NG DNG PHN MM ETABS TRONG PHN TCH KT CU NH CAO TNG

ng Quc M B mn K thut Xy dng I. T VN

Nhng nm gn y, trong iu kin dn s tng nhanh v qu t hn hp nh cao tng ang pht trin vi mt s lng ln Vit Nam nh mt nhu cu tt yu. Nh cao tng tr thnh mt biu tng ca nn vn minh v tin b khoa hc k thut, ng thi l b mt ca mt thnh ph hin i v pht trin. Tuy nhin vi m hnh kt cu l mt h siu tnh bc cao cng vi nhng c im v kt cu phc tp nh: h kt cu khung vch cng v li cng, h kt cu hnh ng, h kt cu hnh hpkt hp vi vic phi tnh ton cc ti trng phc tp nh ng t, gi nglm cho vic tnh ton kt cu ca nh cao tng tr nn kh khn v gn nh khng th thc hin bng phng php th cng. Trong ngnh xy dng, Etabs l mt phn mm phn tch v thit k kt cu c s dng vi nhiu tnh nng u vit nh: S dng h li v cc la chn bt im ging AutoCAD. Xut v nhp s hnh hc t mi trng AutoCAD (file *.DXF) Tng tc nhp liu nh cao tng bng khi nim tng tng t - similar story. C kh nng chia o phn t, lm tng tc qu trnh phn tch tnh ton. T ng xc nh trng bn thn cu kin, khi lng v trng lng cc tng. T ng xc nh tm hnh hc, tm cng v tm khi lng cng trnh. T ng xc nh chu k v tn s dao ng ring ca cng trnh. Bo co ny s trnh by phng php ng dng phn mm Etabs trong phn tch kt cu nh cao tng thng qua m hnh c th. II. 2.1 TRNH T THC HIN D liu bi ton Mt cng trnh c mt bng nh hnh v, gm 15 tng v 1 tng hm, chiu cao ca tng l 3,5m, tng hm cao 3m. Gi thit tng gch xy trn tt c cc dm, tng dy 200, Ti trng: tnh ti ca cc lp hon thin ln sn 0,15 T/m2. Hot ti tnh ton sn lm vic 0,24 T/m2; hot ti sn mi 0,09 T/m2. Tnh ti do tng tc dng ln dm: 1,05 T/m. Chn s b kch thc tit din: sn dy 150; dm bxh = 300x600; vch dy 250. Bng 1: Kch thc ct story 3 story 6 700x700 story 6 story 9 600x600 story 9 story12 500x500 story 12 story 16 400x400

Base story 3 800x800

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C B6 B4 B3 B5 B2 B1 B

1'

1''

4'

4''

Hnh 1: Mt bng cng trnh 2.2 Cc bc thc hin BC 1: CHN N V R chut n thanh trng thi gc bn phi ca mn hnh, click chn n v Tan-m. BC 2: TO H LI 1. Click vo menu File New Model... Hp thoi New Model Initialization xut hin: chn Default.ebd

2.

Chn Default.ebd Hp thoi Building Plan Gird System and Data Definition xut hin, nhp thng s nh hnh v.

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3.

Click chn Custom Gird Spacing Edit Gird Hp thoi Define Grid Data xut hin, click chn Spacing ri nhp gi tr nh hnh:

4.

Click OK 2 ln ng hp thoi Building Plan Gird System and Data Definition.

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Sau khi ng hp thoi Building Plan Grid System and Data Definition trn mn hnh xut hin hai ca s lm vic, click chut vo mt im bt k ti ca s 3-D View, dng cc phm mi tn hiu chnh gc nhn. BC 3: KHAI BO VT LIU 1. Click vo menu Define Material Properties, hp thoi Define Material xut hin.

2. Chn CONC Modify/show Material Hp thoi Material Property Data xut hin; nhp thng s nh hnh v: BC 4: KHAI BO TIT DIN DM - CT

1. Click vo menu Define Frame sections..., Hp thoi Define Frame Properties xut
hin.

2. Chn tt c cc tit din c sn, click Delete Property xa. 3. Ti dng Add I/Wide Flange chn Add Rectangular, hp thoi Rectangular Section
xut hin, nhp s liu nh hnh:
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Khai bo tit din dm kch thc 300x600: nhp s liu nh hnh

Lm tng t vi cc tit din ct: C800x800, C700x700, C600x600, C500x500, C400x400. BC 5: KHAI BO TIT DIN SN - VCH 1. Click vo menu Define Wall/Slab/Deck Section... Hp thoi Define Wall/Slab/Deck Section xut hin

2. Click chn SLAB1 Modify/Show Section..., hp thoi Wall/Sab Section xut hin, nhp s liu nh hnh:

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3. Click OK ng hp thoi, tip tc click vo Wall1 Modify/Show Section... khai bo tit din vch. Nhp s liu nh hnh:

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 BC 6: KHAI BO TI TRNG 1. Click vo menu Define Static Load Cases... hp thoi Define Static Load Cases xut hin, khai bo ti trng nh hnh sau:

2. Click OK ng hp thoi. BC 7: KHAI BO TI TRNG THAM GIA DAO NG 1. Click vo menu Define Mass Source From Loads 2. Khai bo TT h s 1, HT h s 0,5 nh hnh sau:

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 BC 8: V VCH 1. Click chn khung ca s Plan View; r chut n thanh trng thi bn di gc phi mn hnh click chn ch Similar stories. 2. Click cng c v vch Draw Wall trn thanh cng c Draw. Trn hp thoi Properties of Object mc Property chn VACH. 3. Click ln lt tng im trn li ta v c vch nh hnh sau:

BC 9: V CT v ct c d dng v nhanh chng, ta tm thi n mt s ng li ph v phn t vch va v. 1. Click vo menu View/Set Building View Options... hp thoi Set Building View Options xut hin, click b Wall (Area)

2. Click chut phi chn Edit Gird Data... hp thoi Coordinate Systems xut hin, chn Modify/Show System... 3. Click chn Hide ti ct Visibility tm thi n i cc ng li ph

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4. Click OK 2 ln ng cc hp thoi. 5. Click chut phi chn Edit Story Data... hp thoi Story Data xut hin, ti cc ct Master Story v Similar To ta chn nh hnh sau:

6. Ti ca s Plan View ti Story 16 click chn cng c v ct Create Colums trn thanh cng c Draw. Hp thoi Properties of Object xut hin, ti mc Property chn tit din C400x400.
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7. Click chn 1 im t gc bn tri n gc bn phi to thnh khung ca s ch nht bao trm cc v tr ct.

8. Di chuyn xung Story12, chn tit din D500x500 ri v theo cch tng t. 9. Ln lt di chuyn n cc tng Story9, Story6, Story3 v cc ct c tit din tng ng. BC 10: V DM 1. Click chut phi chn Edit Story Data... hp thoi Story Data xut hin, click Reset a tt c cc tng v Similar to Story16. 2. Click chn cng c v nhanh dm Create Lines in Region or at Clicks trn thanh cng c Draw. Hp thoi Properties of Object xut hin, ti mc Property chn tit din D300x600. 3. Click chn 1 im t gc bn tri n gc bn phi to thnh khung ca s ch nht bao trm cc ng li. Kt qu ta c h dm nh hnh sau:

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 BC 11: V SN 1. Click cng c v nhanh sn Create Areas at Click trn thanh cng c Draw. Hp thoi Properties of Object xut hin, ti mc Property chn tit din SAN. 2. Click chn 1 im t gc bn tri n gc bn phi to thnh khung ca s ch nht bao trm cc v tr sn. 3. Xa cc sn ti v tr thang my. BC 12: HIU CHNH M HNH 1. Click chut phi chn Edit Gird Data... hp thoi Coordinate Systems xut hin, chn Modify/Show System... 2. Click chn Show ti ct Visibility hin th li 1 v 4. 3. Click chn cng c v dm Draw Lines trn thanh cng c Draw, chn tit din D300x600. 4. Click v b sung on dm i qua thang my t im li 1-B n 1-C v on dm 4B n 4C. Hp thoi Properties of Object xut hin, ti mc Property chn tit din SAN. 6. R chut t gc tri n gc phi ca sn to thnh khung hnh ch nht v cc sn nh. Kt qu ta c m hnh nh hnh v:

5. Click chn cng c v sn hnh ch nht Draw Rectangular Areas,

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 BC 13: GN TI TRNG TNG TRN DM 1. Click vo menu Select chn by Line Object Type... Hp thoi Select Line Object Type xut hin, chn Beam OK

2. b chn dm tng mi (Story16) ta click vo menu Select chn Deselect by Story Level... Hp thoi Select Story Level xut hin, chn Story16 OK

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3. Click vo menu Assign Frame/Line Loads Distributed... Hp thoi Frame Distributed Loads xut hin, khai bo gi tr nh hnh v

BC 14: GN TI TRNG PHN B TRN SN 1. Click vo menu Select chn by Area Object Type... Hp thoi Select Area Object Type xut hin, chn Floor OK 2. Click vo menu Assign Shell/Area Loads Uniform... Hp thoi Uniform Surface Loads xut hin, gn gi tr nh hnh v

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3. Click vo menu Select Get Previous Selection chn li nhng sn va c chn trc . 4. Click vo menu Assign Shell/Area Loads Uniform... Hp thoi Uniform Surface Loads xut hin, gn gi tr nh hnh v

5. Trn thanh trng thi chuyn t ch Similar Stories sang One Story. Trn ca s Plan View, di chuyn n Story16 ri chn tt c cc sn tng ny. 6. Click vo menu Assign Shell/Area Loads Uniform... Gn gi tr hot ti (HT) l 0,09 T/m2 BC 15: GN TN CHO VCH Nu ngi s dng mun chng trnh xut ra kt qu ni lc tnh ton ct thp cho vch cng th nn t tn cho tng vch ring l. Nu ngi s dng mun chng trnh xut ra kt qu ni lc tnh ton ct thp mng cho vch cng th nn t tn cho cc vch cng mt tn. 1. Click vo menu Select chn by Area Object Type... Hp thoi Select Area Object Type xut hin, chn Wall OK 2. Click vo menu Assign Shell/Area Pier Label... Hp thoi Pier Names xut hin, gn tn vch l V1 OK.
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 BC 16: CHIA PHN T SN 1. Click vo menu Select chn by Area Object Type... Hp thoi Select Area Object Type xut hin, chn Floor OK 2. Click vo menu Assign Shell/Area Area Object Mesh Options... Hp thoi Area Object Auto Mesh Options xut hin. 3. Chn ch Auto Mesh Object into Structural Elements Chn Futher Subdivide Auto Mesh with Maximum Elemen Size of nhp gi tr l 1.

BC 17: CHIA NH PHN T VCH tnh ton ct thp cho vch cng v mng ta tin hnh chia nh vch cng. 1. Click chn phn t vch trc 1, 4, B2, B5.
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2. Click vo menu Edit Mesh Areas, hp thoi Mesh Selected Areas xut hin, nhp gi tr nh hnh v:

3. Click chn phn t vch trc B1 v B6. 4. Click vo menu Edit Mesh Areas, hp thoi Mesh Selected Areas xut hin, nhp gi tr nh hnh v:

5. Click chn phn t vch trc 1 v 4. 6. Click vo menu Edit Mesh Areas, hp thoi Mesh Selected Areas xut hin, nhp gi tr nh hnh v:

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 BC 18: GN IU KIN BIN CHO KT CU 1. Trn ca s Plan View, di chuyn n tng hm Base ri chn tt c cc chn ct. 2. Click vo menu Assign Joint/Point Restraints (Supports) Hp thoi Assign Restraints xut hin

3. Click chn biu tng lin kt ngm OK BC 19: KHAI BO SN TUYT I CNG 1. Click vo menu Select chn by Area Object Type... Hp thoi Select Area Object Type xut hin, chn Floor OK 2. Click vo menu Assign Shell/Area Diaphragms... Hp thoi Assign Diaphragms xut hin.

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3. Click chn D1 OK ng hp thoi. BC 20: THC HIN TNH TON Click vo menu Analyze Run Analysis. BC 21: XUT KT QU - TNH TON TI TRNG GI 1. Click vo menu Display Show Tables... Hp thoi Choose Tables for Display xut hin, click chn Modal Information v Building Output

Khi trn mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi cung cp cho ngi s dng nhng bng kt qu ca bi ton. 2. Click chn Modal Participating Mass Ratios

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Ch thch: Mode: 12 dng dao ng ca bi ton. Period: chu k (T) ng vi cc dng dao ng. 3. Tip tc click vo Building Modes

Ch thch: UX: dch chuyn theo phng trc X ng vi cc dng dao ng (Mode). UY: dch chuyn theo phng trc Y ng vi cc dng dao ng (Mode). 4. Tip tc click chn Center Mass Rigidity
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Ch thch: MassX, MassY: khi lng tp trung ti cc tng. Da vo cc kt qu trn ta thc hin tnh ton ra c tng ti trng gi tc dng ln cng trnh. 5. Tng ti trng gi (tnh + ng) Tng Story 2 Story 3 Story 4 Story 5 Story 6 Story 7 Story 8 Story 9 Story 10 Story 11 Story 12 Story 13 Story 14 Story 15 Story 16 Tng ti gi ln phng OX (T) 14.61 16.58 18.23 19.38 20.32 21.12 21.87 22.42 22.91 23.37 23.71 23.96 24.2 24.41 21.72
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Tng ti gi ln phng OY (T) 18.18 20.51 22.3 23.7 24.73 25.72 26.59 27.28 27.92 28.48 28.93 29.29 29.64 29.94 26.82

 BC 22: NHP TI GI VO M HNH TNH TON 1. Click vo biu tng Lock/Unlock Model trn thanh cng c.

2. Click vo menu Define Static Load Cases... hp thoi Define Static Load Cases xut hin, khai bo ti trng nh hnh sau:

3. Click chn GX (gi cng chiu theo phng trc X) Chn Modify Lateral Load..., hp thoi User Wind Load xut hin, nhp gi tr ti ct FX:

Click OK kt thc vic nhp ti gi GX. 4. Click chn GXX (gi ngc chiu theo phng trc X) Chn Modify Lateral Load..., hp thoi User Wind Load xut hin, nhp gi tr ti ct FX:

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Click OK kt thc vic nhp ti gi GXX 5. Click chn GY (gi cng chiu theo phng trc Y) Chn Modify Lateral Load..., hp thoi User Wind Load xut hin, nhp gi tr ti ct FY:

Click OK kt thc vic nhp ti gi GY. 6. Click chn GYY (gi ngc chiu theo phng trc Y) Chn Modify Lateral Load..., hp thoi User Wind Load xut hin, nhp gi tr ti ct FY:

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Click OK 2 ln kt thc vic nhp ti gi. BC 23: T HP TI TRNG Cc loi t hp ti trng: Tn TH1 TH2 TH3 TH4 TH5 TH6 TH7 TH8 TH9 THBAO 1 TT + 1 HT 1 TT + 1 GX 1 TT + 1 GXX 1 TT + 1 GY 1 TT + 1 GYY 1 TT + 0,9 HT + 0,9 GX 1 TT + 0,9 HT + 0,9 GXX 1 TT + 0,9 HT + 0,9 GY 1 TT + 0,9 HT + 0,9 GYY 1TH1 + 1TH2 + 1TH3 + 1TH4 + 1TH5 + 1TH6 + 1TH7 + 1TH8 + 1TH9 Cu trc Kiu ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD ENVE

1. Click vo menu Define Load Combinations... hp thoi Define Load Combinations xut hin, chn Add New Combo... 2. Hp thoi Load Combination Data xut hin, khai bo TH1 nh sau: Load Combination Name Load Combination Type Add Add Case Name TT HT Scale Factor 1 2 Click vo Add Add

TH1

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Click OK ng hp thoi. 3. Thc hin tng t khai bo cc t hp TH2, TH3, TH4, TH5 vi h s Scale Factor l 1 v TH6, TH7, TH8, TH9 vi h s Scale Factor l 0,9. 4. Khai bo t hp THBAO nh hnh sau:

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 BC 24: THC HIN TNH TON V XEM KT QU Click vo menu Analyze Run Analysis thc hin tnh ton. Sau khi chng trnh gii xong ngi s dng cn xem gi tr kt qu v xut thnh file d liu thc hin tnh ton ct thp. BC 25: XEM BIU V GI TR NI LC CA PHN T THANH - VCH 1. Trn khung Plan-View click Frames/Pier/Spandrel Forces... Hp thoi Member Forces Diagram for Frame...xut hin di chuyn n tng cn xem kt qu.

2. Click vo menu Display Show Member Forces/Stress Diagram

3. Ti dng Load chn loi ti trng hay t hp cn xem ni lc. 4. Trong mc Component: Click chn Moment 3-3 xem biu v gi tr moment ca dm. Click chn Shear 2-2 xem biu v gi tr lc ct ca dm. 5. Trong mc Options hin th gi tr trn biu ta click chn Show Values on Diagram. 6. Trong mc Include chn Frames nu mun xem ni lc phn t thanh, chn Pier nu mun xem ni lc phn t vch. BC 26: XUT FILE KT QU 1. Click vo menu Display Show Tables... hp thoi Chose Tables for Display xut hin.
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2. Click chn Select Cases/Combos... ch trng hp ti hoc t hp cn xem. 3. Click chn mc Displacements xut bng kt qu chuyn v. 4. Click chn mc Reactions xut bng kt qu phn lc. 5. Click chn mc Building Output xut bng kt qu khi lng v cng. 6. Click chn mc Frame Output xut bng kt qu ni lc phn t thanh. 7. Click chn mc Wall Output xut bng kt qu ni lc phn t vch. III. KT LUN Qua v d trn ta c th thy trong vic tnh ton v thit k nh cao tng, Etabs l phn mm kt cu ni tri v tin dng hn hn so vi cc phn mm kt cu khc nh: SAP 2000, STAAD.Pro TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Nguyn Khnh Hng, Thit k kt cu cng trnh ETABS 9.7.2, Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 2012. [2] Phan Quang Minh, Kt cu b tng phn cu kin c bn, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, 2006.

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