BI GING LP TRNH CHUYN NNG CAO JAVA

LP TRNH HNG I TNG

GV: Nguyn Thanh Tun KHOA TIN HC - HSP

Ni dung
Gii thiu v lp trnh hng i tng (OOP) Cc lp c nh ngha trc Trng v phng thc Static Cc tham s ca phng thc Constructor Getter/Setter

GII THIU V LP TRNH HNG I TNG OOP

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Gii thiu v OOP

OOP l mt phng php lp trnh ph bin hin nay. Thay th cho lp trnh cu trc c pht trin t nhng nm 70 ca th k 20.

Lp trnh cu trc & OOP

Niklaus Wirth: Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs
Lm th no thao tc d liu Lm th no t chc d liu

OOP: Ngc li
T chc d liu trc a ra thut ton thao tc d liu.

Ti sao s dng OOP

T chc chng trnh tt hn

Class
Mt class l mt mu hay mt s thit k cho mt i tng thc t. Khi xy dng mt object t mt class, ta ni to mt th hin (instance) ca class.

Encapsulation (ng gi)

Tp hp d liu v hnh vi vo mt gi v che du s thao tc d liu i vi ngi dng object. D liu trong object c gi l: instance field Th tc thc thi d liu c gi l: method Mt object, l mt th hin ca class, c m t thng qua gi tr ca cc instance field. Tp hp cc gi tr ny gi l trng thi ca object. Object thay i trng thi thng qua vic n nhn cc thng ip.
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c im ca Object
Hnh vi ca object: ci ta c th lm vi object ny hay cc phng thc ta c th s dng cho n. Trng thi ca object: Object s nh th no nu s dng cc phng thc. Chng thc ca object: Object c phn bit nh th no nu c cng trng thi v hnh vi.

Quan h gia cc Class

Dependence ("usesa"): Ph thuc Aggregation ("hasa"): Tng hp
Inheritance ("isa"): K tha

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UML & Class Diagram

UML: Cng c m hnh ha. Class Diagram: S Class

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CC CLASS C NH NGHA TRC

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V d v class Date
Xem file TestCalendar.java

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NH NGHA MT CLASS MI

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nh dng mt class
class ClassName { constructor1 constructor2 ... method1 method2 ... field1 field2 ... }

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class Employee { // constructor public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day) { name = n; salary = s; GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day); hireDay = calendar.getTime(); } // a method public String getName() { return name; } // more methods ... // instance fields private String name; private double salary; private Date hireDay; }

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Constructor
Constructor c tn nh tn class. Mt class c th c nhiu constructor. Mt constructor c th khng c, c mt hoc nhiu tham s. constructor khng tr v gi tr. constructor lun c gi vi ch th new

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Constructor
C 3 loi
Constructor mc nh (Khng c tham s). Constructor tham s. Constructor sao chp.

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Tham s n & hin

public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } number007.raiseSalary( 5 ); double raise = number007 .salary * 5 / 100; number007 .salary += raise;
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Tham s n & hin

public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = this. salary * byPercent / 100; this.salary += raise; }

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Getter & Setter

Phng thc to v ly gi tr ca cc trng. Th hin tnh bao ng. Tt c cc trng u phi khai bo l private

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Private Methods
Cc phng thc ch c s dng trong ni b class v khng c k tha. C th c loi b m khng nh hng n cc class dn xut.

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Final Instance Fields

S dng ch th final khi mun m bo mt trng phi c khi to (c gi tr) khi gi constructor.
class Employee { ... private final String name; }

name khng bao gi thay i sau constructor nn s khng c method setName()

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TRNG V PHNG THC STATIC

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Static Fields
class Employee { ... private int id; private static int nextId = 1; }

Khi khai bo 1000 object ca lp Employee th s c 1000 id nhng ch c mt nextId.

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Static Field
public void setId() { id = nextId; nextId++; }

Set id cho nhn vin tn Harry

harry.setId();

Ngha l:
harry. id = Employee .nextId; Employee. nextId++;
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Static Methods
Cc phng thc thuc mc lp. Truy xut thng qua tn lp khng phi qua i tng.

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Static Method
package bt1; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { PhanSo ps1=PhanSo.parsePhanSo(2/3); PhanSo ps2=PhanSo.parsePhanSo(3/4); PhanSo kq1=ps1.cong(ps2); kq1.xuat(Tng hai phn s ps1 v ps2); PhanSo kq2=ps1.cong(40); kq2.xuat(Tng hai phn s ps1 v 40); }

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