2002

4 . .
1 (20 )
) .
)
.
)
. , ,
.
) .
(
)
.
2 (25 )
() ,
,
.
,
,
.
()

; [
, ,
.]
3 (25 )
.
.
(r ,) ,
r .
:

2 kv
r

( v , , k ).
2 ,
:

 r = h 2 e 2 kt r 3 ( r + kr ) ,
h . h ;

r 2 = he kt

<< 1 (

;)
:
r = ae 2 kt , = e 3kt .
t > 0 .
;
;

= a 3 2

4 (30 )
m
a .

.

e3

e1
,

x
x = a ( sin ,0,cos ) x
.

e 2

, e 1 e 2
.

: mge3
(
).
:
+

g
(1 cos ) sin = 0 ,
a

a 2
.
g
V () :

1 2
+ V ( ) = .
2

V () .
V () ; < 1
: = 0 = > 1 :
1
= cos 1 . .

> 1 .


1: () , 1 :
, 2 :
,
, 3 :

.
() ,

( ). ,

.
() .

.

( )

m1 x1 = F1 = F12 + F13 + .... + F1N + F1

( )

m x = F = F + F + .... + F + F
2

21

23

2N

.....

( )

m N x N = FN = FN 1 + FN 3 + .... + FN 1 N + FN

, 3 ,

Fij , F ji

m x
i

= Fi ( ) M = F

,
.
()

.
2 .
2
() ( )

GM (r )m
F =
er ,
r2
4
3

3
M(r) r. M ( r ) = r .

4
4
F = Gmr er = Gmr .
3
3

,
4
3

2
F = F Gmr = m r .

4
G .
3

, , ,
. ,
4
1
G R 3 2 = g . =
3
R

g/R

=1.26x10-3 rad/s. (T=83.1 min).

()
GM (r )
GM (r ' )
r , r ' . =
.
, ' =
3
r
r '3

2
M ' r3
1

d '

1 + 4r dr
=
=

1
=

M r '3
r 'r

dr
r 'r
M

3 4 r 3

2r 3 M

1
2r 2 3 1
1

1
=

M 2r
=
dr
1 + 3r 1 dr

= 0 (1 ar ) ,
r3
r4
.
M = dr 4r 2 = 40

a
3
4

d 3 1 ar
3
a

=
1 =

.
dr
2r 1 3ar / 4
8(1 3ar / 4 )

.
, , ,
.
3

d2
d
F = mr = m 2 (rer ) = m (rer + re r ) = m(rer + 2re r + rer ) .
dt
dt

er = e , er = e 2 er .
2

Fr = m(r r 2 )
.
F = m( 2r + r)

m=1, F = F kv = 2 er k (rer + re ) .
r

kr =
2

2
r
r
r

1 d
=
+
=

kr
2r
r
r dt

)
(r
2

) (

d
r 2 = k r 2 r 2 = he kt .
dt

.
2 .
= a 32
. k /
.

 ,
, h = a 2 ,
a 4 2 e 2 kt = a 4 2 e 2 kt 2a 4 k 2 e 8 kt

k / ,

. r,
.
.
v = r = ae 2 kt , . ,
!

. ,
.
4
x3
x1

x = a (sin ,0,cos ) .
,

(cos ,0, sin ) + 2 ( sin ,0, cos ) .

x = a (cos ,0, sin ), x = a

e 1 = e2 , e 2 = e1

mx = mge3 + R

2
x = d ( a sin e a cos e ) =
1
3
dt 2

a 2 sin + cos 2 sin e1 + (2 cos )e2 + ( 2 cos + sin )e3

(cos,0, sin ) ,

[(

[(

] (

ma 2 sin + cos 2 sin cos + ( 2 cos + sin ) sin = mge3 + R (cos ,0, sin )

ma( 2 sin cos ) = mg sin

g
+ (sin sin cos ) = 0
a
(

.)

2 / 2 + ( g / a )( cos + cos 2 ) =
4

.
,
: sin sin cos = 0 sin = 0, cos = 1 / .
:
cos cos 2 .
=0, V = ( g / a )(1 ) , <1, >1
=, V = ( g / a )(1 ) < 0 ,
=cos-1(1/), V = ( g / a )

( 1) 2

, >1.

,
1
V V ( 0 ) + V ( 0 ) ( 0 ) 2
2

1
2 / 2 + V ( 0 ) ( 0 ) 2 =
2
=

g
( 1)
a