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Introduction To Logic - Practice Exam 4 Answers
Introduction To Logic - Practice Exam 4 Answers
(Keep in mind there are always multiple ways of doing a problem. Problem #2
For each, I have given only one possible solution, usually the shortest.)
1.
x[(Fx Gx) (Hx & Ix)]
2.
Problem #1
1.
3.
x(Gx Hx)
Pr
4.
x Hx
x Fx
SHOW:
x Fx
Pr
Pr
ID
Ass
2.
x Hx
Pr
5.
6
SHOW:
3.
Ha
Pr
6.
x Fx
4 O
DD
7.
x Hx
2 O
4.
x Gx & x Gx
SHOW:
DD
5.
Hb
2 O
8.
Ha
7 O
6.
Gb Hb
1 O
9.
Fa
6 O
7.
Hb Gb
6 O
10.
Fa
9 DN
8.
Gb
5,7 O
11.
Fa Ga
10 I
9.
x Gx
4 I
12.
1 O
ID
13.
Ha & Ia
Ass
14.
Ha
DD
15.
10.
11.
12.
x Gx
SHOW:
x Gx
6
SHOW:
11 O
13.
Ga
14.
Ga Ha
1 O
15.
Ga Ha
14 O
16.
Ha
17.
18.
x Gx & x Gx
13,15 O
3,16 6I
9,10 &I
11,12 O
13 &O
8,14 6I
Problem #3
Problem #4
1.
x( Hx Fx)
Pr
1.
x Fx x Gx
Pr
2.
Pr
2.
x(Fx Hx)
Pr
3.
4.
5.
6.
Fb & Rba
Gb
SHOW:
UD
3.
CD
4.
Ass
5.
DD
6.
x(Hx Gx)
x Hx
SHOW:
x Hx
6
SHOW:
CD
Ass
ID
Ass
2 O
7.
7 O
8.
Ha
6 O
8 &O
9.
Fa Ha
2 O
1 O
10.
Ha Ga
4 O
Fb
5 &O
11.
Ga
12.
Fb
11 DN
12.
x Gx
13.
Hb
10,12 O
13.
x Gx
14.
Gb
9,13 O
14.
x Fx
15.
Fa
16.
Ha
17.
7.
8.
9.
Gb Hb
10.
Hb Fb
11.
DD
8,10 O
11 I
12 DN
1,13 O
14 O
9,15 O
8,16 6I
Problem #5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Problem #6
x Fx
x(y Rxy Gx)
SHOW:
y Ray Ga
SHOW:
y Ray
Ga
SHOW:
Pr
1.
Pr
CD
2.
x Fx
Pr
Ass
3.
UD
4.
CD
Ass
DD
8.
Fb
3 O
9.
Fb y(Gy Ryb)
1 O
10.
y(Gy Ryb)
11.
Ga Rab
12.
Rab
13.
Rab
14.
Ga
x Hx
SHOW:
x Hx
5.
6
SHOW:
6.
x Hx
7.
Fa
8.
x Fx
SHOW:
x Fx
9.
6
SHOW:
10.
8,9 O
10 O
6 O
11.
Fa
12.
ID
Ass
DD
4 O
2 O
ID
Ass
DD
9 O
7,11 6I
12 DN
13.
1,8 O
11,13 O
14.
Gb & Hb
13 O
15.
Hb
14 &O
16.
Hb
17.
6 O
15,16 6I
Problem #7
Problem #8
1.
x y Lyx
Pr
1.
Rab
Pr
2.
Pr
2.
Pr
3.
x Lxx
SHOW:
DD
3.
4.
y x Rxy
SHOW:
y x Rxy
ID
4.
y Lya
1 O
5.
Lba
4 O
5.
6.
2 O
z Lbz Lcb
6.
y x Rxy
4 O
7.
6 O
7.
y x Rxy
4 O
8.
z Lbz
5 I
8.
y x Rxy
6 O
9.
Lcb
9.
y x Rxy
7 O
10.
z Lcz Lcc
11.
z Lcz
12.
Lcc
13.
x Lxx
7,8 O
(y x Rxy y x Rxy)
6
SHOW:
Ass
DD
6 O
10.
z Raz
9 I
10,11 O
11.
y(Rya z Rza)
12.
x Rxa
8 O
12 I
13.
x Rxa
9 O
14.
x Rxa
12 O
15.
x Rxa
13 O
16.
Rca
14 O
17.
Rda
15 O
18.
Rda
17 DN
19.
Rda z Rza
11 O
20.
z Rza
21.
Rca
22.
1 I
2,10 O
18,19 O
20 O
16,21 6I