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    Calculating The Atomic Radius of Gold

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    Sandro Branquinho Matos
    The document describes how to calculate the atomic radius of gold using its crystal structure, density, and molar mass. It states that gold has a face-centered cubic crystal structure with 4 atoms per unit cell that touch along the face diagonals. Using the density, molar mass, Avogadro's number, and the fact that gold occupies 74% of the unit cell volume based on its crystal structure, the experimental effective atomic volume is calculated. The atomic radius is then found by taking the cube root of 0.74 times the experimental effective atomic volume divided by 4/3 pi. The calculated atomic radius of gold is 144 picometers.

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    Calculating The Atomic Radius of Gold

    Uploaded by

    Sandro Branquinho Matos
    14 views2 pages
    The document describes how to calculate the atomic radius of gold using its crystal structure, density, and molar mass. It states that gold has a face-centered cubic crystal structure with 4 atoms per unit cell that touch along the face diagonals. Using the density, molar mass, Avogadro's number, and the fact that gold occupies 74% of the unit cell volume based on its crystal structure, the experimental effective atomic volume is calculated. The atomic radius is then found by taking the cube root of 0.74 times the experimental effective atomic volume divided by 4/3 pi. The calculated atomic radius of gold is 144 picometers.

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    Gold Radius

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    The document describes how to calculate the atomic radius of gold using its crystal structure, density, and molar mass. It states that gold has a face-centered cubic crystal structure with 4 atoms per unit cell that touch along the face diagonals. Using the density, molar mass, Avogadro's number, and the fact that gold occupies 74% of the unit cell volume based on its crystal structure, the experimental effective atomic volume is calculated. The atomic radius is then found by taking the cube root of 0.74 times the experimental effective atomic volume divided by 4/3 pi. The calculated atomic radius of gold is 144 picometers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views2 pages

    Calculating The Atomic Radius of Gold

    Uploaded by

    Sandro Branquinho Matos
    The document describes how to calculate the atomic radius of gold using its crystal structure, density, and molar mass. It states that gold has a face-centered cubic crystal structure with 4 atoms per unit cell that touch along the face diagonals. Using the density, molar mass, Avogadro's number, and the fact that gold occupies 74% of the unit cell volume based on its crystal structure, the experimental effective atomic volume is calculated. The atomic radius is then found by taking the cube root of 0.74 times the experimental effective atomic volume divided by 4/3 pi. The calculated atomic radius of gold is 144 picometers.

    Copyright:

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    CalculatingtheAtomicRadiusofGold

    FrankRioux
    Threeexperimentalfactsarerequiredtodeterminetheatomicradiusofametallicelementsuchasgold:
    density,molarmassandcrystalstructure.
    Thecrystalstructureofgoldisfacecenteredcubic.Itsunitcell,orbasicrepeatingunit,showsthatit
    containsfourgoldatomsandthatthegoldatomstouchalongthefacediagonal.Intermsofthegoldatom
    radius,theunitcelldimensionis 2 2 R .
    2 2 R
    Asnotedabove,thiscalculationwillrequire,inadditiontothecrystalstructure,thedensityand
    molarmassofgold,whicharegivenbelowalongwithAvogadrosnumber.
    Density: 19.32
    gm
    cm
    3
    Molarmass: 197.0 gm Atomspermole: 6.022 10
    23

    Assumingthatatomicgoldisasphere,asshownabove,wecancalculateitsatomicvolume.
    Atomicvolume: V
    Atom
    4
    3
    t R
    3
    =
    However,theeffectivevolumeofagoldatomis25%oftheunitcellvolume, 2 2 R
    ( )
    3
    .
    Effectiveatomicvolume: V
    Aeffective
    2 2 R
    ( )
    3
    4
    = V
    Aeffective
    4 2
    1
    2
    R
    3
    =
    Thenextstepinvolvescalculatingthepackingefficiencyofthefacecenteredcubicstructureinother
    words,theratiooftheatomicandeffectiveatomicvolumes.Weseethatonly74%ofthespaceis
    occupiedbygoldatoms.
    Ratioofatomicandeffectiveatomic
    volumesaccordingtothefccmodel:
    V
    Atom
    V
    Aeffective
    4
    3
    t R
    3

    4 2
    1
    2
    R
    3

    = float 2 ,
    V
    Atom
    V
    Aeffective
    .74 =
    Nextthereciprocalofthedensity,alongwiththemolarmassandAvogadrosnumberisusedto
    calculatetheexperimentaleffectivevolumeofanindividualgoldatom.
    Experimentaleffective
    atomicvolume:
    V
    ExEffective
    1 cm
    3

    19.32 gm
    197.0 gm
    6.022 10
    23

    := V
    ExEffective
    1.693 10
    23
    cm
    3
    =
    Accordingtothefccmodeltheatomicvolumeis74%oftheexperimentaleffectiveatomicvolume.This
    allowsthecalculationoftheatomicradiusofgold.
    4
    3
    t R
    3
    0.74 V
    ExEffective
    = R
    0.74 V
    ExEffective

    4
    3
    t
    |

    \
    |
    |
    |
    .
    1
    3
    := R 144pm =
    Thisisinagreementwiththeliteraturevalue(seeFigure5.19page176inChemistry,5thedition,by
    McMurryandFay).
    Definepicometer: pm 10
    12
    m

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