Chng 1 Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Chng 1 Tng quan v Revit v BIM

A. M u
I. Gii thiu
Revit Architecture l mt phn mm dng cho ngnh thit k kin trc ca hng AutoDesk c sn xut theo khuynh hng BIM. Ni dung ca chng ny l trnh by nhng kin thc c bn ngi s dng bit c Revit Architecture lm c g v lm nh th no cho minh khi s dng n,

II.

Mc ch

Sau khi hon tt nghin cu v thc hnh chung ny, ngi s dng s Hiu c thit k kin trc vi s h tr ca my tnh theo khuynh hng BIM. Bc u quen thuc vi giao din v c im hot ng ca Revit Architecture Mt s thao tc c bn trong vic thit k mt cng trnh kin trc Ban u hnh thnh mt phong cch t duy thit k vi my tnh l cng c h tr tht s ch my tnh ch thay bt thc trong qu trnh lm vic.

B. Ni dung
I. Lch s ca Revit Building
i vi nhng ngi lam thit k kin truc cua Vit Nam , cac phn mm cua Hang AutoDesk la kha quen thuc. Ho khng xa la gi vi cac phn mm nh ACAD, 3D Studio, 3D Max, 3D Viz . . . Sau hn mt thp nin s dung , ho a quen thuc n xem nh y la nhng phn mm c ban cho nganh thit k xy dng . Hin nay, phn ln cac c s ao tao nganh thit k kin truc vn con tip tuc day phn mm ACAD nh la phn mm chuyn nganh. Phn mm ACAD cho cng vic thit k kin trc trong th ky 21 c hiu qu hay khng? C l chng ta nghe ni n nhng phn mm khc nh Architectural Desktop, Micro Station, ArchiCad . . . ca nhiu hng khc nhau. Vy th ta nn chn phn mm no cho cng vic thit k hin nay. Tht ra, mi phn mm u c u khuyt im ring ca mnh. Vn t ra khng phi l phn mm no hay hay d, m mi c nhn u phi t mnh tm ra phn mm thch hp cho cng vic hng ngy. tng chnh xc cho vic chn la ny, chung ta se xem lai lich s phat trin cac phn mm cua hang AutoDesk a phat hanh cho nganh thit k xy dng.

1. Cac phn mm cua hang AutoDesk cho nganh thit k kin truc
a. Khai nim v CAD CAD la vit tt cua cum t Computer Aided Design (may tinh tr giup thit k ) ng thi cung la c mun cua con ngi trong thi ai tin hoc. Noi chung, thit k la mt cng vic cua nhiu nganh ngh khac nhau . Tuy nhin , i vi nganh thit k xy dng thi iu o

Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

ban u c hiu nh la s xut hin cua hinh anh trn man hinh theo y mun cua ngi s dung. tao lp mt hinh anh trn man hinh, my tinh da vao 2 nguyn ly cua ngnh ton hnh hoc : Nguyn ly cua hinh hoc c in : hinh anh la tp hp cac im . Da vao nguyn ly nay se co hinh anh dang raster. y la dang hinh anh cui cng c to thnh bi cac phn mm nh 3D Max, 3D Viz . . . Mt im cua hinh anh c biu thi trn man hinh bng mt pixel . Mt pixel c quan ly bi cc thuc tnh nh vi tri, mau sc . . . Vi vy, mt hinh anh co kich thc hinh hoc cang ln thi s pixel cang nhiu , keo theo yu c u nhiu ti nguyn ca phn cng quan ly thng tin. H qua l dung lng file cang ln , phn mm s x l chm Hinh raster thng co nhng u im c ban la : mau sc va tao hinh phong phu gn vi thc t. Nguyn ly cua hinh hoc giai tich : hinh anh la thi cua mt ham s y = f(x). Da vao nguyn ly nay se co hinh anh dang vector . y la dang hinh anh c tao ra bi phn mm nh ACAD Mt hinh anh vector c quan ly bng mt ham s va mt vai thng s . Do o , du kich thc hinh anh ln hay nho cung khng anh hng nhiu n dung lung file. Hinh vector th ng co nhng c im : n sc , tao hinh kem phong phu so vi hinh raster. Co th tao hinh phong phu hn , nhng vi cn nhiu ham s hoc ham s bc cao nn dn n la dung lng file tng theo , nhng vn khng ln bng hnh raster cng mt ni dung. Vy ngi lam thit k kin truc s dung loai phn mm nao, kt qua la hinh raster hay vector, cho cng vic hng ngay cua minh ? Cu tra li la ca hai. C vector ln raster, tuy thuc vao giai oan nao trong qua trinh thit k : qu trnh thit k cc khng gian chc nng, vector hiu qu hn; qu trnh nghin cu vt liu v mu, raster hiu qu hn. Bn canh o, ngoai nhng hinh anh thy c trn man hinh la thng tin hinh hoc (graphic information), ngi lam thit k kin truc con cn n nhng thng tin khng phai la hinh anh gi l thng tin phi hnh hc (non-graphic information ) nh din tich , th ti ch, khi lng . . . cua cng vic ma ho ang lam. Xem hinh 1.B.I.1a Da trn nhng thng tin phi hnh hc, khng ch ngnh thit k cng trnh m cc b mn lin quan n mt d n nh ti chnh, qun l d n . . . s khai thc thc c th cho cng vic ca mnh phc v d n.

Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

V d : hin nay, Vit Nam chng ta, kh c mt d n no c th a ra tng vn u t mt cch chnh xc. C nhiu nguyn nhn, nhng nguyn nhn ch yu l khu thit k khng c mt cng c tnh ton khi lng thit k mt cc nhanh chng v ng tin cy m hu nh da hon ton vo con ngi. Nu ngi thit k s dng cc phn mm theo khuynh hng BIM thit k th khi lng s c tnh ton mt cch t ng v hon tan chnh xc theo nhng g xut hin trn mn hnh.

Hinh 1.B.I.1 Trn c s hai phng thc hnh thnh nh trn, cc phn mm CAD to lp cc hnh thc xut hin gm : Surface Model : Ruled Surfaces Solid Modeling NURB Surface Modeling Parametric Modeling Xem hnh 1.B.I.2

Surface Models

Ruled Surface

Solid Modeling Hnh 1.B.I.2

NURB Surface Modeling

Parametric Modeling

Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Trong 5 thnh phn c bn trn th Solid Modeling v Parametric Modeling c ngnh thit k kin trc s dng nhiu hn c. Modelling c m hnh ho thnh cc m hnh di y : Box : khi hp Cylinder : khi tr Cone : khi nn Torus : khi vng xuyn Wedge : khi hnh nm Sphere : khi cu

Box

Cylinder

Cone

Wedge

Torus Hnh 1.B.I.3

Sphere

T cc m hnh c bn v da trn nguyn l ca bin hnh Morphology, mt s lnh c dng to hnh theo tr tng tng ngi s dng. Da vao nhng yu t va cp trn y , hng AutoDesk a ln lt xut ban nhng phn mm khc nhau cho ngnh thit k xy dng. b. Cac phn mm cho nganh thit k xy dng cua hang AutoDesk Trong nhng nm 90, ACAD l phn mm c ngi thit k kin trc s dng ph bin nht khi thit k hnh hc vector (m nh im l ACAD R.14 hin nay l phin bn 2008), v 3D Max (nh im l phin bn 5.0, hin nay l phin bn 9.0)
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 4 Nguyn Phc Thin

Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

khi thit k hnh hc raster. y c xem nh l nhng phn mm ng dng cng ngh th nht l CAD. Nhn vo hin trng s dng ti Vit Nam, ACAD c s dng nh l mt cng c v k thut. CAD ch c ngha nh l Computer Aided Drawing. Mt s ngi c kh nng lp trnh bng AutoLisp pht trin thm mt s lnh chuyn ngnh kn trc. Tuy nhin, s pht trin ny cng khng th hn na v thiu nhng c s php l mang tnh v m. iu ny c th hin c th qua s vic l n nay Vit Nam vn cha c mt quy chun v t tn Layer (Hip Hi Kin Trc S Hoa K ban hnh tiu chun ny t nm 1994). Trc khi xut bn ACAD 2000, AutoDesk c th nghim mt phin bn 14.1 gi tn l Architectural Desktop. Phn mm ny l s kt hp gia phn mm Acad v AEC (truc y ca hng SoftDesk). y l phin bn dnh ring cho ngi tht k kin trc. Ngi s dng n nhn phin bn ny mt cc nng nhit v h thy rng y ng l mt phn mm CAD ng ngha (Computer Aided Design). Tuy nhin, cng s dng h cng thy thiu nhng cng c cn thit. AutoDesk tip tc pht trin cho n phin bn Architectural Desktop 2006 c xem nh l phin bn c s dng ph bin nht. n nhng nm u th k 21, ngi thit k kin trc trn th gii s dng Architectural Desktop cho thit k Vector v Viz Render cho thit k raster hoc dng trc tip v 3D Viz nu ch mun to c kt qu thit k kin trc bng hnh raster. Hin nay, Architectural Desktop s dng phin bn 2008. y l nhng ng dng ca cng ngh th 2 gi l cng ngh CAD Objects. Architectural Desktop l mt phn mm c pht trin da trn nn ca phn ACAD nhng theo hng BIM (Building Information Modelling xem phn gii thch bn di). Vi phn mm ny, ngi thit k kin trc thay i hn cch lm vic ca mnh. H khng cn phi lm vic nh khi dng phn mm ACAD (phng php lm vic nh vi bt thc). H khng phi nghin cu i tng bng mt bng, mt ng, mt ct . . . m ch nghin cu han tan trn hnh 3D. Tt c nhng thng tin hnh hc nh mt bng, mt ng, mt ct . . . hay thng tin phi hnh hc nh khi lng thit k, s lng vt t . . . u c trch xut t ng t m hnh 3D. CAD ca ngnh thit k kin trc tr thnh mt b mn mi ca ngnh tin hc v mang tn CAADD (Computer Aided Architectural Design and Database). Tuy nhin, do da trn phn mm ACAD nn Architectual Desktop c nhng hn ch nh : mt s chi tit kin trc (nh mi vm) khng th c phn mm thit k t ng theo hng BIM c; mun s dng phn mm phi s dng c ACAD; nm bt c chng trnh phc v cho cng vic thit k khng phi l mt vic d dng. Ngai ra, s hiu bit su sc v y mt s lnh nh Pedit, Line, Poyline, Xef . . . ca Acad l rt cn thit s dng c Architectural Desktop.

Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

C l rng, y chnh l nguyn nhn nhng ngi thit k kin trc ca Vit Nam tuy thy c nhng li ch qu thit thc ca Architectuarl Desktop cho cng vic ca mnh, nhng s dng kh hn ch. n u nm 2006, vi phin bn 9 ca Revit Building, ngi thit k kin trc trn th gii c mt cng c kh l tng cho cng vic hng ngy ca mnh. Tuy l mt sn phm ca mt hng phn mm quen thuc l AutoDesk, nhng ngi thit k kin trc Vit Nam rt t bit n. C nhiu nguyn nhn, nhng c l nguyn nhn quan trng nht l khng n mt trong nhng c s l lun quan trng Revit Architecture xut hin v nhn c s n nhn nng nhit ca th gii l khuynh hng BIM trong ngnh cng nghip xy dng. Vi Revit Building, ngi s dng khng cn phi hc Acad, 3D Max . . . m ch cn bit nhng kin thc c bn tin hc l p ng c yu cu hc. 2. Revit Building va cac phn mm thit k xy dng a. Khuynh hng BIM trong nganh cng nghip xy dng BIM (Building Information Modeling m hnh thng tin xy dng) l mt khuynh hng ng i ca ngnh cng nghip xy dng ca mt s quc gia m c th l M. y l mt hng i c tnh bt buc theo ngh ca BOMA (Building Operater Manager Association Hip hi nhng nh vn hnh v qun l cng trnh xy dng). Trong thi i tin hc, nhng ngi ca BOMA khng coi h s thit k ch c gi tr trong giai an xy dng cng trnh m cn phi l mt vn kin c s qun l v vn hnh cng trnh khi cng trnh c a vo hat ng. i vi h vic c mt h s thit k l qu phc tp v phi cn n nhng kin thc chuyn mn ca ngnh xy dng. V vy, h yu cu phi c mt m hnh 3D (h s d c v d hiu hn) gn nhng thng tin cn thit vo , khi cn h s truy xut nhng thng tin hoc t c nhng thng tin mi. b. Cng ngh PBM Cng ngh PBM (Parametric Building Model M hnh cng trnh xy dng c cha thng s) c AutoDesk a ra v gi l cng ngh th 3 phn bit vi cng ngh CAD (th 1) v CAD Objects (cng ngh th 2). Vi cng ngh ny th mt gi gii php c Autidesk a Revit Architecture phc v ngnnh thit k xy dng : Revit Building l mt phn mm dng cho chuyn ngnh thit k kin trc, Revit Structure l phn mm thit k kt cu t cc d liu do cc phn mm phn tch kt cu Robot, Etabs, Risa. . . a Revit Architecture theo chun IFC. Revit MEP l phn mm thit k MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) Cc phn mm theo cng ngh th 1 v 2 nu mun lm vic c theo gi gii php ny cn thng qua Revit.

Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Revit Building c kh nng to hnh khi dng cng nh cc chi tit phong ph v linh ng hn nhiu so vi cc phn mm CAD. Ngoi ra, khi s dng phn mm thuc cng ngh PBM, nhng vic nh thng k khi lng (gch, xi mng, thp, vn khun . . . ni chung l nhng vt liu c mt trong cng trnh xy dng) s c phn mm t ng sn sinh. H s thit k k thut c phn mm qun l mt cch chc ch v chnh xc. V khng ch c vy, ngi s dng c c tt c nhng thng tin hnh hc v phi hnh hc ca cng trnh ti bt thi im k ca qu trnh xy dng. V nhng c im ny, mt s nh chuyn mn v xy dng gi y l phn mm 4D (3D + chiu thi gian). Bn cnh , Revit Building l mt trong nhng phn mm him hoi ca ngnh thit k kin trc lm vic theo c hai nh dng nh vector v raster, tc x l nhanh, chim dung lng a cng thp, ch cn c trnh tin hc cn bn (nh Microsoft Word, chi nhng game n gin) ch khng cn bit s dng ACAD (mt yu cu quan trng khi hc Architectural Desktop). Ch S dng Revit Building, ngi thit k kin trc khng ch c mt h s thit k k thut m cn c h s trnh din nh cc phi cnh ni ngai tht cng trnh bt k gc no, ti bt k v tr a l no, vo bt k thi im vo trong nm, cc an phim chuyn ng.

Hnh 1.B.I.4

Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Cc phn mm ca hng AutoDesk c mt c im gi l Mid-Price Software (phn mm gi trung bnh. C nhng phn mm c vi tnh nng vt tri ca cc hng khc, nhng i vi hiu qu kinh t trong thit k th AutoDesk vn c coi l s la chn hang u. n nay, ACAD c 17 phin bn c pht hnh (mi nht l ACAD 2008), 7 phin bn c 7 phin bn c pht hnh (mi nht l ADT 2008) trong sut qu trnh tn ti ca mnh trong hn 20 nm. Revit Building ch mi hnh thnh v xut hin trong 4 nm gn y, nhng cng c n 4 phin bn v phin bn mi nht tn l Revit Architecture 2008. Qua y chng ta cng thy r gi tr ca Revit Architecture trong ngnh cng nghip ngy nay trn th gii. Vic s dng Revit Architecture Vit nam trong giai an hin nay v sp n cn c khuyn khch. c c cng mt kt qu, vic hc tp s dng Revit Architecture ch chim thi gian hc cc phn mm khc. Ngai Revit Architecture, nng sut lm vic s tng t nht 400% i vi nhng ngi ang lm vic vi nhng phn mm hin dung. Nh vy vic s dng Revit Architecture khng ch l mt yu cu ca ring bn thn ngnh thit k kin trc m cn l yu cu ca ngnh thit k xy dng c th lm vic theo hnh thc TeamWork.

II. Cu trc v c im ca Revit Architecture

Sau khi khi ng chng trnh, giao din nh hnh v 1.B.II.1.B. Chng ta nhn xt rng giao din tng t nh giao din ca phn mm Microsoft Word. C 9 thnh phn cu to nn giao din ca Revit Building gm : Menu, Tool Bar, Option Bar, Type Selector, Design bar, Project Browser, Status Bar, View Control Bar v Drawing Area. Di y s kho st bit chc nng tng qut ca tng thnh phn

Hnh 1.B.II.1
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 8 Nguyn Phc Thin

Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

1. Giao din cua Revit Architecture a. Menu :

Hnh 1.B.II.2 : Menu Gm c 10 ct lnh, bn trong cc ct lnh cha cc lnh c ghi bng ch. Cu trc ny tng t nh chng trnh Micropsoft Window hay Excel (v d cc ct lnh File, Edit, Window, Help). T cc ct lnh ny, ngi s dng c th truy nhp gn nh tan b cc lnh b. Tool Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.3 : Tool Bar y l ni cha cc nhm lnh nh l nhng cng c thi cng trong cng trng xy dng. Nu bit qua ACAD hay ADT th ngi s dng s cm thy quen thuc. Tuy nhin, so vi 2 phn mm trn th nhm Tool Bar ny c ni dung hat ng phong ph hn rt nhiu. c. Option bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.4 : Option Bar Sau khi chn c lnh th y l ni chn cc c tnh ca cc chi tit kin trc m ta mun a vo cng trnh. d. Type Selector :

Hnh 1.B.II.5 : Type Bar

Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 9 Nguyn Phc Thin

Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

L ni chn s khc nhau (nh kch thuc, chng lai . . ) cho mi t hp chi tit kin trc (nh ca, tung . . . ) m ngi s dng mun a vo thit k ca mnh. Nhng c tnh ca mi t hp nh vy c gi l Properties. e. Design Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.6 : Design bar y l ni th 3 m ngi s dng c th s dng truy nhp gn nh cc lnh chn la cc thnh phn ca mt cng trnh v c phn chia thnh 8 nhm : Basic View Modelling Draft Rendering Site Massing Area Analysis Structure Construction Cc nhm lnh thng xuyn s dng l : Basic v Modelling l 2 nhm lnh ch yu thit k Vector; View l nhm lnh iu khin mn hnh; Rendering l nhm lnh sn sinh hnh Raster; Massing v Area Analysis l 2 nhm lnh c dng nhiu trong giai an s phc (Concept) Chng ta c th cho hin ln hay tm thi mt i cc nhm lnh ty bng cch a chut vo bt k mt nhm no vo Click phi v chn.

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

f. Project Browser :

Hnh 1.B.II.7 : Project Browser Project Browser c t chc theo hnh thc tng bc v l ni cha tt c nhng thng tin cng nh kt qu lm vic. Sau khi khi ng chng trnh, trong Project c mc nh gm 3 phn : View, Family, Group Trong View c t chc, mt cch mc nh bi phn mm, thnh 3 thnh phn trong bc khi u gm : Floor Plans cha tt c cc file mt bng sn ca cng trnh, Ceiling Plan cha tt c cc file mt bng trn ca cng trnh, Elevations cha cc file mt ng ca cng trnh. Trong qu trnh lm vic,, nu ngi s dng cn thit phi sn sinh ra cc hnh phi cnh, cc mt ct . . . th chng trnh s t ng sinh ra cc th mc 3D, Sections . . . thuc th mc View. g. Status Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.8 : Status Bar

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Cc hat ng cn thit trong qu trnh lm vic ca ngi s dng c nhc nh ti y. Tng t nh dng Command Lines ca Acad h. View Control Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.9 : View Control bar i. Drawing Area :

Hnh 1.B.II.10 : Drawing Area y l ni lm vic ch yu ca ngi s dng. Ty thuc vo s iu khin ca ngi s dng i vi Project Browser m khu vc ny s c nhng hnh vector nh : mt bng (trt, lu 1, lu 2 . . .), mt ng, mt ct . . . hoc raster nh : phi cnh cng trnh c gn vt liu di nh sng mt tri, ni tht cng trnh vi c v chiu sng nhn to. mt bng, mt ng . . . chng trnh mc nh sn nhng chi tit thng thy trong bn v, v d : 4 du hiu nhn v mt ng (trn bn v Floor Plan), cc li biu hin tng cao ca cng trnh (trn bn v Elevations) 2. Mt s c im ca Revit Architecture a. Qun l : Bt c mt chi tit (Object) no ca hnh nh hin ln trn mn hnh u phi c qun l bi nhiu ch th khc nhau. i vi ngi s dng vic qun l v lm ch mt chi tit trn mn hnh l iu ti quan trng v cn thit. Mi phn mm u c cch qun l khc nhau. Thng thng, ngi s dng cc phn mm ha qun l Object bng Layer.
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 12 Nguyn Phc Thin

Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng qun l Object theo thng qua nhim v ca vt th ., v d : ca i, ca s, tng S lin h gia cc vt th s c t ng thit lp cng ty thuc vo nhim v ca chng, v d ca lun lun gn cht vi tng, nu khng c tng khng bao gi ngi s dng c th b tr ca trong thit k ca mnh. Trong h thng lin h , c mt chi tit lm ch (Host). S thay i ca Host s ko theo s thay i ca cc thnh phn cn li, v d : gn chi tit sn vo chi tit cao , chi tit tng vo chi tit sn; nh vy khi cao thay i, th chi tit sn cng thay i v chi tit tng chng thay i theo. b. Biu hin : S xut hin hay tm thi bin mt c thc hin d dng. Nhng chi tit kin trc c th hin bng cc lai nt khc nhau trn nn trng. Mt vt th lun lun c th hin c hnh 2D ln 3D d chng ta dng bt k hnh chiu no lm vic. Hnh 3D ty thuc vo ngi s dng c th hin hnh bng nguyn l Raster hay Vector. Revit Architecture cn gip ngi s dng th hin mc hin hnh ny ty vo mc chi tit ca trnh by, v d : d ta ch v mt ln, trn mt bng mt bc tng ca mc th (Coarse) ch c 2 nt song song vi nhau, nhng nu mc trung bnh (Medium) hay chi tit tit (Fine), tng s c rt nhiu nt nh lp va t, lp p, k hiu vt liu gch

Mc th

c. Phng tin dng hnh : Revit Architecture vn cung cp cung cp cho ngi s dng cc lai ng nh ng thng, cung trn, t gic vung gc . . . nh l nhng phng tin c bn dng hnh. Tuy nhin, khc vi nhng phn mm khc dnh cho ngi thit k kin trc, Revit Architecture khng bt buc ngi s dng phi l thuc vo mt h ta no c, tt c ch ty thuc vo mt phng lm vic (Work Plan). Nhng iu ny khng phi lun lun xy ra. Khi cn thit, ngi s dng khi gp nhng n ln, cn phn chia cc hng mc vi nhau th Revit Architecture vn cung cp mt phng tin qun l cc mi lin h ny thoe ta chnh xc. d. Revise It = Revit : Mt c im ca ngi thit k kin trc trong qua trnh lm vic l t duy hnh hc xy Revit Architecture trc t duy hnh hc. Trc y, nhng ngi thit k ln tui coi y l mt tr ngi ln khi mun s dng my tnh trong cng vic ca mnh. Tuy nhin, ngi s dng Revir Architecture s khng gp phi tr ngi ny. Ngi s dng c vic dng hnh truc ri iu chnh kch thc lc no cng c.
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 13 Nguyn Phc Thin

Mc chi tit Hnh 1.B.II.11

Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Hn na, mt n thit k xy dng thng c chnh sa rt nhiu ln. Khi s dng Revit Architecture, vic chnh sa n c l mt vic lm rt d v mun lm bt c lc no trong sut thi gian thc hin n cng c. Ngay c khi n c a vo thi cng th vic chnh sa vn c th tin hnh sun s. y l mt u im rt ln ca Revit Architecture nh h thng qun l rt hp l ni trn. Vic chnh s ny c th tin hnh bt c thnh phn biu hin no ca n. iu chnh trn hnh 2D th 3D t ng cp nht v ngc li. V vy, Revit Architecture c ngh mt khu hiu : Any Where Any Time. e. Khi lng : Bt c lc no ngi s dng Revit Architecture cng u c th bit c khi lng chi tit c s dng trong n. Kt hp vi gi tr kinh t c th, gi thnh ca cng trnh c kim sat mt cch chnh xc l linh ng. iu ny rt c gi tr i vi b phn qun l d n. V da trn nhng lng chnh xc ny, tin thi cng, tin ti chnh, tin vt t s c mt c s lp nn k hach ca mnh. f. Vectro v Raster Trong qu trnh thit k, nghin cu mu sc v cht cm b mt l mt cng an rt quan trng. Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng cc phng tin nghin cu kh hu hiu c th in Revit Architecture giy nhng hnh nh hnh chp cng trnh han thnh bn cnh nhng h s k thut m chng ta thng gp. Bn cnh vic nghin cu nh sng i vi cng trnh cng a Revit Architecture nhng phng tin nghin cu tht n gin v ht sc hiu qu. Nu truc y, vic nghin cu nh sng, da trn l thuyt ca mn vt l kin trc phn chiu sng, chim rt nhiu thi gian ca ngi thit k th vi Revit Architecture qu d dng. Vt l kin trc ch gip chng ta nghin cu c bng lm r khi dng cng trnh v nhng chi tit che chn nhng nh nng khng cn thhit. Cn nh sng s tc ng nh th no n mu sc v cht cm b mt nh th no th khng cp. Nhng y l mt yu cu quan trng i vi ngi thit k kin trc. Revit Architecture gip ngi s dng rt hiu qu trong cng an ny 3. Mt s thut ng cua Revit Architecture a. Project : Revit Building gip ngi s dng lm vic v qun l thng tin bng khi nim Project (d n) da trn khuynh hng BIM v cng ngh PBM. Mt project c my tnh qun l dng file (khc vi Architectural Desktop l di dng 1 project). Mt file Project cha ng tt c thng hnh hc (gm c hnh vector ln raster) v phi hnh hc ngi s dng c th trch xut, hiu chnh thng tin bt c lc no, ti bt c thnh phn no ca thnh phn d n. Cc thng tin trong mt d n c mi lin h lgich vi nhau. Gi s rng A v B c mi lin h vi nhau, nu ngi s dng thay i ni dung ca A hoc B th chng trnh t ng thay i nhng thng tin ca thnh phn cn li A v B vn gi c bn cht v quy lut ca mi quan h .

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Mt cng trnh kin trc l t hp ca nhiu chi tit nh : tng, ca, sn, mi. Chi tit l t hp ca cc thnh phn n l nh : cnh, khung bao, bn l, kha . . . Revit Building lm vic gip ngi s dng lm vic trn chi tit kin trc nh tng, ca, sn . . . m ta gi l chi tit hnh hc. Ngai ra, cn c nhng chi tit phi hnh hc m nu khng c th chng ta khng th han chnh mt thit k c nh : li ct, kch thc . . . Nhng chi tit va cp trn c Revit Building gi l cc Element. Cc Element c phn ra lm 5 lai v xp vo 3 nhm nh hnh 1.B.II.12

Hnh 1.B.II.12 b. Model Elements : y l nhng chi tit kin trc t hp nn cng trnh. Trong Revit Model Elements c chia ra lm 2 lai : Host Elements : gm cc chi tit nn (sn), tng, mi, trn, cu thang, dc (ramp). Cc chi tit ny c to lp ngay (Built In Place) trong Project (thuc File Project) Component Elements : gm cc chi tit ca i, ca s, c ni tht cc thit b v mt s k hiu chuyn ngnh kin trc nh du ct, khai trit chi tit . . .(nhng Element khng phi l Host). c im ca cc chi tit ny l ngi s dng c th to lp trc v lu gi thnh 1 th vin khi cn thit th em ra s dng. i vi lai ny, Revit Building gi l Family.

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Family c t chc nh mt nhnh cy gi l Family Tree. Xem v d di y : Element : Wall Family/System Family : Basic Wall Type : Exterior Brick on CMU Instance : Actual User-Drawn wall in projec Phn mm Revit v cc trang webnh Revit City l ngun Family rt ln cho ngi s dng. Tuy Revit vn cho php ngi s dng thit k family theo thch, nhng ngi s dng nn kho st trc cc family trong phn mm trc khi thit k mt family mi. c. View Elements : L cc thnh phn thng tin hnh hc t hp cc chi tit ca cng trnh m ngi s dng qua lm cng vic thit k ca mnh. C 6 thnh phn thuc view elements, gm : Floor Plans : cc mt bng sn Ceiling Plans : cc mt bng trn 3 D Views : cc hnh phi cnh Elevations : cc mt ng Sections : cc mt ct Schedule : cc bng thng k khi lng Mi khi ngi s dng to lp thnh phn view no th chng trnh s t ng sp xp theo bng lit k trn. d. Annotation Elements : L nhng thnh phn ghi ch trn h s thit k ca cng trnh, gm 2 lai : Datum Elements : l nhng thng tin phi hnh hc phc v nhng yu cu ca thit k, gm : Levels (cc cao trnh), Column Grids (li ct), Reference Plan (cc mt phng m ngi s dng lm vic) Annottation Elements : l nhng thng tin phi hnh hc phc v nhng yu cu ghi ch ca h s thit k, gm : Dimesion (kch thc), Text Notes (chi ch), Loaded Text (tn trong cc k hiu v d D1 l tn ca), Symbols (cc k hiu)

Ngai Revit Architecture, ty vo trng hp c th ngi s dng cn c th thy nhng th mc thnh phn khc

III. Thc hnh

Trc khi lm cc bi thc hnh, ngh cc bn c k phn l thuyt. Thit k 1 nha bao v vi cc thng s di y : 1. Kch thc cng trnh trn mt bng 4000 x 6000. 2. Tng cao 4000, dy 200, c b tr 1 ca i chnh 3. Mi dc 4 pha vi dc 30 , vn ra khi tng 500

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Thc hnh ln lt cc buc sau : 1. Thit k tng ngai - hnh 1.B.III.1

Hnh 1.B.III.1 Khi ng chng trnh v xc nh chc chn Level 1 trong Project Browse c t m (Bold). iu ny xc nh trong Area Drawing mt bng tng 1 (level 1) sn sng thit k Chn Basic/Wall trong Design Bar thay i cc thng s : basic Wall : Generic 200 mm, Height (chiu cao tng), Loc Line, Chain v bt u v (Thao tc theo th t nh trong hnh - bc 11 trng vi 7 ). Sau bc 11 Esc 2 ln that khi lnh. Nn dng chut 3 nt, ln nt gia dng thu phng (zoom), hoc nt gia v di chuyn chut x dch bn v (pan) Ch : Trong bi tp rt n gin lm quen ny, chng ta nn lm tht chm v xem xt nhng logic ca cc buc theo t duy 3D Ngi hc s c gii thch tng chi tit trong lnh trong cc chng lin quan. Nhng ng tc trong bc ny s c gii thch rt chi tit v c th trong chng 3 Lc u c th cha quen nn bn s di chuyn hi trch hng thng ngang hoc thng ng. Nhng ln ln, bn s thy rt thun tin khi Revit Architecture c v u tin khhi ta di chuyn thng gc. Nu giao din mn hnh c khc i phn nh no so vi hnh trn th cng khng e ngi m c tip tc.
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 17 Nguyn Phc Thin

Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

2. Thit k tng trong hnh 1.B.III.2

Hnh 1.B.III.2 Dng lnh Offset trong Tool Bar c thm mt bc tng nm di bc tng pha bc 2000 (thay th gi tr 0000 bng gi tr 2000 trong nm cnh ch offset). Lp t ca : click chut tri theo th t hnh 1.B.III.3 b tr ca i cho cng trnh

Hnh 1.B.III.3

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Theo hnh 1.B.III.4 b tr ca s cho cng trnh

Hnh 1.B.III.4 3. Thit k mi Click Basic/Roof/Roof by FootPrint ca Design Bar ri Yes bng hin ra v mn hnh s nh hnh 1.B.III.5 (cc bc tng s m i)

Hnh 1.B.III.5

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Ch : khi a con tr n bt k bc tng no s c mt ng chm song song vi mt bng bc tung . Ch click chut khi no ng chm ny xut hin pha ngai bc tng Lm theo cc buc trong hnh 1.B.III.5 v bm nt Finish Roof c kt qu nh khng c g thay i. Double Click vo Elevations (Building)/South c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.6.

Hnh 1.B.III.6 Click vo nt 3D nh ch dn trn hnh 1.B.III.6 c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.7

Hnh 1.B.III.7

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

n y ta c nhng nhn xt sau : Tuy ban u lm vic trn mt bng nhng thc cht cc chi tit c thit k trong Revit Building hiu nh l mt m hnh 3D Cc chi tit kin trc c Revit Building cung cp p ng c yu cu chuyn ngnh

Ch : Bn nn hnh thnh 1 thi quen trong t duy 3D : khi bn han chnh thit k mt thnh phn kin trc trn mt bng, trc khi kt lun rng cng vic han tt, th nn kch hat hnh3D xem xt cn thn ri hn kt lun. Hnh 3D m chng ta va thy trn ch l mt phn rt nh m Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng. Cn rt nhiu ng dng 3D khc m cng v sau bn s cng thy va . 4. Trch xut mt ct hnh 1.B.III.8

Hnh 1.B.III.8 Double Click vo Level 1 Click Basic/Section trong Design bar V ng ct ngang ca s Double Click vo tng thnh phn ca Project Browser xem kt qu 5. Trnh by cc thnh phn trn bn v Click phi vo Sheet ca Project Browser chn New Sheet. Ok trn hp thai c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.9
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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Hnh 1.B.III.9 Di chuyn chut vo Level 1, v gi phm tri chut, di chuyn vo t giy, th chut, tm v tr thch hp v click tri c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.10

Hnh 1.B.III.10
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 22 Nguyn Phc Thin

Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Nhn phm ESC 2 ln Lm tng t cho cc thnh phn cn li : 4 mt ng, 1 mt ct, phi cnh 3D c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.11

Hnh 1.B.III.11 6. Xem xt nhng mi lin h - hnh 1.B.III.12

Hnh 1.B.III.12

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

V li Level 1 Chn ca i chnh v di chuyn v bn tri Double Click vo Basic/Sheets/A 101 Unname c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.13

Hnh 1.B.III.13 Nhn xt v tr ca thay i v tr trn cc thnh phn ca bn v V li phi cnh 3D Thm 1 ca s vo tng pha ng nh hnh 1.B.III.14

Hnh 1.B.III.14

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

V li giy v nh hnh 1.B.III.5 v so snh s thay i

Hnh 1.B.III.15 n y ta c nhng nhn xt sau : Cng on trch xut cc hnh chiu thng gc theo yu cu ca h s thit k k thut l mt vic hon ton t ng do Revit Architecture m trch. V vy, ngi thit k tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian.Lc ny s xy Revit Architecture mt trong 2 trng hp : hoc thi gian han chnh h s s nhanh hn, hoc s c nhiu thi gian cho thit k chuyn ngnh hn. Mi quan h gia gia hnh chiu thng gc v hnh 3D l mi quan h 2 chiu : iu chnh 3D th 2D thay i, iu chnh 2D th 3D thay i. y l mt u im tuyt vi m phn mm Architectural Desktop kh khn hn mi lm c Vic chnh sathit k do ch u t yu cu s n gin hn rt nhiu v gn nh khng c s khng n khp gia cc thnh phn trong mt b h s.

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C. Bi tp
I.
Thit k mt cn nh vi cc d kin nh di y : Kch thuc trn mt bng nh hnh v 1.B.IV.1

Bi tp thc hnh

Tng dy 200 Mi dc 30 , ua ra khi tng 500 nh hnh v 1.B.IV.2

Hnh 1.B.IV.1

Hnh 1.B.IV.2

II.
STT 1 2

Bi tp l thuyt

Hy tr li cc cu hi di y : CU HI Revit Architecture l mt phn mm vector Architectural Desktop l cng ngh th 3, Revit Building l cng ngh th 2 TR LI S

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Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Giao din ca Revit Building ging nh giao din ca ACAD Hnh dng (thng-cong) ca tng trn mt bng c chn Option Bar Design Bar dng truy nhp cc lnh trong Revit Building Trong qu trnh lm vic, ngi s dng cn phi theo di Status Bar Du hiu Wireframe nm trong Project Browser bar Trong Revit Building, cc thnh phn kin trc c t chc thnh 5 nhm Column Grid l mt thnh phn ca Datum C nhiu Farmily cu thang c cho sn trong Revit Building

III.

Tho lun

Revit Architecture c th xem l mt phn mm CAD m rng hay khng? CHC MNG BN XONG CHNG 1

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