CONTROL CHART The control chart is a valuable tool for differentiating between a

common cause and a special cause. It is a trend chart with a few reference lines added:

Centerline (CL): The average process performance when the process is in-control.

Upper and Lower Control Limits (UCL and LCL): The range of 'usual' process
performance when the process is stable.
Points which fall beyond control limits are states
that the process is not stable
Unusual patterns and trends over time also
indicate an unstable process

Example: The analysis based on water use data (of cubic meter) of at usual home on a daily
basis over a period of 30 consecutive days. If any points exceed the upper control limit, we
conclude the process is not stable. Actually these different control limits can be defined as a
small alarms related with the required precautions has to be taken upon before the process
turn into instability. The plot moving ranges rather than original series values also an
alternative to monitor the changes from one time period to the next. Lower and Upper
control limits has been calculated by the following procedure

Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Usage
5.6
7.3
6.2
6.3
7.4
5.4
5.9
6.5
3.9
7.1
5.4
7.0
6.3
2.4
7.6
5.4
6.6
7.4
2.9
8.0
5.6
4.6
7.1
6.9
5.6
5.3
8.0
5.6
6.4
7.6

Average
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1

LCL1

LCL2
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74

LCL3
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37
3.37

UCL1
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99

UCL2
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49
7.49

8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86
8.86

UCL3
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24
10.24

12.0

Water Use Monthly Basis

10.0

8.0

Data
AVERAGE
LCL1
LCL2

6.0

LCL3
UCL1
UCL2

4.0

UCL3

2.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30