Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

Sales Organization : Responsible for: Distribution of goods and services Negotiating Sales Conditions Product Liability and rights of recourse A sales organization is uniquely assigned to a company code Master data s are separately maintained for a sales organization All items in the Sales and Distribution document belong to a sales organization

Distribution Channel: Means through !hich products and services reach the customer A distribution channel: Defines responsibilities "elps in achieve fle#ible pricing Differentiate Sales statistics Division: A division is used to group products and services$ A division represents a product line$

Sales Area: A Sales area is a combination of Sales organization Distribution Channel Division %ach Sales and distribution document is assigned e#actly to one sales area$ A sales area can belong to only one company code$

Sales &rganization Distribution Channel Division Sales Area

Plant and Storage Location:

Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

A Plant is a location !here stoc' is maintained Plant and storage location are used by all logistic area of ()* System A Plant is uniquely assigned to a company code

Shipping point: Shipping point is the highest level of organizational unit in shipping %ach outbound delivery is processed by one shipping point Shipping points are assigned to a plant More than one shipping point can be assigned to a plant

Sales and Distribution is SAP begins !ith establishing customer relationship and ends !ith invoicing for the delivery of goods or service provided to the customer $ A Standard sales transaction has the follo!ing flo!+ Inquir !uotation Order Deliver "illing ,he customer order management cycle begins !ith pre-sales activities$ A standard order in SAP contains: Customer and material info Pricing conditions Delivery dates and quantities Shipping info .illing /nfo

Inventor sourcing in SAP is ta#en care b Availability chec'

Shipping in SAP supports &utbound delivery creation Pic'ing Pac'ing Post 0oods /ssue

Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

"illing in SAP supports Creating invoices for products and services Creating credit and debit memo Cancel previously posted billing documents Automatically transferring billing documents to accounting

1hen a billing document is created for a sales order !e Credit the sales revenue account Debit the customer receivables account

Sales Docu$ent A sales document is grouped into three structures "eader /tem Schedule Line

Outbound deliver A delivery document is grouped into t!o structures "eader /tem

Several orders can be grouped into same outbound delivery if they have same Pic#ing A transfer order is created for an outbound delivery A transfer order is created for a !arehouse number Shipping point Delivery date Ship-to- address

Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

Post %oods Issue 1hen P0/ is done the system "illing 1e can group deliveries into single billing document if the deliveries have same .illing date Payer Destination Country 2pdates the quantity in inventory management and delivery requirements in materials planning 0enerates additional documents for accounting Adds the delivery to the billing due list 2pdates status in sales documents

,he effects of billing are Debit on the customer receivables account and credit on sales revenue account is created Sales information system Sales statistics is updated

&aster data in SAP SAP SD has got the follo!ing main masters+ Customer master Material master Condition master &utput master Customer material information master Custo$er $aster

Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

%eneral Data ,ab pages Address Control data Payment terms Mar'eting 2nloading points %#port data Contact persons

Sales Area Data ,ab pages &rder Shipping .illing Partner functions

Co$pan Code data ,ab pages Accounting Payment Correspondence /nsurance

,he chart above sho!s detail on three main areas of customer master and the tab pages found under each area$ &aterial &aster is maintained in different vie!s and important vie!s of sales and distribution are .asic data 3 Sales &rg 3 Sales &rg 4 Sales + 0en)Plant 5oreign ,rade Sales te#t

Sales docu$ent in Sales and distribution $ainl controls: Number range /tem No increment (eference mandatory /tem division (ead info record

Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

Document pricing procedure /ncomplete messages Alternative sales documents Delivery bloc' .illing bloc' /mmediate delivery Delivery type .illing type Proposed delivery date Lead time for delivery Proposed pricing date

Plant deter$ination in Sales and distribution: ,o determine the plant in an order the system chec's the master in the follo!ing order+ a6 Customer material info$ record of the sold-to 7party b6 Customer master record of the ship-to-party c6 Material master record of the material

Shipping point deter$ination ,he follo!ing rule is used in determining shipping point in a sales order + Plant 8 Shipping condition 9Sold-to-Party6 8 Loading group Shipping point

Maintained in Material master 0en+ Plant data Route deter$ination (oute determined using the follo!ing rule in Sales and Distribution 9SAP6 Departure 'one of Shipping Point ( Shipping condition )Sold*to*Part + (

Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

,ransportation %roup )&aterial $aster+ ( ,ransportation 'one )Ship*to*Part + Route Deliver scheduling: As name denotes delivery scheduling is scheduling delivery for an order and it carries the follo!ing important dates+ Material availability date ,ransportation planning date Loading date 0oods /ssue date Delivery date

Availabilit Chec# in SAP: Availability chec' is carried out at item level for a plant Availability chec' is done on the material availability date /f material availability date is in the past the for!ard scheduling is done: if not bac'!ard scheduling is done$

Ite$ categor deter$ination in the order: /tem category denotes the category to !hich the item belongs and the follo!ing rule is used for determination of item category$ /tem category controls the !ay in !hich item behaves in a sales document$ Sales docu$ent t pe ( Ite$ categor group )&aterial $aster+ ( Ite$ usage ( Ite$ categor of higher level ite$

Ite$ categor of the ite$

Ite$ categor in a sales docu$ent $ainl controls the follo-ing

Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

(elevance for billing of an item .illing bloc' Pricing relevance .usiness data relevance item Schedule line allo!ed /tem relevant for delivery (eturns Determine cost Credit active /ncompletion procedure Partner determination procedure Structure scope 9relevant for bill of material e#plosion6 ;alue contract material Contract release control

Schedule line categor : %very item !hich has a delivery !ill have a schedule line and the schedule line category is determined !ith the follo!ing rule+ /tem category 8 M(P type9Material Master6 Schedule line categor $ainl controls: Delivery .loc' Movement type /tem relevant for delivery (eq)Assembly Availability Product Allocation Schedule line category

Cop Control: Copy control is normally set for "eader /tem Schedule line levels

,o control copying procedure !e have Data transfer routines Copying requirements S!itches

Pricing Procedure deter$ination: Pricing is an important component in SAP-SD$ &nce an order is entered ta'ing into consideration some ma<or factors: the pricing procedure for the particular order is determined$ ,he ma<or factors ta'en into consideration for pricing procedure determination is+

Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

Sales area ( Custo$er Pricing procedure)Custo$er &aster .Sales area data+ ( Docu$ent Pricing Procedure)Sales Docu$ent , pe+

Pricing Procedure /hat are the co$ponents of pricing procedure0 1o- is that a person should -or# on Pricing Procedure0 ,o start !ith first Define a Condition table: 1hat is a condition table= A table !here the 'ey fields are data combinations for !hich messages are triggered 9and offered for processing6$ 5or each data combination: there is a condition record in the table$ ,he data part contains the actual message$ As mentioned above a condition table is a table !hich carries 'ey fields for pic'ing up the prices$ Define Access Sequences ,he access sequence is a search strategy !hich the SAP System uses to search for condition records valid for a condition type$ 5or e#ample: you can define for a price that the SAP System first searches for a customerspecific price and then for a price list price$ (ecommendation /f you define your o!n access sequences: the 'ey should start !ith the letter > since SAP reserves this letter for the standard system$ Do not change access sequences contained in the standard SAP ()* System$

Actions 3$ Chec' to !hat e#tent you can use the access sequences contained in the standard SAP ()* System$ 4$ Create ne! access sequences by copying a similar access sequence and changing it according to your needs$ Specify an alphanumeric 'ey !hich may have up to ? digits and a te#tual description$ *$ Maintain the accesses for the access sequence by specifying the condition tables in the desired sequence$ 1ith the sequence: you define the priority of the accesses$ @ou can display combinations of 'ey fields using possible entries$

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Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

?$ 0enerating the accesses is no longer necessary as of *$A: as this is carried out automatically$ @ou can generate the accesses manually: if required: by choosing B2tilitiesB$ %#ample /n pricing: you use a customer-material discount$ ,he condition records you create are based on customer data from the document header and material data from each document item$ ,he discount is only valid for 4C of your customers: ho!ever$ Normally: this !ould mean that the system !ould needlessly search through every available item for DEC of your customers$ /n this case: pre step !ould improve system performance$ Define Condition , pe A characteristic of a condition$ 5or e#ample: in pricing: different condition types are used to distinguish bet!een a discount that refers to a net price and a discount that refers to a gross price$ Price elements are represented in the SAP system by condition types$ Price elements can be: for e#ample: prices: surcharges: discounts: ta#es or: freight: and are stored in the system in condition records$ @ou can: for e#ample: define !hether a discount is calculated as a percentage or a fi#ed amount using the condition type$ @ou specify an access sequence in every condition type$ ,hus: you define !hich fields the SAP system chec's !hen searching for a valid condition record$ Note ,he pricing procedure groups all condition types together !hich the SAP system is to automatically ta'e into account during pricing for a business transaction 9see the section BDefine and assign pricing proceduresB6$ (emember that you can only specify manually in a document those condition types !hich are contained in the pricing procedure$ @ou can change the outcome of pricing in the sales document manually$ @ou can limit options for changing a condition type in this /M0 step$

(ecommendation /f you define your o!n condition types: the 'ey should start !ith the letter > since SAP reserves these letters for that purpose in the standard system$ Do not change the condition types !hich are contained in the standard SAP ()* System$

Actions

3$ Chec' to !hat e#tent you can use the condition types contained in the standard SAP ()* System$

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Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

4$ Create ne! condition types by copying a similar conditions type and changing it according to your requirements$ &ne reason for creating a ne! condition type is you may require a calculation rule for a discount !hich is not available in the standard system$ Specify an alphanumeric 'ey !hich can have up to ? digits: and a te#tual description$ Specify an access sequence for the condition types$ @ou do not need to specify an access sequence for header conditions$ *$ Maintain the detail screen of the condition type$ @ou can also assign a reference condition type if the condition types you are !or'ing !ith are similar$ ,hen you !ill only have to maintain condition records for the reference condition type$ /n addition: you can define the upper and lo!er limits for the value of a condition at condition type level$ ,his !ay: you limit the amounts or the scale values in the corresponding condition records$ Define Pricing Procedures ,he pricing procedure defines the conditions permitted for a document and the sequence in !hich the system ta'es these conditions into account during pricing$ A standard pricing procedure is defined in the standard SAP system$ /t contains conditions most commonly used$ ,hese include material prices: discounts: and surcharges: such as freight: or ta#$ SAP (ecommendation Define your o!n pricing procedures !hich contain only those condition types !hich you use$ &ther!ise: the system ma'es un neccessary accesses to conditions$ Do not change the pricing procedures contained in the standard SAP ()* System$

Actions 3$ Create ne! pricing procedures by copying a similar pricing procedure$ o o Specify a 'ey !ith up to F characters and a description$ 5or a procedure: specify the condition types in the sequence of their usage$

Maintain the lines of the pricing procedure 4$ After!ards define the customer determination procedures for determining the procedure$ *$ Define the document pricing procedures for determining the procedure$ ?$ Assign the procedure to the sales document types and billing types$ G$ ,o determine the procedure: define the allo!ed combinations of+ o o o o Shipping: Sales area Customer pricing procedure Document pricing procedure Pricing procedure

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Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

,he basis for shipping is delivery$ Deliver docu$ent controls the follo-ing in deliveries Number range /tem no increment Storage location rule (oute determination ,e#t determination Delivery split 0en$ pac'ing material ) item &rder required

Deliver ite$ categor controls: Chec' min delivery Availability chec' (elevant for pic'ing Storage location required Determine storage location Automatic batch determination ,e#t determination procedure "illing: .illing is the last phase in the SD process $.illing is the phase !here the ma<or integration of SD and 5/ Module happens$ .illing document has got the follo!ing structure+ "eader /tem

"illing docu$ents $ainl control: No$ range Posting bloc' 9Controls posting to accounting6 (elevant for rebate Account determination procedure Account determination recon account Account determination pay$cards &utput determination procedure Account Deter$ination in SAP Account determination in SAP-SD happens !ith the follo!ing rule Sales Organization 2 Chart of Accounts 2 Account assign$ent group .Custo$er 2 Account assign$ent group*&aterial 2

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Basic Rules in SAP-Sales and Distribution Module

Account 3e

%4L account on -hich the postings has to happen$

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