SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 The sub transmission and distribution constitutes the final link between the utility and consumer and the utility is judged by the consumers on the performance of this segment of power utility. The funds required for system improvement schemes for primary distribution sector is so large that the present level of funding is grossly inadequate. Inadequacy of funds is contributing towards time and cost overrun of the sub -transmission and distribution projects resulting in lack of capacity addition in sub transmission and distribution network. Therefore, timely completion of schemes pertaining to sub transmission and distribution works of the utility and revenue realisation from the ultimate customer. 1.2 Monitoring is a continuous process to ensure timely implementation without time and cost overrun and in O & M stage covering performance (technical) and consumer satisfaction issues. The systematic approach to project monitoring and evaluation through computer based monitoring and information system will curtail avoidable delays which are taking place today in sub transmission and distribution project even after investment decision is done timely. 1.3 In planning new sub-transmission and distribution system ,land encumbrances ,environmental interfaces and visual impact are features, which are receiving increasing importance. It is not only the planning cost but cost of construction is also to be minimised which rises due to delay in construction. Apart from compensation to be paid ,the very process of acquiring land is time consuming. The coordination with telecommunication within the budgeted cost is of vital importance as it directly reflects on the performance

and railway authorities is an involved process and is to be looked into at proper time. 1.4 As the construction activities involve co-ordination among various utilities, e.g. clearance from communication authorities, public health Deptt., Municipal Corporation etc the interaction among persons and follow up of procedures should be planned in systematic manner in advance. Concurrence from respective agency wherever necessary should be obtained in due course to avoid delays and wastage of public money. A well knit and coordinated approach has to be adopted for not only the new system but also for the reconfiguration, re-conductoring, augmentation plan etc. 1.5 Huge investments are made in the sub transmission and distribution network but very little thought has been pouring into the system of procedures and rules, which causes delay in implementing a ST&DP. A project which can easily come up in scheduled time increases its span to a couple of months/year more .The main causes of delay in implementing a ST&DP are : Investment Decision Selection of Bidder Ambiguous functional Requirements Land acquisition Forest clearance Finalisation of contracts/implementing agency Changes in priorities during construction Untimely cash flows Managerial deficiencies and Lack of Decision Making Resolution of disputes during implementation

 Litigation 1.6 Most of these can be minimised by organising and controlling post investment decision activities through adoption of meticulous monitoring techniques such as Bar Chart Method, Critical Path Method (CPM),or Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT).The preference is given to adoption to Bar Chart Method due to its simplicity. The PERT is suitable to R & D projects. 1.7 Monitoring is a control function. The objective is realised through the managerial techniques of Planning & Control. They are interdependent functions, for the one looses its significance without the other. 1.8 The primary work arising under the planning elements is the determination of construction/implementation programme for the year and laying down the general principles on the basis of which it will operate. These general principles basically involves availability of the finances, land and various clearances to undertake construction work etc. Once the construction programme for the year is decided and distributed properly into the four quarters of the year, the control function comes into play. 1.9 The control function is generally exercised by comparison of actual results with pre-determined programme or targets and taking corrective measures where deviation occurs. 1.10 The basic objective of strengthening and improvement of sub transmission and distribution system is to ensure quality and reliability of supply to consumers, bring down technical losses to an optimal minimum value and phasing the system expansion to match the growing demand in the area.

1.11 The evaluation of a sub-Transmission and Distribution system can be done in terms of, reduction of T & D losses, reduction in overloading of feeders and transformers ,degree of improvement in the voltage profile vis--vis voltage regulation, reduction in number of trippings of distribution system due to overloading ,reduction in consumer interruption ,reduction in cost per consumer, increase in revenue, enhancement in peak demand, energy supplied,enhancement in number of consumer supplied, improvement in level of service, assessing cost of input energy to total sales and total collection etc. The computation of T & D losses in the real system is very difficult and accuracy of the computation and quantification depend on number of factors such as, accuracy of meters, type of billing system , redressal etc. 1.12 This documents provides guidelines for issues to be looked into in awarding contracts, implementation activities, monitoring of subtransmission and distribution projects for timely completion, performance evaluation and O&M of the equipment. 1.13 The performance evaluation of the new system needs comparison of performance after adding the new system with system prior to network elements added in the existing system. A data acquisition system is required for such evaluation due to large number of inputs. 1.14 A computer based software is also required for project monitoring and reliability analysis. 1.15 Another area in which no work has been done so far by any of the utility is Renovation and Modernisation (R & M ) and life assessment studies of the sub transmission and distribution equipment. This can thefts and tampering of meters, metering and billing supply interruptions, consumer complaint

enhance the life to few more years if predictive maintenance in the form of R & M supported by residual life assessment studies, is done at proper time.