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NREGA

Group 7

NREGA: Fundamental Principles Employment on demand. Legal right. Universal entitlement. Participatory approach. Accountability to PRIs. Full transparency.

NREGA: Basic Entitlements


Employment within 15 days of application. Unemployment allowance. Work within 5 kilometres. Minimum wages. Payment within 15 days. No gender discrimination. Basic worksite facilities.

NREGA: Employment Generation


Total: Per job card: Per rural household: Minimum requirement:a 90 crore person-days 24 person-days 17 person-days 200 crore person-days

Person-days per rural household

Share of Disadvantaged Groups in NREGA Employment


Women: Scheduled Tribes (ST): Scheduled Castes (SC): SC/ST Combined: 40% 36% 26% 62%

Share of Women in NREGA Employment


National average: Highest shares: 40% Tamil Nadu Rajasthan Kerala Andhra Pradesh Bihar Uttar Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir 81% 67% 66% 55% 17% 17% 12% 4%

Lowest shares:

Share of Women in NREGA Employment

Average Expenditure and Labour Costs


Average Expenditure per Person-Day Share of Wages in Total Expenditurea Rs. 98 66%

Average Wage Cost per Person-Daya


aUnskilled

Rs. 64

labour only.

Average Wage Cost per Person-Day


Kerala Maharashtra Haryana Punjab Andhra Pradesh Jharkhand Tamil Nadu 121 104 97 94 86 80 80 Jammu & Kashmir 69 Assam Karnataka North-Easta Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh 67 67 63 63 59 56

Uttarakhand
Bihar West Bengal Himachal Pradesh
a

72
70 70 69

Gujarat
Orissa Rajasthan INDIA

56
53 51 64

Except Assam (approximate figure, based on incomplete data).

Positive Aspects
Most families have a job card. Awareness levels have improved. Employment on a massive scale. Minimum wages are being paid. Contractors have disappeared. Most of the works are productive. Corruption levels have gone down. Where there is work, NREGA is a lifeline for the rural poor. Massive progress compared with earlier years!

Areas of Concern
Work is not demand-driven. Long delays in wage payments. Shortage of staff at all levels. Poor worksite facilities (e.g. creches). Violations of the transparency safeguards. Corruption persists.

The Future of NREGA: Critical Issues


Activating the work application process. Implementation of transparency safeguards Timely wage payments. Need for a wage policy. Womens participation. Redressal systems!

NREGA and Party Politics

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