Dissertation

TOPIC 07 SELECTING SAMPLES

LECTURER: THANG NGUYEN @ FSB HANOI BASED ON: SAUNDERS ET AL (2012)

RESEARCH METHODS FOR BIZ STUDENTS

OUTLINE Sampling Probability sampling Non-probability sampling

SAMPLING

THE NEED FOR SAMPLING

Population: full set of all cases Census: analyse data of all cases Sampling needed when 1) Impracticable to survey entire population 2) Budget constraints 3) Time constraints Sampling may be more accurate than census Types of sampling techniques: Fig 7.2 p261 1) Probability/representative 2) Non-probability

SAMPLING

PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Simple Systematic Stratified Cluster: one-stage/multi-stage

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Quota Purposive Volunteer Haphazard

PROBABILITY SAMPLING

PROBABILITY SAMPLING STAGES

Identify sampling frame: list of all cases Choose a sample size: confidence, tolerant level, analysis types, pop. size, [30, 2000] Choose sampling technique: p271 Select the sample Check representativeness of sample

PROBABILITY SAMPLING

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Central limit theorem (CLT): larger sample size => sample distribution closer to normal Statistical inference: generalisation from sample to population Law of large numbers (LLN): larger sample size => sample mean closer to population mean Normally choose 95% confidence interval: 95 out of 100 sample statistics represent population statistics with some margin of error

PROBABILITY SAMPLING

RESPONSE RATE
Non-response: refusal, ineligibility, inability to locate, unable to make contact High response rate: less bias Total response rate = Responses/(sample size ineligible) Active response rate = Res./(sample ineligible unreachable) Actual sample size n(a) = n100/re%

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Choose sampling technique: p282 Sample size: no rule or data saturation Quota sampling: give quota Purposive sampling: judgement Volunteer sampling: snowball & self-selection Haphazard sampling: convenience