Download as doc, pdf, or txt
Download as doc, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 19

drfDo] M nfv] jn ljhozdf{ /fhf]kfWofo e':ofMwfMof Uofgfk'u' tfno\ Kofv+ Nx' NxF' nfv] jn .

nfv] jn nfv] jn Uofgfk';] Rj+lk+ nfv] jn .. jnjnjnjn nfv] jnnfv] jn .. jnjnjnjn nfv] jnnfv] jn .. tftfMxfsMu' ofknf+ ;Fo\ emftf ftf l +s !\of]+ ;+sfM l Rofgf Rj+"]+ #of+u' $jfno\ go\%jg] lk%ofMu' kx jo\sfM lt lt+ &x' &x'F Kofv+ Nx' Nx'F emofln+'f ug (' f f+ jn Ujf)f f)f l'+ lk+ l*;+ l l;nfMlKf+ jnjnjnjn nfv] jnnfv] jn .. jnjnjnjn nfv] jnnfv] jn ..

bf]nvf 5u' ofqf c~hgf l;+x g]kfnef,ff s]&(-+o ljefuo\ ./l0fs;1of 2345.63 &xfkfu' (Fof 7jl lk nf]sjftf8of sfo80f]1 (Field work) of l lt

2345 kmfNu'9f 2: ut] .'1mjf)lg;]+ 2345 kmfNu'9f 25 ut] ;f] fjf) ts ./l0fs e 9fof nflu (f]nvf jgfu' vM . g]kfM (]of &#ofu' x] 0f]1 e- 9f of;f ef/uf]lns s" wfou' vM;f !'fv])+ kxf;+ <])]o\ ofgftMu' ='> . jx] g]kfM(]of ef/uf]lns s"+ lj.],ftfof ?k+ gfnf sfo] fn+ . (f]nvf g+ !u' x] u'+ j kxf;+ <])]o\ ='u' ufno\ nfMu' !u@ Ak%osf vM . of1f tfMxfsM=';f (f]nvf Bo]g] &#oM k-sCltoft &#o>k's]t #jofRj+u' )+u+lD)u+ g f]xs Es:jf+g+ g Fem Ffgl&(t oft . "f/s&xo\ Bj >no\ #jofRj+u' j Es:jf+ g+ k-sCltoft lt;f j;M lkmsftMu' "]+ em+em+ wfo]sftMu' (CGo :jo\Dno\ l= D;of ('g] F.Hm =@;f+ F.Hm =@"]+ x.'; ='n . &x@u' &x@u' "f;o jg]Dno j "f;o\ Rjlk+ g'v+ oIj Ffl% otf Io+u' vg](' . (f]nvfo\ Rj+lk+ Flwsf+. g@t g+ F"] x] tfn . Fgofu' j:t+ !"fo\ vM;f !]F wfM;f (Ij x] Fnu Fnu x] (' . !u@ F=@'fMu' vF !' wfM;f !vf !]Fof !u' Ef]n g+ ('u' ='ofRjg . j vM l;tu' %jfn'f%jfM . F"]x] F'J ='>u' vF Ko] (f]nvfjf;+ (Ijl;of u9f]L g+ jx] !Jx =s vM .

bf]nvf !d"f# 5u' n'd$%& ;'o{n(d&

u'Dno\ ug g+ jlgu' ='nls l=tM &#o x] j> v' . Av'g' kmfNu'9f 2: ut] g+ (]fnvf jg]u' ='u'ln+ l=tM &#o x] j;] x] ;'"M ='n M IofJk;o\ ;'"o 6N33 D=] Bo+sf . ;sn kf;flk+ 'gf FfO D=] D; &#oft . kfF'vfno\ gf:tf ofgfMM ';] =f go\u' Pof Ij'fo\sf tMxfsu' D; of1f ofgf . 'f) D=] (f]nvfo\ Bog . Fg l=lk Bog] &#oMx] l=l t Ujfxfln ofo\t .f&tsC,9f Q],O (f>8 Fg n;s'. ofo\t RjgfRjg . Av'&x' jo\sn+ x]M (f]nfvf uf+of wfl 8s =+unM Njx+lxE+M k'nfFu' ()Df) '/%o Ffl(ofu' e- 9f ofsfM jof Df)] !'+ !'+ vF g+ sgfl(n . s&x]v'&x' 24 ut] &xfkf (gf e+ ;]gof (.8g ofgf . Fg+ lnkf l1k')f;'&()+ j jf)f9f;+ g+ (.8g ofgf . Bjx] jno\ l1k')f;'&()+ LM Lnf Dfx]s ;'gfg+ :jo\ l=A w/u' v+ l;n wfM;f jf)f9f;+ ;t+(]j+of !\o+ ktg ='ofM ('u' k+O wofu' vF g+ l;n . jof lnkf )f; ;)kfv] l=u' lj,fo =f1fof lg+t++ ;-f]t RolHmof ?ko\ e)t Q],O ;)+ Jxl;sf lDofl(n . 2ST <9Ef "]+ e)t ;) gfk =f1fof lj,fono vFnfDnf g+ ='n . ufF 'flxn]u' jno\ g)]&(- Q],O ;) M D'lUDxf(') F'f='M wg Dxf(') "f +M j+)Dxf(') l.jelHm Ffl( gfk+ g+ vFnfDnf ='n . LM lvA;] RjgfM jfM j;f g+ DfvF &og]u' e=g &og]u' j ufF 'flxn]u' Pof Df+nfs Ij'fn . ""]x] 26 ut] V='Q+ g+ 'fMlxn]u' ;f>t =')] ='n wfM;f Ujfxn+ ofgfl(lk+ ;sn ;)k++ ln;]g+ vFn Dnf ofo\u' PofjM ;Jk&g ='n . lnxf jofu' l(+ 2W ut] Fgof ;)lk&;+ g:jf+ x\josf ;sl;t lD(f> ofgfl(n . l=lk+ ;sl;t FfMts g+ (f]nvfof &#o>k';] Rj+u' "fo\ j ';' ';' l&xlnlk+ (f='ls=f j ttfs]x]lk+ n' g+Dno\ Bj g Fgofx] nfn+u')fF; "]+ #ofAFs #jofj>M *s Is .

bf]nvfof cg' j .l 8nf x=8g F+uM kf/of nflu (f]nvf jgfDno\ Fg'ej Rj wsfM wfMjno l=t nf !' Rjo !' Rjo ='n . vf;ofgfM l= (f]nvf :jsMu' e- 9f vM &xfkf lgsM jgfDno\ ts !'+ g+N &#of>k' =@ . wfo\ fn wfM;f jgM (.8g oft lnxf+ jn t) Bj :jsMu' (f]nvf e- 9f l=tM A%;'s ='n . ;sn]+ kf;f gfk+ ('u'ln g+ :o@ oIj x] &#of>k'n . !u@ tkm8o\ &#of>k';] Rjg+wfM;f . ]v] u"] ofo\M !'ofo\M u"]ofgfM gf+ t ;+sng ofou' u"] &og]u' wsfM Uofg+ Uoft . &xfkf+u' l(go\ Dfv+ &ogf D; &o+=s &ogfRjgf l=jg ;)+ &o+=s &o]g]u' v' ofsg+ )s;8 of wsfM wofl(n Fg+ lnkf f]jf>no\ )]s;8 ofo\u' .'?ofgf . (f]nvfo\ Ko&x'of e- 9fo\ (f]nvf jfl;&(f "M x] (f='ls=f "]+ Rjg\ . &#of"fo\ j+;f+ "u' x] uf o\ 'fMlxnf Rjgf "]+ ='n . Aln k]&x'of l(go\ x] oM"] ='>km'u' <'nl n ='u' vgf l=tnf F'J g+ ='n !fo\ ls l= ;'+g+ &x@lk+ g@to\ gfk+ Aln ofsg+ <'nl n ='oflg . t) j em+u' g]jfMtou' lj.],ftf j :jemfkg g+ vM "]+ Rj+ . j lemu' ef,ff =flt )xg ;xg Ffl( kfv]+ ofgf g+ vokm' . g]jfM lem g]jf x] vM . em+lk+ g]jf ; '(fo ='u'ln g+ vokm' "'ln g l no\ ='>km'u' . "'ln <'nl n ='>km'u' . (f]nvfjfl;t g+ Aln x] =+l t fof ofgf Ujfxfln ofgfl(n . Alsof nflu oIj x] w&ojf( (f]nvfjfl;lk&t . ol( Al ;+ UjfMxfln ofMu' =@;f u'n+g+ em+;+ (f]nvfoft 'fMlxn]u'M Jxl;s]u' s'tM ='n ;fo( Aln ofo\ km> v' ='> . Al u' :jfut of>u' tl)sf l=t oIj x] on . Als X:ofA(f>Y .R(oft ;fo( x] Nj g+ ='> . (f]nvfo\ ./l0fs e- 9f jgfM Fgof snf;+:sCltM )+ltl)jf=M jf:t'M gvM'vM =f1fM ;+:sf)M Dfv+M IjfM !'gfv+ Ffl(of jf)]o\ l;s]u' f/sf (t votnf Fg ;+:sf)o\ ljjfx ;+:sf) Aln vg] (' . l ;f l =+of

onls lj:o'+jgf >lxkf ofou' 'ng l=tM &#of> g+ k'n Fno\ og+ on . !fo\wfM;f em+u' ; f=o\ jofRj+u' (f>=f] k-"fM ljsClt j lj; +ult jofRj+u' :jo\jno Fg ofAF;] Rj+ . l no\ ='> fMu' lgJx]l;of g vM l no\ ='n ls Ij;M wofu' !'ofo\t wof"]+ Rjg . Bj 'ng !u' l=tM oIj x] on . em+u' ; f=o\ g+ F=fMu' ;+:sf) =@;f u=fMu' Po@ wsfM go\ tfn . em+"fo\ F"] ljjfx ='nls u'ln Df+ nfMu' l vf+ :j> t) Fg oIj x] Df+nfM l=t go\ ltIs l g . )f*vf jgfj+u' +no 5' 5' h'n ,f+nf x] h'n (of)f Q],O g]kfnef,ff lj,fo sofM :gftsf]H) tlu o &xfkfu' (Fof sf],f8 Fg';f) 23 fs8of nflu nf]sjftf8 lj,foof !u' ljwf IjMl!gf sfo80f]1 n'>sfM jg] fMu' nf (x] (' . t) "'lsof nflu fMu' tof)+M sfo80f]1of e- 9f Fno Qf]t RolHmM :"fg+o RolHmgfk+ vnfjnf =s v';] lj,fo k-fKofkg ofgf(+Jx ef='gfk+ ;xnx ofgfM fMu' ;f fu-+ =f];\oofgf tof) ofojno 23 gJj)of nflu =s v' Z33 gJD) Ro@;f+ x] uf>"]+ Rj+ . &#ofu' x] "=' . "'lsof nflu ofgfu' Fg'ej vM As++ tw+u' x] kfO (' w/"]+ l=+ tfosf Rjgf . Bjx] nf]sjftf8of nflu (f]nvf sfo80f]1 wsfM ;xnx RofsfM g]kfnef,ff s]&(+o ljefu kl)jf) ('Bofsf 7jl lk+ (Ij w/"]+ x] ; +nUg =@u' j ;kmn e- 9fof nflu l=tM Ro@u' l=J ]jf)+ RolHmut =';] e- 9fo ;+nUg ='lk+ ;sl;t >gf sfoDx =@ . lj.],fs"+ ljefu+o k- 'vM lj,fo k-fKofks ef=' lk&t nf emg FKkf] x] Rj!fo\Dx =@u' e@l sfof nflu .'efo\ lDofRjgf . Fno\ oftfoftof Roj:"fkg l=J ]jf)+ sof(+Jx ef=' DfD')f=f :sjfo)[lgJx kf;flk+\M =fg'sf Q],OM l='fef='oft"]+ Ff)f gI;+ Llgu'M ;fIs sf/nf ofo\u'M Pog+D]n+ ofo\t Roj:"fof l=J f sof(+Jx Akk-fKofks ef=' )f=gnfn =f].+='oft g+ ('g'un+lg;]+ .'efo .

wf%"]+ wfou' vM;f onKjfvflg;]+ &#ofMu' (f]nvf Kjf$ff ts Fno\ (f]nvf Kjfvf+lg;]+ onKjfvfo\ jof x] (+u' of1f vM . D;o\ kfMlxnf l;E\o Rjg]v+u'M o\=' j o='of k''Mof ("'> Njfk'(f]x)+ Jo]gfk+ Kofv+M l=)f] lsnf]o Bo+sf IjfMIjfMu' )+ sf/nfM $jfAF;] Rj+u' kmo\ gfk+ jgf ;nfu@+ ';] Bo+sf fIs';] Rj+u' vf>nf gfk+ Pog+ w'+sf 'l)sf]E Bo+tNn] .l)tf o\=' j FV=gf o=' &#os'n' ='u' (CGoM lj'o\ lj'o\ t'N;+nfn ;)ofu' g]jfM Jo]M l'uMu' l<&tf &'f+ t;M ofgfM "fo\ fMu' Fj:"fM ]:l;u-+ofu' <'Jt+ f];\o UofIs UofIs ;^f>e) ;fx]D+ Ijt]lnu' D-]sM D;of ofn+ :joDno\ DF oIj oIj Ij"fgfj"] Rj+u'M "fo\"f;o u'+t !u'ln+ #ofAF;] Rj+s #jofRj+u' Es:jf+ :j:j+ 'l)sf]E ='gfM (f]nvf Bo+u' nf 'fx] 'f . (f]nvfo Bo+sfM .f&tsC,9f Q],O j e)t Q],Olklgu' k''Mof n;s'; kmof . ;' ug _ BjMsf]l!gfM (f]nvf (]. (].fj) ;+l0fKt Fjnf]sg e- 9f ofou' jno l;+x u'+M ='sfM u9f]Lf] (.8g ofgfM Njx lxlE :jofM FgRj+lk+ v;\u+M skfn+ =flt gfk+ vnfjnf ofgfM ;'&!]M lk&!]M l;Je'M ;j)+ ='sfM lvAF;] Rj+sf lnxf+jof D]n+ ofow'+sfM <)D]t+ofu' Ij"fo\ Dfj')f=f :Ijfo)oft Do+ BogfM l= Ffg&( gfk vftfo\ (]gf . s&x\os'&x' ;'" &xfk+ (gf l=lk+ KoJx j =fg'sf o=' gfk+ (f]nvf le&Lf]"fo\ jgf l= &xfkfnfIs nf>g Rjgf ]lk+ kf;lk&t nf>ggfk tofu'nf l'lwsJx Dfj')f=f+ X(of)f (f>8 em u` &xfkfnfu'_Y wfMDno lnAg] nf>g RjgfRjlk+ vgfM Uof;] jn . (.8g ofgfM lskf sof lnxf+jof sf/nf ofgfM lj,foFg';f) k''M (osfM )f=g;)of ;l1mo ;xeflutfo Fg;+ Rj+lk+ Qf]t RolHm fMs"+ kl)'fng ofu' Pof Rj!fo\Dx=@ . (Ij "M"u' lj,foFg';f) Qf]t RolHm gfk+ sfo8 0f]1 j+u' fgf/M !' wfo"fo\ x] (' . l=tM j ;@o8n0 +='oft (f]nvfof =f1f lj,fo NosMu'ln+ e)t ;) j ]lk+ lgJx Qf]t RolHmofu' Roj:"f ofgfl(n wf;f u'lO lj,fo sfMJx =fg'sf o=' ofgfM :jJxl;u' k''M ='n .

e)t ;) gfk+ kfn+ kfM ;xnx l=l ;+ ofgf . lskfM ;FlskfM ;M Ffl( )]s;8M gfk+ Rjou' Pof ofgf . "Mt fu' &og]sg] ofgf Pof l;wn . Fno\ ufM 'fMu'of nflu xfsg+ sfo8 0f]1 jg] wsfM :jJx k''M j e)t ;) j gfk+ 'fM#o@jgf . jo\sMlk&; Iogf 7o@lk+ :"flgo RolHmt gfk+ fMu' ;+sng ofo\t ;xnx ofgfDno\ !' Fg'ej ='n wfM;f Al ;+ lD>u' ;@'+ Jxf] =s tfn . F"] ='of j x] k-sCltof =f1fofu' "Mu' "fo\of 7oxf])f sgls ltlg Al ; g+ Al u' =f1fofDf)] vF sgfx>u' ='n . ""] l=+ !' Fg'ej ofgf wf;f !'+ lj,foof Df)]o &og] fn wf;f j x] k-sCltofjf)o\ "Jx l;sf jf :o'u' vF sg wf;f Al ; + g+ vF sg]t Fk'>u' ='ofRj+u' vg] (' . ""] ='n ls "Mu' g+ Al ;+ l;of k-'f) =''Mof x] Fg ""] vlg;fM "g l=l "fo F"] v'M ""] wsfM .'? of>u' ='ofRjg . Bj x] jno\ nFo n;+ u'lOof) DfMlk+M Kofv+JjMtM )];1m;of l=Nnf &1+ gfk+ vFNxfjnf ofgfM ;lt(]j+of !\o+ ktg =@u' "fo\ u'+of ('g] Ijo\nfMu' Df)f9fl:f wf w>u' ;'&() k-fsClts "fo\ :jofM nFo lj'o vg]('u' tf fsf].+M Alsof kf)+of j:t+ j nF Fno\ nMajlgu' $oM :jof lnxf jof . Fg;+ Rj+lk :"fg+o g@to\u' u'+bjo Fjnf]sg ofgf l1k')f;'&()+ (.8g ofgfM Fg;+ x] &og]sg] ofgfRjlk+ ]lk+ kf;f k''M gfk+ lnxf jof . nFo xfsg !Jx "fl =fltofs] g]g] sg] ofgfM kf;f )f=of sf;fof jf)] &og]sg] ofMu'ln+ ltD ljof . :tM tlwsMlkg]u' :"flgo sf;f lJxtsf ;+lskf sof Dxlg lvAF lvAF wfo\sf sf]!]8 Rj+u' e=g 9;no ('xfjgf . e=g ;Jjl&w &og]sg] ofgfM Dfcx f;of Jo] xfu' &ogf . Fg; Rj+u' k'nf+u' Jo];km'of lskf sof Dxlg lnxf+ jof . D]n+ ofgfM xfsg+ ]u' Ij"fo' lgJx vftfoM lgJx vftfIjo kfn+kfM Lgf . Lg] &#oM ;)lk+ Rjgfl(u' sf]Ofo\ (Ij kf;flk+ ('xf+jgf s&x] Pof l;wo\sf sflnV'f]s jlgu' nf wsfM ;Nnfx ofgfDno\ Dxlg jf jofRju'M u'ln+ kf;flk+ j ;) jg] km'lk+ g+ ('u'ln jlgu' D? V='Q+ w/u' "f;o\ jg]u' IjMl!gfu' ='n .

xfsg+ Lg]t ;gfDno\ n0 + .f]ef 7jf+ 7jf+ emfofM Kofv+ Nx'of &x]>k's]u' wsfM ;tM emfn . jgfM %ofg' ='tNn] Jo]M Kofv+ x'nfu' ='n . s&x] s'&x' ;'"o\ (Ij 'gf .f&tsC,9f ;)of Fu'jf>no\ V='Q+ "fxf jgf . lj'o Rj+u' u'F (CGo Ffl(of jf)] vF &o+&o+ Fg Bo+sf ljle&g Pofofjf)] &og]sg] ofgfM lskfM ; +l+skf sof lnxfFjof Pog ofgfu' ='n . lnkf ;f @lxs ?k+ e- 9f Ef]lnofkfv]+ Ujfxfln ofMlk+ k''M j (f]nvfl lk&t .'efo\ lD>u' j josMlk&;+ g+ xg]Dxlk&t ;J fg of>u' wsfM jgf . lkof lkof PofjM ofsg &#ofM . tfM >8 ts lkof (Ij 'gfM .'? ofou' >no\ (Ijl;u' kl)'o PofjM l;wo\ ;ftls t;Is+ x] jf jn . lnkf xfsg+ 7jg]s''"+ PofjM ofgfM e- 9f Ef]lnof gfof] t'N;+nfnM )f=gnfnoft xg]u' Pof joslk&;+ oft wfM;f l ;f k''M j l =+ k''Mkfv]+ ;JDl&wt (Ijl;t ;'efo &j'' ljof . joslk&t g+ xg]u' PofM ofgf &j'' &ogfM Dxg+ lnxfF jofDno\ ts g+ jf jofRj+u' vM . knv l(gfRjgfDno\ Jo]xfnf Kofv+ x'n]u' wofM Jo] xfMjno t]=jltof J#of 'f ;;'+ XKofv+ x'>t l=t O'nf] OfAF fnY wfMjno (Ij x] #jf))))f+ l&xn . knv =fosf jfMl("]+ Rjgf jfF(fos (fos x] lnxf jgfDno l;Je' Bo+jno jf s =s ju' ='n . Fg Rjlk+ :"flgo lk&;+ l.j)f1+of Akn0fo kfMnUjof xfLf]of Ff)fwgf ofgfM l Rofsf e=g ofgfRj+u' vgf . Fg jgfu' nf Fg "]g] ;ftls x] k-;f( >gflDn . go\ lk%ofgfRj+u' >no\ Fg Bo+lk+ (Ijl;g gn . Fno e=gof tfno\ Kofvg+ x'of . lnkf t]=jt+ j l=+ lgk' :jk' e=g ofgfM lnxfjof D]n+ ofgf Lgf . xfsg+ lJxuM "]+ t' Jo] xfnf Kofv+ x'>u' wsfM ;tMjn . Al "fo\ jgfu' nf (Ij no\no\ tftf+ Jo] xfnf Kofv+ x'nfRjg . Alkgfk+ Kofv+ x'nfM Rjgfjno kf;f lj=o emfof jo\sMoft ;t';] lJxuM Kofv+ x'n wsfM wfn . l=l ;+ flkm ajgfM AOj; ofgfM t) josM no tfM u'ln no\tflst :jof no\ tfM l=+ tk'ln k'>sf l&xs]t :jof+ g+ l&xn josg+ tk'ln jfF!\jof l(n . !'ofo\ !'ofo\ ='n . Fo\;fg+ (Ijl;g+

Jo] xfnf Kofv+ x'n]u' Pof ='n . &#of>k's x] (Ij (Ij Kofv+ g+ x'nf Jo] xfnf gf])V=g ofgf . sg] s'&x' l=+ o+sfu' go\u' elt j e=g ;km@ (f]nvfofJx e)t ;) j ]Jx !Jx ;)oft ljof . w&ojf( ljof lj(f sof jo\%o+jno jo\sMlk+ (Ij D;o\ emfof vf(f Ijvfo\sf le+off1fof sf gfofgfM lj(f> ofgfl(n . lnxf+ jof 'l)sf]E Bo+sf le ]Gj) gu)kflnsfo\ jgf g+l)0f9f ofgfM fMu' ;''+ sof lnxfjof . xfsg+ @*] Bo+sf ;fIs Pog ofgf knv lnkf lnxfjof . t'N;+ ;)of Ffdfg';f) lj'o\ Bo+sf s'xfjof (Ijl;u' lskf sofu' ='n . j x] >no\ Es:jf+ oIj #jMu' vgfM l; f lnIsM jgf lskf sofDno\ ef=' 0f]1k-tfkofu' X t nflnu')f+. eo!'Y wfu' Jo] Flts+ x] ;f&(le8s tfn . D;o\ xfsg+ Njfk' ='>s t) w]sfDfl= ='>s l;s f]Df>no\ Jo] :j+:j+ (f]xf])+ Jo] xfxf+M vfl;'f/) Bo+sfM fM fMu' ;f fg &ofgfM lnxf+jof .

bf]nvf !d"f# !u' n' &t+

;l,gf zf-o

g]kfM (]ofu' k'j8kfv] =gsk') F+'nF&tu8t (f]nvf l=Nnfo\ nfu' sl)D 2Z33 ju8 lsnf]l E) 0f]1kmn ('u' !u@ kfsClts ;f/&(o8tf+ =fMu' j wfl 8s x%j+ =fMu' k-fl'g "fo\ vM bf]nvf#. Bj "fo\ o]+ g+ ZT: lsNl N k@j8 nfMu' !u' lx fn+ e]uof "fo vM . lx fn+ e]uo\ nfMu'ln+ ofgf "gofu' f/; elt'f $jfA+;] Rj+ . Fn] "gofu' jftfj)9f t;s+ :jR! j !'fv]) + kxf;+ 'flxsf Rj+u' ='ofM k-fsClts (CGot t;s+ Df+nfIs vg](' . f/; ;kmf ='Dno\ elt'f t=fM"fo\ jgfM :jnM wf;f "gofu' k-fsClts ;f/&(o8tf+ Ffsl,f8t ='>lk+ (> v' . Fn] Bj "f;o\ '$oofgf g]jfMto\u' jfx'Notf ('u' vg](' . F"];fg+ "g "f +tM s':n] jf ;fx+ =ftoflk+ g@t g+ RjgfRj+u' vg](' . Bj "fo\ofu' '$o Ffs,f89fofu' s]&(-lj&(' wofu' "g ('u' X(f]nvf le&Lf]Y vM . Bj wfl 8s ?k+ (]&o+s k-l;Uu' "fo\ ='of "fo\"f; + (.8g ofo\t j>lk+ (.8gf"+8t oIsf] vg](' . gfk+ "g l1k')f;'&()+M sfln&'f]s (]uM j jfns' f)+ofu' (]uMM oIsf] '/%ot g+ ('u'ln+ gfk+ "g =f1f kj8t g+ ljle&g k-sf)ofu' ('u'ln+ Bj "fo\ wfl 8s ?k+ x%jk'9f8u' "fo\ vMM Fn] "g uf/)+ .+s) lx fn g+ DfnfIs vg](' . F"]='of Bj wfl 8s j k-fsClts ? k+ ;'&()u' "f;o\ jfx\o gfkgfk+ Ff&tl)s ko8Est g+ oIsf] jMu' vg](' . ""] Df+nfMu' "fo\ j ljljwtf ('u' sf)9f+ ofgfM j !u' g]jfMto\u' jfx'Notf ('u' "fo\ g+ ='ofMl=l ;+ "u' FKoog ofo\u' l.nl.nfo\ "g oIsf] lj,fot n'>s] km> j "Mu' FKoog Pofo ;kmn ='> km> w>u' Ff;+ j l.0fs ju8lklgu' ;'emfjs"+ g]kfnef,ff lj,foo\ ` N`N tlu+ 7jg]t joflk+ &xfkf+u' (Foflk+ l=lk+ 7jl lk&;+ "Mu' ./l0fs e- 9f (f]nvfo\ x] ofo\u' lg9f8o ofgfM ;Isn] 7jl lk+; !u@ !u@ lj,fo NoofM tof)+ ofgf . "=fu' k-fsClts j wfl 8s ?k+ x%jk'9f8u' "f;o\ l=lk+ sl)D :j+Jx lt 7j+l lk+ gfk+ lemJxlt l.0fst ./l0fs e- 9fofu' nflu l lt 2345 ;fn kmfu'9f 2: ut] .'1mjf) v'&x' ;'"o\ (f]nvfof

nflu k-:"fg ofgf . oIsf] (Flnkf ""] kf;flk+ j u'?Df u'? f+lk+ gfk+ 'fF#o' jg] (ofM l= t;s+ no\tfM jM . F"]='ofM ;'" &xfkf+ l= "Mu' !]Fofu' Pof ofsg+ ofsg+ l;wo\sf x"fo\'fof IofJk;o\ 6M33 D=] Bo+sjof . Fgx] ;sn]+ kf;flk+ j u'?DfM u'? f+lk+ 'g] w'+sfM sl)D WNT3 D=]lt l=l u' D; (f]nvf jg]t &x\of+t . l=lk ;sn]+ !u@ &x'u' Fg'ej 'g]t jgfM Rjgfu'ln+ ;sn]+ t;s+ excited vg](' . ufl; &x\of+ jgfRjg j ;sl;+of Fg jgfM !'!' ofo\u' w>u' lj,fono\ !nkmn ofof+M ukm ofof+ j gfk+ Jo] xfnf t:;s+ &x\of>k'Is "Mu' of1fo\ l=lk+ &x\of+jgf . on+ $jkM ;f+ufM Dg]kfM w'lnv]nM kf+'vfn ='=@+ (f]nfn<fEM vf+(+'f/) ='ofM "f;o\ "f;o\ l(sfM RofM =f gof l&xg]l;of sl)D ]N33 D=] lt l=lk+ &x\of>k'u' "fo\ (f]nvfo\ Bog . &x\of>k':;] Rj+u' jftfj)9fo\ of1f ofo\ ('u'ln+ 4M 6 <9Ef tfxfsMu' of1f Ij'fMu' x] 'fM . "f;o\ Bog] ;ft "Mlk+ Rjg]t j&(f]j:t ofgftMu' "f;o\ "Mu' ;f fg l(sfM knv Ff)f ofgf RjRj+ Fg l=l u' FKoogoft Ujfxfln ofo\t t%k) ='ofl(lk+ Fgof ]M : Jx jfl;&(ft l=l t gfknfM emfn . jo\sMlk+ gfk knv vFNxfDNxf ofgfM l=lk+ u-'k u-'k !'E] ofgfM jo\sMlklgu' No@No@ jgf . Fgofu' "+"+ "fo\jfo\M As]ofu' x%jM Fgofu' =gljGjf;t gfk+ Fg j;f]jf; ofgfRj+lk+ g@t gfk+ vFNxfDNxf ofof+M >l u' Df)o\ =fgsf)+ sfsf+M ljle&g ls+j(&t+t &o+&o+ &x\of+ jj+ Lf] $o'+;] Rj+u' x] 'fo\s l=lk+ ;Isn]+ 'fMlxnf . "g 'flxnfDno\ l=tM "goflk+ g@t t:;s+ ;)nM ;f]emf j Ujfxfln ofo\t t%k) =@lk+M gfk+ ]xgt+ tfof . ;Isl;g+ l=l ;+ &ogfu' x)]s k-Ggoft ofAFs "fs' 'f;]M emsf]8 'f;] &#of>k'Is sgfl(n . "'s]+ofgfM l=lk+ ;sn]+ emg A%;flxt ='n . vFNxfDNxfofu' 1m o\ "goflk+ g]jfMto\;+ Nxfu' efo\ lj:tf)+ &og wf;fM "'>s] km@ t) o]FM ono\ Nxfo\u' g]jfMefo\ :jof+ elt'f kfM . As]+ "gofu' g]jfMef,ffo\ "Mu' x] f/lnskgf vg](' . ""] 'fMx\o@x\o@+ Dxg+ ='>sf l=lk+ "M Rjgfu' xf]Eno\ lnxf+ jofM =f go\ l;wo\;ft+ (\ogf !\jof . s&x\ov'&x' ;'"&xfkf+ (gf tof) ='of . wfl 8s Ff:"fofu' sf)9f+ l=lk+ kf;flk+ !u' u-'k 'gfM (f]nvf le&Lf]

(.8g ofMjgf . (.8g ofgfM lnxf+ jofMRof %jgfRj+Rj+ Fg l=l t Ujfxfln of>lk+ (f>lk+ S ls=flk+ Bo+sM emfn . Fn] "M"Moft 7j"nftMu' lj,fos"+ u-'lkf ofgfM "Mu' l);'8ofu' Pof ofo\t &x\of+ jgf . u'?DfMlk+M l);f];8 k;8glk+ gfk+ !nkmn ofgfM ljle&g Ef]nEf]n 'fMlxnfM ljle&g g@to\s] "Mofu' go\ jMu' &x\o;Mt tofM Fn] >l ;+ Ro@u' =jfkmt lEkf]E ofgf xof . FKoogof l.nl.nfo\ l=l ;+ "gof lj,fo oIsf] x] &x@&x'u' vF l;n . "gof ljle&g Ef]nof gf+M F"]x] "gofu' =f1fM ;+:sCltM =ft=ft+ Ffl(to\ Df)] oIj dfg sfo\kmt . FKoog 1m o\ l=tM Xnf]sf]k'f)Y lj,fo nfMu''ln+ l=+ lj.],f "gofu' k-f"l s Ak'f) kUt+M "gofu' =gljGjf; Ffl(of Df)] lj.],f Kofg lDofM &x\o;Mt tofM As]of Df)] kmHn] oIsf] dfg '+s]u' s'tM ofgf . As]+ l=tM "goflk+ jCUlg;]+ :to\;+ tIs+ "Jx+ :o@M ofgfM jofRj+u' kUt+tM "Mlk&;+ ljGjf; ofgfu' vFt t:;s+ v'.+;f"M "fs' 'f;] sgfl(nM As]of nflu jo\sMlk+ ;Isl;t ;'efo\ lDs+ Rjg] km> v' . "goflk+ FKkf] g@to\; "f/+ tIs g+ k'nf+u' kUt+ u"]s+ j/LM wf + emfs-+M Lf] f Iog]u'M emf)km's ofo\u'M Df/to\u'M !\jf;o\ jfo\u'M ljle&g =l;j'E+t fnf jf;Mof ?ko\ k-of]u ofo\u'M F"]x] !]+ x] (>u' ;f fgt !\o\nf jf;M ofo]u'M km+ofkmHn] k-f"l s Ak'f)+ x] Njo\ n+s]u' ofgfM jofRj+u' (' . FKoog 1m ;fkx] &x\of>k'Is Ij'fn . "Mlk+; + '+sfxofu' lj,fono\ u'?DfMM u'? f+M kf;flk+ln;] !nkmn ofgfM As] ufM 'fMu' Df)] u'?lk+;+ oIsf] ;'emfj lDofl(n u's]ofgf "k Ujfxfln ='n . kf;flk&;+ g+ "Mlk&;+ &ogfjofu'M "lk&t sgfxu' Ak'f) kUt+ j jf;Mof ?ko\ !\olnu' l'=tou' Df)] g+ sgfl(n . km';8( elt'f (ts+ Fg "Mlk+ gfk+ ('lk+ Fgof jfl;&(fto\t &x\o;Mt tofM "k =fgsf)+ sfo\u' s'tM ofgf . Bjx] 1m + lg&x'o+s &x\of>k'Is lDt]ofgf . jx] 1m o\ l=lk+ l1k')f;'&()+ (]uMM "+"+ "f;o\ ('u' l'DfMLf]tM F"]x] ]lk+ (]j(]j+lk+u' l&() 'fx\o'x\o'+M u'Dn]+ "xf+jgfM u'Dn]+ Ijfxf+ jgf Fgofu' k-fsClts ;f/&(o8tfofu' ); sfsf+ ljto\ ofgf . Fg+ln lnkf "lk&t Ujfxfn+ ofgfl(k++ ;Isl;tg+ !u' j'fw+u' sfo81m tof w&ojf( RoHm ofgf+ lnxf+ jof . "goflk+

jfl;&(fto\;+ "Mlk&t 7o'u@ Flt"+ ;%sf)M ;xof]u j g - Rojxf)+ ofgfM l=lk+ ;sl;g+ jo\sMlk&t ('g'un+lg;]+ ;'efo\ lDof . s&xo\ v'&x' ;sn] !u@ &x\of>k'u' n' l&t PjgfM "M"Mu' !]Fo+\ lnxf+ jof . ;'efo\ .

nf].jf%f{ bf]nvfo /ljgf dxh{g em+u' g]kfnef,ff s]&(-+o ljefu ` N`N &xfkf+u' (F kfv] ='' nf]sjftf8 ;j]80f9f ZZTT of jno\ (f]nvf jg]u' PofjM ='n . (f]nvfof jftfj)9f "g em+"fo\ o]Fof Dftfj)9fl;j+ oIj x] jf+nfM . Fgof u'FM D'F v'l; "fo\jfo\ &#of>k';]Rj+ . (f]nvfof ef,ffM )xg;xgM k].fM w 8M snfM ; +:sCt "fo\jfo\of "Mu' x] kxofu' Jx;+sf (' . "Mu' (f]nvf g]jfMefoM k)Jk)fM ;+:sClt j @No f&otf FfMts &#ofsfjofRj+u' (lg . Fgof "fo\M efo\M ;+:sClt j k)Jk)fof FKoo\\g t;s+ x] FMk'n . "+ "+ sfo81m + oIj x] vFt ;+s]u' f/sf '@nft . k-l;U le ]Gj) l&()[(f]nvf le ;]g\of (.8g (t . F"]x] Fgof "fo"f;o\ ('u' (]uMt k.'kltM jgf);M :joJe@M V='Q+M l1k')f;'&()+M gf)fo9f"fgof (.8g ofMjgf . (f]nvf+ u9f]. lx fnM tf fsf].+ v'.+M 'l)sf]E ;() @sf j u'FM D'Ft t;s+ x] Df+nfs vg] (' . Bjx] ns;+ (f]nvf "fo\ Flt &#of>k';] Rj+u' "fo\ ='u' (' .

bf]nvfof !d"f ,f/nf


;l gf Q],O ljN;+N2345.ZZ.2: ut] .'1mjf) s'&x' l=lk+ &xfkf+u' (Fof 7jl (Ij nf]sjftf8of lj,fo F&tu8t Practicalof lglt+ (f]nvf e- 9f jMlgu' PofvF ='n . "'u' e- 9fof @ Ag]Go vM Fgof nf]s

k-(.8gsnfM ef/lts ;+:sClt j ;f fl=sM Ffl"8s j ef/uf]lns Fj:"fof jf)] kmof+kmIj =fgsf)+ sfo\u' vM . .'1mjf) ;'"o\ 6 tf >no (Ij 7jl lk+M l.0fslk+ sn]=o\ e]nf ='ofM s)+D 5 D=] of1f .'? ='n . nFof =j+ vj+ ;'&() (CGoM (f]nvfof ;kmfu' kmo\M w'Fjf w'nf] 'Hm jftfj)9f vg]('Dno o]Fof k-('l,ftM sf]nfxnk@9f8M :jlguM oft x] nf] gfjg . wf%"+] :ju8o\ jg] "]+ ='n . Fno\ ufl;> ('g] Funny JokesM Fun ukm Fno )f=;)of v+M Njo\ Ffl(of dfg =s v';] +('"] ofu' ukmM &xfkfofu' <E\gfof =fgsf)+ Fno\ t'n;+ ;)of k'nf+u' g]kfn ef,ffof Jo]M ;')0ff e;]8; .f]efn0 +of F&tf0f)+ Ffl( g+ 6SW <9Efof ufl;of of1f u"] ofgfM l;wn l;s] km' . u&tRo :"n (f]nvfo\ u"] Bog l;n . (f]nvf Bo+sfM l=l t Fgof u&o f&o 7olHm .f&tsC,9f Q],O M e)t Q],OM Ffl( gfk+ kl)'o ='n . Fno\ josM gfk+ (f]nvf ufF 'fM#o@jgfu' ='n . JxM l:t,s %ofg';f+ (f]nvf 'fMlxn]u' nf]e+ %ofg'u' x] tgfjg . (Ij kf;flk+ gfk+ j:t+ 'fM#o' jgf . (f]nvfof >ltxf;M Fgof )xg;xgM efoM jf:t'snfM ;+:sCltof jf)] fn] kmIj fnf . jx] l;nl;nfo\ Fg Rj+u' lR!&(-gf" =f1fM &ofo\s+u' vF &ogfu' nf l=tM knv F'J j 'lst ='n . !fowf;f D'+uLMof =f1f nf o]FM ono\ =s &ofos+u' wsfM :o'u' vM . "g jof l=u' Bj Misconcept g+ kl)jt8g ='n . "gof lR!&(-gf"of =f1fof )" g+ Z T tNnfof (os+u' Fno\ Fg Rj+u' "fxf jg]u' Ijxf jg]u' kfM'f ('u' nFo =f1f ofou' wsfM nf u"] ofgfM FPofu' tw+u' )" ;fnf =f1f of>u' wsfM FfG'o8 ='n . lnkf vF &o&o+ jgfDno\ ZT tNnfof Z T l)+uof s)+D Z.ZS2 tNnfof Lengthof )" kf/ =f1f of>u' wsfM l;n . lg&x' ('v'&x xfsg+ l=lk+ "M"u' lj,fo u"] ls gvM'vMof lj,fo F&t8ut Resource Person gfknfMjgf . josMofs] kmof+kmIj

gvM'vMof Df)]o\ =fgsf)+ sofM Fno\ lnkf Fgof :"flgo jfl;&(fofs] gvM'vMof Df)] =fgsf)+ ;+sng ofgf . jx] l.nl;nfo\ !Jx l ;fofs] &#o;M ln;M ofgfDno[F&tjftf8 sofjno\\ jo\sMofu' (%of ('Jx 'foft 'sn]t lDof . Fno\ jof f+g+ (f]nvfn+ efo Xw&ojf( wfY wsfM wof :ogfRo@u' tfof . l=tM !u' <E\gf n' l&t jn . (f]nvf jg] lg&x' &#oM sn]=+ lnxf+jofDno\ nFo\ !Jx Pof"M jof !o\oft 'sn]t lDn . Fno\ j 'foft Thank you wfn Fno\ j+ 'foft Thank You wfM wsf :ogfRj+u' vM . DPo] "]+ PofJx g@ "u' ef,ffk-ltof ljtC,9ff j "u' ef,f+ &x'u' Generation oft g+ :og] fu' w/u' dfg "gRj+lk+ g@tot "Mu' efo\of l;j+ Ffofltt efo\ F+u-]=+ k-lt nufj &x@u' Generationoft ef,ffM snfM ;+:sCltk-lt lj(].+ ;+:sClt efo\ ./n+ Pj+u' j (f]nvfo\ k'nf+u' k@:tf+ Ro@u' ;fx; vgfM l=tM wf%"]+ ('Mv tfn . Feelings ('g'un+lg;] x] 7jngfjn . lg,s,f8o\ (f]nvf e- 9f oIj x] dfg 'ns Fno &#of>k'u' e9f ='nM Fno\ &x@u' "f;o\ 'fM#o'jgfu' Fj;) j "fo\jfo\of =fgsf)+ sfou' Fj;) g+ l n]='n . "Pofu' e- 9f lnkf lnkf g+ ='> fM . ""]x] e- 9f+ Practical ourse of !core ofu' lglt+ =s v' &x@u' "fo\of jf)] =fgsf)+ sfo\u' =s g+ v';] Fem "riends gfk+ Fem !trong j <lg,Etf j ;Jj&w g+ ljsf; ='>u' v . Jx :o@lk+ RolHm Jxl;s]u' :o@lk+&t ;+s]u' Al u' lose relation de#elop ofo\u' .'e Fj;) g+ vM . "=fMu' lsl; of e- 9fof lnRjM t;s+ x] Df+nfM =@ .

.f !]of k01n& of ;'$%nf l(ns' f)+ x=8g

"f/+l;j] v'(F &#oM f< lxgf l=l !Jx kf;f+ l=l lglgofu' !]F ;'&tnf gjlgu'nf wsf !u' &#o; &og]j+ l= Po' wsf wof . .lgjf s'&x' l=lk+ lgJx+ kf;flk+ kf;fof lglgof"fo\ ;'&tnf gjlgu' wsf kf;f+ jof Dfofs] &o+Dno\ Aln l! tfkf"fo\ lgJx'f l :t g+ jlgu'nf wsf 7jM 7o@uln+ kf;f sfl&!Jx lglg g+ l=lk+gfk+ j>u' ='n . l=lk+ :jJx kf;fof lglgkf='of ufl;> jlgu' lg9f8o='n . l=+ kf;foft lemlk+ lgJx=s jlgDno\ Jxf>k';] Rjlg wsf ]lk+ lgJx kf;flk&t g+ wfou' wsf wfoj+ j+ Po@ wsfn . l= !Jx kf;foft kmf]g ofgf j+ g+ Po@ wfn . Fno\ j+ g+ ]Jx !Jx kf;foft kmf]g ofgf jg+ Po' jo wfn . 'Is+ l=lk+ &ofJx kG"n+ jlgu' vF Ijl!gf . l=t 'f#o'jlgu' wfnls '!\!+ x] &#oM j> v' . Av's'&x' g+ ""]x] ='n . ;'"o\ lvA+Dno\ x] l= (gf kf;fofu' !]F jgfM Fgnf ;'Fx] (Fx] (lg vlg . l=+ joft ;tf "gf l=lk+ :jJx ufl;> Rjgf . lgJx kf;f lk+ Bo+s j . Fno\ l=+ kf;foft kmf]g ofgfjno\ l=lk+ jof Rjgfu' (' wfn . F"] wfjno\ Df>E ao'') :s'no\ Bog] w'+s'u' ufl; l(sf n+lkofM knv lnkf Alk+ g+ Bo+sjn . kf;fof lglg ufl;> &#oMg] Rj+u' l;E\o RjgM l=lk+ k]Jx vf'fot $j)oM s'g] "]+ g]kfn E]lns ofu' ufl;ofu' lnAg] Rjgf . l=lk &#of>k';] Rj+u' Jo] xfnfM IjfM sgf jj+ kf;fofu' lglgof !]F Bo+u' nf 'f x] 'f . l=lk+ Femnf l=lk ug jg] %ogfu' wsf g+ :o@"]+ tfn . l= "'ln=s :o@ls l= kf;fof lg+gof"fo\ ;'&tnf g jg] %ogfu' . l=lk+ Fg Bo+sf kf;fof lglgofs] &o+Dno ltlg l= j kfl;lk+ Bo+u' "fo kG"n+ Bo+u' vlg;f wsf em;+u jg . Aln !]Ft g ?u' "foM !vf lgvf =s !]F ('M ;'&tnfof <f)+=sM l=lk+ Fg jgf oIj x] &#of>k'nM j &#of>k's'u' 0f9f l=+ u'Dno\ g] Nj +sf Nj +s]km> "] Rj+ . l=lk+ Fg Bo+sf &xfkf+ bfR'f %ofg' n+sf Fno\ ;'"o\ =';f+ ;'&tnf g+ gofM ;'&tnf vf]nf $jft'u' ='of

gsf gfof ;'&tnf"]+ Aln ;f . l=lk+ Rof %jgf xfsg+ knv lnkf =f gof ;'&tnf <f)+ 'f#o@jgf . oIj ;'&tnf (of nf g+ :o@ !uM lgu vfgf g;f ;'gfg+ 7j lD> v' vlg . l=lk+ ;'&tnf gof kmf]Ef] sof &#of>k'sf Rjgf . lskf sfo\u' jno em)gfo\ jgf sfjgfu' >no Njxto\ ''n'of em9;/ sf]o\ v'l. s't'jg]%o+u'M xtkt+ kf;f+ Pjgf ;fnfsfu'ln+ s't'+ jg t'ltRj+u' f>nf klt+'f s]8='n . l=lk+ emgf8M v'.+M =+un (IjM 'flxnf lskf sof &#of>k'sf . Fno lnxfjg]t lglgofs] lD(fsfjgf . Fg (Ij kl)jf) gfk+ RRfgf lskf g+ sof . nFo ;'&tnf g g+ x'+ wsf kf;fof lglgg+ !u' l! emf]nf ;'&tnf tof ljofxn . l=lk+ Fg + lnxfjof kl&t kfj) xfA; j lemlg(Fof s) ]nf='>"fo\ (]uno 'flxnf lskft sof\ oIj x] &#of>k'sf Fg+ k&t+ j;kfs8+ o]+ j>8u' D;o\ Rjgf jof . l=lk+ j;o\ g ;'&tnf j s's')] gof Jo] xfnf &#of>k'sf jofDno nf+ o]+ ofsg x] Bo+ "] tfn . D;kf8so\ Ijfjo\ w'+sf "fgsf]E jlgu' D;o Rjgf . "g :s'no\ vF Nxf+ Nxf+ Jo] xfF xf+ l&xnf l&xnf jofRjgfu'nf D; *'+uf F;\;fo Bo+Dno `Isf;+ j; l(s'Dno\ l=lk+ FP=' 'fn . lkg] :jofu'nf !u E^s+ f]E);f>snoft OIs) gsf l ;f !Jx l;gfRj+u' vg . gsltg+ x] ('<8Egfo nfu' "] Rj+ . l= j (CGo+ l=u' l vfo\ $jD+ ju' jofx] 'fnM F"];f+ g'uoft l'gf ;'+s RjgfRjgfM kf;lk&;+ g "=fu' <E\gf l&x+"+ x] ='ofRjlg lem;+ l'&tf sof !'x] ='> v' wsf wfn . Fg lnkf knv ufl; =f ='nM Fno l=lk+ Rjgfu' D; g+ &#oftM ufl;> x] j (CGo :jof l=lk+ ''k'fk Rjgf . g/sfko\ (Ij kf;flk+ IjxfjofM Dxg+ lvA;] Rjg] w'+s'u'n+ l=t lj,9f'(]j+ l&() ts kf;flk&;+ t jnM Fno\ (Ij kf;flk+ ""u' !] lnxfjg . l= !]+ jof l=+ l;ns+ !]+lnIs RjJx (f>oft lnkfnfsf ju' f]E);f>nsoft E^s+ OIs) gsf Bj <E\gf ='u' vlg . josoft g+ E^s OIs) gs'u' vlg . josofu' (.f Df+nfgf f]E);f>sn n+of l;"] Ujt'nf f]E);f>sn =s :og vlg;f . sg]v'&x Bj <E\gf j l=u' klt+ s]8='of :s'no x] jg] km't . FftIsM g+ l=t *'+uf F;\;fo

Bogls jx] <E\gf n' gf Uofgf Rjlg . Bj of1f FftIs g+ l=u' l vfo\ j <E\gf n' gfRjgM n' gfRjg M .

You might also like