INTEGRATION

This chapter introduces us to the reverse process of differentiation which is called INTEGRATION.

(1.1) We can integrate function of the form where and a is a constant.

If Also if So,if

then then where

c is some constant

then

Integration is the process of finding y when we know .

If

then

where c is

some constant

If

, then

HINT : This is called indefinite integration because we cannot find the constant.

Example 1
Find y for the following :

a)
Solution:

where n=4

So use

for n=4

Raise the power by 1

Divide by the new power and dont forget to add c

b) Solution:
Remember raising the power by 1 gives -5+1= -4

Divide by the new power (-4) and add c

Example 2
Find y for the following :

a)
solution :

so

b)

Solution:

Remember

Notice that we treat

and

in the same way. We only consider the

term when integrating. So in general, If , then

(1.2) We can apply the principle of integration seperately to each of

Given , find y.

(1.3) We need to be able to use the integral sign.

The integral of is denoted by

and the formula we meet in section (1.1) is:

The elongated S means integrate.

The expression to be integrated.

This dx tells us which letter is the variable to integrate with respect to.

Example 1
a)
Solution:

(1.4) We need to simplify an expression into separate terms of the form , before we integrate.
Example 1
First multiply out the bracket.

Then apply the rule to each term.

Example 2
First,write each term in the form

Apply the rule term by term.

Then,simplify each term.

Or

Write the answer in the same form as the question.