, 2010

o or nmcxn snx
Elementare philosophie des modernen rosenkreuzes
nrnnanno sarnan:
Elementaire wijsbegeerte van het moderne rozenkruis
o xonancxo nsann 1950 r.
nrnannonanna mxona na narnnx osnxon
xronym osnxynnanym
annm:
Bakenessergracht 11-15, Haarlem, Niederlande
www.lectoriumrosicrucianum.org
www.lectorium-rosicrucianum.bg
ISBN 978-954-92685-1-5
2010 , ,
1950
asn xnnra nnasnauna sa onsn, xonro, nornxann or cnomna sa nn nnmn, oxcrn xnor,
ncxar a c onnrnar Vnncannara ]nnoco]nx na osnxonnr. xannro ncranxa
naorxa na nonna or nxnnn, nsncnn nnoa 1944/1946 r. no ]omara na xyco.
xa rasn xnnra namn cox nr xm mnororo rcmn n nomorn ram, xro roa c om smoxno.

oraro ns 1950 r. nsns noro nsann na !" #$%&%"% $'%($)*%$, n

an axnor nannca nx, u om nn 25 ronnn arcroro na narnnx osnxon nocranno
ocnoara na no naxrnucxo, rnocrnuno-ranc]nryncrnuno yunn sa 20-n n 21-n x. ,n c omam
xm ac or nmro na arcroro na narnnx osnxon n n cram a onr nnmann na nronr
]nnoco]cxn, ynncannn, rnocrnunn nsn.
nnrara, xoxro n ncraxm cra, cxa onncann na nara xauxa no rnocrnunnx nr, a nmnno
]asara na onnrnan Vnncannara ]nnoco]nx. ror nscna n oxcnxa snaunnro na smnara
nnoa n x cnocrax c xaucrara na nonauannara oxcrna nnoa. scnannxra my ca asnann
xy ,rxanro na +oma ,s-.hikon (carnara xa na ymara), sa xoro om xnacnucxnr
osnxonn roonxa mann]crnr or 1614 1616 r. axa ro nsnara nn xcn n ynrnn srn sa
nrx, xoro cmcrya om or nonsxoa na uoucroro. oa nrxr, no xoro scmrnara yma
csxa n rxa a cnyxn xaro nocnnx mxy uoxa n yxa.
anxsann ca xonrynr na nn coxarn rnocrnun nnan sa asnrn na nxnoro uoucro. cra,
nourn nononn x cn noxara na noro nsann, craa xcno, u ymnr na aroa n ca nsrynnn nnmo or
coxra cnna. Xnsnnara ]oma, xoxro ro sacrna, mxymnno cranana axryanna sa mnosnna. oa,
xoro no nroo m nno no-ronxmara cn uacr c om cxnro, cra ocrnno sa cxn.
!" #$%&%"% $'%($)*%$ cxa orara nn]omannx sa onsn, xonro rcxr ncrnncxnx
nr, orxnxxn cxxaxa nsmama, sanya n nxa. n an axnor nscna n onnca xaxn cnnn c
xnxr sa ora, nrarnnnx oxynrnsm n acronornxra nonxrnx, uacr or xonro ca rmnnn xaro mnym,
maxano n yrn noonn. n nononn x manxo c room sa raxna nma. ymara ,naanomanno
m nourn nnosnara, a raxa naunnr ,cxcrcrnn xnnnx c nnuncnxaxa xm cnnnrnsma,
xnnnosara n marnrnsma.
a a nocoun asnnxara mxy nrx, no xoro xoara xr cra, n rosn, no xoro n rxano a xr,
aror xcno onnca snomanoro scrn na nnxornna, anxoxona n ccrara, xonro asmnxar nnn
samrnxar csnannro. o oxcnxa cmo raxa samo cmnnnxr osnxon nxma ornomnn xm
nonnrnxara. xcnnnxra sa cxamanro na cmnnnr osnxonn sa rxonannro na uomxnx
o, sa ornomnnxra mxy mxa n xnara, sa monnrara n nnnxra, ncranxar no cxonm or
snnna nn]omannx. onxrnnr yxasannx na aroa n camo ocrnxar mncnnro, no n ocooxaar
]nnoco]cxoro nxan or cnxynannn. nocrnunnxr nr nr na noro.
!" #$%&%"% $'%($)*%$ mox a c asrnxa xaro nara ]asa or nn
ron nnan. ara xauxa nscnanro na nonr smoxnocrn sa uoucroro. roara ]asa xcno c
ouraa nnra, a rrara c noxasa naxrnucxnxr nr, no xoro rasn nn mox a nocrnrnara.

I
,
V
a a cn nsran nscrna ncraa sa ]nnoco]nxra na cmnnnr osnxonn, nnrcyamnxr c
unrarn n mox a c saoonn c no noxnocrno sanosnaan. o rxa a csnaa, u sanoua no
ryno nscnan, nsncxamo nxnoro my nnmann n noxo ocmncnxn. nnoco]nxra na osnxonnr
n nan nanmnnx xy xnora om, a asrnxa xnora na yunnxa. x mnoro nnuna n saroa
unrarnxr mnoro ucro m nma ycmanro, u yxonara mxona c oma nnoccrno xm nro.
asna c rosn noxo nma n conr n mnoro nnxrnn crann, samoro smoxno a noon uycra na
rnx n asasnnn. ouno noan roa oau ro nnounram, samoro unrarnxr rxa a
osnoxon, yunnxr marnan rxa cnnno a ro anraxna, a ro araxya n a scra nn cnuxo
xy nronr nnrnxryannn nnrcn. cxn, xoro c sanosnaa c ncrnncxara nnrarya na
osnxonnr, rxa o a as, u sa crynnnnr na yxonara mxona n axno a
moncrnar nnrarynn nnn nayuno-rornunn rananrn, sa a noxar smnn n marnannn nnrcn, a
a mar aorara cn cnyxa na yxonara mxona on n roraa, xoraro rasn nocr nannno c
nornonocrax na rxnnr nnunn n marnannn nnrcn, xaxro nouro cnyuan.
snnnxaxn coxra mncnx, corrcrama na yxonoro my ccroxnn, aror cnrncra n
uoucroro nmro na nnxoro crnnnno arcro, nscrno no mnoro nmna, xaro nannm yxona
mxona na arcroro na o]anrnr, ncrnna mxona na Xncroc o]anr, rmnara nxa, n
na nxncx, n na osara n cra n mnoro yrn.
no nac yunnxr, sanosnaaxn c c rasn xnnra, rxa a x nouycra raxa, cxxam arcroro c o-
ma nxrno xm nro. n rosn xonraxr nnunocrra na aroa n orannsannonnnxr anaar na xronym
osnxynnanym nsnxno orcrnar na san nnan.
oa oxasa, u arcroro, sa xoro nn ncxam a cnrncram, n nxxaxo cyxnn, orannsannx
nnn nxon nncrnryr. n roonm sa na Bxona. nsyuaaxn rasn xnnra, n nscrn cmncn c
namnar nnoro n. o nonxrnro mxona ryx rxa a c asna no asnnun naunn. nx
nnunocrra n c ynaxnxa us nnrnxryannn mron, n c rnna nonornunoro mosuno csnann; ryx
nxma nsnnrn n n c asaar nnnomn.
Bxonara na osnxonnr annna xm rnr cnoconocrn na uoxa, xonro nroara uyna
mnxoxocmnuna cncrma c namnar narnrno ccroxnn. Bxonara c onnra a cyn rsn rn
cnoconocrn n a rn nn crn nxn mnoroonnr nuxn. Bom yunnxa c nsxn nmo or
rsn rn cnoconocrn, mxy nro n Bxonara snnxa xnanara sxa. oraa yunnxr nxa, asna n
nsxnxa cnuxo, xoro Bxonara my naa, cnuxo, c xoro rx nnoccrno ro csa.
oraro roa ]ynamnranno csan nocrnrnaro, yunnxr ccm csnarnno asna noxonmocrra
n nonsara or cnuxo, xoro Bxonara ro cra. axa craa xcno, u Bxonara n ncrax na nonynxna
xa, a on o no xcno n nosnrnno snann n cmncn na narynan na ]axrnucxn marnan n ormn,
yunnx, xnnorsn n r.n., xonro xana cmrxa ornoo ocraxr uoxa c nasnn n, a no asnan,
nosnn, no rmno nnrxann norasnmo n aconmrno.
oraro sxara mxy Bxonara na osnxonnr n sannrcyannx unrarn c ocmcrxa na rasn
ocnoa, u n mox a craa yma sa aronrr nnn noxnocrno cnan, a sa rmno nosnann, sa
csnarnno cnan na nn nr, xoro rmno asnosnar xaro ncrnnn.
n narnrnn cnoconocrn rxa a c cyxr xnora na yunnxa:
cnoconocrra na na noa onx;
cnoconocrra na na noa mocr;
cnoconocrra na na noa nocr.
uoxr nnrxaa onx, no, or na crana, rx asxonnnrnana, a or yra xcnnmnranna, nnn
cnxynarnna. synrarr or no ono ycnnn nnxora n mox a nnn cc cnrynocr. o axo
cnyuano ycnm, nonycxam crannunnr xnnnx nnn nocncrnxra or no nryanno nnsnxano
nornoun. ro samo uoxr oran or crax n rnxn cncrn na xnora, xoro on cno
cocrnara cn onx. uomxara onx nnxora n ocooxaama n ocn roa nnarn csana c xra.
oa osnauaa, u onxra aconmrno sancnma or cnnnr n smoxnocrnr, sanoxnn xra.
uoxr asnonara n c nscrna mocr, xoxro ryx rxa a c asna xaro nnrnxryanna cnoconocr,
xaro asymno-mosun xanannrr. Vunnxr asna, u nxn rsn cnoconocrn, uox nannno sancnm
or nmnnr, r.. or nnmnr rnnsmnn xnnnx. nanasno nnnxra c xasa:
,a ora uomxara mocr rnynocr. conmrnoro nosnann nnxora n mox a c nocrnrn or uox,
xnm us crnara. oa, xoro xoara nanuar mocr, ]oma na nanmnn, ycono or namnr
crnnn orann, nonnxno n ocaxarno or snnrannro n or ccroxnnro na xra.
uoxr asna cmo raxa n nxxaxa nocr. o synrarr or rasn nocr n nn ucro r
nuann? nma rasn nocr nmo nou or axrnnocr sa,xnx n snnma? uomxara nocr
onxnono nsnxno no snaxa na oara sa cmcryan, na ,nxaan na mro, nryanno c manxo
yxona omanrnxa cxn cno nornocrnr cn.
nnncroro or onx, mocr n nocr, nsxnn smnara nnoa, csano ocn roa n c nn ornn
nnon nncrnnxr, naun nunn, xnann. oa rnnncro, csano c xnannxra nnn nnonnr
nncrnnxrn, cmo raxa orroono sa asnrnro na nonornunoro csnann, na csnannro na asa. a-
rnnnunoro xaucro na roa csnann cyrxaanro. ronsmr n xnannro ca nsxnmunrnno
cnxynarnnn n nnocroxnnn. oraro xoara c asouaoar or onnnn onnrnocrn, r c nxnxr or nn
oxr na yr n nonxra cn nocro xonrnnar c nnonoxnnx n yrn ncrnrnnn oasn. ourn cnuxn
nnrnosnn nonn ca synrar or onnrn sa cyrxaan n saoonxan na xnannro.
xo yunnxr xcno ocsna roa ccroxnn, ro n rxano a nouycra noxonmocrra or ]ynamnrann
oar. o n rxano a c orarn or cramnoro cn ccroxnn n cncrn na roa a c onnra a
nyrannsna xnannro n crmxa cn xm cyrxaan.
yx mox a snnxn nocr xax mox a nocrnrnara rasn nyrannsannx. Vunnxr nou n
rxa a xna cranx cn naunn na xnor. o rxa a c orxax or narynanara ncomocr n a c
orrrnn or amarnunara nra na ronsma n xnannro.
xxon xoa ca ccroxnn c nxora a nsmar ]ynamnranna nomxna, xoraro craa noc sa ocra
nnaunoro ccroxnn na nnrnxra, nayxara n nsxycroro. cmnno r ocsnaar cnxynarnnocrra na
nnrnosnnr xnnorsn, nnncara na ocooxaama cnna nsxycroro, xaxro n snaxnocrra n
carannsma nayxara. o mnoro no-ryno uox a c ocoon or nnonnr cn nncrnnxrn, samoro ro
or nnoara n nnoara. nonnr nncrnnxrn nn nnsar xm cranx xnor mnoro nou or
nnrnxra, nayxara n nsxycroro.
roa ornomnn yunnxr n rxa a c camosanra. onxxora mox cnnno a c asrnn, xoraro craa
yma sa nnxrcrnx, namnamn c nsn nro, no mnoro no-o n nno a c on cmy cnuxo, xoro ro
sacramaa r camnx nro. Vunnxr na osnxoncxara mxona rxa cxnnno a cn nnnomnx
roa. a smm nannm amnnnnr sa omcrna nsxa. ox n rouno ryx yunnxr m roro a
san ,yxonnx mu. cn roa, nannn n yxacxamara sanya na asa.
r nncmnr amnnnn n sanyara na asa nonsnnsa nocrra na or na-xoannr snnnn na
uoucroro. ancrra n nocrra ca na ,xocr, xaxro xasa ncanmncrr ,cn na ncnnr, n roon
sa nn ,nyracnm orn. nocrra ocan, rx nnsnxa yncrna, snomana omasa.
aroa norr na mocrra onomon xasa, u uoxr, sanaxn or rsn nnonn nncrnnxrn ,n sma n
naa sa orxyn, n c saoonxa c noann, nsancnmo xonxo ronmn ca r, ra on n cam or a my noa
xa, sa a ro ns na nro. o ncxa nncrno ynnmoxnnro na coxra xra us ornx na
nocrra.
synrara or roa ro nanua ,cnannocr.
aroa ]ynamnrannara nomxna rxa a araxya nounna cnuxn nnonn nncrnnxrn na uoxa.
Vunnxr rxa a sanoun oara cc camnx c cn na oa na xnor n cmr!
ynamnrannara nomxna ocnoa sa noyxanro na rnr non cnoconocrn, sa xonro roon yxonara
mxona. o na noa onx, sananna or; roo na noa mocr, xoxro oxcnxa oxnx nnan; rro
na noa nocr, xoxro on o ocmcrxanro na oxnx nnan.
sn rn nonca, xonro yxonara mxona ocmcrxa or camoro nauano sano c yunnxa, ca xnmur xm
no noo nrn, xm nonca na nooaxan, xoro c ccron nxnara ]nnoco]nx na cmnnnr
osnxonn. cmcrxanro na rsn rn nonca sancn or ]ynamnrannara nomxna n or roa, ann
csnannro c om nma cnomn sa nonauannoro nnrxann na yxa uoxa.
sxara n scrnro na rosn cnomn morar a ar ocxnxamn, oxanxaryxamn nnn on
sacramaamn, no ro axa uoxa c na nnsxna cxnonnocr xm nscnan na cxnrara crana na
xnnnxra xnora. cncrn na rosn nacnomn uox c crmn a cn oxcnn nmara n nocrnnno c
asna na nnamnuna cnoconocr, xoxro m my nomorn a noon mnoroonnr nuxn, rynocrn n
cnornnnnx, xoraro u asan rx.
yxonara mxona asna yunnxa noara onx us /01! '(, noara mocr us !"
/01! '(, noara nocr us 2$3%" /01! '(4
/01!" '( oxcrnara nx, xoxro nxn ocnoara na cra n uoucroro.
5!" /01! '( naa rasn oxcrna nx na yunnxa. x ocrxa nrooro csnann
n my nomara a nos sxanara cn oranunocr or yxonara onna, asxcnxa my uomxoro nann
no ornomnn na oxcrnara nx n ro axa c xcna ncraa sa oarnnx nr.
6$3%" /01! '( ocmcrxanro na oxcrnara nx, cyonxr, nymonnm oarn nr
cnomxanro na uomxara nnoa n nnnr nncrnnxrn n asnrnro na nonx uox.
yxonnxr saxon mox a naun n or, or xoro nn cm c ornnnn. nnoco]nxra na yxonnx
saxon Xncroc, xoro nonsnnsa or amara c sxana nmo, xoro sa cnacnnro nn c cnycna nn nac
nanannr n c ocran a nnnn or marnxra. nnaranro na yxonnx saxon xaro rnx yx, xoro
noxaa n ocmcrxa nonca na nooaxan. crnncxara yxona mxona mox a c asnosna no roa, u
rx nnxora n nan xomnomncn no ornomnn na rosn ron nonc!
a unrarnx, xoro sma cnuxn rsn nma no nnmann, rasn xnnra nma asxcnnrnn xaaxr. xo nxxo
no-xcno noxna a crnn Bxonara xaro yunnx, rxa xcno a ocsna, u rx nocrax nsncxan sa nn
nonc na nuncramo n rnnamo onoxan. s roa nsncxan rx n n nna yxona mxona.
ncrnnara mxona na osnxonnr xna a c cx c cnuxn nnrcyamn c n a cxnmun c rxx
cms na aconmrno coona, moxarnuna ocnoa. oa, xoro Bxonara ouaxa or yunnnnr, ro
moncrna c nonnro cn, c xnsnnoro cn ccroxnn. a yunnxa n c nnara nnmo, xoro ro n n
morn a nocrnrn!
yxonara mxona no aorno non, xoro c axar na. cncrn na roa us rnr cnnn, xonro
c nsnuar or Bxonara, yunnxa c cyxar rnr cnxmn nro ccroxnnx. us sanmocrnro mxy
rsn rn cmnn cnnn n yunnxa, ro sanoua a xna roa, xoro xna Bxonara, a sna roa, xoro rx
sna, n a mn roa, xoro rx mn, c ncnomnma ncnnnnnna n ooonno nocnymann.
oro no rosn naunn asna mncrnnr na osnxoncroro n rmno rn nsxnxa, oymn
or ronxm nrycnasm n cnx or nyxornma nrnx n noxa aocr. ronxmo cmnnn ro sacraa n
nnosnaamnx orn na /01! '(. o cron c nsnana rnaa n crnnnara na Vnncannara
nmo, samoro oxocnar or !" /01! '(. o ouaxa c mnoxo asronn n
cmnoro xmaan xnoronara oa na oxcrnara rnannx, samoro 2$3%" /01!
'( nsncxa nxnoro my nnmann n coranocr.
II
X X
VX B
ra noxonmo a asrnam no-ornnso yxonara mxona n a ncranm no-xonxrno nnara na
n norn acraxrna cronocr.
yxonara mxona c nsxxar n asrmar rnr cnnn, nnnncann na nnxoro oxcro or cnuxn
cronn nnrnn. 78%"%" ! c csa c nonxrnro ,rn, 78%"%" &#9$" c nonxrnro
,nn n 78%"%" 9%)" c nonxrnro ,rn yx. aroa yxonara mxona nn c csam c or
n rnr cnnn, nonsnnsamn or ro. yxonara mxona nn c nnnnxaam o amara, oro nn cma
nna n nn nacuaa no nrx na nooaxanro us rnx yx.
yxonara mxona yunnxr c cma nnoccrno cc rnx yx, c Vrmnrnx, xoro cnrncra
sa ncyc Xncroc. yxonara mxona yunnxr nsxnxa cmara c crnrnnnx Xncroc, a roa osnauaa
ocoon or ncronucxnr n nnnn c nascnn ormarnunn amxn. yxonara mxona yunnxr
onosnaa amnnoro cn, xoro c asxna na sarynnnx c n ornoo namn cnn.
yx n craa yma sa mncrnunn xanmnnnannn, sa sorroono nsnacxn na yxonara mxona, a sa xcno
nosnann n onnn naunn na mncnn, xaro c naxam, u m moxm a oxaxm roa no-nararx. a a
mox yunnxr a cxan asymnnr nnunnn sa namro cranonm, ro rxa a roro a mncnn
nsancnmo, coon or rannnn n aronrrn.
n rnm, u cnuxn mnoroxonn cnxynannn no ornomnn na or, Xncroc n rnx yx morar a
ar asnuann n or yxonara mxona. n us nx nonxrnro or n nosnannro sa rooro
cmcryan nonyuaar na saa nayuna ocnoa.
axn ca ncranr na uoxa or nnrnosnnr cn sa or, Xncroc, rnx yx n yrnr cnnn, sa xonro
c roon nnnxra? Xoara c nonsnacxr mnoro snmno sa rxx n c ronxma ynocr no ornomnn na
rxxnoro cmcryan, a ronornxra cmxra, u rn nosnaa no-cnnnanno. cnuxo roa oau ncma crnn
cnxynarnno xan, ocnoano na nxonn nnn nncxn aronrrn. crnrnnocr xoara n snaxr
nnmo!
axo sna n xaxo nsxnxa nnrnosnnxr uox no ornomnn na or n ronr oxcrnn cnnn? xo
uox nanan anna anocmrxa na nnunnr cn cxn onnrnocrn, nxma a ocran nourn nnmo, ocn
xcnnmnrn, monnn n noronnx. acncrnocrra, noxxama c ccroxnnro na xra, n
nnxcnaroro oxnxan na na xonxrnna mncnona ]oma ca noxnr nnunnn sa nnrnosnnx xnor
na macnr.
annnr n nryanno xamonnunoro mnnano, nn mncrnun om n nxxon mncrnunn sanoxn nn xaar a
noxam nnoxrnarn nmnoro n cnxynarnnoro. xo cm orxonn oau, rxa a nnsnam, u
cnuxo roa nn ocrax c nasnn n.
n cm ynn, u us yxonara mxona nononnuarnxr arnsm n omoro nnrnosno cranonm na
so xoa m namxr cox xa. nnanoro na nxara n nxonara naxrnxa, nonnro na
cmnnnnr n yrnr yxonn nnna, xannro na raxa naunnr ,xamn oruyxn mnosnna or
ncrnncxara nnrnx n csa nxxon onacrn no n nnrnosno noxonnn. rnnannro na rsn
nxamn nma rouno ronxoa cronocr, xonxoro n nnsnannro na raxa naunnr xamn.
n cm na mnnn, u cra n mox nnn u n mox a c roon sa nnrnx ncmnx,
cnacnrnnnx cmncn. aroa na ccm noa nnrnosna onnrannx n no noo yxono ocsnaan
rxa a nonaxr nr xm ncrnncxoro yxono nsnran na cra n uoucroro.
onxo noo n coxarno rxa a roa nnrnosno onnrnan ncrnncxn rcmnxr uox mox a
as camo us noxo nsyuaan na Vnncannoro yunn, xoro nsnara yxonara mxona.
us yxonara mxona nn ycmam crnro n nnccrnro na rnr scmn oxcrnn cnnn n
rxnnr craannx n rnxn sa nac n cra. us nx nn ocmcrxam na sxa c rsn rn cnnn, raxa u
moxm a cnrncram or nnun onnr, or nnuno nxan n snann sa or nacroxmro, sa or nac n
cra. a rasn nn nn n c nyxam or nnraryn nnn nxon aronrr n n moxm a ro nam nnn
narannm na namnr na.
Vunnxr na osnxoncxnr mncrnn m as, u nn n nxxam nrnnnn a xam
nonxrn sa aconmrnnx or. n camo cnrncram sa ,or, nsxn nnrra, r.. sa oxcrnnr cnnn,
xonro moxm a onosnam n a nsxnm us oxcrnoro oxocan.
orocr nnarn c oxasa us coro ronn n conr csannx. xoraro n orxnr no xax
naunn o c oxasa us coro ronn n conr csannx,
roraa m asr cmmnno n oxcrnnx cnacnrnn nonc, xoro o cmo ncxa a nn nsxn.
na raxaa nsxa nnxora n mox a nocrana rannnn n ormn. x n mox a nsnoxna
xnnra, nnxora n mox a c nsasn c no nncrno cnoo. aroa rosn, xoro noma no nrx na
mncrnnr, ocraa nnarn yunnx. rooro nosnann nnarn ocraa sa orxonnro. xo nxxo yunnx
oau c xonnnrna xy nosnannro, no my nnnca oronocr sa orxonnro, ro na oxanar or
saxocrnxnocrra na nnrnxryannsma.
nnnxaanro xm oxnxra mocr osnauaa uno nryan or xonsonr xm xonsonr. a rasn
]nnoco]cxa ocnoa osnxonnr xnaxr a nsnnnxar aorara cnyxa na uoucroro.
axa or nauanoro na mnara cmcrya na oxcrna axnx, xoxro c noxxa # n :$%' xoara.
rasn orouomxa axnx cra ronara nsxa na or, sa xoxro u roonxm.
asn axnx xnmua cnuxn onsn, xonro nnn ca c snornnnn na ronxmoro nsxymnn, nnunnnno
uomxoro nann maunoro mnnano, nnn ca c cnacnnn n ca ycnnn a c sanar ncnara onna.
asn axnx c namna mnoro nnso o nac. x oasya xnoro rxno na or. nonxnn na onn rx
c asnna xaro nn morm orannsm n craa c no-cnnna, samoro xm rosn snmn orannsm c
nncnnxar c nou xnn uacrn.
xaro axnxra nnarn corrcrn c oxnro cmcro n oxnx nnan, rx nnsmnno c nnx n
osaxa or nnxnr xocmnunn n nnrxocmnunn ronunn oxcrnn cnnn. aroa mox a c rn, u
yunnxr x nsxnxa xaro na noxa ncrnna: ,or c nsxnn na uoucroro us axnxra.
o-nararx na unrarnx m cran xcno, u axnxra nonsnnsa or uoucroro n rxmo noan roa
noxa mnoro cnnna xna sxa c cnuxn, xonro c nyrar smnara nnoa. oxcrnnr cnnn,
xonro cn cnyxar c rasn axnx, cmo noxar xna sxa c nxnoro uoucro. aroa
Xncroara nocr, xaro nsxa na oroca, n mox ncronucxn a c orannun c na xnnxonrna
noxa. x no oxocan o unocrra. ncyc Xncroc nn nxam nn no nmnync na Xncroara
cnna, na noa Xncroa nsxa c nomomra na axnxra. mmnno ncycoara nsxa oma
nnmannro nn xm no ncannmo cmno cnrn, samoro ncyc c ocmcrxa na-rcnnxr
xonraxr mxy oxnxra cnna n uomxara xna cnna. ncyc nn or nac! aroa asnamnxr
yunnx mox a xax: , ncyc Xncroc cmo n Xncroc crana nn or nac. rroraa oxcrnara
axnx mox c nnno nao a c nanua n Xncroa axnx.
ro samo rasn Xncroa axnx, nnn yxona mxona, nn morm n snmn xn orannsm,
ccroxm c or mnoroonn uacrn, xonro no yx n crmx ncranxar no nxno, nxn u
nnrxaar nsnno asnra nnnnyannocr. Xncroara axnx, nnn yxonara mxona, nonnxa
cnuxn onacrn na yxa n marnxra. x xna n scma. n x naxoxm: ,or, nsxn nnrra.
x ,cnuxo n cnuxo. x n mox a nnrnara or nnxo uomxo cmcro. x csaa no
noxonmocr rx, nncrnara mxona, nncrnara smoxnocr sa ncrnncxo cnacnn.
ra u moxm a ]omynnam nsxasanro, s a ocranm nnrcyamnx c nuarnnnro sa
rcnorn n cxranrcro. asn ]omynnoxa nma sa nn a ocrnrn no nxn nrnma o cnnnara na
Vnncannoro Xncroo craann. annno nornuno cn Xncroara nsxa yxonara mxona a nocn
nmro na ocnon xcr n a nornxa yunnnnr a nnxnxr unara osa na nocrnrnarara nn
cnro na rosn xcr.
Vunnxr n rxa a c cnna na ncronucxnr cnrnx n a nmonnrcra xax nno roa nnn onoa.
my noxonmo a asrnxa no nyna rxcronx marnan, a a c ncrannna c aconmrno cnoxocrn or
cnuxn ]nnoco]cxn n ronornunn ncnyrn n cnoo. xa yrn a nscnar yxonoro asnnnnn rosn
cxr n a c nnyar or noca xo nnrxaa ncrnnara n xo n. a nsyuaamnx mncrnnr n
noxonmo a c sannmaa c ormarnunn nxnnn n a ronn ronornunn anro ynncnrrnr, sa a nma
nao na mnnn no rsn nocn.
uoucroro ryx n cra cmcrya no nsxxamo c, xno axnuno Xncroo cmcro,
ccroxmo c or mnoxcro unno. oa raxa naunara ,nnnma nxa, nsnuama crnnna n cnaa
cnuxn onacrn na marnxra n yxa. nxo n mox a c nsnnsn or scrnro na roa cmcro,
samoro c nomomra na na nsnno nnrnnrnrna n o orannsnana cncrma cnuxn xoa nar
nonnxnn nnnxrno or yxonara mxona.
cn roa ocmcrxanro na nxrna sxa c axnxra na arcroro smoxno roraa, xoraro
yunnxr nnrxaa cnomna sa nnmnoro, nsryno uomxo nnxonnn, xaxro n roronocrra sa
]ynamnrann oar. xo rasn roronocr c oxasa c rnnno, nocroxnno n xno xnsnno nonn,
yunnxr n no nrx, om o csan c yxonara mxona. asn sxa osnauaa, u ro m nnr
Xncroara axnx, m no xno sno Xncroara nxa.
smoxno xasanoro oryx a nosyun na unrarnx manxo uyxo. s cnuxn mna oau roa nno
nscrno, maxa n ucro nnxnro nnn nnnauno, nnn nno na nxanno xcn, no nxn roa
nasnam snx. cnuxn cronn nnrnn cnrncrar sa cmcryanro na axnxra, na oxnro
rxno, nsxxamo c n us uoxa. cnuxn nnrnn ca nosnaann n nasoaann nnunocrn, nnnanxamn
xm rosn xn orannsm, n xonro ca crann n ca c crmnn cmna cxrocr n cnna.
cnuxn nnrnn ca nosnaann cox nanron na ocoonnr. ucro roa nno nnunna sa nnannnn n
nsnno onacnn nonoxnnx. a smm nannm nmcxnx xaronnnnsm c nronx cnoxon xynr xm
crnnr n nxonara my naxrnxa, nn xoxro or uncro sornuno coonn n cno nxonara nonnrnxa
nxxon nnunocrn nnn nosrnacxann sa nnnanxamn xm Xncroara axnx, oxaro yrn, xonro nxa
nmann mnoro no-cnosnn nnunnn a nxxr noonn nrnnnn, ca nnn xann nacrana or ,nanrona
na xaronnucxara nxa.
axa us smno coonn n or nxonn nnrcn csan n asnr nn nanron. axa snnxna na
nxona axnx xaro nmnrannx na Xncroara.
rasn sxa cnomnaam cmo n axmannsma, rnrcxnx ynsm n ncnxma, xonro cc cox nanron or
crnn ca nonanann no cmara onacnocr or cnyxn na nmnara ]oma.
aro crcrna axnnx na nmoxaronnucxnx ynax ]omannxra c nao oxn ona na nanrona na
crnnr n na nronr onacnn nocnoarnn n orxnn nmoxaronnucxara axnx.
o coxra cmnocr Xncroara axnx aconmrno snmnna, samoro xnnr unno na Xncrooro
rxno ca no nro. xo nxm cmnann nn nnn nou unno na Xncroara axnx, nxm mornn
na-mnoro a nnonaram, u nmam aora c na nnn yra nnunocr. nxo or rxx n n xnanan c
cn, ocn xaro cnyxnrn na Xncroc, na yxonara mxona. axa c nsxra onacnocrra nxara
naasnrnama maca a csaa nanron or crnn.
axam c, u c namnr asxcnnnx cm ycnnn, s a c onnam na aronrrn nnn na ncronxra, a n
onnxnm o onunoro oxcrno cmcro, cramo yxonara mxona sa cnacnnro na
uoucroro, nn roa xaro na anna cronocr, xoxro nc mox a c cxan nnoccrno n xonxrno
or cxn nn.
xo cra, unrarnm, smm saan r nnnxra n x asrnm, m c oxax, u n cm xasann nnmo nou or
roa, xoro cc cnrynocr c namna nx. axro u xasaxm, nn nnrnam nnnxra camo ro nnrc,
samoro roa, xoro oxcnnxm, xno n camo samoro c namna nx. o on n a n nanncano
nnnxra, xasanoro nax mm a xno. Vunnxr rxa a c nsnrn na nncannxra n cnuxn nmnn
aronrrn. oraa crnnara m c ocoon r nro n nnarn m c nsxxa ornoo n ornoo xaro
raxaa.
yx nxm ncxann a nacounm nnmannro n xm o nocnann xm onnrxnnr, rn.12 n ocnann xm
]cxnnr, rn.5, cr.30, xro craa yma sa ,uacrnr na nrooro rxno, n xm ornnn nnrarn or
]nnoco]cxoro anrnn na oan: ,n m ornm n m xnm nn ro; ,cranr n, xaxro n s
ac m ocrana; ,cnuxo, xoro o, n am; ,s cm nocrnn ac; ,s nm anx nnxonnnro,
xoro n mn a, sa a ca no, xaxro nn cm no, s rxx n n mn; ,s xnax r a ca ram, xro cm
n s.
Xncroc n c oma xm smnnr uonn nnn nncrnrynnxra, nauna ,nxa, a xm onsn, ocoonn
ro or smnara nnoa, nanuann cnuxn sano nnnxra ,xnsnx, xoro osnauaa ,yxona mxona.
rxaxro sanounaxm namara aora us ]ynamnrannara nomxna n nornxann or yxonnx narncx na
cnomna, nn nnxm yxonnx saxon, ]nnoco]nxra na yxonnx saxon n nnnaranro na yxonnx saxon.
axa c crnacyaxm c Xncroara axnx, c yxonara mxona, n orony naro, us marnx n nocmnn,
crnrnaxm o nx. noxa naroanocr cra moxm a comnm, u or 20-rn arycr 1953 ronna sxara c
marnnrnara nra na Vnncannoro arcro crana ]axr n u namro mnao nocrnuno arcro nnro sa
unn na axnxra
1
.
1 nx cmo: n an axnor, "($%%" ; < 9, uacr III, rnaa VI n uacr IV, rnaa I, osxemc c, nranx,
2003 r.
III

2

xo norcnm unnxa snaunnro na nonxrnro ,marnx, m nourm: ,nmcro; oaxamo nsxyc-
ro, c xoro us rancrnn ccra c nocrnrar cxcrcrnn nnn. no-nararx urm: ,aro nanno
mox a c nnm, u marnxra c cma nn naon c no-nncxa xynrya. n c cmo, u rnnr n
annonnnr nnaann na marnxra nscrna ]nnoco]cxa ocnoa n u nn cnuxo nonnaronnnnr nxann
nx nr, om naro. axnmunnro , u mnnanoro roa ca nnn nnrcnn xnnnx, no nn
cmnnoro nno na oasoanocr uox cron na noonn rnnmnnn. cnuxo, xoro ccranrnnr na
unnxa comaar no-nararx, ronxoa nxo n nnayuno, u nocro saxnxm xnnrara.
oa n rxa a nn yuya, samoro axo noncxam crnrnno a ysnam nmo cmcrno sa marnxra,
a nn namara nnnorxa m nn nomorn. oraa nmnno rxa a c sanounm Vnncannoro yunn.
oa n xnnra, a ncranxa ronxr acnxr na oxcrnara nocr, ]nnoco]nxra na yxonnx saxon,
rnnnara, xoxro nn oxcnxa nnana na amara.
nryno nma mnoro on n cnosnn xnnrn sa Vnncannara ]nnoco]nx, no ncrnncxo asnan,
nosnn, ocsnaan morar a c nocrnrnar camo or nacnomna n ]ynamnrannara nomxna.
o coxra cmnocr marnxra n nnmo yro ocn xoncryxnnx n nnnaran na no nonauanno
nnrxann, nnn cnoconocr. roa ncxam a xaxm, u cannn c nmnnx uox xoara mnnanoro ca
asnonarann c ronmn, uyoronn cnnn n cnoconocrn. Xoara crnrnno ca nnn ,oxnn na. ca
nnrxaann nsnnn oxcrnn cnoconocrn nn cran na cmncro, nnn na coono
asnrn. o nnnnnn, asnrnro cn uoxr nn ,cmn, xaxro n namnx rn na ncara
cmn.
cannn c roraamnnx uox nmnnxr ncranxa na xanxarya, nornan orasn oas na no
saryno crnnnno ccroxnn. yx nxm ncxann a ornxnm, u nxra sa coona onmnnx, sa
aromarnuno, cnnanonno asnrn na cmnnoro uoucro rxa a orxnna xaro
nnannna n sanyxaama. o na rosn noc m c cnm no-xcno.
Vuacrnnnnr Xncroara axnx ca ocranann nonauannoro cn crnnnno ccroxnn nnn cn
onnn cran na asnrn, ca nnn ornoo nnrn nx. sn cmcra nnrxaar nnmnnr cn
crnnnnn cnoconocrn n cnnn asnnunn crnnn na asnrn. ca xnoro cnrncro sa roa, u or c
oxasa us coro ronn n conr csannx. xo cannm rsn cmcra rxnnx ron acnxr or onx,
mocr n nocr c onxnonnx maco uox, asnnxara nancrnna m noxrna.
cmnocr rosn coon, nnn ornoo ocoon uox, nannno nnrxaa conr nnonn cnoconocrn n
cnnn, oxaro uoxr nmnoro cn ccroxnn no nnonoro nno. arnnxr nr, c yrn ymn,
nocrnnnoro nooaxan ncrnncxara oxcrna nnoa, sano c cnuxn csann c roa nocncrnx, no
rnocrnuno asnrn, xoro mox a c oosnaun xaro ars magi.a marnuno nsxycro, nnn xaro re.onstru.tio
nacxo nsxycro.
2 a nannnoro asnan n sa a c nsxrar noasymnnx, ryx mxcroro nsnuno a c noura, u ram, xro nacroxmara rnaa
craa noc sa xna marnx xaro nornononoxnocr na unara, cnara n r.n., c nma nn n raxa naunara ,xna marnx or
nanxrnxara, xoxro nsnxno nonacrna na oxynrnsma, a craa noc nn cnuxo sa rnocrnunara marnx, r.. sa aorara, xoxro c
nsma cnnara na Xncroara axnx cnyxa n nonsa na nnxoro no sa ocooxnn na uoucroro.
axa cnuxn, xonro ca onn or xnnx nmnync na cnomna n ]ynamnrannara nomxna, c nnnnxaar
xm Xncroara axnx, ocmcrxar nacxoro nsxycro n ca cnoconn a ocmcrxr roa us onara
oxcrna nua cnna, xoxro nonyuaar or axnxra.
n nnounram a roonm sa ,nacxoro cronrnno nsxycro, samoro cnuxn ymn n nonxrnx, ornacxmn c
o ,marnx n ,oxynrnsm ca ocaxarnn or nnannna ynora. aroa rn nsxram, oxonxoro roa smoxno.
cnuxn, xonro c nnnnxaar or ony naro xm yxonara mxona, ca nnsann, cno oxnnr ymn,
nnrnann or cnuxn cronn nnrnn, a cranar ,na n cmnnnn. oa osnauaa, u ca nnsann sa
nasnrnn, cxannrnn n asnocrannrnn na oxcrnnr cronocrn n cnnn, ncranrnn na ora
cnuxn onacrn na yxa n marnxra, r.. roa osnauaa, u ca nnsann xm ncrnncxo cmnnucro, xaxro n
xm asnrn n nsxa, naacramo nnxonnn, na cnuxo onoa, xoro or nnnn uoxa, a nmnno
ncrnncxara nacrnocr.
noxonmo a c oxcnxa, u noono cmnnucro n nacrnocr c cnnar cmno no
yro. crnncxnxr cmnnx n ncrnncxn na, a n nn ncrnncxn na nnarn nocn ncrnncxoro
cmnocnyxn.
nannncxara nono Xncroc xasa na yunnnnr cn: ,n cr crnnnara na cra; nxa crn amara
crnnna n xoara, sa a nxar onr n na n a nocnaxr amnx rn, xoro na ncara. xo no-
nararx roonm sa yunnucro, ro nn nmam nn ronocounoro nacxo n cmnnucxo asnrn xaro
nxno.
syuaanro na roa nacxo nsxycro nn nonc, unro nauano n ocnoa ca yxonnx nornx na
nacnomna n na ]ynamnrannara nomxna. oraa n yunnxa cron nnxara nn:
a c noasn n rax, xaxro or xna a ;
a nnon crnnnnoro ccroxnn na Xncroara axnx n
sano c cnuxn cnacnn cnyxa na nnxnx macro a aorn sa cnacnnro na cra n uoucroro.
asn nocrnuxa nn raanrna, u cxxo coonn n ronnrnunocr m nsusnar, a nncrno nnxara
oxcrna nn na Xncroara axnx sano c cnuxnr n mnoroonn, snmnnn unno m sacranar
nauno.
=%("$0(*!", ocmcrna n us yunnxa nonsa na nnxara nn, nncrnara ocnoa na
xnara marnx, r.. na rnocrnunara marnx.
oraro roonm sa xna marnx, craa xcno, u cmcrya n una marnx, a ocn rxx cmcryar n cna,
nrarnna n ]ocnama marnx.
una marnx rasn, xoxro c ynaxnxa csnarnno c namnnro synrarnr a ar nsnonsann sa
nnunn, nrarnnn nnn nsxnmunrnno ncrnnn nnn.
na marnx ynaxnxanro na marnx na uncro xcnnmnranna ocnoa nnn sa nocrnran na uncro smnn nnn.
rarnnara marnx n ncna ronocounnr nnn, no c crmn a nocrnrn nnra, s a cnasa
nomnr na yunnucroro, noan xoro rx nnxora n on o nocrnran na nnxara nn.
ocnamara marnx ocon n cmcnna or cna n nrarnna marnx, xoxro nnarn on o nxnarnnn n
oncrnn ccroxnnx.
cnuxn rsn no n xna marnx, xnmn ucro yxacnn onacnocrn, c ynaxnxar or xoa c yxon
xonnx, xonro oau n ca roron a nsmar ]ynamnrannara nomxna saan cnnn ronsm nnn
nnsanocr xm smnoro. axna xoa n nnmar yxasannxra n crnr na yxonara mxona.
conmrno oxasano , u cxn, nornxan or csnarnnnx cnomn, m c cmn onnn momnr no
nn nnn yr naunn cc cnyxnrnn, nsnarnn or yxonara mxona, sa a ro noyxr sa no xnor. mo
raxa cnryno, u cxn uox cc csnarnn cnomn, xoro orncxa noanara my xa, nonaa no
nnxnnro na unara, cnara nnn nrarnnara marnx n nocrnra rouno oarnoro na roa, xoro xna no
om no-noxo saran onsnnnx cxr na rmnnnara n sanyara. osn uox m om no-cnnno
nnsan xm xonnoro na axan n cmr.
asano , u xnora cn xannarr nonyuaa a nrn smoxnocrra a nsyuaa nro no nrx na
ocooxnnro. xo n nsnonsa n roara smoxnocr, rrn manc rosn xnor u nxma a my
noan. o m rxa a mnn ns om no-ronmn craannx, nonsrnuamn or om no-noxoro noran
marnxra, oxaro nocrnrn snocr us nuncran na csnannro.
una marnx c naxrnxya n or nsnann. Xoara, xonro c sannmaar c nx, nmar nnnoro csnann sa
rxa cn n saroa xr ncnacxmo xm nannro cn. unomartocnnxr c namna nn omartocan xr.
anounan nx a naxrnxya una marnx, ro rxa ornoo n ornoo a noron, sa a c nnasn or
nocnnnnr na nnmnnx nr. axa nmacrnro nnxcnaro c ynnuaa.
cn roa unnr maro, naxrnxyamn asnnunnr onacrn na yxa n marnxra, noan nyxara or
cyrxaan c onnxar, sa a c oranxar n a c oxr c cnuxn cnnn c xnara marnx, samoro
snaxr mnoro o, u nnara nocr osnauaa xa na unnr nm naxrnxn. oan roa cxn, xoro
nsnonsa una marnx, masn Vnncannoro arcro, craxya c or axrnnocrnr my n xra or nro xaxro
rmnnnara or crnnnara.
ra mox a snnxn nocr: amo xnoro arcro, xoro no-mormo or unoro, n ynnmoxn roa
noxnxrn na rmnnnara? rroor , u xnoro n c on norn unoro, ro om n c on. xnoro
ocmcrxa oxnx nnan c yxnnro, u unoro nxxora m c camoynnmoxn, noono na cxonnona,
xoro c camonsxxa, saron rmnnnx xr.
axonr na nmora, xoro noxa nnnx ocmoc, n onsn, xonro my c nounnxar, ca nnsmnmo
mormn n nyxsnmn. ymnr na ncanmncra: ,on n a xox onnnara na cmrnara cxnxa, nxma a c
ynnama or sno, samoro n cn c mn. oxr xsn n oxra roxra, r m yrmaar cnrncrar sa yxa n
annocrra, xonro nnr cronrnn xnxr n crar.
aroa yxonara mxona, xoxro nocn c cn axona na nmora, n c narana nnxomy. x n
nnnyxaa xoara, samoro na axona na nmora rxa a c
arna cnonranno n coono synrar or rmno noyxan n ocsnaan. amo roraa mora nma
cronocr.
xno , u nonxxora yxonara mxona nnsnxa cnryannn nnn noaxa onnnn ccroxnnx, c nn a
nornxn xoara xm ocsnaan, asnan, noyxan. o xoara nnxora n nar nnnyxaann. amoro
n nnnyara, a nncrno rmnoro noyxan n ocsnaanro morar a oar uoxa o
ocooxnn.
raxr or camoynnmoxnn xaa unara marnx a snoynorxa c ynncannnx mro na xnoro
arcro, nonsnnsam or axona na nmora. us nsmamn, cnnxn n rmnn nrnma rx c crmn a orxnonn
xoara or nnx nr. oa c ornacx ocono sa mnr xannarn, xonro mora om n cnacnna
nannno.
a yunnxa oau roa n mox a nnoonnmo nnxrcrn, samoro momnr na cnaocr, axo ro c
nomonn nannno, cc cnrynocr m my nsnarna nomom. nxo n n nanan, axo n ro xna
rmno.
cno , u unnr cnnn c onnrar no cxxax naunn a cnar n saaxr norca n noara na
rnnnara, xaro scrar, cnxynnaxn c nncmro nocoonnx uox. no namnr manxn
uomxn maman oxnnr mnnnnn mox a mnxr ano, no r cc cnrynocr mnxr ornnuno.
nara n nrarnnara marnx nnarn c nyxaxr or nomomnn ccra. snoynorxar csnarnno nnn
nocsnarnno c nscrnn marnunn n nonymarnunn nayxn xaro acronornx, cnnnrnsm, marnrnsm, xnnnosa. o-
nararx nn m c cnm no-noono na rsn nonymarnunn nayxn.
axro u xasaxm, xm cnara n nrarnnara marnx nnnanxn n ]ocnamara marnx. nx c naxr -
onnrn sa nocrnran na onnnn synrarn us
nnxn, nxarnnn ynaxnnnx, aomarn (nannm ramxn), rnan xncran. nouro cnyuan xoara,
xonro rn naxrnxyar, n nnonarar ronmnr onacnocrn, na xonro c nsnarar.
rarnnocrra na ]ocnamara marnx c noxxa ncrnncxara cn crnnna na-u roraa, xoraro x
nornonocranm na annocrra na nocmnnro. cnamnr rnan m oxcnnm xaxo osnauaa
,nocmnn Xncrnxncxara yxona mxona.
a rsn, xonro c om c cmnxar n nxar nnnxra cnnn aronrr, or xoro n morar a c ocooxr,
n c om c cmnxar nacrnara n cmnnucxa nayxa, nn nocouam anrnnro na oan, rnaa 16,
crnx 25:
,oa n roonx c nnrun. acraa uac, xoraro nxma u a n roox c nnrun, a xcno m n nscrx sa
rna. rxonn, rn. 1, crnx 6-rn c xasa: ,...oro nn nanann acro or cmnnnn na ox or n
rn...
yx oau nn m onnnnm, u cnuxo, xoro namnam anrnnro, na o nac no nn saoannan
naunn. oa osnauaa, u ncrnncxnx cmncn na cnuxo xasano roro ncann, xaxro n cmnnx nnan na
or sa cra n uoucroro, n m moxr a asr n nsnnrar a xoraro rrnr no rx na rs
magi.a, na nacxoro n cmnnucxo nsxycro, n ro crnnra, xoxro ycnr a c cxr nacroxmro,
nornxann or nacnomna n norornn us ]ynamnrannara nomxna, xm xoxro xnara Xncroa
axnx c oma axryannoro nc.
oa, xoro roraa m moxr a asr n nnmr, ronxoa snmno, nnxo n mormo, u
cnuxnr xnnrn na cra n ca ccroxnn a ro onnmar.
IV
B
annarr, unro nnrc ornan xm yxonara mxona na Xncroc o]anr, mox a c onnxn o
nx:
axo nancrnna noyn or nacnomna;
axo na rasn ocnoa ]ynamnrannara nomxna sanoun
a c ocmcrxa;
axo no rosn naunn c oron nrxr xm ncrnncxara marnx n nocmnn.
ra nn m nnxnmunm c xamnr oxcnnnx n m c onnram a ocrnnm cmnocrra na nonxrnro
,nocmnn.
o 2%>%% asnam: nocrnnnoro nnman axnxra; caxamnrannoro sanuaran na cnnnr
n cnoconocrnr na nonauannnx uox nonnx no uox. sn cnnn n cnoconocrn, roa noo
ccroxnn, c nasxr n saxnnxr or axnxra xaro mncrnn. n asnnuaam %9%& 2%("
2%>%%":
no aconmrno, ncm nosnann, na aconmrna mocr n xaro nnrnxryanno nsyuaan n cxaman na
onnna ]nnoco]nx, a xaro rmn ocrn o Vnncannoro yunn, rmno nosnann n
nosnn na crnnnnnx oxn nnan.
a ocnoara na rosn ncm rmn asym, cna onnxan c oxcrnara cnna, ocmcrxan na
rmno-csnarnna omnocr c ocno, c axnxra.
asnrn na ncrnncxara ona cmnocr uoxa, xoro osnauaa, u uomxara onx cmno c
crnacya c oxcrnara onx. oa n ncnnnnnnnano norncxan na cocrnara onx o ocxo
nocnymann, a xamonnsnan na onxra na asara na nocrnnx asym n na rmnoro nncro c
or.
uncran n nnamnsnan na rsn rn nonca, nn xonro us csan c no aorno non
noonocrnrnaroro c nocrax cnyxa na na saaua, na na mncnx nonsa na nnxoro no.
ryxryna nomxna na csnannro, ymara n rxnoro xaro synrar or nonca na nooaxan.
cmcrxan na sxa c uoucroro no aconmrno asnnun naunn cnyxa na nnxoro cnacnrnno
no.
annsan cooara xaro aconmrna uacr or Xncroc, xaro cyuacrnnx Xncrooro rxno, xaro na-
cmnnx.
nr rn acnxra moxm a onnnm xaro uyoronoro axan na nonx uox. urrnxr acnxr
camoxrara n asnxrnro na nonx uox. rnxr acnxr sxcnnro na nonx uox. Bcrnxr acnxr
ncnoro sncnn. mnxr acnxr onaaanro na nonx uox or rnx yx.
r roa asnrn n nocnnnnr my nnxo n mox a nnmn. a cxn, xoro ncxa a nsnnnn
ycnonxra, nrxr na nocrnranro oron. axro u ornxsaxm, cnuxn mncrnn c nasxr. oan roa
r rxa a nn ar asxnrn n a ar caxamnranno csann c nac us axnxra or nn or nnnr
narnnnn. asn nonya nnsxna.
nasanro na mncrnnr noxonmo, sa a c norarxr nryannn nmacrnx, samoro nr na
nnocrnn n snn xoa onnnn cnoconocrn n cnnn, xonro morar a c asnxr sonacno camo nonx
uox, nxa nnsnxann ronmn nmacrnx.
a cxn uox c oa onx c raanrna nnna cooa sa crnan nrx na mncrnnr cno saxona:
,oraro yunnxr roro, Vunrnxr u nannso. oa na marnnrna axcnoma, nsxnmuama cxxo
nacnnn n nsmama. oa osnauaa, u nnxo n mox a snnxrcran.
crcrno, cmcryar asnnunn nna na nocmnn. nxm ro onnnnunnn na no crnanonno
nsnran, nsxauan na nnannna, nnn nsxauan na crna c mnoro crnana, c nayunoorannsnana nomom n
mnoro oaun. o noan sanyara na asa, or roa rmno xoono asnrn ca nonsnsnn mnoro
nnannnn ncran n nn. oan xnoasan crmx xm cooa ca nnn nxcnarn
mnoroomaamn sxn a na xannarn.
a mnosnna nonxrnro ,nocmnn uyxo. nxn roa nroara cmnocr n ncrnna ca sanoxnn
cnuxn nnrnn n ocono cnnno xncrnxncroro. oa crcrno n noxonmo noan ]axra, u ro nxma
yro snaunn, ocn xaro nr naro. nannro sa nocmnnro oau noxano or xaronnnnsma n
norcranrcroro.
aunnr n nonyara sa nnmanro axnxra c onncar noono nnnxra. axnxra, nnn
yxonara mxona, ca oosnaunn onx ar c ymara %(%'!. oa osnauaa no ,omnocr. axa
nxnr xoara craar xra na ronxma sanya, nannm xoraro anocron an roon sa xnsnx.
xar, u craa yma sa nxona omnocr xaro rsn, xonro cmcryar nc no na nnn yra ]oma.
o rasn rma m rxa a c cnm na ccroxnnx n scrnx na nocmnnro.
oro ccroxnn axno sa yunnxa, a nmnno: onse.ratio (xoncxanno).
rooro ccroxnn axno sa cnuxn, xonro c onnxaar o aornoro non na yunnxa, a nmnno:
benedi.tio (nnxnno).
?%($* nocmnnro, csanro mxy Bxonara n yunnxa. 7%%9(* nnxnnro na
nocrnnx xy rcmnx, sxara mxy rxx. us @%%9(* c orax nrxr xm (%($*.
nxn u ananno, n rxano a c nsrxn, u nnro @%%9(*, nnro (%($* morar a c
nocrnrnar c nan n nmor, cmo raxa n n us nscrno nonoxnn omcroro, no nrx na nnnyara n r.n.
monnxra, xoxro nryanno n c xacana na xannara, cmo s snaunn rosn cnyua. oa,
xoro nn nocmnnro ucro mox a nsrnxa nmonnanno, cmnocr n nnmo yro, ocn no
marnuno crn.
yx cmo axn saxonr: ,oraro yunnxr roro, Vunrnxr u nannso. maamo n onnxmo
rmnoro xaucro na xannara, s ocnoa na nacnomna n ]ynamnrannara nomxna.

oraro uoxr, nornxan or yxonnx narncx na nacnomna, sanoun a rcn coro nonnnn,
xoraro ocsna coxra camora n nsrynocr n nocsnarnno sanoun a onax cmcryanro na ronmnr
orarcra n nonncymara xacora, xonro ro ouaxar, roraa or nro sanoua a c nsnua na marnnrna
nannx.
x mox a c ycnnn mnoroxarno, axo nro acr csnannro sa roa, xoro rcn, nannm nn urnro
na nxxox xnnra, saoonxama rmnara my nornocr. asn nannx mox a mnoroxarno sacnnna
n us monnrara.
a c monnm, osnauaa nsnran na amro rmno ccroxnn (na amara nyxa, amnr nuycrnx,
amara naroanocr, amara aocr) us mncnonn xarnnn, nocnn cnro. na raxaa marnnrna
nannx nnarn nnnnua orroo, unxro marnnrna nannx corrcra na xaucroro na monnrara. xo
rx nnmnrnno-roncrnuna, orroor corrcram n monnrnxr n nocrnra ocooxnn, n nonyuaa
cnacnrnna nomom, a nomaan na ccroxnnro cn. xo noor sa monnrara omasa, orroor cra
asymnrnno, ro nsraxm xaro orn. yx craa yma sa crnro na nn nnon saxon, sa nn
saxonomn orroo.
n m oau marnnrnara nannx, nsnuama c or rcmnx n nornxana or nacnomna, ocrnra
o onnno xaucro n nonyuaa nmnrn or nmo nsmno. oraro c crnrn oram, mncnonara xarnna
c onax or axnxra n roraa, xaro onnnnn xm aromarnunnx ]nxc, rx arna n nnuno. asn
nnuna axnnx, rasn nnuna nomom nma nxn roa nnarn snnuna ]oma. oa osnauaa, u rcmnxr (
nouro cnyuan s a csnaa, u on) c oxa no asnnunn naunnn o xonraxr c nn or narnnnnr
na axnxra, cram marnannara c]a nno nm. nn rax narnnx narocnon or
axnxra n nonyunn smoxnocrra ,a narocnax n sanuara. yrn ymn, us nnoccrnara cn
sxa c xannara ro ocmcrxa na nnnxrna sxa mxy nro n axnxra. oa @%%9(*.
noarnno, nsnarnnxr aornnx xnx cxnxara na yxonara mxona. xaro xannarr nannsa
cxnxara na namnr cnrnx, sa nro c oasya nn nr, om naro. oa nr, xoro c nnsasnma
nmo nnron xm nronr smoxnocrn.
n rxa o a asr ,nrx cxnxa. annarr c namna cxnxara na narnnxa, a narnnxr
c namna cxnxara na axnxra. o rosn naunn r n amara c namnar cxnxara na ocno, cxnxara na
ronunnx or.
ymara ,cxnxa xaro nonxrn n nsmncnnna na aroa, a nscrna or cnuxn cronn nnrnn. nrn, n
onx ar c roon noono sa cxnxara, oruacrn onxnonnx cmncn, oruacrn rnocrnunnx cmncn na
ymara.
121-n ncanm c xasa: ,ocno rox cxnxa or xcnara rn crana. sn ymn c xasar na nocrnnr n
c ornacxr o sxara cmncn na (%($*.
5-ra rnaa or xnnxra na nocronnr c xasa:
,...nsnacxxa onnnr no ynnnnr n rn cnaraxa na nocrnxn n na nrna, u xaro mnnaam r, non cxnxara
my a sacrn nxxoro or rxx. yx craa yma sa csaanro na sxa cmncn na @%%9(*.
oraro uox c namna no scrnro na nuara cnna na axnxra, na yxonoro cnnn, n na
oxocnar or nua na Vnncannara crnnna, rasn cnna rancmyrna nro n ornoo c nsnua. oa
,cxnxara, nsnnsama or rosn uox, xoro osnauaa, u ro nnrxaa nscrna cnna. xo rasn cxnxa
nnnanxn na nxxoro, xoro csnarnno nnr axnxra n aorn sa nx, roraa ro nma ,na cxnxa
xy xcnara cn xa. oa osnauaa, u ro mox n my asmno a nsnonsa ranc]omnanara nro
cnna xaro yxono ccro cnyxa na rnnnara.
onnnxr, uoxr nanxrnunoro ccroxnn, xoro cron raxaa cxnxa, ncranxama cnnoo non,
sanoua a osaxa. crcrno, roa mox a nn nroran n amarnun nonc. xo xannarr
crnrnno n no rx, us @%%9(* nro snnxa na c no-noxa n rxcna sxa c
axnxra, oxaro nacrnn momnrr, xoraro xannarr nsnxyan. oraa sa nro @%%9(* craa sxo
xm (%($* n nannsan axnxra. corrcrn cc axona na rmnnx xnor ysnnxr sa roa
yunnx namna cox Vunrn o c cn, xoro ro xa cranx na nocmnnro.
ra m c onnram a xnnm crnnna xy om no, mox n nxcno mxcro, a nmnno snxocnonara
noxonmocr or onncannx nr na asnrn. amoro yr nr n cmcrya! sancnmo or roa, u rosn nr
nn ornuan or norcranrcroro n n nn saunran or nmcxnx xaronnnnsm, ro ocraa nncrnnxr! amo?
onr c oxasa us ronnro cn. ax oxnxr nnan. onx axnxra c ccron or csannx,
ocoonnn c us cnnara na rna, n r xaro ronara oxcrna cnna c nsnua omo axnxra, n
no-cnnnanno nnnx rocnoa n yx ncyc Xncroc, ro axnxra, nasnrnxa na cnuxn oxcrnn
mncrnn, c onnxaa o nac us uomxn rnan, cna n n xaro cxnxa na Vnncannara crnnna.
asn annocr namna ]nnoco]cxo norxnn cnuxn cronn nnrnn. B c orannunm c
nxxonxo nnrara or nnnxra: ,nxo n mox a crnrn o rn, ocn us n; ,s n n nnmo n
moxr;
,a n ana nxnara nacr na nro n smxra; ,oro cna, nxma a c nyra rmnnnara, a m
nma rnnnara na xnora.
xaro Xncroc c onnxaa o cra n uoucroro us axnxra, nn n moxm a ocranm
syuacrnn na nrooro scrn. asn ara mox a nsrnxa rxcna, no rx nxn cnuxo
nncrnara n rosn, xoro mnn ns nx, nnsa ncrnncxara cooa.
nnmarnnnxr unrarn mox n sanxsan, u onncannxr mro na asnrn n nnro nxrarocxn, nnro
cnornun, a aconmrno moxarnun. o san.ta demo.ratio (cmnara moxannx), samoro c
ocnoaa na u cnomnarnx saxon: ,oraro yunnxr roro, Vunrnxr u nannso.
axa craa xcno samo yunnxr n mox a nomnn @%%9(*, nsancnmo or ]omara, xoxro c xxa.
o na nn nac us xoa, samoro or cra us rxx.
runn na cronrnxra nn @%%9(* (xoro osnauaa nn nocrra na axnxra marnannara
c]a) xxa nnnarann a mroa: xcnnmnrannnxr n nxrnnxr.
asnrnro na cra nn noxasa uoucroro raxoa ccroxnn na csnannro, nn xoro c yar
sxo n nann, n cnno ccroxnn, yamo c c orannuno nonycsnann. ocnnoro ccroxnn na
nscrno yxono noyxan c asnno nnnnsnrnno ns 13-n x. ra, 700 ronnn no-xcno, cn
nonax nr no nno na yxono noyxan.
oon nno na yxono ocsnaan nnarn c sanoua or axnxra us xcnnmnrannnx mro,
cn xoro onnn ncnxonornucxn momnr na na nxrnnx mro.
xcnnmnrannnxr mro c xaaxrnsna c nsonnn or sornuna nnrarya, mnoroonn
orannsarocxn onnrn n c no cmono scrn na cxnxara. rynnxr, xoro rosn nno rxa
a ocmcrn @%%9(*, ocraa nanraxnan no ornomnn na nryannnr synrarn, r.. n orroon.
xcnnmnrannnxr aorn mro nacoun nsnxno xm nacuaan na noyxanro.
axro u xasaxm, onnn ncnxonornucxn momnr rosn mro na nocnan or nxrnnx mro.
oroxr or yxona crnnna c sacnna n craa ronxoa momn n nnamnun, u crynnnnr, xonro
ocmcrxar @%%9(*, morar a sanounar a ocmcrxar no nnrnsnno marnuno no orony, r..
axnara crana (nanxrnxara), xoro sa nn nmn uox nasnamo noan xcnansnnocrra my.
nnxara nn na rasn nxrna marnx a c oasya ryx, rosn cxr, xoro na no rarnuno crono
arcro n us nro a c csa noo xnsnno non. asn snmna nn ocmcrna cmo n ns 13-n
x. ocnnnnr xxa ronxoa mormn, u n nc, cn 700 ronnn, r c om nn rooxr.
unnor na roa arcro ca nsnn cooara. oa ca unnor na nnnmara Xncroa nxa.
nrn axnxra, r nanmaar cc saran x rsn, xonro 20-rn x ca nnsann a nanaxr na
noa xauxa nocoxa xm oxonuarnnoro ocooxnn na uoucroro.
nsannr cnar cnnnr cn. ynara na non c oasyana n acr. mro sa crn
nacrnnno.
V
B?
s cmnnn, or nnmnara rnaa unrarnxr naxcno, u no rmara ,nocmnn mox a c roon om
nro. oxaro mncnnn xy nournoro, oxrno nro ca snnxnann nxxon nocn.
noro axn cnnnxr noc: axo c nocmaa? amoro orroor nacoua nnmannro n xm
cmnocrra na osnxoncxara nocr.
xxon xar, u uacr or uomxara nnunocr n morna a nocrna. yrn ca na mnnn, u nnnx
rncn oas mox a nocrn, cn xaro ocrnrnan nscrno onarooxan. rn mncnxr, u
rncnnx oas rxa a c nnrn nannno n u noxonmo camo ymara a c nsnrn xm
rnnnara, u craa noc camo sa ymnoro nsnran xm rnnnara. ma n raxna, xonro c crmxr
xm uncro yxono ononnn.
sn asnnunn mnnnx n ouaxannx oxasar comara oxanocr no ornomnn na rmara ,nocmnn
n onaaar noca: ,axo cmnocr c nocmaa? amnxr orroo rnacn: n rxnoro, n n no
nryanno rnnano rxno, n na nuncrna yma n om no-manxo nn uncro yxon oas.
onxrnro ,nocmnn rxnoro nacoua xm nmo ccm yro. axnxra n c nnrcya nn na-
manxo or nanxrnunnx uox, on n roraa, xoraro ro xn xaro rranann, s anxoxon n naxornnn,
n xoraro c crmn xm xymannsm n nnnara sornunnr saxonn.
o ,nanxrnun nn asnam onnx n nsacnan rosn nnon uox, nnsan xm xonnoro na
axan n cmr, sancnm or nnonnr saxonn na snnxan, asnr n ynax na cnuxn smnn nma, or
saxona, xoro nnarn nma cnuxo coxra nornononoxnocr.
conmrno nsmoxno rosn nanxrnun uox c nrooro csnann, yma n rxno a cran uox na
crarnunnx noxx, r.. a xn n or axnxra xaro nn cnacnrn uno oxcrno naxncro.
nn nanxrnun uox, xaxnro n cnomnn a nnrxaa, xonxoro n a xa, u anxanno nomnn,
xonxoro n marnuno a naan, nsancnmo xo cran na asnrn c namna, n mox a nnr
""(". ,nr n x n morar a nacnxr acroro ncno. cnuxn cronn nnrnn nsnuno
c nouraa: ,or n c nnrcya or nnunocrra.
or, axnxra, n c nnrcya or nanxrnunnr nnunocrn. xo nxxo c onnra a c nsnrn marnuno
nnn xoncxarnuno, synrarr nnarn nyna. axo nn nxn roa roonm sa ,nocmnn rxnoro,
craa yma sa na rana n sa nnamno nmnuaan, a sa nman rana, sa no nasnan
xaro cncrn or uomxnr sanyn n nxcroro na ronosnr n cmnnnnr. oraro Xncroc roon na
nxonm sa cmoro, xoro ncrnncxnxr nonc na nooaxanro, o my xasa: ,n cn rnannxr ann na
san, a n snam sa rsn nma?
oncr na nooaxan, sa xoro c roon cmo n nonora xm anrnnro na oan, n mox a
oxcnn us xra (nnn ononara x), n n c onxra (nnn ononara onx) na nnrra, nnro c onxra na
uoxa. amoro nanxrnunnxr uox n snma yuacrn rosn nonc. onxr uox n mox a o no
yxono-rnnun naunn us onxra na uoxa.
yxonara mxona n c nnrcya or nnunocrra. a, no xaxo rxa a asnam no ,nnunocr'?
nunocrra onasn uacr or uomxara nsxa, xoxro us no-nnmarnno nanmnn c nayuaam a
asnnuaam:
marnannoro (mcrno) rxno,
rnoro rxno,
acrannoro rxno, nnn rxnoro na uycrara,
mncnonara cnoconocr.
sn urnn acnxra, srn sano, osnauaam n xaro ncn oas. m nro nnnanxn cmo n na uacr
or ymara, a nmnno smnara, nnn xnara yma. o-nararx m c cnm no-noono na rsn acnxrn, a
cmo n xy ymnnx oas n asa na csnannro.
ra ncxam nsnuno a nouram, u rasn nnunocr, rosn rncn oas, csan nncro us smnara
yma, n mox a nnr or yxonara mxona, xaxro n ymnnxr oas n rosn na csnannro. nunocrra,
xaxoro n a onnra, nnxora n mox a ocnoa na xnora crarnunnx cron .
nunocrra c namna cryxryno no ccroxnn, xoro asnnuno or ccroxnnro na nonauannnx
uox. raa noc n camo sa ,crcrxanro, sa nannxra, a sa cryxryna n anaromnuno-orannuna
asnnxa. aroa smnara nnunocr n mox a ns oxnro
nacro. ,nr n x n morar a nacnxr oxnro nacro. oa nsmoxno or nayuna rnna rouxa.
aroa sa cxn, xoro xna a c onnxn o yxonara mxona, axar ymnr: ,oro n c nooon or
oa n yx, n mox a ns oxnro nacro. yx ymara ,oa osnauaa xocmnucxa nacycrannnx,
nsnauann xocmnucxn xon, raxa xaxro ynorna nrn, nnn a xnnra na oc: ,.n yx oxn
c nocm na onr. yx no ymara ,yx c asna oxcrnoro yxono xo, Vnncannoro
csnann, xoro ,rxa a sxcn or mrnr. nomnaroro nsxasan na Xncroc nocoua
noxonmocrra or sxcan na nonauannnx uox, cnyua u ro noxna a c san ornoo
onnara cn.
ra nonauannnxr uox csan c na smna nnunocr, xoxro n nnna oxnx nnan, no
my aa smoxnocr a c nsxn marnannnx cxr. nunocrra oau n cn ocraa or rasn smna
nnoa, saroa rx nxona xaro cnuxn smnn xnnnx n saroa nonoxna na nocroxnna asyxa n
cmr. noarnno nnunocrra cmo cmrna. x n mox n n rxa a una. roa nnxara
rana onnxr or ora yx, xoro craa rosn nanan cxr n oxoan xm cxannr na nanxrnxara,
nnnyn a nsran na noa nnunocr, ncnara, nonauannara nnunocr, sa a c ocoon n a c
san nocnymann nn ora.
asn noa nnunocr c nsraxa craara, nanxrnunara nnunocr. x c nanua om ,ncnoro rxno
nnn ,ncrnncxnx no uox. osn, xoro asnonara c na noa nnunocr nonc na nsraxan, ron sa
nocmnn. ryxrynoro n nornnnannoro nsraxan, asnrnro n acrxr na rasn noa nnunocr
roa nocmnnro. nnxr rosn nonc c ocmcrxa no saxnnara n xoocroro na yxonara
mxona.
uoxr, xoro ocsnaa nsraxanro na noara nnunocr, mox a norn xasanoro or anocron an
roo nocnann xm onnrxnnr, rn. 5:
,amoro snam, u axo c asann smnnxr nn om, rncnara nn cxnnnx, nmam or ora sann na
ncara, om nxoron, un. onx rosn om nn crnm, xaro xonnm a c onum c namro
ncno xnnnm.
o aa n sa yrn naxara, u nn cmrra na marnannoro rxno cmo m ar namnn ,onunn,
a n ,ronn.
yx nnxax cnyua n craa noc sa aromarnuno, crcrno asnrn, a sa asnrn, xoro rxa a
nsmno c oromno ycnnn, ,crax n rnr.
oraro uox nsran roa uno xnnnm anaxn roraa sa nro m c nsnnnn nooucroro or
rxonnro na oan, rn. 21, cr. 3: , uyx cnnn rnac or ncrona, xoro xasam: ro, xnnnxra na ora c
xoara n o m onraa c rxx. uax roraa ro nnrxaa nnunocrra, xoxro c nao xam na rnx yx.
asnrnro na noara nnunocr nn mnoro nr nonc n nro morar a c asnnuar rn ocnonn ]asn:
cran na xonnnnnxra, mnonann cran, cran na axanro. cnuxnr rn cranx c xooxr or
axnxra, cno Xncronr ymn: ,s n n nnmo n moxr.
onnnnnonnnxr n mnonannnxr crann snnxar no scrnro na @%%9(*. ranxr na
axanro cmcrnnxr cran na nocmnnro. o nnrxaa cm acnxra, xonro asrnaxm
nnmnara rnaa n sa no-nannno asnan m rn noronm n ryx, a nmnno:
oo snann: axanro na noara mncnona cnoconocr.
snarnna omnocr c ocno roa no-nararmnoro asnrn na mncnonara cnoconocr us no noo
nsnuan na cnro: mncnn cc cnro.
asnr na cmcroro na noara onx: nsraxan na nooro rxno na uycrara.
onr nocrn na rnaara, cnro n onxra nsncxar no naunn na xnor: axan na nooro rno rxno.
axan na nooro marnanno rxno.
nnnn na noara nnunocr c yxonara yma.
nnnn na noara nnunocr c oxcrnnx yx: nsmoranro.
oro n no nrx na Xncrooro osaxan, cnrncra xaro anocron an roo nocnann xm
onnrxnnr, rn. 4, crnx 16-18: ,aroa nn n c oscuaam; no on n a rn namnxr nmn uox, nax
rmnnxr cxn n c nonoxa. amoro namara mnna nxa cx nonsxa c nou n nou na
una cnaa sa nac, xonro n rnam na nnmnr, a na nnnmnr nma, samoro nnmnr ca mnnn, a
nnnmnr unn.
axa orxnam, u cranx am mox a c on nn no am. uoxr, c om nnnn
nanxrnunoro cn rxno, mox a c sannmaa c noxonmn, maxa n onxnonn, smnn nma, xaro xann,
aora, cnan n r.n., oxaro ncrnncxoro nsacran na nooro rxno nonxaa nosnoxoxano.
a cxannn, mannnna nnrxaar rasn noa nnunocr nn or crannr na asnrn. xnnxr o mnoro
manx. a rxx n ryno a c orxaxar or csnannro na asa n a nmcrxr nnra na rxcrra xnora cn,
samoro ca cranann ,snnunn.
a ncrnncxnr yxonn crynnnn aconmrno noxonmo a morar a aorxr rosn cxr c noara
nnunocr. amo roraa r m ar ronn sa @%%9(*.
c cnrynocr mox a c xax, u cnuxn, croxmn nnro na yxonara mxona, ca nonyunnn
naroann na @%%9(* cmro na xonnnnnxra. ra r rxa a oar roa cm o asnrn. oro
cra cc csnannro na asa, c onxra na craara nnunocr, m c narxa nnarn na rynocrn n nxn
nxnoro cn craann, nnxora nxma a mox a ncxoun nanxrnunoro nno. onxra na craara nnunocr
nnxora n mox a cra ocooxaamo. nnara aora n mox a c namn nnmo or Xncroc.
onxma aocr a c orxn nxxoro, nxn nananara my nnunocr, acrxr na unnx uox, a c
nanmaa ,or nnrra. o rosn naunn c asna ncrnncxoro nocmnn rxnoro.
mcryar mnoro naunnn, c xonro xoara ca c onnrann a nocrnrnar ocooxnn, s a nnrxaar
noara nnunocr.
ann ca onnrn us ynaxnnnx a c nocrnrn ornxn or na-xncrannsnanara uacr na nnunocrra n
a c ocmcrn nosnann n nocmnn no-]nnnr n rna. oa nn nanuam $'9%!% :"".
us nro mox a c nocrnrn na-mnoro nscrno nnrnxryanno nosnann, no uox ocraa sxano anu
or ncmro nocmnn n ocooxnn.
annm mncrnnnr nnn nxxon monamcxn onn ca onnrann a oyxoroxr smnara nnunocr us
camonuyan n acxrnsm. oa c nanua (0"$% :"". o rosn naunn uox crnrnno
mox a nnsnxa nxxon xnnnx, xaxro nannm nscrno sa r or, acro xxar n .
oonn xnnnx c csar n c nxxon nmoxaronnucxn crnn n yrn nnxnnnn na
nmoxaronnucxara axnx, xonro us rnayan, nnnacouna ocxnna n yrn nnmnnx, ocrnrar o
ccroxnnx na yxon xcras. cnuxo roa oau n on nnro o ocooxnn, nnro o nocmnn
Xncroara axnx.
axax mox a c cnomn n sa marnunnr naxrnxn n cncrmn na sroxa, xonro ucro nrnonar nannno
cnuxn marnannn acnxrn na nnunocrra. o r cmo n morar a oar o ocooxnn.
nxn u uox xn nn noxan xam n rxa a nocron no, sa a crnrn o ocooxnn, ro
rxa a nnm n cranx xam, xoro momnra nrooro nncrno nnrxann, nroara nncrna
mnna asa. rosn n us rosn nanxrnun xam ro rxa a nocron nonx xam n a aorn c nro.
a Xncroc n ynnxnn a nnm onxra na cnyxnrn n a nn noxax nrx na ocooxnnro.
rynnnnr na yxonara mxona, xaro nocnoarnn na Xncroc, xr no cmnx nr. axa n naunnamnxr
rxa a ocsna n nnm crnrnnocrra na coro ccroxnn n a nn cranx xam rax noxx,
u nnonnr cnnn a ynaxnxar xonxoro c mox no-manxo cnornnnn. aroa noxonmo n
nnsxno ]omnanro na xnora, no na roa rxa a c rna camo xaro na noxonma nomom sa
nocrnranro na nnxara nn.
xymnno, uoxr nnrxaa cranx xam xaro nncrnoro nsasno ccro, c xoro mox a c
yrn nrnro, sano c cnuxn nonsrnuamn or roa orannunnx, onxn n mxn. o rxa a nsnn o
no rounara uama na nanxrnunoro uomxo nrn.
VI

ocramnnr oxcnnnx cc cnrynocr ca onn unrarnx o saxnmunnro, u nrxr, xoro on xm no-
cmnn, nsnno ryn. aroa crcrno, xoraro nxxon snmar: ,s n snax, u roa
ronxoa ryna n cnoxna saaua! oa nanomnx noca na cxymnnr anocronn: ,ocnon, roraa xo
m onaxn? amro nnmann c nacoua cmo n xm onoa mxcro nannncxara nono, xro
Xncroc nacuaa yunnnnr cn: ,nsr ns rxcnara nora n cnar ymnr ,...rxcna norara n rcn
nrxr, xoro on xm xnor, n mannnna ca onsn, xonro rn namnar.
snmxnr nn noxasar xonxo noxo uox sarnan naroro na rosn nnon .
oa saran nauno or craara roco]cxo-onnrancxa ]nnoco]nx ,nnonmnnx, cnnsan marnxra.
r ryx c crnrna o saxnmunnro, u na-nncxara rouxa na nonaan marnxra ocrnrnara n u or
nxxonxo cronrnx uoucroro nanxsno ,onmnnxra, r.. sxo (nsnnsan or marnxra),
oyxoroxan, ocooxnn. n roa rasn onmnnx nornua cnnanonno n axo sa nxxoro roa n
ocraruno so, cmcrya n nrxr na nocmnnro. oraa asnrnro rra, raxa a c xax, cc
cxoocrra na s nax. sxa c rsn nn xymannocr, xynrya, nnrnxryannsm, sornunn nnrcn n
r.n. c cunrar sa onmnnonnn xnnnx.
oon mnorn oau c namna nnno nornoun c crnrnnocrra, samoro synrar or
nnnnonnnn snannx (snannx ,or roa xa) n nnrnrna nnannno nonauannara ncrnna. aro
nnocraxa roraa c nnmam, u nn na sycnona nnonmnnx n rxano a cmcrya n na
sycnona onmnnx. xam c, u onmnnxra na ronxma mxona sa uoucroro, no mormo,
nnaurano or oroca nryan. oa nrmcrn n rxano, cno oxnxra onx, a o
crcrno n saxonomno o saman onnara no nrx na onmnnxra. xam c cmo, u cnnsanro
marnxra cranano no oxnxra onx n no roara onx m cran n nsnnsanro or nx. axa cn ncraxxa
xoara nrx na uomxoro asnrn n on rnaxa manxo ncoxomno na raxa naunnx ,cxr na
crnnr yxo. oa nnn cmcrara, xonro c om n nnn crnnnn na nrx na nnonmnnxra. n
nnn cmnn xaro nac, r ocranann xmn, a nn u cm ronxoa anu...
xno , nn cm ornmnn mnoro naanu, no sa nouro cnnnn om n xcno xox nocoxa cm c
oranunnn. saanro na rasn xnnra nnn, mxy yroro, a nacoun nnmannro na unrarnx xy
ncrnncxoro ccroxnn, xoro c namnam, n a sanuara csnannro my rasn n nnarn nnxrna n nonxxora
mnoro rouna annocr, sa a cran rx nnunna sa no noxo mnn a sanoun nnna, ]ynamnranna
nomxna xnora.
nmano sycnona nnonmnnx n n cmcrya sycnona onmnnx.
xa a cnxnr c nxra, u smoxno namara nnonmnnx a no nann, no rxonann,
nocnnnara or na xaracro]a. Vnncannoro yunn xasa, a n no nscnan ro norxaa, u ryx
crnrnno craa yma sa no crmrnao nann yxacxamn nnnn. cnuxn cronn nnrnn
cnomnaar sa nannro n n moxr a ro orxnr cnuxn xnonn or rxx mnro n nrnn,
asnnunnr ]nnoco]cxn cncrmn or roa n rra xa, snnxnann or nro.
rr na crnnr yxo nancrnna cmcrya. o cmcrara, xonro xnxr ram, n ca ,crnn
no ornomnn na nosnann, onnr n yxono asnrn, a ca noxocnarn or rxx, xncrannsannx n cmr!
rr na crnnr yxo nonauannnxr cxr na uoucroro, nnn oxnx nnan. oa
oxcrnnxr noxx, acroro ncno (a n c cmca c ,nro na xsornunnr xncrnxnn n c
,ornoro na cnnnrncrnr; m c nm na rosn noc no-xcno, xoraro asrnxam ,ornannara
c]a'). osn cxr na crnnr yxo c namna no or nonrara na namnx nanran xocmoc,
cxam cm onacrn na nrnro, oasyamn sano no ronxmo xno. amnxr cxr no or rsn
cm nonra.
onauannnxr uomxn cxr onacr na uno naxncro. am uoucroro nsnnnxa aconmrno
nocnymann oxnx nnan, xoro oasya ocnoara na cra n uoucroro. yx no ,nocnymann n rxa
a c asna cnxno cnan nnn rynoa ncnnnnnna, a ooonno n csnarnno crynnucro cooa
n nmona csanocr c or. rasn sxa nxnara uomxa nnamnuna onx, xoxro nornnnanno nnccra
oxcrnnxr orn, c crnacya c oxnxra onx.
roa ccroxnn na nrnro uoxr nnxax cnyua n nsnonsa onxra cn xcnnmnranno,
cnxynarnno nnn ]ocnamo. crar cn cnnoro: uoxr nnno nnrxann na nonauannnr
cn oxcrnn cnoconocrn, raxa u mox a nonsnc roucxnr ymn: ,oraa o xasa n ro %, o
sanoxa n ro ".
sn cnoconocrn ca cmnn, xoraro morar a c asnxr amxnr na no nmono csan c or, c
xara na or. au, axo nxxo ynorn rsn oxcrnn cnoconocrn xcnnmnranno, cnxynarnno nnn
]ocnamo, nocnnnara n nna xaracro]anna n n sacrnana nxnara cnna. n nxam xax n ounr
nn c asna na noa ama or rosn n, samoro uoxr nocxra xm xocmnucxnr rannn mcra c
roncrnuno, xcnnmnranno n ]ocnamo cyrxaan n on c onnra us asnnan na aroma a
nsnonsa xocmnunnr nrnn sa coonnn nnn. oraro uox nsnonsa onxra cn ncsnarnno n n nnsnaa
sanmosxnr ocmoca, ro nnnnua na r, nramo cn c ranara. xo n noymr roa, m cn
ncranr onxx xaracro]ara, xoxro c cnyunna nn rxonannro. Xoara sanounann a ynorxar
conr oxcrnn roucxn cnoconocrn coonno, xcnnmnranno n ]ocnamo. axa uomxara onx
cranana noysana, cc coonara onx c snoynornno, a ocoonnr cnnn c nsnnsnann or xonrona na
uoxa.
cmnnr xnnrn c xasa: ,or n nsocrax ronnxra na conr n. n rxa a asm, u roa
n axn camo sa nac, a sa nxnoro ronn. aro synrar or uomxnx ynr rxam a onasno n
onnro (crr, uoucroro, cnnara n n.). aroa nanasonr na uomxoro crn orannun,
xaro smoxnocrra sa saman xm nonauannoro ccroxnn ocrana orona, cnyua u xoara
asar noxonmocrra or ooonnoro nocnymann no ornomnn na oxnxra onx n saxnxr cno
nx.
uoucroro noronno or cnnx cxr n xaro naxasann sa rxa n nsmnnx ynr, a sa a c
samnrn cnuxo crono, no cmo raxa n sa a c nnasn uoxa or camnx nro. axa sanouna nnonmnnxra
cnnsanro marnxra. o roa n crana cmncna na no cxamo c oxnx nnan nnnnrnmcro sa
cnan na onnrnocrn, a m synrar or na xocmnucxa onmnnx. nonmnnxra m noxonma
noan saryara na oxnxra cnnonocr, noan na nnamna nsnxa.
aroa asnamo, u onmnnxra n aconmrno noxonma, raxa xaxro n nnonmnnxra. amoro nmam
mnoro cmcra, unro cmcryan nonauannnr xnsnnn onacrn ocrana raanrnano noan
cmnoro nocnymann n coonara nmona sxa c or. axa r oasyaxa xoro na uomxara
axnx.
a onsn oau, xonro yuacraxa nannro, nnonmnnxra m aconmrno noxonma, samoro r c
nornonocranxa na oxnnr saxonn n n c snonsaxa or nnro na smoxnocr sa saman.
ara nnoccrna nocnnna or nannro
nsonannxra na uomxnx yx xaro nnamnsnama cnuxo ncxa. cncrn na roa na ynryamnx c uox
my ,noxsaxa xnnr n ro nana or ncara.
axa nnonmnnonnoro uoucro nmcrno na onacr, xro ro rxam a as, u
oxcrnoro my ccroxnn cranano nonyoxcrno. Vnncannara ]nnoco]nx roa noo ccroxnn c
nanua ,nmcran na csnannro or yxonnx oas ymnnx oas. snannro csano c xra.
n xaro n roa noo ccroxnn na xnora asmsanara uomxa onx nonxn a nya n a nocn
nmacrn, oxnxr nnonmnnonn cnacnrnn nnan nmcrn om no-anxanno mnoro no-nncxa c]a:
roa u aconmrno nnnynrnno nnnnrnmcro uoxr saryn cox nonauann oas.
a uoxa ornra ncnara nnunocr. roa yxr na uoxa saryn oxcrnnr cn cnoconocrn n
xnsnnn cnnn. r rosn momnr nararx csnannro na uoxa moxm a cmcrya camo nonornun,
xnornncxn n, r.. no ncouomxo ccroxnn. axa ro moxm a n coxra noa nnona
nsxa nsxnmunrnno n camo na c cn.
osn nnonmnnonn nonc sanouna c nonaran na ocnonr na na ccm noa, noxcrna nnunocr.
cnuxn nn sornunn ]nnoco]nn sanouar onncannro na uomxoro asnrn c rana na nannro.
A"0$" %21 oasyano xoro sa no noo marnanno rxno,
A#:%" %21 xoro sa nooro xnsnno rxno,
B0" %21 xoro sa nooro acranno rxno,
C%&" %21 xoro sa nooro mncnono rxno.
osn nxnocrn nonc u samn. uoxr nnrxaa na nnunocr, nn rncn oas, xoxro oau n
nnnara oxnx nnan, r.. xaxaro nnrxaan no-ano. x my noana, sa a mox us nx a
namn oarnnx nr.
rasn cn nnunocr ro nnrxaa nscrno csnann, no n rncno csnann cmncna na nonauannoro
ronn; sa no ncrnncxo ymno nnn yxono csnann n yma n mox a craa.
o nnxoan sa cxannr na rosn cxr c nrn, xonro cam cn nsxoan. nocnnnr ocrarnn or
coonara cn onx xoara nnnxr ryx xaro monn: nsorxar rxnnucxn uyonma, nsnacnnar nnnx
nnon xnor, sanmno c nsnonsar n raxa nnsnxar na coma rnannx rosn cxr.
asnar nn cra samo na raxaa nnunocr n mox a nnra or yxonara mxona n u sa
rnannx na rasn nnunocr n mox n yma a craa. amoro rx camara ncranxa nn rnannonn
noyxr na nonauannnx uox. csnaar nn, u oarnnxr nr rxa a yr, a nmnno nr na
&! :""? oa osnauaa nyrannsannx na rnarnnnx noyxr n cmmnno rnannx
na nonauannnx uox.
noarnno onmnnxra n sycnona, a sancn or mnnro n crnro. noro nma rxa a c
cnyuar, sa a mox ornoo a c roon sa onmnnx no ornomnn na uoxa.
asano : ,or n nsocrax ronnxra na conr n.
Vnncannoro yunn cns sano c nannro na am roa Xncroara axnx n rx scra
xy cra n uoucroro. a roa cnrncrar cronnr nnrnn n mnoxcro noonn n yxonn
crynnnn.
cnuxn r nnxxr xy nacnomna na xoara n annnar xm nro. osn cnomn, csan c nonauannnx
xnor, xoara sanasnxa cn rxonannro. o nnsanocrra nm xm marnannnx xnor ronxoa
ronxma, u cnomnr nornan noxo nocsnannro nm. oxaro roa ccroxnn nonxaa, sa uoxa n
mox a c nanan nourn nnmo. a xoraro ocsna cnomna, nro mox a nas mnnro ,a cran or
nomnr n a c san amnnnx om.
rax momnr yxonara mxona ro oxoca n xonnnnnonnnxr cran sanoua, r.. nnara c sacxa no
scrnro na @%%9(*. o n nn roa n mox a c roon sa xarronuno asnrn! nncxara
nnrua sa cxua roon nycmncnno: xannarr rxa a aorn cc cnnn n nocroxnn nnrc. r nro c
nsncxa nnno crynnucro n ynonro craann. aroa rasn xnnra nn n nnaram nnrnxryann
ornx, a xnam a nomornm sa asnrnro na oxcrnoro cm.
oa cm na cnna, na smoxnocr sa asnrn, xoxro n mox a namna nnro oasa na
nornannx cmrn cn ncrnncxn uox, nnro noxanoro c. oa nn noax or axnxra,
xoxro cnnara na Xncroc ocmcrxa xna sxa c xannara. us cnonranna axnnx or roa
oxocan (nn xoro my c axa n cnnara) cmro mox a c asn. oraa xonnnnnonnnxr cran mox
a nmnn mnonann, xoro c nocrax ocnoara na noara ncna nnunocr.
crnnra, xoxro rasn ocnoa nsrana, uoxa c noyxar ymara n yxr, n r sanouar a
rooxr nro. sncxanro na nonx xnor, xoro no rosn naunn c noyxa yunnxa, ro on xm nn
mnorocrann xon]nnxr n noxa xnsa cmcroro my. amoro cnnnr na nonx xnor, xonro c asnar
nro, nanaar ]ynamnranno smnara my nnunocr. xaro nnr n x n morar a nacnxr acroro
ncno, yunnxr rxa a nsnnnn nncara cocrnoro cn smno cmcro n a noxn nocroxncro
nonca na asymaan na asa. o nnxcnaroro xoocro na @%%9(* sanoua na nnrnsnna
nocr, nn nonc na ]ynamnranna nomxna. osn nonc
mnoroacnxrn n nsncxa nocroxnno, nonxnrnno n c no-noxo onnrnan. xa a c asxn
no ccm noo non na snann n xnor.
B samnm rasn rnaa c yxasannro, u cno oxnx nnan no ornomnn na ocmoca cmcrya na
sycnona onmnnx n u ornoro nn m sa roa orannuno. oxnx nnan sa cnacnn c cxa
norama sa asnrn, xoxro a cnyxn na nananoro uoucro n unnro acnxrn saxonomno c yar.
ra nacranano noo m xrara na rosn nno. roa noo m, xoro c orannuna
nonxnrnnocr, uoxr rxa a sm coro mnn. cxn, xoro nnrxaa nacnomn, nsnan n
no mnn a noxna a c n xaro nynnx cnn nn ama cn.
smaxn nn Xncronr ymn: ,s n n nnmo n moxr, ro rxa a as, u n mox
nnmo nsn Xncroara axnx. amoro camo rx m noc nro cmro na ononnnro. cn roa ro
rxa a c coasn n c ]axra, u nannro na uoucroro om n nnxnmunno.
acramaa nn na noa xaracro]a, samoro conr cnnn crmxn uox norxra n xm
xocmnucxnr rannn mcra, xnaxn us asnnan na aroma a rn nounnn na cocrnnr cn
nnrcn. synrar or roa cmcryamoro xocmnucxo anocn m naymno n xnorr na rasn
smx cramnara my ]oma m cran nsmoxn.
nsxnoro c no-noxo nann na smnoro uoucro rxa a sa ac om nn crnmyn a c
cnacnr or rasn onacnocr us mnrnnocr n crn.
VII
X
axrr, u nnnanxnm xm onasn uacr na uoucroro, xoxro us nonca na nnonmnnxra nornana
no-nncma c]a na smnoro xno, nn oxa o mnoroonn nson.
a-axnnxr or rxx , u no nrx na ranc]nryannxra nn ornoo moxm a c snrnm
nonauannara uomxa xnsnna onacr. nnnxra nanua roa ,nooaxan or oa n yx. oa
osnauaa: nocroxan ornoo na ncnoro rxno na na cmno noa, nnxona nnunocr. s
ocnoa na nacnomna, us ]ynamnranna nomxna, nacxo cronrnno nsxycro n nocmnn rosn
nr on oarno xm amnnnx om.
ra axno uoucroro a cyn nacnomnr, samoro s nro n mox a c on xonnxr
sa saman. oraro cyn, ro rxa a ocmncnn, a ccroxnnro na uoxa cramnara
xnsnna onacr rxa ocnono a c nscna. nomomra na cynnx cnomn uoxr rxa a nanan
no oxrnno cannn mxy cramnoro ccroxnn, mnnanoro n roa, xoro rxa a c nocrnrn
m. oraro nocrnrn xcno csnann, yunnxr mox a sm mnn sa ]ynamnranna nomxna n a
sanoun nnoro ocmcrxan. xy rasn saa ocnoa mox a c sanoun c nsraxanro na noara
nnunocr n a c ouaxa nocmnnro.
n xaro asrnaxm rosn nonc na asnrn, onnaxn c na annocrra, m c orannunm na no
m cc cnnoro:
a cynm naunnamnx xannar nacnomna, xaro nnxcnaro my roonm sa amnnnx om n sa
Vnncannoro yunn.
a my nomaram n a ro nacuaam a nscna n nanmaa c oxrnna ncxnocr cramnoro ccroxnn
xaxro na cocrnnx, raxa n na omouomxnx xnor.
a cnomornm sa nsmanro na non nocrnranro n ocmcrxanro na ]ynamnrannara nomxna.
sraxanro n nocmnnro, xonro cnar cn roa, ocraar sa yunnxa c om ronx. a xoraro
ro nororn sa rsn noncn, ysnnxr my rmn aronrr m my nomorn a nosna rasn uacr
,or oarnnx nr xaro xna n ncrnnna n a x nsn yno.
cxn onnr a c ]ocna rosn nr no cnxynarnn naunn n on o om no-noxo nann n
nomaan ccroxnnro na yunnxa.
axro u oxcnnxm, cncrn na rxonannro uoucro cnxsno na no-nncma onacr na smnoro
xno, xro saxonnr n ornomnnxra ca nanxrnunn, oxaro c]ara, xoxro cm xnnn nn
nannro, r ca crarnunn, r.. nnomnnnn.
oa osnauaa, u cnuxo namnx cxr nounnno na noncnr na noxa, asnr n ynax, samoro
cnuxn nnnocrn c nmar nnarn coxra nornononoxnocr. oa nrr na cramnnx cxr, na
nxonoro, na mnnoro. oa crr, xoro nan nocroxnna asyxa. arno na roa, crr na
crarnxara no uno, nnomnnno cmcryan, cxr na aconmrnara, csana nncrno c ora
cooa acroro ncno.
nanxrnunara xnsnna onacr no noxnxrn, no cmmnno n na mnnocr.
x noxnxrn, samoro ryx nnmo n uno, cnuxo na n cn orna; samoro ooro n snoro sanmno c
yanocxar n nnarn c ncnar; samoro cnuxo roa snaxno n scmncnno.
x mnnocr, samoro nmnno noan nnocroxncroro nnmo uoxa n no n cmo n n mox a
xncrannsna uno; samoro naroann na nnocroxncroro on n noonoro or nro sno nocroxnno
c asymaa n raxa xn nananoro uoucro nxnn.
rasn sxa nn rxa a asrnam n yrn a nnonn saxona cmrra n mnxoxocmnunoro
nnxannan. sn a nsnno mnnocnn cnacnrnnn saxona ca csann c nanxrnunnx xaaxr na
namara xnsnna c]a.
mrra c nnsnxa or nyanocnara omxna na mcrara, nn xoro nonoxanro na xnrxnr
n n xax c rxxnoro nsxaxan. axro nscrno, orannsmr c nonoxa nno or nnnnsnrnno
cm ronnn. xasa c oau, u c runn na mro rosn nonc c saax. sxaxanro naxnx
scranoxanro na cnnnr, nsnocanro no-so or onoxanro, cncrn na xoro uox ymna or
oncrn n sarya na cnnn. us rnnxara smoxno xnorr manxo a c ynxn, no or cmrra uox n
mox a nsxra.
noro asnocranna mncnra, u cn cmrra uox orna unnx cn om. oa oau na
sanya n aconmrno nxno.
axro cxxa yra xnsnna onacr, raxa n nanxrnunara c ccron or nononnn, c]n: smnara
n ornara c]a, xaro nocnnara cmo c asnx na ncna n acxa onacr. n cmrra uomxara
]oma na nsxa c asnaa. smnara c]a ocraar marnannoro rxno, xnara, nnn smna yma, a cmo
n nncmnr ccraxn na rnoro rxno. snannro n ymara, sano c ocrarxa or nnunocrra no-ncmnr
ccraxn na rnoro rxno, acrannoro n mnrannoro rxno, cn nscrn ncro na onnna
nxona onacr nonaar ncnara nnn acxara c]a. n om nn no-xc nnn no-nr ncro
acrannoro n mnrannoro rxno cmo c asnaar. craar csnannro n ymara, xaxro n nxxonxo naaroma
or cxxo rxno. rsn naaromn ocraa sanncana xaro co or cnuxn xnrcxn onnrnocrn cnnnxra na
xnora, xnrcxara xonra.
oraro naxax mnxoxocmocr ocran ccm nasn, cncrn narncxa na xamnunnr cnnn,
xonnnrnann aynunoro cmcro na mnxoxocmoca (nnnnxara), craa noxonmo nnmanro na na
noa cmrna nnunocr. oraa rosn mnxoxocmoc na nnnun or smnnx nnnnnn na nrnro n csan c
na ma onrncxa oxa. oara nnunocr c axa smnara ca, xaro no m na rosn nonc na
csana cmo n c xnara yma na mnxoxocmnunnr cn nmcrnnnn.
axa sanoua nn no xnor, csan c mnnanoro. onnoro sanoua no noo saran naony:
nrmcrnro xm roa sanoua ornoo. axa uoxr, mnxoxocmocr, ocraa nounnn na nonca na
noxa, asnrn n ynax c nncranna saxonomnocr, mox n xnnxn nrn, s nsrnn sa cnacnn.
ox nn uoxr a c cnacn or rosn xroar?
nxora, ocn axo n ocsna ccroxnnro cn na ,nyn cnn n n sm mnn sa saman, xaro c
nonoxn na mnoroxarno cnomnaannx nonc na ranc]nryannx. a roraa ro m c ocoon or
xonnoro na axan n cmr. nro no-ano, nnro no-xcno.
3
oraro uox c namna smnara c]a n noan roa nnrxaa csnann, yma n rxno, cnuxn cnnn n
nornocrnx na rasn c]a c namnar n crar nro xaro na nxymxa, a nmnno:
cnnn or na-ncmara onacr, c]ara na romnnara roa ca cnnnr na Xncroara axnx;
raxa naunnr ,ncnn cnnn or ornannara c]a, r.. or ncnara c]a na ornnx cxr;
acxn cnnn;
cocrnn uomxn cnnn.
3 nx: n an axnor, D9>!" :%(E uacr I, rnaa 18.
uoxr nnnnnx nrara mxy ooro n snoro. onx camnxr ro ccran or rxx, ro c asxca
rmno. V nouro xoa nonaaa snoro, s oau ooro a ono o nnno mnuann. n
yrn rouno oarnoro.
aroa snmxara na anocron an: ,.samoro n ma roa, xoro xnax, a roa, xoro ma, n ro
xnax, ocono xcna. axa uox na oxanar or snoxocro n ymoa, ro c on n c ccnna n n
sarnnan ssarno, axo cmrra n ro ocooxaam. mrra ,sannarara sa rxa, nocnnna or
cmcryanro xaro uomxo cmcro rosn nnon noxx. us nx oau oxnxra mnnocr c oxasa
xonxrno, cnooxaxn nanannx uox. nxonnr naaromn n narncxr na xamnunnr cnnn
nnnyxaar nasnnx mnxoxocmoc a nnm na noa nnunocr n no rosn naunn a nonyun noa smoxnocr
sa noyxan.
oraro cn cmrra uox c ornn or roro, xncrannsnano marnanno rxno n no-ryara uacr na
rnoro rxno, n xnara yma c ornn or ymnoro rxno, roraa ro, sancnmocr or rmnoro cn
nannonno ccroxnn, na nnnun or corrnara onacr cno saxona ,noonoro nnnnua
noono. nxonara onacr ro ocsnaa ccroxnnro cn n nmnnaa corrno acxara nnn
ncnara onacr.
aroa nma cmncn uox a c crmn ryx, na smxra, xm ooro n a c on cc snoro. nxn u c
roa n c nocrnra aconmrnara nn, nannonnnxr xnmu na uoxa or maamo snaunn sa ncrox my
or! am ro c namna mxy arx n ccrn n mox a nonxn aorara cn nn mnoro no-on
ycnonx xaro rcau na crnnnara n ncrnnara cnyxa na uoucroro
4
. am acxnr cnnn n morar
nxrno a my nuar, samoro rxnnxr nannonn xnmu n nm nosonxa a c onnxar o nro.
ornnx cxr or na-ronxmo snaunn ccroxnnro na csnannro, na csnarnnara ynocr. oa
ccroxnn sancn or ymnnx oas, r.. or ymnnr xaucra, xonro ca nnn asnrn us nn o n
nosnrnn xnor. xo nannn ronxmo xonnucro nonoxnrnno ymno xaucro xaro synrar or nn
ncrnnn n o xnor ( amxnr
na nanxrnunnx xnor), roraa or roa snnxa no mnoro cnnno csnann sa cmcryan ornnx cxr.
ma cmo raxa n xoa c mnoro nrarnno ymno xaucro, xoro synrar or csnarnno on nom
xnor. rosn cnyua cmo c asna cnnno csnann sa cmcryan ornnx cxr. oa uno ymno
csnann nn ocono nomn nnunocrn mox a ronxoa nnamnuno, u r u n morar a namxr
smoxnocr sa nsxa na nnunocrra n nar orrrnnn or c]nr na smnoro nrn. nnnxra nanua roa
ccroxnn ,saxnxn na-ronxmara rmnnna. sn cmcra, xaxro c nnonara, nar ynnmoxnn no
ornomnn na nsxara cn, rxxnara yxona ncxa c sama nasna oarno xm ansoa.
nma n mnoro xoa, xonro oxr nannno nonornun xnor, xoro nnro ocono nom, nnro ocono
o. a rxx cmnocr nnmo n mox a c xax: roa xnorr na noccrnnr xoa. nnrxaar
manxo ymnn xaucra n saroa n morar a saxar sanro csnannro cn ornnx cxr, noan xoro
so nsnaar no ccroxnn na nocsnarocr n ymara nm yxanno nsusa. xaro xnsnnara xonra,
xoxro ca cann mnxoxocmoca cn, nsnno na, xonnoro na xnora rn rnacxa so xm
nnrxan noa nnunocr. oonn mnxoxocmocn c nyxaxr or nsnno mnoro smnn xnorn.
xaro ornoro uoxr ocaxarn n n nnrxaa nnnonnn orannsm, a sa no-nararmnnx nr
nyxna rnannx or ony naro, cnuxn xnrnn na ornnx cxr ca nnnynn a c sanar smnara
c]a. amoro ncnoro rxno mox a sxcn camo xaro noonsran nxnocrn rncn oas.
4 xo oau na uox my c yano a namn nrx xm aconmrnoro oo xnora, roraa ro mox, ocoon or ornnx cxr, a cn
ocnryn om ryx ocrn xm axyyma na Bamana nnn xm no om no-snmno n nxacno asnrn (nx D9>!" :%().
croxr ornnx cxr, mnxoxocmnunoro ocmncnxn na xrara or xnora, ra (c mnoro nsxnmunnx)
nnnnsnrnno 600-700 ronnn. a rax nno or m xnsnnnr ycnonx raxa ca c nomnnnn, u no-
craxr ccm non onnrnocrn n nannno non smoxnocrn. xymnno uoxr, r.. mnxoxocmocr,
nsyunn ornoro mnoro yonn n nryanno c asnn or ,acxn ,ncn xnrn.
ox a c xax, u nn nomanno axan cxxo r noax or ncnara c]a, no omnno cc
coxra xama. yr cnyuaxr oau, xoraro sauarnro c nsma c nxomno craann, s xnann sa
r, nnn nnxno ccroxnn, no nnxnn na naxornnn nnn nyocr. auarnro nn n marnx n axo c
nsmn ccroxnn na xcrmna noxanocr, smoxno cc cmro a c cnnxr cmcra or acxnr
onacrn.
axax om nxxonxo ymn sa xnara yma. n cmrra, xaxro xasaxm, ryx ocraar marnannoro rxno n
no-ryara uacr na rnnx onnx, no cmo n xnara yma. axo osnauaa roa?
nara yma yxr, xnoro xo na xra, xoro xn rncnnx oas nxnocrnocr. n cmrra
ymara c asnx. ncmnxr acnxr na csnannro, snnunara yma omoro xno ymno xo na cnuxn
nanxrnunn xnorn, nonaa ornnx cxr. ncmnxr acnxr na csnannro ocraa ryx. o nncmro
ymno xo na roxy-mo nnxnmunnnx xnor. ,ncm xo n osnauaa ,no-nomo xo', a nnunara yma,
xnoro xo na nnunocrra na rocnonn X nnn rocnoxa V.
asn xna yma mox a c snnm xaro onax c no crnnnno xo. xo uox c xonnnrna
xy nx, rx ucro nnma ]omara na nnmnara uomxa nnunocr. oa ocroxrncro nnunna sa
mnoxcro
sanyn, na xonro cnnnrncrnr craar xra.
nara yma cxa cnuxn xnsnnn cronocrn na nounnannx xaxro onr, raxa n nomnr. x ucro
c naaa xaro xno nacncro na csann no yx xoa. axoa no nacncro mox a
snnro n csnarnno. o ro mox a nnx na mnoro xoa n nocsnarnno: xy no cmcro, nao,
aca. m nou, u xnnr ymn or noon n nmar cocroro a c nnnnuar.
xy rosn ]axr c ocnoaar yunnxra sa xra n mnoro cran nnrnosnn nannn n nannx, xaxro n
xynrr xm nanr, xoro ucro mox a c nsxn r nourano y an nao. yxonnr xnn
sxn morar a crar mnoro acrnuno.
VIII
u
axro u asrnaxm nnmnara rnaa, nanxrnunara onacr c ccron or c]n, a nmnno smnara
c]a n ornnx cxr. mrra n ocooxaa uoxa or nanxrnunara onacr, ro camo nmnnaa or na
c]a yra. smnara c]a uox nmnnymo na sacrnrnar or cmrra. axa n asnrnro ornnx
cxr ro rnacxa, r.. nnnyxaa mnxoxocmoca a nnm na noa nnunocr, samoro uoxr ornnx cxr
n nnrxaa nxnocrna nnunocr.
o rosn noc sornunnr xro onxnono c roon sa nnxanannx, nnn naxan, xaro c
nymaa ccm nocnoarnno, u cmcrya nmo noono na ,xnor cn cmrra.
oxr nn a xaxr, u nosnaar nxxo am nnmno cmcryan? moxr! oraro amro
nnono cmcro ym, c runn na mro nxnara ama nnunocr nannno nsusa. amo ]ynamnrannnxr
ornn nnnnnn, xoro n an xnor, c ma oarno xm ncmro c, xm aynunoro cmcro. axro
xyuro c asnara sa nxxonxo nn, cmoro n nn uoxa, no sa nn no-nr nno or m, axo ro ocran
smnara nnoa.
ox nn a c xax, u ncmnxr as nosnaa nxxo nnmno cmcryan? ! o cmcrya camo
nx! rooro cmcryan sanounano soara na rxonannro n nonxaa o n nmn,
nxn mnoroonnr nomnn n cmnn na nnunocrra.
ncmnxr as, aynunoro cmcro, na cnxna, nsnnsnana c or ynannn, rnacxama nan cnnoa
cryxrya, unro noyxr nnanrara amxnr na mnxoxocmoca, r.. uomxara nsxa, ornoo n ornoo c
asymaa.
noarnno roa n nnxaxa nnxanannx, nnxaxo naxan na nnunocrra. n cmrra or
rnnnara yma n ocraa nnmo. mrnara yma, cmcroro na amnx as, nsusa nannno. r ac xaro
cmrna yma n ocraa nnmo. axro marnannoro rxno craa na nax n nnn, raxa sarna n cmrnara
yma: ,ymara, xoxro rmn, rxa a ym. axo nmo ymxno, roraa rosn cmncn ro aconmrno
mro.
amo axo ymara n cranana scmrna us nooaxan or oa n yx, r.. us ranc]nryannx,
roraa nryanno moxr, axo rx rona sa ynora, a c sanr ooonno, sa a aornr
nnxoro, nncraamo cnacnrnno no na Vnncannoro arcro cnyxa na nxnoro uoucro. rosn
cnyua oau noncr na axan nornua no yr naunn.
sxa c roa mox a snnxn nocr xaxo c nma nn c ,xonnoro na axan n cmr.
n moxr a asr scrnro na rosn xroar camo axo ro asrnxar sxa c nxnocrnnx
mnxoxocmoc. ra nn ncxam a cnm o ryx n a n nnnomnnm, u mnxoxocmocr nnarn na
nsnasan, samoro nrooro ymno cmcro n nnunocrra ca cmrnn. aroa mnxoxocmocr c rn
cmrnara nnoa noono na rnro na xonnoro n nocroxnno rxa a nnma na cmrna yma
coxra cncrma. oa nonxaa ororaa, oxaro na raxaa yma us nonca na ranc]nryannx c
scranon nonauannoro nncro na yx, yma n rxno n no rosn naunn c a smoxnocr na
mnxoxocmoca a c san oarno xm xnannx or ora nonauann nxcx.
axax nxm ncxann a ornxnm, u sa rnocrnxa rsn nma ca nnno xcnn noan ]axra, u nrxr na
rnocrnunoro asnrn on xm no-ncoxn nnnocrn, xm nosnann or na xa. amo nnoccrnoro
nosnann or na xa mox a scra ocooxaamo. asymno-nacrnn ]nnoco]cxn srnn n na
uncra nnrnosnocr na no rxa a oasyar ocnoara sa roa ryx.
nocrnuno-sornunn nscnannx oxasar no cmn naunn ncrnnara na ronsnoxnoro.
nnxanannxra, naxanro na mnxoxocmoca noccrom na cmrna nnunocr ]axr! nnrnnxr
rnocrnx mox a nocnn nxnocrnnx mnxoxocmnun nnxanannonn nonc. o nn cnacnrnn saxon,
nocnnna or namro rxonann. o cyo, no nxn roa nsnno mnnocrn saxon, samoro
ocnryxa nsxara na uoxa n ro nocrax n na n mnoro ryna saaua.
Vcranonxm u, u cncrn na naymnnx nonc na omxnara na mcrara, ryx n mox a nma
un xnor. oronoro noran cmrra noxasa, u uox c om n nayunn ronxmara saaua, noan
xoxro ryx, n u om n sanounan nonca na rnannx. Voxr rxa a c nayun "0(, samoro camo ryx
nn samn ron rncn oas my axa csnann, yma n rxno. roa ccroxnn rxa a c nocron
nooro ncno rxno, samoro craoro rxno nomomnoro ccro, c xoro mox a nocrono
scmrnoro rxno! noarnno noncr na rnannx rxa a sanoun ram, xro cranano
asymaanro na craoro.
aroa uoxr, r.. mnxoxocmocr, nnsan xm xonnoro na axan n cmr. n cmrra nnarn
cna na noa nnunocrna nsxa. aroa cxxa nsxa na nnunocrra noa smoxnocr sa ocooxaan na
mnxoxocmoca.
a xoraro uox c nayunn a ran ncnoro cn rxno n nana croxa, nn n na momnrr,
xoraro ro c ocooxaa or xonnoro na axan n cmr. oraa nroara cmr no sxcnn
cnoro nacro, oxcrnnx noxx, a n nonaan yrara nanxrnuna c]a, xoxro n
ncranxana sa nro na-mnoro om nn nxo xm crnanro my ncrnncxara cooa na
oxcrnnx noxx.
na raxaa rancmyrannx rxnoro mox a ronxoa cmna, u sa cmr crnrnno u a n
mox a c roon. nnnxra c xasa: ,or ro snc. moro c xasa nannm n sa oc, nnx n
nox.
n mxnnnara ]asa nonca na rancmyrannxra c oasya no csnann rna noo n crao.
cnuxn cnacnn ca yuacrnnnn acroro na crnnnara. ca ocoonn us nonca na ,noro
sxcnn, xaxro ro nanua nnnxra. n morar a ar sacrnarn or ,roara cmr. ,roara cmr
nacoua xm xax na rosn nanxrnun nno n nauanoro na no ,n na nsxa. osn no n m nnsnxa
asnxn mxy nnonnr n ocraamnr n m onc nn no Xncro nmnync.
cnuxn mnxoxocmocn, xonro om n morar a yuacrar nonca na noro sxcnn, ocraar
csann cc saxona na nnxanannxra, xaxro n c yrnx cnacnrnn saxon, axona na xamara, saxona sa
nnunnara n cncrnro, xoro rnacn: ,axoro nocm, roa n m noxnm.
oa osnauaa, u cnamnxr xnor na nnunocrra
c csa cc cramnnx no nornuno-nayun nr.
axoro uox sanounan, rxa a ro omn, xaxoro nnunnnn, roa m ro nocrnrn. oara ]asa na
cmcryan sanoua ram, xro samnna nnmnara.
nxo n nonyuaa nnocnnna saaua n cxn xnor nocn c cn ocn no m, n na smoxnocr.
sxara c mnnanoro cmcrya, no cmmnno nn c noxasa nn nr na ocooxnn. amoro axo
mnnanoro n mox a c nomnn, ro xamnunnxr saxon ocrax coona smoxnocrra a nsnonsam
nacroxmro no nannnnx naunn.
nxn roa xamnunnxr saxon nscrn cmncn smnnocrn, samoro xara na cara n csnannro
sa nonnnocr morar ronxoa a narxar, u uox nannno a c orua. o ornomnn nnsxnocrra
na rosn smnnocrn saxon orooxcannoro xncrnxncro n roco]nxra cn noaar n. arannoro
asnan sa crnro na xamnunnx saxon nnunnnno mnoro craannx, samoro ornma cmnocrra na
xoara.
osn saxon na asnnarara nancrnna c onocrxa or cnuxn cronn nnrnn, xaxro n or xncrnxncroro.
oa nn nornun saxon n nncrnnxr naunn xoara a morar a ocsnaxr cocrnoro cn ccroxnn.
oa n osnauaa, u rosn saxon rxa a cra sxano, samoro ro mox a samnn or nn yr
saxon axona sa onomaan na rxor.
xo n ocsnar ccroxnnro cn n rrnr no nrx na rnannxra, xaxro c nocoua or
xncrnxncroro, roraa mro na xor, nnara na mnnanoro mox a nmaxnara. axonr na
xamara n xama n xn ronxoa nro, xonxoro ro nnsnxar. o rxa a n ocoon, axo n c
nounnnr na saxona sa onomaan na rxor corrcrn c asyma n moana, no nn ycnon, u
nsmnr na anxanna nomxna xnora cn. ,omxna orooxcannnx cmncn na sanya,
monnonanna axrnnocr, xoxro cno xamnunnx saxon nnxax cnyua n mox a ocooxaama.
smoxnocrra sa onomaan na rxor nayun nonc, xoro na nsnuan or axnxra
naxrnxyanro na @%%9(*.
cn roa rxa a c ornxn, u nnxanannxra nnxax cnyua n na a c orxcrxa c
onmnnxra. amoro, xaxro u ornxsaxm, onmnnxra nnnnyanna n ycnona. occrom
rnocrnunoro xncrnxncro nn c oxocam o axona na onmnnxra. us coxra xra n us axnxra
Xncroc oax xm mxra n xm nanxrnunara nnunocr na uoxa nn no nmnr, naroann na xoro
r nonyuaar smoxnocrra a nmaxnar nocnnnnr or xncrannsannxra n cn roa ornoo a sanounar c
nonca na onmnnx.
amara nnuna onmnnx sancn or mnnro n aorara n ncyc Xncroc. oraa xamara n u
conocn saxon, samoro m nornnara or Xncroara cnna. oa nnsasnmara oxnx nmo
Xncroc: us cnacnrnnnr saxonn ro nn xn nsxa n naxax na, sa a nn cnacn.
nacnnro oau n aromarnun nonc, xaxro ccm xcno asaxm or nnmnnr ocm rnan, a
nn mnorocrann, nnrnnrnrn nonc, na xoro uox rxa ccm csnarnno a crynnun. noro
na axnxra nsnxno sancn or roa. aorara na @%%9(* c noxasa ncrnncxara cn crnnna roa
aorara na Xncronr mncrnn na nocmnn.
nra na rsn mncrnn a c ocmcrn noro sxcnn nn xonxoro c mox nou xoa n a c
oasya no xo or crynnnn cnyxa na Xncroc. noarnno uoucroro camo rxa a c cnacn.
rosn cmncn rxa a c asnar ymnr na anocron an (nnnnxnn 2/12): ,...nsaorar cnacnnro
cn crax n rnr; samoro xana cmrxa nnxo n mox a ycn s yrnx.
ocmnnro ycxona onmnnx, sa a morar nonyunnr us nx cronocrn a c ynorxr sa
nocrnran na nnxara nn oxonuarnnoro cnacnn na nxnoro uoucro. nn uox, xoro nnrxaa
rax crmx, mox a ynaxnxa nacxoro nsxycro. o craa na-osnxon.
a a moxm a cn nomaram sanmno no rosn nr, nn nnrxaam na mxona, no cnnoo non, xoro
aorara na @%%9(*, noxnxna or Xncroara axnx, crnra o asnrn. cxn, xoro nnrxaa
rmna roronocr n cnoconocr a n no rosn nr, mox a ns Bxonara xaro nororxm c yunnx
n a mnn no mocror, xonro cmcryar nn nac sa rasn nn. uycroro na nocroncro n na a ro
cnna. annarr rxa a cn cnomnn Xncronr ymn: ,...samoro oxra cnna morma cnanr. rsn
oxyaxnrnnn cnoa mox a sanoun cxn cnosn xannar.
IX

u X
xo c onnram a am orroo na noca: ,ax snnxa nn nanran xocmoc?, roa m o n o
yrn nocn, xaro nannm: r xaxo nonsnnsa onnro? axo ncranxa marnxra, c xoxro
onr ocmcrxa ox nnan na nsxa?
no Vnncannoro yunn sxanoro nocrancro na cnnara nsnnnno or nacycrannnx,
nauna cmo n ,xocmnucxa xonna camocroxrnnocr. xnnrara 5& 5$"%$"" =4?4 FC#"
='%($)*%$(" @$""G c xasa: ,xma nasno nocrancro.
nnmoro nocrancro roa namcro c ccron or aromn na asnnunn nmnrn coono
ccroxnn. a namnr ncran oxr na aromnr sxano ronxm. na uacr or nmnrnr ca nscrnn na
yunnr, no om no-ronxma uacr ca aconmrno nnscrnn.
cxn arom cnna, cxn nn arom c xn morm nornnnan. xo c samncnnr, n m moxr a cn
ncranr, u rouno roa namcroro, c xoro orocr c nsxxa, u nxnoro ronn nno
nocrono n c noxa or rosn marnan.
cxn arom nma cocroro a nsnua n nnrxaa onnn anyc na crn. anycr na crn
na nxxon aromn mox a onon c nomomra na rnoro snn. n yrn aromn, xaro nannm nn
anx, roa nuo scrn mox a ycranono no yr naunn.
Xnmnnnr n nnoonsnnrarnnr ca ccroxnn a nsnonsar crcrnoro nsnuan na aromnr. us
csaan na aromnn cnnnnx na asnnunn nmnrn r nocrnrar nsymnrnnn synrarn n scrnx.
nannunnr mrann n asnnunnr nrnn rxnnnnr cmo morar a nocrnrnar sanxnrnnn ronnx.
nxn roa c om n cmcrya uox, xoro mox a ocoon nnnnx nornnnan na aroma, nroara
crnrnna cnna. nxo n asna ncrnncxoro nsxycro na xnnx asna nnnnx my oxar. , cnaa
ory, samoro oxnro ronn na mnra n cranano nsmoxno noan xoncxnx xaaxr na cmnnnx
uox.
raara oxynrna nayxa xasa: ,arnxra ncranxa xncrannsnan yx. amarnxra, nnn
nacycrannnxra, xncrannsnan yx, xoro c nsxxa asnnunn nmnrn.'
oa oomno rnn oau r nrouno n nnannno. snnxanro na xocmnucxara xonna
camocroxrnnocr sacra c om rana. xo uox c nax sna nmo sa ccraa na aroma, ro sa nrooro
snnxan oau n sna nnmo. oxm a xaxm: yxr nsnonsa nacycrannnxra, sa a c nsxn nx no
onnn nnan, cno onnna nx. oucxnxr nnan na yxa nnma ]oma nx.
acycrannnxra, roa, or xoro cnuxo nonsnxsno, c cnomnaa nnr ]nnoco]nn xaro ,oa',
nnn ,naoa'. rasn sxa xncrnxncroro roon sa ,xna oa. mnronornxra nryn orr na
xnara oa, oxn c rnsn (cnmon na rnr roucxn cnnn na or), nsnnsa or xnara oa xaro
nocrnrn n oau oxcrnoro ccroxnn na nrnro.
oraro no oxcrno cmcro nnn axnx nsnnnxa onnn nnan na oroca, roraa c car
nnr cnoa: ,yxr oxn c nocm na onr.
oraa na onnna nacycrannnx, cxama c cn cnuxn nmnrn, sanoua a c xonnnrna
n a c crcrxa. oa nauanoro na nn nanran xocmoc. oraro macara na nacycrannnxra c crcrn
ocraruno, xoro na marnxra, no onnna xnmnucxa ]omyna (xoxro cno onnro asnnuna
sa cxn xocmoc), sanoua uacrnun xn asna, nocnan or yxacna xcnnosnx, or xoxro c asna
noxrna romnna, nn craxorn orn nnamrxma mom.
asn cxynnocr or nnsnxann axnnn n xaracro]a, nsnxsna nsn xonron, n onnr,
xcnnmnrnan, a ynanxm nonc cronara xoaunnna. nnxr nonc c namna no aconmrn
xonron!
no nn onnn nnnnnn rosn momnr sanoua orannxra, xoxro c sanxsa om nn crcrxanro
na marnxra. anouar a c nsxxar mnoroonn sanmoornomnnx mxy rn n runn mcra n
raso, mxy nnn n nacrn. axa c nn nanran xocmoc, no mo non sa asnrn na so
cmcra. nryn nsnua roucxoro cn ,Fiat! (,a !)
ax nn ocmoc nnxora n mox a ynnmoxn nnn a ormnn. o mox a nomnn or
cmnx oxcrn ron, us xoro snnxar nnarn ,non nn na nsxa. sor na nroara cnna oau
nnxora n mox a ncxn.
s cnnx nonmc rosn nso c saxana c nsonnn or cnnn. oa, xoro nxm mornn a naum
,nsasxoann ronnn mcra, c orxa nan ns
mxnnx nonmc. noarnno nnno nsasxoan na nxnara nannuna nrnx us xn asna na cnuxn
cmcryamn ocmoca aromn nnxora n mox a cran, samoro cnro na ocmoca c namna
nnanrannxr moro, xoro nnxcnaro c saxana orn
5
.
cnro na mxra nma nn morm nnr or smoxnocrn, no cnxno, nsnuamo cn, nn orn
rnxr na nmora, xoro ron sa nac.
xa unrarnxr nn nocrn nmnrannx rxnnucxn nnm, xoro nsnonsaxm. n ro nananxm, sa a
ycnr a cn nsranr na-oma ncraa sa roa, xoro c cnyua, n ro xaro asa sa namnr no-nararmnn
oxcnnnx.
oraro cnuxn rsn cnnn n nrnn c ocooxr cnro na mxra us xonronnan xn asna n
cnyxa na nnxoro no, a nmnno nocroxan na no non na asnrn, nn om sa oxnnr na, roraa
rsn cnnn nmnnaar ns asnnunn noncn, nsnonsaxn asnnunn anxnmnunn ]omynn, nn a c
nocrnrn xnannx nsynrar. axro na xma nocrnnno c craxa or mnoro aornnnn c asnnunn
cnnnannocrn, rananrn n no]cnonannn nosnannx n craa onrama, raxa n nn nsraxanro na nn
nanran xocmoc yuacrar mnnnan cronrnn. noroonn xnsnnn nnn xaxro nouomxn, raxa n
cxuomxn, aorxr sa nnxoro no. uomxara xnsnna nna cmo aornna nancronucxn
mna sa nocroxanro na coro cocrno xnnnm.
omnxr nnnnnn, u ,cnuxo, xoro snnxa, synrar or crnro na uomxn rnan, uomxn
cna n uomxn n, u ,onr c nsxxa us conr ronnx, nma mnorocranno snaunn.
cnuxn nouomxn, uomxn n cxuomxn cmnocrn, xonro aorxr rnranrcxnr aornnnnnn na
nanrannx xocmoc, nno no cocrnnx cn om nnn sa yrn, ronxmara cn uacr nmar ryx na mxra coxra
xnsnna onacr, coro mxcro na ncro.
na a cmxrar, u rasn xnsnna onacr nxn na %9 nnocxocr rx cmcrya na asnnunn nna,
onacrn, c]n nnn cno, namnamn c no nnn nn na yrn. raxn or mnoro xo nan,
nmnnaam ns asnnunnr cno. xa a c nayunr a asrnxar cxn nn cno xaro onnna
aornnnnna, nocrna na an nonc cnyxa na nxnoro, na nara nn.
5 noarnno aromnr na asnnunnr cno n c asnnar. (Vnanxmnxr or axnxra nonc na xn asna c ocmcrxa
cnro na mxra - n..)
xo cra n nananr rmxara a nnmr namara xnsnna onacr xaro na-ncm cno or nanrannx
xocmoc, roraa moxm a nonxnm namro nanmnn xy raxa nocrnrnarara ocnoa.
Bom cnro na mxra c sanoun c xnnx asna, xaro synrar c ornxr nrnn, no n na c
nn nonoxnrnn n nn nrarnn nonmc, a nrnn, nn roa c a nonoxnrnnn n a ornnarnnn
nonmca. oa ca nornononoxnn nrnn, r.. oarno ornomnn na xm yra nara cnna
nornononoxnnxr nonmc na yrara.
oraro rsn nrnn cn sanmocrar, r morar a csaar uyo no nnsasnmo nnxonnn,
nsnnnno or sxano macrn. o axo roa sanmocrn nnnca, r c nmar yxacxam, xaornun
orn. nnmarnnnxr unrarn m as, u rsn nrnn ca saronn nn n cmn arom. Bom c
ocooxr, r rxa a cn sanmocrar coono n nnamnuno, corrcrn c nxra, xoxro nxn
ocnoara na xnnx asna. rxa a oxaxar coro oxcrno nnsann.
a no-ronxma narnnocr nxa smm sa nnm no xonno. acror sma nau xnxso, r.. aromn na
xnxsoro, xonro sano oasyar na maca. o nsxoaa xnxsoro ]omara na xonno n ro nsnonsa sa
conr nnn. yxonnxr nnnnnn, xoro nxn ocnoara na xonnoro, nxnn, cxoocr, axrnnocr,
nrarnna cnna. xo nn asnnanro na aromnr na xnxsoro moxxm roucxn a mncnnm sa xonnoro,
ro u n nnrxaano c cn nsonnr no-ro xaucra. oraa nxm mornn a roonm sa no xno
xonno. nxrnucroro ncranxa nsnuanro na onnnn aromn. xo moxxm a asnnam rsn
aromn, roraa mxxm a nnrxaam na xna cnna, crma n ronnma or camo c cn. oraa nxmam a
c nyxam or rxnnucxa anaarya, sa a nsnonsam nsnuanro na nxxon aromn sa nonyuaan na
crnnna n ronnnna.
cnuxn rsn cnnn, cnuxn noonn roucxn annsannn ca smoxnn us ocooxaanro na r
nrnn aroma, namnamn c oarno ornomnn na xm yra. us xnnx asna oau moxm cmo
raxa mnrnono a ynnmoxnm nxn nao.
mcryar n romn na oxcrnara ncxa, xonro ca cmnocrra na cnnx uox. aroma na
oxcrnara ncxa, or xoro cm nonsnsnn, nauanoro nmano nrnn, cmcra, xonro ca nnn
aconmrno nornononoxnn n c nornononoxna nonxnsannx: mx-xna, xonro sano ca oasyann no
xocmnucxo ynncro. osn arom nn asnnn nauanoro na namro ronn. n rosn asna ca c
ocoonnn mormn cnnn, xonro rxano a c yuar a aorxr sano cooa n cmncro.
cooara r ornoo m c cmnar, no n sa a c oxar sanmno, xaxro nauanoro, a sa ocmcrxanro
na cnnara, na oxcrnnx uox rxx.
xamonnunoro cn sanmocrn r nrnn aroma na oxcrnara ncxa c osnauaar cnmonnuno n
xaro ,oro na xnora. cxxa or rxx cra ornno xaro ,oro sa nosnann na ooro n snoro.
oraro r nrnn na oxcrnara ncxa c ocooxr cnro na nanrannx xocmoc, r nar onn
naro ns asnnunnr onacrn. cxxa onacr r nmnnaar ns onnn nonc n nsmar
onnna aora nonsa na nxnoro.
annxr nonc, synrarr, c noxxa na-ronara, ncmara onacr. am r nrnn c
nmar uyna xacora, cmn, naxn xan noyxr cmnoro ynncro. nnxr nnan,
xoro nxn ocnoara na anxnmnunnx nonc, ryx nsxxa cox synrar.
oa naxncro, roa aconmrno cmncro nan na-ncmara onacr na cxn nanran xocmoc.
o ornomnn na mnnx xocmoc nn nanuam rasn onacr oxcrnnx noxx, acroro ncno nnn
na-ncmara ,roma c]a. roa naxncro xnm nonauannoro uoucro, cooara na
sanmocramnr cn nrnn, xocmnucxo ynncro, cnacnnro na aroma na oxcrnara ncxa.
uoxr m oxn r. o xnm oxcrnara ranna n c nsxxam xnora n cmcryanro
na or c cnuxn csann c roa xaucra n cnoconocrn.
rosn a c namnam oro na xnora, oa-
sr na sanmocramnr cn nrnn, orroaxm na
anxnmnucxara ]omyna: sa, cnna n scmrn xaro nnomnnnn cronocrn.
crcrno, ram c namnam n oro sa asnan na ooro n snoro saannoro o. amoro no
naymaan, snoynora nnn ]ocnan na sanmocramnr cn nrnn nmnnymo om o nmacrnx,
xaracro]n n cmr, xaro nnoonoxonma nocnnna or asymaanro na xnsnnnx nnnnnn.
xnsnnara onacr, xoxro cra xnm, r nrnn c om crar noornno. nrnxra, xoxro
moxm a osnaunm xaro xncxa, c rnxn sa acnmnnannxra n acrxa; roara nrnx, mxxara, c rnxn sa
nsxara n ocmcrxanro.
nanxrnunara nnoa rsn asnnn nocrn orxnam n xnnnro na nomra, xoxro xn cxyra
cn nauanoro na nx, n xnnnro na nx, xoro xaa cnnnro na xnora a nsrxa. arnnara na namara
xnsnna onacr rxa a nanxrnuna, r.. nnocroxnna, cnama nn onnn nrmnun saxon.
aroa nnnxr nnon nonc ryx, na smxra, rxa a xaaxrnsnan c asnrn n ynax, samoro
r nrnn noornno n ca crarnunn. axa noxara, asnrr n ynaxr c nsasxar c naymno
anocn. mo n asnnoro crn na r nrnn rxa a cxa c cn asyxa n cmr.
oraro uox nanycn nnnnnna na ncrnncxnx xnor, naymaaxn oxcrnoro anocn, xocmnucxara
xamonnx, ro na nnnun or na no-nncma onacr. oraa ro rxa a nayun xaxn ca nocncrnxra
or nnocnymannro xm or. uoxr rxa a nsnnra xaxo osnauaa a xnm n cmcryam nn
nanxrnun cron noxx.
cronxra na uoxa nn oxasa, u nancrnna c cnyunno raxoa nann c yxacnn nocnnnn. uoxr
saryn cnomna cn n onooun nnonnr cnnn n runnx rasn xnsnna onacr. o asnocrann snoro xaro
saasno axoo saonxan, xoro oxana nxnara xnsnna onacr, samoro maxa n ornn or or, uoxr
nonxaa a nn martocnnx.
oxara na snoro crana smoxna us nxomnoro asnrn, xoro uox nnsnxa, noccrom onasn
nrnx, xoxro c oosnauaa xaro xncxa. ax nonsxor na nrnara sa a.
axa ooro, xaro nornononoxn nonmc na snoro, nonana c no-ryno nonoxnn. synrarr or
roa noxara na na nsxnmunrnno ]aranna n rxona nanxrnxa, xoxro nnnno onna nnonara
nanxrnxa na rasn xnsnna onacr n n corrcra us:
axan n cmr,
noxa, asnr n ynax,
asyxara na carannsma,
nsxnmunrnno rynoro saman xm no-on ycnonx.
oa, xoro nc sno, nn nonrnnara roa nrnx, anrnno na yrara nrnx, nanuana nc oo.
asn roa nrnx xncxara nrnx, no u orannuna n onoouna. mnocrra na snoro nnarn
nrarnna n nnxnnro my on nnarn o nrarnnn synrarn.
oraro nrnnr xoro na mxra c ocooxr, mnara c]a, xonnnrannxra or nacycrannnxra,
sanoua a crn. mnnxr orn, xoro c nocn na onr, c nma crnnna. rasn crnnna c
ornxr ronnnna n romnna, r.. smoxnocrn sa asnrn na xnor nnxnxr nnan craa nnm.
osn crm, nyncnam xnor, xoro cnuxn onacrn ocmcrxa nn nonc, na saaua, moxm a
cannm c ymara, c xra na nanrannx xocmoc. cxxa onacr rasn x nma onnn ccra, no
asnnun or rosn na yrnr onacrn, cncrn na xoro craa xcno, u cmcrara, xonro xnxr na
onnna onacr, nnrxaar x, corrcrama na crnnnnnx nnnnnn na anara onacr. aroa nn
nmam x, xoxro namna nsas n oraxnn asnxnro na r nrnn.
ymara, xra, cxa c cn nnnnnna na nx n nomra, na ooro n snoro, na crnnnara n
rmnnnara. ymara n xra ca rxonn n csann cc snoro na rasn onacr. xnoro o]omno cno
cmnx nnnnnn na rxonocr n saroa ouno na cmr. nyrnr, cycrannnxra na rxa xra nn,
ncranxa carannncxara cnna na xncxara nrnx.
us roa ccroxnn na xra uoxr nnsan xm xonnoro na axan n cmr, xm onacrra na
nanxrnxara, n ocraa ram, oxaro no scrn na yxonnx narncx na nacnomna
ocsna sarynara cn cnnonocr,
nos cramnoro cn ccroxnn,
as nnra na cnnara n
nanan non xm anxanna nomxna xnora cn,
n xaro synrar or cnuxo roa, c san amnnnx om.
sxa c roxasanoro, xaxo a mncnnm no ornomnn na aromnara oma? a-omo xasano: axo
ornomnn nmam xm xnnx asna na aroma?
xy roa noo orxnrn na nayxara nnraryara xasa cnnoro: ,sasr !9$% $'29 ncrn
asnnunn nro, nsnua nsnnnna c naxa crnnna n nn xaa a muram sa smoxnocrn, xonro nn
n m nn orar o acxara noxa na rxnnxara.
n nnxax cnyua n cnonxm rsn murannx! anorn, nxam xax or roa cmnno orxnrn
na nnoosnannro nonsnnsa xonocanna xaracro]a. x mox a nnna camo or sornnn, xonro
n ca nonanann cra na rxnnxara n nnonnr nayxn.
na c naunnr sa asnnan na aromnr na nmnra yan, non raxa c rn. raa yma oau sa
mnoro cnaa nmnrannx na roa, xoro c ocmcrxa cnro na mxra no xoocroro na axnxra
na crnnnara. mcryar so nmnrn n roa, xoro ymxr namnr yunn-martocnnnn, mox a c
cann c nocrnxnnxra na rnnrcxnr martocnnnn, xonro nnccrnro na ]aaona ca c onnrann a
nmnrnar marnxra na oc.
oa orxnrn ncranxa onacnocr or na-ncoxa crnn, samoro us ocooxaanro na xnara
nrnx xoara c onnrar a nocrnrnar nnn: 1. saan na ccra sa macoo ynnmoxnn. 2.
asnrn na rxnnxara.
macrnro, xoro c nnunnxa us crmxa sa nocrnran na nara nn, ccm ounno. n oau
rxa o a asr, u n ronxr acnxr na raxa naunara ,mnna ynora na xnara nrnx m
nnunnn aconmrno nmacrn camoyncroro na rosn cron .
cnro na mxra c ocmcrxa nn ynanxm nonc na xn asna, sa a morar cnuxn onacrn a
ar cnann c noxonmara nrnx. ocra yrnr mnn onacrn aromnr n ca nnn asnnann,
nanorn ram nma noasyan na aromnn cnnnnx. on n cra moxm a c naxam, u roa,
xoro nc c nanua ,xn asna, cmnocr n , a craa noc sa nman na aromnr na nn
onnn nmnr aromnr na yrn nmnrn. yrn ymn, nmnrr yan n ncrnncxn nmnr, a
cnnnn na onnn o nnosnarn nmnrn, ocooxaann nn asnaa. nrnxra, xoxro c
ocooxaa nn roa, mox a morma, no n mox a c canxa c nrnxra, xoxro c ocooxaa nn
ncrnncxnx xn asna na aroma.
nmnara cnryannx c xn ronxma onacnocr, samoro aromnnxr noxx, xoro nan cnuxn onacrn
na nanrannx xocmoc, c naymaa nannno or rasn coonna, anrnnnona namca ocnonnr rannn
uacrnnn na ocmoca. yrn ymn: cmo n ,mnnara ynora na xnara nrnx m o o xocmnuc-
xn nomnn. sanmoornomnnxra mxy onacrnr m c nomnxr. B c asnxr ccm yrn runnx, sa
a c norarn naymaanro na anocnro. sxa c roa nn nnnomnxm, u noxonmoro sa
rasn nrnx rono c ocrax or onacrn, namnamn c nsn mnnx xocmoc, nxxon or xonro nannsar ns
nnnx or ara nonmca, oxaro nscrnn cnnn c orxar ns yrnx. oxanro na rsn ronnn
mcra n cnnn or onacrn, namnamn c nsn ocmoca, sancn or xocmnucxoro nsnuan.
us anaxnxra ]nsnucxara nayxa, c araxyar ocnonr na namara xnsnna ca n c naymaa
anocnro na xocmnucxnr cnnn. uox ornoo nocxra xm cnnn, xonro n mox a xonronna, n
]ocna oxcrnnr cnnn, snoynorxaxn c rxx sa roncrnunn nnn.
aroa cra axnxra sa non nr c namca, sa a norarn sannamamoro naymaan na
anocnro. anouna na nnsxna xocmnucxa, armoc]na n yxona onmnnx, xoxro anxanno
m cnoxn xa na snoynorara c xocmnucxnr saxonn or cmnnoro uoucro nanxrnunoro
xnsnno non.
namara armoc]a c nsmar rorannn nomnn. ornomnnro mxy xncnooa n naroonnr
raso sanoua ocnono a c nomnx noan nsmamnx c ,ornn noron, xoro m csan c
ronmn nnonn xaracro]n, smrcnnx, noran na xonrnnnrn, noxara na non oncrn n nsmnnn
xocmnucxn nsnuannx. Xnorr, xaxro ro nosnaam cra, m cran nsmoxn. axa nayxara n nxnoro
uoucro m sarnnar us camoyncro.
s 1945 ronna aromnara oma asroxn cra n cnoxn xa na roara crona ona. o na
mnoro no-cramna xaracro]a sanounana. cra na nayxara n nnoosnannro snaunrnn nnnoc sa
roa m nanan ycnx. m nn ronnn c nnca, u ycxnr yunn cnnnanno c sannmaar c
nscnanro na xocmnucxnr nun n u xcnnmnrnar c rxx.
rasn sxa c roon sa orxnrn, cannn c xoro xnnxr asna na cxnxa. ycxnr yunn
xnaxr a nsnonsar nrnxra, nnasnauna a saxana cnro na mxra ronoro, nrarnnoro
mcro na namnx nanran xocmoc n a x orxnonxr sa nanxrnunn nnn n nnano. nxrno
ncxar a nsnonsar nrnxra na aromnr na nacycrannnxra n cnnnr na nnunx oroc. cannn c
roa, rynoro nonsocro na asymaamara nrnx or yanon aromn m nsrnxa xaro rcxa nra.
ocnnnnr or snoynorara c xocmnucxn, nacycrannnannn cnnn morar ncno a c orrarnar
crnnnara na sornunara nayxa. ounr nn c norax amara na rnanrna. oxasarncra sa
nnxanannxra na arnanrnr ca amnnnnr na nayunnx cxr. rr na rnanrna cmo sarnna noan
nocrarncro xy oxcrnnr ocnon na xocmnucxnx . o no onoa m roa cranano n us
nayxara, a naroann na yxoncroro. ra sarnanro na cra m cran cncrn nocrra na
nanxrnunara nayxa.
a nmnoro uoucro, xoro munrnno c onnra a nocron xaxo nn n, n nno mnoro no-o a
saan cxxaxa rnnannocr no ornomnn na raxa naunnx omcrn , a nxarn cnuxn nayunn
xcnnmnrn n saron csannr c rxx xoonn nnunocrn n nynnuno a rn oxn sa onacnn,
ncrnnn n symnn.
oa, crcrno, n smoxno n nxma n a c cnyun. axoa nuncran n smoxno, samoro
namro uoucro sa cxannn ncxa a c yun camo or onnrnocrn. yrn ymn nnnnnnnoro sarnan
na rosn cxr u ]axr. a naxrnxa roa m c ocmcrn nanunoro m craa noc camo sa
nxxonxo cronrnx.
amara xnsnna onacr, namara nanxrnuna c]a, xoxro u ronxoa samcna n rxona, m
nsuncrna n ornomnnxra na nnonara nanxrnxa m ar ornoo scranonn. oa noc na rsa
nornxa. oraro yxonnnnr na rnanrna sanxxa na-mormnr cn xnmnn, r sarnnaxa na noro na oxana.
oraro ancxara nayxa yna, u mox a nasnya na-mormnx cn rnym], rx m sarnn n
sano c nx cnuxn nnxnnnn na roa cmnno nononoxnonnnucro.
n cnuxo, xoro c xasa oryx, unrarnxr cnryno m as no-o or cxxora samo yxonara mxona
c oma xm cnuxn cnmnarnsanrn cc so sa ocsnaan, sa xonna nomxna n nocrnran na
]ynamnranno onoxan. yx craa yma sa nn nso, n xoro cxn uox nmnnymo m
nocran:
B nnnanxnr nn xm onsn, xonro m sarnnar c rxnnx non n m rxa a noroxr cnuxo om nx
nn no xocmnucxn n na nsxa?
nn m nnnanxnr xm nnonnr, xonro cc csnann, yma n rxno m smar cnuxn nnasnn mxn,
sa a n morar a ar nonn or ,roara cmr, n m ocrnrnar na no-ncma nn?
axnoro m yuacrar nn nnn n? ara nrx oxr o conr nocncrnx!
a cranx nornan xonrnnnr rnanrna cmcryar asnnunn ronn, no xonxrnnr ]axrn ca
manxo nscrnn. roa c oxcnxar mnoxcroro ronn n cnxynannn. xynrnara nayxa n aa na
nnocrnnr nnro na noonocr. nnoro oau cnryno:
nanxrnunnx cron noxx nnmo n uno. nnarn c ocmcrxa cmxna na cronocrnr, cnnnr
n ccroxnnxra. aroa rosn noxx n mox a cmcrya rax cmncna na no nocroxnno
nsacran n asnrn, samoro cn cxn sxo cna ynax.
nonauannnx nanxrnun noxx roa ,naro n naony n nno anosnauno na oo n sno, r..
roa n osnauaa, u ooro nno ynnmoxno us snoro, a snoro us ooro. nauanoro sxor n
ynaxr ca nnn camo nxo. uoxr nnn nronr nnxnnx onnxnn nonxnrnnocrra na na
cnryannx, a nnonnr saxonn na rasn xnsnna onacr.
uomxoro rxonann nomnn n ocxnn cmo n namara xnsnna onacr. axa na mxcroro na
nnonara nanxrnxa sacrana ormmaamara cnryannxra, nn xoxro ,nn nr cromna sa oa, ron nr
cromna sa oa, na rrnx, cromnara c cuynnna nnn c yrn ymn, us uomxara nocr nnarn c crnra
o nanxnnx, omn o asyxa n nomxna.
nacran mna nrynnanro na cymara n morara n osnauaano xaracro]a sa xoara n
xnsnnara nm ca. ra oau ara nanxrnunn nonca nnonnxr n ormcrnrnnnxr c xonuar
nn yr. nonara nanxrnxa c nou c ]ocna or snoro na uomxara nanxrnxa.
oxm a cn ncranm, u us nnonara nanxrnxa nr na namara smx rxano a
nomnn n or rnanrcxnx nno a nmnn ncxnx, xaxro n roa, u oaunr na cara nn ca
nsnonsann nomxnara, sa a naxaar uoucroro a nayun nn no yox, a my c nocran na noa
smoxnocr n a c nayun a n no nrx, om oarno xm noonnx om, xm acroro ncno.
n cmo raxa moxr a cn ncranr, u nomxnara na nnonara nanxrnxa, cncrn na
rxonoro ccroxnn na uoxa, moxm a c nsnonsa n xaro naxasann, xaro no nnxo samrnxan,
nsrnan na rxonoro csnann, xaro ,nnrn na saaara
6
. oraa noara ocranoxa moxm a
cnyxn na rmnnxa xaro ,xn nncr, sa no noo nauano. rosn cnyua nomxnara na nnonara
nanxrnxa cmo n cnyxnna xaro ara xm ononnnro.
6 nx: n an axnor, H1&:" "@ I$"! ='%($)*, uacr I, rn. 22.
axa nn moxm a cn ncranm asnrnx: no sa rasn uacr or uoucroro, xoro ns
rnanrcxnx nno n sno yuacrn ronmnx rxx, n yro sa rxonara uacr or uoucroro. sn
asnrnx nancrnna cmcryar. ra nn xnm ncxnx nno. na uacr or uoucroro,
saan arnanrcxnx rxx, xn rosn nno, noronna nro us ,nnrnro na saaara. yrara uacr or
uoucroro nonyun non n nnxn smoxnocrn. aroa nn roonm cmo n sa ncxa noxa, xoro
yxanno osnauaa noxa na osaxanro. crnncxnxr ann crn, cmn uox, xoro c nomomra na
nnonara nanxrnxa nxaua arara na unocrra, na ncrnncxoro cno nacro.
amnr onnranncrn naxr or cnuxn onnn annn. n nannonanconnanncrnr rasn rnynocr
crnrna o symn. cunraxa c cn sa ,nacrnn annn n cn nnconxa naoro a ,ansnar n
yrn.
nanornuno c cnuxo cnyunno c ocra, mro ornoo nocn noo nrynnan na xonrnnnrnr.
anoua na noa noxa nnroara noxa, ns xoxro nxnara marnx cramnnx n n m
nmaxnara. mnnnnr na nmnnx noxx, xonro xncrannsnaxa nannno rasn marnx, nxma a
morar a c nncnocoxr n yrxr rasn noa, nmarnanna xnsnna c]a n m nonanar.
o rosn naunn m c ocmcrn asnxn mxy r asnrnx n cnuxn noncn, csann c roa, m
sanounar c no-xcno a c ouraar, a nmnno: noncr na rnannx n noncr na xra, noncr na -
ocooxnn, n na-naxax nnxnr xann noncn.
X
,

u
7
nxnono c roon sa uomxn ,yx n sa ,yxona' nocr na uoxa. onxrnro ,yx c ynorxa
xnno, ocono, xoraro c nma nn mncnonara nocr. nxn roa sa cmcroro n nonxrnro
,yx n c sna nnmo. a yxonara nocr c sna manxo uox mox onxx a x anannsna, no
cmcrnoro my c nsnnsa. oraro sa nmo c sna r manxo, onxnono snnxar cnoo, ynn
oonnx nnn ornnannx, xaxro n nna cnxynannn.
moro axn n sa nonxrnro ,yma. axo ymara? axo ornomnn nma ymara xm ocrananoro
cmcro na uoxa? ryx ornoo c noxxa moxnamo nsnann, onnnan n cnxynannn. ayxara,
nanuana ncnxonornx, r.. nayxara sa ymara, sna mnoro nma, no sa ymara sna na-manxo. cnxonorr s
cmnnn ymn uox, no n nosnaau na ymara ncrnncxnx cmncn na ymara.
oa c ornacx n sa cmnocrra na uomxoro rxno. oraro roonm sa rxno, uox onxnono asna
marnannoro rxno. o na nouro xoa nannno yxra nsxnmunrnno cnoxnara cryxrya or asnnunn
acnxrn na uomxoro rxno.
Vnncannara ]nnoco]nx c roon sa ronnx ccra na uoxa. asn ronocr c asnx na rn
ocnonn acnxra, a nmnno yx, yma n rxno. aroa nn roonm sa yxon, ymn n rncn oas. asn
rsa corrcra nannno na mocrra, xoxro nn c naa or cmnnr nncannx na cnuxn mna.
nnnxra ncrax uoxa xaro ... sn rn syxa ca nnn nnn xaro . coxra
nocnoarnnocr r osnauaar yx, yma n rxno. aanncrnuno r c nsasxar c uncnoro 1440, r.. 9, xoro
osnauaa:
(Aleph, n]) uncnoro 1: nrnro, nsxara, nsor, or xoro cnuxo nonsnnsa yxr.
(Daleth, anr) - uncnoro 4: anancr, anocnro, nnn arara no rnnnuno oosnaunn sa ymnnr
]ynxnnn.
(Mm, m) - uncnoro 40: nsnnnnrnxr, annsaror, rncnnxr oas.
noarnno ,am nnxora n osnauaan nn nnnn, a uoucroro xaro nxno, nn roa nroara
nsxa xaro yx, yma n rxno.
xax na nnnxra, rxonnro na oan, c roon sa 144 000 cnacnn (uncnoro r), c xoro ornoo c
nma nn uoucroro, no xaro na nsana ryna. oa onasn uacr or uoucroro, xoxro m sm
yuacrn cnacnnro. noarnno ryx n c roon sa ryna or rouno 144 000 cmcra, a sa xoa, xonro
cno yxa, ymara n rxnoro ca c nonoxnnn c ycnx na nn ononrnn nonc. nr nynn c ornacxr o
nnxnn or
]ynamnrannn nomnn, xonro rasn uacr or uoucroro ona o nn ycnmn xa.
7 nx nnnoxnnro xm rasn rnaa cn nocnnara crannna
xnnrara.
crananara uacr or uoucroro xnnrara rxonn c oosnauaa no yr naunn, a nmnno xaro
nycnnn, nnn xaro nsocranann.
roa oxcnnn xcno ncxam a nouram, u roro ncann ronnxr n ronnxr ccra na
uoxa onnn. r uncnoro na uoucroro. cn roa rxara n acooro uncno.
sornunara ]nnoco]nx ac osnauaa onxra, roucxara nocr na uoxa, oxcrnara cnna nro,
cnoarnno n uoxr xaro mar.
oraro Xncroc xasa: ,crnna n xasam, n cr oro, ro nma nn oxcrnnr cnoconocrn na
uoxa, c xonro ro mox a rocnocra na ronnx ccra na coxra xnsnna nsxa. uoxr nn
nanan or, no nanano oxn r.
n asnnuaam n nn anacron acnxr na uoxa ocn sa ronnx ccra, namara ]nnoco]nx
roonm n sa rnr acnxra na nrannnx yx, nnn onaara.
nrannnxr yx n rxa a c snnma xaro oas, xaxro nn ronnx acnxr, a xaro rn
nnnnnna, rn cnnn rnr oxcrnn cnnn, xonro u ornxsaxm xaro oxcrna onx, oxcrna
mocr n oxcrna nocr, nsxxamn c ronnx oas.
sn rn cnnn ca rancnnrannn, c yrn ymn, r nnnnnnno c namnar nsn n na ronoro
ronn. o rasn rona oxcrna cnna, rasn oxcrna ncxa c cxa nocrancroro na namnx
xocmoc, xoro rx csaa ronnx uox nonsa na xnsnnara cn nsxa.
xa sa no-ronxma xcnora oomnm cnuxo roa om nx:
no nsxara na ]omara nn asnnuaam yxon, ymn n ncn oas.
amxnr na oxcrnara cnna, xoxro cn cnyxn c rasn ]oma, roonm sa nrann yx.
xynnocrra or yxonnx, ymnnx n rncnnx oas oasya rncnocrra (]nsnxara), anaxna.
nrannnxr yx, nnn onaara, rocnoaxr na rasn rncnocr.
nnmnnr oxcnnnx nn ycranonxm, u ,n cmcrya nasno nocrancro. oa osnauaa, u
cnnara nsnnnna c nacycrannnx. ocrancroro, xocmocr, xoro nn xnm, n ncnnr rna,
xonro c nxar no conr onrn, ornxsam xaro cmara xocmnucxa onacr.
noarnno, cmcryar om mcr yrn xocmnucxn onacrn, or xonro cmara nonsnxsna.
cranr nn sa cronoro nocrancro c ornacxr camo o nn acnxr na cnnara, sa xoro snam
nxxon nma. namara xocmnucxa onacr c nsnuar aromnr na so nmnrn or yra xocmnucxa
onacr, nnn us nsnuanro or yra onacr r c axar namro xocmnucxo non. asano c yrn ymn,
sa cmnncxnr ccroxnnx n nsxn ocmoca c xnxr noxcnnmn sacra nnunnn, ornacxmn c
rancnnranno xm ronnro n cmcrara or cmara xocmnucxa onacr.
oa osnauaa, u xocmnucxara onacr, xoxro xnm n cmcryam, onacr na nsxara, na xnnnxra.
soara na uomxoro snnxan nn c cmam c nrannnx yx na nonauannnx uox nn ron
acnxr, xaxro n cc csannx c roa nocrancro aromn nnnnnn, nam oranu.
n orxnam, u us roucxoro ,Fiat' na oroca aromnnxr nnnnnn c asnna na
sanmocramn cn nrnn mxxa n xncxa, oarno nonxnsnann na xm yra. m or camoro
nauano r ca nnsann a aorxr sano sa cnaara n ucrra na oxnx nnan.
o rosn naunn yxr c crnacya c na na cmara xocmnucxa onacr, xoxro cnuxo c nsxxa us
xnnx asna. axa c ocooxaar nornononoxnn no nonxnsannx nrnn na mxxa n na
xncxa. ro samo cnuxn xnsnnn nnn nn sanxsam, xaxro namnx ocmoc, raxa n nsn namara
xocmnucxa onacr, a acnxra na nsxa nn nourano mxxn n nn nourano xncxn acnxr.
nara c noxara cn uoxr c nsxxa xaro mx n xna. oraro nnnnxr on aarom c asnan,
nn nxam or camoro nauano cmcra. o-nararx m asrnam no-noono nnra na rasn
onunocr.
Bom nrannnxr yx, nnn monaara, c on or naaroma, cmo xaxro or no xn, ro nnona nn oas
yxonnxr oas, xoro nnrxaa rn acnxra. yx orxnam na cryxrya or cnnon nnnnn. osn yxon
oas nnnnua cnnn or saonxanxmara ro nacycrannnx. asyar c romnna, orn, crnnna yxonnxr
oas, uoxr na nxra, c oymxa. uomxnxr ymn oas, xoro cmo nma ron acnxr, on.
nomomra na nnnunnr cnnn, na xonnnrnanara nacycrannnx, cra sanoua nsraxanro, ocmc-
rxanro. ymnara nx nnma ]oma, oas, xoro cmo ronun.
ronnxr uox on cno yx, yma n rxno scmrn, nxacn, nacrn n cmorm, nsxn or
oxcrnnx yx. rxnoro rooxr yxr n ymara.
ymara c nsxxar xaxro rxnoro, raxa n yxr. yxa c oxasar ymara n rxnoro.
&" 2@", namnama c crnnnmro na rnaara, rxa a roon n a c orasxa
nonxr yx.
"!" :0"", nnn acrannoro rxno, xoro nma sa cannm crnnnmro na cnro, rxa a
c nsxn unara yma.
3$0@&"%$" "!, xoro xaro nsasno ccro sa ocmcrxan, nnrxaa crnnnmro na
rasa nn c or roucxn smoxnocrn cno yx, yma n marnx, rxa a c nsxxa n oxasa
scmrnnxr uox.
xo cnuxo xaxro rxa, roraa:
nn axrnnocr na %! &! 2$*2 yxr n marnxra rxa a c cmnar onsn ymn
acnxr, xoro nanuam %$% 09;
nn axrnnocr na 2$*2 &#9$"" yxr n marnxra rxa a c cmnar onsn ymn acnxr,
xoro nanuam &"%$ ($#;
nn axrnnocr na 2$*2 9%)"" yxr n marnxra rxa a c cmnar onsn ymn acnxr,
xoro nanuam &.
noarnno axo cnuxo o, nxnara yma n nxnocrnnxr rncn oas rxa a c nsxxr n oxaxar c
synrarnr or nocrnr cn ronnx yxon oas oxcrn yx, Xnsnn yx n uomxn yx.
cnamara rnaa m asrnam om no-ornnso cxn nn or rr acnxra na uoxa. ra craa yma
camo sa na oma xarnna n nxxon axnn noonocrn.
axam c, u or xasanoro ocra na unrarnx cranano xcno, u n rxa a xa ymara c yxa. r na
crana, ymara ocrax yxa a crn, a or yra, rx nocn n nsxxa rncnnx oas, nan smoxn rncnnx
oas. Vnncannara ]nnoco]nx ymara c oosnauaa n xaro ,xra, xaro c nma nn nxnocrnoro
oomnn na cnuxn acnxrn na rosn nnx nnnnnn na xnora. axro nnnxra, raxa n yrnr cmnn
nncannx ca mnoro xcnn roa ornomnn. Tra xnnra na oc, rn.17 c xasa: ,amoro xnorr na
rxnoro xra. ,a n xr xra na nnxaxa ra, samoro xnorr na cxxa ra xra n.
sxa c a xnnra na oc, rn. 9 rxa a noxcnnm, u cmrnara nnca n c ornacx o
ronocounnr saann. 6-rn crnx c xasa: ,oro non uomxa x, n nroara x or uox m c
non. yx oau n craa yma sa cmrno naxasann, a sa nocnnnnr or carannsma, or ymnmnnoro
nnunnxan na rno xn nn xoa, xnmn marnannara c]a. noarnno 6-rn crnx no
xcno yxasann sa xamnunnx saxon: ,axoro nocm, roa n m noxnm.
XI

uB X
axro ycranonxm nnmnara rnaa, "%%!" @$' na uoxa nnrxaa rn acnxra:
ncnona cnoconocr;
xno na uycrara, nauno om acranno rxno, nnn nxarnno non;
arnanno rxno c nronx rn onnx
8
.
/0<%!" @$' nnrxaa cmo rn acnxra, a nmnno:
rnn oas, nnn asymna yma: mnrannara x; sxara mxy yxa, mncnonara cnoconocr n
crnnnmro na rnaara, crama nnnx ]nyn;
nno oas, nnn uycrna yma: acrannara x; sxara mxy yxa n rxnoro na uycrara c ]oxyc
cunoro crnnnm, crama xra.
Xnsnn oas, nnn csnarnna yma: marnannara x; sxara mxy yxa n marnanno-rnoro rxno c
]oxyc rasa, crama nnm]nara cncrma.
/01!" @$', xoro cra corrno ronnx ymn oas n us nro n ronnx rncn oas,
cmo nma rn acnxra:
oxcrn yx;
Xnsnn yx;
uomxn yx;
asn rona uomxa nsxa c xoon or nn
s]omn ron yxon nnnnnn, naun J%"$% 901. osn ron yxon nnnnnn ncranxa:
xoom nnnnnn;
nsraxam n noxam nnnnnn;
]omnam nnnnnn,
xonro nsxxar corrno:
oxcrnara onx;
oxcrnara mocr;
oxcrnara nocr.
axa n nac sacraa anacronnxr uox, unro rn nnnnnna oxr o r nsxn. osn
anacron uomxn nnnnnn orroax na anacronnx sonax. o c cnmonnsna or ancrr
xrnn xnxa, xonro c nnnacxr xra na or ycannmcxnx xam. no anrnnro rrnannxr no
rx yunnx, xoro ocsnaa roa anacrono nncro n cn rnarnnoro cn nsnran ornoo
ccroxnn nannno a ynorxa cox mnxoxocmoc, xaro ,na anacrronmna sacr.
a roa anacrronmno momu cmcryar mnoroonn mnro n nrnn n ucro c asxasa sa nro
nnnnr yunnnma. no rnocrnunoro asnan oau ryx craa noc sa anacrono ocsnarnx
uox, xoro ccroxnn a noxra sa ocnoax conr ,anacr xrnn xnxa n nxaua xama
na cra, sa a cmn ram yunrnnr na nanxrnxara n a sanoun oara c rosn cxr.
8 nnnoxnnro ca onnnn nonxrnro ']nsnucxo rxno (n. ).
oraro rcmnxr nnrnosn uox nsns or ]asara, xoxro snnma nnnxra xaro ncronucxo
comnn nnn mncrnuna ncronx, ro mox a ocsna noxoro snaunn na anrnnro.
nacycrannnxra, cnnara, nocrancroro na cmara xocmnucxa onacr namnam "%
%>%"", or xonro nsran ronnxr uox n us xonro noxan ronoro cn cmcro.
rasn sxa asnnuaam "$ 2#$: %%&%":
nnnmnx orn;
xnara oa, nnn nacycrannnxra;
crnnna,
n "$ "$: %%&%", naunn:
syx;
smx;
oa.
nnmnxr rmn orn c nocn na xnara oa. r cnnxocnonnro nomxy nm snnxar romnna n
crnnna. us crnnnara na nac nn c nsxxar ornxr n xnara oa. mmnno us crnnnara c
]omnar ronunnr nmnrn, a nmnno or xnara oa n or romnnara. axa us anxnmnunn
nmannx c oasyar rn n runn mcra n raso.
a smm nn onxnon, maxa n mnoro nnmnrnn nnm:
oraro xornr c oa san, c oasya naa, syx, no cmo raxa n xncrannsannx, xornn xamx, smx,
n naxax ocraa manxo xonnucro oa. xo n ro c nsnan, ornoo c oasya ,x n ornoo oa;
csaa c nn xroar.
axa or rnr nnunn nmnra c oasyar rn ronunn. mmnno nn orxnam, u roa
nxnocrno nxnn, nmanro n xroara, rxa a nonsnnsar or na 2#$2$:. asn
nonnunna cmnxr, nnn ]axrnucxn nnxr nmnr orocr. noarnno cmcrya na
cmona cnna, nn cmn mon yx, xoro axa, nocn n noxa cnnara.
ra n cnryno asnar xaxo cnmonnsna cmonnxr crnnnnx, xoro cron rnnnmro na
ranaxna o macara c anacrr xrnn xnxa. o nsasxa cmo raxa cmr cnnn na cmr
xocmnucxn onacrn, cmr snmnn nmnra, or xonro, cc xonro n xonro anacronnxr uox
nsnnnxa coxra saaua.
xo moxm a nnm anacronnx uox na-ncmro ccroxnn na nrooro nnucrno asnrn,
rax, xaxro rxa n mox a n xaxro nn nauanoro, xann n on or crnnnara na cmr
ssn, na cmonnx crnnnnx, na cmr nmnra, roraa m asm, u rosn uox yxannnx cmncn
na ymara m n c om ncrnncxo r na ora. roa nnxonnno ccroxnn mxy uoxa n or
cmcrya na sxa or na xa, no nnuno nosnancro n xonraxr.
r rosn anacron uox c nsnua na crnnna, na nannx, na nmona xa xm ora.
roa xnno, crcrno xronnnomnn c oasya sxara mxy ora n uoxa us
nnoccrno asnan. axa n nac sacraa rax rnx na ranaxna.
rax rnx c namna snarnnxr c c ramxn xaro cnmon na anacrono snnunnx uox
nrooro cnxmo ymno xaucro. ra xcno asnam rnynocrra n nrarnnocrra or ronro na ramxn.
amxnr, nnn cmnoro naroyxann, xoro xaro nannonna cnna nonsnnsa or na-noxara cmnocr na
ncrnncxnx uox n ocmcrxa n noxa sxa c o]anrnr na crnnnara xaro ,cnaxo naroyxann sa
ora, xaxro xasa nnnxra, c nmnrna us nsxycrnoro ron na ramxn c nn nnsnxan na rnn
nannn.
o-nararx rax rnx c namna cxnnnxra, xro craa nnoccrnara cma c or.
cxnnnxra c namnar snarnnxr c c manna xnxa na xnora, xsnr na aon n cxnxannr c oxnnr
sanon. cnuxo roa cnmonnsna:
Xnxa, xoro nnoccrno nn c aa;
Vnncannara cnna, cranana nam nnrxann;
mnnx saxon, xoro nn nannno nnrxaam n
nosnaam, or xoro n us xoro xnm.
asn sxa mxy or n uox, mxy rnnnara n uoxa sanrnana noxo nnnxra. cnuxo, xoro
ocra xasaxm no noca sa nocmnnro n nnmanro na axnxra, xaxro n sa xnoro yuacrn
axnxra, n nocranuna osnxoncxa ]nnoco]nx, a Vnncannara ]nnoco]nx, xoxro nn n
naam. cnuxn rsn nma, sa xonro nnnxra nn comaa, n xoro or nn mna, a aconmrno
uno nacroxm.
anacronnxr uox nnrxaa ranaxna, nnn 1$&, coro cocrno cmcro. n u
cnomnaxm nronr rn crnnnma:
crnnnmro na rnaara;
crnnnmro na cnro;
crnnnmro na rasa.
%">%" 3" c namnar macara c anacrr xrnn xnxa n monnx crnnnnx. sn
cnnn n crnnnn ncranxar uomxnxr sonax n uomxnxr nnanranym. crnnnmro na rnaara
rxa a crxr anacrr snaxa na mnxoxocmnunnx sonax, xann n ynanxan or cmr nmnra.
%">%" #$*%" c namnar xnnnxra n r c naroonnx. naroonnnxr c rnara xocr,
nauna crnym xoro no osnauaa nsnuama xocr. r nro nan, nar n naro no rnaunnx
crn c nsnua ,nn cnax aomar. cunoro crnnnm, sa rnara xocr, c namna rnmycnara
xnsa roa rmnara cxnnnx. nnamnara nsa cxnnnxra, nauna om ,o xour, cnmonnuno
c ncrax us oronara ronnna na ]aaoncxara xama. onnnara om orona, oxaro or x
saron n sanuara. n c cmam cmo n sa onx xour, xoro cmo saron or ora, sa a mox
cnoxono a nnaa no moro na xnora.
A%">%" "' nro na xama. o ncranxa n crnrnnocrra, xm xoxro
rmnnxr cmnnx ornoo c ma, xoraro samn aorara cn xama. aro ]oxyc na nocrra, ro
nn nnr na rnnr cnnn n c saxana us anaxa.
nr crnnnma anaromnuno ca mnoro rxcno csann ]nsnucxnr cn ]ynxnnn. ornnaro yxono
oau, rxxnoro sanmocrn xaro no ronxmo, cmno uyo. s ocmr orcrnx na caxannara xocr
cnnnr na rasooro crnnnm morar a c nsxauar naro no cnnnannara yxono-ornna xyna (no rnaunnx
crn) o rnnnmro (crnnnmro na rnaara) n o rax rnx (crnnnmro na cnro). mnnxr
orram mox a c cnycn crnrnnnx xnor, sa a nocron coxra uacr cnyxa na oxnro no.
n n asxnxm camo na uacr or ranaxna, no ocn na-omo onnrnan, ro nxma yra cronocr sa
ac. amoro cmnnnxr ranaxn na uoxa nanxrnun. crnnnmro na rnaara nan no
nonornuno csnann, cunoro crnnnm smar namomn ymnnr cnnn na nncmnx uox, a
rasooro crnnnm rnnr cnnn nannno nm corrcrar.
mnnnxr uox nma sa saaua a nocron nn no xam. o oau rxa a nnnnua, or na crana,
na ranaxna na nonauannnx uox, a or yra, a ]ynamnranno asnnun. uoxr n u
nnnonnnara anacrona nnunocr. nnnnnno ro c om rax, no na naxrnxa nannno
nonanan. yxonnxr n ymnnxr oas ]ynxnnonnar cra nourn nannno aromarnuno. snarnno
ynannn, cron n noxan, xaxro n crmx na yxa u n cmcryar. ymnoro ccroxnn
nannno corrcra na rasn nonananocr. oa nn yxon cmrn cn. r nonauannoro
oxcrno ronn ocranan camo nn nonornun, noon na mamnna uox no nsnno
xncrannsnano rxno. sxara c oroca, c or, nxcnara uoxr na nuynna annocr.
monnxr orn, roxm sa uoucroro, c nna cnmon. Xrnnxr xnx, crnnnnxr, ramxnr,
cxnnnxra n r.n. cranaxa nxon xnsnr.
nnxr xam ranaxnr, noxasa nannnx anacron uox c cnuxn noxonmn yxonn cnnn n
arnyrn. o oau cmo raxa xcno noxasa, u uoxr nsronn or rosn xam, u ro u n mox a ro
ynorxa. amo cmnnnnr moxxa a nnsar rnnnmro. ocmnnxr nmam nao a nnsa
rax rnx camo nx ronnara.
axa uoxr moxm a ns sxa c oroca camo us nocnnx cmnnucroro m sxara
mxy or n uoxa. na rxxa saca m cnycnara n rnnnmro n na om no-rxxa n rax
rnx. rncno ornomnn roa cmo ]axr. n roonm sa ,coono snacro n n mox n m
xaxr, u u cr nmnnann ]asara na cmnnucxoro nocnnucro, no roraa xaxo osnauaa amro
coono snacro, axo c om cr nannno osann!
oraro xnar nxxomy oo, n s a ncxar nanr nnn ocooxaar sno. ax saxonr na
nanxrnxara, saxonr na nornononoxnocrnr, xoro us nnxcnarnx sxo n nann csa
ooro cc snoro no oxn. n cr nnnnnnn na na orannuna onacr. axa uox mox a cn saa
noca (n axo n cr orxonn nnn nnna snsxonna, mox a ro saar na c cn): ax mora a
nocrox ornoo xama? ax mora a scranox nonauannnx uox?
oa mox a cran camo n cc Xncroara cnna, s xoxro nnmo n moxr. n roonxm c ac sa
xra xaro yma, sa ymara xaro crnnna, sa crnnnara, xoxro nan cnuxo nnmo, xoxro sanana
crnnnnxa xaro nsraxam n noxam nnnnnn.
axro cnnara c nsxxa us crnnnara ocmoca, raxa n ncrnncxnxr uox rxa ornoo a
sxcn n a c cnacn us ymnara crnnna. noarnno, xoraro c xasa, u Xncroara x n
uncrn or cnuxn rxo, roa n rxcr or nxxax raxrar, xoro noraxm nansycr, a xcn, nayun ]axr.
oraro us scrnro na urnnr cmnn ra rasn crnnna c on r ac n xnno
ymna ac, roraa sacara m c asxca n n m namnr xoa xm nonx xam. uax roraa n c
ocooxaar or rannunara crana n nsmorar craosarnara ]asa.
oraa, c ronxm nxcx, n ornoo nonyuaar, xaxro oan na ocro armoc, cmr snarnn
crnnnnxa
n r c nmar cm ssn xcnara n xa. oraa onx rmn xam n m ynornr rsn
cnnn nosnrnno n nnoccrno. naroonnxra m roxr snarnnx c n nnuno or m saron oronara
ronnna nnamnara. n m samnnr sa noara crana.
XII
E

nnmnara rnaa nn roonxm sa uomxnx xam no ornomnn na ronnx n anacronnx ccra
na uoxa n ycranonxm, u yunnxr, xoro rrnan no nrx na cnacnnro, rxa a sanoun cc
cronro na nonx xam.
xxora nac cmcryam nn nyn uomxn xam, xoro uox noxam nnoccrna
sxa c or. n nannro na uoucroro c noxn nn cnmonnun xam nsn uoxa, xro sxara
c or moxm a c ocmcrn camo c nomomra na cmnnucxara marnx.
osn cra xam asymn or ncyc Xncroc. Xncroc asxca sacara n rax rnx n no rosn
naunn ocoon sa cxn uox nnoccrnnx nr xm or. us nonnanro na Xncroara x roara
ymna cnna c nna armoc]na cnna, c xoxro cxn uox mox a c cx. uoxr cra nnsan
a sanoun ocooxnnro cn rasn cnna us nocroxanro na nonx xam.
uoucroro m nnnyno a nocron nonx xam us no yxono-armoc]no xnnn. o
arna na roa no a naunna nnn cc cnonranna, crcrna nnrnosnocr, nnn nornxnaro or yxonnx
narncx na nacnomna. mcrya n om na rnarnna noxnaca, xoxro n arna nnro no nnnx,
nnro no yrnx naunn, r.. nx n roon nnro nnrnosnocrra, nnro cnomna.
aro nsxona rouxa nnrnosnnxr uox nnrxaa nncrno armoc]no-yxonnx crnmyn. o ro ycma,
ooxaa n c craa a my arna. xaro n nnrxaa cnomn n nxma oxynrno nosnann, ro n sna xax
rxa a arna. aroa nnxax nonc na rnannx n mox a c asn or ony naro, nsmoxn
n nrxr xm osaxan nnn nocmnn. n raxna xoa mox na-mnoro a c crnrn o nonc na
nuncran na xnora no xonsonrannara nnnnx. axa r c orxasar or no onnno xnsnno ccroxnn
n nmnnaar xm yro. oa noo xnsnno ccroxnn oau c namna na cmara nnocxocr, xaxro craoro.
oan nnnca na ncrnncxo nosnann n mox a c ocmcrn cryxryno ononnn. nnnxra
oxcnxa roa c ymnr: ,oxr nao sarna, samoro nxma nosnann. rosn nnrar n craa yma sa no
nnrnxryanno asnan, a sa onoa nosnann, us xoro noncr na ,nooaxan or oa n yx mox
a ocmcrn.
nnrnosnnxr uox nxma nnrc xm roa nosnann, samoro n mox a ro as. o c nxnanx
nannno n aronrrnr, n nxara, nnnxra nnn n ormnr, na xonro r c ocnoaar. ax
uox mox a mnoro mncrnun, snmn nnn nrycnasnan, no my nnncar ononrnnnr smoxnocrn.
o ocraa saron r nanxrnunnr rannnn. synrar na roa n mncrnunnxr xnor c
xaaxrnsna c nosnarnr axan, sxo n ynax. nnrnosnnxr uox n mox a nsns or
craosarnara ]asa. anaxn craa sa nro nmnnxr xam n r xaro u nxma uncro, nocrno
cmnnucro, snnxar xaoc, asyxa n rnannx. amro m aa ocraruno oxasarncra sa
roa.
uoxr c om nma nyxa or xam nsn c cn. rxaxro oau Xncroara cnna cranana armoc]na,
roa u nsmoxno. Xncroara a ro nocrax n nsncxanro a nocron ornoo xama c cn.
cnuxn onnrn sa nxono onoxan ca ounn na nycnx, samoro xoonnr rynn na nxara,
ronosnr, cmnnnnr u n morar a nxauar nara na rnnnmro n na rax rnx xaro
nocrnn xnn n nocmnnnn. a rxx nm nnnca nosnannro, cnnara n naunnr sa roa, a ro c nocrnra
us nocrnnn, raxa u r n morar a nsnnnxr on conr nmnrann craosarnn saaun. xara
c asna c nou xaro no connanno-rnuno rxno.
mnnanoro xnnr xxa cmo n maro. nn cmnnx rxam a cmo n nocrn, yunnx na
yxonara mxona, xoro osnauaa yunnx na na nooucxa mxona. noxonmo a c ornxsa, u
ynncnrrnr aconmrno n orroaxr na roa nsncxan. mnnnr ronosn n c asnnuaar no nnmo
or onxnonnr nnrnosnn xoa. xo nxara xna a yuacra ornoo yxonnx xnor, rx rxa a
xoona or nocrnn cmnnnn, xonro mnoro ano n c nocroxncro a c onnrar a nsnrnar
cmnnnx nnrnosn uox or nnnnnucroro na craosarnara ]asa, nsnonsaxn non marnunn
mron.
cnamara rnaa m nnm ann mronr na nscrnn nxn n yrn nnoonnrnosnn rynn morar
a nomornar sa roa.
ra a cannm nnrnosnnx uox n rosn c nacnomn. uoxr c nacnomn cna, xaro nn arancrnun
ocrarx, coxra nacrnocr n rcn mro, sa a x annsna. o ncxa a sannnn rasn nnnca, onnraxn a
nocrnrn roa c marnunnx xcnnmnr. o xna a ocmcrn nonnnnx cn rmn crmx cc
cocrnn cnnn n a nocrnrn ocooxnn us ynaxnnnx, ro rcn nacr.
uoxr xn sanyara, u na raxaa nacrnocr mox a c nocrnrn ccroxnnro, xoro c
namna cra, nnnaraxn cmnnn ccra. oa oau n smoxno, samoro nanxrnunnxr uox n
ccroxnn a nocrnrn rasn nacrnocr: , n nnr n morar a nacnxr acroro ncno. axa c
csaar yxacxam xaoc, xnnxn oxynrnn mron n oromno xonnucro nnrarya.
nonnxr uox na cnomna na-ucro n nnrnosn. ancrnna ro xna nmo xaro marnun nryan,
no ncrnncxara nnrnosna nsxa my uyxa. o n rcn rmnoro xoocro na or, n nnra sa
oxnxra onx, a rcn synrar n nacr sa c cn. xo cr nnon uox na cnomna, roraa m c nosnar
roa onncann.
cnuxn oxynrnn crmxn ca cramno ymonrnnn, nocxr onxa n ronxmo craann. oa rcn s
namnan, crmx s synrar, nr s crnnna. cnuxo ocraa camo no nyran no nanxrnunara
noxnocr.
Vnncannara ]nnoco]nx oxcnxa, u cnomnr noxonm. a no mxcro us nro rxa a
ocsnar nannro cn, yxacnara cn cnnora n nxcro. uoxr rxa a ocsna sarynara cn
cnnonocr. o rxa a orxn, u noxonmo a c nsnrn nn no uox n nn no xam, u
nncrnnxr nr sa ocooxnn nrxr na noonocroxanro na roa, xoro mnnanoro saryno, u
ro sarynn coxra nonauanna crnnnna cnna n u cra Xncroc ornoo my x aa.
oraa c ocrnra o noo nnrnosno asnan, noa nnrnosna onnrannx, samoro raxa uox c
nma n r: nnrnosn uox n uox na cnomna, xoro sna, u aconmrno sancnm or ora, onua
o na cnuxo yro n ouaxa cnuxo or ro uox, nnrxaam xna sxa c or.
amo na ocnoara na rasn sxa smoxn sxo. axa c nocrax ocnoara na nacxoro cmnnucro,
na ynncannoro oaucro na uoucroro.
m roa asnrn c crmn cmnnoro osnxoncro, samoro ro oennxa sornxa,
Vnncanno yunn n nnrnx, xam n ]nnoco]nx, rmno oyunn n nxa. a uoxa, xoro camo
nnrnosn, nn xaro orannsannx n moxm a nnoxnm nnmo. amnxr crmx nacoun xm roa, a
nananm nnono-oxynrnnx uox nnrnosn, xaro cynm nro ncrnncxa cmnnocr n csnann sa
sancnmocrra my or or, sa a moxm cn roa a my noxaxm n a ro onm no nrx, om naro. amo no
rosn naunn mox a nocron nonxr rmn xam.
axa nnunnara, u n mox a c namn nn-nncrn nnrnosno onnrnan uox, nn xoro
cnomnr a roon? oa cncrn or noxoro saxorxn marnxra na nanxrnxara, noan xoro
snnxnano yro ccroxnn na xra. ,noxo saxorxn ryx n osnauaa ,nomo, a craa noc sa nourn
nnnoro saraxn sa cra na nonauannoro uoucro. yrara ryna nmam or camoro nauano sxa c
nsnauannnr cronn nonra. axa aorara na na yxona mxona scranoxa cnomna nxnara uomxa
ryna, nnrxaama cnomn.
roara ryna xoa, xoxro camo nnrnosna, nannno saryn cnomna cn n saroa rx cryxryno
asnnuna. crnncxara nnunna sa rasn sarya nn nnosnara, non na nac, nn snam camo ]axra.
uoxr na cnomna, r.. sornunnxr uox, mox n rxa a nnrnosn, no nnrnosnnxr uox n
mox a sornun. uoxr na cnomna mox a c yun or nnrnosno ynnx na ncrnncxa
nnrnosnocr. arnoro oau nsmoxno.
xo nnrnosnnx nar nmara n xr o n cnuxn onnrn sa oxnxan na nxara ocraar
nycnmnn, axo xoara c yuyan c nnrar xaxa mox a nnunnara sa roa, ro sa rnocrnuno onnrnannx
uox cnryannxra nannno xcna. o ro n mox a x oxcnn, samoro m ocran nasan. aroa saauara
na uoxa na cnomna raxrnuno, coasxaxn c c rnna na nnrnosnnx uox, a my nomorn n a my a
nscrna nacoxa.
oa c noraxno cronara ncronx mnoro nrn. xa cn cnomnnm sa craosarnara ncronx na
Xnam n], macroa cronrn, xoro nomorna na na onomon sa nocroxanro na xama. a onomon,
nnrnosnnxr uox, nsnnnn c xnannro a nn nocroxanro na nn xam, xoro ro mox a
cnyxn oncrno na cox or n ocno. o ro n ccroxnn a nocron cam rosn xam n noan roa
nsmonn nomomra na macroa cronrn. osn macro cronrn ranc]nrynannxr uox, xoro nosnaa
nrx xm ncrnncxoro cron na xama n nnrxaa rmnara cnna n cnoconocr, c xonro oxcrnnxr
xam rxa a nocron.
xo nmnara nxa xna a nsns or sannara ynnna, rxa csnarnno a nnm rasn nomom. o
roraa rx n rxano a nnsna snaxnoro cn nonoxnn, a roa nmnnr ycnonx na xnor n mox
a c ouaxa. cn roa rasn sanmna aora, xoxro ano nnn xcno rxa a c ocmcrn, cxa nna
nonmn.
nocrra nmam nnon, xoraro nxara, r.. nnrnosnoro mnoxcro, m ona or nocrnn, or
xoa cc cnomn. o-xcno nocrnnr nomaraxa camo nn nocroxanro na xama c yxasannx nnn yra
noxna. o-xcno rosn xonraxr cmo m asymn n sanouna rnannxra, xoxro o o nmnoro
ccroxnn.
ra u n smoxno a c nsmnn nnnxr nr oarno, r.. ornoo a c crnrn o rasn uacrnuna
cmcrna aora c uoxa na cnomna n a c nnsna oaucroro my. noxara na Xncronx yx
xocmnucxara cnryannx nannno c nomnn. axa nxara saryn nnmnoro cn snaunn. snoxnara
saaua n ornra. acara na xama c asxca n uoxr n mox a nar oarno xm
craosarnara sancnmocr. axoro n a c onnrar, r nnmo nxma a nocrnrnar.
a cxn uox, nnrnosn nnn oxynrn, smoxno n noxonmo a c cx nnnnyanno, ,or na
xa c Xncronx nu, nannno nxrno, s nocnnnn, s aronrrn. cxn uox m namn
aronrra, xoro rcn, r c cn, Xncroc.
a a c orroon na roa nsncxan noxonm, xaxro xasano, nn no marnun mro. aroa c
oasya noo nocrnuno arcro, xoro xn or ynncroro nnrnx n marnx. oa no noo
coono snacro na ocnoara na nosnrnnoro xncrnxncro.
aro cncrn or rasn xncrnxncxa marnx, xoxro cnuxn crann no smxra on nauanoro cn or ony
naro, roa crono non c oasya no xonsonranno nsnuan, xoro n or rosn cxr. roa nuo
non, ormamo nnnx cxr n noxamo na mxa or xamo na ornx, c xn nxnoro uoucro.
aro synrar or roa snnxa na nnrcna axnnx. crnnnxr n crnrnno nrarnnnxr nmnr
m ornn. uoxr na cnomna m namn nocoxara xm ncrnncxnx nr n nnrnosnoro mnosnncro m
mox a ornasnya Xncrooro oxocan no no, coon or uomxn aronrrn n nxn naunn.
axa nnxoro no sa cnacxan na uoucroro m c ocmcrn us nooxncrnxncxara marnx na
ronoro arcro, c nomomra na xonsonrannoro nuo non. snmnara saaua, nocrana na
amnr na cnuxn sornnn, cra rxa xcno a sacran n norna na onsn, xonro xnaxr a xnxr
roa nuo non.
or na arcroro c ornax xm cnuxn, xonro asnar, xonro nocraxr xara cn na nnyra. nnxoro
no sa cnacxan na uoucroro so conr crynnnn!
XIII

, B
a a asm no-o sxara mxy xasanoro ocra, m noronm om nx nxxon ocnonn mncnn no
ornomnn na yxonnx xnor.
uoxr nocnrn na oxnx oas. o ocmcrxa or c cn. nauanoro ro cmno no c
or. or xnm uoxa n ro xnm ora.
uoxr nnrxaam nxnocrnnx ron xam: rnnnmro, xaro ]oxyc na crnnnmro na rnaara; rax
rnx, xaro ]oxyc na cunoro crnnnm; nro, xaro ]oxyc na crnnnmro rasa.
o camnxr m nocmnnx rosn xam, na-ncmnxr cnyxnrn na ora. cn roa ro m n
aconmrnnxr na cox mnxoxocmoc nounnnn my xxa cnuxn cnnn n smoxnocrn. aroa ro m
naun na-cmnnx cno noxxa na nxncx. Xncroc m oaur na rosn ncm uomxn
noxx.
uoxr nana or roa ncm ccroxnn, cncrn na xoro rnna cocrnnxr my xam.
rmnnxr xonraxr, xnorr my or n or or c saryn.
a a c sanasn sxara c uoucroro n sa a my c nomorn a namn nrx cn oarno, c asn roa,
xoro nanuam ,nnrnx. oa m onnr a c cnyxn na or nn nmn xam, xro cmnnxr m
nsamnnm nocnnx. Vnncannoro yunn cnooxam am nn nrooro nann.
asn nnrnx nnrxaam nnarn crann nmna n rmna orxnrn nxonn cnyxn n
sornuno nnoaan, ono or cmnnnnr. axa nnrnxra nsnnnxam saaun rx xanm c
,mnxxo n c ,ra xana. oa n osnauaa ,manoaxno n ,axno. yx craa yma sa saaun, csann
c ara uomxn rnna: nnnx s cnomn n yrnx cc cnomn.
uoxr cc cnomn m ncrnncxnxr cmnnucxn rnn, xoro ncraxm nax n cmnnxa, onnnn
nn uox. nnrnosnara nsxa xaro orannsannx, nxa n r.n. m nomnno uacr or saauara na
yxonara mxona, xoxro Xncroara axnx nnoccrno c nsasxam. us nocmnnro uoxr
na cnomna moxm a n no-nararx no rx. axa nrxr sa samanro my cnryn.
cn roa us marnxra na orocnyxnnxra n ncoxara yxona cmnocr na cmnnnnr c csaam
oromno crnnnno cnnoo non, naroann na xoro uoxr s cnomn nmam smoxnocrra us na
nxrna sxa a nsxn noxa onnrnocr n cxrocr, a cmo raxa n a nonxn asnrnro cn, maxa n no
yr naunn.
o n rasn nanna nnrnosna nsxa rnna noan uomxara snnna, samoro cmnnucroro
nocrra crmn rxxo, snoynorxaxn c nacrra. osn rxx cra rxn xy uoxa na cnomna. oa
rxx norn rnx yx, xoro n mox a nocrn. o mox a nsxynn camo us aconmrno
nornononoxno crn. yrn ymn, cramnnxr uox na cnomna rxa a nonan rmxara na nxnoro
uoucro.
xaro us onncanoro amarnuno asnrn n ara uomxn rnna noraxa c no-noxo marnxra,
nonauannara cncrma na oxcrnara sxa n nsxa n moxm nou a sanasna. axa
snnxna asnxnro mxy yxonara mxona n nxara, nxn u nauanoro c om cmcryam
nscrno crynnucro. nm sa roa cmcrnara aora mxy Xnam n] n na onomon, mxy
cnnor na ann n r. oa crynnucro oau n nornuam rnaxo.
a uoxa na cnomna u c nomaram camo or yxonara mxona, a na nnrnosnnx uox or nxara c
nomomra na yxonara mxona. snarnnnxr xnor no omo cnnoo non m u nsmoxn.
us saryara na csnarnnoro nsxnxan, or na crana, n nocrnnnoro yracan na rmnara
crnnna, or yra, rynara na oaunr xama snnxna rxx. ooro cmnnucro, nonsnxsno or
xoara s cnomn, xncrannsna. o nonoxam onoa mrnr yxn, s rmno nosnann n
rcn. axa cmnnnnr cranaxa ]ancn, a oxnxra cnyxa c nna ]omannocr s cxann.
oraa o Xncroc n cnoxn xa na rasn ]asa: nmnnxr, scmncnn xam asymn. Xncroc
onc na uoucroro ccm noa saaua n yum xoara a croxr xama c cn n a rcxr nrx xm
or r c cn. o yum, u nrxr xm nooaxanro c ocmcrxa us xoncryxnnx, rocr
scranoxan na nonauannnx oxcrn uox.
snnnnnro na rasn saaua c ccron oasyanro na rono arcro no oaucroro na nar-
cmnnnn cnyxa na ara uomxn rnna. us nsnnnnnro na rasn saaua uoxr na cnomna mox a
nsnnarn craara cn nna. nooro rono arcro yxonara mxona c oma xm cxn uox cc
cnomn n ro nsnax n mroa na nocmnn us cmxna na nnunocrra, us nooaxanro na ncnnx
uox.
Bxonara c nsxxa n na uoxa s cnomn, no snnuno, us cnnoo non, xoro c noxa or
xamor na ornx. roa cnnoo non r.. s cranr xamo n craoro cmnnucro, xoro nan
xoara sancnmn n rn ocrax cnnn, rnyxn n nxn sa xnara ncrnna n uoxr s cnomn c cma
nnoccrno c Xncroc. axa ro cmo mox ornoo a on nn uncr, xncrnxncxn xnor.
axaa saauara na yxonara mxona or nauanoro na namro nroon. crnnnara na annocrra, xoxro
nn roxy-mo oxcnnxm, craa ccm xcno, u roa, xoro nanuam ,nxa, cmnocr na ronxma
sanya. x c om ]anccxa, xaxro m n ns rxonara roa ]asa na asnrn na nmnnx xam.
oan nnnca na nnoccrno nosnann rx c xama sa mrara yxa nnn c oraa na sonn
cnxynannn, samoro n mox no yr naunn. o ncrnncxoro, xno nosnann na or rx nxma ocrn. xara
ocaxarn nnnxra, ]anmn]nnna x n raxa oxasa n o nc oromno nnxnn na uoucroro. x n nosnaa
oxcrnara annocr n axo uy nnn ysna nmo sa nx, no noxonmocr rxa a ro oru.
ronoro arcro c naroan cc saauara a orn smxra cc coro cnnoo non. asn crona
saaua cra c ocmcrxa nannno. axa xoara m ar nsonnann or nxonnr cn oaun no ccm
snnun naunn.
oncr na rmno ocooxnn na xanoro sanya mnosnncro m c ocmcrn cxn
uox nnnnyanno. axa cxxaxa oa c nxara m norarna; nmnranoro uomxo nao
na cooa, xoro nc nouro crann nnnnrnx, m nmo nannno crcrno n saoonno.
namara noxa rosn ncnxonornucxn momnr nacrnnn, samoro mnosnncroro or xoara s cnomn u n ca
csann c nxara, xaxro nn. uraa c na nomxna, no como rcn, xoro nororx
rmnnx nonc na ocooxnn.
a a nnxoro no nancrnna cnacnrnno, ro rxa a sanoun orony naro. smoxno a c
sanoun orro. xo m raxa, orana mm a samno.
osn nonc rxa a sanounar or ony naro, samoro rmnoro ocooxnn noc na
ocsnaan, r.. na cocooxaan. nacnn orro, orn, nxma a cnacn uoxa rmno, a camo m ro
nnx xm ocoonrnx. axa m snnxn na yra, noa sancnmocr. uox m c ocoon roraa,
xoraro nnrxaa rmnara crnnna, c yrn ymn, xoraro ocoon nrx sa crnnnara r c cn.
oxonmo onnno xonnucro or xoa, xonro xayar sa crnnnara, monxr c sa nx n x rcxr,
xonro nnrxaar ncrnncxa uomxa nmo, nosnaar noxo c cn rx n ca roron a c orxaxar or
coro as nnunnara sa nxnara rmnnna.
sn xoa rxa a ar nsann or rynara na xoara cc cnomn. aroa cnuxn, xonro momnra c
namnar asnnunn sornunn nonra, rxa a ar cynn sa rasn aora. oan roa sor na
osnxoncxoro arcro craa c no-cnnn.
raxa, nn nananxm xarx nrn na nnxcnaro asnamoro c no, sa a ncranm xax n c xaxa
nn aorn arcroro nc, sa a as cxn xannar-yunnx xonxo mnoro noxonm na roa no. o
rxa a asnonara c ocraruno orn n nornnnan, c ocraruno ]xrnna yxona cnna, sa a nsnnnn
nocranara my saaua n a mox a sanasn xnsnnocrra na cnnooro non, sa xoro roonxm. roa
ornomnn cmcrya no mnnnmanno nsncxan. oan roa cxn uox cc cnomn rxa a as
coxra ronxma orroonocr.
xo n smr mnn a rcnr nrx na nocmnn r c cn (n sa ama cocrna nonsa, a sa
a c nayunr a cnyxnr na ronxmoro no no nncrno nannnnx naunn), rxa a snar, u no rosn nr
nar ronmn onacnocrn sa ac camnr, sa omara aora na yunnnnr, sa xoara, na xonro n xnar a
nomornr n xonro mox n nnrxaar cnoconocrra a nxsar nnnr nn n a cnyxar na noro.
xxon or rsn onacnocrn xxa u cnomnarn. ra nxm ncxann a asrnam no-ornnso nxxon or rxx c
nnrarn or Vnncannoro yunn.
rasn sxa nxm ncxann a ocrnnm naxarxo nxxon onacnocrn, xonro morar a sannamar rcmnx, or
crana na nnonnr nnrnn. nonara nnrnx ynorxa nscrna marnx, xoxro oau n
xncrnxncxa, n ana or Xncroc, a sra or nnmnnr xynryn, ocono or axmannsma, xoro or
cox crana s rasn marnx or om no-nn xynryn, oncnn or rnanrna.
asn marnx nsxnn oas na marnxra na nnr
na-cmnnnn or onncannx nn nno, xoraro nxnoro uoucro ono or ncrnncxn maro, r
xaro uoxr roraa c om n nnrxaam nsancnmo mncnn. ra rasn marnx c naxrnxya or na
ryna, xoxro n nnrxaa yxona mxona, n or cmnnnn s rmno nosnann. asn marnx c crmn a
nsran yxon om, r.. no cnnoo non c onnna nannx.
a n norn cnuxo nsrnxa mnoro o. o no cnnoo non mox a ocooxaamo camo
roraa, xoraro c cron n noxa csnarnno n ooonno or cnuxn yuacramn nro. nonara
nnrnx oau on o aconmrna crnnnocr na yxa n ymara. oan rasn nnunna craara marnx
ncranxa ronxma onacnocr sa cmnnnx uox.
axo craa us rasn marnx? nomomra na nryan, nsnxr n nsun na mr snx, cnnnanno nororna
mysnxa, ramxn, ]omynn, marnrnsnana oa n yrn ccra, xamnxr nsnaa ranc, nrarnno
ccroxnn na csnannro. roa ccroxnn or rnnr rna na xamnr c ornmar, xaar c ]nynn,
rnn cnnn, c xonro nnonn yxo (naunn ,anrnn, xonro oau ccm n ca raxna) croxr cnnon
nonra.
o cmnx naunn, xaxro nn mnym csan c xonronnamnx ro yx, raxa n xamnxr, cn nxxonxo
raxna marnucxn canca u osan c nxnoro cn cmcro n nyxno ronxmo ycnnn, sa a c ocoon or
rasn ,nrxa. onacrnr n crannr, xro rasn marnx c naxrnxya, nan nsocrananocr,
nnmnrnnsm n yxacxamo connanno nonoxnn.
raxaa marnx nnonara nnrnx oxama nara, osa rn om or axanro nm n nnyxaa
craoro oxa. xoraro cmrra nannxn, rx c rnxn sa nnnnnucroro nm n cn nx. amoro
ornoro nnonara axnx rouno ronxoa o orannsnana n xnsnna n rocnocra xy
nnnnnnnr cn, xaxro n ryx na smxra. x nnma mrnr, xonro us marnxra, ynaxnxana xy rxx,
craar yxono rnyxn, cnnn n saronn sa cxxo csnarnno snnxrn na ncrnncxara crnnna. oraro
nacrnn mro, rx on mnxoxocmoca nourn nasymnmo nnnnnucro n nsonnanocr oarno xm
nonro na marnannara nsxa. nnnnucroro n ocraa nnno. axa craoro ocraa nnoxrnaro.
rxa a c nmnuaa cmo raxa, u nxxon nnono nnrnosnn rynn, nonsnnsamn or oxynrnnr
runnx, nmnrnar rasn marnx.
scrno , u rasn marnx craa n onacna. nxn roa rx c naxrnxya c naxara, u mox a c
nsnonsa sa oo. o roa ronxma sanya.
arnxra ocooxaama camo roraa, xoraro c ynaxnxa or rmno snann, s xoncrnn nnn n
xoraro synrar or na sananna or ora onx. arnxra, ocooxaamara marnx, rxa a c ocnoaa na
rmnn xaucra. oraro uox nnrxaa ocraruno csnann n nscrna crnn c ncrannnan or
cranoro xnorno, roraa ro no-manxo ocrnn sa marnxra na nnonnx oxynrnsm. aroa
ronocounnr rynn onxnono oxr no xanxo cmcryan.
mcryanro na rsn nnono nnrnosnn ronnx, xonro nonauanno nonsnnsar or oxynrnn
runnx, noxasa, u r ca na nna na cnnnr cn. a a onaaxr no-nararmnoro cn cmcryan, na rxx
nm noxonma ]ynamnranna nomxna n xna sxa cc saaunr na uoxa cc cnomn. n or cn nm
ro noxnaam.
XIV
(I)
axro u oxcnnxm na or nnmnnr rnan, nn cmr na marnannoro rxno no-ronxmara uacr or
rnoro rxno ocraa ryx, xro nonoxno na no-nararmn nonc na asnaran. snannro, sano c
ocrananara uacr or nnunocrra ornar ornnx cxr. ra nn xnam a asrnam rasn rma no-ornnso,
nn roa sxa c no or na-yxacxamnr crnx na uoucroro, a nmnno cnnnrnsma.
rnoro rxno c ccron or urnn asnnunn no n rn, a nmnno:
xnmnucxn r;
xnsnn r;
crnnnn r n
orasxam r.
us rsn urnn ra nxnoro marnanno rxno xn n c noxa. cnuxn ]ynxnnn na orannr n
crnara, cxxaxa mosuna n monnonanna nocr c nsmar noccrom rsn rn.
xa a nanm asnnxa mxy ara nncmn n ara ncmn ra. oa osnauaa, u r nnrxaar na no-
rya n cnxrnno na no-]nna nannx. rnara cycrannnx, c nomomra na xoxro mncnnm, nnrxaa mnoro
sa nannx, oxaro rr, us xoro ca nsrann rncnnr nn xnrxn, noxasa cannrnno ana nannx.
onxma uacr or xoara, nsyuaann rsn nma, ca na nnannnoro mnnn, u ara raxa naunn ,no-
ncmn ra ronxma crnn ornnuaar yxonnr xoa, a ara ,no-nncmn no-nnmnrnnnr. o
roa aconmrno n orroax na ncrnnara. r yxona rnna rouxa crnnnnnxr n orasxamnxr r
morar a ar mnoro no-onacnn, ryn n xnornncxn or nncmnr rn raxa xaxro no-ncmro
cmcro uoxr, xnnxn nrn no-onacn or no-nncmnr cmcra xnornnr.
n ucro roonm sa xnornncxn cracrn. oau ca uncro ]ynxnnonannn n c nsasxar amxnr na
nncrnnxra n rynonx yx. uomxnr cracrn, nanorn, ca nsxnmunrnno nomn. noro xoa c rno
nxan ca nsnnnnn c sxnmnn, xoraro nxar nn an uox, no m na aorara my, scrnro
na no-ncmnr rn nnn xoraro nanmaar ano cmcro c mnoro crnnnnn n orasxamn rn. o ,n
xonr mox a nn c xn xaro anrn na crnnnara!
rasxamnxr r nn cnuxo nn mncnon r. ucro na-nomnr xoa asnonarar c morm
mncnon xanannrr, a or ram n c mnoro mncnonn rn. rnnnnnxr r nn cnuxo r na uycrara.
a cnuxn nocrn na uycrara or na-nncmnr o na-ncmnr ca noxonmn crnnnnn rn.
ox a c xax, u sa onuannr rncnn ]ynxnnn c nsnonsar ara nncmn ra. oraro uox mncnn
n uycra, ro c nyxa or ara ncmn ra. annunro na ronxmo xonnucro no-ncmn rn nnxax
cnyua n oxasarncro sa ncoxoro yxono asnrn na ana nnunocr. oa noxasa camo, u rosn uox
nma ncoxa xnsnna axrnnocr, nsancnmo ann nonoxnrnn nnn ornnarnn cmncn.
noarnno rnr n nn aar cnn sa yxonnr xaucra nnn yxonnx nanx na uoxa.
ronr sa ,noxa na yxor, ann ca or ora nxmar nnmo omo c rnnr nocrn. mo n
nror na rnr n ca or snaunn, samoro c nomomra na onxra ra mox a c nnsnxa cxn
xnan nxr.
rasn onacr nma ronxoa mnoro nsmamn n sanyn, u nsxnmunrnno axno a c noura
noxonmocrra or nnasnnocr n non xm cxxax n nymnn rasn nocoxa n ncrannnan or
noonn xnnnx. nosnnxr yunnx m an c yrn mron, c xonro a mox a nnon
asnnunrnna cnoconocr.
n cmr, rnoro rxno na uoxa c nonyuaa asnxn. nxnono ara nncmn ra ocraar nn
marnannoro rxno, a ara no-ncmn ra mnno ocraar nn nounnannx. o ucro c cnyua a c sm
nmo n or ara no-nncmn ra. onxoro no-smn nn uox (xoro n osnauaa ,nom, a nomanno
nonornun), ronxoa nou nncmn rn m ar nnnunn oxono cmcroro na nounnannx.
roa ccroxnn ro nannsa ronxmara nxona onacr, mxnnnara c]a, nanuana ucro
,uncrnnnm nnn ,nuncram orn. asn onacr c ccron or rnr no-nncmn c]n na xnannxra, raxa
naunara amanoxa na onnrancxara ]nnoco]nx. ra nnmaar: ocrarxr or rnara xa, xoro
nounnannxr om nnrxaa, ro xn nnsan xm smnara c]a, samoro n rnoro rxno na uoxa
nsrano n c noxa or mcrara n cnnnr na smnara c]a.
oraro nounnannxr nanycn rnara onacr, roa, xoro ocranano or rnara my xa, u n mox a
sanasno. crarnnr c asnarar, nsnaxar c n ro n ccroxnn u a rn saxn. oa
nsxnmunrnno axno, samoro xoraro n ocrarnnr or rnara xa nsusnar, roraa nacrna asnanro sa
crnrnnoro ccroxnn na uoxa. a roraa ro asna ncrnncxoro cn ccroxnn n corrcrn c
nro ro nonaa ,ncnara nnn ,acxara onacr. ra cxn mox a as, u nnrxaanro na
rn cn cmrra nnunnxa sao smno nnsan.
xo uox n xna rasn sxa, nxma nnrc xm nx n c crmn smoxno na-so a c ocoon or
nx, roraa ro nxma a nan nnmo, sa a nun na crcrnnx nonc na rnoro asnaan. o oarnnx
cnyua, xoraro nnrcnr ca c om smnn n uox xna na cxxa nna a saxn smnara sxa, roraa
ro m nanan cnuxo, sa a c nornonocran na nonca na asnaran. o m c onnra a xomnncna
cxxa sarya na rn n on m c onnra a ynnun rxnnx sanac. o rosn naunn nsxycrno m nonxn
ncrox cn mxnnnara c]a.
roa c xn nnunnara sa cnnnrnsma n cnuxn nron crannunn xnnnx, xaro carannsm, smnn yxo
n r.n. oa naasnrnsm n nnxuxocan na smnara c]a or xnnxnr, namnamn c mxnnnara onacr,
xonro xoxr na no sa rn. oa cnnnrnsmr xaxa na nncmnr rn, no nnmno na ara ncmn
ra.
asna c rsn nma c nyxaxr or sanouno nsyuaan n cnosno ocmncnxn, samoro ryx craa noc
nancrnna sa uyonmna onacnocr, or xoxro nnxo uox n mox a nsxra. cnuxn xoa ca no-ronxma nnn
no-manxa crnn nocmaann or raxna rnn naasnrn. o-ronxmara uacr or nomnr n xaucra nxomno
c sacnnar, samoro nnamno n nannno csnarnno nar noxnaxann or rsn naasnrnamn cmcra.
annm nncmro uycro na nocr cxn axr na nocr crya crnnnnn rn na rosn, xoro asna
roa uycro. moro n nn nornonocraxnro csnarnnara n ymnmnna cnorna, nsancnmo or
nnunnara. asn axrnnocr crya n camo crnnnnn, no n orasxamn rn, noan mncnonnx xaaxr na
rasn nocr.
sn nncmn axrnnocrn morar a ar asnannn or cnomnarnr cnnn or ornoro o crnn,
naxnxma nomannoro sa na uomxa nnunocr, raxa u cxxax camoxonron craa nsmoxn. sn
rnn xonycxannx ca xana sa ronocounnr naasnrn.
moro n nn rnx, nsnocr, mnanxonnx. rxa a saaxm n nxannara nnrnxryannocr.
cnuxo roa csano c nnrnsnnn rnn xcnnosnn, c nsasxoanro n saryara na nsnno mnoro
rn. cnuxn ]omn na ymnn anomannn ca nnunnnn nnmno or nocrra na rnnr naasnrn.
ra smoxno a saar cnnnx noc: morar nn rsn nnsann xm smxra cmcra a c
nacnrxr c rnr, xonro c ornxr or xoa, crmxmn c xm no-ncmnr onacrn? amo n nm crnrar
rnr, xonro c ocooxaar nn crcrnnx nonc na ymnan nnn nn omxna na rn no m na
nomannnr xnsnnn noncn? crnrnnocr nnn nnunma or nmnrann naasnrnar no rosn naunn.
(nmnrannr ca nouomxn cmcra, nacnxamn nncmnr nnonn nacra, nnn ronnx na uomxnr
mncnn.)
so cmcra or nxonara onacr nsnonsar rosn mro. xo rxxnara smna nnsanocr c nxn
na anxoxonnsm nannm, xaro nmn anxoxonnnn r nocmaar xumn, noxann n mcra, xro c nocxr
onann or anxoxonnn nsnannx, or xonro r morar a c nacnrxr. rornnn xnnxn yrn craar or
nnxornnoa sancnmocr, xoxro sxano no-onacna or anxoxonnsma. c cmar xornn nnn na mcrara,
xro mnoro c nymn. axa mnoro or rxx ca nn xoara, sa a morar c nmoxnnr cn mron a nonyuar
xnanara xana.
ourn nxma ]orora]cxa cnnmxa, na xoxro nn nnmarnno rnxan a n c sanxar nxxon
nmnrann. oro]nnmr ucro no-uycrnrnn or uomxoro oxo. a cnnmxn, nanann nara cn
cmrra na nnsx, ucro c asnosnaa oasr nnn nxxax ornnunrnn nr na nounnannx, xoro c om
n ocoon or ra, cnoarnno c om nnrxaa smna sxa. oa xnnn, crcrno, n
nonxaa nro.
moxnara ]oma na naasnrnan nn rsn cmcra cmo mnno xnnn. n ca ocraruno snn,
csnarnnn n a]nnnann n ocn roa n nnrxaar ocraruno ncmn rn, sa a morar a c nanoxar. o
coxra nmnocr r ca orarnrnnn xaro naasnrnr.
o-nararmnn nscnannx noxasar, u noxonma mnoro ronxma a]nnnanocr n ccm yrn mron, sa
a mox nxxo a c saxn nxonara onacr. a cmcrara, ncnamn raxna nnn, roa noc na
xnor nnn cmr. raxr nm or acxara c]a ronxoa cnnn, a xnannro sa ynxaan na xnora
ronxoa nnamnuno, u r n c cnnar n aconmrno nnmo, sa a c cnaxr c rn. crnxra na
nannonanconnanncrnr, rxxnara yxacxama, uyonmna, nnonxrna xcroxocr n xnannro sa ynan xxa
yxanno nymnn n nnsnxann or carannsma. nn uox, on nxn nao mox a ocn or
carannsma no rax naunn, u ro a c nnxanna nro.
nc carannsmr no-cnnn or cxxora n nancnan na cra xaro un onax. aroa cnnnrnucxnr
naxrnxn craar c no-ucrn n macon. rornnn xnnxn ca oxanarn or nro n rornuno, cnryannxra sa
cmnnoro uoucro u snaxna.
croxnnro mxnnnara c]a ronxoa xaornuno, xarxara xy cnuxo xno ronxoa cnnna, raxa
sxomnomncno c snoynorxa c nournocrra, cmcryama y mnosnna, monnr ca ronxoa nnrno o
nac n oxono nac, ronxoa mnorouncnnn n or raxoa onno xaucro, u nn nn n nxm noxann, u
cnuxo roa smoxno. nosnna or na-onr xoa ca raxa nnnnn or carannsma, u nn moxm camo a
ycranonm ryx ynanxa nnnnr na rmnnnara. osn cxr ynanxan or carannsma!
ox n nma unrarnn, xonro cmxrar, u nynnuaam. o rsn nma n onacnocrn n morar a ar
nynnuaann. oa, xoro nsrnxa xaro nynnuno n xaro na-sxa ]anrasnx, cmnocr camo
rn onnr a ncranm na orarnrnna crnrnnocr.
ax aornnxr mro na carannsma? a a asm roa, rxa a smm nn, u xnsnnnr rna na
uoxa c asnnuaar no n n nannx. no cmcro or mxnnnara c]a n mox a c con ronxoa
ncno c uyxn rn. o mox a c onnra, no a n ccroxnn a rn saxn nro nn c cn, samoro
uyxnr rn so c nsryar noan asnnxara nannnr.
a a mox no cmcro a nsnnnn namnnxra cn, rxa a nnrn xm nsnno a]nnnan
nonc na ocan na an smn xnrn, c xororo nma nnnnsnrnno cmara nannx. oa aa
smoxnocr cn nxxonxo mcna nnn ronnn a nocrnrn noxoxmoro nannonno anocn. oraa ro
mox yxanno xaro amnn a ,nsnn noxonmnr nrnn. osn naasnr xn sa cmrxa na coxra
xra, xoxro noan roa on no xanxo cmcryan.
sn cmcra c onnxar n xonronnar nnn xro or xoa, or xonro us nocnnucroro na
mnymn xaar rn n ]oc]o. axa rsn cmcra noxar con cnnnrnucxn xro, xaxro cnxnnr
orrnxar xan, xoxomxn n xnxr or rxnnr noyxrn.
ma n nmacrnn cnyuan. oraa xonronnamnr yxo onaaar o raxaa crnn xrara cn, u naxax
nannno x nsmcrar. synrarr or roa nyocr, or xoxro r c nasxr, samoro no raxoa rxno ryno c
xonronna n r camnr rxa a oxr no xanxo cmcryan. ma cnyuan, xoraro ocanro c
]ocna noan crax or orcranxan or mxnnnara c]a, a cmo n synrar na onr mxy
xonronnamnr yxo sa nn n cmn mnym. yx cnuxo smoxno.
ma om mnoro nocn n nonmn sa ocxan, xaro: ]omn na sanyara, orannsannxra na carannsma,
nnunnnr sa camoyncrara, omnr nnunnn sa yncrara, nnunnnr sa uyonmnnr nscrnnnnx,
nnxnnxra xy nnrnxra n oxynrnsma n r.n., n nn cnuxo noca sa nrx xm osaxan n oara cc
carannsma.
XV
(II)
axo ncranxa nn mnym? s cnuxn mna na rosn noc ca aann asnnunn orroon. cnuxn
nnrnosnn ]nnoco]nn nannno ornuar mnymnsma n nsnuno nynxaar a c crann or roa. nno
saanno ,a c nnrar yxor.
ass c rasn saana ca c ocmcrxann cnuxn snucxn nnrnosnn runnx, r.. cnuxn
nnrnosnn rnannn, nsnxno onn n noxann or mnymnsma. n naonr n nnmnara na
nrnr, nnnannnr n axxnr nnmnnnr mamann nsnaar ranc n nnsar sxa c yxor, xonro
nm nanarar saxonnr cn.
nymnsmr c ocnoaa na uycrnrnnocrra. corrcrn c asnnunnr no uycrnrnnocr,
cmcryar n asnnunn no mnymnsm.
ax c nocrnra rasn uycrnrnnocr? a nomncnnm no sa aynunara c]a, nanuana om ,rxno na
xnannxra, nnn ,nxarnno non. asn aynuna c]a nannonno non n c crnacya nannno cc
ccroxnnro na annx uox. x orona camo sa roa, xoro corrcra na nnnx n a sa cnuxo
ocranano xaro nnoonnma crna.
oa nannonno non corrcra na amara xna cmnocr, xoxro cr nacnnnn or amnr onrnn n
nan, xaxro n or amro mnxoxocmnuno mnnano. us nmanro nannonnoro non c noxa
anocn c amro xno ccroxnn, ccroxnnro na crnnnr n orann n na csnannro n.
oa anocn c nocrnra no cnnnx naunn. axro u oxcnnxm, amnr mncnn, xnannx n uycra
oasyar na rona axrnnocr na csnannro. ono or rasn ronunocr, acrannoro rxno nsnama ns
rnara xocr no cmono nsnuan, xoro nnrxaa nnnnuamo nnn orncxamo cocro. oa
osnauaa, u cnuxo, xoro n corrcra na amara cmnocr, c orcranxa or aynunara c]a, a sa cnuxo,
xoro xamonnx c nro, arara mnoxo orona.
oraro aynunara c]a nororna, rx c csa noccrom nmanro c xra. axa cnnnr n
scrnxra na nxarnnoro non ocrnrar o cnuxn xnsnnn orann. cn roa mosunnr nnro,
xaro ]oxycn na mncnnr n uycrara, c nororxr nxrno us acnmnnannxra noccrom ]nnnr
mxnuxn, namnamn c ocnoara na noca, a n us xra.
axa cxn uox, corrcrn cc ccroxnnro cn, nscrna crnn nn mnym, samoro cxn
noarnn na nnxnnx xy csnannro. axa nornnaro, mox a c xax sa nourn cnuxn xoa, u r n ca
camnr r, a ca xnxnn or nmnn cnnn. oa axn sa cnuxn xoa, no ocono sa xynrnnannr, r.. nn
cnuxo sa onsn or cnr na nayxara, nsxycroro n nnrnxra.
on n xoraro rsn nnsoaann ocamn cnnn ca nanuann c snmnn nmna xaro Xncroc, rn
yx, rnnna nnn osnxon, r oxasar nn aconmrn mnymnsm. a rasn ocnoa nnxora n mox
a c ocmcrn ncrnncxo ocooxnn na uoucroro. nnxnnxra na cmnnrnnn cmcra xy
nnrnxra n oxynrnsma n morar a c nscnar ocraruno o.
oraro xoonrnnr na osnxon omyar cc conr yxonn arx, r mnoro o snaxr, u rxa
nnarn a ar ynn n roron sa oa, n cmy conr nnxrnn, a cmy carannncxnr cnnn, xonro rn
nanaar us rxx. conmrno nocnonm ]axr , u nnsannr xm smxra cmcra n nanaar us amnr
nnsxn n nnxrnn, axo n morar a n noxr no u nsnnrannx naunn.
yx rxa a oxcnnm n noxo a nouram, u Xncronr cnnn, cnnnr na rnx yx n yrn
ncrnncxn snmnn nnxnnx nnxora n nnsar xnsnnara cncrma na uoxa no rosn naunn. n c
nsxxar na nnn yra ]oma n nnxora n nn xonronnar.
mcryar asnnunn no mnymnsm, xoro c oxcnxa or mnnanoro na uoxa:
nymnsm, xoro araxya n nsxnxa mncnnro, uycranro n onxra;
xoro araxya crnnnr orann;
xoro nnx na xnsnr c rmna cxnnx;
xoro nnsnxa ocan;
xoro nnsnxa nyocr.
mxram rsn rnann acnxrn sa ocrarunn, a sa ocranannr camn moxr a cn nananr saxnmunnro.
ara ]oma na mnymnsma, xoro nnx na mncnnro, uycranro n onxra, omara ]oma, or xoxro
craa nxnoro uoucro. x c naxrnxya orannsnano, sa a c xann n noxa carannsmr.
roara ]oma, xoxro nnx na crnara, nsnonsa uycrnrnnocrra na nn nnn nou crnnn orann,
xoro nnannno c nanua ,xcnoncro (c ,rno nxan, xaro crannuna ]oma), ,xcno uyan,
,ncnxomrnx n r.n.
rara ]oma nnx na xnsnr c rmna cxnnx n crnmynna xoara xm nonornuna n
]ynxnnonanna asmsanocr n orxnonnnx.
n urrara ]oma c nnsnxa ocan. uox nnnyn a a nocnon na onnnn
cmcra rxnoro nnn ayara cn. oa ca naasnrn, xonro u n morar a ar orcrannn or
cncrmara.
n nrara ]oma na mnymnsma, xoxro noaxa nyocr n symn, c crnra o nnnoro nsmcran na
cocrnoro csnann.
us rsn nr ]omn na mnymnsm n mnoroonnr nm acnxrn, nornnaro on or nanxrnun nnan,
uomxnxr xnor c nnnnsxa o no nouomxo cmcryan. axa c asnar na-orarnrnnn
naxrnxn n c nnunnxar so oncrn. uoxr sanoua a nonaa, xn nn yxacxam cxr,
nsnnnn cc craannx n mxn.
Xoa, xonro cn oasxar, u us mnymnsma ca nmo no-ocono, ca nmacrnn n nsmamnn
nxannnn, nsancnmo or roa c xaxn nmna n sannx c xnuar. ca nannnrn, nyxamn c or namro
ocono nnmann. nnnnxr mnymnsm no osnoxonrnno ccroxnn. o oxasarncro sa ocona
oronocr n snnmunocr xm nnsannr xm smxra yxo. o roa n osnauaa, u uox ,n
o, a nsasxa nasnonoxnn na xra.
nxoxonnsmr mox a nnsnxa mnymnsm ncoxa crnn, no on so o nnnym rmnc.
ymnro on o rnannx na cunoro crnnnm, a nmnno na crnyma (rnara xocr), na
cnro n na rnnr mycxynn. ymnro ucro nnunnxa rcxn naannu.
mcrara, xonro no na nnn yra nnunna nnarn c onnrar a c xonuar mxnnnara c]a, r..
smnara c]a, n xoxr na no sa rn, nonsnnsar or cxxaxn xro na omcroro or onxnonnx
nao, or xoonn xro, nnn or nsxycroro, nayxara n nnrnxra. axro or nara crana na sacara
so cmcra xnxr na ra na yrnr, nnsnxaxn nonnrnucxn, connannn n nxonomnucxn
nonmn n nancro, raxa n ornoro cmcryar so smoxnocrn sa naasnrnan. am nan n
marnannn onarn uox n mox a nonyun. a rxx na-axnoro ynxaan na xnora mxnnnara
c]a.
aasnrr n mox a cn xynn ryx nr xnor. nxn roa ro c onnra a ro nocrnrn c nomomra na
asnnunn xomonannn nunnx. o noonn nma nnxora n ca nocnn ycnx, a nnarn ronmn onacnocrn.
m no-manxo ro mox a ouaxa ynxaan na xnora or conr ,xonrn or ornoro. o mox a
nonyun raxa cnnno xnanoro ynxaan na xnora, camo axo nscmyxa xaro amnn xnsnnara cnna na
xnmnr or rasn crana na sacara xoa us cncrmara sa ocan. a rasn nn cmcryar mnoxcro
mron, nxxon or xonro u oxcnnxm. sn mron ycnxar rnano us nxn n nsmamn.
cxxa xonronnama ryna or yxo c nncnocoxa xm na na corrnnr cnnnrnucxn xro. xo
r ca nnrnosnn, n xonronnamara ryna raxaa. xo xrr xymanncrnun nnn oxynrn, n
xonronnamara ryna cmara. aroa cmcryar mnnnncxn, nooucxn, xymanncrnunn, nnrnosnn,
oxynrnn n yrn no xro.
a smm nannm nn xr c mnnnncxn naxnonnocrn. nouro cnyuan xonronnamnr yxo ca
xoa c mnnnncxn nosnannx. xaro morar a nscnar onnnr or ]nnomarnanna rnna rouxa, r
asnonarar c nou ccra sa narnocrnnnan. orar a nanmaar scrnro na onnnn cnnn n
oron rxnoro n nnrxaar mnoro no-mnoxn smoxnocrn onacrra na nunnr ccra. xo c
cnocran nn cnosn nxa or rasn crana c nn or ornara, smoxnocrnr m ca mnoro nann.
oa nm aa smoxnocr a sacnnxar n xrar so xoa.
,acnnxan n xran nn? n sxnnxnan nxxo or rosn xr , moxra xna xa, xo ornoo x
nsnan?, , moro rnaoonn, xoro nsusna?, , moro uno sanyman, xo ro nsnxya ? n r.n.
asnar nn x sacnnxanro? nmnromnr or no-noxnr nnunnn ca nnmnnnann, a camnr
nnunnn n c smar no nnmann. xo nonyunr rnaoonn noan noma nnn nnannna mncn, n
moxr a nmaxnr onxara c na ranrxa acnnnn. oraa onxara nsusa, no nnunnara ocraa. naun
n n cr nsnxyan! n c onr cc cnmnromnr n ocraxr nnunnnr a cmcryar. oa, u cr s
onxa, n nomnx nnmo no ornomnn na amro yxono xaucro.
nnnonn xoa ca onnn nnn nacncrno omnnn saan nornxan na nmnrannr xnsnnn
saxonn. ranarnara mnnnna c nncnocoxa xm roa ccroxnn, no n nocn ncrnncxo nunn. a
ncrnncxoro nunn rxa a c asn mro sa oa c nnunnnr, xoro a c on na-u c yxonnr
nnunnn, xaro rn araxya c xonnr, oxcrnnr nunn ccra.
noonunnro no oraxnn na roa, xoro c naxrnxya or ncrnncxnr yxonn mxonn.
mnnoro nnoonunn c om mnoro marnanno n nanxrnuno. crnncxnxr nxa rxa a
n ncrnncxn cmnnx. yxonnxr nxa m orxax xarronuno a nomorn na nxxoro, axo nunnro n
nnunnnno nnsanro na nannnra xm nn om no-nom xnor.
nosnnxr yunnx rxa a as, u nnoonunnro mox a momno ccro sa sanya na
xoara. na-cnsannonnoro nsnxyan n roon nnmo sa yxonoro ccroxnn na onnnx, r.. sa
ncrnncxoro nsnxyan, nnro sa yxonoro nao na nxax n nannnra ornocno nnmanro n scrnro
na nunnro. nxnonnxr uox mox a nsmamn us noxnocrno nsnxyan, no yunnxr,
xm no rx, rxa nannno a nos cnryannxra.
XVI
(III)
cxam om nx a nacounm nnmannro n xm crcroro na nsmamara, xoxro nnsxno c noxxa nn
naxrnxyanro na cnnnrnsma.
oraro no nommnn c oasya cnnnrnucxn xr, ]omnan or omn mncnn, uycra n xnannx, c
csaa n no marnnrno non. ncnnr, uycrara n xnannxra ca xonnnrnann rnano nxanro na
yxo. us noon marnun xr, xoro aynunnr c]n ca nsnxno crnacyann, c oasya crnnna n
cnnno nnnnuamo, rcmo nsnuan, xoro nsnnsa or cnara na nnccramnr. ano crnnnn
cnon, ro mox a c nn ronxma cnna. rnnnara noaxa n syx, raxa u nocrancroro, xro c
nsma cnnnrnucxnxr canc, nna nn onnn ron. axa yxor nar nxann. asna c r n
c axr nro, samoro nmar oromn nnrc or nnarannx nm xonraxr. nar ucro na rnnn, cc nnn
s cnoo or nmnrann. onxxora nan ncrnncxa ncxannna.
ra nacrna ncrnncxnxr xonraxr. a-cnnnnxr yx nsna noxoxmnx mnym. ucro ryno a ns
aynunoro non na xra. o r xaro noonoro nnnnua noono, asna c xo c orxna n us
marnnrnnx xr, xoro or cmoro crcro, armoc]ara craa nooxma.
a-ucro xonronnamnxr yx sacraa sa mnyma n yxanno ro nanmaa r, xonronnaxn ro
us nonroarnx mosx na crnnnmro na rnaara n cnro r.. us mncnnr, uycrara n xnannxra na
mnyma. cn roa xonronnamnxr yx nma nosnr na mnyma, sa a mox us ]nnnr mxnuxn,
namnamn c ocnoara na noca, a crnacya mncnnr n xnannxra na xrara cc conr nnn. axax
armoc]ara na yxor c csa c marnnrnnx xr. onax c ocsarnna xnanna.
oraro rasn ]asa ocrnrnara, xonronnamnxr yx sanoua a roon nnn nnm us mnyma. o
cnuxo, xoro c xasa nnn nnm, nncnnnoxa, rar, sa a c cxnxr ncrnncxnr namnnx na
xonronnamnx yx, a nmnno xaxara na rn sa nro n carnnrnr my. annm xonronnamnxr yx
xasa us mnyma: ,yx roxra aa, xaro nma nn ymxnara aa na nxxon or nnccramnr. n
roa ro sanoua a asxasa noonocrn or xnora na aara, nscrnn camo na nnccramnx onnna.
onxxora c cnyua mnymr on a nn aara, a nanan onncann, orroaxmo c na-ronmn
noonocrn na ncrnnara. nccramnxr onnna aconmrno yn n norxaa roa, xoro uya.
synrar na cnuxo roa xm ,aara c nsnna nna or cuycrn. axa snnxa na nnrnsnna rna
xcnnosnx. sxara c xonronnamnx yx ocmcrna n nnxuxara mox a cana.
o rosn naunn c oraa nnnxr xr. nccramnr nar ocann nn cn yr. onronnamnxr
yx ucro aa cr a n c nnmar non unno, samoro r nryanno nxa nonnn sxara! r
m na m xrr c cna, xaro c cna n xoncymna rno yromnn.
crnnnara na rsn oxcnnnx unrarnxr rxa a as xonxo nn ca raxna cancn. o rosn
naunn xoara nar orxnonxann or ncrnncxoro yxono asnrn. oa nomo n sa xonronnamnr
yxo, samoro raxa r c nnsar xm rmnnr onacrn n u n morar a ar ocoonn or rxx, n sa
cra n uoucroro, samoro no rosn naunn carannsmr c noxa.
a a noxanar nnrca na yuacrnnnnr, xonronnamnr yxo nsnonsar csmoxnn ccra.
annm yuacrnnnnr nonyuaar ncoxn noucrn, mnymr c nsnra anr na anr, naxr c monnrn sa
ymnnr, nsnuar c ncxasannx n r.n.
ox a saan nocr ann xnnara c na canca aa nancrnna nna rx. nxnono roa n
xno. oraa orx xonronnamnxr yx mox a sna cnuxn rsn noonocrn sa nocnara aa?
nnrnnxr xonronnam yx nounra cnuxn rsn noonocrn orasxamnx r na nnccramnx
onnna. orasxamnx r na cxn uox c namna roun sannc na nnnx uomxn xnor, cnuxn axnn
cnrnx, ]axrn, sxn n r.n. oraro c ccorounr an momnr or mnnanoro cn, orasxamnxr r c
cxnxa. oraa n moxr ornoo a urr nro n a ro cxr c mncnra cn. o n nxxo onnrn cmo
mox a ur amara namr. xo nannm nmar nacxoo nounnan nnsx n ornr roa ymno
ccroxnn na cnnnrnun canc, nsnnnn c mncnn sa nounnannx, roraa n m r nsmamn no rosn
naunn.
conmrno nsmoxno nn aara a c namna nxonara c]a? oa smoxno camo axo rx
nnxn nna nsxnmunrnno nom uox, samoro camo raxna xoa morar a c saxar ram. mcryar
mnosnna, xonro mnno c sannmaar c noonn nma, no cxoo, nsnnnnn c oramnn or roa
cmcryan, c orxasar or rosn naasnrnsm.
axara na rn nnsnxa rnannx n cryxryna oncr, noan xoro rsn cmcra nsrnxar
orarnrnno. xo na aa mox a c saxn mxy raxna uyonma, roraa moxm a cn ncranm
xaxa nna rx nnxn. xo rx c noxn no m na canca ncrnncxnx cn n, nmacrnnxr onnna n
nsxran yxacn n nocamn or xra.
onronnamnxr yx cnocon n a c marnannsna. a nnra ro nnnnua oxono c cn ocraruno
rnn n ]oc]onn cnnn, xonro ro nsrrnx or mosunnr n mnronnnr xnsn na nnccramnr. sn
]oc]onn cnnn nnnanxar xm xnmnucxara onacr na namara c]a n saroa ca nnmn sa uomxoro oxo.
nnrnn xonronnamn yxo morar a marnannsnar nannm xa nnn nn cmrn oas, na macxa
n cocrnara, a nsmncnna. oan nsxnmunrnnara rxaocr na ncmnr rn ryx cnuxo smoxno.
cnuxn oxynrnn nayxn or nocrra comaar sa cnoconocrnr na unomartocnnnnr a csaar
nnnnn oasn, nmnrann, nsxycrnn xoa. yx c cmam nannm sa ;%& or nonmnnara xnnra na
ycra annr, sa ?0("% K9& K92 or axam nr n r.n. nsannr xm smxra yxo
cmo morar sa nscrno m a csaar noonn ronnx, sa a sanyxaar c rxx ounnr xoa.
scnono n oxasano cmcryanro na cnnnrnsma xaro xnnn. cnuxo ocranano nsmama. o c
noxana us nmonnrcro, nnrc xm cnsannn n nnnca na ncrnncxa crnnna. conmrno nsmoxno
us cnnnrnsm a c nayun nmo noo, nmo nayuno nnn nmo oo, xoro a n mox cmo ronxoa ncno
a nounno n or yr nsrounnx. cnuxn moannn, yxonn nnn nnrnxryannn nxnnn nonyunn no
m na cancn, nnarn ca orxanarn or cmnnr nncannx nnn ca sanmcrann or nn mocrn.
nncannx na raxa naunara ,crana na nxroro nmnrannonnoro n na ornnx cxr, nnn nx
onncannx na ,aa n morar a nn nayuar na nma, xonro n moxm a snam or yr nsrounnx. r xo
mncrnunnr n oxynrnn nayxn nn nsxcnxar roa. a rcmnx ncrnnara nocrnranro na nosnann or na
xa us n no nrx na ocooxnnro nncrnnxr ncrnncxn nr xm nxnocrnoro nosnann. oraa
annocrra na cnuxn nma c asxna n nro, sa a mox cam a x non.
xxon cnnnrncrn ca na mnnn, u cnnnrnsmr mox a mnoro nonsn xaro oxasarncro sa
saronnx xnor. cmxrar roa sa nsxnmunrnno axno. n n cnonxm roa mnnn, samoro nourn
cnuxn xar saronnx xnor. oa axn xaxro sa ymmna, raxa n sa xncrnxnnna. nxn roa cra
nnxora n naxn noon xaoc.
aro arymnr c couar ncxasannx, nanann no m na cancn, xonro n rxano a nomarar na
xoara na smxra n na nanycnannr rosn cxr. acra ncxam a cnm oryx c xasanoro sa naasnrnsma, xaro
noronm nynxnnro: , c ocraxr nou a n xcnnoarnar! omncnr xy Xncronr
ymn sa raxa naunara nomom sa ymnnr: ,crar mrnr a norar conr mrn.
oraro nn nnsan sa xonnoro na axan n cmr mnxoxocmoc c nororx sa noo cnnsan
marnxra, ro o]omx amxnr na xamara cn nn nooas, na marnna, xoxro sana c
onnna xnsnnocr, c nscrna cnna, nnna sa mnx xnor. nnara, nama or nooasa,
onnnroxa xnsnnnr nn smoxnocrn ryx na smxra. oraro cnnara nannno c nsunn n xnrcxara
cm nsron, roraa cmrra nmnnymo nacrna.
n annonanno nsnonsan na rasn cnna n nannno xnsnno nonn xnorr ra no-nro, amxnr
na annx nornnnan. n nnannna n nasymna ynora xnorr, crcrno, m no-xc. oraro
nxxo ym nouaxano, nno no m na ona nnn nn nmacrn cnyua, smoxno cmrra a cnaa
cc saxonomnoro ymnan na nooasa, no smoxna n na nxmnno nacrnnna cmr,
nxn u nooasr nnrxaa om xnsnnn cnnn. rosn cnyua ymnnxr so c naxa cranx
cn nooas n ymna ucro xaro r nnn na mnan ronnn. osn nonc noxonm noan roa, u
nsrannxr nn roa nooas nnrxaa xnsnna cnna, xoxro rxa a nsasxoana.
xo nxmnnara cmr synrar or camoyncro, nocnnnnr ca yxacxamn. ooasr
cra om c nnna cnna, no nornnnanr, noan saryara na marnannoro rxno, n c nsasxoa. oraa
snnxa yxacno craann s smoxnocr sa cnacnn us naxan, s ocrn o mxnnnara c]a,
s nuncran n s ocrn o ncnara c]a. mcrya camo csnann, no uno noraxmo c
mnranno n moanno craann xaro ynx sa rmnara nocrnxa, asxaxnn n yrnsnn na ccrra, s nn
na-manxo onxunn.
nacnn ryx smoxno camo axo onnnn n nnxrnn, nornxnarn or nmo, ca ccroxnn a
ocmcrxr sxa c nooasa na camoynna n a nnmar nroara xama. amoyncroro ynnuaa
smnoro craann.
amo oxcnxam cnuxo roa? amoro mnoro or smnnr yxo nymaar na xoara xnannro sa
camoyncro, yncro n yrn snoxnnx. ra mox n no-o m asr nnunnnr sa rsn
nmacrnx. nnnr, nsnuann nnxcnaro or nooasa, cxar norox or rnn nannn,
rancmyrnann, sa a cnyxar na rxnoro, xoro u ro nxma. ax asxomn ,nso sa amnnnr!
raxa, crnram o noca: ax moxm a c ocoonm or mnymnsma? ax nrxr sa oa cc
carannsma? ax a ocoonm uoucroro or rasn nanacr?
us csnarnna nomxna na xnsnnoro n nonn n onarooxan na xnora or ony naro. us
ncrnncxo coono snacro s nacnnn n aronrrn, xaro n c ocraxr a n naranar nma, xonro n
xnar. aro orxnxr cxxo yxono nnxnn us crmx xm nosnann or na xa no nrx na
]ynamnrannara nomxna. us nncranno acrxma nmo xm xoara n cc csnannro: ,xo nmax
cnuxo, no nxmax Vnncannara nmo xm xoara, roraa mxx a cm nnmo.
XVII
X
n xaro asrnaxm cnnnrnsma asnnunnr my acnxrn, cra ncxam a nacounm nnmannro n xm yrn,
mnoro onacnn n nmoannn naxrnxn na onnnn cnnn.
I2'
Xnnnosara nonc, nn xoro uox cc cnnna onx noccrom oxynrnn mron mox a o na no-
cnaa nnunocr o ccroxnn na ranc. roa ccroxnn nocnnnxr mn cnuxo, xoro my c nymaa or
xnnnornsaroa. axna naxrnxn nsnxno nnnanxar xm unara marnx n ca nsnno onacnn, xaxro
moann acnxr, raxa n or rnna rouxa na uomxara ncnxnxa.
croxnnro na xnnnornun ranc mox a c nocrnrn no a naunna:
us ccorouaan na xnnnornsaroa xy nonroarnx mosx (medulla oblongata) na oxra.
us raxa naunnx ,xnnnornun norn, xoro osnauaa us xonnnrannx xy ounr.
oraro xnnnornunoro scrn c nsma ocraruno nro, roraa oxrr nannno sancnm or
xnnnornsaroa. ocrnoro csnann u nxma xonron xy rxnoro n uoxr na xnxn.
Xnnnornsaror mox ax a nsnama nnxnnxra cn na ronmn ascroxnnx no rnnarnun naunn n a
nornxn oxra xm corrnoro crn. crcrno, rasn marnx ronxm rxx n c naxasa xamnuno
mnoro rxxo.
o raxna nacnncrnn nnxnnx c nsmar yxacnn ncrnnnnx, xaro yncra, xaxn, cxcyannn
ornn n . oraro xrara c cyn or xnnnornunnx cn, rx n nomnn (raxa n nn nouro mnymn)
nnmo sa cnyunnoro c, a camo craa ]nsnucxn or nocnnnnr.
a yunnxa nscrno, u or rnaara oxr nauanoro cn anacr oxn mosunn nn. cnuxn
xnsnnn ]ynxnnn na rxnoro, cnuxn ]ynxnnn na orannr c ynanxar nannno or rsn anacr oxn.
us xnnnornunara xonnnrannx aorara na rsn acr n urnn nnn runnx mox nannno a
naymna. snannro na uoxa u n ccroxnn a rn ynanxa. Xrara craa nsnxno sancnma or
xnnnornsaroa n nn onnn momnr u n mox a xn s nro. axro naxosancnmnxr craa o
na nannnr cn n n mox nou a xn s naxornnn, raxa n xrara s xnnnornsaroa c nma
asannna. Xrara ucro cmxra, u rasn sxa or nmo.
oraro uox c namna xnnnornuno ccroxnn, rnaara, r.. na-ronara uacr na rnoro rxno, c
asnx na nononnn n r ncxr or r crann na amnr na ryomarnannoro rxno xaro xxa
oxono ara. rnoro rxno na xnnnornsaroa sacraa na nno mxcro. n saman na xnnnosara
scranoxanro camo uacrnuno n rxnoro ocraa nannno sorannsnano.
xaro oxono rnaara c namnar nnmno orasxamn rn, crcrno, nnxaxn cnomnn n morar a
ar sanuarann. Xrara ocraa s cnomn, a orram n s onnrnocr. Xnorr craa scmncnn sa rax
uox. a c nocrna raxa c nn uomxn xnor yxacno ncrnnnn.
oan rsn nnunnn aconmrno nonycrnmo xnnnosara a c nsnonsa sa mnnnncxn nnn, xaxro roa c
naxrnxya monara ncnxonornx. x nsxnmunrnno onacna xaxro sa nannnra, raxa n sa camnx nxa.
xaxr c csa ronxoa cnnno c nannnra, u cn m nannnrr sarya nnunocrra cn n sanoua a
mncnn, roon n xn xaro nxax, nonaa no nroo nnxnn n n mox a xn s nro, oxaro n
ocoon. ox nannnrr a c nsnxyan or nxxo xomnnxc, no yro ornomnn ro nonyuaa
nnsnunmn naanxannx, nnmno na ronocounnr acr n urnn nnn runnx.
onycrnmo nn nonnrn uox a aorn c oxynrnn cnnn. xaxr aorn cmo cc cnnn, xonro n
nosnaa. crcrno, om no-nomo , xoraro unomartocnnxr csnarnno n ono nocrax no xnnnosa
xrara cn sa nocrnranro na nnunn nnn.
K3%"'#&
o nnunnn, nourn cxonn c onncannr no-ro, ornuam n nunnro c marnrnsm. o xn onacnocr xaxro
sa nannnra n marnrnsaroa, raxa n sa nxnoro uoucro.
oraro uox onn, ncrnncxara nnunna sa oncrra nnarn c namna camnx nro. mxnr or
mnnanoro nnn nacroxmro cn ormmaar us rxnoro. us rxx rxnoro ryn or cnnara cn n raxa ro craa
noarnno na asnnunn onacnocrn.
rnoro rxno orxnam no rouno xonn na marnannoro. sancnmocr or ccroxnnro cn, rnoro
rxno cnaxa ryomarnannoro c xnoronoxamn cnnn. us rnoro rxno c rancmyrnar nnanrann
n nnrnnanrann cnnn, xonro scrar xy nnanrannr rn, n cn roa c naar na
marnannoro rxno. cxxa xnrxa na rxnoro nnrxaa rn onnx. xo rnara xnrxa saa, ro n
corrcramara n marnanna xnrxa cmo rxa a saa. mo raxa n uycrara, mncnnr, xnannxra n
crmxnr nnxcnaro scrar na rnoro rxno. xo an oran onn, roa snaun u n corrnnxr
rn oran onn n nnrxaa oncrna nannx.
oraro uox onn, nnoara nnnma crcrn onnr sa scranoxan na saro. s nnoa na
onyan uox onxnono c noxasa or na-oara cn crana onnnxr ucro nn mnn uox.
nscrna crnn onxnr, craxr n cnaocrra nnunnxar mnranno n moanno nuncran n xamonnx. o
rosn naunn oncrra nnara smoxnocr sa scranoxan na nomannara, saara nannx na rnoro
rxno. xo rosn onnr ycn, r.. rnoro rxno ycn a cn ornounn, ]nsnucxoro scranoxan camo noc
na m. o axo roa n c nonyun, snaun nnn orannr ca mnoro nonn, nnn nannnrr no m na
oncrra nonxaa a ymn saro cn n n mox a namn ncrnncxo cnoxocrn.
nn ccrn nxa mox ornnuno a scra sa scranoxan na crcrnnr ]ynxnnn, xaro
nnnca nomomnn ccra, nnoua nra n sma mxn, xonro n cmymaar ]ynamnrannnr
nnonn noncn, a camo rn nonomara. yx nnrnnrnrnocrra, r. . ncrnncxoro snann, mox a nomorn na
xoara.
o namcara na nxxo, nno ro nxa, manarannn nnn nanx, ]ynamnrannnr xnsnnn ]ynxnnn na
an uox, csann c annoro ccroxnn na onnnx, nnarn nnannna, on xoraro nocnnnnr n c
noxxar nnn sanxsar nara.
nn ncrnncxn yxon nunrn cmo n morn a nomorn mnoro na nannnra, no ro nnxora nxma a
nsmn rxx us namcara ]ynamnrannnr xnsnnn ]ynxnnn, namnamn c nsn nnn na
cocrnoro my cmcryan.
o rouno roa nan marnrnsaror! o xaa conr rnn nannn rxnoro na nannnra, s a
nnrxaa nnoccrno snann, s nosnann sa ]ynamnrannnr xnsnnn ]ynxnnn, s snann sa
nnunnnr na oncrnr. rooro rno rxno sacraa na mxcroro na rnoro rxno na nannnra. us roa
ro ]ocna cnryannxra xaxro yxono, raxa n rncno. o cmymaa n nnnr noronn na nannnra n no
rosn naunn ocmcrxa na nxnana sxa. arnrnsaror noma xamara na nannnra n noan roa
ano nnn xcno mnoro m craa.
arnnrnnxr ,nun mro nsnno onacn:
xaxro sa marnrnsaroa;
raxa n sa nannnra;
a on n sa nxnoro uoucro.
2" ' &3%"'"$
n conr ,nunn mron xcracncr ornma or nannnra onnn ]nynn n samxna aa or conr
,san ]nynn. onnnr ]nynn, ccroxmn c or rn, nornuar naro no xara na xcracnca n c
csar c rnara cycrannnx na orannsma my. xcracncr c onnra a orcrann uacr or onnnr
]nynn, xaro rn ,nsrcxa nnn ,nsmna c ruama oa. n nsrcxanro oau c ornx mnoro manxo
xonnucro or rxx. oraro onnnxr ]nyn c nsxaun na naxrx, ro u n mox raxa ncno a c orcrann n
c asnocranxa
no nxnoro rxno na xcracnca. oraa no nomann nr crcrnnr my cnornnrnnn cnnn sanouar a c
oxr c rsn nn mcra. runn na mro oau nrooro rxno craa xra na nonxnrnnoro
oraxn, xonxoro n nsxnno n xnsnno a ro. axa cxn xcracnc ano nnn xcno craa xra na
coxra no]cnx. nn cmymnnx, axon saonxannx n ryxynosa ca na-ucro cmannr nocnnnn.
2" ' 2*%"
Xoara mox a ca oonnn or rsn ,nunrnn n ax a nsnnrar yaxnn xm roronocrra nm sa
camoxra. o nunnxr nm mro ncranxa ronxma onacnocr n sa camnr nannnrn. axro u
asaxm, or nannnra c ornmar onnn ]nynn. nnxora n c cmar uncro ccroxnn, a nnarn ca
cmcnn cc san rn. c ocraxr or armoc]ara n c ranc]omnar or orannr c rmna
cxnnx nannx, xoxro sa cxn uox asnnuna n noxoxma camo sa nro. nynr, ornr or
xcracnca, nma sxa c rnnr cnnn, xonro rxnoro na nannnra rxa a nonxar a nsnnnxar
crcrnara cn ]ynxnnx. axa orannr c rmna cxnnx c ]ocnar n nroaar.
cn roa rnr, xonro xcracncr aa or c cn na nannnra, ca ronxoa nnnnyannn n rxxnara
nannx ronxoa nnuna, u r nnxora n nxa mornn a onxuar aorara na orannr c rmna
cxnnx, a nanorn nnsnxar nnna sorannsannx. synrar na roa nnonr,ns xonro
nannnrr s onnaxannx, craar c no-xarxn. axa mxy nannnra n xcracnca c csaa na
nsxnmunrnno nxnarnna sxa. us nx c crnra o csan na r rnn rna, omo ucro o
r ocsarnnn nocnnnn.
cn roa sa nannnra cmcryar n yrn onacnocrn. ommnnxra, xro xcracncnr nxyar,
ncranxar cxnao sa oncrn n nmacrnx. nxnono sornuno nscnan xcno noxasa, u
ornrnr, ,nsrcxannr or nannnra rn oasyar na, noona na onax onono cna maca,
noxnama noa xaro mcn xnnnm. rasn maca, xoxro nonxxora crnra uax o xonnr, naasnrnar so
nsxnmunrnno nn rnn xnno. raxna nommnnx c nxyar nannnrnr! axa r ucro nar
,nsnxyann or no sno, a sanacxr xmn nxxo ,noax, xm xoro rxnnxr orannsm nma ocon
a]nnnrr. xo no-xcno c asonxr, xo n morn a rn, u r ca cranann xra na marnnrnnr
,nunn mron? mnr nocnnnn ca smoxnn n xoraro nannnrr c ,nxya cocrnoro cn
xnnnm.
xcracncn c orara naxrnxa nnrxaar rnn rna, xonro c namnar ccroxnn na na-ronxmo
samcxan. axrr, u xoara ca roron a c ,nxyar c raxna rn, roon, u omcroro nxma n na-
nmnrann sornunn nosnannx.
2" ' @>%""
asn cnryannx n morna a c nnm no nsxnmunn, samoro cxn uox nma naoro cam a cn nomorn nnn
a cn nan, axo rsn naxrnxn n xnxa onacnocr n sa omcroro, sa saro n na yrnr xoa.
srcxanro nnn nsmnanro na ornrnr rn craa nnn ns oronn nosonn, nnn c ruama oa. oa
c nan nonxxora n na orn c normnoro nnonoxnn, u raxa rnnr aromn morar a ar nsronn.
ancrnna rnnr orannsmn n ]omn c ocooxaar orn, no ocoonnr raxa rnn aromn ccm
n ca sonacnn.
ommnnxra na xcracncnr morar a ar nouncrnn. axrr, u ornrnr rn ca no-rxxn or
syxa, nan nouncranro smoxno. o x nonaar rnr, orcrannn or nommnnxra? a ynnnara!
ornar rnr, xonro c nsxnxr ns nosonnr? a ynnnara! ornar rnr, xonro c
,nsmnar c oa. xanannsannxra n nax na ynnnara. rnr, xnnn ornx, naar oruacrn crann nnn
na ynnnara.
axa xoncrarnam, u rnara mcornx, xoxro c naa na nouro xoa no rosn naunn, cnosno
sacramaa nnmo nnoosnamoro omcro. asn onacnocr ronxoa ronxma, samoro nnxo n mox a x
xonronna, n cnyua na saonxan n smoxno a orxnra nnnxrnara nnunna. aroa
osnxonnr nsnrar rnaca cn cmy marnrnunara nunrncxa naxrnxa, craxn xoara a nsnonsar
ncmnnr mron na o]nnnannara mnnnna n noonn onacnn aanrmn. cnuxn ]omn na
oxynrnsm c ornuar or osnxoncxara mxona. r nanannr oxcnnnx unrarnxr mox a as
samo xcracncnr n morar a ar onycnarn o Bxonara.
=#(23%
ucro marnrnunnxr nun mro c canxa c xononaranro, sa xoro c roon cmnnr
xncrnxncxn nncannx. oa cannn oau aconmrno normno!
a a nma namarnnran, ]oxycnr na rnnr rna na xcracnca n xrara rxa a cnanar. oa
smoxno camo na nxxonxo canrnmra ascroxnn or marnannoro rxno. o nara cn xaro r
marnannn rna c oxocnar, xaxro nn xononaranro, roraa c nonyuaa cmcan na rnr, a n n
nnman. nnxnnro, xoro ycmam, xoraro noaam na nxxoro xa, n na rno nno.
n xononaran rxnoro na nannnra nornua cnnnann yxon orn. oraro xononaranro c
ocmcrxa no nnunara onx n c nomomra na cocrnnx nnon cnnnann orn, roraa n c nocrnra
]xr. anorn, roraa crnro rxono n no n sa xononaramnx.
n ncrnncxoro xononaran rnxr yx rosn, xoro cn cnyxn cc cnnnanno-yxonara cncrma.
rnxr yx n nxya, a camo nocnna yxonnx nnr n crcrnnr nunn cnnn na nannnra. onnn,
xonro no nnoa ca onarorncrann a snnmar nomomra na rnx yx, morar no rosn naunn a ar
nxrno nsnxyann, xaxro n nara, noan rxxnara nnnnocr.
ronr na ncrnncxoro xononaran n morar nnro a c nnoaar, nnro a c nsyuaar onxnonnx
nnrnxryann xnor. nnnanxar xm rmnara mxona. osn, xoro ron n ocron sa roa, mox
a ns rasn mxona.
XVIII
X

nnmnnr cmnacr rnan oxcnnxm, u cmnnara uomxa nsxa nornocrcrna. aroa
uomxnxr xam rxa a asymn n ,a nocron sa rn nn, xaxro Xncroc xasa rn. 2 or
anrnnro na oan, n raxa o ncxasa coro ,sxcnn na rrnx n.
oa sxcnn c ornacx o rn nonca. rxa a ar ocmcrnn ns rn nnoa. cxn or
rxx nnrxaa corrno no cm acnxra n saroa roonm sa rn cmonn xra.
nnx cmon xr c roon sa asymaan na xama na rncnnx oas or smnara nnoa n sa
nocroxanro na no. cmnocr ryx craa yma sa nonauannnx rncn oas, xoro a ornoo
sxcn. oa nooaxanro ,or oa n yx, or xnara oa, or nonauannara, uncra, cmna
nacycrannnx, n or ncrnncxnx oxn yx.
cxn m as, u xaxro noonsraxanro, raxa n asymaanro na cranx xam nocraxr nscrnn
nsncxannx! oa aconmrno nornuno. xa a c nma nn, u n c asymaa nmo mro n u
ynorno, a nmo xno, nnamnuno, xoro oymno or no cmcro, nn as, xoro c
nornonocrax. nryanno m rxa a asymnr n roa, xoro or noxonnn na noxonnn nno
nonoxno na na-ncm (cmo n sornuno) xynrnnan. oraro uoxr, xoro nxn xanaxara,
noxann a c nsnan n scranon, cxn n asan noxonmocrra or roa. o xynrnnannxr uox,
nno ro onxnonnx nnn sornunnx cmncn, m c cnornnxa na noona noxana, samoro cmxra, u
naroonnxr my crmx cam no c cn rnannx. nxn roa rasn ]ynamnranna nnocraxa
axn ssno sa cxxo ncrnncxo yxono asnrn n sa cxxa yxona nsxa. aroa osnxoncroro
nocrax roa ycnon.
a xannara na nonx xnor nocr : ,axo rxa a moro xnsnno nonn? noro xoa
cmxrar, u nn onnn naunn na mncnn nooro nonn u nannn. oraa mncnnro nm rn on
xm onnna ryna n nryanno xm no nnn yro unncro. crnnnara na roa, xoro xasaxm sa
nrx na cnacnnro, sa unrarnx nxma a ryno a nos orannunocrra n nnannnocrra na noono
mncnn.
xo unnyanro na or mnororo xncrnxncxn nxn oxasarncro sa xncrnxncxo nonn, roraa
mm a nma mnnnonn ncrnncxn xncrnxnn. nouro cnyuan xoara mncnxr nannno. mcryar
so uycnn ]nnoco]nn, xnnxn ncrxmn nn, xonro uox mox a c saryn. nosnna nnrxaar
nnrcnn xnnrn, rxxnoro mncnono nonn ucro nonxnono. ma n xoa, xonro snaxr mnoro sa
osnxoncxara ]nnoco]nx, orxro unxr nnrcnn rmn sa asroo. xo nonnro, xoro c
nsncxa or osnxonnr, moxm a c nocrnrn camo c onnn n mncnn, roraa sa xarxo m
uncnnocrra na yunnnnr mm a c ynnun c xnnxn. nocr ann mnoro or rsn, xonro cra c
nanuar yunnnn, nxma a c ornar, xoraro nocncrnxra na noara noxa cranar ccm xcnn. synrar
na roa r u n nxa mornn a ocranar camo nanmarnn, a m rxa xcno a nsnar mxy nnman n
orxnxn.
runn na ronnnr xnnxn xoa mnnaar ns xycor, nxnnnr n c oxocar o nnraryara na
osnxoncxara mxona. oa ca xoa c xcno csnann n ronno cn, xonro asnar n ycmar asnnunnr
acnxrn na namara ]nnoco]nx. nxn roa r n ca nn nac nnn c nac, samoro n xnaxr a nnmar
asnnunnr nocncrnx.
ma n raxna xoa, xonro cmxrar, u nonnro nma omo camo c moana, r.. moanno nonn,
nsxnmuamo mncnra. axna xoa nocroxnno craar xra na monnonannn n nxonronnann nuarnnnx.
nc r ca oymnn, a yr onosnnnx. nc n morar a nsxar n nn uac s Bxonara, yr ca
nnr, xonro x nanycxar. ca cnnnn, xoraro ca ,sa, no ca om no-cnnnn rxxnoro ,norn.
axax nma n xoa, xonro ca na mnnn, u nonnro nma camo marnanna crana, n u mncnnr n
uycrara nxmar nnmo omo c roa. mnoro so craar on na nanxa n nourn n morar a c ocooxr
or nro. oraro raxna xoa oar nn nac, r ucro cn nsraxar cocrno nxan ornocno aorara na
Bxonara.
oraro c nocraxr nsncxannx xm mncnnro nnn xm asnrnro na monnonannnr nomn, nnn axo
nacoxnr, xonro Bxonara nonyuaa or axnxra, nsncxar yro nonn, roraa raxna xoa csaar
na-ronmnr rynocrn.
annnoro nonn nnrxaa rn nra:
ro c xoon or mncnra,
norxaa c or uycroro n
us nnman na nocnnnnr, c oxasa na no.
o roa nn nosnaam rnrnnnxa na ncrnncxoro coono snacro n ccm nornuno, u nnnaram
rasn mxxa sa namara aora. cnuxo ocranano camonsmama n sarya na m. mnocrra na Bxonara
nsncxa ncrnnnocr n cnosnocr.
crcrno n noxonmo a oxcnnm na xnnra xaro rasn asnnunnr acnxrn na namro nonn.
yxonara mxona na Xncroc o]anr craa yma sa asymaan n noonsraxan, ynax n sxo, sa
ocooxaan n ymnan, mo c ornacx o smnara nnoa, n sa sxcnn, oxnxan n noyxan
oxcrnara nnoa.
sn a nonca ca sanmosancnmn. uoxr csnarnn rxonara nnoa, nanxrnxara. us
nnnx ynax ro mox a ocmcrn sxoa cn oxcrnara nnoa. xaro n c asraxa nmo
mro, noymno, nn rxa a noonm cxxaxa cnorna na craara nnoa us no
annonanno, r.. rnocrnuno-nayuno nonn.
crcrno, cmcryar mnoro nuxn, so nonmn, saaun n nsncxannx, xy xonro yunnxr
rxa a c ccoroun n a c nayun a rn noonxa us nannno xnsnno nonn. morar a
ar noonnn, samoro cnnara na axnxra nnarn roroa a nomorn na ncrnncxnx yunnx.
xy mnoxcroro nuxn nma raxna, xonro ca ccm nmnrann n crcrnn. uox rn ornxa
nscrno m, nnxa rxx n rn noonxa nosnrnno.
mcryar n axnn, ryno noonnmn nnxrcrnx, c xonro yunnxr nocroxnno rxa a c on, sa
xonro ucro cnyma n xy xonro rxa a asmnmnxa ornoo n ornoo.
o yxonnx nr cmcryar nnxrcrnx n onnnn nsncxannx, xonro morar ncno a ar orcrannn
om or nnx nr, samoro sa mncnra roa nnno xcno, samoro yunnxr nsnnra aconmrna
noxonmocr or roa, samoro rxr noxo xnan n naroann na roa yunnxr nnrxaa cnnara a
sm nmnrann mxn n a rn nsnnnn.
m rasn ryna or nnxrcrnx, unro nmaxan nxn nnoccrno ocra na uoxa, ca ynorara na
mco, rmrmn, anxoxon n yrn naxornunn ccra.
Bxonara na osnxonnr nocrax na nsnoxamnr yunnnn nsncxanro sa xnsnna nomxna n no
ornomnn na xannro. x nsncxa nn rranancxn naunn na xann n sxan or rmrmn, anxoxon
n yrn naxornnn. a a m nsunarnnn rxa a onnnnm, u n nocnro na xoxn n na cmo n
rxano a c nsxra. oa nsncxan c nocrax or Bxonara n noan ronxmoro yxono snaunn, xoro
mox a c xn raxaa xnrcxa nomxna, a samoro sa xannara no nrx na yunnucroro rx nannno
crcrna, rsa n onxnona. xo ro n mox a orroon na no nmnrano nsncxan n c
cnornnxa, no-nararmnnxr crmx xm nonca na nooaxan n nn camo xacna nnmsnx.
a xannara, crnnn na nrx na yunnucroro, rranancroro ocnono nsncxan. onxxora
ocraruno camo naxarxo a nsnoxnm namro cranonm sa rranancroro n mnosnna mnoro so c
orxasar or yunnucroro.
scrno , u xanara n nnxarcnr oxar n noxar rxnoro onnno ccroxnn. cnnnxra
na xanara c ccron or crnnnnn cnnn c asnnunn nannn, nscrnn xaro nramnnn. Xannr s
nramnnn nxmar nnxaxa cronocr. nnnnxra or crnnnnn cnnn nnccrar cnuxn onacrn na yxa.
aroa, us acnmnnannxra na rsn cnnn, n rxano a smoxno noxanro na xnora xamonnun
noxx. o nn snam, u roa n raxa. nnynn cm a nnmam rsn cnnnnx or crnnnnn cnnn
nramnnnr, sano c orannunn mcra n cnnn, samoro namro rxno n nnrono a ynorxa camo
cnnnnx na nramnnnr xaro rann marnan. oxonmn ca cmo n rnn cnnn, xonro c snnmar
or rnoro rxno, n acrannn cnnn, snnmann corrno or acrannoro rxno. m roa rxa a c
nnaxr n mncnonnr cnnn sa mnrannoro rxno. axax ca noxonmn n nmnrn or ryara marnx,
nyxnn sa nsraxan n noxan na marnannoro rxno. onyuaam rn us xanara no ]omara na
nrnn, masnnnn, rnxnarn, mnnannn conn n yrn.
a no mxcro craa noc sa roa, ann n ncrnncxn c crmnr xm nonca na rnannx. xo roa
n raxa, n cnoxono mox a cn ocranr cmoro ccroxnn. oraa nxma cmncn a nomnxr naunna
cn na xann. xr cn cnoxono cnncxn xaura, n]rnn n xoxomunnn. r roa n nxma a c asonr
nou, orxonxoro cr momnra. noro or nmara, xonro m n asxaxar no rosn noc
rranancxnr xro, ca sanya. uox m ym cc nnn s rranancro. amnr an n xonn
ucro ca ocrnrann o croronmna sacr n on nou, nxn cnncxoro mco n rncrara mynxa. mo n
anxoxonr n rmrmnr nxma a n naxr uax ronxoa, axo n nxanxar ocono. mnnoro xann
xn xncrannsannxra na uoxa anocn nnn x onycxa ccm saana ]oma.
o axo n csnarnno c crmnr xm cnacnn na cra n uoucroro, roraa sa ac nonmr
,xann craa axryann n n asna c m nsr xanara, xoxro n nornoun na nonca na
nooaxanro. oraa n cnnno m xnar roa n ro m cran crcrno.
aroa nannm nnnxra nourn n c roon, nnn camo saoannano, sa rranancroro. a roa uox
rxa a c onaroon. rranancroro camo no c cn n ocooxaamo, a ncranxa camo
nmcran na rouxara na anocn.
o axo n c crmnr xm ncrnncxn, yxon xnor, roraa nnonoro nuncran na xra craa
noxonmocr. yxonoro n nnonoro nuncran na xra rxa a xr xa sa xa. cnuxn
nnrnn ca c crmnn xm roa. aan onxnonnx uox oau nnarn ca c nann xomnomncn,
orannuaamn c nanna n nnon na nocrn, cmo n no m na xncrnxncroro. axa nannm o
cara na 18-rn x anrnncrxara nxa cmcryaxa nscrnn naxrnxn na nocrn. o sa snamnr, sa
ncrnncxn nnrnosnnr, r.. sa rsn, xonro nosnaaxa nnunnnr sa rsn nanna na xann, m xcno, u
roa n mox a nma xomnomncn. cnr, or unxro omnocr nonsnnsa ncyc, xxa ynn rranannn,
samoro r nosnaaxa cmnnara na xnnnxra n nncroro na nnoxynnnx xnor.
nro na na n nnnro na nno, sa xoro c roon nncxnr nnrun, rxa a c asnar no
ccm yr naunn. sn nnrun morar camo no sornun naunn a c asnar nannno. osn, xoro c
crmn xm yxono nuncran na xra, a nonycxa nmnranoro xnmnucxo nuncran, nnnnua na
mnoro mncrnun uox, xoro nxn roa c xonunn ryara marnx c cnuxn nocncrnx or roa.
namn nn xnxr mnnnonn noonn xoa.
Xnornncxoro rxno n xnornncxara x cxar ocn rnn n aynunn xnornncxn cnnn, ucro n
mnoro yrn cnnn. ornnaro or no-ncma rnna rouxa, rsn cnnn scrar na uoxa xaracro]anno.
ro nnsar xm smxra n nonmaar cnornara my. ro samo yxonara mxona nsncxa or yunnnnr cn
rranancro.
xcrmnoro rranancro oau onacno sa yunnxa, samoro us nro morar a ar nnsnxann
nsnno cnsnrnnn ccroxnnx. a a norarxr roa, yunnnnr na nxxon cran oxynrnn mxonn nnnn
n nymnn or m na m. mnxr synrar oau c nonyuaa n c na nonnx ]acyn.
XIX
X ,
X V
nnmnara rnaa nsnoxnxm nxxon acnxrn or mnnnro na yxonara mxona no nocnr na
rranancroro.
Vunnxr na Bxonara na o]anrnr rxa a rranann, samoro xnornncxnr xnrxn n camo
snnxrcrar, no n naxr nsmoxno nsnnnnnro na nronr saaun no-rouno nuar na noncnr
na asymaan na craara nnoa n sxcxanro na oxcrnara. aroa rranancroro ocnona
nnocraxa sa crnan Bxonara na osnxonnr.
axro nscrno, namnxr orannsm, nxnocrnara nn nsxa c ccron or asnnunn rynn xnrxn. nrunn
rynn or nn n cmn n n c naxn cocra oasyar nn oran. ama no c cn cxxa xnrxa
ncranxa nn cxr, nn nxnocrn mnxoxocmoc. xnrxnr c nsma n omxna na mcrara.
nrunnr xa nnnnuar cnnn n us rxx xnrxnr c saxanar. yrn mcra c ornxr, cn xaro
nsnnnxr saaunr cn. mo raxa xnrxnr ymnar, cn xoro c samnxr c non.
a cmnnara nnona nayxa rsn uynn noncn c om ca nasraana rana (xaro nannm
noxanro na mosunnr xnrxn). o sa sornunara nayxa r ca xcnn n onnnn. x nn yun, u
xnornncxnr xnrxn, s nsxnmunn, ca aconmrno nn sa nac.
ara or xnornncxnr xnrxn mox a c noxn na rn nna yxono, moanno n marnanno. asn
xana nnunnxa yxonn, ncnxnucxn n ]nsnucxn ]xrn. axa nannm xannro c na crnmynna
nsnocr, xoncxoro mco xocr, rnmxoro cnaoymn n sxann cnoo, cnncxoro xcroxocr,
cnnocr, ryocr n yrannocr, onmxoro nnnmn, nrnuro mco mox a o on o nnornsm.
aon n xoa, xonro c xanxr nnmno n nncrno c nxxon or rsn no mco, nnrxaar na
rnnnuna cnrnarya. cxxa xnrxa ncranxa cnno nnr n nnrona camo sa orannsma, xm xoro
nnnanxn. aroa cxxa uyxa xnrxa nnunnxa a na namro rxno. cn ]nsnucxn, ncnxnucxn n
yxonn ]xrn, xnornncxara xana on o cnnno nnsan xm smnoro.
nannro n c no-noxoro nonaan na uoxa marnxra corrno c nomnxm n nsor my na
xana. xxon sornnn rxr, u cranano c oxcrna namca, no roa aconmrno nxno. axa xaxro
uox cam cranan nnunna sa coro nann, raxa n nnarn cn nsnan corrcramara my xana. rosn
acnxr morar a c asnnuar cm ]asn:
nooa xana, ccroxma c or noyxrn or acrnrnnnx cxr;
acrnrnna xana;
onnan na xanara c noyxrn or xnn xnornn;
onnan na xanara c mco or ynrn xnornn;
onnan c anxoxon, xoro on o samrnxan na csnannro;
onnan c nnxornn, om o rnannx na aynunara c]a, ynoxan na nnr n na csnannro;
onnan cc cnnrrnuna xana n cnnrrnunn nxacra, xonro nnunnxar cmymnnx rnoro rxno us
mnnannsnan na xnsnnnx r.
us rsn cm ]asn uoxr crnrnan o noro na rasn smna onacr. us rxx nnnxr rncn oas
cnuxnr my acnxrn osan, rnnan, onn n nmacrn, on camo us xanara n nnxarcnr.
xo smm no nnmann n yrnr nnunnn sa rosn ynax, xaxro n marnannnr, moannnr n
yxonnr sanmocrnx mxy rxx, roraa m moxr a asr xaxo nonoxnn c namna uoxr.
xxon sornnn asnocranxar rsara, u uoucroro ocrnrnano noro na coro nann n u
sanoua nrooro nsnran naro. n oau xasam cmcrya n nonaan yrn smnn onacrn. ann
uoxr nancrnna m rrn no ncrnncxnx nr n m c cnacn or rmnnnara, sancn or nrooro nnuno
mnn! omara o xncrannsannx n rnannx xana, xoxro nma ronxoa maamo snaunn sa nnnx
cxr, n c ornma na uoxa. o camnxr rxa a c orxax or nx c nnunoro cn mnn, no sa roa nyxno
corrnoro nosnn.
oa nosnn n mox a naranno. Xoara, xonro smar roa mnn, ro naxr, na no mxcro,
no scrnro na cox nacnomn, nuncrn n xoon or axnxra. csaar saa ocnoa sa
roa mnn c no coxarno xnsnno nonn, xaro nn roa nnmo n rxa a nonycnaro. a
no mxcro, xannarr, rrnan no rx, rxa a c ocoon or naxornnnr. axa ro nuncra nrara,
mcrara n cmara ]asa na coro nann.
nxoxonr samrnxa csnannro roa omonscrno. on n na-manxoro xonnucro oxasa nnxnn
xy nnnannara n xnno]nsnara xnsn. nxoxonr nsmcra nosnrnnoro csnann na uoxa n ro orax sa
nna nrarnnn cnnn n nnxnnx.
nxornnr nxrno nnsnxa rnannx na nxnara nxarnna cncrma, na cunoro crnnnm, na
xra, na orannr sa snonsocro n na nnara cncrma. mrmnr macoo acrnn, maco
naxornx, cram na xnxsoro xra, unnr xnn rnna, nononr orann, nrarnnnr nn,
nxara mosuna nononna, mycxynnnr nxnnx, acrannoro rxno, moronnx crmnr na rnaxa n xryma.
nxornnr nan uoxa asasnnrnn, xcnnosnn n arcnn. oa ca naronornunnr xaucra na
maconx naxornx. anoxn, cxcyanno nunn, nnn cmymnnx, rcxn naannu, rnaunn oncrn,
xmoonn, marnsm, xomnnannx c yrn oncrn, ca nxxon or nocncrnxra nn snoynorara c
nnxornn. oa, xoro anxoxonr nnsnxa mnno n uacrnuno, nnxornnr ro mn nncranno. o
nan uomxoro cmcro sancnmo or smnnr cnnn n yxo. o xaa ,nynnx cnn a nxn oonn n
nomnr.
yrnr naxornnn, na c nxxon cnnn]nunn cocra, nmar cmoro scrn xaro nnxornna n
anxoxona.
nnrrnunnr mcra nonsocroro na xann n nxacra nnunnxar xymannsannx na rnoro
rxno. us rxx ro sarya coxra nnnnyanna nannx n c runn na mro sanoua a nnnnua na
nnanran r. axa uox c mnnannsna, a roa na-nomoro ccroxnn na xncrannsannx n
marnannsannx. axa nrara c sarax.
coonnnxr c or nra, mcra n cma ]asa na nannro, c corya cra n c urra ]asa ynorara
na mco n noyxrn or mrn xnornn. oonxanro na rasn ]asa c cunra sa nmnrana ocnoa na
ronxmara nn yunnucroro. n no-nararmnoro cn asnrn yunnxr rxa mnoro nnasnn
xannrnnnr cn nannn n a nnmaa a n c noa na xcrmnn crnx.
mo sro namara xana rxa a c ccron or nnoo, snnuynn, nxxon nnxn, nonaxn n noyxrn
or xnn xnornn, xanmn c c acrnrnna xana. crar na xanara croro nnnnyann n rxa
ronxma nnasnnocr, xoraro c cnasar nxxon nanna. roa ornomnn nn n rxa a naranam
nnmo nn na yr, samoro cxn uox c nyxa or asnnun ccra na xanara.
oryx asrnxaxm nmara or rnna rouxa na yxonara mxona n nonsa na namnr yunnnn. mcryar
oau n yrn rnnn rouxn, a nmnno mnoro axnn rnunn coaxnnx, xonro n rxa a nonnxam.
n cm na mnnn, u rranancroro mox a mnoro no-oo ccro sa norarxan na onn
n nacnnnx, orxonxoro csmoxnnr oroon, cnoasymnnx n mxynaonn cnoron. amoro ]axr, u
nourn cnuxn rnunn rranannn ca xymanncrn, a nn xymanncr, crcrno, norn cxxa ]oma na
nacnnn. n cxxaxn ocroxrncra xymanncrr nn mnonmn uox.
oraro nonxxora nooncram or xymannsma, roa yr cmncn. Xymannsmr n cn ocraa
nanxrnun, noan xoro n mox a on o ocooxnn. xa oau xcno a c as, u
xymannsmr axna ]asa xnora na uoxa, xoraro ocooxnnro c rcn ccm csnarnno. o axo
ocranm na nnoro na xymannsma, roa m ]aranno.
rnunoro rranancro yun, u ncrnncxnxr uox n yna xnornn, ocn nn camoorana. oan
]axra, u yunnxr na yxonara mxona nounra cnuxo xno, ro cmo rnun rranann. synrar na
conr yxnnx oau mnoro no-saomncnm.
rnunnxr rranann cuycra na xnornnr n nuomxara xcroxocr xm rxx yn y nro nornyca.
nannnnr, onnrnr c xnornn, xaxro n nsnnr ,yooncrnx na nonnr ro nsnnar c noxo
oramnn n smymnn. nonxrno xax amnr c yooncrn c onnuar xnornncxn xoxn, sa a
xr xax c ,moara, s nn na-manxo a rn snoxon ]axrr, u rsn xnornn ca ynrn ymnmnno.
cn rnunn, cmcryar n oxynrnn nnunnn norn nocnro na xoxn n na. uomxara xoca n
xnornncxara xosnna oasyar marnnrno non c nosnrnno n nrarnno crn, r. nsnuamo n
nnnnuamo. xo xosnnara o oaorna, rx sanasa conr xaucra, nxn u xnornoro orana
ymxno. osn, xoro c onnua xnornncxn xoxn, ncmnno m nsnnra nnxnnro na roa marnnrno non.
Xymanncrr, rnunnxr rranann, rxa o a as, u nannnoro xnsnno nonn mnoro
noxonmo xaro ran or yxonnx nr xm nn aconmrno cmn xnor, no u roa cmnocr osnauaa
camo nmcran na nnra na rxcrra. oan rasn nnunna nrooro csnann rxa a c sanouaa
n asmnxa. Vnnmoxaaxn acrnnxra, nn cm omnnn or uycroro sa nna n no-manxa crnn.
ocnonm ]axr , u acrnnro nsnnra onxa nn naanxan. n rxa a asr, u nanxrnxara
no nacro mox a cmcrya camo sa cmrxa na yro. yon] Ban nxxora xasan: ,oraro nmam,
syxr ymna n nman nao. cnuxo roa rxa a n o o nosnannro, u xnr nn
ncxamonnun cxr n u amara saaua a xnr nnrnnrnrno, xaro nocroxnno rcnr nsxo or rasn
ncxamonnx us nsnran xm nn no-ncm xnor. mcrya n raxa naunoro nonsno rranancro.
no roa runn uox m mnoro sa, naxrnxyaxn rranancro. o roa n xno. aro
nun mro ro mox a nma nsnno axnn acnxrn, no xaxro n nn cnuxn yrn nunn mron,
osaxanro camo mnno, axo uox nonxaa a xn rxono. na-onx cnyua
rranancroro mox a saan oncrnnr noncn. ,aocnonnxr rranann rcn camo nnonoro
sa.
n xasam: oa xaxo nn nomara? n rxa a nanycnm rasn nnoa!
amnxr xannrnn nnan rxa a nsrnxa nnnnsnrnno raxa: nnoo, snnuynn, acrnrnnn masnnnn,
noyxrn or snnn xann n nonaxn; mnxxo n mnunn noyxrn, xna. sn noyxrn na mnnannoro,
acrnrnnoro n xnornncxoro nacro xanxr rxnoro nn, noxar cnnara my nnamnuna n nomanna.
cn rsn nsoxannx n saaxr, u sa yunnxa, rrnan no rx, na-axnnr mornn sa
rranancroro ca yxonn.
XX
u V (I)
mcro yo xm rmara rasn rnaa n nnouam a nourr rn.11 or o nocnann na anocron
an xm onnrxnnr, or crnx 2-n o 16-rn. yx c sacxra na nsxnmunrnno nnxarna rma, a nmnno
nocr sa ornomnnro mxy mxa n xnara, xoro mro rnnano mnoro nou or cxxo
yro nmo xnora. oa na rma or nsxnmunrnna axnocr, samoro axo nxxo xna a n no nrx
na yxonoro nocrnnn, ro rxa a nosnaa saxonnr na xocmnucxoro ynncro n a c nayun a
xn cno rxx.
nomnarara uacr or o nocnann xm onnrxnnr nnarn nnsnxana rynocrn n cnoo nn
rnxyanro n. aan rsn crnxo ronxma uacr or orooxcanno xamnr c om noxar
nsncxanro xnara a nocn nra xoca n a nnsa nxara saana. o oxr na xnnr, xonro
csnarnno c cnornnxar na roa ycnon, craa c no-ronxm. noro mnan momnura or
orooxcannnr xro nannno ornuar roa nsncxan. cn roa nnarn nmano cnorna cmy
rsn nanna, n ro ocono or crana na amnr.
yn cmnnn n ]axrr, u cno xsornunnr rnxyannx xnara c csa c Xncroc a na roo
mxcro samoro mxr rnaara na xnara, a mxy nx n Xncroc c namna mxr, raxa xaxro Xncroc c -
namna mxy mxa n ora. aroa nannno asnamo, xoraro xoara c nnrar xaxo a mncnxr no rosn
noc. xaro noonn nsxasannx c namnar n yrn cmnn nncannx, roa om nou sarynxa
nannnoro asnan na noca.
a asara na noonn ronn oxam n orn coro nnrnosno yunn nnxaxo mxcro sa xnara.
axa nnn nnau craa xcno, u ronosnr n snaxr xax a c cnaxr c rosn nonm. nxo u n xa, u
naxncroro na xnara sancn or roa ann rx nocn saaxa nnn n. sn, xonro ocmnar nnnxra, namnar
nx mnoro marnan sa xnrnxa. oxxar anocron an sa ar na xnara, samoro nman nonmn c
xocrna rma n r.n.
cnuxo roa oau nannno c nomnx, xoraro ro asrnxam crnnnara na rnocrnunara nayxa.
Xnannro na anocron an: ,ancrnna ncxam a asr rsn nma nsnnnnmo nn mnoro manxo xoa.
nxn u osnxonnr nosnaar n nnsnaar anonocranocrra mxy mxa n xnara yxono,
moanno n marnanno ornomnn, r nxar mxy rxx n ronmn asnnunx. annm ]nsnucxara asnnxa
nou or ounna. mcryar rn ocnonn asnnunx, nsxxamn c rnr nnra na uomxoro
ronn nnra na rasa, nnra na cnro n nnra na rnaara.
axa nannm noncr na omxna na mcrara na mosunnr xnrxn nn xnara ccm asnnun or
rosn nn mxa. annn n cmcrno asnnun nocrra na xnsnr c rmna cxnnx, na nononr
orann, nocrra, ccraa n on rmnaryara na xra. oan rsn nnunnn nmnnymo c nanara
]axrr, u nsxara na mxa n xnara cno csnannro, ymara n rxnoro r asnnuna, xaxro
]nnara, raxa n ryomarnannara onacr. cnuxn rsn asnnxn c oxcnxar c roa, u nooasnr,
yxonnr marnnn, xy xonro c ran namara rona nsxa, ca asnnunn nn mxa n xnara. oa, xoro
c namna yxa, rxa a c nsxn n marnxra.
xno rnnro na nxxon roco]cxn n onnrancxn yunnx, u yxa n cmcryar asnnunx.
roa r ncxar a cnoxar xa na cnoxnnx nonm mx-xna, a ocn roa a scrar nscrna crnn
,ycnoxoxamo na xnara nnoro ucro nnauno omcrno nonoxnn. rnnro, u nn n
cnuxn m ar ann, mox a c nymn, u ryx n cra xnara rxa a nsrnn manxo nnaa n
nancro. osn mro ucro c nsnonsa nn connannn n nxonomnucxn asnnunx.
ayun ]axr , u ]ynamnrannnr asnnunx, xonro c cmar orannr n xnrxnr na rxnoro na mxa n
xnara, c cmar cmo n ymnnx oas, yxonnx oas n nooasa; u rsn asnnunx c namnar
n nrannnx yxon nnnnnn na oxnx nnan; u roa n mox a no yr naunn, samoro cnuxo, xoro
cmcrya, nonsnnsa or yxa.
roa nn xoncrarnam, u:
cmcrya no oxcrno ronn mx,
no oxcrno ronn xna,
n u rsn a acnxra sano oasyar uomxara xnsnna nna.
sn a acnxra na uomxara xnsnna nna rxa nannno a xoonoar oxnx nnan, cmo n no
ornomnn na cocrnoro nm nnsann.
amrra na nnoara yun, u naaromr na uomxara xnsnna nna nnrxaan xa, cmcra,
xonro mnoro ornomnnx ca nnn xaro ornann oas no na yro. o orannuno r ca nnn asnnunn,
samoro n yxonara nx, ocnoara na r xa, cmo asnnuna. xo xaro xnrn na oxcrnnx noxx
asnosnam uoxa ncnnx my oas (nxxon nonyunxa rasn nnnnrnx), roraa xcno m asnnunm &#8 or
8%". moro n nn xnsnnara nna na anrnnr. xy roa snann c ocnoaar n mncnnr na anocron
an, cxamn c cn oromno rnocrnuno snann. oa snann nma ronxoa nox cmncn, u rsn mcra
or roro ncann xxa oxnn or nxxon xro sa n arnrnunn.
xo oau xoara nnrar ronmnr ]ynamnrannn asnnunx mxy mxa n xnara n n ncxar a
asar nsncxannxra, csann c rxx, m snnxnar mnoro ronmn rynocrn, samoro nnsannro na uoxa
a cran ornoo ncrnncxn uox. roa mox a cran a roraa, xoraro uox c nayun a corrcra na
nnsannro, xoro axn xaxro sa mxa, raxa n sa xnara, n ocono roraa, xoraro ro ycn a nsran
nannnoro ornomnn, nannnara cmcrna aora mxy rxx.
noro xoa or xymanncrnunnr cn c nornonocraxr na cxamannxra na anocron an (a r
ncranxar yunnro na Xncroc!) n noan cmnr nnunnn c oxxar n norn nac. oa oau n nn
nun a roonm n nnoaam cnuxo, xoro nn nsxn axnxra us Vnncannoro yunn na
mocrra. amoro ryx n craa noc sa mannnnannxra na xnara nnn sa nryannoro nacronmn na
mxa, a om no-manxo sa nnonaramoro crono nncro na mxa. raa yma sa asnrnro na
ncrnncxnx uox us ocmcrxan na onoro nnsann.
nocrnxr sna, u mxr nnrxaa nonoxnrnno nonxnsnano marnanno rxno, ornnarnno rno,
nonoxnrnno acranno n ornnarnno nonxnsnana mncnona cnoconocr. ,onoxnrnno ryx osnauaa
roucxo, nnamnuno, nsxxamo, nsnuamo. ,rnnarnno cnyuax osnauaa snnmamo, axamo.
mcroro na xnara oarno nonxnsnano, r.: ornnarnno nonxnsnano marnannoro rxno,
nonoxnrnno rnoro, ornnarnno acrannoro n nonoxnrnno nonxnsnana mncnonara cnoconocr.
asn oarna nonxnsannx rxa a oasya ocnoara sa xamonnuna, coona, cnonranna sanmna
aora. x mox a ocnoa sa noxrno asnrn, sa snmno orxonn. x mox a nn csa
ncraa sa roa xax nsxnmunrnno nxacn, oxcrn noax nonyunn uoxr nnnro na
xocmnucxoro ynncro.
xo cmcrnara aora c ocnoaa camo na cmcryamnr nonornunn n ymnn asnnunx
csnannro na asa, roraa nnarn c crnra o sanmno xcnnoarnan, nn xoro nnxo n nsxoxa
yrnx. xo asrnam no raxoa sanmocrn, ocnoaamo c nsnxno na nnoara, m nonyunm
cnnara xarnna:
a) Xnara nnarn c onnra a nnx na mncnnro na mxa n raxa a ro na c nomomra na nonoxnrnno
nonxnsnanara cn mncnona cnoconocr.
) xo roa n c ora, rx noyxa no rosn naunn nonoxnrnnoro acranno rxno na mxa.
) us nnamnxara na mxxoro xnann
r) xnnxr naron c noyxa n rnoro rxno axrnna marnannoro rxno, nn xoro
) marnannoro rxno nmnnaa crn.
r roa craa xcno xaxo c nma nn nnnxra, xoraro c xasa, u ,rxr na or xnara. oa
osnauaa, u ara nona craar xra nn na yr.
oraro an uox xna a cnacn or xroara na nanxrnxara, roraa Xncroc rxa anxanno a
c namcn nrooro cmcro. rnxr yx rxa a sanoun a cra uoxa, xnoro Xncroo rxno,
axnxra, rxa a mox a nnnoxn cnnara cn no nn ron naunn.
nacnnro n mox a oxcnno c sanmocrnro mxy mxa n xnara, samoro roa sanmoc-
rn nono. a a scranon nonauannnxr nonc, noxonma namcara na nmna, uyxa
cnna. rosn cnacnrnn nonc rnxr yx nnx no na nrarnno nonxnsnanoro mncnono rxno na
mxa, unxro mosuna cycrannnx c namna nynara onnna rouxa nnnannara xnsa.
oa ocnxan mox a c ocmcrn camo cn na ]ynamnranna nomxna. oraro ornnarnno
nonxnsnanoro mncnn na mxa c asn rnx yx, nrooro rxno na uycrara n xnannxra c
cyxa xm no xnor, a roa or cox crana ynaxnxa cnnno scrn xy ornnarnno
nonxnsnanoro acranno rxno na xnara. axa ns mxa, or rnx yx, us axnxra c axrnnar
r acrannn rna. n rosn nonc nonoxnrnno nonxnsnanara mncnona cnoconocr na xnara
csnarnno c nrnona.
r roa oxcnnn n na a c nan nso, u xnara n ccroxnn a nnm nxrno rnx
yx. oa saxnmunn n nno normno, samoro, xaxro oxnx yx c nsxxa nn mxa no
crnnnmro na rnaara, raxa nn xnara, cn na ]ynamnranna nomxna, ro c nsxxa no
crnnnmro na cnro.
n mxa oxocanro rnano us asyma na cma rnx na yxa, a nn xnara roa craa rnano
nacrno na cma ymnara crnnna. xr rxa a nnc nonyunnx or ora ornn nmnr
xy xncxara yma, nnoro crnnnno crnnnm. oraa asymr n nacrnocrra, csann sano,
m noar uoxa xm ocooxaamn na.
oraro n r acrannn rna na onxra n na snnmanro, c axrnnar or rnx yx, nrxr xm
nannnoro sanmocrn nannno oron roraa c nsxxa ocooxaamoro crn.
us rosn nonc, cmcroro na xnara, c nomomra na nuncrnoro acranno rxno n ornnarnnnx
nonmc na mncnonara cnoconocr, xncxara mncnona cnoconocr c ocooxaa, nonoxnrnnnxr acnxr c
scranoxa n a maxara na xnnr, mox ornoo a nom ronxmara saaua, xoxro n m nocrana om
or camoro nauano.
oraro uox ornoo c sanann or, sanmnara ocooxaama aora m cran smoxna nnro no-
ano, nnro no-xcno. asn ocooxaama aora nn nanuam xocmnucxo ynncro. xy rosn
nnnnnn n rxano a c ocnoaa axr. xo us ]ynamnrannara nomxna Xncroara axnx n
saxn csnarnno uomxoro cmcro, axr cn ocraa camo no nonornuno nanxrnuno xnnn,
xoro mox nryanno a nonsno n a sanasn xoara or om no-noxo nonaan, no sa rsn xoa n
rosn n ax axar ymnr: ,axa moro, xoro omxn mx cn nnara, o nan; a xoro x n
omxn, m nanan no-o.
o rnocrnuno-nayun naunn mox a c oxax, u nmnoro ccroxnn na uoxa nncrnnxr nr sa
cnacnn noncr, xoro mox a c oosnaun xaro: or - Xncroc - mx - xna. a rasn ocnoa nsran
cmnnxr caxamnr na axa, xoro ronxma mnnocr, no cmmnno mox a n na ronxma
onacnocr.
nonornuno-nanxrnunnxr ax n c nyxa or caxamnr.
axo omo oau nma cnuxo roa c ynoro xy xncxara rnaa? o, no cnmonnuno oxcnnn. a
c monnm, osnauaa a c oronm sa cmnocrra na or. a nooxyam, osnauaa a cnrncram sa roa,
xoro mox a c cxan ]nnoco]cxn c nuncrnoro csnann, cn xaro oxcrnara mncrnx c
asxnna na roa csnann. xo mxr saron mncnra cn sa oxcrnara cmnocr, sa Xncrooro
oxocan, roraa ro cron xnora c ,noxnra rnaa. xo xnara saron cnro cn, coxra acranna n
ona cmnocr sa Xncrooro oxocan n c onnra a ro acnmnnna rnano c mncnra, roraa rx c
namna xnora ,nsaana.
a no-nnno asnan nn noraxm: oxcrnoro oxocan nn mxa cra nnmno us asyma
mnranno, a nn xnara nnmno us cnro acranno. aroa mxr mncnnrnxr rosn, xoro
nonnxa, a xnara rasn, xoxro oymxa. xr xaro K mncnnrn, nnxonnnro na ora.
Xnara nnxonnnro na mxa.
yx nonxrnro ,nnxonnn osnauaa yma, crnnna. cmnocr, xasanoro c asna raxa: xnara
crnnnara na mxa. oxcrnara omnocr xnara nnmo s mxa n mxr nnmo s xnara.
a a n asymna rasn xamonnx, roa ncrnncxo anocn, sa a c nsrn cxnonnocrra xm
snnman na yxa nnmno mncnono, xnara rxa a c ,noxnra nnn ,saana rnaa. nn,
xaxro xasa anocron an, ,sa a ar sasann rmnnr anrnn. nasamara cnna na rnaara nxma
nnmo omo c xocara nnn cc saaxara. x na rmna, csnarnno nocrana na rnaara cnna,
crama us rnnnara na ymara.
XXI
u V (II)
sxa c nsnoxnoro nnmnara rnaa n nno o a onm om manxo nnmann na snaunnro
na xocara nn ara nona, r xaro mxy xocara na mxa n xocara na xnara nma cmcrna asnnxa.
cxn xocm ncranxa nn orannsm n n c ccron or mrn xnrxn, xaxro rxr nxxon yunn.
cxn xocm xna ccrana uacr na rxnoro. smoxno oau us xnmnucxa oaorxa xocara a
ymrna. onoara ronuxa na cxn xocm, namnama c xoxara, csana c xra n nnr n c
xann or rxx. ocara cnyxn sa orxan na nanxnnro or nnr n xra nan n sa nnman na
noxonmnr sa orannsma cnnn. oa osnauaa, u xocara ccrana uacr or rnoro rxno. xa a
snar, u xocara mox a nsnnnxa onxra na nuo non sa orxan na nanxnnro, ocono nn
xnara.
Xncxara xoca ncranxa nsnuamo non, mxxara xoca nnmamo non. aroa no xaucra n ccra
mxxara xoca c asnnuaa or xncxara. oan roa xocara rxa a c noxa mnoro o n cnuxo,
xoro c nnnma rasn nacoxa, rxa a nannno crcrno. snannro na cmnnnx uox
nacoua rosn crmx nnannna nocoxa, noaxaxn n camo ncrcrnn nannn, no n nmannocr n
rosora. nocron an cnrncra, u xncxara xoca cra xaro yno, r.. xaro no nuo non.
cncrn
nsnuamoro cocro na xncxara xoca smoxno synrarnr or aynunara acnmnnannx a ar
nsnuann marnannoro xnsnno non. nocrnunara nayxa aa roa ornomnn xcnn nanrcrnx. oraro
anocron an oma nnmann xy ncrcrnnr nannn, ro noxasa sannn nosnannx.
sxa c sanmnara aora n ornomnnro mxy ara nona noxonmo om nx a c nm xm
ymnr na anocron an (ocnann xm ]cxnnr, rn.5, crnx 22-25). am anocron an xasa: ,Xnn,
nounnxar c na conr mx, xaro nxnocr xm ocnoa; samoro mxr rnaa na xnara, xaxro n
Xncroc rnaa na nxara. o xaxro nxara c nounnxa na Xncra, raxa n xnnr nxa c nounnxar
cnuxo na conr mx.
sn nnrarn ca nnn nnarn oxr na mnoro nonraxn. nmnnr monn mna cxamannxra na
anocron an c ornuar. nacnucxara orooxcanna ]omyna na axocurannro c nonycxa or
rnunnr cmnnnn. onxoa ca ,nocrnn r. oxrno n unrarnxr n crnacn c roa.
cnuxn ornnannx, norcrn n nonraxn c noaxar or roa, u na rsn nnrarn c rna nanxrnuno.
xamannxra na anocron an ncranxar onacnocr, axo c nnnarar no ornomnn na smnnx xnor.
rax cnyua orooxcannocrra no ronxmo nxcro. nnrnannr nsxnnnx csana na ronxma
mncrnx n cmna rana.
aroa, axo nn nnmnrnn mx nour ronocounnx orxc (]cxnn, rn.5) n cn xax: ,nxam nn,
snaun as nancrnna cm rocnoa na xnara, ro onxnon rnynax. xo na xna cran onnx saan
nsxnnnxra na anocron an, roraa n rx raxaa. asnanro na rsn nma nnunnnno mnoro
craannx na xnnr. roa c oxcnxar xnnnx xaro ]mnnnsm, a cmo n xnrocrra, c xoxro xnnr
nonxxora cn cnyxar. xo n n asnar n n cr ccroxnn a nsxnr ymnr na anocron an
crnnnara na rnocrnunoro yunn, roraa r nxmar nnxax cmncn sa ac n morar a c nnar
onacnocr.
xa c sanounm xy ranara na cnacnnro. acroro na crnnnara, oxcrnnx noxx,
cnoro nacro, ram, xro xn n cmcrya ncnnxr uox, c noxxa no cmno
xocmnucxo ynncro, xaxro om cmncn, raxa n mnoro nnuno. am, onoa nacro, n c saxa
ornoo xma]onrr, a c nsxxa cmncroro na r xnsnnn nnn na uoucroro.
nanxrnxara axr no nonornuno xnnn n xamonnunara cmcrna aora nsmoxna
noan axnara nnoa, snnxama or cyrxaanro na roro. axr nanxrnxara mox
a cran cmn camo axo oasya ara xm unocrra, camo axo cnyxn na noncnr na crarnxara. uax
roraa sanmnara aora nnona cmncn rosn sanyn cxr.
nocron an xasa: ,asn rana ronxma, as oau roox sa Xncroc n sa xnsnx. osn, xoro n mox
a asraa rsn rann, sacraa n nn nasmnm nonm.
nnmnara rnaa oxcnnxm xocmnucxara cryxrya na mxa n xnara n rxxnara oarna nonxnsannx.
x c ocnoaa xy oxcrnara saaua, xoxro r xnsnnn nnn nonyunxa, a nmnno us
sanmocrn a cranar ornoo no cmcro, na omnocr.
oraro uoucroro namnnanoro nanycna oxcrnnx noxx n norna sann, cnomnr sa
nonauannara omnocr na cmcrara sannun. auoucroro nanxrnunara onacr n m
snonoo, a s cnomn n no rnncxo ccroxnn.
xaro nnxo ronn, xoro n a xnsnno non, n mox a cmcrya s sanmocrnro na
ara uomxn nona, uoucroro nanxrnxara nonyun ornoo csnannro sa ocrnocr. aroa
a xnnra na oc c xasa: , o uox a cam.
oraa or naxaa am, xoro osnauaa ... uoucroro, a nsnan nox cn. axa us rnx
yx c asn no ono sacnuan no sa mxa n no sa xnara no ocnxan, xoro mox a
canno cc cn, c ync. rosn ,cn, scraxn xy csnannro, xxa oxocnarn n r crnnnnn
crnnnma cunnr nnro: nn xnara nnoccrno, a nn mxa us mncnnro. oraro c
cynxa, r c snnxa mnoro csnarnno n mxy rxx c asn ncrnncxa nmona sxa. Xnara
ona or oro na mxa, a mxr or oro na xnara.
,axn ca rsn scmncnnnn? m nonnrar nxxon. oraro nn mx nnn na xna nosna ,yrnx
cmna, uncra, crna nmona sxa, roa nosnaan craa us cnnnannnx yxon orn. osn
yxon cnnnann orn nsnnsa xaro crnnnn nu ns no or ara na cunoro crnnnm. romna
onx nn roa nraxr crnymr (rnara xocr), rnmycnara xnsa n nxxon orann na cnro. oraro rasn
crnnna sanoun a ron cnro, nnnxr non asnosnaa yrnx, r c cyxar or cnx na saaara,
sanoua nonc na csnarnno sanmocrn.
yx nn nsnuno nouraam, u roa ,nosnaan c ornacx o nonauannoro, snnuno xocmnucxo
ornomnn nn xm yr n u crmxr n nornxr xm csnarnna sanmna aora nonsnnsar or na-
noxara nm cmnocr.
axa m mnnanoro, yrnnnara soa na nrnro na nanxrnunoro non, raxa n cra. oa
,nosnaan, xaxro roxy-mo cnomnaxm, smoxno camo sa roronr sa roa ymn. mnara nnunocr n
cnocona na roa. oan ronxmara rnannx, xoxro nnxcnaro nonxaa, nsnauannara xocmnucxa
nosnaarnna cnoconocr nannno saxnxna. x crana xaro nannnr, rx ananna, omcna n corrcra
nannno na nmnoro ccroxnn na uoxa.
onauannoro yunn oau nocrax yunnnnr ornoo n nsncxanro na oxnx nnan sa cra n
uoucroro, c Xncroc n xnsnx, c uncroro orxonn n nonauannnx saxon. axa arxra n ccrnr na
yxonara mxona c asnosnaar na nonauannara ocnoa, cno nonauannnx mro.
asnosnaanro craa no cmnx naunn, xaxro xoraro ymn, sanmocraxn cn, rxa a xr no
rx na crnnnara. ,oraro nn uox sanxn rasn crnnna, ro m nanycn maxa cn n ama cn n m c
cx c yrnx. oraa r sano m ar no xocmnucxo cmcro. xo n asr rosn nonc n
xocmnucxara cryxrya na mxa n xnara, ymnr na anocron an m n cranar xcnn.
ra a c nacounm xm anrnnro na ar, rn.19, crnx 1-12 n a nnm xaxo xasa Xncroc sa rsn
nma, r.. nnro anocron an, nnro ranxr ar.
n nro ooxa ]ancnr, sa a c onnrar a ro cnasnxr. my ncranxa asymnara annocr,
nsnonsaxn cxxaxn nanxrnunn nsasn n cxxaxn nanxrnunn ornnannx. xnaxa a c orar or
rasn ronxma saaua n rcxa xomnomnc.
, mora nn a c ocoox or roa? nonnra asymnara annocr. rroor rnacn: , cr nn unn...?
,amo oc a nomn sa axa? (cmoro n o nocnann xm onnrxnnr, rn.7) ro n orroor:
,oan amara xoaocunocr, noan nanxrnunara rnna, xoxro ryx. nauanoro oau roa n
nno raxa.
Vunnnnr, xonro xcno asnar cnuxo roa, m xaxar mox n xaxro Xncronr yunnnn: ,xo aorara
cron raxa, roraa mox n no-o a c nsrn nanxrnunnxr ax?
oa rnnm oau r onacno. nscrnn cnyuan n cnryannn mox a crnrnno no-o a n
c cxnmua ax nanxrnunnx cmncn. o n mox n n na a c nrnonar ocnonnr crno na
nrnro. uoxr n mox a nsrn xocmnucxara cryxrya na nmara. us Xncroara cnna ro rxa a
csa nmo xacno n snmno or roa. Vunnxr, xm no rx, ccroxnn a nocrnrn roa.
yxonara mxona cmcryar rn uomxn rynn:
xsann no oxnn.
xsann or yrn xoa.
xsann no cocrno mnn.
sn ymn ucro c rnxyar xaro ,ornman na mxcrnocrra, ,nrnonan na axa. xsanro
nncxnx cmncn nonc, nxoxam xmnnro. xsan n xmnn osnauaar csan c
Xncroara cnna, c axnxra.
mcryar xoa, xonro ca nocrnrnann rasn marnucxa sxa nnmnn cmcryannx. cn roa nma
n xoa, xonro c nomomra na @%%9(* ocmcrxar rasn sxa cra, a nma n yrn, xonro cn nsomar roa
nnrxann c oa. cnuxn rsn xoa, xonro nsacrar us ]ynamnranna nomxna cno ncnnx uox,
nxmar nnunnn a c craxyar or onacnocrnr na nanxrnunnx ax. morar a nocrnrnar nannnoro
sanmocrn. a rxx on n nanxrnunnxr ax mox a na ara sa cnacnn.
oro mox a ro as, a ro asna!
XXII
B B
X
oa, sa xoro xoara ucro nn nnrar n xoro c runn na mro nnarn nnsnxano xon]nnxrn,
ornomnnro na narnnx osnxon xm xaara, nonnrnxara n csannr c rxx nonmn, xaro rosn sa
mnnnransma nannm.
oraro osnxon oxcnxa cranonmro cn no rsn nocn, crynnxr na Bxonara n morn a c
nouycra nsonnan, samoro namro cxaman nnnnnnno no-cnnnanno. nro nn xr or omcroro n
nnoymn c nac nnro nxonnx, nnro nonnrnucxnx, a om no-manxo xymanncrnunnx. cono
xymannsmr, xoro c cmxra sa anrnmnnnrancrnun, c runn na ronnnr c oxasa r axno
nacron xm nac.
o m na aora ca smoxnn cnryannn, nn xonro asnnunxra mnnnxra morar a ar mnoro
arcnnn nnn noxo a naanxr. oa n raxa, xoraro craa noc sa xann n nonnrnucxn na.
oraa asnnunnr mnnnx no rsn nocn n ca nonm sa nac. nxxon cnyuan ax cnomarar sa
nsxcnxan na nmara. xo rasn onacr c noxxr cnonn nocn, roraa n snar, u rosn xon]nnxr
mox xana cmrxa a c oxax cmcrn sa nsoa n ann m mnr a cranr yunnx na
yxonara mxona nnnnx cmncn na ymara, nnn n, ann xnar a nr no nrx na
osnxoncroro, nnn n.
a nnro na orannsannx n or nonsa, axo nnara aora c noxxr nanxnnx saan asnnunn
mnnnx. orooxara: ,o nomncnn n nocn sanounn ccm ymcrna, xoraro craa noc sa aornoro
non na osnxonnr. cnorara ryx or cmcrna axnocr. xo n n moxr a c crnacnr c ano
nam cranonm, n cr nxnn a nr c nac.
osnxoncroro mxona, xoxro asnocranxa Vnncannoro yunn. o rosn noc nn n onm
arn, samoro n asnocranxam cocrnoro cn mnnn, a ]nnoco]nxra na narnnx osnxon. no
ac rasn ]nnoco]nx mox a snmna nnn nnmnrnna, onacna nnn ocooxaama roa c no. a
nac axno a crnram o xoara, xonro nnnanxar xm namro aorno non. raxna xoa nar.
axro u oxcnnxm, nn c namnam cara na rnoanna onmnnx n namnr ronnn m ar
nsnnnnn c ronmn nomnn. B nma mnoro nnrcnn asnrnx, xonro cnnno m nnnnuar nnmannro nn.
cxn uox nocroxnno m nnsoaan xm nocr no xonsonrannara nnnnx n nxxon m cunrar, u nn
n rxa a cronm nacrana or rsn nma.
Bxonara oau nynxaa yunnnnr cn: , smar yuacrn rosn rnranrcxn oorx na
nanxrnxara. c xnxr rosn asymnrnn orn, a sanasr cox rananr, cnnn n xnsnnocr sa
aorara, sa xoxro monn Bxonara. asn aora m mnoro xonxrna, xnsnno noxonma n r
ocsarnna.
asr o, u ryx n craa noc a c orrrnnr or nanxrnunnx xnor. ranonmro na
osnxoncroro synrar or yxonnx nr, xoro scrxam n noxasam na yunnnnr cn n xoro
on naro xm ccroxnnro: , cra, no n or cra. a no mxcro yunnxr rxa a c rnxn sa roa,
u a n or rosn cxr. oraa ro mox a cra cra cno nsncxannxra na axnxra. oraa ro
,acro, nnrxarn na xamxa.
/2& " 7("$& FLiplom von Ma.stromG, no crao asmnrnno sa rncrannxra na osnxo-
ncxoro arcro or 1794 r., c xasa:
,maam rxcrno, u axo crana acro, nnrxarn na xamxa, nxma a noxnxm, nonomaram
nnn nacuaam cc snaro n co nnxo nanrncro, xnxs nnn cynnocr, nsancnmo xaxa ]oma, c
nsxnmunn nnamanro na annnr, xaxro n nxma a nonomaram nnn nocrxaam nnxox ryna nnn ana
uacr or naoa xm ynr cmy nanrncroro.
B nocrax xannr na n asnon na oxnro nanrncro, xonro m oar o cnrnxra,
ncxasann rxonnro na oana, n xonro so c nnnnxaar. xma a c sannmaam c nanrncrnn
aorn.
m c snx nounr na roa nnnnnnno oxcnnn craa xcno, u xymanncrnuno nnn nxono
onnrnannxr uox nnxora nxma a c crnacn c roa, samoro r nyranno.
nrxarnxr na xamxa oau n nnro xoncarnn, nnro axnnon. o n rna nnro nanxo,
nnro naxcno. ronr yxonn rananrn, cnmonnuno ncrann nnnomara xaro snaro, n nroara yma,
ncrana xaro co, c nocraxr cnyxa camo
na oxnro nanrncro n n cnyxar na crmxn, nonsnnsamn or nanxrnunn nomncnn. axa ro cron
nacrana or cxxaxn nonnrnucxn, connannn n nxonomnucxn asnrnx cra, xaxro n or cxxaxn
nanrncra, xonro cmnocr ca rxxno nnmnn, oraxnn n cnmonn.
nrxarnxr na xamxa rna orro nanxrnunoro non oxnnro n oara, rcnro na nsxo,
xoro cmcrya! cnro na rnnnara, xoxro cmcrya! cnro na mnnro, xoro cmcrya!
o xoncrarna oromnara sanya n nxa na crona mamnna, nsnxsna or ncnr.
o n sanoua a xmn sano c oxanarara or symn rnna, n cn sanna nanxrnunn rnxrn na
rnr, a sanoua a aorn rosn a raxa, xaxro oxnro nanrncro, xaxro Xncroara axnx my
nan, r.. c aconmrna rnocrnuno-nayuna orroonocr.
oa mox a craa nacxx. n nosnaam arx, xonro onnn momnr noxar ana
xymanncrnuna nx, xoxro mox a nma nonuann nocnnnn. osnaam arx, xonro an momnr
aorxr mnoro xoncarnn nnn nnann xannranncrnucxn nar. osnaam rn n rcxnx cms.
osnaam rn xaxro anaxncrxnx, raxa n ormarnuno-orooxcannnx nar. cnuxn aorxr nannno
coono, s a c csar, sa a morar onnn momnr ornoo a nsusnar.
o rosn naunn c on na mamana nnrnnrnrna oa sa ocooxnn na uoucroro, xoxro mox a
c nau oa norn nanxrnxara. roa c oxcnxa n ]axrr, u nnxo or arxra n c osa c
nanxrnunn mnnx nnn nn, nnro na snnan or rxx.
nocrra na axnxra, na Vnncannoro arcro rosn cxr, Xncroc n cn ocraa nn or nac. o
ro n or rosn cxr, samoro rooro nacro n or nanxrnxara. acror na xamxa cnyxn na Xncroc
n o cna no ronx nr.
o aorn nanxrnxara, samoro oxnro nacro rxa a nacnno c xoa or rosn cxr, samoro
uoxr, nanan or roa acro, rxa ornoo a c n ram.
xaro acror na xamxa cra marnxra, sano cc conr nomomnnnn n cc cnnooro cn non,
cxn xna a ro nsnonsa sa con nnn. xxon xasar: ,n rnr, u cnyxnr na nmora, na ooro, na
ncrnnara n cnannocrra, na cooara, ancroro n arcroro n norn nacnnnro. , o, roraa
aorr sano c nac.
aornnnnr na Bxonara oau n xnaxr roa. cnar cox cocrna crarrnx: r ca cra, no n
ca or cra.
r xasanoro oryx craa xcno, u cxxa ryna, crmxma c xm nanxrnuna nn, nsnonsa Xncrooro nm
sa con nsron. cxn namna noxoxmnx sa c cn rxcr or ynracnnr o xano nnr. oa
oxcnxa samo nxxon cn mncnxr, u morar a cn cnyxar nacxx c osnxoncroro n u namara
]nnoco]nx mox a c oma cnuxn nocoxn. xo asrnam narynannx onnr, m orxnm, u nnarn
ca c onnrann a nn nnnxar xm csmoxnn mnnnx n srnn: ,oa mox n nno mnoro o, no
rxa a no-xcno nourano. nnn ,oa m na rmxa n rxa no-manxo a c nsrxa. , , roa
cm crnacnn, c onoa oau aconmrno n. o nac ocrnrar csmoxnn onnnnx. nn nn namnrar
nnxrncxn, yrn nn yxoxar n r.n.
n nmam naoro a xaxm, u osnxoncroro om n c nnx or roa. n cnyxnm na
nanrncroro na or n cram us na roranna yxona onmnnx. n cm anrnnanxrnunn n
ronxoa anxannn, xonxoro nxxo nsomo mox a . nnxr anxannsm na nanxrnxara c asnaa na
naura n anxannocrra na ncrnncxoro xno xncrnxncro. Xncroara axnx xaro nn xn, morm
orannsm n " rosn cxr, no # rosn cxr, sa a ro nsmorn. runn na mro nxxon rynn
asaxa roa mnoro o. aroa rosn cxr cnara na Xncrooro no nanona c x.
m nx nouraam, u cnuxo sa n norn nn aconmrno sasnnuno. oro nancrnna nn
asna, m o n m aorn c nac. oro n mox a crnrn o noono asnan, n mox a o, n
mox a cran nam crynnx. oraa noro m c nsmn s nro, no cnuxn cnyuan n sa nro.
rosn cxr Xncroara axnx nma a annsna asnnunn saaun. x noxa na yxona mxona, sa
a on noxoxmnr n cynnr naro no rx n a cyn xoara, nnrxaamn nacnomn, a rrnar
no rx. oa na sxcnrnna aora.
mmnno ca noxonmn asymnrnnn n noxamn crnx. onauannnxr nanxrnun
noxx c noxa us nxnnro na nornononoxnocrnr. o sa cxannn nnamnunara nnoa na
uoxa u n c onna na roa a nxna us nornononoxnocrnr, xoro nsxnmunrnno
xaracro]anno. a uoxa nma camo nn nsxo a cna nrx na sxcnnro, r.. ,a cran n a c
n nn cox ama.
nornn cnyua ro m nnnyn a cna na rnarnna nnnnx, us xoxro c asna
monnsm, carannsm n symn c na-yxacxamn nocnnnn. mcro cnacnn or nanxrnxara, nacrna
no-noxo saran nn om no-nncm xnsnn nnan. oa c om ornocnrnno, xoro nannno
nornuno. oa osnauaa, u axo uoucroro roa xnsnno non c ora na cara cn, roraa cnrynoro
cncrn m no om no-noxo saran nana. xa a nomncnnm camo sa anrononnr, sa
uoxonoonnr mamynn,
xonro mnnanoro ca nnn xoa. mcryar n nnunocrn, xonro u n ca ccroxnn a namxr nsxa on
n rasn uoxonoona ]oma n c namnar raxoa yxacxamo ccroxnn, u cno nac r u ca
ssarno sarynn.
a a c norarn nn rax yxacn xa sa nxnoro uoucro, namro xnsnno non c nnnara
mror na xonycxanro raxa naunoro ,nnono xonycxan. o c nsnonsa, sa a mox us
nro a c orarna na nanxnnxra, xoraro c noxn onacnocr or no-noxo nann.
oa craa na no mxcro us cmrra, xaro nn n ,nomanno xnnn. oa oau n ocraruno.
a nomom na cmrra nar xaracro]n n nmacrnx, no c runn na mro n roa n nomara. oraa c
crnra o onn, xro xonycxanro craa c no-nnrnsnno, coxarno n como, no naxax n roa n
nocn nonxnrnnn synrarn.
oraro no rasn nnsxoxma nnnnx cnuxn ccra c nsunxr, nxnoro uoucro c nnxnna no na-
anxann naunn. amo na xocmnucxa onmnnx c cnuxnr n nocnnnn cnuxn onacrn na nrnro
ccroxnn a ocnryn nn nsxo. ronara ncronx oxasa rosn mro. orocr nnunnxa noranro
na nnn xonrnnnrn.
onnr no craa nnra u ca orxnnnna. ra nn c namnam nauanoro na no nnxo
xocmnucxo uncrn, na nnxoro asymnrnno n oxamo no no na Xncroara axnx. axa
ornoo c oxasa, u or n nsocrax ronnxra na conr n! aroa ro c nanua ,or na rna, xoro
naxasa rxor o urro xonxno. oa unnxr axon na nmora.
axa asnam, u us yxonara mxona c asnar a nonca: nn sxcnrnn nonc na cnacnn
n yr ,na noxan nsnanocr sa cnacnn. oxasar annocrra na Xncronr ymn: ,s cm
omn sa sxcnn nnn sa nann. aroa Xncroc nnarn m nonrn! oa osnauaa, u rosn,
xoro n mox a nocrnrn sxcnn, n c nsocrax. a nroo cnacnn c ynnmoxaa smnara my
nnoa, mox n sano c om mnnnonn yrn xoa.
xo nxxo xax: ,oxr nn a cn ncranr Xncroc c oxn?, roraa orroaxm: ! o nn moxm
a cn o ncranm xaro nnmnn na Vnncannnx saxon. o csa cmcroro nn c rosn saxon us
xnara omnocr. axonr na acroro cra asymaamo xy namara nnoa, r.. rnnamo
xm sxcnn, nnn rnnamo xm nann.
Vnncannoro arcro aorn nonomno, sa a cxnn rnarnnara nocr na Vnncannnx
saxon. xo roa n smoxno (a roa n smoxno), roraa ocrananoro uoucro na oxanaro or
roara, rnarnnara nocr. n xasam: ,naa na ora!, samoro rosn cnyua c norarxa
yxacnnxr xa na nxnoro uoucro.
oomnn moxm a xaxm: Vunnxr, xoro n no rx, c nocrax cnyxa na oxnro
nanrncro, na Vnncannoro Xncroo arcro. o sama coro mxcro nnra na cnrnxra no
cc saauara, xoxro my nocrax roa nanrncro.
ra nxxo mox a xax: ,s ma roa no nounn na oxnro nanrncro, as cm nn narnnx,
saroa, nomornr mn.
oro yunnx na yxonara mxona n nma nocrann saaun, nnxora nxma a xax noono nmo. o m
mnun. o mox a nsncxa n a namn crynnucro camo or onsn, xonro us csnannro cn ca
onaroonn xm asnan. cnuxo ocranano, cxn narncx n nnnya orro xcnnoarannx.
aroa Bxonara na osnxonnr mxona na asyma, na asnanro. amo us asnan mox a
cmcrya ncrnncxo crynnucro. xara aronrrn c nnmo n nn nomara.
XXIII
B B
u X
osnxoncroro aorn sa uoucroro, no n c uoucroro. oro asmncnn xy roa, m as.
a rsn, xonro n c samncnxr n n asnar, sanosnaanro c osnxoncroro cnryno mnoro
asouaoamo. osnxoncroro nnro no ornomnn n c csa c nanxrnunoro xnsnno non n n
mox a oxcnno us nro. aroa xoara cunrar osnxonnr nnn sa nsnno nnonocnmn,
nasymnn n rnynan, nnn sa crynn n suycrnn, aoranrnn n anrnoxynrnn.
oraro roonm sa ,osnxoncro, nn nxmam nn xronym osnxynnanym, xoro mxcro sa
cma mxy uoucroro n osnxoncroro, mxy uoucroro n nonauannnx xnor, sa nn
xonraxrn nomxy nn. o crarrnucxn nnunnn osnxoncroro cna nonxxora mnoro oconn,
nouaxann nrnma, xoro c oxcnxa c nncrannnx crmx a c nn mxcroro sa xonraxr mxcro na
csan. o-ronxmara uacr or namara nynnxa m ocran mnoro yuyna, axo nma smoxnocr a c sanosna
c crnrnnoro osnxoncro.
o onnnn nnunnn ns nsmnnannr xo, a cmo n nc, namara aora nnarn nna cnana n
cmymaana. xo xoara nancrnna nn nosnaaxa, r nxmam a nocrnar raxa, a mxxa a nn ocraxr na mna
xaro ,snaxn cnyua. oa nsrnxa nannara cnryannx sa nn crynnx na Bxonara a
cmxran sa snaxn cnyua s nanro n xananro na snnr xyura, ocran na cnoxocrn, sa a mox
snnuno a n no rx. ma oau nornnnnn, xonro xnaxr a ro ,onar n nonxxora ro naxr
ronxoa mnno n nnxrno, u nocro nsmoxno uox a rn naann.
o nma n nornnnnn, xonro c ronxma xnrocr n nnrnnrnrnocr xnaxr a asanxr xaucroro na
aorara. noro m n nrnx crya a c nyrannsnar raxna, xonro xr, osnoxoxar n cxr
nnnn, a
nonxxora roa n mnoro amarnuno.
ucro nmara c ncraxr raxa, cxxam cxnxr cr, xoro ocn ncyc, c ccroxn camo or
mnsnnnn. o roa ccm n xno. cxnxr cr nnnnuam nannno na nn ncm cnno.
nnxax cnyua n m rar, xoraro rocnoara asxcaxa xnr cn nn nannunro na ronxoa mnoro
snoa, xoxro xaxa, u nxar uox xaro ncyc. oa xxa ronosn, mnoro nnrnxryannn, mnoro
oasoann, mnoro nnrnosnn, mnoro nacrnn.
am cm nnrr na cxnx nao n nanuam ncyc ,ynronnx. o ncxam a ocno nacro,
xoro n or rosn cxr. a cxanorcxn nonyun nan or roraamnnx cxn ,ncm cnno sa onnra a
,nrn ncyc n rxxnara xayna. nn rax nomomnnx mm a nm mnoro nonsn, samoro r ncxaxa
ornoo a snrnar nsancxoro nacro.
ncyc oau c namnam na xa na no nnrnosno asnrn, unro nonsxo n moxm a c ns
nnro or nanxrnxara, nnro nx or ncnnx cxr, xro ,ncmnxr cnno xnam a sa
nnxnnnnr cn. aroa sa cnnoa o m xaro nx c craoro na ronxma onacnocr, no
cmmnno n nn rnynax, samoro n c nocran cnyxa na roraamnara nxa.
o-xcno n ann orxasa a n cnyxn. rn rycrnn ronnn na rcm acroro, sa xoro ann
room. o c monm sa yxasannx, ynaxnnnx, oxasarncra, no n rn nonyun. onyun camo
]nnoco]nxra.
ann x no cmnx nr, xaxro ncyc. ro n ocran na mna or ,cxnx cr. noxocrnro,
xoro noxonmo na cxn aornnx, sa a mox a oaora ,oxnro nos, n o. nnxnxr macro
na axnxra, ncyc, nnmr sa roa.
crnnara e Xncronr ymn: ,s n cm omn a onca mn, a mu.
aroa, xoraro osnxon xasa: ,n aornm sa uoucroro, no n # uoucroro, roa ca ymn,
xasann c ronxma nnasnnocr, samoro snam, u cnor nmnnym. nxo n nsxnmun or roa; sa cnuxn
m c cn xasanoro: , rosn uac cnuxn m c asrnxr cmy nro.
cmnno nnmnara rnaa nmano raxna momnrn, s roa a nno nam namnn. ma xoa,
xonro c xar nnnacouno nnnxrno, samoro cmxrar, u roa noxonmo. n nac nmara n croxr
raxa.
nnxrnocrnr c xxar saxonomno nn cmara na Vnncannoro oxcrno yunn c nanxrnunnx
uox. o no nnoa mncnn no yr naunn n roa nnunnara sa mnoxcroro xon]nnxrn.
cxxa nnrnosnocr na rosn cxr, cxxa nayxa, xymannsm n nsxycro c oxcnxar nannno or
nanxrnunoro xnsnno non. xnr, ynncnrrnr, xamor na nsxycroro, nnraryara ]axrnr
nsnxno ro oxasar. xnr c nyxaxr or ormarnxa, nayxara or xnnorsn, nsxycroro or nomn, a
xymannsmr or nann. axrnr ro oxasar.
xo asrnam nxnoro roa nanxrnuno non na nocrn, nacxx m orxnm na n cma ocnona
narnaca, cmara naxa, cmoro ouaxan:
,o rxa a o!
o om anunnara;
o m o mro.
n cm na no n ro rcnm
m ro ynonm, m ro nocrnrnm!
a rasn ocnoa c asnar na-asnnunn aornn xnnorsn. oa norrr na uoxa c nronx xynryn
crmx, c nrooro nnacnrno nunn xm roa, xoro om n nnrxaa. axnxra oau xasa:
,o n noxonmo a 9)9%, o %!
o n c namna nxx anunnara,
o nxma a o mro.
oxnro nacro r ac.
o c namna r amro
mnxoxocmnuno xnsnno non.
nanxrnunnx xnor uox n mox a nocron nmo, xoro ano nnn xcno nxma a asymno.
aroa ryx nnmo n cmno nnxox ncrnna, nnxo mro, nnxox ]oma, nnxox nmo.
oraro nnonara xncrannsannx, ocraxanro, sanoun a c oxasa uoxa, nroara mnnma ncrnna,
nrooro rxno, naunn na xnor, nmora, roraa c no-xcno sanoua a c orxoxa xarnnara na na
orarnrnna xanxarya. oraa xnorr c nma a n uoxr no rxno s yma.
m na rrnx mcn cn axanro sanoua noncr na cxnosnan n saxocrnxan. Xoara,
xonro nxar rasn yxacna annocr, sanouar a c ncrannnar or cnuxo, samoro ncxar a ca s
]oma, s nnan n s osannx. oa oau onnr a c nsxra or annocrra na nanxrnxara. osn
onnr n mox a ycn, samoro nanxrnunoro csnann n mox a ynnmoxn roro cc cocrnnr cn
cnnn. ma camo nn nsxo axo uox nma cmnocr, rxa a nsyun cmnocrra na rasn nnoa, xaro
n saax xncrannsnamoro scrn na nnonnr cnnn, sa a nsmorn roro c nomomra na
Xncroara cnna.
xo cmnr xnora cn ncrnncxnx osnxon, n nnxora nxma a c cxr c mro nnn c nmo,
nanooxamo marnx. xo nxxo n noxax marnun mro nnn marnun nr, roraa ram osnxon n
cmcrya. nnoco]nxra, xaro ocnoa na nosnannro nn osnxonnr, xonxrna, a marnunnr
cronocrn ocraar acraxrnn. arnxra nannn, no rosn, xoro n onaroon sa roa, n n morn
a x cxan. cn roa marnxra n mox a c nayun, nnro a c onnm, nnro a c oxcnn. oraro nn
uox ns ooro nacro, ro mar, a marnxra crnn oran.
o axo nxxo noxna a oxcnn xaucrara na rosn oran na yr, nnocrn, xoro c om n ro
nnrxaa n n mox a ro nnrxaa, roraa snnxa onacnocr sa nro. xo nn nac o nxxo n
nonnra: ,axr, xax craa roa nnn onoa? n cnyua u cm ccroxnn a orroonm na noca,
rxa a ro nananm mnoro nnmarnno. uox n mox a nnrxaa rnnnara, axo n ,mnnan nn
roa ns norara.
axnxra nsnua rosn cxr na ncrnna. asn ncrnna nnrxaa nmo ]ynamnranno, xoro n
nosonxa rnxyannx. xo uox cxan rasn ]ynamnrannocr, roraa crnnara roroa a my c orxn
nscrnn rannnn. oraa yunnxr rxa a orroon no n c ymn, a c na! roa crn ro rxa
cam a crnrn o ncrnnara.
axo oau c cnyua onxnono? uoxr cnna n crnro, xama crnnara sa nnara nmna
xa, yxacxa x c nnrnrannn, ]omn n mron n naxax asanx camara xa. o rosn naunn crnnara
xaro annocr na rnnnara ocraa cxnra.
asn annocr onnx ornomnnro na osnxon xm sornunnr omcra. rsn omcra
nnarn c naxr onnrn sa nsmoran na nanxrnxara c nomom ra na marnx. cnuxn sornunn
omcra c oxar na marnunn ynaxnnnx n nayxn. osnxon, nanorn, aa na xcna ncraa
sa crnnara, xoxro c nnrnrna n nanxrnuno, a ynncanno, cmnno. oraa roa nsncxa or
yunnxa nonn, corrcramo na ]ynamnrannara cmnocr na rasn ncrnna. xxo mox a ocran na
]nnoco]cxo nno, samoro xna a x nnrxaa, no nxma a nsxn nro. sncxanro na Bxonara xm
yunnxa a ocmcrn crnnara cmcr oro cn m ro nnnyn nnn a nnm roa nsncxan, nnn a c
oranun. o rosn naunn ro nnxora nxma a nsmamn nnn
orxnonn no crannunn nrnma.
xo oomnm xasanoro o ryx, roraa m nnm ara nrx:
nnnx ]nnoco]nxra na Xnara ncrnna, xoxro nsncxa xonna, ]ynamnranna nomxna xnora. us
rasn nomxna ac c asna acroro.
N % ='%($)*4
yrnx ]anccroro na xnnxnnnnr n saxonnnnnr, nnnnnucroro sanya, nnn marnx n
ynaxnnnx.
N % %"#"4
XXIV

onnrara namnx xnor nsnno rnnana. a mnoro xoa rx cranana camo nanx. cunrar, u
axo nxma nonsa, ro nxma n a or nx. a yrn monnrara no mncrnuno crn, xoro c nsma c
nscrno craxonounrann n nmo, naano or noxonnn na noxonnn. nxo oau n nosnaa
nonca n ]axrnucxn n sna xaxo craa nnn xaxo n rxano a craa nn monnra.
orcranrnr c monxr mnoro. xxon nononnnn csaar ncrnncxn monnrnn xon, xonro oau
n nuarnxar ocono mnoro cnymarnnr, a no-cxoo rn xaar a cxyuaxr, yrn nx ca nxanno
monnonannn. sxnmunnxra or roa nanno ca manxo. nosnna c orxasar or monnrara, samoro nm c
crya scmncnna n nnrnxryanno sorroona.
osnxonnr cmo nosnaar monnrara. n rxx oau rx n crn, noono or mncrnuno
nnnn nnn or uycro sa craxonounrann, a om no-manxo or nanx nnn rannnx. ca cxcann
anxanno n aconmrno c cnuxn nannn. onnrara nn osnxonnr c ocnoaa xy nosnannro sa
nn csnarnn nonc. x ncranxa nn marnun so. cxxa monnra na uyra, no n raxa, xaxro
ouaxa mnoxara maca.
oraro n c monnr nnrnsnno, n mncnnr, xnar n cnnno c crmnr xm nmo. oa na axrn-
nocr na nnnx uomxn rnn rnrnnnx, synrar na xoro c csaa no ronn. oraro c monnr,
n cnnno xnar nmo c amnx ym, c amro uycro n us crmxa cn ro nnxar xm axrnnocr.
cnuxo roa csano c amara xna cmnocr n c sanuara or nonsncnara yma. oa roucxoro
Oiat, ,a , marnunara monnra.
osn nonc mox a anannsnan nannno nayuno. cno , u crcroro na amara monnra,
xaaxrr na amro xnann, amnr mornn, amara mnrannocr, ncnxnucxoro n ccroxnn, r.. nxnoro
am momnrno ccroxnn onnx synrara na amara monnra.
synrarr nmnnymo na, samoro amnxr marnun so nrn xaro cnna, xaro nannx, xaro roucxo
nncro, xm onacr, xoxro n corrcra no xaucro. onnrara nsnnua or rasn onacr cnnn,
corrcramn na synrara. xo uox c on xm or, Xncroc nnn rnx yx n rn nnso coxra
nncma nnmnrnnocr, noyn or roncrnunn xnannx, ro nnnnua roncrnunnr cnnn, samoro cam rn
nnsoan c unara marnx na coxra monnra. oraa ro nsnxa ora na coxra nnmnrnna ncraa n rosn
or orroax.
axa cxxa monnra na uyra, no orroor n nnarn corrcra na xnannxra n namnnxra n. n cr
nynnn a n mnr rasn una monnrna marnx us nosnarara sano: , cn csaar xarnnn,
nnro cannnx sa roa, xoro ro na nro, nnro sa roa, xoro oara, nnro sa roa, xoro no
smxra.
n roonm sa na monnrna nnamna, oasyama c nn monnrara. asn nnamna nna n
onrna corrcrn c rmnara cn cryxrya. ro samo monnrara nonxxora mnoro onacna, samoro
nasanara marnx c oma cmy ac. oraa n ucro nocrnrar nouaxanoro nnn nornononoxnoro
na roa, xoro ouaxar.
a naxrnxa ucro c nonyuaa raxa, u n camnr asanxr cnryannnr n ocnono sanmoornomnnxra,
csaaxn nnn snoxx. xoraro u n namnar nsxo or cnryannxra, xoxro camn cr
nnsnxann, sanouar a c monnr: ,ocnon, nomornn mn! on sxnnnannro: ,, ox! c oma
cmy ac, samoro or n cnyra na xnornncxara, nnmnrnna uomxa nnoa. oraa orroor
axnnx, corrcrama na sacnyxnara ornnara, n n nonyuaar ona nonnx. ra cnryno n xcno
samo rasn marnx nxnarnna.
n omam nnmannro n cmo n xm monnrnara marnx na nmoxaronnucxara nxa. nomomra na
monnrara c nocrnra n noxa nsxnmunrnno mnoro. uox c monn na nnono-nnrnosnnx or, na
ornara axnx, no n na ora na nnoxynnnx xnor n na roara axnx. snonsar c monnrnnnn
c nnncann monnrn, sa a na cxxa nna sasana sxara na nnono-nnrnosnnx or c rnnara.
a rasn nn c noxa nn nanron or crnn. cnuxn rsn monnrnn ]omn n naxrnxn nornxar uoxa
xm nnrnsnnn monnrn. us roa c nnsoaar ornnr nnoonnrnosnn orannsannn, xonro
noxar roronocr nxnoro crao.
a smm nannm monnrnr sa ymnnr n naxrnxara na monnrnnr norrura. sn monnrn
nuar nsnno mnoro na ymnnr, cnyua u r c onnrar a c ocooxr or xarxara na nxara.
amoro us nocroxnnnr monnrn caxamnrr na nomasan na noxonnnnr nnxcnaro c oxnxa.
mnnnnr nnarn nacuaar macnr a c monxr mnoro. roa ornomnn r o cn mar
aorara. yx craa noc sa noxan nncroro na nxara us marnxra na cnyxnr, caxamnrnr n
monnrnr. onxo nanxrnuna rasn marnx n xonxo mnoro c ynnxaa monnrara no rosn naunn, n rxano
a cran xcno na unrarnx.
n norcranrnr monnrara cmo nra axna onx. oan mnoroonnr cn runnx
norcranrcroro nxma orna axnx, nxma nnno corrcrn ornnx cxr n noxnno na
mnorouncnnnr ornn cnnn. nmoxaronnucxara nxa cmo c nxn rasn onacr n xn mnoro no-
ronmn ycnxn, orxonxoro mnosnna nsomo morar a cn ncraxr. nmoxaronnucxoro nnxnn c ycma n
ncmnx cnno.
mo sro, uox nnrxaa urnn nxmn cnnn sa noxan na coxra nanxrnuna, ronnrnuna
nnoa nmo, orarcro, nacr, cnaa.
o nornxan or ,nmo cxcyannnx cn xnor, nmo xm coxra aca, nnm, nao, cmcro, xm
cocrnara nnunocr, na, nmor n r.n.
rmxr xm orarcro nannm c nsasxa us xnannro a c nunxr mnoro nan sa ocnryxan
na crannnr, nncnxra, sa nsyuaan na asnnunn nayxn, xnannro a c nororn oraro m sa nara n
nsomo sa saoonxan na mnoroonnr xnannx.
Xnannro sa nacr c nsasxa crmxa xm cyrxaan, nsoman na cnxr, naunna na
nocrnran na nnnr, nnmsnxra a c nanan nmo nsxnmunrnno n r.n.
Xnannro sa cnaa n nscrnocr c nsasxa, mxy yroro, n crmxa sa nsman na ronmn na: -
rocro xaro roa na nac Xo] nnn nnxnm n; ncoxara cronocr, c xoxro c onnxar
onnnr nonsn, nannm nn nnacxnr onn; crmxa xm nocrnran na cnornn ornnunx n r.n.
onnrnnxr xnor na uoxa nannno crnacyan c rsn urnn nxmn cnnn. m roa rxa a c
nnan n nmacrnro nmno n rmno, xoro xaa uoxa a c monn sa roncrnunn nnn, xoraro c
namna nyxa.
a nannannx n asnam uox cnuxo roa nxma nnxaxa cronocr. o c monn sa yxonoro oo na
coro cmcro. roara monnra c ornax naro sa ooro na uoucroro n snnxa camoorxno,
a n or ronsm.
o c monn:
sa nmo, xoxro oxama cnuxn n cnuxo;
sa orarcro, sa a mox a cnyxn na ncrnnara us nnnorara na rmnoro nnrxann;
sa nacr, sa a mox a nomorn sa cnacnn na uoucroro;
sa cnaa, sa a nocnan ora na no cox xnor.
crnncxoro marnuno nnsoaan, monnrara na ncrnncxnx yunnx, csana cc saxona a n nsmona
nnmo sa c cn. oa sycnonara oranocr na oxnxra sano: ,cr no acroro ncno n
nroara cnannocr n cnuxo yro m n c a. oa aconmrnoro coraan cmno
on oxcrnoro oaucro.
cn roa yunnxr m as, u xaucroro n cnnara na monnrara my sancxr or rmnoro ccroxnn
na csnannro, ymara n rxnoro. aroa ro m xn Xnora c cnuxara cnna, xoxro nnrxaa.
XXV

rasn nnocnna rnaa nn xnam a oxcnnm ornomnnro nn xm nnnxra.

a osnxonnr nnnxra nn xomnnnym sa xnora. nacnucxnr osnxonn cnrncrar
PonQessio Oraternitatis R4P4 FS%$0T" ='%($)*%$(" @$""G: ,a-nnsxn n na-noonn na nac
ca onsn, xonro smar rasn nncrna no oa cn xnnra xaro mnno n xoono nauano sa xnora, xaro
ocnoa na nscnannxra cn n x nmar nronrn sa nxnoro uoucro.
a nac nnnxra ncranrn na Vnncannoro yunn. aroa namnr xamo roro ncann
cron nnarn orono. nnnxra ncranxa nn or yxonnr ]oxycn namnr xamo. asanoro
oryx ocraruno, sa a noxax xonxo nnna rasn xnnra sa nac.
o no-o no a norcnm orroo na noca: a xaxo c ocnoaa rasn noxa nounr?
osn noc axryann, samoro n nc mnoro xoa nxa xnann a asar nnnxra, no n morar noan
asnnunn nnunnn: noan cmnocrra n nnxnnro na cmnnara ncronxo-marnanncrnucxa xnrnxa,
noan xaoca mncnnr n uycrara na xamnr, nonsrnuam or nasnanro n noasymnnxra nn
urnro na nnnxra; cmo raxa n saan nonnro na ronosnr, xaxro n noan ocaxarxannxra, xonro
ca nrnnn mro onrnnannnr rxcro na nnnxra.
cn roa xoara ca oxann or nournoro yrn cmnn nncannx, mncnxn, u ornnn nacaxn or
nnnxra ca srn or rxx.
nosnncroro sarynno xonraxra cn c nnnxra n noan nonnro na ronosnr, xonro nrnnar,
u x nosnaar n asnar, n saroa cn nosonxar on a x nnrnrnar. onorr nan saxnmunnro: ,s
mora a ura nnnxra onrnnan, a ronornxra na axamnuna nayxa. rsn arymnrn ronosnr
ocnoaar nrnnnnr cn xaro aronrrn rnxyanro na nnnxra.
o xnrnxara nacouna rouno xm ronornxra, xm raxa naunara nncxa nayxa. no-ronxmara cn
uacr xnrnxara n csanoro c nx orxnxn na ronornxra nannno nannna. oa mnnn c cnonx n
or camnr ronornunn xro. aroa cmcryar ronxoa mnoro ronornunn runnx n nacoxn, xonro
omar nomxy cn na xnor n cmr. aroa nnarn cmcrya n na ,mona ronornx, xoxro c
sannmaa c ,non, ,monn acnxrn.
ra ocono nonynxna ronornxra na mnacxnx no]eco an ar. s nocnnnr ronnn
omcroro m raxa sanaxno or ronornunn cnoo, u xoara saanxa camnx xnor. xara c
nmam c nou nxa sa cmnnnnr, a n sa naoa. onacroxmm crana smoxno
cmnnucxara nxa nscrna crnn a nyrannsnana n ornoo a cran naona. ocnoara na
cnuxo roa nxonnxr or, xoro nnosnar, n nnnxra, xoxro cmo nnosnara. nomnr ronosn,
xonro sanouar a asnar, u rxxnoro nnxnn xy naoa namanxa, ynnamnn or
nsa na cnonnoro m: ,ony macxnr, rocnoa!, cmo yuacrar roa naunnann. o onnrr c
oxasa nanasn n camo no orcouan na macxnanro.
o nnnnnarna na no]co ar ronosnr or ronnn c sannmaar c raxa naunara nanxrnuna
ronornx, xnona or ]nnoco]nxra na Xrn, xaxro n c ]axra, u cnuxo na rosn cxr nonacrno na
saxona sa snnxan, asnr n ynax. aroa roonm n sa nanxrnun noxx.
nomnarara nanxrnuna ronornx c asna na cranonmro, u sancnmocr or ocroxrncrara
nnrr na rxcrra rxa a nmcrn xy yrn acnxrn na ronornxra, sa a c nocrnrn sxa
cc corrnara naona ncnxnxa. yrn ymn, na xoara nc noxonm nn noox, yr nn
cmnnx, yrnn na cnyxa nmro na or, na cnamnx n samanro na Xncroc n r.n. axro
xasa ronornxra, uox rxa a c naraxa nnrnnrnrno xm nsncxannxra na ncnxonornucxara cnryannx.
axro cnnnnr na rxmoro c xonno c namnar ry ro, ry ony, raxa n ronornxra na ocona
nsmama. aroa nn nannunro na ronxoa mnoro ]anm n nncrnnnocr crcrno a nocna cnnno
ornuan.
n cm na mnnn, u nn ronor n mox a ocrnrn o cmnocrra na nnnxra us coxra
axamnunocr. asna c, nonxxora c cnyua nxxo nocrn n n Vnncannoro yunn a
cmmnno n ronor nnn a c nanara a c ncran xaro rax, raxa a c xax xaro ,mncnon mxy
snunnnnr.
smoxno nn ronor a cmo n mncrnx, ncrnncxn xam, ncrnncxn snnmam n nan uox,
xoro or nxnoro cn cn c nocmaa na xoara. cmnnn n craxonounrann ro cron n cox or,
nsnoxaxn xara cn c nxnoro cn cn, no xana cmrxa ro nn nasnam, camo nn cnyxm. a
coxra ryna ro nacrn c ronno cn, no xaro ronor ro nxma nn na-manxa cronocr. aro moxamannn,
xaro xaaxyx, nnn xaro martocnnx na nnm, ro mm a cmnxr camo nn o nacrn.
Xncroc xasa: ,n rxa a onuar or, amnx ocno c nxnoro cn cn n c nnnx cn ym. o ,ym
xoara mox n cn mncnxr, u craa noc sa mncnonnx xanannrr na nonornunnx uox, sa axamnunara
onranocr, sa nnnxnonnunnr snannx. au rouno roa cnaoro mxcro. rosn rnnnr na asyma
nman nn Xncroc.
ox n n noxonmo no-noono a nsxcnxam mnnnro nn no rosn noc. o ornomnn na
nnnxra n xncrnxncroro nnxo yunnx n n c nonnxn or ronornunn nnn nxonn nnrnrannn.
nxn u nnnxra n ocono ranxr ar ca o nnm sa nsxnmunrnnara a]nnnanocr, c xoxro
ns cnuxn mna rmnnr cnnn ca cmcann, ]anmn]nnnann n snoynorxann c snmnnr
oxcrnn mocrn, osnxonnr yuar, u rasn xnnra, xaro nocrama cnnnx na mocrra,
norxnn na Vnncannoro yunn. nnnxra n Vnncannoro yunn, no rx cnrncra sa rasn
xna oxcrna ncrnna.
S%$0T" ='%($)*%$(" @$"" c xasa, u Vnncannoro yunn cnxsno na smxra sa-
no c am nn nrooro nann. oa nacoua xm cnacnrnnara oxcrna cnna, nsxxama c xaro
rnx yx. s cnuxn mna rnxr yx c nsxxa cmnnr nncannx no asnnun naunn.
mnnr nncannx ca xara na crnnara. ca nn nanxrnun noax sa nananoro uoucro n rxx
nn c nsxxa rnxr yx. uox mox a non rasn xa no csmoxnn naunnn, n rouno roa
cranano. mcrnoro, roa, xoro xara orma, nocramo, n sa roa craa noc. uoxr cmo
raxa mox a nananar nmnara cn ]oma, no roa, xoro yxono nnrxaa n nsnua,
nnnxocnono.
ra yunnxr mox a orxn omoro cmnnr nncannx. cnuxn xnnrn na mocrra c oxasa
norcnnnxr mro na nsxa. aroa asnnunnr nncannx nma mnoro corrcrnx, no n mnoro asnnunx,
xonro c oxcnxar c asnrnro na nsxara. ncnmnr xoa nnarn m c coasxar c rosn ]axr.
snxno nacounnxr xm nanxrnxara uox nnsxno m non, nsmamn or nanxrnunnr,
nmnnr ]omn na xnnnxra. aroa nnnxra nnxora n nna ocrnna sa mnoxnr macn. on n
n]anmn]nnnana, rx m ocran nnonxrna sa onsn, xonro n ca ysnn a x asar. a rxx D'9 ocraa
saynna. n ]anmn]nnnanara nnnx nocncrnxra ca om no-nomn.
nnnxra mox a c asrnxa n xaro xnnra na uomxara xynrya, xaxro cxxa yra nnrcna xnnra,
xaro oasn na nsxycroro nnn nayxara n a cnyxn sa ocnoa na ana xynrya, no roa n osnauaa, u
raxaa ocnoa nnrxaa cnacnrnnn, ocooxaamn acnxrn. aroa nn cm aconmrno norn
onxnonnx naunn na nonsan na nnnxra n nn cnuxo na nonynxnoro n nsyuaan nxxon sornunn
xro, xro cxn c onnra a nnoaa n a oxasa xaxoro cn ncxa.
amo yxonara mxona uox mox a c nayun a asna nnnxra. oa smoxno sa rsn, xonro ca
nonyunnn yxono oyunn, r.. sa rsn, xonro ca ,yunn or yxa. oa oyunn mox a nnro camo
na ocnoara na aconmrnara, orroaxma na nomnr na yxonara mxona, nomxna na xnora. n roa
cxxaxo nocnnucro mxy or n uox nsxnmuno. oa osnauaa s nocnnucroro na
nxonara
axnx, na cmnnucroro. amo roraa uox mox a c onnxn o Xnara ncrnna. uax roraa sna
c asyna. oraa, xaro samx na crmxa xm nosnann, nnnxra m cran ccro, ]oxyc sa
nnnnxaan xm crnnara.
rnxr yx n c nsxxa camo roro ncann. o nsnama n cnyxnrnnr cn, xonro cyxar uoxa
no nn snnun naunn, sa a mox ro a c nororn a ur roro ncann nsancnm,
nocrnnnro na nnoccrnoro nosnann.
XXVI

raxa, crnrnaxm o saxnmunrnnnx nrn. nxn u rasn xnnra n nrnna sa nsunarnnocr,
samoro nxm mornn a nonxnm om nro c nsnoxnnxra no asnnunn rmn na cmnnara
Vnncanna ]nnoco]nx, nn nacounxm nnmannro n xy na-axnnr acnxrn. nxm ncxann a
nocrnm namnx nocnn nrn xy osnxoncroro n a n csam ncraa sa roa xaxo
ncranxa ro, xm xaxo c crmn n xaxa nocr asna.
n cnuxo nn roonm sa cmnna ]nnoco]nx, samoro naroann na nocrra na cmnnoro
osnxoncro a cra mox orroono a c roon sa ncrnncxa, ynncanna, rnocrnuna ]nnoco]nx.
xam a c nsmn cnosna nomxna, xoxro a cra xm cox samx. asn nomxna sanouna ns
1935 r. cn na crronmna nororoxa. s 1945 r. moxaxm a xaxm, u noro u nnmo. rroraa
smoxnocrra sa asnocrannn na rasn nuncrna Vnncanna ]nnoco]nx no cra crana c no-ronxma.
axa ns arycr 1964 r. ronxmoro no m samno, xoro ncranxa nn nno or nnnnsnrnno
urnncr ronnn.
ra n c sanosnaar c osnxonnr, xoraro r snamxar a nsmar na yxona onmnnx, -
xoxro nacouna nnmno nar, a nocn, c runn na ronnnr c oma c c no-naacrama cnna
nan.
amo m noxonma raxaa onmnnx r aornoro non na osnxon? nunnnr sa rasn o-
nmnnx ca csann c ]ynamnrannnr saxonn na ncrnncxoro coono snacro, cc saxonnr na nacxoro
nsxycro. na ocooxaama n nuncrama nx n mox roxy-raxa a cnycnara na cra. x rxa
a nxoxana or nnrnsnn nonc na nororoxa, sa a mox c noxara cn nxra a ocmcrn
nnoccrna xna sxa c nscrna ryna xoa n us rxx a scra xy nxnoro uoucro.
noarnno ryx craa noc sa roa: ,ocno a nosnar, xoraro c noxn!
o nnara rxa o a c nso n nororn, a cn roa a nnm cmro. cxxa nx n c
nsnanna n nsusnana, s a ocmcrn xaxoro n a scrn, axo n c sm no nnmann saxonr sa
nororxmara c xna sxa. a a c crnrn o xrara, rxa no a c sanrnar xan n a c
cmn rxxara, a nonxxora n mcna aora. oa nanomnx na nncara na uans . nn A03" (#>.
oxaro ncoxoyaxamnxr nncxon na anxamn, nasnnuno aco, roon ncoxonann rnynocrn,
ncrnncxnxr aornnx cnnsa c xoara.
u or ronnn arcroro na narnnx osnxon c sannmaa c nororoxara na na noa crona
nnnnnarna, na ocnoara na ronocounnx saxon. nn rax nmnync n mox a asxnr roxy-raxa, a
rxa, xaxro u xasaxm, a nma csann ocraruno xnn sxn c uoucroro, xoraro mro sa
roa nacrnn.
mro sa rasn nnnnnarna u nasxno n nnara roroa. o 1875 r. no ocnoarnnn nnunnn
arcroro m nocranno nnnnnarnara na
roco]cxara orannsannx n na coonnr snan. mro sa camocroxrnna nsxa na osnxonnr
c om n m nacrnnno. rr n uoucroro rxam a crnrnar no o no onnno
ccroxnn, nn Vnncannnr mncrnn a morar a nsnnnxr saaunr cn.
oraro ns 1925 r. ronxmoro norornrnno no sanouna, crynnnnr saanxa no aorno non,
xoro, crcrno, m nonnxno or sornunnr cncrmn na ancxoro uoucro or na nnx. a
ana cmcryaxa so sornunn rynn, no no cmcro cnuxo roa m ,ora. axro n a c
nanuaxa: roco]n, cy]n, anronoco]n n osnxonn cnuxn sornunn rynn, s nsxnmunn,
craarnno c ynaxnxaxa mronr na ora. sn rynn moxxa n s yro a c onnxr. o sa
xncrnxncro n yma n moxm a craa, a om no-manxo sa osnxoncro.
nxnonnr ora mron c xonnnrnar nsxnmunrnno xy nanxrnunara nnunocr. ca nsnxno
sancnmn or nx. n nouraam, u r nnxora n ca orroaxnn na ncrnncxnr namnnx na yxonnr
xoonrnn na uoucroro.
synrar or naxrnxyanro na ora n no scrnro na ornnx cxr c csaoxa oxynrnn
mxonn, xonro asnxa nscrna nocr, no r nxmar nnmo omo c ncrnncxara yxona mxona, c
Xncroara axnx.
a nac ucr, u moxm a rnm, u nn n nnnanxnm, n ncxam n n moxm a nnnanxnm xm
nnxox or rsn oxynrnn mxonn, samoro narnnx osnxon craa noc sa ccm yro asnrn.
ora mronr c xonnnrnar, xaxro u xasaxm, xy nanxrnunara nnunocr. scrar xy:
marnannororxno us asnnunn ]omn na
acxrnsm
rnoro rxno us xra n xnsnr c rmna
cxnnx;
acrannoro rxno us mycxynnr, xomanann or
rrarnnara nna cncrma n
na rnauno-mosunara cncrma;
mncnonoro rxno us ynaxnnnx sa
xonnnrannx, xonro nnxxr
noornno na r mosunn
nonyxna, a raxa cmo n na
manxnx mosx n na cnnunx
cnnnr.
us raxna rnnoxn, xonro morar a c asnxr na a rnann mroa: na naacnmnarnxo, nnn
roco]cxn, mro n na cnmnarnxo, nnn anronoco]cxn, mro, snnxa onnno csnann
nanxrnunara ornanna c]a n xonraxr c raxa naunnr oxynrnn mxonn.
ax rnnnr, naun nnannno ,asnrn, ucro mnoro onacn n rxa aconmrno a c nsxra,
samoro:
a) c nonyuaa cnnna sxa c nanxrnunara nnunocr, r xaro rx, raxa nnn nnau, ocnoara sa no-ncmnr
cnoconocrn. ncrnro or roa no-saa sxa c xamnunoro xonno.
) nn ora mronr nnnnnnno n cmcrya asnnxa mxy nosnrnno n nrarnno n raxa mnnnonn nar
noxrann n nonxaar a craar xra na rsn mron.
) roa, xoro nanuam ,una marnx, on nauanoro cn nnoccrno or rsn mron.
ra nn m oxaxm rsn rnnx:
a) xo sa nocrnranro na ana nn na oxynrno nno uox c nyxa or onnn oran, roraa ro ns
nnnx cn xnor ocraa csan c nro. o nnnyn nnn a sarnn, nnn a c onnra a xynrnna rosn
oran, xoro osnauaa a ,nncnocon nnr n x sa unocrra. aroa orncxnr mxonn
asnocranxar yunnro sa onmnnxra na nanxrnxara. rxa a ro naxr!
) xo nxxo nnnara orncxn mron, nsancnmo xox sornuna onacr, n c oxax, u cna,
nron nnn cryxryno nnoxoxm, ro na orcrann or corrnara mxona. o roraa ro n mox
a c n xm nnmnoro cn ,anocn n ocraa c no nacncro: nannm c nonyasnra
xnno]nsa nnn cc cmymnnx mnronnara xnsa nnn cnnuoro cnnnran, xonro u n
nnnanxar xm cnmnarnxoara nna cncrma. oa osnauaa, u ro ]ocnan nnoara na
nanxrnunoro cn cmcro. nnxr nrarnn oxynrnsm cncrn or roa ccroxnn. xaro
sacrnarnr orann ca uacr or orannr sa asmnoxaan, rsn nrarnnn nocnnnn c nacnxar o
urro noxonnn. ocnannr orann nnnanxar n xm orannr, xonronnamn na-axnnr
]ynxnnonannn noncn n raxa c nnunnxar mnoro oncrn, nn cnuxo asnnunn ]omn na nyocr n
cxnonnocr xm camoyncro. sn oncrn cmo c nacnxar or noxonnnxra. s cmnnn mnoro
xoa c nacnomn ca nonyunnn ronmn n or rasn sornuna rnxxa.
) cno mncnmnxr uox rxa a as, u nnoor na oro na xnora n morar a c nsnonsar sa
oo n nomo. oa nsmoxno. axrnnoro non na oro na xnora nnmo n c noxa
nxnn us nornononoxnocrn. oraro nmo c nau ,xno, roraa craa noc sa nno or oro
na nosnannro na oo n sno n roraa nmnnymo m nannn n ,unoro. ,unoro c nnsnxa
or ,xnoro. aroa onxnonara ,xna marnx na nanxrnunoro xnsnno non saxonomno c xxa
maxa na ,unara marnx.
xo mornnr na nn yunnx or raxa naunnr nn ora mxonn c namnar no nomnr, nocrann
or rxx, ro na orcrann. o ro u nrnxn nscrno asnrn n nayunn nxxon rann. onx
nn ornn rnn, noan ronsma cn, ro sanoua a cra camocroxrnno. axa c axa unara marnx n
rx namna orara noua.
rarnnara marnx cncrn or rnynocr nnn cnaocr. unara marnx cncrn or xoacro, xoro c
noxxa sornuno. axa naunara ,xna marnx cnyxn sa noxan na nanxrnxara n noan roa
rx na-ronmnxr ar na uoucroro.
oraro sanounaxm namara aora ns 1925 r., nn saanxm no osnxoncxo nxnn, xoro ocn
nmro, nxmam nnmo omo c osnxoncroro. Vnorxaxa c nsxnmunrnno camo ora mron cc
corrnnr nocnnnn. nxnnro m nnno c nrarnnn oxynrncrn, xonro n xxa ccroxnn a c
asnar nan n xxa mnoro onnn. mam n mnosnna aconmrno ,unoxnamn, xonro nannsaxa
nacxx. mam c nax nxxonxo cnosnn, xonro, onn no xnn
nrnma, xxa noann ncrnncxoro cn nacncrno nao sa nxxaxo mnnmo macrn. nryannxra m
nsnno amarnuna. cn roa saanxm yxacn orannsannonn n ]nnoco]cxn xaoc. rasn cnryannx
rxam a ar nocrann ocnonr na nooro no.
o asnnunn nnunnn xnm a oxcnnm, u anu n cnuxo, xoro c xnun c nmro osnxon,
crnrnno osnxon ynncannnx, rnocrnun cmncn na ymara.
mxram, u nannno smoxno cmcryanro na ora mxona, xoxro c ncrax no nmro
osnxon, xaxro n nn nmoxaronnucxn on, xoro nocn cmoro nm.
n c omam xm ac or nmro na 7$""" C"! ='%($)* n n cram a nnmaar sa
nroara ]nnoco]cxa n ynncanna cnrnarya. nomom nxa n nocnyxn cnnoro:
mnnnxr mro na narnnx osnxon, xoro cmnn camo naxrnucxnx cmncn na ymara,
aconmrno noon na rosn na xaranr, mannxnr n na na na nxa (Siddha). a no mxcro roa
mox a c nosna no ]axra, u ro nnxax cnyua n mox a on rnna or nomn, nrarnnn, onnn n
cnan xoa. namro aorno non nn nosnaam xoa, xonro crnrnno xr no rx, n r nancrnna
ycnxar. cn roa, nosnaam n xoa, xonro n xr no rx, no nnxo cnyua n nar sacrnarn nnn
no nxxax naunn ynn or mroa, xoro c nnnara namara mxona.
coxra mronxa narnnxr osnxon n c oma xm nnro nn acnxr na nanxrnunara nnunocr. r
nnnarannr mron n c xynrnna nnro nn oran n saroa n mox a non nnn ocran na
nonsona na cara. amnr mron n c ccroxr n ynaxnnnx. n c ocnoaar na xynryara na
nanxrnxara, samoro nn snam, u ,nnr n x n morar a nacnxr acroro ncno.
mnno noan roa osnxoncroro c crmn a o yunnxa o asxna c nanxrnunara
nnunocr. n roa ro m nnmaa n m c nasn or nasymnocrra a nun na rosn nonc c xaxoro n
a xynrnnan.
osn mro mox a c onnm naxarxo, xaxro cna:
nrannoro yxono xo na uoxa, monaara, csano c na nnunocr, xoxro n nnna
oxcrnnx nnan. onauannnr nooasn na yxa, ymara n rxnoro cmcryar camo narnrno
ccroxnn. o ]nnoco]cxo-xncrnxncxn naunn yunnxa na cyna nxra sa ncrnncxnx oxcrn
uox. oa ]nnoco]cxo xmnn c csa c nacnomna n roraa yunnxr sna: EU Leo nas.imur r
ora onn.
oraa yunnxr na nsnan n no nonn, ocnoara na xoro raxa naunoro ccroxnn ,
ora sanannn, n ro raxa, cxxam nanxrnunoro my cmcro u ncrnncxoro oxcrno ronn. o
rosn naunn yunnxr mornnan a nsxn nnuno ymnr na anocron an: , u u cm ro nocrnrnan
n u cm cmn, as oau c crmx xm roa n xnax a ro nocrnrna. us raxoa no nonn n c
xynrnna nanxrnunara nnunocr. ornua nnrnsnno ron, asymaan na mnnara nnunocr nonsa
na raxa xnanoro sxcnn na oxcrnnx uox. oa cnuxo sa yunnxa. ra ro mox a norn c
yxnn: Vn Wesu morimur ncyc ymnn.
roa csnarnno, ooonno ymnan na smnara, nxona nnunocr narnrnoro ncno rxno sanoua a
acr n a oxnxa, nn xoro yunnxr nocrnra nnoccrno nosnann sa crnnara: ,oxnro nacro
r ac. oa snann n rosn onnr xaar yunnxa a cnrncra c noxa naroanocr: ,er +piritum
+an.tum revivis.imus us rnx yx nooonn.
a rosn ran yunnxr crnrnno nnrxaa nnunocrn, xonro nonca, naun ,]ynamnranna
nomxna, ca csann na c yra.
oraro us rosn nonc c nocrnrn sxara, nrannnxr yx, monaara, sanoua us nn ron nonc,
rn cmonn xra, a asymaa sxara c nanxrnunara nnunocr n a nnacx csnannro xy
ncnnx uox. axa nanxrnunnxr uox nocrnnno ymna. axax ocraa camo ncnnxr uox.
oraro mnxoxocmoca ncnnxr oas cran nnm, cmrra nnnnnnno nona. rnaanro na
nanxrnunara nnunocr us cmrra nmo roocrnnno. nanxrnunoro naxan u n smoxno.
xnara rouxa rosn mro roa, u uoxr craa scmrn. o nnrxaa ornoo nn ncrnncxn yx,
na ncrnncxa yma n no ncrnncxo rxno. o mox a c nsxxa cnuxn onacrn na marnxra n yxa.
o nannsa or na Xncroara axnx xaro crynnx, xaro snarn osnxon.
axa noara a na nsana ryna or uoucroro m ocoona. asnxnro m c ocmcrn.
n roa arxra na narnnx osnxon m ar xaro xran. s cnuxn mna rosn nonc c
asnocranxa or Vnncannoro yunn n mox a orxnr cmo n nnnxra. axax nxm xnann a
samnm c nnrar or yxonnx sar na xnacnucxnr osnxonn:
,n c naxam n monnm, u n nnmarnno m asmncnnr xy namro nnoxnn, u m c
sanosnar n m nscnar no-ornnso namro nsxycro.

n an axnor nconnm na cmnnnx osnxon n xmrnun rnocrnx n n. ocounnr
onnnnx nannno xaaxrnsnar nnnx my xnor.
on ns 1896 r. Xaanm cmcro c xncrnxncxn rannnn, om xaro mnax ro sanouno
nsyuaa cnuxo, csano c nnrnxra, no nn cnuxo rcn nxnocrnoro nnnoxnn na xara
cxnnnnx xnor. ro samo c ncrannna or noxnocrnoro xncrnxncro n or mnrannara ronornx, na
xonro nm nnnca nounna. oan cnnno nsasnoro cn uycro sa cnannocr ro cnmnarnsna na
saaxamoro c aornnucxo nxnn, xoro namna cnnn orsyx no m na nroara mnaocr. roa
asmnno m no]. - . X. Xaror (1869-1938) nnnn nxnr cc coxra =%": "%3!. n
n cmo ro cnyma c yooncrn. r no]. - Xaror ro asna snaunnro na ymnr or ocnannro
na anocron an xm nmnxnnr 12:1, xro c xasa: ,D "#)E &! E @$"!E 2$9 78"% &"E 9
2$%9""% "%" 8%$" 8E !"E @3039 73E (" <% 901 08%%4X
n n n nronxr ar n n, n amara ornnn rcaun, nocrnnno ocsnaar nannnara nocoxa,
xoxro rxa a nomar, sa a saoonxr cnnnnx cn xonnx no ncrnncxara crnrnnocr. a 24 arycr 1924 r. r
nocraxr nara, maxa n cxomna ocnoa na ncrnncxara yxona craa na ocooxnnro sa nooro m
craara +an.ti +piritus4 xnonn or mann]crnr na xnacnucxnr osnxonn, ocnoaar ncrnnara
mxona na osnxonnr xaro na na ]asa. n n nocmaa nrancxara nnnorxa onon, sa a
nonyun ocrn o onrnnannnr nncmnn nsrounnnn, ,(" %:% " "%"! % &$1 "' @@"%(E
"( :% %:% () % % "%$%0<% " "!1Y. s xnyan 1937 r. nsnnsar nronr non na xonancxn
snx na C#" ='%($)*%$(" @$"", S%$0T" ='%($)*%$(" @$"" n H1&:"
"@ I$"! ='%($)*, nynnxyann nn rom no sarnan /01!" '%" $9%
$'%($)*%$"%. o rosn naunn ro nscrxa ,nnra, cmnocrra n saaunr na ncrnnara mxona, xaxro
rnacn sarnanara crannna na noro nsann. a nro axno a nsrxn noxonmocrra or roa, u nnrr
na rxcrra xnora rxa a c nmcrn xy asnrnro na ymara, raxa u us nooaxan rx a mox
a cmn oxnx yx.
a a oxcnn xonxoro c mox no-asnocranno osnxoncxnx nan, ro nsnonsa n ryor na
nmcxnx ]nnoco] xo tom, na xnracxnx mn ao s n na cnnsncxnx nor oxanc B]n (1624
1677),
nscrn xaro nrnyc nnsnyc. xxon crnxo na nrnyc nnsnyc, nnrnann ucro n or no]. -
Xaror, csaar ocnoara sa asnrnro na no ccm noo ranc]nryncrnuno-rnocrnuno yunn sa
cmnnocrra. n roara crona ona n n nnm om no nmro /8 N (John Twine). o-
xcno ro nsna nconnma Z =)(%@$3 xaro cnmon na rnocrnunoro orarcro, xoro ro rxam
a na na conr yunnnn n na nnrcyamnr c cnymarnn.
cnuxnr cn ryo ro nan sxa c rnocrnunn acnxrn yrn nonsnnx or cronara
nnrarya. axa ro nocoua mnoro onnnn rouxn c xmrnsma, c nnnxra n nn cnuxo c ann]crnr
na xnacnucxnr osnxonn. mo raxa ro anannsna srnnr n mncnnr na aanns, omncxn n
or n. nxn u ornua ncronucxnx nxon Xncroc, nroara Bxona m n uncro
xncronnrnuna, r.. rx c ocnoaa aconmrno na Vnncannara Xncroa cnna n nnara cnonnxama
nocr.
n an axnor ocrax xnnxn cn, unro nnr cron rnocrnunoro yunn sa cnacnnro. s
1935-36 r. ro nsaa cmnunoro cnncann H($0, xoro asymaa mnoro ,cmnn omo n onnca -
namnr cnrnx. us mcunoro cnncann ='%($)* ro nacoua nnmannro xm acrxmara Bxona.
crr sanr cra. sornunoro mcuno cnncann ?$)#3#!" (&#( FLe [oekst%enG ro
oxcnxa ocnoara, xy xoxro rxa a snnxn noro, onoxamo yxa, ymara n rxnoro. n
nroara cmr ns 1968 r. nmro na cnncannro 6%9!" (&#( " "$%8 FLe \opsteenG (19691987)
onocrn nauanoro na ,xrnnx nno. noro or nronr oxcnnnx n cn ca sanncann oxono
urnncr xnnrn, nynnxyann osnxoncxnr nuarnn nsannx Xaanm.
ncrnnara mxona na osara n cra nacna nrnannonanna mxona na narnnx osnxon,
xoxro cra aorn nnnx cxr n 36 crann u nma 175 nnn ncranrncra.
o, xoro cox oocnoan onrnmnsm nnarn nnxam mro, xasa ns 1968 r., xax na
xnora cn] ^9!& %E :% &!" 8" 02! 9 %% %9 % 09$ 2 8%8%" 8%!'
S%:""4