unitymode Adisplaymodeinwhichavirtualmachinesapplicationsaredisplayedin applicationwindowsdirectlyonthehostsdesktop.Thevirtualmachineconsole viewishidden,andyoucanminimizetheWorkstationwindow.Inthismode,a virtualmachinesapplicationslookjustlikeotherapplicationwindowsonthehost.
VX
virtualdisk Afileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysicaldiskdrivetoaguestoperating system.Thesefilescanbeonthehostmachineoronaremotefilesystem.Seealso physicaldisk. virtualhardware Thedevicesthatmakeupavirtualmachine.Thevirtualhardwareincludesthe virtualdisk,removabledevicessuchastheDVDROM/CDROMandfloppy drives,andthevirtualEthernetadapter.Youconfigurethesedeviceswiththe virtualmachinesettingseditor.Seealsovirtualmachinesettingseditor. virtualmachine Avirtualizedx86PCenvironmentinwhichaguestoperatingsystemand associatedapplicationsoftwarecanrun.Multiplevirtualmachinescanoperateon thesamehostmachineconcurrently. virtualmachineconfiguration Thespecificationofwhichvirtualdevices,suchasdisksandmemory,arepresent inavirtualmachineandhowtheyaremappedtohostfilesanddevices. virtualmachineconfigurationfile Afilecontainingavirtualmachineconfiguration.This.vmxfileiscreatedwhen youcreatethevirtualmachine.Itisusedtoidentifyandrunaspecificvirtual machine.
VMware, Inc.
493
virtualmachinesettingseditor Apointandclickcontrolpanelusedtoviewandmodifyavirtualmachines settings. virtualnetwork Anetworkconnectingvirtualmachinesthatdoesnotdependonphysical hardwareconnections.Forexample,youcancreateavirtualnetworkbetweena virtualmachineandahostthathasnoexternalnetworkconnections.Youcanalso createaLANsegmentforcommunicationbetweenvirtualmachinesonateam.See alsoLANsegment,team. virtualnetworkeditor Apointandclickeditorusedtoviewandmodifythenetworkingsettingsforthe virtualnetworkscreatedbyWorkstation. VMwarePlayer FreesoftwarethatenablesPCuserstocreateandrunanyvirtualmachineona WindowsorLinuxPC.VMwarePlayerrunsvirtualmachinescreatedbyVMware Workstation,VMwareServer,orESXServerandalsosupportsMicrosoftvirtual machinesandSymantecBackupExecSystemRecoverydiskformats. VMwareTools Asuiteofutilitiesanddriversthatenhancestheperformanceandfunctionalityof yourguestoperatingsystem.KeyfeaturesofVMwareToolsincludesomeorallof thefollowing,dependingonyourguestoperatingsystem:anSVGAdriver,a mousedriver,theVMwareToolscontrolpanelandsupportforsuchfeaturesas sharedfolders,draganddropinWindowsandLinuxguests,shrinkingvirtual disks,timesynchronizationwiththehost,VMwareToolsscripts,andconnecting anddisconnectingdeviceswhilethevirtualmachineisrunning.Seealsoshared folder.
494
VMware, Inc.
Index
Numerics
3D support 173
A
About tab VMware Tools 123 access control policies, ACE 391, 397 ACE instance defined 383 installing on a Linux host 470 installing on a Windows host 466 offline usage 421 removable device policy 411 running a Pocket ACE 463 setting policies for 390 uninstalling from a Linux host 473 uninstalling from a Windows host 468 upgrading 473 ACE Management Server and Active Directory 397 defined 383 ACE New Package wizard 449 ACE Resources directory 446 ACE tools, using 479 ACE-enabled virtual machine configuring 447 creating packages for 450 defined 383 deployment platform 446 ACPI S1 sleep feature 380 activation policy, ACE 391
Active Directory password change proxying 397 adapter host virtual adapters 301, 410 in promiscuous mode on a Linux host 316 specifying physical, for ACE 410 virtual Ethernet 295 Add Hardware wizard 332, 363 Add Shared Folder wizard 191 address assigning IP 305 assigning MAC manually 309 IP on virtual network 304 MAC 308 network address translation 316 using DHCP to assign 304 administrative tools policy, ACE 419 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture, using 176 ALSA See Advanced Linux Sound Architecture AMD Athlon 64 processor 37 AMD Opteron processor 37 AMD Sempron processor 37 AMD Turion 64 processor 37 appliance view for virtual machines 182 policy for ACE instances 415 assign IP address 304 network port number in NAT 323
VMware, Inc.
495
Athlon 64 processor 37 audio 32, 175, 176 AudioPCI 176 authentication policy, ACE 391 autofit settings 164 automatic bridging 297, 410 AutoProtect restrictions 214 setting up 215 AutoProtect feature See also snapshot, AutoProtect 214
bulkDeploy.exe program 462 bundle installer for Workstation 45 BusLogic 30, 362
C
capacity, disk 236, 249 capture screenshot 183 snapshot of virtual machine 203 virtual machine activity 257 CD adding drive to virtual machine 250 CD-ROM image file 30 legacy emulation mode for 252 package delivery for ACE 453 .cfg file 97 change hot-key combinations 74 team name 274 virtual machine name 65 Change Version wizard 94 clock real-time on Linux host 44 synchronize guest and host 120 clone template 221 Clone Virtual Machine wizard 222 clones creating, for teams 272, 276, 283 creating, in Clone Virtual Machine wizard 221 enable template mode 221 full 220 IP address 222 linked 220, 227 MAC address and UUID of 219 network identity of 222 overview 219 static IP address 222
B
background, running virtual machines in 71, 264 bandwidth controlling, in team networks 271 LAN segment 281 battery information, reporting in guest 180 BIOS file in virtual machine 97 provided in virtual machine 30 setup, entering 148 .bmp files for screen captures 183 bridged networking ACE policy for network adapters 410 and Samba servers 329 configuring options 297 browser and appliance views 182 configuring on Linux host 45 BSD supported 32-bit guest operating systems 36 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 36 BT/KT-958 drivers 86
496
VMware, Inc.
Index
color display on VNC clients 228 screen, in a virtual machine 172 comm port See serial connection, serial port command-line interface for VMware Tools 132 for Workstation 485 commands keyboard shortcuts 72 startup, on the command line 378, 485 startup, on Windows hosts 487 compacting virtual disks 240 configure record/replay 259 connect CD/DVDs and floppies to ISO images 253 USB devices 353 Conversion wizard 133, 142, 143 converting virtual machines 133 copy and paste feature 189 copy protection policy for ACE instances 400 copy virtual machine 225 CPU host requirement 23 provided in virtual machine 29 creating ACE packages 449 policies for an ACE instance 390 virtual disks 242 Creative Labs 176 Creative Labs Sound Blaster 32 Ctrl+Alt hot-key combination 340 custom EULA ACE package setting 445
D
DDNS (dynamic domain name service) 311 debugging using serial connection 338 default scripts for VMware Tools 125 defragmenting virtual disks 239 deleting recordings of virtual machine activity 212, 268 snapshots 208, 212 virtual machines 158 deploy.exe program 461 deployment settings, ACE deployment platform 446 encryption 436 EULA 445 instance customization 437 package lifetime 436 destinations for imported virtual machines 140 device connection policy 411 device drivers for generic SCSI devices 363 VMware Tools 102 devices ACE policies for USB 412 adding a generic SCSI device 363, 364 connecting and disconnecting 122, 181 disconnecting from USB controller 357 processor 29 removable, ACE policies for 411 USB 351 Devices tab in Preferences dialog box 67 VMware Tools 122
VMware, Inc.
497
DHCP assigning IP addresses on a virtual network 304 changing settings 300 configuring on a Linux host 306 configuring on a Windows host 306 DHCPD 311 lease 300 on a virtual network with NAT 317 server 286, 300 server on virtual network 290, 291 stopping 314 dial-up connection 306 directories, shared 195, 196 disable acceleration 179 copying and pasting text and files 190 drag-and-drop of files and folders 188 folder sharing 192 interface features 369 disc labels for packages 453 disk See also virtual disk IDE drive supported in host 24 IDE drives in virtual machine 30 independent 207 mapping to a drive 199 optical drives supported in host 25 SCSI drive supported in host 24 size 236, 249 space required on host computer 24 .vmdk virtual disk file 97 display autofit settings for 164 color depth 172 fitting window to virtual machine 169 full screen 162, 164
multiple monitor 166, 169 requirements on hosts 24 switching virtual machines 165 Display tab in preferences editor 169 distributing ACE packages 449 DMZ 271 DNS on a NAT network 318 setup issues, troubleshooting 482 domain join, remote 443 domain problems 482 domain setting, in ACE instance customization 440 downgrading virtual machines 94 download components 153 drag-and-drop feature 187 dragging and dropping images, text, and file contents between host and guest 188 drivers SCSI 362 sound 176 video, in older versions of Windows 105 drives CD/DVD-ROM 30, 250 floppy 31, 250 IDE 30 tape 361 virtual IDE 242 virtual SCSI 242 dual-boot computers and virtual machines 254 dual-monitor display 166, 169 DVD adding drive to virtual machine 250 legacy emulation mode for 252
498
VMware, Inc.
Index
optical, supported 25 package delivery for ACE 453 dynamic domain name service 311
E
Eclipse installing the Workstation plug-in for 41 EHCI controller 31 EM64T processor 37 encrypt restrictions 156 encrypting a virtual machine 155 encryption for ACE packages and instances 436 enhanced virtual keyboard 339, 416 Ethernet adapter adding to virtual machine 295 for teams 282 promiscuous mode 316 virtual network adapters 286 Ethernet controller 25 Ethernet switches 32 exclusive mode 165 expand virtual disk 240 expiration policy for ACE instances 399
snapshot 97 suspended state 97 used by a virtual machine 97 used by snapshot 97 virtual machine 150 firewall 324 fit to guest and fit to window 169 floppy drives in virtual machine 31, 252 image file 31, 253 folders in the Favorites list 64 shared, See shared folder FreeBSD supported 32-bit guests 36 supported 64-bit guests 36 VMware Tools for 112 FTP 318 full screen mode 162 full screen settings 164 full screen switch mode 372, 379 full screen toolbar 164, 415
G
gated host network 310 global configuration file 372 graphics See also display support in virtual machine 30, 172 guest autofit 169 defined 22 fit command 169 guest network access policies, ACE 402, 411 guest operating system for ACE instance customization 439 installing 91 support for 64-bit 37
F
Favorites list creating folders in 64 overview 63 removing virtual machines from 64 files BIOS in virtual machine 97 redo log 97 Samba and file sharing on a Linux host 328 sharing among virtual machines and host 187
VMware, Inc.
499
supported 32 supported FreeBSD 32-bit 36 supported FreeBSD 64-bit 36 supported Linux 32-bit 35 supported Linux 64-bit 36 supported MS-DOS 33 supported Solaris 32-bit 36 supported Solaris 64-bit 36 upgrades 94 Windows 32-bit 33 Windows 64-bit 34 GUID Partition Table (GPT) disks 139
I
ICMP 318 IDE drive supported in host 24 drives in virtual machine 30 optical drive supported in host 25 IDESCSI, setting up virtual disk as 237 image file floppy 31, 253 ISO 30, 250, 253 import 145 importing virtual machines 133, 135 independent disk 207 initialization scripts for instance customization 440 install components 153 install ESX 4.0 and ESXi 4.0 on Workstation 90 installation requirement ESX 4.0 and ESXi 4.0 90 installing ACE instance on a Linux host 470 ACE instance on a Windows host 466 guest operating systems 91 Pocket ACE on portable device 461 software in a virtual machine 179 VMware Player on a Linux host 469 VMware Tools silently on Windows guests 106 Workstation on Linux host 44 Workstation on Windows host 41 Workstation silently on Windows hosts 42
H
Hardware tab in virtual machine settings editor 69 headless virtual machines (run in the background) 71, 264 HIDs (human interface devices) 353 host defined 22 hard disk space required 24 network access policies, ACE 411 optical drives supported 25 policies, ACE 402, 466 system requirements 23 virtual adapters 301 host-guest data script policies 397 host-only networking basic configuration 290 selecting IP addresses 304 hot fix, ACE policies 421 responding 481 hot keys for full screen switch mode 373, 375 hexadecimal values for 373 in Workstation preferences 340
500
VMware, Inc.
Index
instance customization, ACE deployment settings for 440 guest operating systems for 439 initialization scripts 440 Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools for 439 package settings, overview 437 packages with 453 placeholder values 442 specifying license information for Windows servers 443 workgroup or domain setting 440 Intel EM64T processor 37 IP address assigning 305 clone 222 static 305 IP packet forwarding 307 ISO image file 30, 250, 253
preparing Linux hosts for 472 starting multiple virtual machines in 476 startup behavior 475
L
LAN segments and teams 280 changing name 281 configuring connections to 282 deleting 283 setting bandwidth 281 setting Kbps 281 setting packet loss 281 leaks, IP packet 306 legacy emulation for DVD/CD-ROM drives 252 licensing, serial number and 474 linked clones 227 Linux 32-bit host 27 64-bit host 27 installing on Linux host 44 supported 32-bit guest operating systems 35 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 36 supported host operating systems 27 uninstalling Workstation on Linux host 47 upgrading on Linux host 51 LiveState system image, importing 135 local area networking 25 location of virtual machine files 83, 150 lock files 236 log files 97, 379 LSI Logic 30, 86, 362
K
Kbps, for LAN segment 281 kernel paravirtual, support for 93 key code mapping 345 keyboard enhanced virtual, ACE policy 416 enhanced virtual, on Windows 339 language keymaps for VNC clients 341 mapping on a Linux host 342 shortcuts 72, 158 USB 351 keyloggers 416 keysym defined 344 mapping 345 kiosk mode, ACE policies 420
VMware, Inc.
501
M
MAC address and clones 219 assigning manually 309 of virtual Ethernet adapter 308 map key code 345 keyboard 342 keysym 345 mapped drives, for virtual disks 198 mapping virtual disks to a drive 199 master boot record (MBR) disks 139 memory amount required on host 23 settings 415 Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools 440 MIDI 175 mode exclusive 165 full screen 162 preview 448 promiscuous 316 quick switch 165 Unity 158 modifier keys 373 monitors specifying the number of 166, 169 using multiple 166, 169 mouse driver, installed by VMware Tools 102 USB 351 movie capture 184 moving a virtual machine 223 MP3 175 MS-DOS 33 multiple monitors, using 166, 169 Mylex 30, 86, 362
N
name changing team name 274 changing virtual machine name 65 NAT ACE policies for 409 advanced configuration 319 and DHCP 317 and DNS 318 and the host computer 317 external access from a NAT network 318 on virtual network 289, 316 port forwarding 323, 328 sample configuration file for Linux host 327 selecting IP addresses 304 specifying connection from port below 1024 320 NAT.conf file 321, 327 NetLogon 324 NetWare, Novell 36, 113, 123 network adding and modifying virtual Ethernet adapters 295 automatic bridging 297 automatic bridging for ACE instances 410 changing DHCP settings 300 changing subnet settings 300 changing the configuration 295 components 285 configuring bridged networking options 297 DHCP 304 DHCP server 286 dial-up connection 306 dynamic domain name service 311 hardware address 308
502
VMware, Inc.
Index
host-only 290 host-only subnet 304 identity, clone 222 IP forwarding 307 IP packet leaks 306 MAC address 308 NAT 289, 316 NAT as firewall 324 NAT subnet 304 packet filtering 307 promiscuous mode on a Linux host 316 routing between two host-only networks 314 Samba 328 second bridged network on a Linux host 299 switch 285 token ring 289 two host-only networks 302 virtual DHCP server 290, 291 virtual Ethernet adapter 286 virtual network editor 297, 301, 306 virtual switch 285 virtualizing in a team 271 network access policies, ACE 402, 410 network adapters creating, for team networks 282 virtual, adding 295 virtual, overview of 286 network image package delivery for ACE 453 New Package wizard 449 New Virtual Machine wizard 66, 80, 89, 235 NFS ports 320 Novell NetWare supported guests 36 VMware Tools for 113
O
offline usage of ACE instances, policy 421 Open Enterprise Server 36 open virtual machine format (.ovf and .ova files) 137 operating system 32-bit Windows host 26 64-bit Windows host 26 FreeBSD 32-bit guest 36 FreeBSD 64-bit guest 36 installing guest 91 Linux 32-bit guest 35 Linux 32-bit host 27 Linux 64-bit guest 36 Linux 64-bit host 28 MS-DOS guest 33 Solaris 32-bit guest 36 Solaris 64-bit guest 36 support for 64-bit guest 37 Windows 32-bit guest 33 Windows 64-bit 34 Opteron processor 37 optical drive supported in host 25 Options tab virtual machine settings editor 70 VMware Tools 120 .ovf and .ova files 137
P
P2V (physical-to-virtual) conversion 133 Package Properties dialog box 454 package settings, ACE custom EULA 445 deployment platform 446
VMware, Inc.
503
encryption 436 instance customization 437 package lifetime 436 placeholder values in instance customization 442 remote domain join 443 workgroup or domain in instance customization 440 Packages tab 454 packages, ACE burning files onto discs 453 changing lifetime setting 436 creating 449 creation progress 453 deployment for Pocket ACE 461 deployment platform for 446 disc labels for 453 disk space required for 452 distribution format 453 Pocket ACE installation 461 pre-deployment test for 455 previewing before deployment 455 registration 453 testing before deployment 455 viewing history of 454 packet filtering 307 leaks 306 packet loss, configuring, for LAN segments 281 parallel ports configuring on a Linux host 333 in a virtual machine 331 installing in virtual machines 332 paravirtualized kernels in Linux guests 93 parent snapshot 204 pause restrictions 154
pause feature 154 physical disk adding physical disks 244 capacity 238 storing virtual disks on 237 using in a virtual machine 238 ping 318 placeholder values in instance customization 442 platform deployment settings, ACE 446 Player policy, ACE 415 plug-ins writing, for ACE instances 424 .png files for screen captures 183 Pocket ACE deleting the cache 468, 473 deploying 461 description 88, 457 Disk Size Calculator 88 installing on portable device 461 instructions for running 463 portable device requirements 459 Pocket ACE Deploy Utility dialog box 461 policies, ACE access control 391 activation 391 administrative tools 419 authentication 391 copy protection 400 device connection 411 expiration 399 host 402, 466 host-guest data script 397 hot fix 421 kiosk mode 420 network access 402 Player runtime 415 removable device 411
504
VMware, Inc.
Index
resource signing 401 runtime preferences 415 setting for an ACE instance 390 snapshot 418 update frequency 421 USB device 412 using scripts 424 virtual printer policy 414 policy editor, using 390 policy update frequency, ACE 421 port TCP and UDP below 1024 320 VNC 228 port forwarding 323, 328 Power menu disable functions 369 using, for teams 280 power off snapshot options 213 team 279 Power Off button 152 power on a virtual machine 148 team 279 to BIOS 148 Powered On list 65 power-on script for ACE instances 394 preferences display 169 hot keys 340 setting, for Workstation 67 VMware Tools upgrade options 115 workspace 67 Preview in Player icon 448 preview mode, ACE 448, 455 previewing ACE packages 455 printers ACE virtual printer policy 414
using host printers in a virtual machine 180 processor host requirement 23 provided in virtual machine 29 supported for 64-bit guest 23, 37 promiscuous mode 316 publishing ACE policy changes 455
Q
quick switch mode 165 quiet mode, install VMware Tools 106 quitting ACE Player 479
R
RAM amount required on host 23 raw disk 238 Real Media 175 real-time clock requirement on Linux host 44 record/replay feature 257, 259 recordings of virtual machine execution deleting 212 renaming 210 .REDO file 97 registration of ACE packages 453 of VMware Workstation 75 reimage snapshots 418 remote connections to a virtual machine 228 remote domain join 443 RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap property 341 removable devices ACE policies for 411 deploying Pocket ACE packages to 461 disconnecting 357
505
VMware, Inc.
removable drive for Pocket ACE 461 removing a virtual disk 243 devices from a virtual machine 181 Repair option for VMware Tools installations 105 repairing VMware Tools installations 114, 118 Replay toolbar 261, 262 reporting problems to VMware 76 Reset button 152 resizing Linux guests 170 Solaris guests 171 resolution, screen 164 resource signing policy for ACE instances 401 restricted user interface 369 resume team 279 virtual machine 201 reverting to snapshot 211 routing between host-only networks 314 host only 310 runtime preferences policy, ACE 415
S
Samba and file sharing on a Linux host 328 modifying configuration for Workstation 328 on both bridged and host-only networks 330 scan code 344 scanner 361 screen captures 183
screen colors for VNC clients 228 setting, for virtual machines 172 screen modes full screen 162 quick switch 165 screen resolution 171 screenshot capture 183 screenshots 183 scripts creating custom VMware Tools 126 enabling, disabling, and running 122 for ACE instance customization 440 power on, for ACE instances 394 running and disabling 128 running during power state changes 125 startup, for ACE kiosk mode 476 writing, for ACE instances 424 Scripts tab in VMware Tools 122 SCSI adding a generic SCSI device 363, 364 avoiding concurrent access on a Linux host 363 connecting to generic 361 devices in virtual machine 30 drive supported in host 24 driver for Windows NT guest 362 driver for Windows Server 2003 guest 362 driver for Windows XP guest 362 drivers 86, 362 generic SCSI on a Linux host 363 generic SCSI on a Windows host 361
506
VMware, Inc.
Index
optical drives 25 permissions for a generic SCSI device on a Linux host 361 setting up virtual disk as 237 Sempron processor 37 serial connection between host application and virtual machine 335 between two virtual machines 335 for debugging 338 to a serial port on the host 335 serial number for ACE instances 474 serial port, installing and using 335 server DHCP 286, 306, 317, 324 DNS 311, 317, 318, 319 WINS 319 setting up AutoProtect 215 share files on a Linux host with Samba 328 shared folder enable and disable 192 mounting, on Linux 196 on Linux and Solaris guests 196 permissions on Linux 196 using 190 viewing 195 sharing virtual machines 227 shortcuts, keyboard 67, 72, 340 shrink virtual disks 123, 240 virtual disks in Netware 123 Shrink tab, VMware Tools 123 sidebar panel 62 size disk 236, 249 virtual disk 30
sleep, ACPI 380 smart cards in virtual machines 358 SMP See virtual SMP snapshot 215 and Workstation 4 virtual machines 215 as background activity 206 AutoProtect 214 deleting 208, 212 disabling menu functions 369 excluding virtual disks from 207 files 97 linear process 203 parent 204 policies 418 power-off options 213 preserving AutoProtect 215 process tree 204 renaming 208, 210 restoring 211 reverting to 211 reverting to at power off 211 taking 209 team 283 using 203 snapshot manager 208 Solaris resizing guests 171 supported 32-bit guest operating systems 36 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 36 VMware Tools for 111 sound configuring 175 drivers for Windows 9x and NT guests 176
VMware, Inc.
507
Sound Blaster 176 support in guest 32 .spf file, importing 135 starting ACE Player 474, 475 Workstation 53 startup commands used by VMware Tools 130 startup scripts for ACE kiosk mode 476 using VMware Tools 129 static IP addresses clone 222 range of 317 .std file 97 stopping ACE Player 479 recording virtual machine activity 264 StorageCraft images, importing 135 streaming virtual machines 149, 230 stretch guest display setting 164 subnet changing settings 300 in NAT configuration 304 on host-only network 304 substring matching, for configuring which physical network adapter to use 410 Sun Solaris supported 32-bit guest operating systems 36 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 36 support scripts, running 76 suspend files 97 team 279 virtual machine 201
.sv2i file, importing 135 SVGA drivers installing, in older Windows guests 105 switch virtual network 285 workspaces in Linux guest 340 symmetric multiprocessing See virtual SMP system requirements 23 for guests 32 host 23
T
tabs in Preferences dialog box 67 in VMware Tools control panel 119 virtual machine 54 tape drive 361 .tar file for installing VMware Tools 109 team adding virtual machine to 276 and LAN segments 280 cloning virtual machine from 283 closing 274 creating clone in New Team wizard 272, 276 deleting 275 Ethernet adapters for 282 name change 274 network 271 new 272 no clone template 221 opening 273 overview 271 power off 279 powering on 279 removing virtual machine from 277 resume 279
508
VMware, Inc.
Index
snapshot 283 suspend 279 Telnet 318 template mode for clones 221 3D support 173 time, synchronizing, between guest and host 120 time.synchronize options for VMware Tools 121 token ring 289 toolbar customizing 61, 62 hide 369 Tools panel in the virtual machine settings editor 117 Tools upgrade options 115 troubleshooting responding to ACE hot fix requests 481 with vmware-acetool 479 Turion 64 processor 37 two-way virtual SMP 366
U
UHCI controller 31 uninstalling an ACE instance from a Linux host 473 an ACE instance from a Windows host 468 host virtual adapters 301 VMware Tools 118 Workstation on Linux host 47 Workstation on Windows host 44 Unity mode 158 update frequency 421 updates, checking for Workstation 65 updating VMware Tools 117
upgrade ACE instances 473 guest operating systems 94 on Linux host 51 on Windows host 48 on Windows Vista host 49 removing snapshots before virtual machine upgrades 47 virtual machines 94, 95 VMware Tools 115, 117 USB connecting devices 353 control of devices by host and guest 356 controller, enabling and disabling 352 device policies, ACE 411, 412 devices in a virtual machine 351 disconnecting devices 357 keyboard and mouse 351 on a Linux host 356 on a Windows host 355 port specifications 31 supported device types 351 user interface overview 54 restricted 369 UUID (universal unique identifier) and clones 219 location 217 options for when you move a virtual machine 218 specifying 218
V
VAssert API 185 version, changing virtual machine 94 VGA 171
VMware, Inc.
509
virtual adapters host virtual adapters 301 specifications for 32 virtual appliances open virtual machine format (OVF) 137 virtual disk See also disk adding to virtual machine 242, 243 allocating disk space 88 compacting 240 defined 236 defragmenting 239 expanding 240 IDE, size 30 legacy 254 mapping, to a Windows drive 198, 199 setting up as IDE or SCSI 237 shrinking 123, 240 shrinking in Netware 123 size 30 storing on physical disks 237 using in a new virtual machine 82 Virtual Disk Manager 254 .vmdk file 97 Virtual Disk Manager 254 virtual hardware CPU issues 143 disk device issues 143 Ethernet adapter issues 143 graphics card issues 143 virtual keyboard 339 virtual machine adding a virtual disk 242, 243 adding floppy drive 252 adding or modifying an Ethernet adapter 295 adding physical disk 244
adding to team 276 and SMP 366 cloning from team 283 constituent files 97 conversion 133 creating 79, 133 creating a clone 221 default location of 83 delete 158 encrypting 155 files 150 IDE drives in 30 installing software in 179 migrating 226 moving 217, 223 moving SMP virtual machines 367 name change 65 pausing 154 platform specifications 29 portability 236 power off vs. shut down 152 removing from Favorites list 64 removing from team 277 reset vs. restart 152 resuming 201 running in the background 71, 264 settings 69 shutting down 151 starting 148 starting in full screen mode 377 suspending 201 upgrade or downgrade 94 upgrading procedure 95 using snapshots 203 Virtual Machine Communication Interface (VMCI) 102 virtual machine settings editor restricting access 369 VMware Tools panel 117
VMware, Inc.
510
Index
Virtual PC, importing 135 virtual printer feature 180 virtual printer policy, ACE 414 virtual SMP 366, 367 virtual switch 285 virtual symmetric multiprocessing See virtual SMP Visual Studio installing the Workstation plug-in for 41 VIX API 185 VM streaming 149, 230 .vmc file, importing 135 VMCI Sockets interface 185 .vmdk file 97 .vmem file 97 VMI (Virtual Machine Interface) enabled kernels 93 VMnet1 312 VMnet8 317 .vmsd file 97 .vmsn file 97 .vmss file 97 .vmtm file 97 vmtoolsd program 102, 126, 130, 132 VMware ACE, key features of 382 vmware command for VM streaming 149, 230 vmware command-line program 485 VMware Converter 133, 135 VMware Player installing on a Linux host 469 quitting ACE 479 running 232 sharing virtual machines with 231 starting ACE 474 VMware Tools About tab 123 automated install 106
command-line interface 132 configuring 119 configuring in a Netware virtual machine 123 control panel 119 device drivers 102 Devices tab 122 for FreeBSD guests 112 for NetWare guests 113 for Solaris guests 111 installing from the command line with the RPM installer 109 installing from the command line with the tar installer 109 installing on Windows guests 104 modifying installation 118 Options tab 120 running scripts during power state changes 125 Scripts tab 122 Shrink tab 123 silent install 106 taskbar icon, displaying 120 uninstalling 118 updating 115, 117 using from command line 123 VMware user process 103 vmwtool commands 123 VMware Tools service executing commands on halt or reboot 128 overview of 102 passing strings from the host 129 VMware user process, in VMware Tools 103 vmware-user, starting manually 114 vmware-acetool, using 479 vmware-fullscreen log file 379 vmwtool program 123 .vmx file 97
511
VMware, Inc.
.vmxf file 97 VNC setting a keyboard map for 341 setting a virtual machine to act as a VNC server 228 VProbes 185 v-scan code defined 344 table of codes 347
W
.wav file 175 Windows 32-bit guest operating systems 33 64-bit guest operating systems 34 uninstalling on Windows host 44 upgrading on Windows host 48 upgrading to Windows Vista 49 VMware Tools for 104 Windows 95 sound driver 176 Windows 98 sound driver 176 Windows NT SCSI driver for guest 362 sound driver 176 Windows Server 2003 SCSI driver for guest 362 Windows XP SCSI driver for guest 362 Windows XP Mode 145
wizard Add Hardware 332, 363 Add Shared Folder 191 Change Version 94 Clone Virtual Machine 222 Conversion 133 New Package 449 New Team 272 New Virtual Machine 66, 80, 89 Workspace tab in preferences editor 67 workspaces location of 67 switching in Linux guest 340 Workstation checking for updates for 65 starting 53
X
X server and keyboard mapping 342 X toolkit options 486 xFree86 and keyboard mapping 342
Z
zip drives 357
512
VMware, Inc.