Surveyor Politeknik

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
CG203-SURVEY COMPUTATION 2

NOOR FAIZAH BINTI ZOHARDIN

Table of Contents

1.0 MISSING LINE IN CLOSED TRAVERSE
Calculation of closed traverse for one or two lines without data such as bearing, data
or both.

2.0 BOUNDARY PROBLEMS
Solving boundary problems related to rectangular and straight boundaries.

3.0 AREA DIVISION
Problem solving related to area and lots division.

4.0 ROUTE PROBLEMS
Problem solving related to road junction, route with different widths and new
routes via old lots.

5.0 THREE POINT AND THREE DISTANCES PROBLEMS
Types of coordinates and calculation of surveyed area using coordinate method

PRAKATA

Alhamdullah, segala puji bagi Allah, tuhan pencipta sekalian alam.
Buku ini dihasilkan bagi memberi sedikit panduaan kepada pelajar-pelajar Diploma Ukur
Tanah Politeknik yang mengambil subjek CG203 Survey Computation 2.
Ia dihasilkan dengan ilustrasi dan jalan kerja yang mudah difahami untuk menarik minat
pelajar mempelajari Ilmu pengiraan dalam bidang Ukur dengan lebih mendalam. Ia juga
dihasilkan berdasarkan Kurikulum terbaru Politeknik Malaysia, Kementerian Pengajiaan
Tinggi
Adalah diharap buku ini dapat menjadi panduaan bagi pelajar untuk memahami serta
mencintai ilmu ukur.

NOOR FAIZAH BINTI ZOHARDIN
Pegawai Pendidikan Pengajiaan Tinggi
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam
Politeknik Kuching Sarawak

CETAKKAN PERTAMA : JUN 2012
SEMAKAN PERTAMA : DISEMBER 2012

FORMULA

1. Latitude = distance x cos
2. Departure = distance x sin
3. Distance =
2 2
) ( ) ( depart latit +
4. Angle =
latit
depart
1
tan

Bearing = value of

Bearing = 180 -

Bearing = 180 +

Bearing = 360 -

Triangulation

1. c = a + b - 2ab cos C
2. area = C absin
2
1

3. area = ) )( )( ( c s b s a s s
s=
2
c b a + +

4.
b
B
a
A sin sin
=

Road secant

=
= bearing AD bearing AE
cot =

Tree distance and tree point problems

Tan =
tan

CHAPTER 1:
MISSING LINE IN
CLOSE TRAVERSE

CHAPTER 1: MISSING LINE IN CLOSE TRAVERSE CG 203 SURVEY COMPUTATION 2
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
c

P R E P A R E D B Y N F Z

Page 1
SOLVE MISSING DATA FOR ADJUSSENT LINE
EXAMPLE 1
I) Find bearing for line CD and line DE

STEP BY STEP
1) First ,joint point from C to E, after that, calculate bearing and distance for that line.

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Page 2
Calculate bearing and distance CE

LINE BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART
EF 281:3623 61.448 12.363 -60.192
FG 353:3911 53.430 53.103 -5.907
GA 50:0559 49.496 31.749 37.971
AB 94:1704 45.129 -3.371 45.003
BC 127:3336 49.160 -29.968 38.970
CE -63.876 -55.845
check 0.000 0.000

Distance CE =

= 84.846

Latit (N/S) Depart (E/W)
-63.876 -55.845

Bearing CE = 180: +

= 221: 09 44

CE 221: 09 44 84.846 -63.876 -55.845
Latit = distance x cos
Depart = distance x sin
Calculate total of latit
and depart
Identify the bearing
position base on latit and
depart data.
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Page 3

Calculate bearing of CD
i. calculate angle of c using cos method

()()

()()
C = 45: 21 20

ii. bearing CD = 221: 09 44 - 45: 21 20
= 175: 48 24

iii. Calculate bearing DE using sin method

So, bearing DE = (180: + 175: 48 24) - 96: 47 32
= 259: 00 52
Angle CDE is obtuse
angle , so the real angle
must calculate like that
D = 180: -

=96: 47 32

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Page 4
EXAMPLE 2
I) Find bearing for line AG and line AB

Calculate distance and bearing for line GB
BC 127:3336 49.160 -29.967 38.970
CD 175:3637 52.432 -52.278 4.013
DE 235:3415 23.321 -13.185 -19.236
EF 272:1420 40.655 1.588 -40.624
FG 308:1223 44.973 27.816 -35.339
GB 66.026 52.216
check 0.000 0.000

Distance GB =

= 84.178

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Page 5
66.026 52.216

Bearing GB =

FIND ANGLE A
Angle A = (23:1717 + 180:)-56:1032
= 147: 06 45
FIND ANGLE B
Angle B =(56: 10 32 +180:) (38: 20 18 + 180:)
= 17: 50 14
FIND ANGLE G
Angle G = 38:2018 - 23:1717
= 15: 03 01

FIND DISTANCE AG USING SIN METHOD

AG = 47.487

FIND DISTANCE AB USING SIN METHOD

AB = 40.255

line bearing distance latit depart
GB

84.178 66.026 52.216
Identify the baering
depart data.
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Page 6
EXAMPLE 3
Find distance AB and bearing AG.

Calculate bearing and distance for line GB
BC 121:0007 39.014 -20.095 33.441
CD 72:1012 40.936 12.534 38.970
DE 181:0949 39.619 -39.611 -0.805
EF 209:0852 29.602 -25.853 -14.418
FG 295:2345 44.969 19.286 -40.623
GB 53.739 -16.565
check 0.000 0.000

Distance GB =

= 56.234

53.739 -16.565

Bearing GB =
= 342:5205

depart data.
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Page 7

FIND ANGLE B
= (23:1717 + 180:)-(342:5205-180:)
= 40: 25 12

FIND ANGLE A USING SIN METHOD

A = 82: 42 12

FIND BEARING AG
BEARING AG= 23:1717 + 82: 42 12
= 105: 59 29

FIND ANGLE G
ANGLE G = 342:5205 (105:5929 +180:)
= 56: 52 36

FIND DISTANCE AB USING SIN METHOD

AB = 47.480

Line bearing distance latit depart
GB 342:5205 56.234 53.739 -16.565
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Page 8
SOLVE MISSING DATA FOR NON ADJUSSENT LINE
Example 4
Find distance for line FE and line CD

STEP BY STEP
1) First , joint point for missing line and calculate bearing and distance for that line.

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Page 9
Calculate distance and bearing for line CF

FG 334:2842 52.006 46.931 -22.407
GA 309:4046 55.410 35.379 -42.645
AB 16:1221 69.926 67.148 19.516
BC 95:0002 99.401 -8.664 99.023
CF -140.794 -53.487
check 0.000 0.000

Distance GB =

= 150.611

-140.794 -53.487

Bearing CF =

= 200: 48 06

CF 200: 48 06 150.611 -140.794 -53.487
depart data.
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Page 10

2. Draw a line parallel to line CF and start the point at another point for missing line. Draw
line parallel to FE .
3. Joint point X to point D

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Page 11
4. Calculate distance and bearing for line XD using XED triangulation
Angle XED = (227: 45 25 - 180 )- (200 48 06 - 180 )
= 26 57 19
Distance XD = ()
()
()()
= 97.644

Angle EXD = 17 24 23
Bearing XD = 20048 06 - 17 24 23
= 183 23 43

5. Find distance for line FE and line CD using DCX triangulation
Angle CXD = 250 40 30 - 183 23 43
= 67 16 47
Angle XDC = 360 - (1395003 + 180) + (1832343-180)
= 43 33 40
Angle XCD = 139 50 03 ( 250 40 30 -180 )
= 69 09 33

CD = 96.372

CX = 72.000 = FE

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Page 12

Example 5
1. Find distance for line AB and bearing for line HG

STEP BY STEP
1) First ,joint point for missing line and calculate bearing and distance for that line.

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Page 13
Calculate bearing and distance for line GB
BC 108:3610 47.243 -15.071 44.775
CD 75:3241 62.322 15.557 60.349
DE 157:5055 78.736 -72.925 29.688
EF 238:0711 60.753 -32.086 -51.589
FG 284:5727 43.323 11.182 -41.855
GB 93.343 -41.368
check 0.000 0.000

Distance GB =

= 102.099

93.343 -41.368

bearing CF =

= 336: 05 52

CF 336: 05 52 102.099 93.343 -41.368
depart data.
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Page 14

2. Draw a line parallel to line GB and start the point at another point for missing line. Draw
line parallel to HG.
3. Joint point X to point A

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Page 15
4. Calculate distance and bearing for line XA using XAH triangulation

Angle XHA = 336 05 52 - 328 07 24
= 07 58 28
XA = ()
()
()()
= 64.891

Angle AXH = 04 38 0

Bearing XA = (3360552-180) + 04 38 0
= 160 43 52

5. Find distance for line AB and bearing for line HG using DCX triangulation
Angle BAX = 360- (160 43 52 + 180) + 18 27 13
= 37 43 21

Angle XBA = 63 57 31
Bearing BX = (18 27 13 + 180) + 63 57 31
= 262 24 44
Angle BXA = 160 43 52 (262 24 44 - 180)
= 78 19 08

BX = 70.728
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Page 16
TUTORIAL

1. Calculate distance AB and AG
Answer : AB = 117.381 AG = 86.529

2. Calculate bearing for line BC and line CD
Answer : BC = 59 28 57 CD= 126 28 55

b

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Page 17

3. Calculate bearing DE and distance AB
Answer Bearing DE = 160 25 53 Distance AB= 94.793

4. Calculate bearing AB and EF
Answer Bearing AB = 35 04 27 Bearing EF = 345 08 29

Chapter 2 :
Boundary Problem

CHAPTER 2: BOUNDARY PROBLEMS CG 203 SURVEY COMPUTATION 2

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Page 19

EXAMPLE 1
Figure show a rectangular lot and the ratio of AB and BC is 3 : 2. From the data given calculate the area
of lot ABCD

STEP BY STEP
1. Rotate triangulation BAF 90
2. Create similar shape for triangulation BAF with create one line at C and connect to x
3. Calculate distance from x to B

334 . 72 3
2
'
BX
x
x
BF
BX
= =

BX = 48.223

4. Calculate angle FBE
= (800232 + 180 )- 240 09 25
= 19 53 07

5. Calculate angle EBX
= 90 - 19 53 07
= 70 06 53


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Page 20

6. Calculate distance EX using cos method
()
()
()()
= 59.716

7. Calculate angle BXE using sin method

Angle B X = 60 28 30

8. Calculate distance BC using Pythagoras theorem

223 . 48
" 30 ' 28 60 sin
BC
=

BC = 41.961

9. Calculate distance BA and calculate area ABCD

BA=62.942

Area = 41. 961 x 62.942
= 2641.109 unit


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Page 21
EXAMPLE 2
of lot ABCD

STEP BY STEP
1. Rotate triangulation BAE 90
2. Create similar shape for triangulation BAE with create one line at D and connect to x
3. Calculate distance from x to A

AX = 11.029

4. Calculate angle EBX

Angle EBX = 90 - 30 37 03
= 59 22 57


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Page 22
10. Calculate distance EX using cos method
()
()
()()

= 12.443

11. Calculate angle AXF using sin method

AXF = 70 54 10

12. Calculate distance DA using Pythagoras theorem

029 . 11
" 10 ' 54 70 sin
DA
=
DA = 10.422

13. Calculate distance BA and calculate area ABCD

BA =15.633

Area = 10.422 x 15.633
= 162.927 unit


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Page 23
EXAMPLE 3
of lot ABCD
STEP BY STEP
1. Rotate triangulation BPC 90
2. Create similar shape for triangulation BCP with create one line at A and connect to x

3. Calculate distance BX

BX = 6.369

4. Calculate distance AX

AX = 12.805


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Page 24
5. Create line PX and calculate the distance using theorem Pythagoras
PX = ()
()

= 14.242

6. Calculate angle BXP using theorem Pythagoras

X = 63 26 06

7. Calculate angle AXP using cos method
()
()
()()
X = 513750

8. Calculate Angle AXB
Angle BXP + Angle AXP = 63 26 06 + 513750
= 115 03 56

9. Calculate distance AB
()
()
()()
= 16.542
10. Calculate distance BC

BC = 33.084
11. Area ABCD = 16.542 x 33.084
= 547.276


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Page 25
EXAMPLE 4
of lot ABCD
STEP BY STEP
1. Rotate triangulation DPC 90
2. Create similar shape for triangulation BCP with create one line at A and connect to x

3. Calculate distance BX

BX = 31.824

4. Calculate distance CX

CX = 23.633


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Page 26

5. Create line PX and calculate the distance using theorem Pythagoras
PX = ()
()

= 42.605

6. Calculate angle CXP using theorem Pythagoras

X = 56 18 37

7. Calculate angle BXP using cos method
()
()
()()
X = 49 59 23

8. Calculate Angle cXB
Angle CXP + Angle BXP = 56 18 37+ 49 59 23
= 106 18 00

9. Calculate distance AB
()
()
()()
= 44.648
10. Calculate distance BC

BC = 66.972
11. Area ABCD = 44.648x 66.972
= 2990.166


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Page 27
EXAMPLE 5
Figure show 2 lot with boundaries ABCD. Both lot have same area. Landlords agree to change the
boundaries to straight line and maintained the area. The boundaries must start from A.

Step by step ;
1. First, draw straight between A to D and calculate bearing and distance for that line.

DC 31: 17 28 48.568 41.503 25.226
CB 313:2853 40.389 27.792 -29.306
BA 27:4937 46.092 40.762 21.516
AD -110.057 -17.436
check 0.000 0.000

Distance GB =

= 111.430


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Page 28
-110.057
-17.436

Bearing AD =

= 189 00 09

2. Calculate distance from AX and BX using sin method
Angle BAX = 20749 37 - 189 009
= 18 49 28
Angle XBA =( 3132853-180)- (207 4937 -180)
= 105 39 16
Angle AXB =(360- 313 2853 ) + (18909 -180)
= 55 3116
Distance BX

BX = 18.042
Distance AX

AX = 53.840
3. Calculate area for triangulation ABX using sin method
Area =
(
)(

=
()()

= 400.367

AD 189 00 09 111.430 -110.057 -17.436
depart data.

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Page 29
4. Calculate distance CX and DX
CX= 40.389 - 18.042 = 22.347
DX= 111.430 - 53.840 = 57.590

5. Calculate area for triangulation DCX
Angle DXC = Angle AXB
= 55 3116
Area =
(
)(

=
()()

= 530.445
6. Calculate different area between triangulation DCX and ABX
Different area = 530.445- 400.367
= 130.078
7. Area DCX > area ABX, so move line AD to DCX
8. Calculate bearing and distance DD
Angle ADD = 825527- (18909-180)
= 73 5518

=
()(
=
(
)(

DD = 1.215
AD = ()
()
()()
= 111.100

Angle A = 0 36 08
Bearing AD = 189 09 - 0 36 08 = 188 24 01

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Page 30
EXAMPLE 6
Figure show 2 lot with boundaries ABCDE. Both lot have same area. Landlords agree to change the
boundaries to straight line and maintained the area. The boundaries must start from E.

Step by step ;
1. First, draw straight between A to E and calculate bearing and distance for that line.

AB 135: 38 7 33.142 -23.693 23.174
BC 168:555 25.531 -25.055 4.907
CD 247:3943 41.560 -15.796 -38.441
DE 1402937 51.627 -39.833 32.843
EA 104.377 -22.483
check 0.000 0.000

Distance GB =

= 106.771


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Page 31
104.377 -22.483

Bearing AD =
= 347 50 39

2. calculate distance from DX and EX using sin method
Angle EDX = 140 2937 -(24739 43-180)
= 72 49 54
Angle DXE =2473943-( 3475039-180)
= 79 49 04
Angle XED =347 5039 - (1402937 +180)
= 27 2102
Distance DX

DX = 24.099

Distance EX

EX = 50.116

line bearing distance latit depart
EA 347 50 39 106.771 104.377 -22.483
depart data.

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Page 32
3. Calculate area for triangulation ABX using sin method
Area =
(
) (

=
(
)(

= 594.362

4. Calculate distance AX and CX
CX = 41.560 - 24.099 = 17.461
AX = 106.771 - 50.116 = 56.655

5. Calculate area for ABCX- (you can use any method)
Angle ABC = (1353807+180)-168:555
= 146 43 02
Area ABC =
( )()

= 232.171
Angle AXC = Angle DXE
= 79 49 04
Area AXC =
(
)(

= 486.836
Area for ABCX = area AXC + Arae ABC
= 486.836 + 232.171
= 719.007
6. Calculate different area between triangulation DCX and ABX
Different area = 719.007- 594.362
= 124.645
7. Area ABCX > area DEX, so move line AE to ABCX


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Page 33
8. Calculate bearing and distance AA
Angle EAA = (347 50 39 180)- 874213
= 80 0826

=
()(
=
(
)(

AA =1.185

9. Calculate distance for line EA
EA = ()
()
()()
= 106.574

Angle E = 0 37 40

Bearing EA = 347 50 39 + 0 37 40
= 348 28 19


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Page 34
TUTORIAL
1. Figure show a rectangular lot and the ratio of AB and BC is 1 : 3. From the data given calculate
the area of lot ABCD
Answer : AB = 32.410 BC= 97.230 Area = 3151.224

2. Figure show a rectangular lot and the ratio of AB and BC is 3 : 2. From the data given calculate
the area of lot ABCD
Answer: AB = 138.693 BC = 92.462 area= 12823.832


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Page 35
3. Figure show 2 lot with boundaries ABCD. Both lot have same area. Landlords agree to change
the boundaries to straight line and maintained the area. The boundaries must start from D.

Answer : bearing and distance AD = 149.091 171 51 45
Bearing and distance AA = 0.758 71 17 59
: bearing and distance DA = 149.232 35208 55

Chapter 3:
Area Division

CHAPTER 3: AREA DIVISION CG 203 SURVEY COMPUTATION 2


Page 37

EXAMPLE 1
The area for Lot230 is 8330.499m. Land lord want to apply subdivision for the lot where the area for lot
ABXY is 1/3 from the whole area. Distance from D to Y is 44.351m. Calculate distance and bearing for
line XY.

Step by step
1. Calculate area for lot ABXY
833 . 2776 499 . 8330
3
1
= = area
2. Draw line from x to y
3. Connect line A to Y (distance D to Y was given)
4. Calculate bearing and distance for line AY

YD 2783626 44.351 6.638 -43.851
DA 152052 54.868 52.911 14.522
AY
153 46 44
66.380 -59.549 29.329

Bearing AY = 180 - 26 13 16
= 153 46 44

LOT 230


Page 38

5. Calculate area for triangulation ADY
D DY AD sin ) )( (
2
1
=
Angle D = (2783626-180) - 152052
= 83 15 34
" 34 ' 15 83 sin ) 351 . 44 )( 868 . 54 (
2
1
= areaADY
= 1208.315

6. Calculate area for triangulation AXY
Area AXY = Area AXYD area ADY
= 2776.833 1208.315
= 1568.518

7. Calculate distance AX using area formula

Calculate angle A = 153 46 44 - 88 57 42
= 644902
A AY AX area sin ) )( (
2
1
=
" 02 ' 49 64 sin ) 380 . 66 )( (
2
1
1568.518 = AX
AX =52.222
8. Calculate bearing and distance for line XY

YA
333 46 44
66.380 59.549 -29.329
AX 885742 52.222 0.946 52.213
XY
200 43 14
64.679 -60.495 -22.884

Bearing AY = 180 + 20 43 14
= 200 43 14
Area


Page 39

EXAMPLE 2
The area for Lot 252 is 27047.750 m. Land lord want to apply subdivision for the lot where the area for
lot ABXE is 1/2 from the whole area. Calculate distance and bearing for line BX.

Step by step
1. Calculate area for lot ABXE
875 . 13523 750 . 27047
2
1
= = area
2. Draw line from B to X
3. Connect line E to B (distance D to B was given)
4. Calculate bearing and distance for line BE

EA 3502844 96.903 95.568 -16.029
AB 770108 128.996 28.976 125.699
BE
221 21 59
165.948 -124.544 -109.670

Bearing AY = 180 + 41 21 59
= 221 21 59
LOT 252


Page 40

5. Calculate area for triangulation ABE
A AB AE area sin ) )( (
2
1
=
Angle D = (3502844-180) - 770108

= 932736
" 36 ' 27 93 sin ) 128.996 )( 96.903 (
2
1
= areaABE
= 6238.657
6. Calculate area for triangulation XEB
Area AXY = Area ABXE area ABE
= 875 . 13523 6238.657
= 7285.218
7. Calculate distance E X using area formula

Calculate angle A = (271 37 12-180) (221 21 59 -180)
= 50 15 13
C EX EB area sin ) )( (
2
1
=
13" 15' 50 sin ) 165.948 )( (
2
1
7285.218 EX =
EX =114.193
8. Calculate bearing and distance for line BX

XE
271 37 12
114.193 3.228 -114.147
EB
41 21 59
165.948 124.544 109.670
BX
177 5942
127.850 -127.772 4.477

Bearing AY = 180 - 2 0 24
= 177 5936



Page 41
EXAMPLE 3
The area for Lot 301 is 3299.146 m. Land lord want to apply subdivision for the lot where the area for
lot AXYE is 1113.982 m. Given bearing for line XY is 175 54 34. Calculate distance for line AX,XY and
line YE.

Step by step:
1. Draw line XY
2. Project line XY to AP
3. Calculate distance AP using sin method

Angle AEP = (2771940-180)-101116
= 870824
Angle APE =(1755434 +180)-2771940
= 783454
AP
" 24 ' 08 87 sin
810 . 33
" 54 ' 34 78 sin
=

AP =34.450
LOT 301


Page 42

4. Calculate area AEP
Angle EAP = (101116+180)- 1755434
= 141642
Area = A AP AE sin ) )( (
2
1

= " 42 ' 16 14 sin ) 450 . 34 )( 810 . 33 (
2
1

=143.633

5. Calculate area AXYP
Area AXYP = area AXYE area APE
= 1113.982 - 143.633
= 970.349
6. Draw line perpendicular to line AP and line XY (label as d)
7. From Pythagoras formula:-
Angle MAX = 1755434-894250
= 861144
Tan 861144 =
AM
d

AM =
" 44 ' 11 86 tan
d

AM = d kot 861144
Angle NYP =(1755434+180)-2771940
= 783454
NY = d kot 783454



Page 43

8. Calculate Area AXYP
Area AXYP = area AMX + area MXNP + area PNY
Area AMX = " 44 ' 11 86
2
1
) " 44 ' 11 86 (
2
1
) (
2
1
2
= = kot d d dkot d AM
= 0.033d
Area PNY = " 54 ' 34 78
2
1
2
kot d
= 0.101d
Area MXNP = d(AP-MA)
= d(34.450- d kot 861144)
= 34.450d-0.066d
970.349 = 0.033d + 34.450d-0.066d +0.101d
970.349 = 0.068d+34.450d
Convert to quadratic equation
0.068d + 34.450d - 970.349 = 0 calculate value d using calculator
d = 26.750 ,-53.337 (take positive value only)

9. Calculate distance XY
XY = XN +NY
XN =MP
MP =AP-AM

XY = (AP-AM)+NY
= (34.450 - d kot 861144)+ d kot 783454
= (34.450 26.750 kot 861144)+ 26.750 kot 783454
=38.074



Page 44

10. Calculate AX and EY using trigonometry
sin 861144 =
AX
750 . 26

AX = 26.809
sin 783454 =
PY
750 . 26

PY = 27.290

810 . 33
" 54 ' 34 78 sin " 42 ' 16 14 sin
=
EP

EP = 8.507
EY = PY + EP
= 27.290 + 8.507
= 35.797



Page 45
TUTORIAL 1
The area for Lot243 is 31072.645m. Land lord want to apply subdivision for the lot where the
area for lot ABXY is 1/3 from the whole area. Distance from B to X is 58.310 m. Calculate
distance and bearing for line XY.
Answer : bearing and distance XY = 167.977 183 30 26

TUTORIAL 2
The area for Lot 3241 is 35032.567m. Land lord want to apply subdivision for the lot where the
area for lot ABCXY is 18396.070.Given bearing for line XY is 352 43 04. Calculate distance
for line XY
Answer : bearing and distance XY = 167.977 183 30 26

Chapter 4 : Route
Problems

CHAPTER 4: ROUTE PROBLEMS CG 203 SURVEY COMPUTATION 2


Page 47
PROVE:- Road with different width

Step by step
1. Solve triangulation ABE, BEC and ADC
2. Solve triangulation ABE

PROVE:- Road with different width


Page 48
3. Solve triangulation BEC

4. Solve triangulation ADC

( )

( )
prove



Page 49
EXAMPLE 1 : SAME WIDTH
Calculate bearing and distance for road secant AB. Given the width of road is 30 m.

Step by step
1. Joint point A to B
2. Calculate angle B = (360 - 294 17 52) + 56 02 05
= 1214413

3. Calculate =
2
angleB

=
2
12144'13"

` = 60 52 7
4. Calculate bearing BA = 2941752 + 60 52 7
= 355 09 59
5. Create line A to P perpendicular to road and distance for line AP equal to
Width of the road

6. Calculate distance AB using theorems Pythagoras
sin 60 52 07 =
AB
30

AB = 34.344
P


Page 50
EXAMPLE 2: DIFFERENT WIDTH
Calculate bearing and distance for road secant AB
Step by step
1. Joint point A to B
2. Create line BP perpendicular to road, project line from left road.
3. Calculate angle

117 18 53 - (230 24 46 -180) = 66 54 07



Page 51
4. Calculate angle cot = u
u
cot
40
cos 20
ec

cot = 07" 54' 66 cot
40
07" 54' 66 cos 20
ec

o tan
1
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
07" 54' 66 tan
1
40
07" 54' 66 sin
1
20

o tan
1
= 0.11708
o tan
0.11708
1
=

= 83 19 20

5. Calculate bearing AB = 117 18 53 + 83 19 20
= 200 38 13


sin 83 19 20 =
AB
40

AB = 40.273



Page 52
EXAMPLE 3
Calculate distance CB and area ABCD. Given the width of road is 25m

Step by step
1. Draw line CP and line BQ perpendicular to line DA.
2. Distance CP and BQ = width of road =25
3. Calculate distance DP and QA using theorems Pythagoras
Calculate angle CDP = (22 13 37 + 180) (319 5114 -180)
= 62 22 23

Tan 62 22 23 =

DP = 13.085
Calculate angle CDP = 319 5114 (89 02 56+ 180)
= 50 48 18

Tan 50 48 18 =

QA = 20.386
4. Distance CB = 65.094 -20.386 13.085 = 31.623
5. Area ABCD =
( )
= 1208.963



Page 53
EXAMPLE 4
Calculate distance for secant BD and width of road AE.

Step by step
1. Create line D to P and this line perpendicular to the road
2. Calculate angle B = (8 13 43 + 180) - 110 35 20
= 77 38 23
3. Distance BD
Sin 77 38 23 =
BD
25

BD = 25.593
4. Calculate angle CDB = 1103520 - 8 13 43
= " 37 ' 21 102

5. calculate bearing BC using sin method

593 . 25
sin
232 . 66
" 37 ' 21 102 sin u
=

= 22 10 35

Bearing BC =( 110 35 20 + 180) + 22 10 35
= 312 45 55



Page 54

6. Calculate bearing DE using latit depart

Distance CE =

= 26.814

Bearing ED = Bearing AE

7. Calculate = 1103520 -
= 50 58 00

8. Calculate width of road AE using formula

cot 77 38 23 = 00" 58' 50 cot
25
00" 58' 50 cos
ec AE

AE =
( 00" 58' 50 cot )
00" 58' 50 cos ec

=20.000

DB 08:1343 25.593 25.330 3.663
DC 132:4555 66.232 -44.971 48.624
CE 274:3636 75.665 6.081 -75.420
ED 26.814 13.560 23.133


Page 55
EXAMPLE 5
Calculate bearing and distance for CB.

Step by step
1. Joint line AB
2. Draw line AP perpendicular to road.
3. Project left road to calculate angle for .
4. Calculate angle = (292 59 26 - 180) - 51 58 25
= 61 01 01
5. Calculate angle using formula

cot = 01" 01' 61 cot
30
01" 01' 61 cos 40
ec

o tan
1
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
01" 01' 61 tan
1
30
01" 01' 61 sin
1
40

o tan
1

= 0.97029978
o tan
0.97029978
1
=
= 45 51 49



Page 56
6. Calculate baring BA = 51 58 25 - 45 51 49
= 06 06 36
7. Calculate distance BA using theorems Pythagoras

Sin 45 51 49 =
AB AB
AP 30
=
= 41.801
8. Calculate bearing and distance BC using latit and depart

Distance CE =

= 127.172

Bearing CB = 180-
= 156 39 50

BA 06:0636 41.801 41.564 4.449
AC 323:5427 93.068 75.205 -54.825
CB 1563950 127.172 -116.769 50.376


Page 57
EXAMPLE 6
Given width of road is 25 m. calculate secant BA

Step by step :-
1. Calculate angle CAD using cos method
59.446 = 38.651 + 30.612 - 2(38.651)(30.612 cos
= 1174640

2. Calculate bearing DA
Calculate angle CDA using sin method
651 . 38
sin
59.446
11746'40 sin D
=
D = 35 07 04
Bearing DA = (97 09 05 +180) - 35 07 04
= 242 02 01

3. Calculate angle BAD
" 20 ' 53 58
2
11746'40
=
4. Calculate bearing AB
(242 02 01- 180) - " 20 ' 53 58
= 03 08 41

5. Create line BP perpendicular to road

sin " 20 ' 53 58 =
AB
25

AB = 29.200


Page 58
EXAMPLE 7
Calculate bearing and distance for secant BE

Step by step
Calculate Angle ABC
(45.380+59.983) = 53.279 + 70.425 - 2(53.279)(70.425) cos
= 116 0648
Angle EBC =
2
06'48" 116

= 5803 24
Calculate Distance BE
Sin 5803 24 =
BE
40

BE = 47.138
363 . 105
" 48 ' 06 116 sin
279 . 53
sin
=
u

= 27 00 15
bearing BC = (89 38 36 +180) + 27 00 15
= 296 38 51
Bearing BE = (296 38 51-180) + 5803 24
= 174 42 15
40.000
40.000


Page 59
TUTORIAL 1
Calculate secant AB, distance CB and area ABCD .Given the width of road is 25m
answer : AB = 32.258 CB = 31.623 area= 1208.963

TUTORIAL 2
Calculate secant AB and secant CD, after that calculate area for road ABCD.
Answer AB= 13 15 41 , 33.648 CD = 352 13 36 , 30.159 area ABCD = 2571.775m

Chapter 5 :
Three Point & Three
Distance Problems

CHAPTER 5: THREE POINT & THREE DISTANCES PROBLEMS CG 203 SURVEY COMPUTATION 2


Page 61
THREE POINT & THREE DISTANCES PROBLEMS
EXAMPLE 1
Calculate distance for line BP

Step by step
1. Calculate angle ABC using cos method

109.232 = 65.004 + 77.683 - 2(65.004)( 77.683) cos
= 99 31 35

Tan =
p b
q a
sin
sin

Tan =
" 17 ' 05 21 sin 683 . 77
" 15 ' 03 28 sin 004 . 65

= 47 33 53
3. Calculate angle X+Y = 360 ( " 15 ' 03 28 + " 17 ' 05 21 )-99 31 35
= 211 19 53
Jangan abaikan
value negative
Distance a < distance b


Page 62

4. Calculate angle x-y using formula

tan
2
) (
tan ) 45 tan(
2
y x y x +
=
|

2
53" 19' 211
tan ) 45 53" 33' 47 tan( =
" 29 ' 04 09
2
=
y x

x-y = -18 08 58
5. Calculate value of x and y using simultaneous equation method

x + y = 211 19 53
x - y = -18 08 58
2y = 229 28 51

Y = 114 44 26

x + 114 44 26 = 211 19 53
x = 96 35 27

6. Calculate distance for line BP using sin method

004 . 65
" 17 ' 05 21 sin
BP
26" 44' 114 sin
=

BP = 164.083

Reminder :
Position of angle x must at
triangulation with line b
Distance of b > distance a
Reminder :
Use angle y to calculate BP
because small distance will
give better result


Page 63
EXAMPLE 2
Calculate distance for BP

Step by step

1. Calculate angle ABC

= (329 37 10 -180) -43 45 09
= 105 52 01


Tan =
p b
q a
sin
sin

Tan =
" 13 ' 01 20 sin 145 . 79
" 19 ' 07 29 sin 694 . 56

= 45 31 10
3. Calculate angle X+Y = 360 ( " 19 ' 07 29 + " 13 ' 01 20 )-105 52 01
= 204 59 27



Page 64

tan
2
) (
tan ) 45 tan(
2
y x y x +
=
|

2
27" 59' 204
tan ) 45 10" 31' 45 tan( =
" 34 ' 20 02
2
=
y x

x-y = -04 41 07

x + y = 204 59 27
x - y = -04 41 07
2y = 209 40 34

Y = 104 50 17

x + 104 50 17 = 204 59 27
x = 100 09 10

6. Calculate distance for line BP using sin method

694 . 56
" 13 ' 01 20 sin
BP
17" 50' 104 sin
=

BP = 160.079



Page 65
EXAMPLE 3
Calculate distance PB, PC and PA

Step by step:-
1. Calculate angle x + y = 360 - (1170717 + 1162347) - 621010
= 64 18 46
Tan =
p b
q a
sin
sin

Tan =
" 17 ' 07 117 sin 504 . 122
" 47 ' 23 116 sin 1 . 103

= 40 15 52
tan
2
) (
tan ) 45 tan(
2
y x y x +
=
|

2
46" 18' 64
tan ) 45 52" 15' 40 tan( =
" 45 ' 57 05 = y x



Page 66


x + y = 64 18 46
" 45 ' 57 05 = y x
2y = 70 16 31

Y = 35 08 16

x + 35 08 16 = 64 18 46
x = 29 10 30

8. Calculate distance for line BP,PA & PC using sin method

100 . 103
" 17 ' 07 117 sin
BP
16" 08' 35 sin
=

BP = 66.668

Angle ABP = 180 - (1170717 + 35 08 16)
= 27 44 27

100 . 103
" 17 ' 07 117 sin
AP
27" 44' 27 sin
=

AP = 53.919

Angle PBC = 62 10 10 - 27 44 27
= 34 25 43

504 . 122
" 47 ' 23 116 sin
PC
43" 25' 34 sin
=

BP = 77.323



Page 67
EXAMPLE 4
Calculate distance for line BC

Step by step :-
1. Calculate distance AB using Theorems Pythagoras
100.230 99.210 = 1.02
246.011 210.310 = 35.701

Distance AB =
2 2
) 701 . 35 ( ) 02 . 1 ( +
AB = 35.716

2. Calculate angle APB, PBC and CPD
Angle APB = 336 05 51 - 3522516= 161925
Angle BPC = (360 - 3522516) + 192906= 270350
Angle CPD = 340637 - 192906= 143731

Ignore
negative value


Page 68
EXAMPLE 5
Calculate distance BC using formula

) )(sin (sin
) sin( sin
) )( (
) (
R P
R Q P Q
CD AB
CD BC AB BC + + -
=
+ +

) ' 31 ' 37 14 )(sin " 25 ' 19 16 (sin
) ' 31 ' 37 14 " 50 ' 03 27 " 25 ' 19 16 sin( " 50 ' 03 27 sin
) 588 . 35 )( 716 . 35 (
) 588 . 35 715 . 35 (

+ + -
=
+ + BC BC

71.300BC + (BC) = 6911.715
Solve value of BC using quadratic formula
(BC)+ 71.300BC - 6911.715= 0
BC = 54. 808

Calculate using
calculator
Select positive
value only


Page 69
EXAMPLE 6
Given :-
Distance B-A = 1321.06 m
Distance A-C = 1376.68 m
= 89
0
15 30
= 128
0
20 10
angle BAC = 102
0
45 20
Step by step
Find equation for x+y and x-y
Angle x + y =360 - (89
0
15 30+ 128
0
20 10) -102
0
45 20
= 39 39 00
Tan =
" 30 ' 15 89 sin 68 . 1376
" 10 ' 20 128 sin 06 . 1321

= 36 58 15
tan
2
y x
= tan (36 58 15 - 45) .tan
2
00" 39' 39

x- y = -5 49 21
Find value x and y
x + y = 39 39 00
x- y = -5 49 21
2y = 45 28 21
Y =22 44 11
x + 22 44 11 = 39 39 00
x = 165449


Page 70
calculate distance PA
68 . 1376
" 10 ' 20 128 sin
PA
1654'49" sin
=
PA = 510.612

Calculate Distance PC
Angle PAC = 180 -(165449+ 128
0
20 10)
= 34 45 01
68 . 1376
" 10 ' 20 128 sin
PC
01" 45' 34 sin
=
PC =1000.412
Calculate Distance PB
Angle BAP = 102 45 20 - 34 45 01
= 68 019
1321.06
30" 15' 89 sin 0'19" 68 sin
=
PB

PB = 1225.158



Page 71
TUTORIAL 1

Calculate distance for line BC
Answer BC = 38.528

TUTORIAL 2

Calculate distance for line BP
Answer BP = 107.603

TUTORIAL 3

Calculate distance AP, PB and PC
Answer: AP = 41.381 PB = 37.555 PC = 70.550

TUTORIAL 4

Calculate distance AP, PB and PC
Answer: AP = 29.237 PB = 27.838 PC = 39.062

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