Total Development Paradigm: The Layer Cake Model

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Total Development Paradigm

The Layer Cake Model

Economic Base
Agriculture Manufacturing Mining Forestry Tourism & Retirees Call Centers

Industrial Development

Economic Development

Physical Infrastructure

Major Forces and Trends

Water & Sewer Roads & Streets Utilities Industrial Parks

Telecommunications Inter-Modal Facilities Waste Recycling & Disposal

Community Development

Support Systems
Health Care Retail Sector Housing Education Recreation and Parks Community Foundations Economic Dev. Org. Financial Sector

Human and Social Capital


Attitudes & Values Work Ethic Community Spirit Churches Family Stability Knowledge & Skills Social Trust & Cohesion Civic & Youth Clubs

Leadership Infrastructure
Source: Mark Peterson Extension Specialist University of Arkansas

Strategic Vision Empowering Others Leadership Skills Local Government

Leadership Training Community Dev. Org. Knowledge of Resources & Major Trends

Environment and Natural Resources

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