1

(INTRODUCTION)

o o
Bombyx mori
(Asakura Kaplan),
.
,
.
,
.

.
.. dragline, capture
flagelliform.
2

.1. Nephilia edulis (a), Bombyx mori ().

3

 (SILK MECHANICS)
, ,

. ,
()

,
,
, , .
,


.

 (Gpa)

(TENSILE PROPERTIES)

.2.

Figure.2. Comparative mechanical properties of some major
polymer and biopolymer fibres


(TORSIONAL PROPERTIES)

-
,
--
.

.3.
Figure.3. Torsional behaviour of spider silks
8


(SILKWORM FIBER PROPERTIES)

20-25%
, , .
,
, .

.


, ,

, .
9

 ATA
(SPIDER SILK MORPHOLOGY)
.

.4.
Figure.4 .Nephila spider silk ultrastructural details

10



1 2.

.

.
90%
10-15
.
100
.
11

 ATA
(SILKWORM SILK MORPHOLOGY)
,
.

.


.
,
.
12

.5.
Figure.5. Bombyx mori silk ultrastructural details

13


,
:

14


(SPIDER SILK DIVERSITY)

,

.
,
AGR
() ,

.
,
.

.
15

16


(CAPTURE SILKS)
Nephlia


-.

17

.7.
Figure.7. Spider silk structural diversity

18



(RIBBON SILK VS. CYLINDRICAL SILK)

.
. Nephilia
. , Loxosceles
(
).

19

.8.
Figure 8. A spiders extrusion spinning device
20

 :
(SUPERCONTRACTION: WATER PLASTICISATION)

(
).

.
, ,
.

21

 GPa

.9.

Figure.9. Supercontraction and its relation to orientation in dragline silk

22

 :
(SPIDER SILK: LESSONS FROM NATURE)

(
Lepidoptera)
, - .
,
(),
.


- .

23

-
(CO-EVOLUTION OF SILK SPINNING)

.
( )

.

,
,

.

24

.10. ,
Figure.10. Evolution of silk glands, proteins and fibres
25

 :

(SILK PROCESSING: STRUCTURE AND THE ROLE OF
GLYCINE RESIDUES)
,

.


.

26

 ()

.11.

Figure.11. Silk elastomericity and the role of glycine residues
27

 :

(SILK PROCESSING: FIBER FORMATION AND THE
ROLE OF PROLINE RESIDUES)

-.

,

28

 GPa

.12. ,

Figure.12. Structural order and supercontraction,
and proline residues

29

(SILK PROCESSING: PROCESSING VARIABLES)

,

.


().

30

 :
(SILK PROCESSING: THE OTHER INFLUENCES)

,
: -, ,
, () , :
, , . -

. PH
.

.

31

32

.13. , Bombyx mori

Figure.13. Spinning the fibres. Bombyx mori vs. spider ducts
33


(SPIDER GLAND - SPINNING MODE)

.14.
Figure.14. A spiders extrusion spinning device

34

 1 1
2.
.
2 .
.
3

, .
4

.
,
.
5 ,
.
35


(SILK FIBER AND ITS MODELS)
:
) -
) -
) -.

36

-
(ORDER DISORDER)

..

15.

,
,

.

37

.15.
Figure.15. Nanofibril string of bead structure

,

.
38

 (ARTIFICIAL SILKS)

.

,

( ,
)
( ).

39

 (REGENERATED SILKS)

,

,
.
,
,
.

40

 MPa

.16.
Figure.16. Regenerated silk mechanical properties
41

 (REGENERATED SILKS)
, ,

.
17

.
,

.

42

.17.
Figure.17. Regenerated silk rheological properties
43


(GENETICALLY ENGINEERED SILKS)

,
,

.
-
( ).

44


(APPLICATION OF SILK)

:
, , .

.
: , , ,
, .

: , , ,
, .
:
, ,
.
45


(APPLICATION OF SILK)

46

.18. Bombyx mori

Figure.18. Application of silk fibers from Bombyx mori
47


(APPLICATION OF SILK)
,

, .

,


.
.

48


3,4 1,2, ,
. ,
.

.19.
Figure.19. A piece of cloth from spider silk fibers

49


(APPLICATION OF SILK)

20.
Figure 20. Violin strings from spider silk fiber
50


(APPLICATION OF SILK)
2013 ,
,
.
, .

. ,
,
, .

,
.

51

 (CONCLUSION)
.
Bombyx mori Nephilia,

,
.
,

.

.
.

.
, e
-.
52