1

JUDICIAL POWER CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION PRESCRIBED JURISDICTION i.e. OVER SUBJECT MATTER, BY LAW SINDICO V DIAZ 440 SCRA 50 CARPIO-MORALES; October 1, 2004
NATURE Petition for review on certiorari of a eci!ion of t"e R#C of I$oi$o FACTS -%ir&i$io Sin ico, i! t"e re&i!tere owner of a 'arce$ of $an , w"ic" "e $et t"e !'o(!e! E($a$io an Concor ia So)brea c($tivate, wit"o(t "i) !"arin& in t"e 'ro (ce, a! "i! *a!!i!tance in t"e e (cation of "i! co(!in!* inc$( in& efen ant +e$i'e So)brea -After t"e eat" of t"e E($a$io So)brea, +e$i'e contin(e to c($tivate t"e $ot -On ,(ne 20, 1--., Sin ico re/(e!te +e$i'e0! wife for t"e ret(rn of t"e 'o!!e!!ion of t"e $ot b(t t"e $atter re/(e!te ti)e to a vi!e "er "(!ban -Re'eate e)an ! for t"e ret(rn of t"e 'o!!e!!ion of t"e $ot re)aine (n"ee e , forcin& Sin ico to fi$e a civi$ ca!e before t"e R#C a&ain!t t"e !'o(!e! So)brea for Accion Reivin icatoria wit" Pre$i)inar1 Man ator1 In2(nction -#"e efen ant! fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!!, a$$e&in& t"at t"e R#C "a! no 2(ri! iction over t"eir 'er!on an t"at a! t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e ca!e i! an a&ric($t(ra$ $an w"ic" i! covere b1 t"e Co)'re"en!ive A&rarian Refor) Pro&ra) 4CARP5 of t"e &overn)ent, t"e ca!e i! wit"in t"e e6c$(!ive ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction of t"e 3ARA7 in accor ance wit" Section 50 of Re'(b$ic Act 8859 4#:E COMPRE:E;SI%E A<RARIA; RE+ORM LA= O+ 1->>5 -#"e '$aintiff fi$e an O''o!ition a$$e&in& t"at t"e ca!e oe! not invo$ve an a&rarian i!'(te, t"ere bein& no tenanc1 re$ation!"i' or $ea!e"o$ a&ree)ent wit" t"e efen ant!? -#"e R#C of I$oi$o &rante t"e Motion to 3i!)i!! -A! t"eir Motion for Recon!i eration wa! enie b1 t"e tria$ co(rt, t"e '$aintiff!, "erein 'etitioner!, $o &e t"e 're!ent Petition for Review on Certiorari ISSUE =O; t"e 3e'art)ent of A&rarian Refor) A 2( ication 7oar 43ARA75 "a! ori&ina$ an e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e at bar HELD ;o? Ratio. ,(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter i! eter)ine b1 t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint? It i! not affecte b1 t"e '$ea! !et (' b1 t"e efen ant in "i! an!wer or in a )otion to i!)i!!, ot"erwi!e, 2(ri! iction wo($ be e'en ent on "i! w"i)!? Reasoning.#"e a$$e&ation! in 'etitioner0! co)'$aint !"ow t"at t"e action i! one for recover1 of 'o!!e!!ion, not one w"ic" invo$ve! an a&rarian i!'(te? -Section .4 5 of RA 8859 or t"e CARP Law efine! *a&rarian i!'(te* over w"ic" t"e 3ARA7 "a! e6c$(!ive ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction a!@ 4 5 an1 controver!1 re$atin& to ten(ria$ arran&e)ent!, w"et"er $ea!e"o$ , tenanc1, !tewar !"i' or ot"erwi!e, over $an ! evote to a&ric($t(re, inc$( in& i!'(te! concernin& far)worAer! a!!ociation! or re're!entation of 'er!on! in ne&otiatin&, fi6in&, )aintainin&, c"an&in& or !eeAin& to arran&e ter)! or con ition! of !(c" ten(ria$ arran&e)ent! inc$( in& an1 controver!1 re$atin& to co)'en!ation of $an ! ac/(ire (n er t"i! Act an ot"er ter)! an con ition! of tran!fer of owner!"i' fro) $an owner! to far)worAer!, tenant! an ot"er a&rarian refor) beneficiarie!, w"et"er t"e i!'(tant! !tan in t"e 'ro6i)ate re$ation of far) o'erator an beneficiar1, $an owner an tenant, or $e!!or an $e!!ee? -Since pe i i!ne"#$ %c i!n i# !ne &!" "ec!'e"( !& p!##e##i!n %n) )!e# n! in'!*'e %n %+"%"i%n )i#p, e, -e RTC -%# .,"i#)ic i!n !'e" i . Disposition Petition i! &rante ?

JURISDICTION DISTIN/UISHED FROM VENUE MANILA RAILROAD V ATTY. /ENERAL 20 P:IL 52. MORELA;3; 3ece)ber 11, 1-11
NATURE A''ea$ fro) C+I #ar$ac0! 2( &)ent i!)i!!in& t"e action before it on )otion of t"e '$aintiff ('on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e co(rt "a no 2(ri! iction of t"e !(b2ect )atter FACTS - On 3ec 1-09, M$a Rai$roa Co? be&an an action in C+I #ar$ac for t"e con e)nation of 8-,-10 !/? )? rea$ e!tate $ocate in #ar$ac? #"i! i! for con!tr(ction of a rai$roa $ine *fro) Pani/(i to #a1(& in #ar$ac,* a! a(t"oriBe b1 $aw? - 7efore be&innin& t"e action, M$a Rai$roa "a ca(!e to be )a e a t"oro(&" !earc" in t"e Office of t"e Re&i!tr1 of Pro'ert1 an of t"e #a6 w"ere t"e $an ! !o(&"t to be con e)ne were $ocate an to w"o) t"e1 be$on&e ? A! a re!($t of !(c" inve!ti&ation!, it a$$e&e t"at t"e $an ! in /(e!tion were $ocate in #ar$ac? - After fi$in& an ($1 !ervin& t"e co)'$aint, t"e '$aintiff, '(r!(ant to $aw an 'en in& fina$ eter)ination of t"e action, tooA 'o!!e!!ion of an occ('ie t"e $an ! e!cribe in t"e co)'$aint, b(i$ in& it! $ine an '(ttin& t"e !a)e in o'eration? - On Oct 4, M$a Rai$roa &ave notice to t"e efen ant! t"at on Oct? -, a )otion wo($ be )a e to t"e co(rt to i!)i!! t"e action ('on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e co(rt "a no 2(ri! iction of t"e !(b2ect )atter, it "avin& 2(!t been a!certaine b1 t"e '$aintiff t"at t"e $an !o(&"t to be con e)ne wa! !it(ate in t"e Province of ;(eva Eci2a, in!tea of t"e Province of #ar$ac, a! a$$e&e in t"e co)'$aint? #"i! )otion wa! "ear an , after (e con!i eration, t"e tria$ co(rt i!)i!!e t"e action ('on t"e &ro(n 're!ente b1 t"e '$aintiff? ISSUE0S 1? =O; C+I #ar$ac "a! 'ower an a(t"orit1 to taAe co&niBance of con e)nation of rea$ e!tate $ocate in anot"er 'rovince 2? =O; Sec? .991 of t"e Co e of Civi$ Proce (re an Act? ;o? 125> are a''$icab$e an !o t"e C+I "a! no 2(ri! iction HELD 1?CES

SEC. 122. Venue of actions. Action! to confir) tit$e to rea$ e!tate, or to !ec(re a 'artition of rea$ e!tate, or to cance$ c$o( !, or re)ove o(bt! fro) t"e tit$e to rea$ e!tate, or to obtain 'o!!e!!ion of rea$ e!tate, or to recover a)a&e! for in2(rie! to rea$ e!tate, or to e!tab$i!" an1 intere!t, ri&"t, or tit$e in or to rea$ e!tate, or action! for t"e con e)nation of rea$ e!tate for '(b$ic (!e, !"a$$ be bro(&"t in t"e 'rovince were t"e $an !, or !o)e 'art t"ereof, i! !it(ate ; action! a&ain!t e6ec(tor!, a )ini!trator!, an &(ar ian! to(c"in& t"e 'erfor)ance of t"eir officia$ (tie!, an action! for acco(nt an !ett$e)ent b1 t"e), an action! for t"e i!trib(tion of t"e e!tate! of ecea!e 'er!on! a)on& t"e "eir! an i!trib(te!, an action! for t"e 'a1)ent of $e&acie!, !"a$$ be bro(&"t in t"e 'rovince in w"ic" t"e wi$$ wa! a )itte to 'robate, or $etter! of a )ini!tration were &rante , or t"e &(ar ian wa! a''ointe ? An a$$ action! not "erein ot"erwi!e 'rovi e for )a1 be bro(&"t in an1 'rovince w"ere t"e efen ant or an1 nece!!ar1 'art1 efen ant )a1 re!i e or be fo(n , or in an1 'rovince w"ere t"e '$aintiff, e6ce't in ca!e! were ot"er !'ecia$ 'rovi!ion i! )a e in t"i! Co e? In ca!e neit"er t"e '$aintiff nor t"e efen ant re!i e! wit"in t"e P"i$i''ine I!$an ! an t"e action i! bro(&"t to !eiBe or obtain tit$e to 'ro'ert1 of t"e efen ant wit"in t"e P"i$i''ine I!$an ! an t"e action i! bro(&"t to !eiBe or obtain tit$e to 'ro'ert1 of t"e efen ant wit"in t"e P"i$i''ine I!$an !, t"e action !"a$$ be bro(&"t in t"e 'rovince w"ere t"e 'ro'ert1 w"ic" t"e '$aintiff !eeA! to !eiBe or to obtain tit$e to i! !it(ate or i! fo(n @ Provided, t"at in an action for t"e forec$o!(re of a )ort&a&e ('on rea$ e!tate, w"en t"e !ervice ('on t"e efen ant i! not 'er!ona$, b(t i! b1 '(b$ication, in accor ance wit" $aw, t"e action )(!t be bro(&"t in t"e 'rovince w"ere t"e $an $ie!? An in a$$ ca!e! 'roce!! )a1 i!!(e fro) t"e co(rt in w"ic" an action or !'ecia$ 'rocee in& i! 'en in&, to be enforce in an1 'rovince to brin& in efen ant! an to enforce a$$ or er! an ecree! of t"e co(rt? #"e fai$(re of a efen ant to ob2ect to t"e ven(e of t"e action at t"e ti)e of enterin& "i! a''earance in t"e action !"a$$ be ee)e a waiver on "i! 'art of a$$ ob2ection to t"e '$ace or trib(na$ in w"ic" t"e action i! bro(&"t, e6ce't in t"e action! referre to in t"e fir!t !i6teen $ine! of t"i! !ection re$atin& to rea$ e!tate, an action! a&ain!t e6ec(tor!, a )ini!trator!, an &(ar ian!, an for t"e i!trib(tion of e!tate! an 'a1)ent of $e&acie!?

2 Ratio Section! 55 an 582 of Act ;o? 1.8 of t"e P"i$i''ine Co))i!!ion confer 'erfect an co)'$ete 2(ri! iction ('on t"e C+I of t"e!e I!$an ! wit" re!'ect to rea$ e!tate in t"e P"i$i''ine I!$an !? S(c" 2(ri! iction i! not )a e to e'en ('on $oca$it1? #"ere i! no !(&&e!tion of $i)itation? #"e 2(ri! iction i! (niver!a$? It i! now"ere !(&&e!te , )(c" $e!! 'rovi e , t"at a C+I of one 'rovince, re&($ar$1 !ittin& in !ai 'rovince, )a1 not (n er certain con ition! taAe co&niBance of an action ari!in& in anot"er 'rovince or of an action re$atin& to rea$ e!tate $ocate o(t!i e of t"e bo(n arie! of t"e 'rovince to w"ic" it )a1 at t"e ti)e be a!!i&ne ? JURISDICTION OVER PERSON OF THE PLAINTIFF - Proce (re oe! not a$ter or c"an&e t"at 'ower or a(t"orit1; it !i)'$1 irect! t"e )anner in w"ic" it !"a$$ be f($$1 an 2(!t$1 e6erci!e ? #o be !(re, in certain ca!e!, if t"at 'ower i! not e6erci!e in confor)it1 wit" t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e 'roce (ra$ $aw, '(re$1, t"e co(rt atte)'tin& to e6erci!e it $o!e! t"e 'ower to e6erci!e it $e&a$$1? #"i! oe! not )ean t"at it $o!e! 2(ri! iction of t"e !(b2ect )atter? It )ean! !i)'$1 t"at "e )a1 t"ereb1 $o!e 2(ri! iction of t"e 'er!on or t"at t"e 2( &)ent )a1 t"ereb1 be ren ere efective for $acA of !o)et"in& e!!entia$ to !(!tain it? #"ere i!, of co(r!e, an i)'ortant i!tinction between 'er!on an !(b2ect )atter are bot" conferre b1 $aw? A! to t"e !(b2ect )atter, not"in& can c"an&e t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over i)ini!" it or ictate w"en it !"a$$ attac" or w"en it !"a$$ be re)ove ? #"at i! a )atter of $e&i!$ative enact)ent w"ic" none b(t t"e $e&i!$at(re )a1 c"an&e? On t"e ot"er "an , t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over t"e 'er!on i!, in !o)e in!tance!, )a e to efen on t"e con!ent or ob2ection, on t"e act! or o)i!!ion! of t"e 'artie! or an1 of t"e)? ,(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on, "owever, )a1 be conferre b1 con!ent, e6're!!$1 or i)'$ie $1 &iven, or it )a1, b1 an ob2ection, be 'revente fro) attac"in& or re)ove after it "a! attac"e ? 2? ;O Ratio Sec? .99 contain! no e6're!! in"ibition a&ain!t t"e co(rt? #"e 'ro"ibition 'rovi e t"erein i! c$ear$1 irecte a&ain!t t"e one w"o be&in! t"e action an $a1! t"e ven(e? #"e co(rt, before t"e action i! co))ence , "a! not"in& to o wit" it eit"er? #"e '$aintiff oe! bot"? On$1 w"en t"at i! one oe! t"e !ection be&in to o'erate effective$1 !o far a! t"e co(rt i! concerne ? #"e 'ro"ibition i! not a $i)itation on t"e 'ower of t"e co(rt b(t on t"e ri&"t! of t"e '$aintiff? It e!tab$i!"e! a re$ation not between t"e co(rt an t"e !(b2ect, b(t between t"e '$aintiff an t"e efen ant? It re$ate! not to 2(ri! iction b(t to tria$? It !i)'$1 &ive! to efen ant t"e (n/(a$ifie ri&"t, if "e e!ire! it, to "ave t"e tria$ taAe '$ace w"ere "i! $an $ie! an w"ere, 'robab$1, a$$ of "i! witne!!e! $ive? It! ob2ect i! to !ec(re to "i) a convenient tria$? JURISDICTION OVER PERSON OF THE PLAINTIFF - #"at it "a 2(ri! iction of t"e 'er!on! of a$$ t"e 'artie! i! in i!'(tab$e? #"at 2(ri! iction wa! obtaine not on$1 b1 t"e (!(a$ co(r!e of 'ractice t"at i!, b1 t"e 'roce!! of t"e co(rt - b(t a$!o b1 con!ent e6're!!$1 &iven, i! a''arent? #"e '$aintiff !(b)itte it!e$f to t"e 2(ri! iction b1 be&innin& t"e action? #"e efen ant! are now in t"i! co(rt a!Ain& t"at t"e action be not i!)i!!e b(t contin(e ? #"e1 are not on$1 nor ob2ectin& to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt b(t, rat"er, are "ere on t"i! a''ea$ for t"e '(r'o!e of )aintainin& t"at ver1 2(ri! iction over t"e)? ;or i! t"e '$aintiff in an1 'o!ition to a!Ae for favor!? It i! c$ear$1 &(i$t1 of &ro!! ne&$i&ence in t"e a$$e&ation! of it! co)'$aint, if t"e $an oe! not $ie in #ar$ac a! it now a!!ert!? 3DISTIN/UISHED FROM VENUE - #"e fact t"at !(c" a 'rovi!ion a''ear! in t"e 'roce (ra$ $aw at once rai!e! a !tron& 're!()'tion t"at it "a! not"in& to o wit" t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over t"e !(b2ect )atter? It beco)e! )ere$1 a )atter of )et"o , of convenience to t"e 'artie! $iti&ant? If t"eir intere!t! are be!t !(b!erve b1 brin&in& in t"e Co(rt In!tance of t"e cit1 of Mani$a an action affectin& $an ! in t"e Province of I$oco! ;orte, t"ere i! no contro$$in& rea!on w"1 !(c" a co(r!e !"o($ not be fo$$owe ? #"e )atter i!, (n er t"e $aw, entire$1 wit"in t"e contro$ of eit"er 'art1? #"e
2

'$aintiffD! intere!t! !e$ect t"e ven(e? If !(c" !e$ection i! not in accor ance wit" !ection .99, t"e efen ant )a1 )aAe ti)e$1 ob2ection an , a! a re!($t, t"e ven(e i! c"an&e to )eet t"e re/(ire)ent! of t"e $aw? - Section .99 of t"e Co e of Civi$ Proce (re i! not a''$icab$e to action! b1 rai$roa cor'oration! to con e)n $an !; an t"at, w"i$e wit" t"e con!ent of efen ant! e6're!! or i)'$ie t"e ven(e )a1 be $ai an t"e action trie in an1 'rovince !e$ecte b1 t"e '$aintiff nevert"e$e!! t"e efen ant! w"o!e $an ! $ie in one 'rovince, or an1 one of !(c" efen ant!, )a1, b1 ti)e$1 a''$ication to t"e co(rt, re/(ire t"e ven(e a! to t"eir, or, if one efen ant, "i!, $an ! to be c"an&e to t"e 'rovince w"ere t"eir or "i! $an ! $ie? In !(c" ca!e t"e action a! to a$$ of t"e efen ant! not ob2ectin& wo($ contin(e in t"e 'rovince w"ere ori&ina$$1 be&(n? It wo($ be !evere a! to t"e ob2ectin& efen ant! an or ere contin(e before t"e co(rt of t"e a''ro'riate 'rovince or 'rovince!? ="i$e we are of t"at o'inion an !o "o$ it can not affect t"e eci!ion in t"e ca!e before (! for t"e rea!on t"at t"e )e&en)%n # %"e n! !6.ec in+ ! -e 'en,e %n) %"e n! %#7in+ &!" % c-%n+e -e"e!&? #"e1 "ave not on$1 e6're!!$1 !(b)itte t"e)!e$ve! to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt b(t are "ere a!Ain& t"at t"at 2(ri! iction be )aintaine a&ain!t t"e effort! of t"e '$aintiff to re)ove it? Disposition #"e 2( &)ent )(!t be RE%ERSE3 an t"e ca!e REMA;3E3 to t"e trial co(rt wit" irection to 'rocee wit" t"e action accor in& to $aw?

JURISDITION VOID ABBAIN V. CHUA 88 SCRA 29: S%nc-e;< Fe6",%"( 85, =>5:
NATURE 3irect a''ea$ to t"e SC FACTS - Marc" 12, 1-5>@ #on&"a) C"(a co))ence !(it for forcib$e entr1 an i$$e&a$ etainer a&ain!t :atib Abbain wit" t"e ,(!tice of t"e Peace 4,OP5 Co(rt of 7on&ao, S($(? C"(aD! averre t"at "e i! t"e owner of a 4-"ectare $an to&et"er wit" t"e i)'rove)ent! t"ereon )o!t$1 cocon(t tree! $ocate in Maranin&, 7on&ao, S($(; t"at t"i! $an wa! onate to "i) b1 "i! fat"er, S(bin& C"(a, in 1-52 an fro) t"at ate "e "a! a!!()e owner!"i' t"ereof, taAen 'o!!e!!ion of t"e $an an 'ai t"e corre!'on in& ta6e! 1ear$1; t"at fro) 1-52-1-5>, Abbain "a! been "i! tenant an t"e two ivi e t"e fr(it! or co'ra "arve!te t"erefro) on 50-50ba!i!; t"at in 1-59, Abbain b1 )ean! of force, !trate&1 an !tea$t" (n$awf($$1 entere an !ti$$ occ('ie! t"e $an in /(e!tion after C"(a "ave re'eate $1 e)an e of "i) to vacate t"e 're)i!e! (e to "i! fai$(re to &ive c"(a0! !"are of t"e !evera$ "arve!t!? LC@ ,OP Mana&($a ren ere 2( &)ent irectin& Abbain to vacate t"e 're)i!e! an '$ace C"(a in 'o!!e!!ion of t"e '$antation, wit" co!t!? #"i! 2( &)ent wa! 're icate ('on t"e fin in&! t"at !o)eti)e before ==II, Abbain, beca(!e of financia$ "ar !"i', !o$ for P225 to S(bin& C"(a t"e cocon(t '$antation; t"at after t"e !a$e, Abbain beca)e t"e tenant of C"(a, t"e "arve!t! of t"e $an ivi e on a 50-50 ba!i!; t"at !(b!e/(ent$1, S(bin& C"(a onate t"e '$antation to "i! !on, #on&"a) C"(a, an Abbain, t"e !a)e tenant of t"e fat"er, contin(e to be t"e tenant on t"e $an ? - Abbain fi$e a 'etition in t"e C+I of S($( a&ain!t #on&"a) C"(a an ,( &e Mana&($a, !eeAin& re$ief fro) t"e 2( &)ent of t"e ,O#P Co(rt anrEor ann($)ent of it! eci!ion wit" 're$i)inar1 in2(nction? :e averre t"at t"e JOTP Court did not have jurisdiction over the civil case an t"at !ai case was within the e clusive original jurisdiction of the Court of !grarian Relations "C!R#. C+I of S($(@ 'etition i!)i!!e wit"o(t ca(!e -F'etitioner "a! not 're!ente an1 'roof or !"owin& of $an $or an tenant re$ation!"i' between t"e 'artie!* to brin& t"e ca!e wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e CAR, an t"at ('on t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint, t"e ca!e i! *c$ear$1 one of e2ect)ent?* ISSUE =O; t"e ,O#P Co(rt "a! 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e fi$e b1 C"(a

SEC. 44. Jurisdiction of Courts of First Instance . #"e 2(ri! iction of Co(rt! of +ir!t In!tance !"a$$ be of two Ain !@ 1? Ori&ina$; an 2? A''e$$ate? SEC. 45. Its original jurisdiction ? Co(rt! of +ir!t In!tance !"a$$ "ave ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction@ 2? In a$$ civi$ action! w"ic" invo$ve t"e tit$e to or 'o!!e!!ion of rea$ 'ro'ert1, or an1 intere!t t"erein, or t"e $e&a$it1 of an1 ta6, i)'o!t, or a!!e!!)ent, e6ce't action! of forcib$e entr1 into, an etainer of $an ! or b(i$ in&!, ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction of w"ic" i! b1 t"i! Act conferre ('on co(rt! of 2(!tice of t"e 'eace?

. HELD NO Ratio. ="ere a 2( &)ent or 2( icia$ or er i! voi in t"i! !en!e it )a1 be !ai to be a $aw$e!! t"in&, w"ic" can be treate a! an o(t$aw an !$ain at !i&"t, or i&nore w"erever an w"enever it e6"ibit! it! "ea ? An in <o)eB v!? Conce'cion, t"i! Co(rt /(ote wit" a''rova$ t"e fo$$owin& fro) +ree)an on ,( &)ent!@ *A voi 2( &)ent i! in $e&a$ effect no 2( &)ent? 71 it no ri&"t! are ive!te ? +ro) it no ri&"t! can be obtaine ? 7ein& wort"$e!! in it!e$f, a$$ 'rocee in&! fo(n e ('on it are e/(a$$1 wort"$e!!? It neit"er bin ! nor bar! an1 one? A$$ act! 'erfor)e (n er it an a$$ c$ai)! f$owin& o(t of it are voi ? #"e 'artie! atte)'tin& to enforce it )a1 be re!'on!ib$e a! tre!'a!!er!? #"e '(rc"a!er at a !a$e b1 virt(e of it! a(t"orit1 fin ! "i)!e$f wit"o(t tit$e an wit"o(t re re!!?* Since t"e 2( &)ent "ere on it! face i! voi ab initio, t"e $i)ite 'erio ! for re$ief fro) 2( &)ent in R($e .> are ina''$icab$e? #"at 2( &)ent i! v($nerab$e to attacA *in an1 wa1 an at an1 ti)e, even w"en no a''ea$ "a! been taAen?* Reasoning. #"e 'rovi!ion! of Sec? 21 of RA 11-- 4a''rove A(&(!t .0, 1-545, Anown a! t"e A&ric($t(ra$ #enanc1 Act of t"e P"i$i''ine!, rea @ "SEC. 21. Ejectment; violation; jurisdiction. All cases involving the dispossession of a tenant ! the landholder or ! a third part! and"or the settlement and disposition of disputes arising from the relationship of landholder and tenant# as $ell as the violation of an! of the provisions of this Act# shall e under the original and e%clusive jurisdiction of such court as ma! no$ or hereafter e authori&ed ! la$ to ta'e cogni&ance of tenanc! relations anddisputes." Sec? 9, RA 1289, creatin& t"e +ir!t Co(rt of A&rarian Re$ation!, effective ,(ne 14, 1-55, a! a)en e b1 Re'(b$ic Act 140- w"ic" tooA effect on Se'te)ber -, 1-55,'rovi e!( "SEC. ). *urisdiction of the Court. +he Court shall have original and e%clusive jurisdiction over the entire Philippines# to consider# investigate# decide# and settle all ,uestions# matters# controversies or disputes involving all those relationships esta lished ! la$ $hich determine the var!ing rights of persons in the cultivation and use of agricultural land $here one of the parties $or's the land." - C"(aD! co)'$aint wa! fi$e on Marc" 12, 1-5> G $on& after RA0! 11--, 1289 an 140- were incor'orate in o(r !tat(te booA!? C"(aD! co)'$aint 'o!itive$1 averre t"at :atib Abbain i! "i! tenant on a 50-50 !"arin& ba!i! of t"e "arve!t; an t"at "e !eeA! e2ect)ent of :atib Abbain * (e to "i! non-co)'$iance of o(r a&ree)ent of "i! &ivin& )1 !"are of t"e !evera$ "arve!t! "e )a e?* #"e ,O#P Co(rt it!e$f fo(n t"at Abbain contin(e to be t"e tenant of C"(a after t"e $atter beca)e owner of t"e '$antation w"ic" "e ac/(ire fro) "i! fat"er b1 virt(e of a onation; an t"at Abbain ref(!e to &ive *t"e !"are of "i! $an $or of t"e "arve!t?* - If bot" t"e co)'$aint an t"e inferior co(rtD! 2( &)ent "ave an1 )eanin& at a$$, it i! t"at t"e ,O#P Co(rt "a no 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e? Ri&"t at t"e o(t!et, t"e co)'$aint !"o($ "ave been re2ecte ? +ai$in& in t"i!, t"e ca!e !"o($ "ave been i!)i!!e (rin& t"e co(r!e of t"e tria$, w"en it beca)e a$$ t"e )ore evi ent t"at a $an $or -tenant re$ation!"i' e6i!te ? #"e 2( &e "a no 'ower to eter)ine t"e ca!e? 7eca(!e C"(aD! !(it co)e! wit"in t"e covera&e of Sec? 21, R?A? 11-- t"at *ca!e! invo$vin& t"e i!'o!!e!!ion of a tenant b1 t"e $an "o$ er,* !"a$$ be (n er t"e *ori&ina$ an e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction of !(c" co(rt a! )a1 now or "ereafter be a(t"oriBe b1 $aw to taAe co&niBance of tenanc1 re$ation! an i!'(te!*, an t"e broa !wee' of Section 9, RA 1289, w"ic" $o &e wit" t"e CAR *ori&ina$ an e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction ? ? ? to con!i er, inve!ti&ate, eci e, an !ett$e a$$ /(e!tion!, )atter!, controver!ie! or i!'(te! invo$vin& a$$ t"o!e re$ation!"i'! e!tab$i!"e b1 $aw w"ic" eter)ine t"e var1in& ri&"t! of 'er!on! in t"e c($tivation an (!e of a&ric($t(ra$ $an w"ere one of t"e 'artie! worA! t"e $an ?* ,(ri!'r( ence "a! !ince !tabi$iBe t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e CAR over ca!e! of t"i! nat(re? S(c" e6c$(!ive a(t"orit1 i! not ive!te b1 a )ere aver)ent on t"e 'art of t"e tenant t"at "e a!!ert! owner!"i' over t"e $an , *!ince t"e $aw oe! not e6c$( e fro) t"e 2(ri! iction* of t"e CAR, *ca!e! in w"ic" a tenant c$ai)! owner!"i' over t"e $an &iven to "i) for c($tivation b1 t"e $an $or ?* #"e 2( &)ent an 'rocee in&! of t"e ,(!tice of t"e Peace Co(rt are n($$ an voi ? The judg$ent of the JOTP Court is not $erel% a voida&le judg$ent. It is void on its face. It $a% &e attac'ed directl% or collaterall%? :ere, t"e attacA i! irect? Abbain !o(&"t to ann($ t"e 2( &)ent? Even after t"e ti)e for a''ea$ or review "a e$a'!e , a''e$$ant co($ brin&, a! "e bro(&"t, !(c" an action? More, "e a$!o !o(&"t to en2oin enforce)ent of t"at 2( &)ent? In var1in& $an&(a&e, t"e Co(rt "a! e6're!!e it! re'robation for 2( &)ent! ren ere b1 a co(rt wit"o(t 2(ri! iction? S(c" a 2( &)ent i! "e$ to be a dead li$& on the judicial tree( which should &e lopped of) or wholl% disregarded as the circu$stances re*uire. Disposition #"e eci!ion of t"e ,O#P Co(rt of S($( i! ann($$e ?

JURISDICTION BY ESTOPPEL /ene"%* ",*e? SEAFDEC V NLRC @LAZA/AA 8B5 SCRA 8:1 NOCON, Fe6",%"( =9, =>>9
NATURE Petition for certiorari to review t"e eci!ion of t"e ;LRC FACTS -SEA+3EC-AH3 i! a e'art)ent of an internationa$ or&aniBation, t"e So(t"ea!t A!ian +i!"erie! 3eve$o')ent Center? Private Re!'on ent LaBa&a wa! "ire a! a Re!earc" A!!ociate an event(a$$1 beca)e t"e :ea of E6terna$ Affair! Office of SEA+3EC-AH3? :owever, "e wa! ter)inate a$$e&e $1 (e to financia$ con!traint! bein& e6'erience b1 SEA+EC-AH3? :e wa! !(''o!e to receive !e'aration benefit! b(t SEA+3EC-AH3 fai$e to 'a1 'rivate re!'on ent "i! !e'aration 'a1 !o LaBa&a fi$e a co)'$aint for non-'a1)ent of !e'aration benefit!, '$(! )ora$ a)a&e! an attorne10! fee! wit" t"e ;LRC? -In t"eir A;S=ER =I#: COI;#ERCLAIM, SEA+3EC a$$e&e t"at ;LRC "a! n! .,"i#)ic i!n !'e" -e c%#e 6ec%,#e? 415 It i! an internationa$ or&aniBation; 425 LaBa&a )(!t fir!t !ec(re c$earance! fro) t"e 'ro'er e'art)ent! for 'ro'ert1 or )one1 acco(ntabi$it1 before an1 c$ai) for !e'aration 'a1 wi$$ be 'ai 4an c$earance! "a! not been 'ai 5 COI;#ERCLAIM@ LaBa&a "a 'ro'ert1 acco(ntabi$it1 an o(t!tan in& ob$i&ation to SEA+3EC-AH3 a)o(ntin& to P29, 5.2?11 an t"at LaBa&a wa! not entit$e to t"e accr(e !icA $eave benefit! (e to "i! fai$(re to avai$ of t"e !a)e (rin& "i! e)'$o1)ent -LA@ for LaBa&a -;LRC@ affir)e LA, e$ete attorne10! fee! an act(a$ a)a&e! -SEA+3EC-AH3 fi$e M+R, enie ISSUES 1? =O; SEA+EC-AH3 i! i))(ne fro) !(it owin& to it! internationa$ c"aracter 2? =O; SEA+3EC-AH3 i! e!to''e fro) c$ai)in& t"at t"e co(rt "a no 2(ri! iction HELD 1? CES Ratio. 7ein& an inter&overn)enta$ or&aniBation, SEA+3EC inc$( in& it! e'art)ent! en2o1! f(nctiona$ in e'en ence an free o) fro) contro$ of t"e !tate in w"o!e territor1 it! office i! $ocate ? Reasoning. One of t"e ba!ic i))(nitie! of an internationa$ or&aniBation i! i))(nit1 fro) $oca$ 2(ri! iction 4i))(ne fro) $e&a$ writ! an 'roce!!e! i!!(e b1 t"e trib(na$! of t"e co(ntr1 w"ere it i! fo(n 5 t"at t"e !(b2ection of !(c" an or&aniBation to t"e a(t"orit1 of t"e $oca$ co(rt! wo($ affor a convenient )e i() t"r( w"ic" t"e "o!t &overn)ent )a1 interfere in t"eir o'eration! or even inf$(ence or contro$ it! 'o$icie! an eci!ion! of t"e or&aniBation? S(c" !(b2ection to $oca$ 2(ri! iction wo($ i)'air t"e ca'acit1 of !(c" bo 1 to i!c"ar&e it! re!'on!ibi$itie! i)'artia$$1 on be"a$f of it! )e)ber-!tate!? 2? ;O Ratio. E!to''e$ oe! not a''$1 to confer 2(ri! iction to a trib(na$ t"at "a! none over a ca(!e of action? ,(ri! iction i! conferre b1 $aw? ="ere t"ere i! none, no a&ree)ent of t"e 'artie! can 'rovi e one? Sett$e i! t"e r($e t"at t"e eci!ion of a trib(na$ not ve!te wit" a''ro'riate 2(ri! iction i! n($$ an voi ? -#"e $acA of 2(ri! iction of a co(rt )a1 be rai!e at an1 !ta&e of t"e 'rocee in&!, even on a''ea$? -#"e i!!(e of 2(ri! iction i! not $o!t b1 waiver or b1 e!to''e$

ECcep i!n? SOLIVEN '# FASTFORMS PHILS. 99B SCRA 1:> S%n)!'%*-/, ie""e;, Oc !6e" =:, 8BB9
NATURE -'etition for review on certiorari FACTS -Petitioner Marie Antoinette So$iven fi$e a co)'$aint for P1-5,155 a! act(a$ a)a&e! wit" P200A a! )ora$ a)a&e!, P100A a! e6e)'$ar1 a)a&e! an P100A a! attorne10! fee! a&ain!t re!'on ent +a!tfor) P"i$!?, wit" t"e MaAati R#C? It a$$e&e t"at re!'on ent, t"ro(&" it! 're!i ent 3r? E!cobar, obtaine a $oan fro) 'etitioner 4P190A5 'a1ab$e wit"in 21 a1! wit" .J intere!t? On t"e !a)e a1, re!'on ent i!!(e a 'o!t ate c"ecA for P190A K P5A int? . weeA! $ater, E!cobar a vi!e 'etitioner not to e'o!it t"e c"ecA a! t"e acco(nt fro) w"ere it wa! rawn "a in!(fficient f(n ! an in!tea 'ro'o!e t"at t"e P195A be ro$$e -over wit" 5J )ont"$1 intere!t, to w"ic" t"e $atter a&ree ? Re!'on ent i!!(e !evera$ c"ecA! a! 'a1)ent for intere!t! for 5 )ont"! b(t t"ereafter ref(!e to 'a1 it! 'rinci'a$ ob$i&ation e!'ite 'etitioner0! re'eate e)an !? -In it! co(nterc$ai), re!'on ent enie obtainin& t"e $oan an t"at it i not a(t"oriBe E!cobar to !ec(re !ai $oan or i!!(e c"ecA! a! 'a1)ent for intere!t!? After a tria$ on t"e )erit!, t"e co(rt or ere re!'on ent to 'a1 t"e a)o(nt of t"e $oan '$(! intere!t an attorne1! fee!, b(t )ora$ an e6e)'$ar1 a)a&e! a! we$$ a! t"e co(nterc$ai) were i!)i!!e ? -Re!'on ent fi$e a M+R /(e!tionin& t"e co(rt0! 2(ri! iction a$$e&in& t"at !ince t"e 'rinci'a$ e)an 4P1-5,1555 i not e6cee P200A, t"e co)'$aint !"o($ "ave been fi$e wit" t"e M#C, '(r!(ant to RA 98-1? #"e #C enie t"e M+R !ince t"e tota$it1 of t"e c$ai) e6cee e 200A an !ince re!'on ent wa! e!to''e fro) /(e!tionin& 2(ri! iction? On a''ea$, t"e CA rever!e t"e #C eci!ion on t"e &ro(n of $acA of 2(ri! iction an t"at re!'on ent )a1 a!!ai$ 2(ri! iction of t"e #C an1ti)e even for t"e fir!t ti)e on a''ea$? Petitioner fi$e an M+R w"ic" wa! enie b1 t"e CA, "ence t"i! 'etition? ISSUE @MeD6e"# !& "e*i+i!,# +"!,pA =O; t"e tria$ co(rt "a! 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e HELD ;O? Ratio. ="i$e it i! tr(e t"at 2(ri! iction )a1 be rai!e at an1 ti)e, t"i! r($e 're!(''o!e! t"at e!to''e$ "a! not !('ervene ? Since re!'on ent active$1 'artici'ate in a$$ !ta&e! of t"e 'rocee in&! before t"e #C an even !o(&"t affir)ative re$ief, it i! e!to''e fro) c"a$$en&in& t"e #C0! 2(ri! iction, e!'ecia$$1 !ince an a ver!e 2( &)ent "a been ren ere ? A 'art1 cannot invoAe t"e 2(ri! iction of a co(rt to !ec(re affir)ative re$ief a&ain!t "i! o''onent an after obtainin& or fai$in& to obtain !(c" re$ief, re'( iate t"at !a)e 2(ri! iction? Reasoning. Section . of RA 98-1 'rovi e! t"at w"ere t"e a)o(nt of t"e e)an in t"e co)'$aint in!tit(te in Metro Mani$a oe! not e6cee P200A, e6c$(!ive of intere!t, a)a&e! of w"atever Ain , att10! fee!, $iti&ation e6'en!e! an co!t!, t"e e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction over t"e !a)e i! ve!te in t"e Metro'o$itan #ria$ co(rt, M(nici'a$ #ria$ Co(rt an M(nici'a$ Circ(it #ria$ Co(rt? -A )ini!trative Circ($ar 0---4 !'ecifie! &(i e$ine! in t"e i)'$e)entation of RA 98-1? Par 2 of t"e Circ($ar 'rovi e! t"at t"e ter) F a)a&e! of w"atever Ain L a''$ie! on$1 to ca!e! w"ere a)a&e! are )ere$1 a con!e/(ence of t"e )ain action? In t"e in!tant ca!e, t"e )ain ca(!e of action i! t"e co$$ection of t"e ebt a)o(ntin& to P1-5A? #"e a)a&e! bein& c$ai)e are )ere$1 inci enta$ an are t"(! not inc$( e in eter)inin& t"e 2(ri! ictiona$ a)o(nt? Disposition. =:ERE+ORE, t"e in!tant 'etition i! <RA;#E3

SOUTHERN FOOD SALES CORPORATION '#. SALAS 8B5 SCRA 111 MEDIALDEA< Fe6 =:, =>>8
NATURE Petition for certiorari FACTS - ,($1 1-9- M Private re!'on ent La(rente 4for)er !a$e !('ervi!or of 'etitioner cor'oration5 wa! notifie an a vi!e of "i! i))e iate ter)ination for &ro!! ne&$ect of (t1 an Eor i!"one!t1 - A(&(!t 1-9- - La(rente in!tit(te a civi$ action for a)a&e! a&ain!t S+SC an Siao, it! )ana&er - La(rente fi$e a co)'$aint for i$$e&a$ i!)i!!a$ 4$abor ca!e5? - ,an(ar1 1->0 - Petitioner! fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! on Civi$ Ca!e, c$ai)in& t"at t"e 2(ri! iction !"o($ be ve!te wit" t"e ;LRC? - +ebr(ar1 5, 1->0 - it wa! fo(n t"at t"e ter)ination of t"e co)'$ainant wa! for a 2(!t an va$i ca(!e - +ebr(ar1 2>, 1->0 M #"e co(rt in Civi$ Ca!e eferre t"e eter)ination of t"e )otion to i!)i!! (nti$ after tria$? - Petitioner! fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration b(t it wa! enie ? #"(!, t"i! 'etition for t"e i!!(ance of a writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction? ISSUE =O; t"e re!'on ent 2( &e co))itte &rave ab(!e of i!cretion w"en it eferre t"e eter)ination or re!o$(tion of t"e )otion to i!)i!! /(e!tionin& t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over c$ai)! for a)a&e!? HELD ;O? Ratio *4t5"e r($e i! t"at w"ere a co(rt "a! a$rea 1 obtaine an i! e6erci!in& 2(ri! iction over a controver!1, it! 2(ri! iction to 'rocee to t"e fina$ eter)ination of t"e ca(!e i! not affecte b1 new $e&i!$ation '$acin& 2(ri! iction over !(c" 'rocee in&! in anot"er trib(na$? #"e e6ce'tion to t"e r($e i! w"ere t"e !tat(te e6're!!$1 'rovi e!, or i! con!tr(e to t"e effect t"at it i! inten e to o'erate a! to action! 'en in& before it! enact)ent? ="ere a !tat(te c"an&in& t"e 2(ri! iction of a co(rt "a! no retroactive effect, it cannot be a''$ie to a ca!e t"at wa! 'en in& 'rior to t"e enact)ent of t"e !tat(te?* 47en&Bon v? Incion&5 Reasoning a? Artic$e 219 4a5 445 of t"e Labor Co e a! a)en e b1 Section - of Re'(b$ic Act ;o? 8915 c$ear$1 'rovi e! t"at t"e $abor arbiter !"a$$ "ave ori&ina$ an e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction to "ear an eci e c$ai)! for act(a$, )ora$, e6e)'$ar1 an ot"er for)! of a)a&e! ari!in& fro) an e)'$o1er-e)'$o1ee re$ation!"i'? :owever, w"en t"e civi$ ca!e for a)a&e! wa! in!tit(te in 1-9-, t"e a''$icab$e $aw t"en wa! Artic$e 219 4a5 4.5 of t"e Labor Co e a! a)en e b1 Pre!i entia$ 3ecree ;o? 1.89 4Ma1 1, 1-9>5 w"ic" 'rovi e! t"at -a or Ar iters shall not entertain claims for moral or other forms of damages. b? #o re/(ire t"e 'rivate re!'on ent to fi$e a !in&$e !(it co)binin& "i! action! for i$$e&a$ i!)i!!a$ an a)a&e! in t"e ;LRC wo($ be to !anction t"e retroactivit1 of Re'(b$ic Act ;o? 8915 w"ic" tooA effect on Marc" 21, 1->-, w"ere t"e !a)e $aw oe! not e6're!!$1 !o 'rovi e, or oe! not inten to o'erate a! to action! 'en in& before it! enact)ent, "ence 're2( icia$ to t"e or er$1 a )ini!tration of 2(!tice? Disposition. #"e 'etition i! 3ISMISSE3 for $acA of )erit?

ACEUIRED JURISDICTION OVER THE PERSON O& -e p*%in i&& MANILA RAILROAD V ATTY. /ENERAL @p%+e =A
FACTS -Mani$a Rai$roa fi$e an action for con e)nation 'rocee in&! in C+I of #ar$ac w"en t"e1 Anew t"at t"e $an ! concerne are fo(n in ;(eva Eci2a? ;ow t"e1 are a!!ai$in& t"e 2(ri! iction of C+I #ar$ac? ACEUIRED JURISDICTION OVER THE PERSON O& -e p*%in i&&?

ONCE ATTACHED, JURISDICTION NOT OUSTED BY SUBSEEUENT STATUTE UNLESS SO PROVIDED

5 Proce (re oe! not a$ter or c"an&e t"at 'ower or a(t"orit1; it !i)'$1 irect! t"e )anner in w"ic" it !"a$$ be f($$1 an 2(!t$1 e6erci!e ? #o be !(re, in certain ca!e!, if t"at 'ower i! not e6erci!e in confor)it1 wit" t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e 'roce (ra$ $aw, '(re$1, t"e co(rt atte)'tin& to e6erci!e it $o!e! t"e 'ower to e6erci!e it $e&a$$1? #"i! oe! not )ean t"at it $o!e! 2(ri! iction of t"e !(b2ect )atter? It )ean! !i)'$1 t"at "e )a1 t"ereb1 $o!e 2(ri! iction of t"e 'er!on or t"at t"e 2( &)ent )a1 t"ereb1 be ren ere efective for $acA of !o)et"in& e!!entia$ to !(!tain it? #"ere i!, of co(r!e, an i)'ortant i!tinction between 'er!on an !(b2ect )atter are bot" conferre b1 $aw? A! to t"e !(b2ect )atter, not"in& can c"an&e t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over i)ini!" it or ictate w"en it !"a$$ attac" or w"en it !"a$$ be re)ove ? #"at i! a )atter of $e&i!$ative enact)ent w"ic" none b(t t"e $e&i!$at(re )a1 c"an&e? On t"e ot"er "an , t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over t"e 'er!on i!, in !o)e in!tance!, )a e to efen on t"e con!ent or ob2ection, on t"e act! or o)i!!ion! of t"e 'artie! or an1 of t"e)? ,(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on, "owever, )a1 be conferre b1 con!ent, e6're!!$1 or i)'$ie $1 &iven, or it )a1, b1 an ob2ection, be 'revente fro) attac"in& or re)ove after it "a! attac"e ? - #"at it "a 2(ri! iction of t"e 'er!on! of a$$ t"e 'artie! i! in i!'(tab$e? #"at 2(ri! iction wa! obtaine not on$1 b1 t"e (!(a$ co(r!e of 'ractice t"at i!, b1 t"e 'roce!! of t"e co(rt - b(t a$!o b1 con!ent e6're!!$1 &iven, i! a''arent? #"e '$aintiff !(b)itte it!e$f to t"e 2(ri! iction b1 be&innin& t"e action? #"e efen ant! are now in t"i! co(rt a!Ain& t"at t"e action be not i!)i!!e b(t contin(e ? #"e1 are not on$1 nor ob2ectin& to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt b(t, rat"er, are "ere on t"i! a''ea$ for t"e '(r'o!e of )aintainin& t"at ver1 2(ri! iction over t"e)? ;or i! t"e '$aintiff in an1 'o!ition to a!Ae for favor!? It i! c$ear$1 &(i$t1 of &ro!! ne&$i&ence in t"e a$$e&ation! of it! co)'$aint, if t"e $an oe! not $ie in #ar$ac a! it now a!!ert!? co))ence)ent of t"e 'rocee in&!, efective 'roce!! or even ab!ence of 'roce!! )a1 be waive for fai$(re to )aAe !ea!ona$ ob2ection!? Reasoning #"e circ()!tance! a''ear to !"ow t"at t"ere wa! waiver b1 t"e efen ant to a$$e&e !(c" efect w"en "e fai$e to rai!e t"e /(e!tion in t"e C+I an at t"e fir!t o''ort(nit1? 2? CES, "e vo$(ntari$1 !(b)itte "i)!e$f to t"e co(rt0! 2(ri! iction? Ratio In er Sec 2., R($e 14 ROC, t"e efen ant0! vo$(ntar1 a''earance in co(rt !"a$$ be e/(iva$ent to !ervice? It "a! been "e$ b1 t"e co(rt t"at t"e efect of !())on! i! c(re b1 t"e vo$(ntar1 a''earance b1 t"e a''earance of t"e efen ant? Disposition #"e a!!ai$e eci!ion an re!o$(tion of CA are rever!e an !et a!i e? #"e eci!ion of t"e C+I 4now R#C5 i! rein!tate ?

1. 6( '!*,n %"( #,6Di##i!n RODRI/UEZ VS ALIFPALA 42 SCRA 944 CASTRO< J,ne 84, =>29
NATURE Petition for certiorari FACTS -Petitioner Ro ri&(eB fi$e a ca!e for recover1 of t"e !() of P5,.20?00 '$(! intere!t, attorne10! fee! an co!t a&ain!t S'!? Robe$$a o? -A writ of 're$i)inar1 attac")ent wa! i!!(e an !erve to +e Robe$$a o at t"eir !tore in 3ivi!oria? S'! Robe$$a o '$ea e to t"e Ro ri&(eB for ti)e before t"e attac")ent to be effective$1 enforce ? Ro ri&(eB a&ree to t"e !(!'en!ion of t"e 2( &)ent on t"e con ition t"at +e Robe$$a o0! 'arent!, t"e now re!'on ent!, +e erico N +e$i!a #o$entino, to bin t"e)!e$ve! 2oint$1 an !evera$$1 wit" t"e Robe$$a o!, to 'a1 t"e entire ob$i&ation !(b2ect of t"e !(it? +e$i!a #o$entino, bein& 're!ent, i))e iate$1 a&ree to t"i! 'ro'o!a$? -A co)'ro)i!e a&ree)ent wa! t"en entere to b1 t"e 'artie!? #"e Rebe$$a o! !(b!e/(ent$1 fai$e to co)'$1 wit" t"e ter)! of t"e co)'ro)i!e a&ree)ent, t"(! 'ro)'tin& 'etitioner Ro ri&(eB to re/(e!t t"e Cit1 Co(rt for a writ of e6ec(tion on t"e 'ro'ertie! of t"e Robe$$a o! an a$!o of t"e #o$entino!? #"e re/(e!t wa! &rante b1 t"e Cit1 Co(rt? #"e #o$entino! bro(&"t an action for certiorari wit" t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of Mani$a? #"e C+I ren ere 2( &)ent e6c$( in& t"e #o$entino! fro) t"e effect! of t"e writ of e6ec(tion? #"(! t"i! a''ea$? ISSUE =O; t"e C+I erre in e6c$( in& t"e #o$entino! fro) t"e effect! of t"e writ of e6ec(tion? HELD CES -#"e contention of t"e C+I t"at t"e i!'o!itive 'ortion of t"e 2( &)ent of t"e Cit1 Co(rt oe! not e6'$icit$1 en2oin t"e #o$entino! to 'a1 2oint$1 an !evera$$1 wit" t"e Rebe$$a o! t"e a)o(nt (e to t"e '$aintiff, an t"at t"e Cit1 Co(rt never ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over #o$entino! an t"erefore cannot be bo(n b1 t"e 2( &)ent ren ere b1 !ai co(rt, i! erroneo(!? -#"e i!'o!itive 'ortion of t"e 2( &)ent of t"e Cit1 Co(rt a''rovin& t"e co)'ro)i!e an en2oinin& !trict co)'$iance t"ereto b1 t"e 'artie! i! a e/(ate for t"e '(r'o!e of e6ec(tion? ,( &)ent on a co)'ro)i!e nee not !'ecifica$$1 na)e a 'er!on to be !(b2ect of e6ec(tion t"ereof in obvio(! avoi ance of re'etition? -On *%c7 !& .,"i#)ic i!n !& -e c!," !'e" -e T!*en in!#@ t"e #o$entino! free$1 an vo$(ntari$1 entere into t"e co)'ro)i!e a&ree)ent w"ic" beca)e t"e ba!i! of 2( &)ent of t"e Cit1 Co(rt? In er t"e circ()!tance!, t"e #o$entino! are e!to''e t"e ver1 a(t"orit1 t"e1 invoAe ? An even a!!()in& t"at e!to''e$ $ie!, we cannot !et a!i e t"e 'rinci'$e of e/(it1 t"at jurisdiction over a person not originall% a part% to a case $a% &e ac*uired( upon proper conditions( thru the voluntar% appearance of the person &efore the court. 71 co)in& forwar wit" t"e ori&ina$ $iti&ant! in )ovin& for a 2( &)ent on co)'ro)i!e an b1 a!!()in& !(c" intere!t in t"e fina$ a 2( ication of t"e ca!e to&et"er wit" t"e Robe$$a o!, t"e

O& -e )e&en)%n =. 6( #e"'ice !& #,DD!n# 8. 6( '!*,n %"( %ppe%"%nce BOTICANO V CHU, JR =9: SCRA 49= PARAS< M%"c- =5, =>:2
NATURE Petition for review on certiorari !eeAin& to rever!e an !et a!i e CA r($in& of en1in& M+R? FACTS - E$i!eo 7oticano i! t"e re&i!tere owner of a 7e for tr(cA w"ic" i! (!e in "a($in& $o&! for a fee? It wa! "it at t"e rear b1 anot"er 7e for tr(cA owne b1 Man(e$ C"( an riven b1 ,ai)e Si&(a w"i$e $oa e wit" $o&! an 'arAe 'ro'er$1 b1 t"e river Ma6i)o 3a$an&in at t"e !"o($ er of t"e nationa$ "i&"wa1? - C"( acAnow$e &e owner!"i' an a&ree to !"o($ er t"e e6'en!e! of t"e re'air, b(t fai$e to co)'$1 wit" t"e a&ree)ent? 7oticano fi$e a co)'$aint at t"e C+I at Cabanat(an a&ain!t C"( an Si&(a? S())on! were i!!(e b(t one wa! ret(rne (n!erve for Si&(a wi$e t"e ot"er !erve t"r( C"(0! wife? - 7oticano )ove to i!)i!! t"e ca!e a&ain!t Si&(a an to ec$are C"( in efa($t? #"e Co(rt &rante t"e )otion! an a (ce fro) evi ence t"at C"( i! re!'on!ib$e for t"e fa($t an ne&$i&ence of t"e river (n er Art 21>0 CC? - C"( fi$e wit" t"e #C a notice of a''ea$ an an (r&ent )otion for e6ten!ion of ti)e to fi$e recor on a''ea$? Co(rt &rante t"e )otion!? - 7oticano fi$e a M#3 t"e a''ea$ an for e6ec(tion, b(t t"e a''ea$ wa! !ti$$ a''rove ? #"e ca!e wa! bro(&"t to t"e CA? CA !et a!i e t"e #C eci!ion for bein& n($$ an voi ? - 7oticano fi$e an M+R wit" t"e CA to w"ic" CA enie ? ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"e /(e!tion of 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over t"e 'er!on of t"e efen ant cannot be rai!e for t"e fir!t ti)e on a''ea$ 2? =O; CA erre in "o$ in& t"at C"( i not vo$(ntari$1 !(b)it "i)!e$f to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e #C e!'ite "i! vo$(ntar1 a''earance HELD 1? ;O Ratio #"e

efect! in 2(ri! iction ari!in& fro) irre&($aritie! in t"e

8 #o$entino! effective$1 !(b)itte t"e)!e$ve! to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e Cit1 Co(rt? -J,"i#)ic i!n !'e" -e p*%in i&& can be ac/(ire b1 t"e co(rt ('on fi$in& of t"e co)'$aint? On t"e ot"er "an , .,"i#)ic i!n !'e" -e )e&en)%n # can be ac/(ire b1 t"e co(rt ('on !ervice of va$i !())on! an ('on vo$(ntar1 a''earanceE!(b)i!!ion of a 'er!on in co(rt? )one1 into co(rt? #"i! !te' i! a nece!!ar1 'rec(r!or of t"e or er of !a$e? It i! c$ear$1 inten e )ere$1 a! co)'$iance wit" t"e re/(ire)ent t"at t"e a)o(nt (e !"a$$ be a!certaine an t"at t"e efen ant !"a$$ be re/(ire to 'a1 it? A! f(rt"er evi ence of t"i! it )a1 be ob!erve t"at accor in& to t"e Co e of Civi$ Proce (re a 'er!ona$ 2( &)ent a&ain!t t"e ebtor for t"e eficienc1 i! not to be ren ere (nti$ after t"e 'ro'ert1 "a! been !o$ an t"e 'rocee ! a''$ie to t"e )ort&a&e ebt 4!ec? 2805 - ="atever )a1 be t"e effect in ot"er re!'ect! of t"e fai$(re of t"e c$erA of t"e C+I to )ai$ t"e 'ro'er 'a'er! to t"e efen ant in C"ina, !(c" irre&($arit1 co($ in no wi!e i)'air or efeat t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt, for in o(r o'inion t"at 2(ri! iction re!t! ('on a ba!i! )(c" )ore !ec(re t"an wo($ be !(''$ie b1 an1 for) of notice t"at co($ be &iven to a re!i ent of a forei&n co(ntr1? 2? ;O? - In a forec$o!(re ca!e, !o)e notification of t"e 'rocee in&! to t"e nonre!i ent owner, 're!cribin& t"e ti)e wit"in w"ic" a''earance )(!t be )a e, i! ever1w"ere reco&niBe a! e!!entia$? #o an!wer t"i! nece!!it1 t"e !tat(te! &enera$$1 'rovi e for '(b$ication, an (!(a$$1 in a ition t"ereto, for t"e )ai$in& of notice to t"e efen ant, if "i! re!i ence i! Anown? It i! )ere$1 a )ean! 'rovi e b1 $aw w"ereb1 t"e owner )a1 be a )oni!"e b1 "i! 'ro'ert1 i! t"e !(b2ect of 2( icia$ 'rocee in&! an t"at it i! inc()bent ('on "i) to taAe !(c" !te'! a! "e !ee! fit to 'rotect it? - #"i! )o e of notification oe! not invo$ve an1 ab!o$(te a!!(rance t"at t"e ab!ent owner !"a$$ t"ereb1 receive act(a$ notice? #"e i ea ('on w"ic" t"e $aw 'rocee ! in reco&niBin& t"e efficac1 of a )ean! of notification w"ic" )a1 fa$$ !"ort of act(a$ notice i! a''arent$1 t"i!@ Pro'ert1 i! a$wa1! a!!()e to be in t"e 'o!!e!!ion of it! owner, in 'er!on or b1 a&ent; an "e )a1 be !afe$1 "e$ , (n er certain con ition!, to be affecte wit" Anow$e &e t"at 'rocee in&! "ave been in!tit(te for it! con e)nation an !a$e? - +ai$(re of t"e c$erA to )ai$ t"e notice, if in fact "e i !o fai$ in "i! (t1, i! not !(c" a! irre&($arit1 a! a)o(nt! to a enia$ of (e 'roce!! of $aw; an "ence in o(r o'inion t"at irre&($arit1, if 'rove , wo($ not avoi t"e 2( &)ent in t"i! ca!e? ;otice wa! &iven b1 '(b$ication in a new!'a'er an t"i! i! t"e on$1 for) of notice w"ic" t"e $aw (ncon itiona$$1 re/(ire!? Sep%"% e Opini!n MALCOLM< )i##en - #"e f(n a)enta$ i ea of (e 'roce!! of $aw i! t"at no )an !"a$$ be con e)ne in "i! 'er!on or 'ro'ert1 wit"o(t notice an an o''ort(nit1 of bein& "ear in "i! efen!e? - *A 2( &)ent w"ic" i! voi ('on it! face, an w"ic" re/(ire! on$1 in in!'ection of t"e 2( &)ent ro$$ to e)on!trate it want of vita$it1 i! a ea $i)b ('on t"e 2( icia$ tree, w"ic" !"o($ be $o''e off, if t"e 'ower !o to o e6i!t!? It can bear no fr(it to t"e '$aintiff, b(t i! a con!tant )enace to t"e efen ant?*

ACEUIRED JURISDICTION OVER THE RES EL BANCO ESPAGOL-FILINO '. PALANCA 12 P-i*. >8= STREET< M%"c- 85, =>=:
FACTS - A )ort&a&e wa! e6ec(te b1 Pa$anca, a! !ec(rit1 for a ebt owin& to "i) to t"e banA? After t"e e6ec(tion of t"i! in!tr()ent, Pa$anca ret(rne to C"ina w"ere "e ie ? - A! Pa$anca wa! a nonre!i ent, it wa! nece!!ar1 for t"e banA to &ive notice to "i) b1 '(b$ication '(r!(ant to !ection .-- of t"e Co e of Civi$ Proce (re? An or er for '(b$ication wa! accor in&$1 obtaine fro) t"e co(rt, an '(b$ication wa! )a e in (e for) in a new!'a'er of t"e cit1 of Mani$a? - #"e or er of t"e co(rt wa! entere irectin& t"at '(b$ication !"o($ be )a e in a new!'a'er, t"e co(rt irecte t"at t"e c$erA of t"e co(rt !"o($ e'o!it in t"e 'o!t office in a !ta)'e enve$o'e a co'1 of t"e !())on! an co)'$aint irecte to Pa$anca at "i! $a!t '$ace of re!i ence? - #"e ca(!e 'rocee e in t"e C+I an Pa$anca not "avin& a''eare , 2( &)ent wa! taAen a&ain!t "i) b1 efa($t? It wa! or ere t"at Pa$anca !"o($ e$iver !ai a)o(nt to t"e c$erA of t"e co(rt to be a''$ie to t"e !ati!faction of t"e 2( &)ent, an it wa! ec$are t"at in ca!e of fai$(re to !ati!f1 t"e 2( &)ent, t"e )ort&a&e 'ro'ert1 $ocate in t"e cit1 of Mani$a !"o($ be e6'o!e to '(b$ic !a$e? - Pa1)ent wa! never )a e an t"e co(rt or ere t"e !a$e of t"e 'ro'ert1? #"e 'ro'ert1 wa! bro(&"t in b1 t"e banA? - Abo(t !even 1ear! after t"e confir)ation of t"i! !a$e, a )otion wa! )a e b1 %icente Pa$anca, a! a )ini!trator of t"e e!tate of t"e ori&ina$ efen ant, w"erein t"e a''$icant re/(e!te t"e co(rt to !et a!i e t"e or er? ISSUE 1? =O; t"e or er of efa($t an t"e 2( &)ent ren ere t"ereon were voi beca(!e t"e co(rt "a never ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e efen ant or over t"e !(b2ect of t"e action? 2? =O; t"e !(''o!e irre&($arit1 in t"e 'rocee in&! wa! of !(c" &ravit1 a! to a)o(nt to a enia$ of (e 'roce!! of $aw? RULIN/ 1? ;O? - #"e action to forec$o!e a )ort&a&e i! !ai to be a p"!cee)in+ H,%#i in "eD, b1 w"ic" i! e6're!!e t"e i ea t"at w"i$e it i! not !trict$1 !'eaAin& an action in re) 1et it 'artaAe! of t"at nat(re an i! !(b!tantia$$1 !(c"? #"e e6're!!ion, I%c i!n in "eDJ i!, in it! narrow a''$ication, (!e on$1 wit" reference to certain 'rocee in&! in co(rt! of a )ira$t1 w"erein t"e 'ro'ert1 a$one i! treate a! re!'on!ib$e for t"e c$ai) or ob$i&ation ('on w"ic" t"e 'rocee in&! are ba!e ? #"e action /(a!i in re) iffer! fro) t"e tr(e action in re) in t"e circ()!tance t"at in t"e for)er an in ivi (a$ i! na)e a! efen ant, an t"e '(r'o!e of t"e 'rocee in& i! to !(b2ect "i! intere!t t"erein to t"e ob$i&ation or $ien b(r enin& t"e 'ro'ert1? A$$ 'rocee in&! "avin& for t"eir !o$e ob2ect t"e !a$e or ot"er i!'o!ition of t"e 'ro'ert1 of t"e efen ant, w"et"er b1 attac")ent, forec$o!(re, or ot"er for) of re)e 1, are in &enera$ wa1 t"(! e!i&nate ? #"e 2( &)ent entere in t"e!e 'rocee in&! i! conc$(!ive on$1 between t"e 'artie!? - Severa$ 'rinci'$e!@ 415 #"at t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt i! erive fro) t"e 'ower w"ic" it 'o!!e!!e! over t"e 'ro'ert1; 4II5 t"at 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on i! not ac/(ire an i! none!!entia$; 4III5 t"at t"e re$ief &rante b1 t"e co(rt )(!t be $i)ite to !(c" a! can be enforce a&ain!t t"e 'ro'ert1 it!e$f? - In a forec$o!(re 'rocee in& a&ain!t a nonre!i ent owner it i! nece!!ar1 for t"e co(rt, a! in a$$ ca!e! of forec$o!(re, to a!certain t"e a)o(nt (e, a! 're!cribe in !ection 258 of t"e Co e of Civi$ Proce (re, an to )aAe an or er re/(irin& t"e efen ant to 'a1 t"e

DE MID/ELY VS FERANDOS 84 SCRA 2. AHII;O, Ma1 1., 1-95

NATURE Ori&ina$ Action!? Certiorari an conte)'t? FACTS - H(e)a a, a$$e&e $1 t"e i$$e&iti)ate !on of A$varo Pa!tor, Sr?, wa! a''ointe a! !'ecia$ a )ini!trator of t"e $atter0! e!tate b1 t"e C+I of Ceb(? A! !(c", "e fi$e a co)'$aint a&ain!t "i! "a$f !ib$in&!, t"e !'o(!e! A$varo Pa!tor, ,r? an Maria E$ena Ac"ava$, an Sofia Mi &e$1, w"o were a$$ at t"at ti)e citiBen! of S'ain an re!i in& in t"at co(ntr1? #"e !(it a$!o na)e At$a! Minin& a! co-re!'on ent? #"e !(it wa! to !ett$e t"e /(e!tion of owner!"i' over certain 'ro'ertie! an ri&"t! in !o)e )inin& c$ai)! a! H(e)a a be$ieve t"at t"o!e 'ro'ertie! be$on& to t"e e!tate of A$varo Pa!tor, Sr? - H(e)a a, on "i! own, ca(!e e6traterritoria$ !ervice of !())on! to be )a e t"ro(&" t"e 3e'art)ent of +orei&n Affair! an t"e P"i$i''ine E)ba!!1 in Ma ri , S'ain, w"ic" effecte t"e !ervice of t"e !())on! t"ro(&" re&i!tere )ai$ ('on 3e Mi &e$1 an Pa!tor, ,r? at t"eir re!'ective a re!!e! in A$icante an 7arce$ona? - 7ot" 3e Mi &e$1 an Pa!tor entere a !'ecia$ a''earance an fi$e a

9 )otion to i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n of $acA of 2(ri! iction a! t"e1 are nonre!i ent!? #"e1 f(rt"er a$$e&e t"at earne!t effort! towar a co)'ro)i!e "ave not been )a e a! re/(ire in t"e Civi$ Co e in !(it! between )e)ber! of t"e !a)e fa)i$1, #"e )otion wa! enie b1 ,( &e +eran o! an "e r($e t"at t"e re!'on ent! were 'ro'er$1 !())one ? - #"e !(b!e/(ent )otion for recon!i eration wa! enie b1 +eran o! in icatin& in t"e or er t"at t"e action of H(e)a a wa! for t"e recover1 of rea$ 'ro'ert1 an rea$ ri&"t!? #"e re!'on ent! were in!tr(cte to fi$e t"eir an!wer? - 3e Mi &e$1 fi$e t"i! action wit" t"e S('re)e Co(rt? ISSUE0S =O; ,( &e +eran o! &rave$1 ab(!e "i! i!cretion in en1in& 3e Mi &e$10! )otion to i!)i!!e ba!e on t"e $acA of 2(ri! iction over "er 'er!on? HELD NO. #"e fact t"at !"e a$$e&e a! a &ro(n for i!)i!!a$ t"e $acA of earne!t effort to co)'ro)i!e i! deemed as a andonment of her special appearance and as voluntar! su mission to the courts jurisdiction? Ratio. ="en t"e a''earance i! b1 )otion for t"e '(r'o!e of ob2ectin& to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over t"e 'er!on, it )(!t be for t"e !o$e an !e'arate '(r'o!e of ob2ectin& to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt? If t"e )otion i! for an1 ot"er '(r'o!e t"an to ob2ect to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over "i! 'er!on, "e t"ereb1 !(b)it! "i)!e$f to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt, Reasoning. Even if t"e $ower co(rt i not ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over 3e Mi &e$1, "er )otion to i!)i!! wa! 'ro'er$1 enie beca(!e H(e)a a0! action a&ain!t "er )a1be re&ar e a! a H,%#i in "eD w"ere jurisdiction over the person of a non.resident defendant is not necessar! and $here the service of summons is re,uired onl! for the purpose of compl!ing $ith the re,uirement of due process. E,%#i in "eD is an action et$een parties $here the direct o ject is to reach and dispose of propert! o$ed ! the parties or of some interest therein. - #"e SC cite t"e PerAin! ca!e a! a 'rece ent? In t"at ca!e, it r($e t"at in a /(a!i in re) action 2(ri! iction over a non re!i ent efen ant i! not e!!entia$? #"e !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication i! re/(ire )ere$1 to !ati!f1 t"e con!tit(tiona$ re/(ire)ent of (e 'roce!!? #"e 2( &)ent of t"e co(rt wo($ !ett$e t"e tit$e to t"e 'ro'ertie! an to t"at e6tent it 'artaAe! of t"e nat(re of 2( &)ent in re)? #"e 2( &)ent i! confine to t"e re! 4'ro'ertie!5 an no 'er!ona$ 2( &)ent co($ be ren ere a&ain!t t"e non re!i ent? It !"o($ be note t"at t"e civi$ ca!e fi$e b1 H(e)a a i! re$ate to a te!ta)entar1 'rocee in& a! it wa! fi$e for t"e '(r'o!e of recoverin& t"e 'ro'ertie! w"ic" in t"e (n er!tan in& of H(e)a a, be$on&e to t"e e!tate of t"e Late Pa!tor, Sr? an w"ic" were "e$ b1 3e Mi &e$1 an "er brot"er? Disposition. Petition i! i!)i!!e an!wer to t"e co)'$aint, t"e S'! <re&orio c$ai)e owner!"i' over t"e "o(!e - S'! <re&orio !o$ "o(!e to S'! <onBa&a for P100,000 (n er a ee of con itiona$ !a$e, in w"ic" S'! <re&orio (n ertooA to !ec(re an awar of t"e $an b1 t"e &overn)ent in favor of S'! <onBa&a? In an MOA, S'! <re&orio in icate t"at if t"e1 wo($ not !ec(re !(c", t"e1 wo($ ret(rn P-0,000 a! 'a1)ent for t"e "o(!e - ,an(ar1 2, 1->8 O 7(rea( of Lan ! &rante t"e a''$ication of Aba&at for a !a$e! 'atent over t"e 'ro'ert1? #C# ;o? 12>1>8 wa! i!!(e b1 t"e Re&i!ter of 3ee ! in "i! na)e? S'! Aba&at e)an e t"at S'! <onBa&a vacate t"e 'ro'ert1, b(t $atter ref(!e - Se'te)ber 2-, 1--2 O S'! Aba&at fi$e a )otion for $eave to fi$e a t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint a&ain!t t"e S'! <re&orio? #C no $on&er re!o$ve t"e )otion for $eave to fi$e a t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint - T"i%* C!," O October 10, 1--4, in favor of S'! Aba&at - CA O 3ece)ber 1-, 1--9, affir)e t"e eci!ion of t"e tria$ co(rt on? On t"e '$ea of S'! <onBa&a t"at t"e #C !"o($ "ave or ere t"e S'! <re&orio to ref(n to t"e) t"e P-0,000?00 t"e $atter "a receive a! 'a1)ent for t"e "o(!e, CA r($e t"at a !e'arate co)'$aint !"o($ "ave been fi$e a&ain!t t"e S'! <re&orio, in!tea of a''ea$in& t"e eci!ion of t"e #C? ISSUE =O; R#C an CA erre in not or erin& S'! <re&orio to ref(n to t"e) t"e P-0,000 t"e1 "a 'ai for t"e "o(!e an w"ic" t"e $atter 'ro)i!e to o !o (n er t"eir Me)oran () of A&ree)ent HELD ;O Ratio #"e r($e i! t"at a 'art1 i! entit$e on$1 to !(c" re$ief con!i!tent wit" an $i)ite to t"at !o(&"t b1 t"e '$ea in&! or inci enta$ t"ereto? A tria$ co(rt wo($ be actin& be1on it! 2(ri! iction if it &rant! re$ief to a 'art1 be1on t"e !co'e of t"e '$ea in&!? Moreover, t"e ri&"t of a 'art1 to recover e'en !, not on t"e 'ra1er, b(t on t"e !co'e of t"e '$ea in&!, t"e i!!(e! )a e an t"e $aw? Reasoning - S'! <onBa&a fai$e to fi$e an1 '$ea in& a&ain!t S'! <re&orio for t"e enforce)ent of t"e ee of con itiona$ !a$e, t"e ee of fina$ an ab!o$(te !a$e, an t"e Me)oran () of A&ree)ent e6ec(te b1 t"e)? #"e 'etitioner! fi$e t"eir )otion for $eave to fi$e a t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint a&ain!t t"e intervenor!, S'! <re&orio, an a''en e t"ereto t"eir t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint for in e)nit1 for an1 2( &)ent t"at )a1 be ren ere b1 t"e co(rt a&ain!t t"e) an in favor of t"e re!'on ent!? :owever, S'! <onBa&a i not inc$( e in t"eir 'ra1er t"at 2( &)ent be ren ere a&ain!t t"e t"ir -'art1 efen ant! to ref(n t"e P-0,000?00 'ai b1 t"e) to t"e S'! <re&orio? S'! <onBa&a fai$e to a!!ai$ t"e tria$ co(rt0! or er of enia$ in t"e a''e$$ate co(rt? Even after t"e tria$ co(rt "a &rante $eave to t"e S'! <re&orio to intervene a! 'artie!efen ant! an t"e $atter fi$e t"eir An!wer-in-Intervention, S'! <onBa&a fai$e to fi$e a cro!!-c$ai) a&ain!t t"e intervenor! for !'ecific 'erfor)ance for t"e ref(n of t"e P-0,000?00 t"e1 "a receive fro) t"e 'etitioner! (n er t"eir ee of con itiona$ !a$e, t"e ee of fina$ an ab!o$(te !a$e an t"e )e)oran () of a&ree)ent an 'a1 fi$in& an ocAet fee! t"erefor? Disposition Petition i! DENIED DUE COURSE? CA re!o$(tion are AFFIRMED? eci!ion an

ACEUIRED JURISDICTION OVER THE ISSUES SPS /ONZA/A V CA @SPS ABA/ATA SCRA CALLE,O SR; October 1>, 2004
NATURE Petition for t"e Review of t"e 3eci!ion an re!o$(tion of CA FACTS - October 22, 1--1 O S'! Aba&at fi$e co)'$aint a&ain!t S'! <onBa&a for recover1 of 'o!!e!!ion of $an in 7ac$aran, ParaPa/(e i!!(e in t"eir na)e!, a! owner!? S'! Aba&at a$$e&e in t"eir co)'$aint t"at t"e1 were t"e owner! of a !)a$$ "(t 4baron&-baron&5 con!tr(cte on t"e $ot, w"ic" wa! t"en owne b1 t"e &overn)ent - +ebr(ar1 22, 1-81 O Aba&at fi$e an a''$ication for !a$e! 'atent over t"e $an - ,an(ar1 28, 1-9. O "(t wa! &(tte b1 fire an after t"at, S'! <re&orio b(i$t a two-!tore1 "o(!e on t"e 'ro'ert1 wit"o(t t"eir con!ent? S'! Aba&at fi$e a co)'$aint for e2ect)ent a&ain!t S'! <re&orio b(t co)'$aint wa! i!)i!!e for $acA of 2(ri! iction beca(!e in t"eir

SPECIFIC JURISDICTION OF COURTS A. SUPREME COURT E,e# i!n !& *%K URBANO V CHAVEZ =:1 SCRA 192 /ANCAYCO< M%"c- =>, =>>B
NATURE Petition to review eci!ion of R#C Pa!i& FACTS - t"ere are 2 ca!e! invo$ve "ere@ a cri)ina$ action for vio$ation of t"e Anti-<raft an Corr('t Practice! Act 4RA .01-5 an an civi$ action for a)a&e! ari!in& fro) a fe$on1 4 efa)ation t"ro(&" a '(b$i!"e

> interview w"ereb1 C"aveB i)'(te t"at ;e)e!io Co wa! a c$o!e a!!ociate 4cron1Q5 of Marco!5, bot" a&ain!t So$icitor <enera$ +ranci!co C"aveB 4a)on& ot"er!5 - in t"e cri)ina$ ca!e 4fi$e in t"e Office of t"e O)b( !)an5, t"e Office of t"e So$<en 4OS<5 entere it! a''earance for C"aveB an t"e ot"er acc(!e 43IL< Sec an 2 !ectora$ re'!5 a! far a! t"e Pre$i) Inve!ti&ation i! concerne ? Irbano et? a$? fi$e a !'ecia$ civi$ action for 'ro"ibition in t"e SC to en2oin t"e So$<en an "i! a!!ociate! fro) actin& a! co(n!e$ for C"aveB in t"e PI? #"e contention i! in t"e event t"at an infor)ation i! fi$e a&ain!t t"e acc(!e , t"e a''earance of t"e OS< in t"e PI wo($ be in conf$ict wit" it! ro$e a! t"e a''e$$ate co(n!e$ for t"e Peo'$e of t"e P"i$! 4co(n!e$ at t"e fir!t in!tance i! t"e 'rovincia$E !tate 'ro!ec(tor5? - in t"e action for a)a&e!, t"e OS< $iAewi!e acte a! co(n!e$ for C"aveB, w"o wa! t"en t"e So$<en an co(n!e$ for PC<<, t"e a&enc1 re!'on!ib$e for t"e inve!ti&ation of &raft an corr('t 'ractice! of t"e Marco!e!? #"e OS< fi$e for e6ten!ion of ti)e to fi$e re/(ire '$ea in&, an afterwar ! fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! on be"a$f of C"aveB? Petitioner Co ob2ecte to a''earance of OS< a! co(n!e$, conten in& t"at "e i! !(in& C"aveB in "i! 'er!ona$ ca'acit1? - OS< )anife!te t"at it i! a(t"oriBe to re're!ent C"aveB or an1 '(b$ic officia$ even if t"e !ai officia$ i! !(e in "i! 'er!ona$ ca'acit1 '(r!(ant to t"e (ncon itiona$ 'rovi!ion! of P349> w"ic" efine! t"e f(nction! of OS<, a! we$$ a! EO.00 w"ic" )a e OS< an in e'en ent a&enc1 (n er t"e Office of t"e Pre!i ent - R#C enie t"e 'etition, t"(! a$$owin& t"e a''earance of OS< a! co(n!e$? It a$!o enie t"e M+R? #"(!, t"i! 'etition for review ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"e OS< "a! a(t"orit1 to a''ear for 4a5 a certain &ov0t officia$ in t"e PI of t"eir ca!e before t"e O)b( !)an an 4b5 t"e So$<en in a !(it for a)a&e! ari!in& fro) a cri)e HELD 1? ;O Ratio #"e OS< i! not a(t"oriBe to re're!ent a '(b$ic officia$ at A;C !ta&e of a cri)ina$ ca!e or in a civi$ !(it for a)a&e! ari!in& fro) a fe$on1 4a''$ie! to a$$ '(b$ic officia$! an e)'$o1ee! in t"e e6ec(tive, $e&i!$ative an 2( icia$ branc"e!5? Reasoning P349>11 efine! t"e (tie! an f(nction! of OS<@ SEC1? #"e OS< !"a$$ re're!ent t"e <ov0t of t"e P"i$!, it! a&encie! an in!tr()enta$itie! an it! officia$! an a&ent! in an1 $iti&ation, 'rocee in&, inve!ti&ation or )atter re/(irin& t"e !ervice! of a $aw1er? 6 66 - t"e OS< !(b)it! t"at !ince t"ere i! no /(a$ification, it can re're!ent an1 '(b$ic officia$ wit"o(t an1 /(a$ification or i!tinction in an1 $iti&ation? - Sa)e ar&()ent !ee)! to a''$1 to a !i)i$ar 'rovi!ion in t"e Rev A )in Co e 4Sec? 1881@ A! 'rinci'a$ $aw officer of t"e <ov0t, t"e So$<en !"a$$ "ave t"e a(t"orit1 to act for an re're!ent t"e <ov0t , it! officer! an a&ent! in an1 officia$ inve!ti&ation, 'rocee in& or )atter re/(irin& t"e !ervice! of a $aw1er5? In Anti./raft -eague v 0rtega, SC inter'rete Sec? 1881 to e)brace PI? :owever, !"o($ an info be fi$e after, t"en OS< can no $on&er act a! co(n!e$? #"e rationa$e &iven wa! t"at '(b$ic officia$! are !(b2ecte to n()ero(! !(it!, an t"reat! of cri)ina$ 'ro!ec(tion co($ !ta1 t"e "an of t"e '(b$ic officia$? OS< 'rovi e! a!!(rance a&ain!t ti)i it1 in t"at t"e1 wi$$ be ($1 re're!ente b1 co(n!e$ in t"e PI? - :owever, t"e co(rt ec$are t"i! r($in& aban one in t"i! ca!e? #"e ano)a$1 in t"i! r($in& beco)e! obvio(! w"en, in t"e event of a 2( &)ent of conviction, t"e ca!e i! bro(&"t on a''ea$ to t"e a''e$$ate co(rt!? #"e OS<, a! t"e a''e$$ate co(n!e$ of t"e Peo'$e, i! e6'ecte to taAe a !tan a&ain!t t"e acc(!e ? More often t"an not, it oe!? Accor in&$1, t"ere i! a c$ear conf$ict of intere!t "ere, an one w"ic" !)acA! of et"ica$ con!i eration!, w"ere t"e OS<, a! co(n!e$ for t"e '(b$ic officia$, efen ! t"e $atter in t"e PI, an w"ere t"e !a)e office, a! a''e$$ate co(n!e$ of t"e Peo'$e, re're!ent! t"e 'ro!ec(tion w"en t"e ca!e i! bro(&"t on a''ea$? #"i! ano)a$o(! !it(ation co($ not "ave been conte)'$ate an a$$owe b1 t"e $aw? It i! a !it(ation w"ic" cannot be co(ntenance b1 t"e Co(rt? - anot"er rea!on w"1 t"e OS< can0t re're!ent an acc(!e in a cri) ca!e@ t"e State can !'eaA an act on$1 b1 $aw, w"atever it !a1! or oe! i! $awf($, an t"at w"ic" i! (n$awf($ i! not t"e wor or ee of t"e !tate? A! !(c", a '(b$ic officia$ w"o i! !(e cri)ina$$1 i! act(a$$1 !(e in "i! 'er!ona$ ca'acit1 ina!)(c" a! "i! 'rinci'a$ 4t"e State5 can never t"e a(t"or of a wron&f($ act? #"e !a)e a''$ie! to a !(it for a)a&e! ari!in& fro) a fe$on1, w"ere t"e '(b$ic officia$ i! "e$ acco(ntab$e for "i! act; t"e !tate i! not $iab$e? RR Re@ H(e!tion of Law 4co'ie verbati)? #"i! i! a$$ t"at i! )entione 5 -bot" i!!(e! rai!e '(re /(e!tion! of $aw ina!)(c" a! t"ere are no evi entiar1 )atter! to be eva$(ate b1 t"i! Co(rt? Moreover, if t"e on$1 i!!(e i! w"et"er or not t"e conc$(!ion! of t"e tria$ co(rt are in con!onance wit" $aw an 2(ri!'r( ence, t"en t"e i!!(e i! a '(re /(e!tion of $aw 4#orre! v C(5? #"(!, t"e Co(rt re!o$ve to con!o$i ate bot" Petition! an to treat t"e) a! Petition! for certiorari on '(re /(e!tion! of $aw in accor ance wit" t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e R($e! of Co(rt? Disposition Petition i! &rante ?

ORTI/AS V. CA =B5 SCRA =8= ABAD SANTOS, =>:=

NATURE Petition for review of t"e eci!ion of t"e CA FACTS -In 1-94, Orti&a! an Co? fi$e a co)'$aint for (n$awf($ etainer a&ain!t Ma6i)o 7e$)onte in t"e M(nici'a$ Co(rt of San ,(an RiBa$, 'ra1in& t"at 2( &)ent be ren ere 1?5 or erin& t"e efen ant "i! !(cce!!or!-in-intere!t to vacate an !(rren er t"e $ot to '$aintiff; 2?5 ec$arin& t"e re!i entia$ b(i$ in& con!tr(cte on t"e $ot b1 efen ant a! forfeite in favor of '$aintiff; .?0 con e)in& efen ant to 'a1 )ont"$1 rent of 5,000 fro) ,($1 1>, 1-91 (' to t"e ti)e "e vacate!, to&et"er wit" attorne1D! fee! an e6e)'$ar1 a)a&e!? #"e R($e in favor of '$aintiff an &rante t"e re$ieve! 'ra1e for? -7e$)onte fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! in t"e Cfi ba!e on $acA of 2(ri! iction on t"e 'art of t"e MC? C+I enie )otion an affir)e in totot t"e MC 2( &)ent? #"e !ai co(rt a$!o i!!(e a writ of e6ec(tion? 7e$)onte fi$e a 'etition for certiorari an 'ro"ibition wit" 're$i)in!r1 in2(nction in t"e CA, a!!i$in& t"e 1?5 t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e C+I an f MC; 2?5 t"e 'ro'riet1 of t"e 2( &)ent on t"e '$ea in&! ren ere b1 t"e MC; an .?5 t"e 'ro'riet1 of t"e i!!(ance of t"e writ of e6ec(tion i!!(e b1 t"e C+I? #"e Ca r($e in favor of 7e$)onte, "o$ in& t"at t"e MC "a! no 2(ri! iction? :ence t"e 're!ent 'etition? ISSUES 1? =O; t"e CA "a! a''e$$ate 2(ri! iction over t"i! ca!e 2? =O; t"e MC "a 2(ri! iction to re!o$ve t"e i!!(e! in t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint HELD 1? ;O? Reasoning. After ana$1Bin& t"e i!!(e! rai!e b1 7e$)onte before t"e CA, na)e$1 1?5 t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e C+I an f MC; 2?5 t"e 'ro'riet1 of t"e 2( &)ent on t"e '$ea in&! ren ere b1 t"e MC; an .?5 t"e 'ro'riet1 of t"e i!!(ance of t"e writ of e6ec(tion i!!(e b1 t"e C+I, t"e SC "e$ t"at t"e !a)e are '(re$1 $e&a$ in nat(re? Since a''e$$ate 2(ri! iction over ca!e! invo$vin& '(re$1 $e&a$ /(e!tion! i! e6c$(!ive$1 ve!te in t"e SC b1 Sec? 19 of t"e ,( iciar1 Act 4RA 2-85, it i! a''arent t"at t"e eci!ion (n er review ren ere b1 t"e CA wit"o(t 2(ri! iction !"o($ be !et a!i e? 2? ;O? Reasoning. ="ere a !(b ivi!ion owner !eeA! not 2(!t to e2ect t"e $ot b(1er w"o efa($te in "i! 'a1)ent! b(t a$!o 'ra1! t"at t"e re!i entia$ b(i$ in& con!tr(cte b1 t"e b(1er be forfeite in '$aintiffD! favor, 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e be$on&! to t"e C+I not t"e MC in an e2ect)ent ca!e? #"e i!!(e! rai!e before t"e inferior co(rt i not on$1 invo$ve t"e 'o!!e!!ion of t"e $ot b(t a$!o ri&"t! an ob$i&ation! of t"e 'artie! to t"e re!i entia$ b(i$ in& w"ic" (n er Art? 45 of t"e CC i! rea$ 'ro'ert1? A!$o, '$aintiffD! c$ai) to t"e b$ & rai!e! /(e!tion of owner!"i'? -A C+I cannot a!!()e 2(ri! iction in a ca!e a''ea$e to it (n er SECII R($e 40 w"ere one of t"e 'artie! ob2ecte to it! 2(ri! iction? Since t"e ori&ina$ ca!e wa! eci e b1 t"e MC wit"o(t 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter t"ereof, t"e C+I !"o($ "ave i!)i!!e t"e ca!e! w"en it wa! bro(&"t before it on a''ea$? Disposition. =it"o(t 're2( ice to t"e ri&"t of Orti&a! to fi$e t"e 'ro'er action in t"e 'ro'er co(rt, t"e eci!ion! of t"e CA, C+I an MC of San ,(an RiBa$ are !et a!i e?

JOSEFA V ZHANDON/ /R =4B>B1 SANDOVAL-/UTIERREZ< DeceD6e" :, 8BB1

NATURE Petition for review on certiorari FACTS #an re're!ente "i)!e$f to be t"e owner of "ar boar ! an !o$ t"e) to ,o!efa? ,o!efa 'ai a$$ "i! ob$i&ation! to #an? #"e "ar boar ! a''arent$1 be$on&e to S"an on&? ="en #an fai$e to 'a1 S"an on&, it !ent a e)an $etter for t"e 'a1)ent of t"e "ar boar ! to bot" #an an ,o!efa? #ria$ Co(rt r($e in favor of S"an on& #"e Co(rt of A''ea$! affir)e t"e tria$ co(rt0! 3eci!ion? Petitioner fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration b(t wa! enie ? Petitioner a!cribe! to t"e CA t"e error in affir)in& t"e r($in& of t"e tria$ co(rt t"at ,o!efa i! $iabe to S"an on& e!'ite F#:E MOI;#AI; O+ E%I3E;CEL !"owin& t"at t"e1 "a no b(!ine!! tran!action wit" eac" ot"er an t"at it wa! #an w"o wa! !o$e$1 re!'on!ib$e to S"an on& for t"e 'a1)ent of t"e &oo !? ISSUE 1? =O; ,o!efa i! $iab$e to S"an on& for t"e 'a1)ent of t"e )erc"an i!e HELD 1? ;O Reasoning. Evi ence in icate t"at #an bo(&"t t"e "ar boar ! fro) S"an on& an , in t(rn, !o$ t"e) to 'etitioner? :owever, bot" t"e tria$ co(rt an t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! i&nore t"i! &$arin& rea$it1 an in!tea "e$ t"at 'etitioner '(rc"a!e t"e boar ! irect$1 fro) re!'on ent? /ene"%* R,*e @ On$1 /(e!tion! of $aw )a1 be entertaine b1 t"e S('re)e Co(rt in a 'etition for review on certiorari ECcep i!n#? 415 t"e conc$(!ion i! &ro(n e on !'ec($ation!, !(r)i!e! or con2ect(re!; 425 t"e inference i! )anife!t$1 )i!taAen, ab!(r or i)'o!!ib$e; 4.5 t"ere i! &rave ab(!e of i!cretion; 445 t"e 2( &)ent i! ba!e on a )i!a''re"en!ion of fact!; 455 t"e fin in&! of fact are conf$ictin&; 485 t"ere i! no citation of !'ecific evi ence on w"ic" t"e fact(a$ fin in&! are ba!e ; 495 t"e fin in& of ab!ence of fact! i! contra icte b1 t"e 're!ence of evi ence on recor ; 4>5 t"e fin in&! of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! are contrar1 to t"o!e of t"e tria$ co(rt; 4-5 t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! )anife!t$1 over$ooAe certain re$evant an (n i!'(te fact! t"at, if 'ro'er$1 con!i ere , wo($ 2(!tif1 a ifferent conc$(!ion; 4105 t"e fin in&! of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! are be1on t"e i!!(e! of t"e ca!e; 4115 !(c" fin in&! are contrar1 to t"e a )i!!ion! of bot" 'artie!? Disposition Petition i! &rante ?

C-%n+e !& 'en,e PEOPLE '. MAYOR PABLO SOLA =B1 SCRA 1>1 @=>:=A FERNANDO, C.J.
NATURE Petition for certiorari.
3 #"e one w"o fi$e
t"i! a''ea$ w"ic" 'artaAe! of a nat(re of certiorari are 'rivate 'ro!ec(tor! +ranci!co Cr(B an Renecio E!'irit(? #"e

FACTS -Sep eD6e" =4, =>:B? actin& on t"e evi ence 're!ente b1 t"e P"i$i''ine Con!tab($ar1 co))an er at :ini&aran, ;e&ro! Occi enta$, t"e C+I of t"at 'rovince i!!(e a !earc" warrant for t"e !earc" an !eiB(re of t"e ecea!e bo ie! of !even 'er!on! be$ieve in t"e 'o!!e!!ion of t"e acc(!e MACOR Pab$o So$a in "i! "acien a at Sta? I!abe$, UabanAa$an, ;e&ro! Occi enta$? -Sep eD6e" =5, =>:B? ar)e wit" warrant, e$e)ent! of t"e ..2n PCEI;P Co)'an1 'rocee e to t"e '$ace of So$a? 3i&&in&! )a e in a canefie$ 1ie$ e two co))on &rave! containin& t"e bo ie! of +ernan o +ernan eB, Mateo O$i)'o!, A$fre o PereB, C(!to io ,(anica, Ar!o$o ,(anica, Ro$$ie Ca$$et an 7ienveni o E)'era o? -Sep eD6e" 81 %n) Oc !6e" =, =>:B@ t"e PC 'rovincia$ co))an er of ;e&ro! Occi enta$ fi$e !even 495 !e'arate co)'$aint! for )(r er a&ain!t t"e acc(!e Pab$o So$a, +ranci!co <arcia, Ricar o <arcia, ,o!e 7et"oven Cabra$, +$oren o 7a$i!cao an fo(rteen 4145 ot"er 'er!on! of (nAnown na)e!? After (e 're$i)inar1 e6a)ination of t"e co)'$ainantD! witne!!e! an "i! ot"er evi ence, t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt fo(n 'robab$e ca(!e a&ain!t t"e acc(!e ? It t"(! i!!(e an or er for t"eir arre!t? -:owever, wit"o(t &ivin& t"e 'ro!ec(tion t"e o''ort(nit1 to 'rove t"at t"e evi ence of &(i$t of t"e acc(!e i! !tron&, t"e co(rt &rante t"e) t"e ri&"t to 'o!t bai$ for t"eir te)'orar1 re$ea!e? #"e acc(!e Pab$o So$a, +ranci!co <arcia, an ,o!e 7et"oven Cabra$ avai$e t"e)!e$ve! of t"i! ri&"t an "ave !ince been re$ea!e fro) etention? -In a 'ara$$e$ eve$o')ent, t"e witne!!e! in t"e )(r er ca!e! infor)e t"e 'ro!ec(tion of t"eir fear! t"at if t"e tria$ i! "e$ at t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance branc" in :i)a)a1$an w"ic" i! b(t 10 Ai$o)eter! fro) UabanAa$an, t"eir !afet1 co($ be 2eo'ar iBe ? At $ea!t two of t"e acc(!e are officia$! wit" 'ower an inf$(ence in UabanAa$an an t"e1 "ave been re$ea!e on bai$? In a ition, )o!t of t"e acc(!e re)aine at $ar&e? In ee , t"ere "ave been re'ort! )a e to 'o$ice a(t"oritie! of t"reat! )a e on t"e fa)i$ie! of t"e witne!!e!?* #"e fact! a$$e&e ar&(e !tron&$1 for t"e re)e ie! !o(&"t, na)e$1 a c"an&e of ven(e an t"e cance$$ation of t"e bai$ bon !? -M%"c- =4, =>:=@ t"i! Co(rt i!!(e t"e fo$$owin& re!o$(tion@ *#"e Co(rt Re!o$ve to@ 4A5 V;oteW t"e co))ent of t"e So$icitor <enera$ on t"e (r&ent 'etition for c"an&e of ven(e an cance$$ation of bai$ bon !, a o'tin& t"e '$ea of t"e 'etition, na)e$1, 415 t"e !ettin& a!i e, b1 certiorari, of t"e or er of t"e M(nici'a$ Co(rt of UabanAa$an, 're!i e over b1 ,( &e Rafae$ <a!ata1a, &rantin& bai$ to t"e acc(!e 425 t"e 'etition for a c"an&e of ven(e or '$ace of tria$ of t"e !a)e cri)ina$ ca!e! to avoi a )i!carria&e of 2(!tice; 475 V#ran!ferW t"e ven(e of t"e afore!ai cri)ina$ ca!e! to 7ranc" % of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of ;e&ro! Occi enta$ at 7aco$o Cit1, 're!i e b1 E6ec(tive ,( &e A$fon!o 7a&(io, con!i erin& t"at 3i!trict ,( &e O!terva$ o E)i$ia of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance, ;e&ro! Occi enta$, 7ranc" %I at :i)a)a1$an "a! an a''rove $eave of ab!ence coverin& t"e 'erio fro) ,an(ar1 12 to Marc" 12, 1->1 (e to a )i$ attacA of cerebra$ t"ro)bo!i! an t"at t"e !ai 7ranc" % i! t"e neare!t co(rt !tation to :i)a)a1$an; an 4C5 VAwaitW t"e co))ent of re!'on ent! on t"e 'etition to cance$ bai$, wit"o(t 're2( ice to t"e '(b$ic officia$! concerne taAin& t"e nece!!ar1 )ea!(re! to a!!(re t"e !afet1 of t"e witne!!e! of t"e 'ro!ec(tion?* #:IS, #:E ISSIE O+ A C:A;<E O+ %E;IE :AS 7ECOME MOO# A;3 ACA3EMIC? -#"e co))ent! re!'ective$1 !(b)itte b1 re!'on ent +$oren o 7a$i!cao on Marc" 5, 1->1, re!'on ent +ranci!co <arcia on Marc" 11, 1->1 an re!'on ent Pab$o So$a on Marc" 18, 1->1, ea$t !o$e$1 wit" t"e /(e!tion of t"e cance$$ation of t"e bai$ bon !? S(c" co))ent! were con!i ere a! an!wer!, wit" t"e ca!e t"ereafter ee)e !(b)itte for eci!ion? ISSUE ="et"er or not t"e bai$ bon ! of re!'on ent! !"o($ be cance$$e HELD CES? Ratio. #"ere bein& a fai$(re to abi e b1 t"e ba!ic re/(ire)ent t"at t"e 'ro!ec(tion be "ear in a ca!e w"ere t"e acc(!e i! c"ar&e wit" a ca'ita$ offen!e, 'rior to bai$ bein& &rante , )(!t be eci e in favor of
'etition for a c"an&e of ven(e or '$ace of tria$ of t"e !a)e cri)ina$ ca!e! to avoi a )i!carria&e of 2(!tice?*

a!!ertion of t"e 'etitioner 'rivate 'ro!ec(tor! i! t"at t"e1 are in!tit(tin& t"e action T!(b2ect to t"e contro$ an !('ervi!ion of t"e +i!ca$? 4C, +ernan o0! 'refator1 !tate)ent !tate! t"at t"e two "ave no $e&a$ !tan in& to rai!e t"i! 'etition? Since So$ <en Men oBa never bot"ere to /(e!tion t"eir $e&a$ !tan in&, t"e Co(rt contente it!e$f wit" t"e fact t"at t"e So$icitor <enera$ "a! a(t"orit1 to rai!e t"i! 'etition in be"a$f of t"e Peo'$e of t"e P"i$i''ine!5

#"e So$icitor <enera$ a o'te a two-'ron&e t"r(!t! in t"i! 'etition@ 1? t"e !ettin& a!i e, b1 certiorari, of t"e or er of t"e M(nici'a$ Co(rt of UabanAa$an, 're!i e over b1 ,( &e Rafae$ <a!ata1a, &rantin& bai$ to t"e acc(!e in t"e cri)ina$ ca!e! )entione above, an 2? t"e

10 'etitioner? #"e bai$ bon ! )(!t be cance$$e an t"e ca!e re)an e to t"e !a$a of E6ec(tive ,( &e A$fon!o 7a&(io for !(c" "earin&? Reasoning. 7ai$ wa! &rante to t"e acc(!e in t"e Or er of t"e M(nici'a$ Co(rt wit"o(t "earin& t"e 'ro!ec(tion? #"at i! to i!re&ar t"e a(t"oritative octrine en(nciate in Peo'$e v? San 3ie&o? -,(!tice Ca'i!trano@ *#"e /(e!tion 're!ente before (! i!, w"et"er t"e 'ro!ec(tion wa! e'rive of 'roce (ra$ (e 'roce!!? #"e an!wer i! in t"e affir)ative? =e are of t"e con!i ere o'inion t"at w"et"er t"e )otion for bai$ of a efen ant w"o i! in c(!to 1 for a ca'ita$ offen!e be re!o$ve in a !())ar1 'rocee in& or in t"e co(r!e of a re&($ar tria$, t"e 'ro!ec(tion )(!t be &iven an o''ort(nit1 to 're!ent, wit"in a rea!onab$e ti)e, a$$ t"e evi ence t"at it )a1 e!ire to intro (ce before t"e co(rt !"o($ re!o$ve t"e )otion for bai$? If, a! in t"e cri)ina$ ca!e invo$ve in t"e in!tant !'ecia$ civi$ action, t"e 'ro!ec(tion !"o($ be enie !(c" an o''ort(nit1, t"ere wo($ be a vio$ation of 'roce (ra$ (e 'roce!!, an t"e or er of t"e co(rt &rantin& bai$ !"o($ be con!i ere voi on t"at &ro(n ?* -,? Car oBo@ *#:E LA=, AS =E :A%E SEE;, IS SE3ILOIS I; MAI;#AI;I;< +OR A 3E+E;3A;# C:AR<E3 =I#: CRIME =:A#E%ER +ORMS O+ PROCE3IRE ARE O+ #:E ESSE;CE O+ A; OPPOR#I;I#C #O 3E+E;3? PRI%ILE<ES SO +I;3AME;#AL AS #O 7E I;:ERE;# I; E%ERC CO;CEP# O+ A +AIR #RIAL #:A# COIL3 7E ACCEP#A7LE #O #:E #:OI<:# O+ REASO;A7LE ME; =ILL 7E UEP# I;%IOLA#E A;3 I;%IOLA7LE, :O=E%ER CRIS:I;< MAC 7E #:E PRESSIRE O+ I;CRIMI;A#I;< PROO+? 7I# ,IS#ICE, #:OI<: 3IE #O #:E ACCISE3, IS 3IE #O #:E ACCISER ALSO? #"e conce't of fairne!! )(!t not be !traine ti$$ it i! narrowe to a fi$a)ent? =e are to Aee' t"e ba$ance tr(e?* -t"e ver1 e!!ence of (e 'roce!! a! t"e e)bo i)ent of 2(!tice re/(ire! t"at t"e 'ro!ec(tion be &iven t"e o''ort(nit1 to 'rove t"at t"ere i! !tron& evi ence of &(i$t? It oe! not !(ffice, a! a!!erte "erein, t"at t"e /(e!tion! a!Ae b1 t"e )(nici'a$ 2( &e before bai$ wa! &rante co($ be c"aracteriBe a! !earc"in&? #"e fact i not c(re an infir)it1 of a 2(ri! ictiona$ c"aracter? ON CHAN/E OF VENUE? #"e con!tit(tion i! /(ite e6'$icit? #"e S('re)e Co(rt co($ or er *a c"an&e of ven(e or '$ace of tria$ to avoi a )i!carria&e of 2(!tice?* -Peo'$e v? <(tierreB, ,?7?L? Re1e!@ "1to compel the prosecution to proceed to trial in a localit! $here its $itnesses $ill not e at li ert! to reveal $hat the! 'no$ is to ma'e a moc'er! of the judicial process# and to etra! the ver! purpose for $hich courts have een esta lished. -#"e e6erci!e b1 t"i! :onorab$e Co(rt of it! above con!tit(tiona$ 'ower in t"i! ca!e wi$$ be a''ro'riate? #"e witne!!e! in t"e ca!e are fearf($ for t"eir $ive!? #"e1 are afrai t"e1 wo($ be Ai$$e on t"eir wa1 to or fro) :i)a)a1$an (rin& an1 of t"e a1! of tria$? 7eca(!e of t"i! fear, t"e1 )a1 eit"er ref(!e to te!tif1 or te!tif1 fa$!e$1 to !ave t"eir $ive!? -t"ere )a1 be ca!e! w"ere t"e fear, ob2ective$1 viewe , )a1, to !o)e in ivi (a$!, be $e!! t"an terrif1in&, b(t t"e /(e!tion )(!t a$wa1! be t"e effect it "a! on t"e witne!!e! w"o wi$$ te!tif1? -#"e 'ri)or ia$ ai) an intent of t"e Con!tit(tion )(!t ever be Ae't in )in ? In ca!e of o(bt, it !"o($ be re!o$ve in favor of a c"an&e of ven(e, Dispositive. =:ERE+ORE, t"e a!!ai$e or er of 2( &e Rafae$ <a!ata1a &rantin& bai$ to 'rivate re!'on ent! i! n($$ifie , !et a!i e, an ec$are to be wit"o(t force an effect? E6ec(tive ,( &e A$fon!o 7a&(io of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of ;e&ro! Occi enta$, to w"o!e !a$a t"e ca!e! "a been tran!ferre b1 virt(e of t"e re!o$(tion of t"i! Co(rt of Marc" 5, 1->1, i! irecte fort"wit" to "ear t"e 'etition! for bai$ of 'rivate re!'on ent!, wit" t"e 'ro!ec(tion bein& ($1 "ear on t"e /(e!tion of w"et"er or not t"e evi ence of &(i$t a&ain!t t"e re!'on ent! i! !tron&? #"i! eci!ion i! i))e iate$1 e6ec(tor1? ;o co!t!? Petition for certiorari w"ic" !te))e fro) a co)'$aint for i$$e&a$ i!)i!!a$ fi$e b1 "erein 'rivate re!'on ent before t"e ;LRC FACTS - ? Private re!'on ent a$$e&e! t"at "e !tarte worAin& a! O'eration! Mana&er of 'etitioner St? Martin +(nera$ :o)e on +ebr(ar1 8, 1--5? :owever, t"ere wa! no contract of e)'$o1)ent e6ec(te between "i) an 'etitioner nor wa! "i! na)e inc$( e in t"e !e)i-)ont"$1 'a1ro$$? On ,an(ar1 22, 1--8, "e wa! i!)i!!e fro) "i! e)'$o1)ent for a$$e&e $1 )i!a''ro'riatin& P.>,000?00 w"ic" wa! inten e for 'a1)ent b1 'etitioner of it! va$(e a e ta6 4%A#5 to t"e 7(rea( of Interna$ Reven(e 47IR5? Petitioner on t"e ot"er "an c$ai)! t"at 'rivate re!'on ent wa! not it! e)'$o1ee b(t on$1 t"e (nc$e of A)e$ita Ma$abe , t"e owner of 'etitioner St? MartinD! +(nera$ :o)e? So)eti)e in 1--5, 'rivate re!'on ent, w"o wa! for)er$1 worAin& a! an over!ea! contract worAer, a!Ae for financia$ a!!i!tance fro) t"e )ot"er of A)e$ita? Since t"en, a! an in ication of &ratit( e, 'rivate re!'on ent vo$(ntari$1 "e$'e t"e )ot"er of A)e$ita in over!eein& t"e b(!ine!!? - In ,an(ar1 1--8, t"e )ot"er of A)e$ita 'a!!e awa1, !o t"e $atter t"en tooA over t"e )ana&e)ent of t"e b(!ine!!? S"e t"en i!covere t"at t"ere were arrear! in t"e 'a1)ent of ta6e! an ot"er &overn)ent fee!, a$t"o(&" t"e recor ! '(r'orte to !"ow t"at t"e !a)e were a$rea 1 'ai ? A)e$ita t"en )a e !o)e c"an&e! in t"e b(!ine!! o'eration an 'rivate re!'on ent an "i! wife were no $on&er a$$owe to 'artici'ate in t"e )ana&e)ent t"ereof? A! a con!e/(ence, t"e $atter fi$e a co)'$aint c"ar&in& t"at 'etitioner "a i$$e&a$$1 ter)inate "i! e)'$o1)ent? - Private re!'on ent a''ea$e to t"e ;LRC? On ,(ne 1., 1--9, t"e ;LRC ren ere a re!o$(tion !ettin& a!i e t"e /(e!tione eci!ion an re)an in& t"e ca!e to t"e $abor arbiter for i))e iate a''ro'riate 'rocee in&!? Petitioner t"en fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration w"ic" wa! enie b1 t"e ;LRC in it! re!o$(tion ate A(&(!t 1>, 1--9 for $acA of )erit, "ence t"e 're!ent 'etition a$$e&in& t"at t"e ;LRC co))itte &rave ab(!e of i!cretion? ISSUE =O; t"e SC !"o($ entertain t"e 're!ent 'etition HELD ;O 4!"o($ be re)an e to CA5 Ratio. A$$ reference! in t"e a)en e Sec - of 7P ;o? 12- to !(''o!e a''ea$! fro) t"e ;LRC to t"e SC are inter'rete an "ereb1 ec$are to )ean an refer to 'etition! for certiorari (n er R($e 85? Con!e/(ent$1, a$$ !(c" 'etition! !"o($ "encefort" be initia$$1 fi$e in t"e CA in !trict ob!ervance of t"e octrine on t"e "ierarc"1 of co(rt! a! t"e a''ro'riate for() for t"e re$ief e!ire ? Reasoning. It wi$$ be note t"at 'ara&ra'" 4.5, Section - of 7?P? ;o? 12- now &rant! e6c$(!ive a''e$$ate 2(ri! iction to t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! over a$$ fina$ a 2( ication! of t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt! an t"e /(a!i2( icia$ a&encie! &enera$$1 or !'ecifica$$1 referre to t"erein e6ce't, a)on& ot"er!, *t"o!e fa$$in& wit"in t"e a''e$$ate 2(ri! iction of t"e S('re)e Co(rt in accor ance wit" ? ? ? t"e Labor Co e of t"e P"i$i''ine! (n er Pre!i entia$ 3ecree ;o? 442, a! a)en e , ? ? ? ?* #"i! wo($ nece!!ari$1 contra ict w"at "a! been r($e an !ai a$$ a$on& t"at a''ea$ oe! not $ie fro) eci!ion! of t"e ;LRC? Cet, (n er !(c" e6ce'tin& c$a(!e $itera$$1 con!tr(e , t"e a''ea$ fro) t"e ;LRC cannot be bro(&"t to t"e Co(rt of A''ea$!, b(t to t"i! Co(rt b1 nece!!ar1 i)'$ication? #"e !a)e e6ce'tive c$a(!e f(rt"er conf(!e! t"e !it(ation b1 ec$arin& t"at t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! "a! no a''e$$ate 2(ri! iction over eci!ion! fa$$in& wit"in t"e a''e$$ate 2(ri! iction of t"e S('re)e Co(rt in accor ance wit" t"e Con!tit(tion, t"e 'rovi!ion! of 7?P? ;o? 12-, an t"o!e !'ecifie ca!e! in Section 19 of t"e ,( iciar1 Act of 1-4>? #"e!e ca!e! can, of co(r!e, be 'ro'er$1 e6c$( e fro) t"e e6c$(!ive a''e$$ate 2(ri! iction of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$!? :owever, beca(!e of t"e afore)entione a)en )ent b1 tran!'o!ition, a$!o !(''o!e $1 e6c$( e are ca!e! fa$$in& wit"in t"e a''e$$ate 2(ri! iction of t"e S('re)e Co(rt in accor ance wit" t"e Labor Co e? #"i! i! i$$o&ica$ an i)'racticab$e, an Con&re!! co($ not "ave inten e t"at 'roce (ra$ &affe, !ince t"ere are no ca!e! in t"e Labor Co e t"e eci!ion!, re!o$(tion!, or er! or awar ! w"erein are wit"in t"e a''e$$ate 2(ri! iction of t"e S('re)e Co(rt or of an1 ot"er co(rt for t"at )atter? -Inci enta$$1, it wa! note b1 t"e !'on!or t"erein t"at !o)e /(arter! were of t"e o'inion t"at reco(r!e fro) t"e ;LRC to t"e Co(rt of

B. COURT OF APPEALS ST MARTIN FUNERAL HOME VS NLRC <?R? ;o? 1.0>88 RE<ALA3O; Se't 18, 1-->
NATURE

11 A''ea$! a! an initia$ !te' in t"e 'roce!! of 2( icia$ review wo($ be circ(ito(! an wo($ 'ro$on& t"e 'rocee in&!? On t"e contrar1, a! "e co))en ab$1 an rea$i!tica$$1 e)'"a!iBe , t"at 'roce (re wo($ be a vanta&eo(! to t"e a&&rieve 'art1 on t"i! rea!onin&@ i?e?, , to a$$ow t"e!e ca!e! to be a''ea$e to t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! wo($ &ive $iti&ant! t"e a vanta&e to "ave a$$ t"e evi ence on recor be ree6a)ine an rewei&"e after w"ic" t"e fin in&! of fact! an conc$(!ion! of !ai bo ie! are corre!'on in&$1 affir)e , )o ifie or rever!e ? -In er !(c" &(arantee, t"e S('re)e Co(rt can t"en a''$1 !trict$1 t"e a6io) t"at fact(a$ fin in&! of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! are fina$ an )a1 not be rever!e on a''ea$ to t"e S('re)e Co(rt? A 'er(!a$ of t"e recor ! wi$$ revea$ a''ea$! w"ic" are fact(a$ in nat(re an )a1, t"erefore, be i!)i!!e o(tri&"t b1 )in(te re!o$(tion!? -="i$e t"e SC oe! not wi!" to intr( e into t"e Con&re!!iona$ !'"ere on t"e )atter of t"e wi! o) of a $aw, on t"i! !core it a ! t"e f(rt"er ob!ervation! t"at t"ere i! a &rowin& n()ber of $abor ca!e! bein& e$evate to t"i! Co(rt w"ic", not bein& a trier of fact, "a! at ti)e! been con!traine to re)an t"e ca!e to t"e ;LRC for re!o$(tion of (nc$ear or a)bi&(o(! fact(a$ fin in&!; t"at t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! i! 'roce (ra$$1 e/(i''e for t"at '(r'o!e, a!i e fro) t"e increa!e n()ber of it! co)'onent ivi!ion!; an t"at t"ere i! (n eniab$1 an i)'erative nee for e6'e itio(! action on $abor ca!e! a! a )a2or a!'ect of con!tit(tiona$ 'rotection to $abor? -#"i! ca!e t"erefore, reiterate t"e 2( icia$ 'o$ic1 t"at t"e S('re)e Co(rt wi$$ not entertain irect re!ort to it (n$e!! t"e re re!! e!ire cannot be obtaine in t"e a''ro'riate co(rt! or w"ere e6ce'tiona$ an co)'e$$in& circ()!tance! 2(!tif1 avai$)ent of a re)e 1 wit"in an ca$$in& for t"e e6erci!e of it! 'ri)ar1 2(ri! iction? Disposition.#"e in!tant 'etition for certiorari i! "ereb1 REMA;3E3, an a$$ 'ertinent recor ! t"ereof or ere to be +OR=AR3E3, to t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! for a''ro'riate action an i!'o!ition con!i!tent wit" t"e view! an r($in& "erein !et fort", wit"o(t 'rono(nce)ent a! to co!t!? t"e)!e$ve!? Sai $oan! were ee)e to be ano)a$o(! 'artic($ar$1 beca(!e t"e tota$ 'ai -in ca'ita$ of P7P at t"at ti)e wa! on$1 P 140?544 )i$$ion? #"i! )ean! t"at t"e entire 'ai -in ca'ita$ of t"e banA, to&et"er wit" !o)e P180 )i$$ion of e'o!itor!D )one1, wa! (ti$iBe b1 P7P )ana&e)ent to f(n t"e!e (n!ec(re $oan!? - at t"e "ei&"t of t"e controver!1 !(rro(n in& t"e i!cover1 of t"e ano)a$o(! $oan!, !evera$ b$in ite)! abo(t a fa)i$1-owne banA in 7inon o w"ic" &rante fictitio(! $oan! to it! !tocA"o$ er! a''eare in )a2or new!'a'er!? #"e!e new! ite)! tri&&ere a banA-r(n in P7P w"ic" re!($te in contin(o(! over- rawin&! on t"e banAD! e)an e'o!it acco(nt wit" t"e C7? On t"e ba!i! of t"e re'ort !(b)itte b1 t"e S('ervi!ion an E6a)ination Sector, 3e'art)ent I of t"e C7, t"e Monetar1 7oar 4M7 '$ace P7P (n er con!ervator!"i'? - P7P nonet"e$e!! re/(e!te t"at t"e !a)e be $ifte b1 t"e C7? Con!e/(ent$1, t"e M7 irecte t"e 'rinci'a$ !tocA"o$ er! of P7P to increa!e it! ca'ita$ acco(nt! b1 !(c" an a)o(nt t"at wo($ be nece!!ar1 for t"e e$i)ination of P7PD! ne&ative net wort"? - C7 !enior e'(t1 <overnor <abrie$ Sin&!on infor)e P7P t"at t"e C7 wo($ be wi$$in& to $ift t"e con!ervator!"i' (n er t"e fo$$owin& con ition!@ 4a5 P7PD! (n!ec(re over raft wit" t"e Centra$ 7anA wi$$ be converte into an e)er&enc1 $oan, to be !ec(re b1 !(fficient co$$atera$ 4b5 A co)'tro$$er for P7P an an1 n()ber of banA e6a)iner! ee)e nece!!ar1 to over!ee P7PD! o'eration! !"a$$ be e!i&nate b1 t"e C7, (n er ter)! of reference to be eter)ine b1 t"e <overnor; 4c5 A $etter fro) t"e Mana&e)ent of P7P a(t"oriBin& t"e C7 to a(to)atica$$1 ret(rn c$earin& ite)! t"at wo($ re!($t in an over raft in it! C7 acco(nt !"a$$ be !(b)itte to t"e C7? - t"e M7 a''rove t"e con!o$i ation of P7PD! ot"er (n!ec(re ob$i&ation! to t"e C7 wit" it! over raft an a(t"oriBin& t"e conver!ion t"ereof into an e)er&enc1 $oan? #"e !a)e re!o$(tion a(t"oriBe t"e C7 <overnor to $ift t"e con!ervator!"i' an ret(rn P7PD! )ana&e)ent to it! 'rinci'a$ !tocA"o$ er! ('on co)'$etion of t"e oc()entation an f($$ co$$atera$iBation of t"e e)er&enc1 $oan, b(t irecte P7P to 'a1 t"e e)er&enc1 $oan in 5 e/(a$ ann(a$ in!ta$$)ent!, wit" intere!t an 'ena$t1 rate! at MRR 1>0 a1! '$(! 4>J 'er ann(), an $i/(i ate a)a&e! of 5J for e$a1e 'a1)ent!? - P7P !(b)itte a re"abi$itation '$an to t"e C7? A$t"o(&" !ai 'ro'o!a$ wa! e6'$ore an i!c(!!e , no 'ro&ra) acce'tab$e to bot" t"e C7 an PPI wa! arrive at beca(!e of i!a&ree)ent! on certain )atter! !(c" a! intere!t rate!, 'ena$tie! an $i/(i ate a)a&e!? ;o ot"er re"abi$itation 'ro&ra) wa! !(b)itte b1 P7P for a$)o!t . 1ear!; a! a re!($t t"ereof, it! over raft! wit" t"e C7 contin(e to acc()($ate? Con!e/(ent$1, 'er Re!o$(tion ;o? 84-, t"e C7 Monetar1 7oar eci e to a''rove in 'rinci'$e w"at it con!i ere a viab$e re"abi$itation 'ro&ra) for P7P? - #"ere bein& no re!'on!e fro) bot" P7P an PPI on t"e 'ro'o!e re"abi$itation '$an, t"e M7 i!!(e Re!o$(tion ;o? 951 on 9 A(&(!t 1->9 in!tr(ctin& C7 )ana&e)ent to a vi!e t"e banA t"at@ a? #"e C7 con!ervator!"i' over P7P )a1 be $ifte on$1 after P7P !"a$$ "ave i entifie t"e new &ro(' of !tocA"o$ er! w"o wi$$ '(t in new ca'ita$ in P7P an after t"e Monetar1 7oar !"a$$ "ave con!i ere !(c" new !tocA"o$ er! a! acce'tab$e; an b? #"e !tocA"o$ er! of P7P "ave to eci e w"et"er or not to acce't t"e ter)! of t"e re"abi$itation '$an a! 'rovi e (n er Re!o$(tion ;o? 84- wit"in one weeA fro) recei't of notice "ereof an if !(c" ter)! are not acce'tab$e to t"e), t"e Centra$ 7anA wi$$ taAe a''ro'riate a$ternative action on t"e )atter; ? ? ? - t"e P7P, wit"o(t re!'on in& to t"e co))(nication! of t"e C7, fi$e a co)'$aint a&ain!t t"e C7, t"e M7 an C7 <overnor ,o!e 7? +ernan eB, ,r? #"e co)'$aint, a$$e&e t"at t"e con!ervator!"i' wa! (nwarrante , i$$-)otivate , i$$e&a$, (tter$1 (nnece!!ar1 an (n2(!tifie ; t"at t"e a''oint)ent of t"e con!ervator wa! arbitrar1; t"at "erein 'etitioner! acte in ba fait"; t"at t"e C7- e!i&nate con!ervator! co))itte banA fra( ! an ab(!e!; t"at t"e C7 i! &(i$t1 of 'ro)i!!or1 e!to''e$; an t"at b1 rea!on of t"e con!ervator!"i', it !(ffere $o!!e!? It 'ra1e for a 2( icia$ review of t"e M7 Re!o$(tion! an t"e i!!(ance of a #RO? - #"e ca!e wa! raff$e to 7ranc" 149 of MaAati R#C co(rt w"ic" wa! t"en 're!i e over b1 re!'on ent ,( &e? - re!'on ent ,( &e i!!(e a #RO; S(b!e/(ent$1, "e i!!(e an Or er en2oinin& efen ant-'etitioner! or an1 of t"eir a&ent! fro) i)'$e)entin& Monetar1 7oar Re!o$(tion! ;o!? 84- an 951 or fro) taAin& t"e t"reatene *a''ro'riate a$ternative action* inc$( in& e6c$(!ion of '$aintiff banA fro) !ett$e)ent of c$earin& ba$ance! at t"e Centra$ 7anA c$earin& "o(!e or an1 ot"er action t"at wi$$ i!t(rb t"e

C. RTC CENTRAL BANF OF THE PHILIPPINES %n) HON. JOSE B. FERNANDEZ, VS CA, JUD/E TEOFILO /UADIZ, JR., PRODUCERS BANF OF THE PHILIPPINES %n) PRODUCERS PROPERTIES, INC. 8B: SCRA 548 DAVIDE< M%( :, =>>8
NATURE #"e co))on ori&in of t"e!e ca!e! i! Pro (cer! 7anA of t"e P"i$i''ine! an Pro (cer! Pro'ertie!, Inc? v! C7, ,o!e 7? +ernan eB? ,r? an t"e Monetar1 7oar fi$e before t"e MaAati R#C? - t"e con!o$i ation of t"e 2 ca!e! wa! or ere @ FIRST CASE- a 'etition for review on certiorari of t"e eci!ion an t"e re!o$(tion of t"e CA? #"e i)'(&ne eci!ion ('"e$ t"e Or er of re!'on ent ,( &e <(a iB &rantin& t"e )otion for i!!(ance of a writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction en2oinin& C7, +ernan eB an t"e Monetar1 7oar fro) i)'$e)entin& Monetar1 7oar Re!o$(tion! ;o? 84- an ;o? 951, or fro) taAin& t"e t"reatene a''ro'riate a$ternative action an t"e Or er in t"e !a)e ca!e en1in& 'etitioner!D )otion to i!)i!! an vacate !ai in2(nction? #"e c"a$$en&e re!o$(tion, on t"e ot"er "an , enie 'etitioner!D M+R? SECOND CASE- a 'etition for review irecte 'rinci'a$$1 a&ain!t t"e eci!ion of t"e CA i!)i!!in& t"e 'etition t"erein fi$e an !(!taine t"e vario(! Or er! of t"e re!'on ent ,( &e, b(t irecte t"e '$aintiff! t"erein to a)en t"e a)en e co)'$aint b1 !tatin& in it! 'ra1er t"e !'ecific a)o(nt of a)a&e! w"ic" Pro (cer! 7anA of t"e P"i$i''ine! 4P7P5 c$ai)! to "ave !(!taine a! a re!($t of $o!!e! of o'eration an t"e con!ervatorD! banA fra( ! an ab(!e!; t"e C$erA of Co(rt wa! a$!o or ere to eter)ine t"e a)o(nt of fi$in& fee! w"ic" !"o($ be 'ai b1 t"e '$aintiff! wit"in t"e a''$icab$e 're!cri'tive or re&$e)entar1 'erio ? FACTS - Petitioner! c$ai) t"at (rin& t"e re&($ar e6a)ination of t"e P7P, C7 e6a)iner! !t()b$e ('on !o)e "i&"$1 /(e!tionab$e $oan! w"ic" "a been e6ten e b1 t"e P7P )ana&e)ent to !evera$ entitie!? I'on f(rt"er e6a)ination, it wa! i!covere t"at t"e!e $oan!, tota$$in& a''ro6i)ate$1 P.00 )i$$ion, were *fictitio(!* a! t"e1 were e6ten e , wit"o(t co$$atera$, to certain intere!t! re$ate to P7P owner!

12 !tat(! /(o or t"e viabi$it1 of '$aintiff banA (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of t"i! ca!e con itione ('on t"e 'o!tin& of a bon in t"e a)o(nt of P2,000,000?00? - P7P fi$e t"e A)en e Co)'$aint i)'$ea in& PPI a! an a itiona$ '$aintiff? ;o new a$$e&ation! or ca(!e! of action for !ai '$aintiff were )a e? Petitioner! fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! t"e A)en e Co)'$aint? - t"e re!'on ent ,( &e "an e own an Or er en1in& t"e )otion to i!)i!! on t"e fo$$owin& &ro(n !@ 4a5 t"e a)en e co)'$aint a$$e&e! ($ti)ate fact! !"owin& t"at '$aintiff "a! a ri&"t an t"at !(c" a ri&"t "a! been vio$ate b1 efen ant; t"e /(e!tione M7 Re!o$(tion! were i!!(e arbitrari$1 an wit" ba fait", *bein& a 'art of a !c"e)e to ive!t '$aintiffD! 're!ent !tocA"o$ er! of t"eir contro$ of P7P an to awar t"e !a)e to t"e P3IC or it! (nAnown tran!feree!*; an t"e aver)ent! of $e&a$it1 or i$$e&a$it1 of t"e con!ervator!"i' are re$evant to t"e ca(!e of action !ince t"e co)'$aint !eeA! t"e $iftin& of t"e con!ervator!"i'; 4b5 ="i$e it i! tr(e t"at (n er Section 2>-A of t"e Centra$ 7anA Act t"e con!ervator taAe! over t"e )ana&e)ent of a banA, t"e 7oar of 3irector! of !(c" banA i! not 'ro"ibite fro) fi$in& a !(it to $ift t"e con!ervator!"i' an fro) /(e!tionin& t"e va$i it1 of bot" t"e con!ervatorD! fra( ($ent act! an ab(!e! an it! 'rinci'a$D! 4M75 arbitrar1 action; be!i e!, PPI i! now a 'art1-'$aintiff in t"e action; an 4c5 '$aintiff! "ave 'ai t"e correct fi$in& fee! !ince *t"e va$(e of t"e ca!e cannot be e!ti)ate ?* FIR+T C!+, - Inab$e to acce't t"e above Or er, C7 an +ernan eB fi$e wit" re!'on ent CA a 'etition for certiorari wit" 're$i)inar1 in2(nction to ann($ t"e Or er! of t"e re!'on ent ,( &e, re!train t"e i)'$e)entation of t"e !a)e an n($$if1 t"e writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction? #"e1 conten t"erein t"at@ 1? #"e tria$ co(rtD! in2(nctive or er an writ are ano)a$o(! an i$$e&a$ beca(!e t"e1 are irecte a&ain!t C7 act! an )ea!(re! w"ic" con!tit(te no inva!ion of '$aintiffD! ri&"t!; an 2? #"e co)'$aint fi$e wa!, on it! face, i!)i!!ib$e@ 4a5 for fai$(re to !tate a ca(!e of action, 4b5 for bein& (na(t"oriBe b1 t"e 'art1 in w"o!e na)e it '(r'ort! to "ave been fi$e , an 4c5 for fai$(re of t"e '(r'orte '$aintiff to 'a1 t"e re/(ire fi$in& fee!? - CA i!)i!!e t"e 'etition for $acA of )erit, r($in& t"at t"e C7D! !( en an (nti)e$1 anno(nce)ent of t"e con!ervator!"i' over P7P ero e t"e confi ence w"ic" t"e banAin& '(b$ic "a "it"erto re'o!e on t"e banA an re!($te in t"e banA-r(n; it t"en conc$( e t"at w"en t"e C7 *'ere)'tori$1 an i$$ti)e$1 anno(nce * t"e con!ervator!"i', P7P wa! not &iven an o''ort(nit1 to be "ear !ince t"e C7 arbitrari$1 br(!"e a!i e a )ini!trative (e 'roce!! notwit"!tan in& P7PD! "avin& !(fficient$1 e!tab$i!"e it! in"erent cor'orate ri&"t to a(tono)o(!$1 'erfor) it! banAin& activitie! wit"o(t (n (e &overn)enta$ interference t"at wo($ in effect ive!t it! !tocA"o$ er! of t"eir contro$ over t"e o'eration! of t"e banA?* It f(rt"er "e$ t"at t"e c"a$$en&e re!o$(tion! of t"e M7 are not 2(!t a vi!or1 in c"aracter *beca(!e t"e !a)e !o(&"t to i)'o!e ('on t"e re!'on ent banA 'etitioner!D &overn)enta$ act! t"at were !'ecifica$$1 e!i&ne an e6ec(te to evi!e a !c"e)e t"at wo($ irre'arab$1 ive!t fro) t"e !tocA"o$ er! of t"e re!'on ent banA contro$ of t"e !a)e?* On t"e i!!(e of t"e non-'a1)ent of t"e correct ocAet fee!, t"e !ai co(rt, in r($in& t"at t"e correct a)o(nt wa! 'ai , !ai t"at *t"e in!tant ca!e i! inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation beca(!e t"e va$(e of t"e $o!!e! inc(rre b1 t"e re!'on ent banA cannot be ca$ibrate nor 'inne own to a !'ecific a)o(nt in view of t"e a)a&e t"at )a1 be ca(!e b1 t"e a''oint)ent of a con!ervator to it! &oo wi$$ an !tan in& in t"e co))(nit1?* - 'etitioner! fi$e wit" t"i! Co(rt t"e in!tant 'etition for review? It i! a$$e&e t"erein t"at t"e re!'on ent Co(rt co))itte &rave ab(!e of i!cretion in@ 415 I&norin& 'etitioner!D contention t"at !ince P7P i not 'a1 t"e correct fi$in& fee!, t"e tria$ co(rt i not ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e; "ence, '(r!(ant to Manc"e!ter 3eve$o')ent Cor'?, et a$? v!? Co(rt of A''ea$!, et a$?, t"e co)'$aint !"o($ "ave been i!)i!!e for $acA of 2(ri! iction on t"e 'art of t"e co(rt; 425 ? ? ? r($in& on t"e 'ro'riet1 or i)'ro'riet1 of t"e con!ervator!"i' a! a ba!i! for eter)inin& t"e e6i!tence of a ca(!e of action !ince t"e a)en e co)'$aint oe! not !eeA t"e ann($)ent or $iftin& of t"e con!ervator!"i'; 4.5 ? ? ? not "o$ in& t"at t"e a)en e co)'$aint !"o($ "ave been i!)i!!e beca(!e it wa! fi$e in t"e na)e of P7P wit"o(t t"e a(t"orit1 of it! con!ervator; an 445 ? ? ? not !ettin& a!i e t"e Or er of t"e tria$ co(rt &rantin& t"e i!!(ance of a writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction w"ic" (n$awf($$1 re!traine t"e C7 fro) e6erci!in& it! )an ate re!'on!ibi$itie! an effective$1 co)'e$$e it to a$$ow t"e P7P to contin(e inc(rrin& over raft! wit" it? - 'rivate re!'on ent! ar&(e t"at t"e Manc"e!ter r($e i! not a''$icab$e in t"e ca!e at bar beca(!e w"at i! 'ri)ari$1 !o(&"t for "erein i! a writ of in2(nction an not an awar for a)a&e!; it i! f(rt"er a$$e&e t"at an or er en1in& a )otion to i!)i!! i! neit"er a''ea$ab$e nor be )a e t"e 'ro'er !(b2ect of a 'etition for certiorari ab!ent a c$ear !"owin& of $acA of 2(ri! iction or &rave ab(!e of i!cretion? +,CO-D C!+, - P(r!(ant to t"e 'ower! an a(t"orit1 conferre ('on "er b1 t"e Centra$ 7anA, Att1? Leoni a #an!in!in-Encarnacion, in "er ca'acit1 a! con!ervator, in!tit(te refor)! ai)e at )aAin& P7P )ore viab$e? =it" t"i! '(r'o!e in )in , !"e !tarte reor&aniBin& t"e banAD! 'er!onne$ an co))ittee!? - In or er to 'revent "er fro) contin(in& wit" t"e reor&aniBation, P7P fi$e an O)nib(! Motion a!Ain& t"e tria$ co(rt for an or er@ 4a5 rein!tatin& P7P officer! to t"eir ori&ina$ 'o!ition! an re!torin& t"e banAD! !tan in& co))ittee! to t"eir re!'ective co)'o!ition! 'rior to !ai reor&aniBation; 4b5 en2oinin& t"e $ea!e of an1 'ortion of t"e banAD! !'ace in Pro (cer! 7anA Centre b(i$ in& to t"ir 'artie! an t"e re$ocation of e'art)ent!Eoffice! of P7P a! wa! conte)'$ate ; an 4c5 to "o$ , after an o''ort(nit1 to be "ear i! &iven "er, !ai con!ervator in conte)'t of co(rt for i!obe ience of an re!i!tance to t"e writ of in2(nction? An o''o!ition to t"e conte)'t c"ar&e wa! $ater fi$e b1 !ai 'etitioner? - re!'on ent ,( &e i!!(e an Or er 4a5 re/(irin& con!ervator #an!in!in-Encarnacion to rein!tate P7P officer! to t"eir ori&ina$ 'o!ition! 'rior to t"e reor&aniBation of t"e banAD! 'er!onne$ an re!tore P7PD! !tan in& co))ittee! to t"eir ori&ina$ co)'o!ition!, an 4b5 re!trainin& "er fro) $ea!in& o(t to t"ir 'artie! an1 'ortion of P7PD! !'ace in t"e Pro (cer! 7anA Centre b(i$ in&? - A !econ Or er irecte #an!in!in-Encarnacion to '(b$i!" t"e financia$ !tate)ent of P7P - On !evera$ occa!ion! t"ereafter, con!ervator #an!in!in-Encarnacion ca(!e t"e '(b$ication of P7PD! financia$ !tate)ent a! re/(ire b1 re&($ation!, wit"o(t, "owever, carr1in& t"e ite)! en()erate b1 t"e tria$ co(rt a! *!(!'en!e acco(nt!?* Con!e/(ent$1, conte)'t c"ar&e! were fi$e a&ain!t "er, of w"ic" !"e wa! fo(n &(i$t1? #an!in!inEncarnacion fi$e a 'etition for certiorari a&ain!t re!'on ent ,( &e, :enr1 L? Co an t"e $aw fir) of H(i!()bin&, #orre! an Evan&e$i!ta? S"e 'ra1! t"erein for 2( &)ent ec$arin& re!'on ent 2( &e to be wit"o(t 2(ri! iction to entertain bot" t"e co)'$aint an a)en e co)'$aint; ec$arin& n($$ an voi a$$ "i! or er!, !'ecia$$1 t"e conte)'t or er!; an fin in& re!'on ent ,( &e an re!'on ent $aw1er! &(i$t1 of vio$atin& t"eir re!'ective oat"! of office? - In "er Me)oran () !(b)itte to t"e CA, #an!in!in-Encarnacion a$$e&e t"at@ 415 re!'on ent ,( &e "a! no 2(ri! iction beca(!e t"e fi$in& of t"e ca!e wa! not a(t"oriBe b1 t"e 'etitioner or t"e con!ervator in vio$ation of Section 2>-A of R?A? ;o? 285, a! a)en e , it wa! fi$e after t"e ten 4105 a1 'erio 're!cribe b1 Section 2- of R?A? ;o? 285, a! a)en e , an t"e correct ocAet fee! were not 'ai ; 425 re!'on ent ,( &e i$$e&a$$1 or ere "er to ret(rn to PPI t"e a )ini!tration of t"e banAD! t"ree 4.5 'ro'ertie!, contrar1 to "i! own writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction an ear$ier or er to )aAe t"e banA viab$e, an to '(b$i!" t"e a$$e&e *!(!'en!e acco(nt!* contrar1 to Section 2>A of R?A? ;o? 285, a! a)en e , t"e writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction an "er con!tit(tiona$ ri&"t to !i$ence; 4.5 re!'on ent ,( &e erre in ec$arin& "er in conte)'t of co(rt notwit"!tan in& "i! $acA of 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e an fai$(re to !et an1 ate for t"e "earin& an rece'tion of evi ence, in vio$ation of "er ri&"t to (e 'roce!! of $aw; an 445 re!'on ent! ,( &e an $aw1er! are a )ini!trative$1 $iab$e for t"eir &ro!!$1 i$$e&a$ act(ation! an for e'rivin& t"e <overn)ent of at $ea!t P1.?2 )i$$ion in fi$in& fee!? - In i!'o!in& of t"e i!!(e! rai!e , re!'on ent Co(rt )ere$1 a o'te wit" a''rova$ t"e r($in& of t"e re!'on ent ,( &e on t"e /(e!tion of 2(ri! iction, !(!tainin& t"e re!'on ent ,( &eD! r($in&? A! to t"e fi$in& of t"e co)'$aint after t"e $a'!e of t"e 10- a1 'erio 'rovi e for in Section 2- of R?A? ;o? 285, it r($e t"at t"e Section oe! not a''$1 beca(!e t"e co)'$aint e!!entia$$1 !eeA! to co)'e$ t"e con!ervator to 'erfor) "i! (tie! an refer! to circ()!tance! an inci ent! w"ic" tran!'ire after !ai 10- a1 'erio ? - On t"e i!!(e of $acA of 2(ri! iction for non-'a1)ent of correct fi$in& fee!, to w"ic" an e6ce'tion wa! )a e in t"e i!'o!itive 'ortion, t"e re!'on ent Co(rt fo(n t"e !a)e to be *'art$1* )eritorio(!? It a&ree wit" 'etitioner t"at w"i$e t"e ot"er $o!!e! an a)a&e! !o(&"t to be recovere are inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation, t"e a)a&e! inf$icte

1. on P7P (e to $o!!e! of o'eration an t"e con!ervatorD! banA fra( ! an ab(!e! were in fact 'e&&e at P10>,49-,991?00 in 'ara&ra'" 28 of t"e a)en e co)'$aint? #"i! !'ecific a)o(nt, "owever, !"o($ "ave been !tate in t"e 'ra1er of t"e co)'$aint? It a$!o "e$ t"at t"e Manc"e!ter ca!e *"a! been $e&a$$1 con!tr(e in t"e !(b!e/(ent ca!e of S(n In!(rance Office Lt ? an t"e ca!e of +i$i'ina! S"e$$ Petro$e() Cor'? to t"e effect t"at a''$1in& t"e octrine initiate in t"e ca!e of Manc"e!ter, to&et"er wit" !ai !(b!e/(ent t"ereto 4!ic5, '$aintiff! in t"e ori&ina$ ca!e !"o($ be &iven a rea!onab$e ti)e to a)en t"eir co)'$aint, )ore 'artic($ar$1, to !tate in t"eir 'ra1er in t"e a)en e co)'$aint t"e !'ecific a)o(nt of a)a&e! ? ? ?* - On t"e or er! of conte)'t an t"e rea!on! t"erefor, re!'on ent Co(rt )ere$1 !tate @ ? ? ? <enera$$1, w"en t"e co(rt "a! 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter an of t"e 'er!on, eci!ion! ('on or /(e!tion! 'ertinent to t"e ca(!e are eci!ion! wit"in it! 2(ri! iction, an "owever, irre&($ar or erroneo(! t"e1 )a1 be, t"e1 cannot be correcte b1 certiorari? - +ina$$1, on t"e a )ini!trative $iabi$it1 of t"e re!'on ent ,( &e an t"e $aw1er!, t"e re!'on ent Co(rt ec$are t"e c$ai) to be wit"o(t )erit? ISSUE =O; t"e re!'on ent ,( &e co))itte &rave ab(!e of i!cretion a)o(ntin& to $acA of 2(ri! iction in not i!)i!!in& t"e Civi$ Ca!e on t"e &ro(n of non-'a1)ent of t"e correct a)o(nt of ocAet fee in vio$ation of t"e r($e en(nciate in 2anchester 3evelopment Corp. vs. Court of Appeals# et al. HELD Ratio #"e action )(!t be i!)i!!e for fai$(re of t"e '$aintiff! t"erein to 'a1 t"e correct ocAet fee!, '(r!(ant to 2anchester. #"e !ai ca!e wa! eci e b1 t"i! Co(rt on 9 Ma1 1->9, e6act$1 . )ont"! an 20 a1! before t"e fi$in& of t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint an 5 )ont"! an 1> a1! before t"e fi$in& of t"e A)en e Co)'$aint? It wa! r($e t"erein t"at@ The Court ac*uires jurisdiction over an% case onl% upon the pa%$ent of the prescri&ed doc'et fee. !n a$end$ent of the co$plaint or si$ilar pleading will not there&% vest jurisdiction in the Court( $uch less the pa%$ent of the doc'et fee &ased on the a$ounts sought in the a$ended pleading. Reasoning #"e re!'on ent ,( &e, in r($in& t"at P7P an PPI "a 'ai t"e correct ocAet fee of P102?00, !ai t"at *t"e va$(e of t"e ca!e cannot be e!ti)ate * !ince w"at i! !o(&"t i! an in2(nction a&ain!t t"e enforce)ent of t"e c"a$$en&e re!o$(tion! of t"e M7; in !"ort, t"e c$ai) for a)a&e! i! )ere$1 inci enta$? I'on t"e ot"er "an , re!'on ent Co(rt, in it! Re!o$(tion, r($e t"at t"e ca!e i! *inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation* beca(!e t"e va$(e of t"e $o!!e! inc(rre b1 t"e P7P *cannot be ca$ibrate nor 'inne own to a !'ecific a)o(nt in view of t"e a)a&e t"at )a1 be ca(!e b1 t"e a''oint)ent of a con!ervator to it! &oo wi$$ an !tan in& in t"e co))(nit1?* 7ot" conc$(!ion! are (nfo(n e an are t"e re!($t of a )i!a''re"en!ion of t"e a$$e&ation! an ca(!e! of action in bot" t"e co)'$aint an a)en e co)'$aint? - ="i$e P7P c$ever$1 wor e it! co)'$aint to )aAe it a''ear a! one 'rinci'a$$1 for in2(nction, e$iberate$1 o)ittin& t"e c$ai) for a)a&e! a! a !'ecific ca(!e of action, a caref($ e6a)ination t"ereof bear! t"at t"e !a)e i! in rea$it1 an action for a)a&e! ari!in& o(t of t"e a$$e&e *(nwarrante , i$$-)otivate an i$$e&a$ con!ervator!"i',* or a con!ervator!"i' w"ic" *wa! (tter$1 (nnece!!ar1 an (n2(!tifie ,* an t"e *arbitrar1* a''oint)ent of a con!ervator? #"(!, a! !tate ear$ier, it evote t"e b($A of it! 'etition to etai$e event!, occ(rrence! an tran!action! in !(''ort t"ereof an 'atient$1 en()erate t"e $o!!e! it !(!taine an !(ffere ? - #"e!e are t"e ver1 a)a&e! referre to in t"e 'ra1er@ Fto f($$1 re'air t"e a)a&e! inf$icte on P7P con!i!tin& of $o!!e! of o'eration an t"e con!ervator!D banA fra( ! an ab(!e!L b(t not !'ecifie t"erein? #o t"i! Co(rtD! )in , t"i! wa! one to eva e t"e 'a1)ent of t"e corre!'on in& fi$in& fee! w"ic", a! co)'(te b1 'etitioner on t"e ba!i! a$one of t"e !'ecifie $o!!e! of P10>,49-,991?00, wo($ a)o(nt to abo(t P 4.9,000?00? #"e P7P t"en c$ear$1 acte wit" )anife!t ba fait" in re!ortin& to t"e fore&oin& c$ever !trate&1 to avoi 'a1in& t"e correct fi$in& fee!? #"e 'rono(nce)ent! in t"e Manc"e!ter ca!e !"o($ t"(! be reiterate @ #"e Co(rt cannot c$o!e t"i! ca!e wit"o(t )aAin& t"e ob!ervation t"at it frown! at t"e 'ractice of co(n!e$ w"o fi$e t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint in t"i! ca!e of o)ittin& an1 !'ecification of t"e a)o(nt of a)a&e! in t"e 'ra1er a$t"o(&" t"e a)o(nt of over P9> )i$$ion i! a$$e&e in t"e bo 1 of t"e co)'$aint? #"i! i! c$ear$1 inten e for no ot"er '(r'o!e t"an to eva e t"e 'a1)ent of t"e correct fi$in& fee! if not to )i!$ea t"e ocAet c$erA in t"e a!!e!!)ent of t"e fi$in& fee? ? ? ? - #"e re!'on ent Co(rt it!e$f, confronte b1 t"e !a)e i!!(e, b(t 'er"a'! (naware of it! ear$ier Re!o$(tion, r($e t"at P7P an PPI are $iab$e for t"e fi$in& fee! on t"e c$ai) for a)a&e!? - re!'on ent Co(rt a''$ie t"e r($e $ai own in Sun 4nsurance 0ffice and 5ilipinas Shell Petroleum Corp. w"ic" were, b1 t"en, a$rea 1 overt(rne b1 2anchester? Even &rantin& for t"e !aAe of ar&()ent t"at Sun 4nsurance and Pilipinas Shell )a1 a''$1 in t"i! ca!e, t"e Co(rt cate&orica$$1 !tate @ 4t is not simpl! the filing of the complaint or appropriate initiator! pleading# ut the pa!ment of the prescri ed doc'et fee# that vests a trial court $ith jurisdiction over the su ject.matter or nature of the action. 6here the filling of the initiator! pleading is not accompanied ! pa!ment of the doc'et fee# the court ma! allo$ the pa!ment of the fee $ithin a reasona le time ut in no case e!ond the applica le prescriptive or reglementar! period. - #"e 're!cri'tive 'erio t"erein )entione refer! to t"e 'erio wit"in w"ic" a !'ecific action )(!t be fi$e ? It )ean! t"at in ever1 ca!e, t"e ocAet fee )(!t be 'ai before t"e $a'!e of t"e 're!cri'tive 'erio ? - #"ere can be no /(e!tion t"at in t"e in!tant ca!e, P7PD! c$ai)! for a)a&e! ari!e o(t of an in2(r1 to it! ri&"t!? P(r!(ant to Artic$e 1148 of t"e Civi$ Co e, t"e action t"erefor )(!t be initiate wit"in 4 1ear! fro) t"e ti)e t"e ca(!e of action accr(e ? Since t"e a)a&e! aro!e o(t of t"e a$$e&e (nwarrante , i$$-)otivate , i$$e&a$, (nnece!!ar1 an (n2(!tifie con!ervator!"i', t"e ca(!e of action, if an1, fir!t accr(e in 1->4 an contin(e (nti$ 1->9, w"en t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint wa! fi$e ? #"ere i! no !"owin& t"at P7P 'ai t"e correct fi$in& fee for t"e c$ai) wit"in t"e 're!cribe 'erio ? :ence, not"in& can !ave t"e ca!e fro) bein& i!)i!!e ? DISPOSITION PREMISES CO;SI3ERE3, t"e 'etition! are <RA;#E3? #"e eci!ion an re!o$(tion of t"e CA are RE%ERSE3 an SE# ASI3E? Re!'on ent ,( &e i! or ere to i!)i!! Civi$ Ca!e? A$$ 'rocee in&! (n ertaAen an a$$ or er! i!!(e b1 re!'on ent ,( &e are "ereb1 SE# ASI3E for bein& n($$ an voi ?

ASCUE ' CA @ANTONIOA /R N!. :911B P%)i**%< M%( :, =>>=

NATURE Petition for review on certiorari FACTS - Private re!'on ent! Ra)on Antonio, Sa$va or Sa$en&a an I$i'ia +ernan eB 4$e!!ee!5 fi$e a co)'$aint wit" t"e Metro#C a$$e&in& t"at 'etitioner A!c(e 4$e!!or5 ref(!e to co$$ect t"eir renta$!? :ence, t"e1 !o(&"t con!i&nation of t"e 'a1)ent! wit" t"e Metro#C? - A!c(e fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at it i! t"e R#C not M#C w"ic" "a! 2(ri! iction over con!i&nation ca!e!, t"e !(b2ect )atter of $iti&ation bein& inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation? #"e Metro#C enie A!c(e0! )otion to i!)i!! an "e$ t"at t"e inferior co(rt "a 2(ri! iction !ince t"e con!i&ne a)o(nt wa! P5,825 4we$$ be$ow 20U5? - A!c(e $ater a''ea$e to t"e R#C b(t t"e !a)e i!)i!!e t"e a''ea$ for bein& 're)at(re? A!c(e bro(&"t t"e ca!e to t"e SC on irect a''ea$ b(t t"e ca!e wa! referre bacA to t"e CA? #"e CA t"en i!)i!!e t"e 'etition an r($e t"at t"e 2(ri! iction of a co(rt in con!i&nation ca!e! e'en ! on t"e a)o(nt con!i&ne , con!i&nation bein& )ere$1 a for) of 'a1)ent an t"e o''o!ite of a e)an b1 a cre itor for 'a1)ent? ISSUE =O; t"e CA erre in "o$ in& t"at con!i&nation ca!e! fa$$ wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e Metro#C an t"at t"e a)o(nt con!i&ne eter)ine! !ai 2(ri! iction HELD ;o? Ratio In va$i con!i&nation ca!e!, w"ere t"e t"in& !o(&"t to be e'o!ite i! a !() of )one1, t"e a)o(nt of ebt (e i! eter)inab$e, "ence, t"e !(b2ect )atter i! ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation? #"i!

14 a)o(nt !o(&"t to be con!i&ne t"en eter)ine! t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt? Reasoning 'etitioner i! of t"e be$ief t"at it i! t"e R#C, not t"e M#C, w"ic" "a! 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e, ina!)(c" a! t"e !(b2ect )atter of $iti&ation 4t"e a)o(nt to be con!i&ne 5 i! inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation? #"i! i! wron&? Con!i&nation i! t"e act of e'o!itin& t"e t"in& (e wit" t"e co(rt or 2( icia$ a(t"oritie! w"enever t"e cre itor cannot acce't or ref(!e! to acce't 'a1)ent an it &enera$$1 re/(ire! a 'rior ten er of 'a1)ent? #wo of t"e re/(i!ite! of it va$i con!i&nation are 415 t"at t"ere i! a ebt (e? an 425 t"e a)o(nt i! '$ace it t"e i!'o!a$ of t"e co(rt? #"(!, w"ere no ebt i! (e an owin&, con!i&nation i! not 'ro'er? In a va$i con!i&nation w"ere t"e t"in& !o(&"t to be e'o!ite i! a !() of )one1, t"e a)o(nt of t"e ebt (e i! eter)inab$e? C$ear$1, t"e !(b2ect )atter 4i?e?, t"e a)o(nt (e5 in con!i&nation ca!e! i! ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation? #"i! a)o(nt !o(&"t to be con!i&ne eter)ine! t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt? - In t"e ca!e at bar? t"e a)o(nt con!i&ne bein& P5,825?00, t"e re!'on ent )etro'o$itan tria$ co(rt correct$1 a!!()e 2(ri! iction over t"e !a)e in accor ance wit" Section ..415 of 7P 7$&? 12-? Disposition Petition 3E;IE3? CA eci!ion A++IRME3?

=B> P-i*. =9: PADILLA< APR 84, =>5B

NATURE A''ea$ fro) C+I Sa)ar FACTS -L(cina 7aito fi$e action for !(''ort a&ain!t "er "(!ban Anata$io Sar)iento? -C+I Sa)ar i!)i!!e "er co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at it "a! no 2(ri! iction, t"e a)o(nt e)an e a! !(''ort bein& on$1 P920 ISSUE =O; t"e C+I "a! 2(ri! iction over an action for !(''ort if t"e a)o(nt c$ai)e or e)an e a! !(''ort i! on$1 P920, or not )ore t"an P2,000 4now P5,0005 HELD Ratio. An action for !(''ort oe! not on$1 invo$ve t"e eter)ination of t"e a)o(nt to be &iven a! !(''ort, b(t a$!o t"e re$ation of t"e 'artie!, t"e ri&"t to !(''ort create b1 t"e re$ation, t"e nee ! of t"e c$ai)ant, t"e financia$ re!o(rce! of t"e 'er!on fro) w"o) !(''ort i! !o(&"t, a$$ of w"ic" are not ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation? Reasoning. An action for !(''ort fa$$! wit"in t"e ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction of Co(rt! of +ir!t In!tance (n er !ection 444a5 of Re'(b$ic Act ;o? 2-8, a! a)en e b1 Re'(b$ic Act ;o? 281.? Disposition #"e or er a''ea$e re)an e fro) i! !et a!i e an t"e ca!e i!

NE/RE ' CABAHU/ SHIPPIN/ =5 SCRA 544 DIZON< Ap"i* 8>, =>55
NATURE A''ea$ FACTS - On A(&(!t 14, 1-81, ;e&re 4a''e$$ant5 fi$e "i! co)'$aint a&ain!t Caba"(& S"i''in& N Co 4a''e$$ee5, a co))on carrier en&a&e in t"e b(!ine!! of tran!'ortin& 'er!on! an &oo ! for a 'rice wit"in P"i$i''ine water!, to recover t"e !() of P.,994?-0, re're!entin& t"e va$(e of a car&o of rie fi!" be$on&in& to "i) w"ic" wa! $oa e on t"e $atterD! ve!!e$, an w"ic" wa! tota$$1 e!tro1e on boar t"ereof, before it co($ be tran!'orte to it! '$ace of e!tination, (e to t"e &ro!! ne&$i&ence of t"e officer! an )e)ber! of t"e crew of !ai ve!!e$ - A! Caba"(&0! an!wer a )itte $iabi$it1 for t"e $o!! of !ai car&o, b(t on$1 (' to t"e a)o(nt of P.,9..,9>, a''e$$ant )ove for a 2( &)ent on t"e '$ea in&!? In re'$1in& t"ereto, "owever, a''e$$ee )ove to i!)i!! t"e ca!e on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e a)o(nt of t"e c$ai) i not fa$$ wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt? Re!o$vin& t"i! )otion, t"e co(rt i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint for $acA of 2(ri! iction, wit"o(t 're2( ice to t"e ri&"t of a''e$$ant to fi$e t"e !a)e wit" t"e corre!'on in& )(nici'a$ co(rt? - A''e$$ant )aintain! in t"i! a''ea$ t"at "i! action i! one in a )ira$t1 an )ariti)e 2(ri! iction, w"ic", '(r!(ant to t"e 'rovi!ion! of Section 44 of t"e ,( iciar1 Act, a! a)en e , fa$$! wit"in t"e e6c$(!ive ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt! of fir!t in!tance, irre!'ective of t"e a)o(nt or t"e va$(e of t"e &oo ! invo$ve ? ISSUE0S =O; t"e ca!e fa$$! wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of C+I 4R#C5 HELD YES Ratio. It "a! been "e$ t"at, to &ive a )ira$t1 2(ri! iction over a contract, t"e !a)e )(!t re$ate to t"e tra e an b(!ine!! of t"e !ea A )ira$t1 2(ri! iction, it "a! a$!o been "e$ , e6ten ! to a$$ )ariti)e tort!? Reasoning. #"e action wa! ba!e ('on an ora$ contract for t"e tran!'ortation of &oo ! b1 water? -Moreover, t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint c$ear$1 !"ow@ fir!t, t"at t"e contract entere into between t"e 'artie! "a a$rea 1 been 'artia$$1 'erfor)e wit" t"e $oa in& of t"e &oo ! !(b2ect-)atter t"ereof on boar a''e$$eeD! ve!!e$ an t"e acce'tance t"ereof b1 !ai a''e$$ee, an !econ , t"at t"e )ariti)e contract bin in& t"e 'artie! wa! breac"e b1 t"e carrier beca(!e t"ro(&" "i! fa($t an t"at of "i! a&ent! an re're!entative! t"e car&o beca)e a tota$ $o!!? Disposition Rever!e ?

D. METROPOLITAN, MUNICIPAL, MUNICIPAL CIRCUIT TRIAL COURTS ECc*,#i'e !"i+in%* .,"i#)ic i!n in ci'i* %n) e# % e #e *eDen p"!cee)in+#0!'e" p"!'i#i!n%* "eDe)ie# ECc*,#i'e !"i+in%* .,"i#)ic i!n in &!"ci6*e en "( %n) ,n*%K&,* )e %ine" c%#e# LIM V CA @PIZARROA BB SCRA BB /ANCAYCO< M%"c- =:, =>>=
NATURE Petition to review t"e eci!ion an re!o$(tion of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! FACTS - Li) Uie" #on&, Inc? own! a b(i$ in& in Mani$a? One of t"e roo)! in t"e b(i$ in& 4Roo) .015 i! occ('ie b1 Re&ina$ o Li), an M#C 2( &e? - #"e ori&ina$ occ('ant of Roo) 10. wa! Li) En& Piao, t"e fat"er of Re&ina$ o? ="en Li) En& Piao ie , t"e occ('anc1 wa! contin(e b1 Re&ina$ o? Event(a$$1, Re&ina$ o wa! ab$e to ac/(ire a "o(!e an $ot in H(eBon Cit1 b(t "e !ti$$ (!e t"e roo) w"ere "e Ae't "i! booA!, oc()ent!, a''$iance! an ot"er i)'ortant be$on&in&!? - Se'te)ber 1->9 M LU#, Inc? c"an&e t"e $ocA of t"e )ain oor of t"e b(i$ in& w"ic" wa! co))on$1 (!e b1 a$$ t"e occ('ant! of t"e b(i$ in&? - Se'te)ber .0, 1->9 M Re&ina$ o wa! (nab$e to enter t"e b(i$ in& beca(!e "e i not "ave a Ae1 to t"e new $ocA? :e wa! (nab$e to &et "i! $aw booA! for a ca!e "e wa! worAin& on !o "e "a to '(rc"a!e new one! w"ic" co!t "i) P1,2.5?00? - October 1, 1->9 - :e re/(e!te for a new Ae1 fro) t"e OIC of t"e b(i in& b(t "i! re/(e!t wa! not co)'$ie wit"? - October 2, 1->9 M Re&ina$ o in!tit(te a civi$ ca!e a&ain!t Rafae$ Li) an Li) Uie" #on&, Inc? before t"e Metro'o$itan #ria$ Co(rt? #"e co)'$aint wa! eno)inate a! an action for a)a&e! wit" in2(nction b(t wa! !(b!e/(ent$1 i!)i!!e for $acA of 2(ri! iction? - October 2., 1->9 M Anot"er co)'$aint wa! in!tit(te in t"e M#C w"ic" "a t"e !a)e a$$e&ation!? Re&ina$ o a$$e&e! t"at "e "a! a c$ear an (n)i!taAab$e ri&"t to t"e (!e of !ai roo), entit$in& "i) to t"e writ of 're$i)inar1 )an ator1 in2(nction to co))an 'etitioner to 'rovi e "i) t"e a''ro'riate Ae1 to t"e $ocA of t"e )ain b(i$ in&; an to 'a1 a)a&e! in t"e a)o(nt of P1,25.?00, P5,000?00 attorne1D! fee! an co!t! of t"e !(it?

BAITO V SARMIENTO

15 - ;ove)ber 2, 1->9 - A te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er wa! i!!(e b1 re!'on ent 2( &e 'en in& tria$ on t"e )erit!, co))an in& LU#, Inc? to e$iver t"e a''ro'riate Ae1! to Re&ina$ o an to a$$ow "i) to enter t"e 're)i!e! an Roo) .01 of t"e b(i$ in&? - ;ove)ber ., 1->9 M LU#, Inc? in!tit(te t"e in!tant 'etition? - #"e E6ec(tive ,( &e i!!(e a te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er, en2oinin& t"e enforce)ent of t"e te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er ear$ier i!!(e b1 re!'on ent 2( &e an fro) f(rt"er taAin& co&niBance of !ai civi$ ca!e? Wi - "e+%") ! -e i##,e !& p!##e##i!n? +orce wa! (!e b1 LU#, Inc? in e'rivin& Re&ina$ o of '"1!ica$ 'o!!e!!ion of t"e roo) w"en t"e )ain oor0! $ocA wa! c"an&e wit"o(t t"e Anow$e &e an con!ent of Re&ina$ o? - #"e i!!(e invo$ve i! )ere '"1!ica$ 'o!!e!!ion 4'o!!e!!ion e facto5 an not 2(ri ica$ 'o!!e!!ion 4'o!!e!!ion e 2(re5 nor owner!"i'? - #"e '(r'o!e of forcib$e entr1 i! t"at re&ar $e!! of t"e act(a$ con ition of t"e tit$e to 'ro'ert1, t"e 'art1 in 'eaceab$e an /(iet 'o!!e!!ion !"a$$ not be t(rne o(t b1 !tron& "an , vio$ence or terror? - Con!i erin& t"at re!'on ent 2( &e fo(n t"e a''$icabi$it1 of t"e R($e in S())ar1 Proce (re, t"e )otion to i!)i!! wa! correct$1 enie , a )otion to i!)i!! bein& one of t"e 'ro"ibite '$ea in&! an )otion! (n er Section 15 of t"e 1->. R($e! on S())ar1 Proce (re? Wi - "e+%") ! -e i##,e !& .,"i#)ic i!n? - LU#, Inc? ar&(e t"at w"en t"e a)o(nt of a)a&e! c$ai)e i! not !'ecifica$$1 a$$e&e in t"e co)'$aint, 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e wo($ fa$$ (n er t"e R#C a! t"e fai$(re to !o a$$e&e wo($ c"aracteriBe t"e !(b2ect )atter a! one w"ic" i! inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation? - In Singson vs. Aragon, t"e SC "e$ t"at e6e)'$ar1 a)a&e! )(!t be !'ecifie an if not, t"e )(nici'a$ tria$ co(rt co($ !ti$$ &rant it, if to&et"er wit" t"e ot"er )one1 c$ai)!, t"e a)o(nt of t"e tota$ c$ai) oe! not e6cee P10,000?00 4now P20,0005? ISSUE =O; t"e action for !'ecific 'erfor)ance in t"i! ca!e fa$$! (n er t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e R#C HELD ;O Ratio In 7ichanco vs. -aurilla# it wa! "e$ t"at w"at confer! 2(ri! iction on t"e inferior co(rt in forcib$e entr1 an i$$e&a$ etainer ca!e! i! not t"e a)o(nt of (n'ai renta$! or a)a&e! invo$ve , b(t rat"er t"e nat(re of t"e action beca(!e t"e rent! or a)a&e! are on$1 inci enta$ to t"e )ain action? Reasoning - #"e !(it i! one for forcib$e entr1 an etainer (n er R($e 90 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt? It wa! t"ro(&" !tea$t" t"at LU#, Inc? 'revente Re&ina$ o fro) (!in& t"e roo)? - An1 'er!on e'rive of 'o!!e!!ion of an1 $an or b(i$ in& or 'art t"ereof, )a1 fi$e an action for forcib$e entr1 an etainer in t"e 'ro'er inferior co(rt a&ain!t t"e 'er!on (n$awf($$1 e'rivin& or wit""o$ in& 'o!!e!!ion fro) "i)? - #"i! re$ief i! avai$ab$e to a $an $or , ven or an ven ee an a$!o to a tenant or $e!!ee or an1 ot"er 'er!on a&ain!t w"o) t"e 'o!!e!!ion of an1 $an or b(i$ in&, or a 'art of it, i! (n$awf($$1 wit""e$ , or i! ot"erwi!e (n$awf($$1 e'rive 'o!!e!!ion wit"in 1 1ear after !(c" (n$awf($ e'rivation or wit""o$ in& 'o!!e!!ion? Disposition Petition i! enie ? ;o co!t!? - #"e co)'$aint a$$e&e t"at 'etitioner! are co-owner! of t"at 'arce$ of $an in Li$oan, Ceb(? #"e $an wa! 'revio(!$1 owne b1 t"e !'o(!e! Ca!i)ero #a(t"o an Ce!aria #a(t"o? - I'on t"e eat" of !ai !'o(!e!, t"e 'ro'ert1 wa! in"erite b1 t"eir $e&a$ "eir!, "erein 'etitioner! an 'rivate re!'on ent!? Since t"en, t"e $ot "a re)aine (n ivi e (nti$ 'etitioner! i!covere a '(b$ic oc()ent eno)inate *3ECLARA#IO; O+ :EIRS A;3 3EE3 O+ CO;+IRMA#IO; O+ A PRE%IOIS ORAL A<REEME;# O+ PAR#I#IO;* - 71 virt(e of t"i! ee , re!'on ent! ivi e t"e 'ro'ert1 a)on& t"e)!e$ve! to t"e e6c$(!ion of 'etitioner!? - #"e co)'$aint 'ra1e t"at t"e oc()ent be ec$are n($$ an voi an an or er be i!!(e to 'artition t"e $an a)on& a$$ t"e "eir!? - Re!'on ent! fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n of $acA of 2(ri! iction over t"e nat(re of t"e ca!e a! t"e action i! one for re-'artition an !ince t"e a!!e!!e va$(e of t"e 'ro'ert1 a! !tate in t"e co)'$aint i! P5,000?00, t"en, t"e ca!e fa$$! wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e MC#C of Li$oan, Co)'o!te$a, Ceb( - Petitioner! fi$e an O''o!ition to t"e Motion to 3i!)i!! !a1in& t"at t"e co)'$aint i! for t"e ann($)ent of a oc()ent eno)inate a! *3ECLARA#IO; O+ :EIRS A;3 3EE3 O+ CO;+IRMA#IO; O+ PRE%IOIS ORAL PAR#I#IO;,* w"ic" i! c$ear$1 one inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation, t"(!, co&niBab$e b1 t"e R#C - #"e re!'on ent 2( &e i!!(e an Or er &rantin& t"e Motion to 3i!)i!!? - A Motion for Recon!i eration of !ai or er wa! fi$e b1 'etitioner! - Re!'on ent! i not o''o!e t"e )otion for recon!i eration? - Re!'on ent 2( &e i!!(e anot"er Or er en1in& t"e )otion for recon!i eration? - :ence, t"i! 'etition ISSUE =O; t"e R#C "a! 2(ri! iction to entertain t"e civi$ ca!e? HELD CES? Ratio Singsong vs. 4sa ela Sa$mill@ In eter)inin& w"et"er an action i! one t"e !(b2ect )atter of w"ic" i! not ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation t"i! Co(rt "a! a o'te t"e criterion of fir!t a!certainin& t"e nat(re of t"e 'rinci'a$ action or re)e 1 !o(&"t? If it i! 'ri)ari$1 for t"e recover1 of a !() of )one1, t"e c$ai) i! con!i ere ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation, an w"et"er 2(ri! iction i! in t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt! or in t"e co(rt! of fir!t in!tance wo($ e'en on t"e a)o(nt of t"e c$ai)? :owever, w"ere t"e ba!ic i!!(e i! !o)et"in& ot"er t"an t"e ri&"t to recover a !() of )one1, w"ere t"e )one1 c$ai) i! '(re$1 inci enta$ to, or a con!e/(ence of, t"e 'rinci'a$ re$ief !o(&"t, t"i! Co(rt "a! con!i ere !(c" action! a! ca!e! w"ere t"e !(b2ect of t"e $iti&ation )a1 not be e!ti)ate in ter)! of )one1, an are co&niBab$e e6c$(!ive$1 b1 co(rt! of fir!t in!tance E6a)'$e! of action! inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation are t"o!e for !'ecific 'erfor)ance, !(''ort, or forec$o!(re of )ort&a&e or ann($)ent of 2( &)ent; a$!o action! /(e!tionin& t"e va$i it1 of a )ort&a&e, ann($$in& a ee of !a$e or conve1ance an to recover t"e 'rice 'ai an for re!ci!!ion, w"ic" i! a co(nter'art of !'ecific 'erfor)ance? ="i$e action! (n er Sec? ..4.5 of 7?P? 12- are a$!o inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation, t"e $aw !'ecifica$$1 )an ate! t"at t"e1 are co&niBab$e b1 t"e M#C, ME#C, or MC#C w"ere t"e a!!e!!e va$(e of t"e rea$ 'ro'ert1 invo$ve oe! e6cee P20,000?00 in Metro Mani$a, or P50,000?00, if $ocate e$!ew"ere? If t"e va$(e e6cee ! P20,000?00 or P50,000?00 a! t"e ca!e )a1 be, it i! t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt! w"ic" "ave 2(ri! iction (n er Sec? 1-425? Reasoning #"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e co)'$aint in t"i! ca!e i! ann($)ent of a oc()ent eno)inate a! *3ECLARA#IO; O+ :EIRS A;3 3EE3 O+ CO;+IRMA#IO; O+ PRE%IOIS ORAL PAR#I#IO;?* #"e )ain '(r'o!e of 'etitioner! in fi$in& t"e co)'$aint i! to ec$are n($$ an voi t"e oc()ent in w"ic" 'rivate re!'on ent! ec$are t"e)!e$ve! a! t"e on$1 "eir! of t"e $ate !'o(!e! Ca!i)ero #a(t"o an Ce!aria #a(t"o an ivi e "i! 'ro'ert1 a)on& t"e)!e$ve! to t"e e6c$(!ion of 'etitioner! w"o a$!o c$ai) to be $e&a$ "eir! an entit$e to t"e 'ro'ert1? ="i$e t"e co)'$aint a$!o 'ra1! for t"e 'artition of t"e 'ro'ert1, t"i! i! 2(!t inci enta$ to t"e )ain action, w"ic" i! t"e ec$aration of n($$it1 of t"e oc()ent above- e!cribe ? It i! a6io)atic t"at 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter of a ca!e i! conferre b1 $aw an i! eter)ine b1 t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint an t"e c"aracter of t"e re$ief !o(&"t, irre!'ective of w"et"er t"e '$aintiff i! entit$e to a$$ or !o)e of t"e c$ai)! a!!erte t"erein?

ECc*,#i'e !"i+in%* .,"i#)ic i!n in ci'i* %c i!n# in'!*'in+ i *e ! !" p!##e##i!n !& "e%* p"!pe" ( RUSSELL V VESTIL .04 SCRA 9.> UAPI;A;; Marc" 19, 1--NATURE Petition for Certiorari FACTS - Petitioner! fi$e a co)'$aint a&ain!t re!'on ent!, eno)inate *3ECLARA#IO; O+ ;ILLI#C A;3 PAR#I#IO;,* wit" t"e R#C of Man a(e Cit1

18 Di#p!#i i!n #"e 'etition wa! <RA;#E3? a 'artic($ar ca!e, b(t to t"e c$a!! of ca!e!, t"e '(r'orte !(b2ect of $iti&ation, t"e nat(re of t"e action an of t"e re$ief !o(&"t? -+he 82unicipal +rial9 Court has no jurisdiction of a suit for specific performance of a contract# although the damages alleged for its reach# if permitted# are $ithin the amount of $hich that court has jurisdiction. -Cr(B v!? #an 4>9 P"i$? 8295 i! ina''$icab$e? In !ai ca!e, t"e '$aintiff "a )a e an a$ternative 'ra1er@ !'ecific 'erfor)ance or 'a1)ent of t"e !() of P844?.1? #"e a$ternative 'ra1er )eant t"at t"e 'a1)ent of t"e $atter !() wa! a 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation of t"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance !o(&"t, !ince it wo($ e/(a$$1 !ati!f1 t"e c$ai)! of t"e '$aintiff!? In t"e 're!ent ca!e, t"e 'a1)ent in )one1 i! not an a$ternative e/(iva$ent, b(t a con!e/(ence or re!($t of t"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance, an "ence can not con!tit(te a 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation t"ereof? Disposition C+I or er affir)e ?

E. SPECIAL RULES MANUFACTURERJS DISTRIBUTORS, INC., V YU SIU LION/ == SCRA 5:B REYES, JBL< Ap"i* 8> =>55
NATURE A''ea$ on 'oint! of $aw fro) an or er of t"e C+I Mani$a !(!tainin& an affir)in& an or er of t"e M#C Mani$a i!)i!!in& t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint for want of 2(ri! iction? FACTS -Man(fact(rerD! 3i!trib(tor!, Inc? "a fi$e action in M#C Mani$a, 7ranc" III, !eeAin& to co)'e$ C( Si( Lion& to acce't e$iver1 of 94,500 'iece! of '$a!tifi$) ba&!, ba$ance of 100,000 'iece! or ere b1 !ai C( Sio Lion& an !(''$ie b1 t"e Man(fact(rer0! 3i!trib(tor!; to 'a1 P.,.98?00, t"e va$(e of t"e 100,000 'iece! of '$a!tifi$) ba&! or ere b1 "i), '$(! 12J intere!t 'er ann() t"ereon (nti$ f($$1 'ai ; an to 'a1 t"e a)o(nt of P>44?00, for an a! !ti'($ate attorne1D! fee!? Man((fact(rer0! 3i!trib(tor! a$!o 'ra1e for !(c" ot"er re$ief! a! )a1 be ee)e 2(!t an e/(itab$e in t"e 're)i!e!? -C( Sio Lion& fi$e M#3 on t"e &ro(n t"at, t"e !(b2ect of t"e $iti&ation bein& !'ecific 'erfor)ance, t"e !a)e $a1 wit"in t"e e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction of t"e C+I? M#C ('"e$ C( Sio Lion& an i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint? -C+I affir)e t"e or er of i!)i!!a$ wit" co!t!, !a1in&@ FMan(fact(rer0! 3i!trib(tor!D! action before t"e M#C wa! one for !'ecific 'erfor)anceX ="et"er ref(!a$ to acce't e$iver1 of !ai '$a!tifi$)! wa! 2(!tifie or not i! not ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation an wa!, t"erefore, not co&niBab$e b1 t"e M(nici'a$ Co(rt?* -.anufacturer/s Distri&utors conten t"at t"e !(b2ect of t"e $iti&ation were t"e 100,000 '$a!tifi$) ba&!, contracte for b1 C( Sio Lion& at a tota$ 'rice of P.,.98?00, an , t"erefore, it wa! !(!ce'tib$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation? ISSUE =O; t"e i!!(e i! inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation, an i! t"erefore not wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of M#C HELD CES? -#"ere i! no controver!1, a! to t"e contract(a$ 'rice for t"e '$a!tifi$) ba&!; t"e i!'(te i! w"et"er or not C( Sio Lion& wa! 2(!tifie in it! ref(!a$ to acce't t"e e$iver1 of t"e ba&!? #"i! )atter '$ain$1 i! not ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation, an , t"erefore, i! not wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e M#C? -S'eaAin& of t"e ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction of t"e ,(!tice of t"e Peace an M(nici'a$ Co(rt!, t"e ,( iciar1 Act, a! a)en e , in it! !ec>>, after conferrin& ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction in ,(!tice of t"e Peace an M(nici'a$ Co(rt! over ca!e! w"ere t"e va$(e of t"e !(b2ect )atter or a)o(nt of t"e e)an oe! not e6cee P5,000?00, 'rovi e! nevert"e$e!! in it! 'ar2 t"at *#"e 2(ri! iction of a 2(!tice of t"e 'eace an 2( &e of a )(nici'a$ co(rt !"a$$ not e6ten to civi$ action! in w"ic" t"e !(b2ect of $iti&ation i! not ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation, e6ce't in forcib$e entr1 an etainer ca!e!; nor to t"o!e w"ic" invo$ve t"e $e&a$it1 of an1 ta6, i)'o!t or a!!e!!)ent; nor to action! invo$vin& a )ira$t1 or )ariti)e 2(ri! iction; nor to )atter! of 'robate, t"e a''oint)ent! of tr(!tee! or receiver; nor to action! for ann($)ent of )arria&e!; ? ? ?* ,(ri! iction over t"e c$a!!e! of ca!e! t"(! e6c$( e i! conferre on t"e C+I 4,( iciar1 Act, !ec445? -#"at Man(fact(rer0! 3i!trib(tor!D! co)'$aint a$!o !o(&"t t"e 'a1)ent b1 C( Sio Lion& of P.,.98?00 '$(! intere!t an attorne1D! fee!, oe! not &ive a 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation to t"e $iti&ation, for t"e 'a1)ent of !(c" a)o(nt! can on$1 be or ere a! a con!e/(ence of t"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance 'ri)ari$1 !o(&"t? In ot"er wor !, !(c" 'a1)ent wo($ be b(t an inci ent or con!e/(ence of C( Sio Lion&D! $iabi$it1 for !'ecific 'erfor)ance? If no !(c" $iabi$it1 i! 2( icia$$1 ec$are , t"e 'a1)ent cannot be awar e ? :ence, t"e a)o(nt! !o(&"t o not re're!ent t"e va$(e of t"e !(b2ect of $iti&ation? -S(b2ect )atter over w"ic" 2(ri! iction cannot be conferre b1 con!ent, "a! reference, not to t"e re! or 'ro'ert1 invo$ve in t"e $iti&ation nor to

CRUZ V TAN >9 SCRA 829 ,I<O; ;ove)ber 29, 1-50

NATURE Ori&ina$ action in t"e S('re)e Co(rt? Certiorari an in2(nction? 'ro"ibition wit"

FACTS - A(&(!t ., 1-4-@ re!'on ent #e$e!fora Ca)bao fi$e a co)'$aint a&ain!t t"e 'etitioner Man(e$ Cr(B, 'ra1in& t"at t"e $atter be or ere to fini!" t"e con!tr(ction of a "o(!e )entione in t"e co)'$aint, or to 'a1 "er t"e !() of P844?.1? - =it"in ten a1! fro) t"e recei't of t"e !())on!, t"e 'etitioner fi$e a )otion for a bi$$ of 'artic($ar!, w"ic" wa! enie b1 t"e co(rt? - Se'te)ber 1-, 1-4-@ 'etitioner fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! t"e ca!e on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e C+I "a! no 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect-)atter of t"e !(itGt"e e)an containe in t"e 'ra1er i! on$1 for P844?.1, w"ic" fa$$! (n er t"e ,(!tice of t"e Peace or t"e ,( &e of t"e M(nici'a$ Co(rt? #"e )otion to i!)i!! wa! enie b1 t"e co(rt, an tria$ for t"e )erit! wa! a$!o !et? - Or er !ettin& t"e ca!e for tria$ on October 10, 1-4- wa! receive b1 'etitioner0! co(n!e$ on October 12 4two a1! after5? Since t"e 'artie! i not a''ear at t"e tria$, t"e co(rt i!)i!!e t"e ca!e for $acA of intere!t of t"e 'artie! on October 10, 1-4-? - October 12, 1-4-@ re!'on ent Ca)bao fi$e a )otion 'ra1in& t"at t"e tria$ of t"e ca!e be !et for ;ove)ber 14, 1-4-? #"e )otion wa! "ear on October 15, 1-4-, b(t a! t"e 'etitioner0! co(n!e$ receive notice of t"e !ai )otion on Oct? 15, "e co($ not a''ear in t"e !ai "earin&? ISSUE 1? =O; C+I "a! 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e? HELD ;O Ratio #"e 2(ri! iction of t"e re!'ective co(rt! i! eter)ine b1 t"e va$(e of t"e e)an an not t"e va$(e of t"e tran!action o(t of w"ic" t"e e)an aro!e? Reasoning - #"e ca!e co)e! wit"in t"e e6c$(!ive ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction of t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt or 2(!tice of t"e 'eace co(rt? J,)ici%"( Ac !& =>9: SEC? 44? 0riginal jurisdiction.C+I !"a$$ "ave ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction@ 4c5 In a$$ ca!e! in w"ic" t"e e)an , e6c$(!ive of intere!t, or t"e va$(e of t"e 'ro'ert1 in controver!1, a)o(nt! to )ore t"an two t"o(!an 'e!o!? SEC? >8? *urisdiction of justices of the peace and judges of municipal courts of chartered cities. 4b5 Ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction in civi$ action! ari!in& in t"eir re!'ective )(nici'a$itie!, an not e6c$(!ive$1 co&niBab$e b1 t"e C+I? SEC? >>? 0riginal *urisdiction in civil cases. :%% e6c$(!ive ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction w"ere t"e va$(e of t"e !(b2ect)atter or a)o(nt of t"e e)an oe! not e6cee two t"o(!an 'e!o!, e6c$(!ive of intere!t an co!t!? - #"e a$ternative 'ra1er for !'ecific 'erfor)ance i! a$!o of t"e !a)e va$(e, for t"e a$ternative 'ra1er! wo($ not "ave been )a e in t"e co)'$aint if one wa! )ore va$(ab$e t"an t"e ot"er; t"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance a$ternative$1 'ra1e for i! ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation at P844?.1?

19 DISPOSITION ,( &e of C+I i! ec$are wit"o(t 2(ri! iction to tr1 t"e ca!e, an or ere to !to' f(rt"er 'rocee in&! b1 i!)i!!in& t"e ca!e? re!'on ent! <(i$$er)o e$o! Re1e! an Marce$ina Marce$o for t"e recover1 of t"e !() of P1520 '$(! intere!t an t"e !() e/(iva$ent to 25J of t"e tota$ a)o(nt (e a! attorne10! fee!, an in efa($t of 'a1)ent t"ereof, to or er t"e forec$o!(re of t"e c"atte$ )ort&a&e 4wort" P15,.405 e6ec(te b1 t"e !ai re!'on ent!? <re&orio E)'era o an Leonar a e $a Cr(B were )a e 'art1 efen ant! !ince t"e1 were co-)aAer! of t"e 'ro)i!!or1 note? - Private re!'on ent!, in t"eir an!wer c$ai)! t"at t"e $oane !(e ('on i! on$1 one of five $oan! !ec(re b1 t"e) fro) t"e 'etitioner w"erein t"e1 were c"ar&e (!(rio(! intere!t? #"e1 c$ai) t"at t"e ba$ance (e i! on$1 P1280? - +or fai$(re to '$ea , E)'era o wa! ec$are in efa($t w"i$e t"e ca!e a&ain!t e $a Cr(B wa! i!)i!!e wEo 're2( ice? - Re!'on ent! fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! for $acA of 2(ri! iction !ince t"e 'etitioner on$1 'ra1! for P1520? It t"erefore co)e! (n er t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction of t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt? A$!o, !ince t"e 'etitioner 'ra1! for forec$o!(re of c"atte$ in 7($acan, it !"o($ "ave been fi$e t"ere w"ere t"e ee of c"atte$ )ort&a&e i! $ocate ? #"e C+I i!)i!!e t"e ca!e? Motion for recon!i eration wa! $iAewi!e enie ? ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"e cit1 co(rt "a! 2(ri! iction HELD 1? CES? Ratio A$t"o(&" t"e '(r'o!e of t"e action i! to recover an a)o(nt '$(! intere!t w"ic" co)e! wit"in t"e ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction of t"e ,(!tice of t"e Peace Co(rt, 1et w"en !ai action invo$ve! forec$o!(re of c"atte$ )ort&a&e coverin& 'ro'ertie! va$(e at )ore t"an P10,000, t"e action !"o($ be in!tit(te before t"e C+I? Reasoning In t"e ca!e at bar, t"e a)o(nt !o(&"t to be recovere i! P1520 '$(! intere!t an co!t!, an c"atte$ )ort&a&e of 'ro'ertie! va$(e at P15.40? It i! t"erefore wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e C+I? Disposition Petition &rante

i!

LAPITAN V SCANDIA 89 SCRA 922 REYES, J.B.L., J,*( 1=, =>5:

FACTS - An re! La'itan "a! a''ea$e irect$1 to t"i! Co(rt a&ain!t an or er of t"e C+I of Ceb(, i!)i!!in&, for $acA of 2(ri! iction, "i! co)'$aint for re!ci!!ion an a)a&e! a&ain!t a''e$$ee! Scan ia, Inc?, of Mani$a an <enera$ En&ineerin& Co? of Ceb(? P$aintiff aver! t"at on A'ri$ 19, 1-8. "e '(rc"a!e fro) Scan ia, Inc?, one A7C 3ie!e$ En&ine; t"at "e bo(&"t t"e en&ine for r(nnin& a rice an corn )i$$; t"at efen ant! "a warrante an a!!(re "i) t"at a$$ !'are 'art! for !ai en&ine are Ae't in !tocA in t"eir !tore!, enab$in& "i) to avoi $o!! (e to $on& 'erio ! of waitin&, an t"at efen ant! wo($ re'$ace an1 'art of t"e en&ine t"at )i&"t breaA wit"in 12 )ont"! after e$iver1? - #"e ca) rocAer ar) of t"e en&ine broAe (e to fa($t1 )ateria$ an worA)an!"i' an it !to''e f(nctionin&; t"e !e$$er! were (nab$e to !en a re'$ace)ent (nti$ A(&(!t 2-, 1-8.; bare$1 !i6 a1! after re'$ace)ent t"e new 'art broAe a&ain (e to fa($t1 ca!tin& an 'oor )ateria$, !o La'itan notifie t"e !e$$er! an e)an e re!ci!!ion of t"e contract of !a$e; "e !o(&"t ret(rn of t"e 'rice an a)a&e! b(t efen ant! i not 'a1? - Scan ia, Inc?, )ove to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e tota$ a)o(nt c$ai)e wa! on$1 P>,9.5?00, an wa! wit"in t"e e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction of t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt, (n er RA .>2>, a)en in& t"e ,( iciar1 Act b1 increa!in& t"e 2(ri! iction of )(nici'a$ co(rt! to civi$ ca!e! invo$vin& P10,000?00 or $e!!? #"e C+I i!)i!!e t"e action for $acA of 2(ri! iction? La'itan a''ea$e irect$1 to t"i! Co(rt, ar&(in& 415 t"at re!ci!!ion wa! inca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation, an 425 t"at a! "e c$ai)e )ora$ an e6e)'$ar1 a)a&e!, be!i e! t"e 'rice of P.,9.5?00, P4,000?00 act(a$ a)a&e!, an P1,000?00 attorne1!D fee!, t"e va$(e of "i! e)an e6cee e t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt? ISSUE =O; C+I "a 2(ri! iction HELD YES. Ratio. In eter)inin& w"et"er an action i! one t"e !(b2ect )atter of w"ic" i! not ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation, t"i! Co(rt "a! a o'te t"e criterion of fir!t a!certainin& t"e nat(re of t"e 'rinci'a$ action or re)e 1 !o(&"t? If it i! 'ri)ari$1 for t"e recover1 of a !() of )one1, t"e c$ai) i! con!i ere ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation, an w"et"er 2(ri! iction i! in t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt! or in t"e C+I wo($ e'en on t"e a)o(nt of t"e c$ai)? :owever, w"ere t"e ba!ic i!!(e i! !o)et"in& ot"er t"an t"e ri&"t to recover a !() of )one1, or w"ere t"e )one1 c$ai) i! '(re$1 inci enta$ to, or a con!e/(ence of, t"e 'rinci'a$ re$ief !o(&"t, $iAe in !(it! to "ave t"e efen ant 'erfor) "i! 'art of t"e contract an in action! for !(''ort, or for ann($)ent of a 2( &)ent or to forec$o!e a )ort&a&e, t"i! Co(rt "a! con!i ere !(c" action! a! ca!e! w"ere t"e !(b2ect of t"e $iti&ation )a1 not be e!ti)ate in ter)! of )one1, an are co&niBab$e e6c$(!ive$1 b1 t"eC+I? Action! for !'ecific 'erfor)ance of contract! "ave been e6're!!$1 'rono(nce to be e6c$(!ive$1 co&niBab$e b1 t"e C+I? An no co&ent rea!on a''ear! w"1 an action for re!ci!!ion !"o($ be ifferent$1 treate ? =e, t"erefore, r($e t"at t"e !(b2ect )atter of action! for re!ci!!ion of contract! are not ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation?

THE /OOD DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION V TUTAAN 9. SCRA 1>CO;CEPCIO;; Se'te)ber .0, 1-98
NATURE Petition for certiorari FACTS - A co)'$aint wa! fi$e before t"e C+I of RiBa$ a&ain!t 'rivate

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=>>2 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE SCOPE AND CONSTRUCTION UNIFORM PROCEDURE ACTIONS NATURE Re%*0pe"#!n%*0DiCe) HERNANDEZ V. RURAL BANF OF LUCENA := SCRA 24 AEUINO, =B J%n. =>2:
FACTS -#"i! ca!e i! abo(t t"e 'ro'riet1 of a !e'arate action to co)'e$ a i!tre!!e r(ra$ banA, w"ic" i! (n er 2( icia$ $i/(i ation, to acce't a c"ecA in 'a1)ent of a )ort&a&e ebt? -S'o(!e! +ranci!co S? :ernan eB an ,o!efa I? AtienBa obtaine fro) t"e R(ra$ 7anA of L(cena, Inc? a $oan of P8,000 !ec(re b1 a )ort&a&e on t"eir two $ot! !it(ate in C(bao, H(eBon Cit1? #"ree )ont"! after t"at $oan wa! obtaine , t"e L(cena banA beca)e a i!tre!!e banA? -7efore t"e e6'iration of t"e one 1ear ter) of t"e $oan, or on A(&(!t 22, 1-81, :ernan eB went to t"e L(cena banA an offere to 'a1 t"e $oan b1 )ean! of a c"ecA for P8,000 w"ic" wa! rawn a&ain!t t"e banA b1 a e'o!itor, t"e San Pab$o Co$$e&e!, an w"ic" wa! 'a1ab$e to :ernan eB? A! t"e banAD! e6ec(tive vice-'re!i ent wa! not avai$ab$e, t"e 'a1)ent wa! not con!())ate ? At t"e ti)e t"at t"e c"ecA wa! i!!(e , t"e San Pab$o Co$$e&e! "a a e'o!it in t"e L(cena banA a)o(ntin& to P11,>-0?18? In!tea of wit" rawin& P8,000 fro) t"at e'o!it, t"e San Pab$o Co$$e&e! c"o!e to i!!(e a c"ecA for t"at a)o(nt to :ernan eB? :e !ent to t"e banA b1 re&i!tere )ai$ a '"oto!tat of t"e c"ecA an a $etter in/(irin& w"et"er t"e banA wo($ "onor t"e c"ecA an w"en "e co($ &o 'er!ona$$1 to t"e banA for t"at '(r'o!e? #"at $etter wa! receive b1 t"e banA? #"e e6ec(tive vice're!i ent wrote to :ernan eB an infor)e "i) t"at t"e c"ecA co($ not be "onore for t"e ti)e bein& beca(!e of a ver!e event! t"at "a i!r('te t"e banAD! o'eration!? ="at t"e vice-'re!i ent )eant wa! t"at b1 rea!on of t"e $etter of t"e Centra$ 7anA <overnor ate ,(ne 18, 1-81 t"e o'eration! of t"e L(cena banA were !(!'en e ? #"e vice-'re!i ent e6'$aine t"at beca(!e t"ere wa! a r(n on t"e banA it! a!!et! were e6"a(!te , an !o t"e c"ecA !ent b1 :ernan eB, w"ic" c"ecA wa! rawn a&ain!t t"e L(cena banA, co($ not be acce'te ? #"e vice-'re!i ent !ai t"at w"en :ernan eB 're!ente t"e c"ecA, t"e L(cena banA wa! no $on&er in a 'o!ition to "onor wit" rawa$! an t"at "a :ernan eB 'ai ca!", "i! 'a1)ent wo($ "ave been acce'te ? #o "onor t"e c"ecA wo($ "ave been tanta)o(nt to a$$owin& a e'o!itor 4San Pab$o Co$$e&e!5 to )aAe a wit" rawa$ b(t t"e L(cena banA co($ not entertain wit" rawa$! wit"o(t t"e con!ent of t"e Centra$ 7anA e6a)iner!? Pa1)ent b1 c"ecA wa! a i!b(r!e)ent? A''arent$1, t"e vice-'re!i ent i not taAe t"e tro(b$e of a!Ain& t"e Centra$ 7anA e6a)iner! w"et"er t"e 'a1)ent b1 c"ecA )a e b1 :ernan eB co($ be acce'te ? :ernan eB "i)!e$f w"o !"o($ "ave Anown t"at t"e banA wa! a i!tre!!e banA w"ic" "a !(!'en e o'eration! an w"ic" wa! (n er t"e !('ervi!ion of Centra$ 7anA e6a)iner!, i not bot"er to taAe (' "i! 'rob$e) wit" t"e !ai e6a)iner!? -:ernan eB a&ain a!Ae t"e banA w"en "e co($ e$iver t"e c"ecA? #"e e6ec(tive vice-'re!i ent to$ :ernan eB t"at t"e banA co($ not 1et "onor t"e c"ecA beca(!e it "a not re!()e it! banAin& o'eration!; t"at it wa! awaitin& t"e o(tco)e of a ca!e fi$e b1 t"e banA a&ain!t t"e Centra$ 7anA; t"at it )i&"t reo'en in ,an(ar1, 1-82, an t"at, an1wa1, t"e $oan wo($ not be (e (nti$ Marc" 21, 1-82? :ernan eB !ent anot"er $etter an enc$o!e t"e ori&ina$ c"ecA 4 ($1 en or!e 5 wit" "i! $etter to t"e banA !ent b1 re&i!tere )ai$ an !'ecia$ e$iver1? Letter wa! ret(rne to :ernan eB beca(!e t"e banAD! )ana&er wa! a$$e&e $1 in Mani$a? In eterre , :ernan eB a&ain )ai$e t"e c"ecA to t"e banA wit" t"e re/(e!t t"at "i! )ort&a&e be cance$$e ? -Monetar1 7oar "a eci e to $i/(i ate t"e L(cena banA? #o i)'$e)ent t"e re!o$(tion of t"e Monetar1 7oar for t"e Li/(i ation of t"e L(cena banA, t"e Centra$ 7anA, '(r!(ant to !ection 2- of it! c"arter an on t"e a!!()'tion t"at t"e L(cena banA wa! in!o$vent, fi$e wit" t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of Mani$a a 'etition ate Marc" 29, 1-82 for a!!i!tance an !('ervi!ion in t"e $i/(i ation of t"e L(cena banA? Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of Mani$a i!!(e an or er irectin& t"e

L(cena banA to t(rn over it! a!!et! to t"e Centra$ 7anAD! a(t"oriBe re're!entative? -A)on& t"e acco(nt! receivab$e of t"e L(cena banA inventorie b1 t"e Centra$ 7anAD! re're!entative wa! t"e acco(nt of :ernan eB? In a $etter ate October 2-, 1-8. :ernan eB infor)e t"e Centra$ 7anA t"at "e "a !ent to t"e L(cena banA on A'ri$ 25, 1-82 t"e c"ecA for P8,000? :e a&ain re/(e!te t"at "i! )ort&a&e be cance$$e ? #"e A!!ociate S('erinten ent of 7anA! in "i! an!wer ret(rne t"e c"ecA to :ernan eB an infor)e "i) t"at, accor in& to t"e L(cena banAD! e6ec(tive vice-'re!i ent, t"e c"ecA co($ not be a''$ie to t"e 'a1)ent of :ernan eBD $oan beca(!e t"e banA wa! a$rea 1 c$o!e w"en "e receive t"e c"ecA? Moreover, t"e c"ecA wa! rawn a&ain!t t"e c(rrent e'o!it! of t"e San Pab$o Co$$e&e! in t"e L(cena banA w"ic" wa! in t"e 'roce!! of $i/(i ation? :ernan eB wa! a vi!e to !ett$e "i! acco(nt b1 'a1in& ca!" or b1 )ean! of a c"ecA rawn a&ain!t a banA ot"er t"an t"e L(cena banA? -3i!re&ar in& t"at !(&&e!tion, :ernan eB anno(nce to t"e A!!ociate S('erinten ent of 7anA! in "i! $etter t"at "e wa! &oin& to e'o!it t"e !ai c"ecA in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of Li'a Cit1 on or before 3ece)ber 28, 1-8.? -In!tea of fi$in& a con!i&nation co)'$aint? :ernan eB enc$o!e t"e c"ecA wit" "i! $etter to t"e c$erA of co(rt of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance at Li'a Cit1? :ernan eB wrote a $etter ate ,an(ar1 11, 1-84 infor)in& t"e A!!ociate S('erinten ent of 7anA! of t"e 2( icia$ e'o!it of t"e c"ecA? Co'ie! of t"at $etter were f(rni!"e t"e L(cena banA an t"e San Pab$o Co$$e&e!? - :ernan eB an "i! wife fi$e an action in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance at Li'a Cit1 to co)'e$ t"e R(ra$ 7anA of L(cena, Inc?, t"e Centra$ 7anA a! $i/(i ator, an ,o!e S? MartineB a! receiver, to acce't t"e c"ecA an to e6ec(te t"e cance$$ation of t"e rea$ e!tate )ort&a&e? #"e :ernan eB !'o(!e! a$!o a!Ae for )ora$ a)a&e! in t"e a)o(nt of P10,000 an attorne1D! fee! of P.,000? - Centra$ 7anA fi$e a )otion to i!)i!!? It conten e t"at t"ere wa! i)'ro'er ven(e beca(!e, a! t"e action a$$e&e $1 invo$ve tit$e to rea$ 'ro'ert1, it !"o($ "ave been in!tit(te in H(eBon Cit1 w"ere t"e enc()bere $ot! are !it(ate ? It f(rt"er conten e t"at !ince t"e L(cena banA i! (n er $i/(i ation an i! in t"e "an ! of a receiver, it! 'ro'ertie! an a!!et! are in c(!to ia $e&i! an )a1, t"erefore, be reac"e on$1 b1 )otion or 'etition in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5001- of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of Mani$a? #"e )otion wa! enie ? -Co(n!e$ for t"e L(cena banA on ,an(ar1 .0, 1-89 offere to co)'ro)i!e t"e ca!e b1 !ti'($atin& t"at t"e Centra$ 7anA wo($ a''$1 t"e c"ecA in /(e!tion to t"e )ort&a&e ebt of :ernan eB if t"e ba$ance of t"e e'o!it of t"e San Pab$o Co$$e&e! wo($ be eno(&" to cover t"e a)o(nt of t"e c"ecA of P8,000 an t"at, b1 virt(e of t"at co)'ro)i!e, t"e co)'$aint an co(nterc$ai) wo($ be i!)i!!e ?#"at con itiona$ an e/(ivoca$ co)'ro)i!e offer fiBB$e o(t beca(!e t"e $aw1er! of :ernan eB an t"e Centra$ 7anA i not a!!ent to it? -Lower co(rt or ere t"e L(cena banA or t"e Centra$ 7anA, a! $i/(i ator, to acce't an "onor t"e c"ecA, to cance$ t"e )ort&a&e, an to 'a1 t"e :ernan eB !'o(!e P25,000 a! )ora$ a)a&e! 4not P10,000 a! 'ra1e for in t"e co)'$aint5 '$(! P1,000 a! attorne1D! fee!? -#"e L(cena banA, t"e Centra$ 7anA an it! e)'$o1ee, t"e receiver, a''ea$e to t"e SC? ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"e action of t"e :ernan eB !'o(!e! to co)'e$ t"e) to "onor t"e c"ecA in /(e!tion an to cance$ t"e )ort&a&e on t"eir two $ot! i! a rea$ action affectin& tit$e to rea$ 'ro'ert1 w"ic" !"o($ "ave been fi$e in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of RiBa$ at H(eBon Cit1 w"ere t"e )ort&a&e $ot! are !it(ate ? 2? =O; L(cena banA "a not $o!t it! 2(ri ica$ 'er!ona$it1 after it wa! '$ace (n er $i/(i ation t"(! )aAin& it not fa$$ (n er t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e $i/(i ation co(rt HELD 1? ;o it i! a 'er!ona$ action? Section 24a5, R($e 4 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt 'rovi e! t"at *action! affectin& tit$e to, or for recover1 of 'o!!e!!ion, or for 'artition or con e)nation of, or forec$o!(re of )ort&a&e on, rea$ 'ro'ert1, !"a$$ be co))ence an trie in t"e 'rovince w"ere t"e 'ro'ert1 or an1 'art t"ereof $ie!* ;ote t"at t"e r($e )ention! an action for forec$o!(re of a rea$ e!tate )ort&a&e b(t oe! not )ention an action for t"e cance$$ation of a rea$ )ort&a&e? In t"e in!tant ca!e, t"e action i! 'ri)ari$1 to co)'e$ t"e

1)ort&a&ee to acce't 'a1)ent of t"e )ort&a&e ebt an to re$ea!e t"e )ort&a&e? T-% %c i!n, K-ic- i# n! eCp"e##*( inc*,)e) in -e en,De"% i!n &!,n) in #ec i!n 8@%A !& R,*e 9, )!e# n! in'!*'e -e i *e ! -e D!" +%+e *! #. I i# % pe"#!n%* %c i!n %n) n! % "e%* %c i!n. T-e D!" +%+ee -%# n! &!"ec*!#e) -e D!" +%+e. P*%in i&&#J i *e i# n! in H,e# i!n. T-e( %"e in p!##e##i!n !& -e D!" +%+e) *! #. :ence, t"e ven(e of '$aintiff!D 'er!ona$ action i! t"e '$ace w"ere t"e efen ant or an1 of t"e efen ant! re!i e! or )a1 be fo(n , or w"ere t"e '$aintiff or an1 of t"e '$aintiff! re!i e!, at t"e e$ection of t"e '$aintiff 4Sec? 2VbW, R($e 45? #"e '$aintiff! in t"eir brief confo(n a rea$ action wit" an action in re) an a 'er!ona$ action wit" an action in 'er!ona)? #"e1 ar&(e t"at t"eir action i! not an action in re) an , t"erefore, it co($ be bro(&"t in a '$ace ot"er t"an t"e '$ace w"ere t"e )ort&a&e $ot! are $ocate ? A "e%* %c i!n i# n! -e #%De %# %n %c i!n in "eD %n) % pe"#!n%* %c i!n i# n! -e #%De %# %n %c i!n in pe"#!n%D. In % pe"#!n%* %c i!n, -e p*%in i&& #ee7# -e "ec!'e"( !& pe"#!n%* p"!pe" (, -e en&!"ceDen !& % c!n "%c !" -e "ec!'e"( !& )%D%+e#. In % "e%* %c i!n, -e p*%in i&& #ee7# -e "ec!'e"( !& "e%* p"!pe" (, !", %# in)ic% e) in #ec i!n 8@%A !& R,*e 9, % "e%* %c i!n i# %n %c i!n %&&ec in+ i *e ! "e%* p"!pe" ( !" &!" -e "ec!'e"( !& p!##e##i!n, !" &!" p%" i i!n !" c!n)eDn% i!n !&, !" &!"ec*!#,"e !& % D!" +%+e !n, "e%* p"!pe" (. An %c i!n in pe"#!n%D i# %n %c i!n %+%in# % pe"#!n !n -e 6%#i# !& -i# pe"#!n%* *i%6i*i (, K-i*e %n %c i!n in "eD i# %n %c i!n %+%in# -e -in+ i #e*&, in# e%) !& %+%in# -e pe"#!n @= C. J. S. >91-9A, Hence, % "e%* %c i!n D%( % -e #%De iDe 6e %n %c i!n, in pe"#!n%D %n) n! nece##%"i*( %n %c i!n in "eD. In -i# c%#e, -e p*%in i&&# %**e+e) in -ei" c!Dp*%in -% -e( Ke"e "e#i)en # !& S%n J,%n, B% %n+%#, K-ic- in -ei" 6"ie& -e( c-%"%c e"i;e %# -ei" *e+%* "e#i)ence %n) K-ic- %ppe%"# ! 6e -ei" )!Dici*e !& !"i+in. On t"e ot"er "an , it i! in icate in t"e 'ro)i!!or1 note an )ort&a&e !i&ne b1 t"e) an in t"e #orren! tit$e coverin& t"e )ort&a&e $ot! t"at t"eir re!i ence i! at 11 C"ica&o Street, C(bao, H(eBon Cit1, w"ic" a''arent$1 i! t"e '$ace w"ere t"e !ai $ot! are $ocate ? #"e '$aintiff! i not te!tif1 (rin& t"e tria$, So, t"e1 "ave no te!ti)on1 in t"e recor ! a! to t"eir act(a$ re!i ence? We -!*) -% -e "i%* c!," #-!,*) -%'e )i#Di##e) -e %c i!n 6ec%,#e -e 'en,e -e"e!& K%# iDp"!pe"*( *%i) in B% %n+%#. T-e e"D I"e#i)e#I in #ec i!n 8L6M !& R,*e 9 "e&e"# ! -e p*%ce !& %c ,%* "e#i)ence !" -e p*%ce !& %6!)e %n) n! nece##%"i*( ! -e *e+%* "e#i)ence !" )!Dici*e @D%n+K% T"%n#p!" % i!n C!., Inc. '#. S%"Dien !, L-882>4, J%n,%"( 1=, =>22, 24 SCRA =89, =8:A. @O& c!,"#e, -e %c ,%* "e#i)ence D%( %*#! in #!De c%#e# 6e -e *e+%* "e#i)ence !" )!Dici*e.A. San ,(an, 7atan&a! )i&"t be t"e '$ace w"ere t"e '$aintiff! "ave t"eir o)ici$e or $e&a$ re!i ence b(t t"ere i! no /(e!tion t"at 11 C"ica&o Street, C(bao, H(eBon Cit1 i! t"eir '$ace of abo e or t"e '$ace w"ere t"e1 act(a$$1 re!i e? So, t"e action in t"i! ca!e, w"ic" i! a 'er!ona$ action to co)'e$ t"e efen ant! to "onor t"e c"ecA in /(e!tion an to cance$ t"e )ort&a&e, !"o($ "ave been fi$e in H(eBon Cit1 if t"e '$aintiff! inten e to (!e t"eir re!i ence a! t"e ba!i! for t"eir c"oice of ven(e? #"e Centra$ 7anA 'oint! o(t t"at t"e re e)'tion action of t"e :ernan eB !'o(!e! wo($ ($ti)ate$1 affect t"e f(n ! an 'ro'ert1 of t"e L(cena 7anA? :ence, t"e $i/(i ation co(rt i! t"e co)'etent trib(na$ to 'a!! ('on t"e i!!(e a! to w"et"er t"e :ernan eB !'o(!e! co($ va$i $1 'a1 t"eir )ort&a&e ebt b1 )ean! of t"e c"ecA of t"e San Pab$o Co$$e&e!? 2? ;o? #"e $i/(i ation co(rt or t"e Mani$a co(rt "a! e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction to entertain t"e c$ai) of t"e :ernan eB !'o(!e!? At t"e ti)e t"e :ernan eB !'o(!e! fi$e in 1-84 t"eir con!i&nation co)'$aint t"e L(cena banA wa! a$rea 1 (n er $i/(i ation? #"e Mani$a co(rt in it! or er of Marc" 2>, 1-8. "a or ere t"e officer! of t"e L(cena banA to t(rn over to t"e Centra$ 7anA or to t"e receiver, t"e S('erinten ent of 7anA!, a$$ of it! a!!et!, 'ro'ertie! an 'a'er!? A)on& t"e a!!et! t(rne over to t"e receiver wa! t"e o(t!tan in& or (n'ai acco(nt of t"e :ernan eB !'o(!e! w"ic" a''ear! in t"e inventor1 a!@ *.-.? :ernan eB, +ranci!co S?, 11 C"ica&o St?, C(bao, H? C? An a)on& t"e 'a'er! or ob$i&ation! t(rne over to t"e receiver wa! Le &er ;o? 058 evi encin& t"e e'o!it of t"e San Pab$o Co$$e&e! in t"e L(cena banA in t"e !() of P11,>-0?18, a&ain!t w"ic" t"e c"ecA for P8,000 wa! rawn? It wa! t"at c"ecA w"ic" t"e :ernan eB !'o(!e! "a i!!(e to 'a1 t"eir )ort&a&e ebt to t"e L(cena banA? In er !ection 2- of t"e Centra$ 7anA Act, Re'(b$ic Act ;o? 285, w"en t"e Monetar1 7oar , ('on infor)ation !(b)itte b1 t"e S('erinten ent of 7anA!, fin ! a banA to be in!o$vent, it !"a$$ forbi t"e banA to o b(!ine!! an it !"a$$ taAe care of it! a!!et! accor in& to $aw? In t"at ca!e, if t"e Monetar1 7oar fin ! o(t t"at t"e in!o$vent banA cannot re!()e b(!ine!! wit" !afet1 to it! cre itor!, it !"a$$ t"ro(&" t"e So$icitor <enera$, fi$e a 'etition in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance, 'ra1in& for t"e a!!i!tance an !('er vi!ion of t"e co(rt in t"e $i/(i ation of t"e banAD! affair!? #"ereafter, t"e S('erinten ent of 7anA!, ('on or er of t"e Monetar1 7oar an (n er t"e !('ervi!ion of t"e co(rt, !"a$$ convert to )one1 t"e banAD! a!!et!? *Sabi o e! /(e (no e $o! ebere! 'ri)or ia$e! e (n e'o!itario e! "acer!e car&o in)e iata)ente e to o e$ activo 1 'a!ivo e (n banco* 4L(1 La) N Co? v!? Mercanti$e 7anA of C"ina, 91 P"i$? 59., 5985? T-e &%c -% -e in#!*'en 6%n7 i# &!"6i))en ! )! 6,#ine##, -% i # %##e # %"e ,"ne) !'e" ! -e S,pe"in en)en !& B%n7#, %# % "ecei'e", &!" c!n'e"#i!n in ! c%#-, %n) -% i # *iH,i)% i!n i# ,n)e" %7en Ki - .,)ici%* in e"'en i!n De%n# -% , %# &%" %# *%K&,* %n) p"%c ic%6*e, %** c*%iD# %+%in# -e in#!*'en 6%n7 #-!,*) 6e &i*e) in -e *iH,i)% i!n p"!cee)in+. #"e 2( icia$ $i/(i ation i! inten e to 'revent )($ti'$icit1 of action! a&ain!t t"e in!o$vent banA? #"e $aw)aAin& bo 1 conte)'$ate t"at for convenience on$1 one co(rt, if 'o!!ib$e !"o($ 'a!! ('on t"e c$ai)! a&ain!t t"e in!o$vent banA an t"at t"e $i/(i ation co(rt !"o($ a!!i!t t"e S('erinten ent of 7anA! an contro$ "i! o'eration!? In t"e co(r!e of t"e $i/(i ation, contentio(! ca!e! )i&"t ari!e w"erein a f($$- re!! "earin& wo($ be re/(ire an $e&a$ i!!(e! wo($ "ave to be re!o$ve ? :ence, it wo($ be nece!!ar1 in 2(!tice to a$$ concerne t"at a Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance !"o($ a!!i!t an !('ervi!e t"e $i/(i ation an !"o($ act a! ()'ire an arbitrator in t"e a$$owance an i!a$$owance of c$ai)!? T-e .,)ici%* *iH,i)% i!n i# % p"%+D% ic %""%n+eDen )e#i+ne) ! e# %6*i#- ),e p"!ce## %n) !")e"*ine## in -e *iH,i)% i!n !& -e 6%n7, ! !6'i% e -e p"!*i&e"% i!n !& *i i+% i!n# %n) ! %'!i) in.,# ice %n) %"6i "%"ine##. Dispositio-. =:ERE+ORE, t"e tria$ co(rt 2( &)ent i! rever!e an !et a!i e? #"e ca!e i! i!)i!!e wit"o(t 're2( ice to t"e ri&"t of t"e :ernan eB !'o(!e! to taAe (' wit" t"e $i/(i ation co(rt t"e !ett$e)ent of t"eir )ort&a&e ob$i&ation? Co!t! a&ain!t t"e '$aintiff! a''e$$ee!? SO OR3ERE3?

In pe"#!n%D0 in "eD0 H,%#i in "eD DE MID/ELY VS FERANDOS @SUPRAA

FACTS
:a$f-brot"er a''ointe a! a )ini!trator, ca(!e t"e e6traterritoria$ !ervice of !())on! to "a$f !ib$in&! $ivin& in S'ain to !ett$e t"e /(e!tion of owner!"i' over certain 'ro'ertie! an ri&"t! in !o)e )inin& c$ai)! a! H(e)a a be$ieve t"at t"o!e 'ro'ertie! be$on& to t"e e!tate of A$varo Pa!tor, Sr? 3e Mi &e$1 an Pa!tor bot" fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n of $acA of 2(ri! iction 7I# f(rt"er a$$e&e t"at earne!t effort! towar ! a co)'ro)i!e "ave not been )a e ON ACTIONS IN REM Even if t"e $ower co(rt i not ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over 3e Mi &e$1, "er )otion to i!)i!! wa! 'ro'er$1 enie beca(!e H(e)a a0! action a&ain!t "er )a1be re&ar e a! a H,%#i in "eD w"ere jurisdiction over the person of a non.resident defendant is not necessar! and $here the service of summons is re,uired onl! for the purpose of compl!ing $ith the re,uirement of due process. E,%#i in "eD is an action et$een parties $here the direct o ject is to reach and dispose of propert! o$ed ! the parties or of some interest therein. -in a /(a!i in re) action 2(ri! iction over a non re!i ent efen ant i! not e!!entia$? #"e !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication i! re/(ire )ere$1 to !ati!f1 t"e con!tit(tiona$ re/(ire)ent of (e 'roce!!? #"e 2( &)ent of t"e co(rt wo($ !ett$e t"e tit$e to t"e 'ro'ertie! an to t"at e6tent it 'artaAe! of t"e nat(re of 2( &)ent in re)? #"e 2( &)ent i! confine to t"e re! 4'ro'ertie!5 an no 'er!ona$ 2( &)ent co($ be ren ere a&ain!t t"e non re!i ent?

20 =O; re!'on ent 2( &e an t"e CA erre in a$$owin& 'rivate re!'on ent to 'a1 t"e ocAet fee on a !ta&&ere ba!i!?

COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION CB V. CA @#,p"%A

FACTS Con!o$i ate ca!e!? I!!(e wa! re&ar in& t"e 'a1)ent of t"e correct ocAet fee? RULIN/ ON COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION -It i! not !i)'$1 t"e fi$in& of t"e co)'$aint or a''ro'riate initiator1 '$ea in&, b(t t"e 'a1)ent of t"e 're!cribe ocAet fee, t"at ve!t! a tria$ co(rt wit" 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect-)atter or nat(re of t"e action? ="ere t"e fi$$in& of t"e initiator1 '$ea in& i! not acco)'anie b1 'a1)ent of t"e ocAet fee, t"e co(rt )a1 a$$ow t"e 'a1)ent of t"e fee wit"in a rea!onab$e ti)e b(t in no ca!e be1on t"e a''$icab$e 're!cri'tive or re&$e)entar1 'erio ? - #"e 're!cri'tive 'erio t"erein )entione refer! to t"e 'erio wit"in w"ic" a !'ecific action )(!t be fi$e ? It )ean! t"at in ever1 ca!e, t"e ocAet fee )(!t be 'ai before t"e $a'!e of t"e 're!cri'tive 'erio ?

/O V TON/ /.R. N!. =4=>98. PAN/ANIBAN< N!'eD6e" 82, 8BB1

NATURE Petition for review on Certiorari FACTS - Petitioner ,(ana <o '(rc"a!e a ca!"ier0! c"ecA of P500U fro) t"e +ar Ea!t 7anA an #r(!t Co)'an1 4+E7#C5, 'rivate re!'on ent #on&? On <o0! in!tr(ction, t"e ca!"ier0! c"ecA bore t"e wor ! Y+ina$ Pa1)entEH(itc$ai)0 after t"e na)e of 'a1ee #on& a$$e&e $1 to in!(re t"at #on& wo($ "onor "i! co))it)ent t"at "e wo($ no $on&er a!A for f(rt"er 'a1)ent! for "i! intere!t in t"e Yinfor)a$ b(!ine!! 'artner!"i'0 w"ic" "e an !"e "a ear$ier i!!o$ve ? #on& e'o!ite it wit" t"e wor ! Y+ina$ Pa1)entEH(itc$ai)0 a$rea 1 era!e , "ence, it wa! not "onore ? - #on&0! $aw1er re/(e!te t"at t"e c"ecA be re'$ace wit" anot"er 'a1ab$e to Y,o"n!on #on&-+ina$ Sett$e)entEH(itc$ai)0 wit" !a)e a)o(nt, t"e banA c"ar&e! to be 'ai b1 "i! c$ient-#on&, w"ic" wa! enie b1 +E7#C? So, #on& fi$e co)'$aint a&ain!t +E7#C an <o at R#C Mani$a? +E7#C an <o an!were t"at era!(re wa! intentiona$, w"ic" 2(!tifie t"e i!"onor an ref(!a$ to re'$ace c"ecA? - Ca!e 'en in&, <o0! !on, <eor&e, fi$e a cri)ina$ co)'$aint a&ain!t #on& fa$!ification of t"e c"ecA? #"e cri)ina$ co)'$aint wa! i!)i!!e ? - #on& fi$e YMotion for Leave to +i$e a S(''$e)enta$ Co)'$aint an to A )it t"e Attac"e S(''$e)enta$ Co)'$aint0 w"ic" S(''$e)enta$ Co)'$aint a$$e&e t"at S'!? <o0! Y(!e 0 t"eir !on to fi$e t"e cri)ina$ co)'$aint a&ain!t "i) w"ic" ca(!e a)a&e!, "ence, t"e 'ra1er for an increa!e in t"e a)o(nt of M3 an E3 !o(&"t to be recovere fro) P2?5M to P55M an 'ra1in& for t"e awar of A3 of P5>U? R#C &rante t"e )otion an a )itte t"e S(''$e)enta$ Co)'$aint? - <o fi$e a Manife!tation of 3e'o!it an e'o!ite to t"e R#C C$erA of Co(rt P500U re're!entin& t"e a)o(nt of t"e c"ecA, ;su ject to the condition that it shall remain deposited until the disposition of the case.< M+R! of +E7#C an <o were enie ? - One of t"e efen!e! of +E7#C an <o@ #on& cannot 'ro!ec(te "i! S(''$e)enta$ Co)'$aint, an t"e !a)e !"o($ be i!)i!!e , (n$e!! t"e corre!'on in& ocAet fee an $e&a$ fee! for t"e )onetar1 c$ai)! of P55M are 'ai for? - On +eb? 5, 1---, R#C, actin& on t"e verba$ )otion of #on&0! co(n!e$, a$$owe t"e re$ea!e of 'etitioner!0 P500U e'o!it to #on&? Later, R#C, in t"e intere!t of 2(!tice an beca(!e of t"e "(&e a)o(nt of o(t$a1 invo$ve 4t"e Co(rt con!i er! t"e b(!ine!! c$i)ate an t"e 'e!o cr(nc" 'revai$in&5, a$$owe #on& to fir!t e'o!it P25U on or before 3ec?15, 1--- an P20U ever1 )ont" t"ereafter (nti$ t"e f($$ a)o(nt of ocAet fee! i! 'ai , an Fon$1 t"en !"a$$ t"e e'o!it! be con!i ere a! 'a1)ent of ocAet fee!?L +E7#C an <o fi$e M+R b(t wa! enie ? :ence, t"i! ca!e? ISSUE

HELD ;O Ratio 3ocAet fee! !"o($ be 'ai ('on t"e fi$in& of t"e initiator1 '$ea in&!? :owever, for co&ent rea!on! to be eter)ine b1 t"e tria$ 2( &e, !ta&&ere 'a1)ent t"ereof wit"in a rea!onab$e 'erio )a1 be a$$owe ? In$e!! &rave ab(!e of i!cretion i! e)on!trate , t"e i!cretion of t"e tria$ 2( &e in &rantin& !ta&&ere 'a1)ent !"a$$ not be i!t(rbe ? Reasoning An action co))ence! fro) t"e fi$in& of t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint an t"e 'a1)ent of t"e 're!cribe ocAet fee!? :owever, w"ere t"e fi$in& of t"e initiator1 '$ea in& i! not acco)'anie b1 'a1)ent of t"e ocAet fee, t"e co(rt )a1 a$$ow 'a1)ent of t"e fee wit"in a rea!onab$e ti)e b(t in no ca!e be1on t"e a''$icab$e 're!cri'tive or re&$e)entar1 'erio ? =Sun 4nsurance 0ffice -td. 7 Asuncion> In ot"er wor !, w"i$e t"e 'a1)ent of t"e 're!cribe ocAet fee i! a 2(ri! ictiona$ re/(ire)ent, even it! non'a1)ent at t"e ti)e of fi$in& oe! not a(to)atica$$1 ca(!e t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e ca!e, a! $on& a! t"e fee i! 'ai wit"in t"e a''$icab$e 're!cri'tive or re&$e)entar1 'erio ; )ore !o w"en t"e 'art1 invo$ve e)on!trate! a wi$$in&ne!! to abi e b1 t"e r($e! 're!cribin& !(c" 'a1)ent? Disposition Petition i! 3E;IE3?

HEIRS OF HINO/ V MELICOR /.R. N!. =9B>49 AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ< Ap"i* =8, 8BB4
NATURE Petition for certiorari an 'ro"ibition FACTS - Private re!'on ent! C(!to io, R(fo, #o)a! an :onorio, a$$ !(rna)e 7a$ane own a 1,.--- !/(are )eter 'arce$ of $an !it(ate in Ma$a1o ;orte, Corte!, 7o"o$, e!i&nate a! Lot ;o? 1914? So)eti)e in Marc" 1->0, t"e1 a$$owe 7ert($ o :ino& to (!e a 'ortion of t"e !ai 'ro'ert1 for a 'erio of ten 1ear! an con!tr(ct t"ereon a !)a$$ "o(!e of $i&"t )ateria$! at a no)ina$ ann(a$ renta$ of P100?00 on$1, con!i erin& t"e c$o!e re$ation! of t"e 'artie!? After t"e e6'iration of t"e ten-1ear 'erio , t"e1 e)an e t"e ret(rn of t"e occ('ie 'ortion an re)ova$ of t"e "o(!e con!tr(cte t"ereon b(t 7ert($ o ref(!e an in!tea c$ai)e owner!"i' of t"e entire 'ro'ert1 b1 virt(e of a 3ee of Ab!o$(te Sa$e ate ,($1 2, 1->0, e6ec(te b1 one #o)a! Pa"ac wit" t"e Anow$e &e an confor)it1 of 'rivate re!'on ent!? - Accor in&$1, 'rivate re!'on ent! fi$e a co)'$aint for FRecover1 of Owner!"i' an Po!!e!!ion, Re)ova$ of Con!tr(ction an 3a)a&e!L a&ain!t 7ert($ o? - #ria$ en!(e b(t on ,(ne 24, 1-->, 7ert($ o ie wit"o(t co)'$etin& "i! evi ence? Att1? S($'icio A? #ina)'a1 wit" rew a! co(n!e$ for 7ert($ o a! "i! !ervice! were ter)inate b1 'etitioner 7ert($ o :ino& III? Att1? %eronico <? Peta$corin t"en entere "i! a''earance a! new co(n!e$ for 7ert($ o? - On Se'te)ber 22, 1-->, Att1? Peta$corin fi$e a )otion to e6'(n&e t"e co)'$aint fro) t"e recor an n($$if1 a$$ co(rt 'rocee in&! on t"e &ro(n t"at 'rivate re!'on ent! fai$e to !'ecif1 in t"e co)'$aint t"e a)o(nt of a)a&e! c$ai)e !o a! to 'a1 t"e correct ocAet fee!; an t"at (n er Manc"e!ter 3eve$o')ent Cor'oration v!? Co(rt of A''ea$!, non-'a1)ent of t"e correct ocAet fee i! 2(ri! ictiona$? It wa! f(rt"er a$$e&e t"at t"e 'rivate re!'on ent! fai$e to 'a1 t"e correct ocAet fee !ince t"e )ain !(b2ect )atter of t"e ca!e cannot be e!ti)ate a! it i! for recover1 of owner!"i', 'o!!e!!ion an re)ova$ of con!tr(ction? - Private re!'on ent! o''o!e t"e )otion to e6'(n&e on t"e fo$$owin& &ro(n !@ 4a5 !ai )otion wa! fi$e )ore t"an !even 1ear! fro) t"e in!tit(tion of t"e ca!e; 4b5 Att1? Peta$corin "a! not co)'$ie wit" Section 18, R($e . of t"e R($e! of Co(rt w"ic" 'rovi e! t"at t"e eat" of t"e ori&ina$ efen ant re/(ire! a !(b!tit(tion of 'artie! before a $aw1er can "ave $e&a$ 'er!ona$it1 to re're!ent a $iti&ant an t"e )otion to e6'(n&e oe! not )ention of an1 !'ecific 'art1 w"o) "e i! re're!entin& Vt"i! wa! $ater on co)'$ie wit" b1 Att1? Peta$corinW; 4c5 co$$ectib$e fee! (e t"e co(rt can be c"ar&e a! $ien on t"e 2( &)ent; an 4 5 con!i erin& t"e $a'!e of ti)e, t"e )otion i! )ere$1 a i$ator1 !c"e)e e)'$o1e b1 'etitioner!?

21 - In t"eir Re2oin er, 'etitioner! )anife!te t"at t"e $a'!e of ti)e oe! not ve!t t"e co(rt wit" 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e (e to fai$(re to 'a1 t"e correct ocAet fee!? A! to t"e contention t"at eficienc1 in 'a1)ent of ocAet fee! can be )a e a! a $ien on t"e 2( &)ent, 'etitioner! ar&(e t"at t"e 'a1)ent of fi$in& fee! cannot be )a e e'en ent on t"e re!($t of t"e action taAen? - On ,an(ar1 21, 1---, t"e tria$ co(rt or ere t"e co)'$aint to be e6'(n&e fro) t"e recor ! an t"e n($$ification of a$$ co(rt 'rocee in&! taAen for fai$(re to 'a1 t"e correct ocAet fee!? - On ,an(ar1 2>, 1---, ('on 'a1)ent of eficienc1 ocAet fee, 'rivate re!'on ent! fi$e a )anife!tation wit" 'ra1er to rein!tate t"e ca!e? Petitioner! o''o!e t"e rein!tate)ent b(t on Marc" 22, 1---, t"e tria$ co(rt i!!(e t"e fir!t a!!ai$e Or er rein!tatin& t"e ca!e? - On ,($1 14, 1---, 'etitioner! )anife!te t"at t"e tria$ co(rt "avin& e6'(n&e t"e co)'$aint an n($$ifie a$$ co(rt 'rocee in&!, t"ere i! no va$i ca!e an t"e co)'$aint !"o($ not be a )itte for fai$(re to 'a1 t"e correct ocAet fee!; t"at t"ere !"o($ be no ca!e to be rein!tate an no ca!e to 'rocee a! t"ere i! no co)'$aint fi$e ? - After t"e !(b)i!!ion of 'rivate re!'on ent!0 o''o!ition an 'etitioner!0 re2oin er, t"e tria$ co(rt i!!(e t"e !econ a!!ai$e Or er on A(&(!t 1., 1---, e!!entia$$1 en1in& 'etitioner!0 )anife!tationEre2oin er? #"e tria$ co(rt "e$ t"at t"e i!!(e! rai!e in !(c" )anife!tationEre2oin er are 'ractica$$1 t"e !a)e a! t"o!e rai!e in t"e a)en e )otion to e6'(n&e w"ic" "a a$rea 1 been 'a!!e ('on in t"e Or er ate ,an(ar1 21, 1---? Moreover, t"e tria$ co(rt ob!erve t"at t"e Or er ate Marc" 22, 1--- w"ic" rein!tate t"e ca!e wa! not ob2ecte to b1 'etitioner! wit"in t"e re&$e)entar1 'erio or even t"ereafter via a )otion for recon!i eration e!'ite recei't t"ereof on Marc" 28, 1---? - On A(&(!t 25, 1---, 'etitioner! fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration b(t t"e !a)e wa! enie b1 t"e tria$ co(rt in it! t"ir a!!ai$e Or er ate October 15, 1---? :ence, t"i! 'etition? ISSUE =O; &rave ab(!e of i!cretion wa! co))itte b1 t"e tria$ co(rt in rein!tatin& t"e co)'$aint ('on t"e 'a1)ent of eficienc1 ocAet fee! HELD ;O - #"e (navai$abi$it1 of t"e writ of certiorari an 'ro"ibition in t"i! ca!e i! borne o(t of t"e fact t"at 'etitioner! 'rinci'a$$1 a!!ai$ t"e Or er ate Marc" 22, 1--- w"ic" t"e1 never !o(&"t recon!i eration of, in (e ti)e, e!'ite recei't t"ereof on Marc" 28, 1---? In!tea , 'etitioner! went t"ro(&" t"e )otion of fi$in& a !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& an on$1 w"en t"e $atter wa! enie , or after )ore t"an t"ree )ont"! "ave 'a!!e , i t"e1 rai!e t"e i!!(e t"at t"e co)'$aint !"o($ not "ave been rein!tate in t"e fir!t '$ace beca(!e t"e tria$ co(rt "a no 2(ri! iction to o !o, "avin& a$rea 1 r($e t"at t"e co)'$aint !"a$$ be e6'(n&e ? - After reco&niBin& t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e tria$ co(rt b1 !eeAin& affir)ative re$ief in t"eir )otion to !erve !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& ('on 'rivate re!'on ent!, 'etitioner! are effective$1 barre b1 e!to''e$ fro) c"a$$en&in& t"e tria$ co(rt0! 2(ri! iction? If a 'art1 invoAe! t"e 2(ri! iction of a co(rt, "e cannot t"ereafter c"a$$en&e t"e co(rt0! 2(ri! iction in t"e !a)e ca!e? #o r($e ot"erwi!e wo($ a)o(nt to !'ec($atin& on t"e fort(ne of $iti&ation, w"ic" i! a&ain!t t"e 'o$ic1 of t"e Co(rt? - It )(!t be c$arifie t"at t"e !ai or er i! b(t a re!o$(tion on an inci enta$ )atter w"ic" oe! not to(c" on t"e )erit! of t"e ca!e or '(t an en to t"e 'rocee in&!? It i! an inter$oc(tor1 or er !ince t"ere $eave! !o)et"in& e$!e to be one b1 t"e tria$ co(rt wit" re!'ect to t"e )erit! of t"e ca!e? #"e re)e 1 a&ain!t an inter$oc(tor1 or er i! &enera$$1 not to re!ort fort"wit" to certiorari, b(t to contin(e wit" t"e ca!e in (e co(r!e an , w"en an (nfavorab$e ver ict i! "an e own, to taAe an a''ea$ in t"e )anner a(t"oriBe b1 $aw? On$1 w"en t"e co(rt i!!(e !(c" or er wit"o(t or in e6ce!! of 2(ri! iction or wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion an w"en t"e a!!ai$e inter$oc(tor1 or er i! 'atent$1 erroneo(! an t"e re)e 1 of a''ea$ wo($ not affor a e/(ate an e6'e itio(! re$ief wi$$ certiorari be con!i ere an a''ro'riate re)e 1 to a!!ai$ an inter$oc(tor1 or er? S(c" !'ecia$ circ()!tance! are ab!o$(te$1 wantin& in t"e 're!ent ca!e? - P$ain$1, w"i$e t"e 'a1)ent of t"e 're!cribe ocAet fee i! a 2(ri! ictiona$ re/(ire)ent, even it! non-'a1)ent at t"e ti)e of fi$in& oe! not a(to)atica$$1 ca(!e t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e ca!e, a! $on& a! t"e fee i! 'ai wit"in t"e a''$icab$e 're!cri'tive or re&$e)entar1 'erio , )ore !o w"en t"e 'art1 invo$ve e)on!trate! a wi$$in&ne!! to abi e b1 t"e r($e! 're!cribin& !(c" 'a1)ent? #"(!, w"en in!(fficient fi$in& fee! were initia$$1 'ai b1 t"e '$aintiff! an t"ere wa! no intention to efra( t"e &overn)ent, t"e Manc"e!ter r($e oe! not a''$1? In er t"e 'ec($iar circ()!tance! of t"i! ca!e, t"e rein!tate)ent of t"e co)'$aint wa! 2(!t an 'ro'er con!i erin& t"at t"e ca(!e of action of 'rivate re!'on ent!, bein& a rea$ action, 're!cribe! in t"irt1 1ear!, an 'rivate re!'on ent! i not rea$$1 inten to eva e t"e 'a1)ent of t"e 're!cribe ocAet fee b(t !i)'$1 conten t"at t"e1 co($ not be fa($te for ina e/(ate a!!e!!)ent beca(!e t"e c$erA of co(rt )a e no notice of e)an or rea!!e!!)ent? #"e1 were in &oo fait" an !i)'$1 re$ie on t"e a!!e!!)ent of t"e c$erA of co(rt? - ="i$e t"e ocAet fee! were ba!e on$1 on t"e rea$ 'ro'ert1 va$(ation, t"e tria$ co(rt ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e action, an 2( &)ent awar ! w"ic" were $eft for eter)ination b1 t"e co(rt or a! )a1 be 'roven (rin& tria$ wo($ !ti$$ be !(b2ect to a itiona$ fi$in& fee! w"ic" !"a$$ con!tit(te a $ien on t"e 2( &)ent? It wo($ t"en be t"e re!'on!ibi$it1 of t"e C$erA of Co(rt of t"e tria$ co(rt or "i! ($1 a(t"oriBe e'(t1 to enforce !ai $ien an a!!e!! an co$$ect t"e a itiona$ fee!?

CAUSE OF ACTION, DEFINED FELIPE V LEUTERIO -1 P"i$ 4>2 7en&Bon; Ma1 .0, 1-52
NATURE Ori&ina$ Action in t"e S('re)e Co(rt? Certiorari FACTS? In an oratorica$ conte!t "e$ in ;a&a, Ca)arine!D S(r, fir!t "onor wa! &iven b1 t"e boar of five 2( &e! to ;e!tor ;o!ce, an !econ "onor to E))a I)'eria$? Si6 a1! $ater, E))a a!Ae t"e co(rt of fir!t in!tance of t"at 'rovince to rever!e t"e awar , a$$e&in& t"at one of t"e 2( &e! "a fa$$en into error in &ra in& "er 'erfor)ance? After a "earin&, an over t"e ob2ection? of t"e ot"er fo(r 2( &e! of t"e conte!t, t"e co(rt ec$are E))a I)'eria$ winner of t"e fir!t '$ace ISSUE =O; t"e co(rt! "ave t"e a(t"orit1 to rever!e t"e awar of t"e boar of 2( &e! of an oratorica$ co)'etition HELD N!. Reasoning.. #"e Co(rt "e$ @ F=e ob!erve t"at in a!!()in& 2(ri! iction over t"e )atter, t"e re!'on ent 2( &e rea!one o(t t"at w"ere t"ere i! a wron& t"ere i! a re)e 1 an t"at co(rt! of fir!t in!tance are co(rt! of &enera$ 2(ri! iction? #"e f$aw in "i! rea!onin& $ie! in t"e a!!()'tion t"at I)'eria$ !(ffere !o)e wron& at t"e "an ! of t"e boar of 2( &e!? If at a$$, t"ere wa! error on t"e 'art of one 2( &e, at )o!t? Error an wron& o not )ean t"e !a)e t"in&? *=ron&* a! (!e in t"e afore!ai $e&a$ 'rinci'$e i! t"e e'rivation or vio$ation of a ri&"t? A! !tate before, a conte!tant "a! no ri&"t to t"e 'riBe (n$e!! an (nti$ "e or !"e i! ec$are winner b1 t"e boar of referee! or 2( &e! <rantin& t"at I)'eria$ !(ffere !o)e $o!! or in2(r1, 1et in $aw t"ere are in!tance! of * a)n() ab!/(e in2(ria*? #"i! i! one of t"e)? If fra( or )a$ice "a been 'roven, it wo($ be a ifferent 'ro'o!ition? 7(t t"en "er action !"o($ be irecte a&ain!t t"e in ivi (a$ 2( &e or 2( &e! w"o fra( ($ent$1 or )a$icio(!$1 in2(re "er? ;ot a&ain!t t"e ot"er 2( &e! Disposition. #"e 2( iciar1 "a! no 'ower to rever!e t"e awar of t"e boar of 2( &e! of an oratorica$ conte!t? +or t"at )atter it wo($ not interfere in $iterar1 conte!t!, bea(t1 conte!t! an !i)i$ar co)'etition!

SANTIA/O V BAUTISTA 18 SCRA =:: BARREDO ? MARCH 1B, =>2B

NATURE A''ea$ fro) t"e or er of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of Cotabato i!)i!!in&, on a )otion to i!)i!!, it! Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 2012 for certiorari, in2(nction an a)a&e! on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e co)'$aint

22 t"erein !tate! no ca(!e of action, an fro) t"e !(b!e/(ent or er of t"e co(rt a /(o en1in& t"e )otion for t"e recon!i eration of t"e !ai or er of i!)i!!a$? FACTS -A''e$$ant #eo oro Santia&o, ,r? wa! a '('i$ in <ra e Si6 at t"e Sero E$e)entar1 Sc"oo$ in Cotabato Cit1? -="en t"e !c"oo$ 1ear wa! abo(t to en t"e *Co))ittee On #"e Ratin& Of St( ent! +or :onor* wa! con!tit(te b1 t"e teac"er! concerne at !ai !c"oo$ for t"e '(r'o!e of !e$ectin& t"e *"onor !t( ent!* of it! &ra (atin& c$a!!? #"e above-na)e co))ittee e$iberate an fina$$1 a 2( &e #eo oro C? Santia&o, ,r? a! t"ir "onor? #"e !c"oo$D! &ra (ation e6erci!e! were t"ereafter !et for Ma1 21, 1-85; b(t t"ree a1! before t"at ate, t"e *t"ir '$acer* #eo oro Santia&o, ,r?, re're!ente b1 "i! )ot"er, an wit" "i! fat"er a! co(n!e$, !o(&"t t"e inva$i ation of t"e *ranAin& of "onor !t( ent!* t"(! )a e, b1 in!tit(tin& t"e civi$ ca!e in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of Cotabato, a&ain!t t"e co))ittee )e)ber! a$on& wit" t"e 3i!trict S('ervi!or an t"e Aca e)ic S('ervi!or of t"e '$ace? SANTIA/O# %**e+e) -% ? 415 P$aintiff-'etitioner #eo oro C? Santia&o, ,r? i! a !i6t" &ra er at t"e Sero E$e)entar1 Sc"oo$ in Cotabato Cit1 !c"e ($e to be &ra (ate on Ma1 21!t, 1-85 wit" t"e "onor ranA of t"ir '$ace, w"ic" i! i!'(te ; 425 #"at t"e teac"er! of t"e !c"oo$ "a been )a e re!'on ent! a! t"e1 co)'o!e t"e *Co))ittee on t"e Ratin& of St( ent for :onor*, w"o!erave ab(!e of officia$ i!cretion i! t"e !(b2ect of !(it, w"i$e t"e ot"er efen ant! were inc$( e a! Princi'a$, 3i!trict S('ervi!or an Aca e)ic S('ervi!or of t"e !c"oo$; 4.5 #"at #eo oro Santia&o, ,r? "a been a con!i!tent "onor '('i$ fro) <ra e I to <ra e % of t"e Sero E$e)entar1 Sc"oo$, w"i$e Patricia LiP&at 4!econ '$acer in t"e i!'(te ranAin& in <ra e %I5 "a never been a c$o!e riva$ of 'etitioner before, e6ce't in <ra e % w"erein !"e ranAe t"ir ; 445 #"at Santia&o, ,r? "a been 're2( ice , w"i$e "i! c$o!e!t riva$ "a been !o )(c" benefite , b1 t"e circ()!tance t"at t"e $atter, Socorro Me ina, wa! coac"e an t(tore (rin& t"e !())er vacation of 1-84 b1 Mr!? A$'a! w"o beca)e t"e teac"er of bot" '('i$! in En&$i!" in <ra e %I, re!($tin& in t"e far $ea Me ina obtaine over t"e ot"er '('i$; 455 #"at t"e co))ittee referre to in t"i! ca!e "a been i$$e&a$$1 con!tit(te a! t"e !a)e wa! co)'o!e of a$$ t"e <ra e %I teac"er! on$1, in vio$ation of t"e Service Man(a$ for #eac"er! of t"e 7(rea( of P(b$ic Sc"oo$! w"ic" 'rovi e! t"at t"e co))ittee to !e$ect t"e "onor !t( ent! !"o($ be co)'o!e of a$$ teac"er! in <ra e! % an %I; 485 #"at t"ere are irect an circ()!tantia$ )atter!, w"ic" !"a$$ be 'roven (rin& t"e tria$, w"erein re!'on ent! "ave e6erci!e &rave ab(!e of i!cretion an irre&($aritie!, !(c" a! t"e c"an&in& of t"e fina$ ratin&! on t"e &ra in& !"eet! of Socorro Me ina an Patricia LiP&at; 495 #"at t"ere wa! a (nani)o(! a&ree)ent an (n er!tan in& a)on& t"e re!'on ent teac"er! to in!($t an 're2( ice t"e !econ an t"ir "onor! b1 ratin& Socorro Me ina wit" a 'erfect !core, w"ic" i! ver1 (nnat(ra$; 4>5 #"at t"e wor ! *fir!t '$ace* in 'etitionerD! certificate in <ra e I wa! era!e an re'$ace wit" t"e wor ! *!econ '$ace*, w"ic" i! an in!tance of t"e (n2(!t an i!cri)inatin& ab(!e! co))itte b1 t"e re!'on ent teac"er! in t"e i!'(te !e$ection of "onor '('i$! t"e1 )a e; 4-5 #"at 'etitioner 'er!ona$$1 a''ea$e t"e )atter to t"e Sc"oo$ Princi'a$, to t"e 3i!trict S('ervi!or, an to t"e Aca e)ic S('ervi!or, b(t !ai officia$! *'a!!e t"e b(cA to eac" ot"er* to e$a1 "i! &rievance!, an a! to a''ea$ to "i&"er a(t"oritie! wi$$ be too $ate, t"ere i! no ot"er !'ee 1 an a e/(ate re)e 1 (n er t"e circ()!tance!; an , t"at 'etitioner an "i! 'arent! !(ffere )enta$ an )ora$ a)a&e! in t"e a)o(nt of P10,000?00; an 4105 #"e 'etitioner! 'ra1e to t"e Co(rt to !et a!i e t"e fina$ $i!t of "onor !t( ent! in <ra e %I of t"e Sero E$e)entar1 Sc"oo$ for t"at !c"oo$ 1ear 1-84-1-85, an , (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of t"e !(it, to en2oin t"e re!'on ent teac"er! fro) officia$$1 an for)a$$1 '(b$i!"in& an 'roc$ai)in& t"e !ai "onor '('i$! in <ra e %I in t"e &ra (ation e6erci!e! t"e !c"oo$ wa! !c"e ($e to "o$ on t"e 21!t of Ma1 of t"at 1ear 1-85? LC@ enie in2(nction -A! !c"e ($e , t"e &ra (ation e6erci!e! of t"e Sero E$e)entar1 Sc"oo$ for t"e !c"oo$ 1ear 1-84-1-85 wa! "e$ on Ma1 21, wit" t"e !a)e 'rote!te $i!t of "onor !t( ent!? #"e Co(rt t"en re/(ire t"e re!'on ent! to an!wer t"e 'etition wit"in 10 a1! b(t re!'on ent! )ove for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e ca!e in!tea on t"e &ro(n ! 415 t"at t"e action for certiorari wa! i)'ro'er, an 425 t"at even a!!()in& t"e 'ro'riet1 of t"e action, t"e /(e!tion bro(&"t before t"e co(rt "a a$rea 1 beco)e aca e)ic? #"i! wa! o''o!e b1 'etitioner? #"e )otion to i!)i!! wa! &rante ? I'on recei't of a co'1 of t"e above-/(ote or er, t"e 'etitioner )ove for t"e recon!i eration t"ereof, b(t t"e !a)e wa! i!)i!!e ? Petitioner! a''ea$e ISSUE0S =O; t"e !ai co))ittee of teac"er! oe! fa$$! wit"in t"e cate&or1 of t"e trib(na$, boar , or officer e6erci!in& 2( icia$ f(nction! conte)'$ate b1 R($e 85 HELD? 1? ;O 4t"erefore, no ca(!e of action e6i!t!5 Reasoning. In t"i! 2(ri! iction certiorari i! a !'ecia$ civi$ action in!tit(te a&ain!t Dan1 trib(na$, boar , or officer e6erci!in& 2( icia$ f(nction!?D A 2( icia$ f(nction i! an act 'erfor)e b1 virt(e of 2( icia$ 'ower!; t"e e6erci!e of a 2( icia$ f(nction i! t"e oin& of !o)et"in& in t"e nat(re of t"e action of t"e co(rt? In or er t"at a !'ecia$ civi$ action of certiorari )a1 be invoAe in t"i! 2(ri! iction t"e fo$$owin& circ()!tance! )(!t e6i!t@ 415 t"at t"ere )(!t be a !'ecific controver!1 invo$vin& ri&"t! of 'er!on! or 'ro'ert1 an !ai controver!1 i! bro(&"t before a trib(na$, boar or officer for "earin& an eter)ination of t"eir re!'ective ri&"t! an ob$i&ation!; 425 t"e trib(na$, boar or officer before w"o) t"e controver!1 i! bro(&"t )(!t "ave t"e 'ower an a(t"orit1 to 'rono(nce 2( &)ent an ren er a eci!ion on t"e controver!1 con!tr(in& an a''$1in& t"e $aw! to t"at en ; 4.5 t"e trib(na$, boar or officer )(!t 'ertain to t"at branc" of t"e !overei&n 'ower w"ic" be$on&! to t"e 2( iciar1, or at $ea!t, w"ic" oe! not be$on& to t"e $e&i!$ative or e6ec(tive e'art)ent? - It i! evi ent, ('on t"e fore&oin& a(t"oritie!, t"at t"e !o ca$$e co))ittee on t"e ratin& of !t( ent! for "onor w"o!e action! are /(e!tione in t"i! ca!e e6erci!e neit"er 2( icia$ nor /(a!i 2( icia$ f(nction! in t"e 'erfor)ance of it! a!!i&ne ta!A? 7efore a trib(na$ boar , or officer )a1 e6erci!e 2( icia$ or /(a!i 2( icia$ act!, it i! nece!!ar1 t"at t"ere be a $aw t"at &ive ri!e to !o)e !'ecific ri&"t! of 'er!on! or 'ro'ert1 (n er w"ic" a ver!e c$ai)! to !(c" ri&"t! are )a e, an t"e controver!1 en!(in& t"erefro) i! bro(&"t, in t(rn, before t"e trib(na$, boar or officer c$ot"e wit" 'ower an a(t"orit1 to eter)ine w"at t"at $aw i! an t"ere('on a 2( icate t"e re!'ective ri&"t! of t"e conten in& 'artie!? - #"ere i! not"in& on recor abo(t an1 r($e of $aw t"at 'rovi e! t"at w"en teac"er! !it own to a!!e!! t"e in ivi (a$ )erit! of t"eir '('i$! for '(r'o!e! of ratin& t"e) for "onor!, !(c" f(nction invo$ve! t"e eter)ination of w"at t"e $aw i! an t"at t"e1 are t"erefore a(to)atica$$1 ve!te wit" 2( icia$ or /(a!i 2( icia$ f(nction!? Dispositive. #"e 2( &)ent a''ea$e fro) i! affir)e , wit" co!t! a&ain!t a''e$$ant?

SA/RADA V NATIONAL COCONUT CORP. /.R. L-1245 LABRADOR< J,ne 1B, =>48
NATURE Action to recover 'iece of 'ro'ert1 FACTS - #"e $an be$on&! to t"e '$aintiff, in w"o!e na)e t"e tit$e wa! re&i!tere before t"e war? 3(rin& t"e ,a'ane!e occ('ation, t"e $an wa! ac/(ire b1 a ,a'ane!e cor'oration, #aiwan #eAAo!"o, for t"e !() of P140,000, an t"ere('on tit$e t"ereto i!!(e in it! na)e? After $iberation, t"e A$ien Pro'ert1 C(!to ian of t"e Inite State! of A)erica tooA 'o!!e!!ion, contro$, an c(!to 1 t"ereof (n er !ection 12 of t"e #ra in& wit" t"e Ene)1 Act, for t"e rea!on t"at it be$on&e to an ene)1 nationa$? 3(rin& t"e 1ear 1-48 t"e 'ro'ert1 wa! occ('ie b1 t"e Co'ra E6'ort Mana&e)ent Co)'an1 (n er a c(!to ian!"i' a&ree)ent wit" Inite State! A$ien Pro'ert1 C(!to ian, an w"en it vacate t"e 'ro'ert1 it wa! occ('ie b1 t"e efen ant "erein? #"e efen ant wa! a(t"oriBe to re'air t"e ware"o(!e on t"e $an , an act(a$$1 !'ent t"ereon t"e re'air! t"e !() of P28,>->?29? - P$aintiff bro(&"t an action in co(rt to ann($ t"e !a$e of 'ro'ert1 of #aiwan #eAAo!"o, an recover it! 'o!!e!!ion? #"e ca!e i not co)e for tria$ beca(!e t"e 'artie! 're!ente a 2oint 'etition in w"ic" it i! c$ai)e b1 '$aintiff t"at t"e !a$e in favor of t"e #aiwan #eAAo!"o wa! n($$ an voi beca(!e it wa! e6ec(te (n er t"reat!, (re!!, an inti)i ation, an it wa! a&ree t"at t"e tit$e i!!(e in t"e na)e of t"e #aiwan #eAAo!"o be cance$$e an t"e ori&ina$ tit$e of '$aintiff re-

2. i!!(e ? - #"e 're!ent action i! to recover t"e rea!onab$e renta$! fro) A(&(!t, 1-48, t"e ate w"en t"e efen ant be&an to occ('1 t"e 're)i!e!, to t"e ate it vacate it? ISSUE0S 1? =O; efen ant i! $iab$e for rent of t"e !ai 'erio HELD 1? ;o Ratio If efen ant-a''e$$ant i! $iab$e at a$$, it! ob$i&ation!, )(!t ari!e fro) an1 of t"e fo(r !o(rce! of ob$i&ation!, na)$e1, $aw, contract or /(a!i-contract, cri)e, or ne&$i&ence? 4Artic$e 10>-, S'ani!" Civi$ Co e?5 Reasoning 3efen ant-a''e$$ant i! not &(i$t1 of an1 offen!e at a$$, beca(!e it entere t"e 're)i!e! an occ('ie it wit" t"e 'er)i!!ion of t"e entit1 w"ic" "a t"e $e&a$ contro$ an a )ini!tration t"ereof, t"e A$ien Pro'ert1 A )ini!tration? ;eit"er wa! t"ere an1 ne&$i&ence on it! 'art? #"ere wa! a$!o no 'rivit1 4of contract or ob$i&ation5 between t"e A$ien Pro'ert1 C(!to ian an t"e #aiwan #eAAo!"o, !(c" t"at t"e A$ien Pro'ert1 C(!to ian or it! 'er)ittee 4 efen ant-a''e$$ant5 )a1 be "e$ re!'on!ib$e for t"e !(''o!e i$$e&a$it1 of t"e occ('ation of t"e 'ro'ert1 b1 t"e !ai #aiwan #eAAo!"o? #"e A$ien Pro'ert1 A )ini!tration "a t"e contro$ an a )ini!tration of t"e 'ro'ert1 not a! !(cce!!or to t"e intere!t! of t"e ene)1 "o$ er of t"e tit$e, t"e #aiwan #eAAo!"o, b(t b1 e6're!! 'rovi!ion of $aw? ;eit"er i! it a tr(!tee of t"e for)er owner, t"e '$aintiff-a''e$$ee "erein, b(t a tr(!tee of t"en <overn)ent of t"e Inite State!, in it! own ri&"t, to t"e e6c$(!ion of, an a&ain!t t"e c$ai) or tit$e of, t"e ene)1 owner? +ro) A(&(!t, 1-48, w"en efen ant-a''e$$ant tooA 'o!!e!!ion, to t"e $ate of 2( &)ent on +ebr(ar1 2>, 1-4>, A$ien Pro'ert1 A )ini!tration "a t"e ab!o$(te contro$ of t"e 'ro'ert1 a! tr(!tee of t"e <overn)ent of t"e Inite State!, wit" 'ower to i!'o!e of it b1 !a$e or ot"erwi!e, a! t"o(&" it were t"e ab!o$(te owner? #"erefore, even if efen ant-a''e$$ant were $iab$e to t"e A$ien Pro'ert1 A )ini!tration for renta$!, t"e!e wo($ not accr(e to t"e benefit of t"e '$aintiff-a''e$$ee, t"e owner, b(t to t"e Inite State! <overn)ent? Disposition ="erefore, t"e 'art of t"e 2( &)ent a''ea$e fro), w"ic" !entence! efen ant-a''e$$ant to 'a1 renta$! fro) A(&(!t, 1-48, to +ebr(ar1 2>, 1-4-, i! "ereb1 rever!e ? In a$$ ot"er re!'ect! t"e 2( &)ent i! affir)e ? Co!t! of t"i! a''ea$ !"a$$ be a&ain!t t"e '$aintiffa''e$$ee? of t"e $e&a$ ri&"t! of anot"er, an it! e!!entia$ e$e)ent! are@ 1? $e&a$ ri&"t of '$aintiff, 2? corre$ative ob$i&ation of t"e efen ant, an .? act or o)i!!ion of efen ant in vio$ation of !ai $e&a$ ri&"t? Reasoning. In t"i! ca!e, t"ere wa! no o)i!!ion on t"e 'art of t"e efen ant in vi$ation of t"e $e&a$ ri&"t! of t"e '$aintiff! to be 'ai , beca(!e EO ;o? .2 !ai ebt! are not 1et 'a1ab$e or t"eir 'a1)ent cannot be enforce (nti$ t"e $e&a$ ce!!ation of t"e )oratori(), w"ic" i! !ti$$ in force? 333BUT @n! "e*% e) ! !pic C%,#e !& Ac i!nA? even if t"e co)'$aint of t"e '$aintiff! re!'on ent! !tate! no ca(!e of action, t"e SC "o$ ! t"at t"e fact! !tate in t"e 'etition for certiorari an 'ro"ibition fi$e in t"e 're!ent ca!e o ;O# entit$e t"e 'etitioner to !ai re$ief!? 7eca(!e 2( &e :A3 2(ri! iction an i not e6cee it or act wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion in en1in& t"e 'etitioner0! )otion to i!)i!!? #"i! Co(rt, in action! of certiorari, can on$1 eter)ine =O; t"e co(rt acte wit"o(t or in e6ce!! of it! 2(ri! iction or wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion? SoX i!'o!ition@ Disposition Petition i! enie ?

DANFOSS V. CONTINENTAL CEMENT CORPORATION /.R. NO. =912:: CORONA< SEPT. > 8BB4
NATURE #"i! i! a 'etition for review on certiorari (n er R($e 45 of t"e 1--9 R($e! on Civi$ Proce (re of t"e eci!ion of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! an it! re!o$(tion en1in& 'etitioner0! )otion for recon!i eration? FACTS - On ;ove)ber 5, 1-->, re!'on ent Continenta$ Ce)ent Cor'oration 4CCC5 fi$e a co)'$aint for a)a&e! a&ain!t 'etitioner 3A;+OSS an Mec"atronic! In!tr()ent! an Contro$!, Inc? 4MI;CI5 before t"e R#C of HC, 7ranc" >0, a$$e&in& t"at@ 415 CCC '(rc"a!e fro) MI;CI two 3anfo!! 7ran +re/(enc1 ConverterEInverter for (!e in t"e +ini!" Mi$$ of it! Ce)ent P$ant? #"e !ai '(rc"a!e i! covere b1 a P(rc"a!e Or er w"ic" in icate t"e e$iver1 ate to be wit"in ei&"t 4>5 to ten 4105 weeA! fro) t"e o'enin& of t"e $etter of cre it? CCC e6ec(te an o'ene a $etter of cre it (n er in favor of 3A;+OSS I;3IS#RIES P#E? L#3; 425 CCC t"ro(&" a $etter ate 9 ;ove)ber 1--9, reiterate it! e)an t"at ever1 e$a1 in t"e !"i')ent of t"e two 425 (nit +re/(enc1 ConverterEInverter wi$$ ca(!e !(b!tantia$ $o!!e! in it! o'eration! an re/(e!te for t"e ear$1 worA o(t an t"e i))e iate !"i')ent of t"e fre/(enc1 converter to avoi f(rt"er $o!! to t"e co)'an1; :owever, on - ;ove)ber 1--9, 3A;+OSS, infor)e t"e ot"er MI;CI t"ro(&" fa6 tran!)i!!ion, co'1 f(rni!"e '$aintiff CCC, t"at t"e rea!on w"1 3A;+OSS "a! e$iver1 'rob$e)! wa! t"at !o)e of t"e !(''$ie co)'onent! for t"e new %L# 5000 !erie! i not )eet t"e a&ree /(a$it1 !tan ar ? #"at )ean! t"at t"eir factor1 wa! canva!!in& for anot"er !(''$ier? An at t"at )o)ent, t"ere wa! no c$ear )e!!a&e w"en nor)a$ 'ro (ction wi$$ re!()e? -3(e to t"i! infor)ation receive , CCC !(r)i!e t"at efen ant! MI;CI an 3A;+OSS co($ not be ab$e to e$iver t"e two 425 (nit +re/(enc1 Converter wit"in t"e )a6i)() 'erio of ten 4105 weeA! 'erio fro) t"e o'enin& of t"e Letter of Cre it, a! one of t"e con ition! in t"e P(rc"a!e Or er? #"ereafter, no efinite co))it)ent wa! receive b1 '$aintiff CCC fro) efen ant! MI;CI an 3A;+OSS for t"e e$iver1 of t"e two (nit +re/(enc1 Converter? -71 rea!on of t"e e$a1 to e$iver, CCC infor)e MI;CI in a $etter ate 1. ;ove)ber 1--9, of t"e '$aintiff0! intention to c%nce* t"e !ai or er? A! a con!e/(ence t"ereof, CCC "a! !(ffere an act(a$ !(b!tantia$ 'ro (ction $o!!e! in t"e a)o(nt P>,084,000?00 (e to t"e ti)e $o!t an e$a1 in t"e e$iver1 of t"e !ai two 425 (nit +re/(enc1 ConverterEInverter? LiAewi!e, '$aintiff CCC wa! co)'e$$e to $ooA for anot"er !(''$ier? - On +ebr(ar1 19, 1---, 3A;+OSS fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at it i not !tate a ca(!e of action? - #"e co(rt a /(o enie t"e )otion to i!)i!! in it! or erV4W ate Ma1 2>, 1---? - 3anfo!! fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration of t"e or er b(t it wa! enie ? On a''ea$ to t"e CA, t"e $atter a$!o enie 3anfo!!0 'etition for $acA of )erit? #"e CA $iAewi!e enie 'etitioner0! )otion for recon!i eration, "ence, t"i! a''ea$? ISSUE

MA-AO SU/AR CENTRAL CO V BARRIOS 2> PHIL 555 FERIA< DeceD6e" 1, =>92
NATURE Petition for certiorari to !et a!i e t"e or er of t"e re!'on ent 2( &e en1in& t"e )otion to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint of re!'on ent! FACTS - re!'on ent! fi$e a co)'$aint !eeAin& to recover a)o(nt! of )one1 (e to t"e) fro) t"e 'etitioner before t"e o(tbreaA of t"e war? - t"e &ro(n of t"e )otion to i!)i!! fi$e b1 t"e 'etitioner! i! t"at t"e co)'$aint of t"e re!'on ent! oe! not !tate fact! !(fficient to con!tit(te a ca(!e of action, beca(!e t"e '$aintiff! "ave no ri&"t to e)an t"e 'a1)ent of t"e efen ant!0 ebt! (nti$ after t"e ter)ination or $e&a$ ce!!ation of t"e )oratori() 'rovi e in EO ;o? .2@ Enforcement of pa!ment of pa!ments of all de ts and other monetar! o ligations pa!a le $ithin the Philippines# e%cept de ts and other monetar! o ligations# entered into in an! area after declaration ! Presidential Proclamation# that such area has een freed from enem! occupation and control# is temporaril! suspended pending action ! the Common$ealth /overnment. ISSUE0S 1? =O; co)'$ain of t"e re!'on ent! !tate! fact! !(fficient to con!tit(te a ca(!e of action HELD 1? ;O Ratio. A ca(!e of action i! an act or o)i!!ion of one 'art1 in vio$ation

24 =O; t"e CA erre in affir)in& t"e enia$ b1 t"e co(rt a /(o of 'etitioner0! )otion to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint for a)a&e! on t"e &ro(n t"at it fai$e to !tate a ca(!e of action? HELD CES? Ratio. In or er to !(!tain a i!)i!!a$ on t"e &ro(n of $acA of ca(!e of action, t"e in!(fficienc1 )(!t a''ear on t"e face of t"e co)'$aint? An t"e te!t of t"e !(fficienc1 of t"e fact! a$$e&e in t"e co)'$aint to con!tit(te a ca(!e of action i! w"et"er or not, a )ittin& t"e fact! a$$e&e , t"e co(rt can ren er a va$i 2( &)ent t"ereon in accor ance wit" t"e 'ra1er of t"e co)'$aint? +or t"i! '(r'o!e, t"e )otion to i!)i!! )(!t "1'ot"etica$$1 a )it t"e tr(t" of t"e fact! a$$e&e in t"e co)'$aint? Reasoning. After a caref($ 'er(!a$ of t"e a$$e&ation! in re!'on ent0! co)'$aint for a)a&e! a&ain!t 'etitioner, we r($e t"at t"e !a)e fai$e to !tate a ca(!e of action? ="en re!'on ent !(e 'etitioner for a)a&e!, 'etitioner "a not vio$ate an1 ri&"t of re!'on ent fro) w"ic" a ca(!e of action "a ari!en? Re!'on ent on$1 !(r)i!e t"at 'etitioner wo($ not be ab$e to e$iver t"e two (nit! fre/(enc1 converterEinverter on t"e ate a&ree ('on b1 t"e)? 7a!e on t"i! a''re"en!ion, it cance$$e it! or er !i6 a1! 'rior to t"e a&ree ate of e$iver1? :ow co($ re!'on ent "o$ 'etitioner $iab$e for a)a&e! 415 w"en 'etitioner "a not 1et breac"e it! ob$i&ation to e$iver t"e &oo ! an 425 after re!'on ent )a e it i)'o!!ib$e for 'etitioner to e$iver t"e) b1 cance$$in& it! or er even before t"e a&ree e$iver1 ateQ -Sec i!n = @+A, R,*e =5 !& -e =>>2 Re'i#e) R,*e# !n Ci'i* P"!ce),"e 'rovi e! t"at@ Section 1? <ro(n ! M =it"in t"e ti)e for b(t before fi$in& t"e an!wer to t"e co)'$aint or '$ea in& a!!ertin& a c$ai), a )otion to i!)i!! )a1 be )a e on an1 of t"e fo$$owin& &ro(n !@ 666 666 666 4&5 #"at t"e '$ea in& a!!ertin& t"e c$ai) !tate! no ca(!e of action; -O; CAISE O+ AC#IO;@ A c%,#e !& %c i!n i! efine (n er Sec i!n 8, R,*e 8 of t"e !a)e R($e! Sec? 2? Ca(!e of action, efine ? M A ca(!e of action i! t"e act or o)i!!ion b1 w"ic" a 'art1 vio$ate! a ri&"t of anot"er?RRR -It is the delict or wrongful act or o$ission co$$itted &% the defendant in violation of the pri$ar% right of the plaintiff. -Disposition. =:ERE+ORE, we "ereb1 <RA;# t"e 'etition? #"e a!!ai$e eci!ion of t"e CA ate +ebr(ar1 11, 2000 an it! re!o$(tion ate ,(ne 9, 2000 are RE%ERSE3 an SE# ASI3E? Civi$ Ca!e 'en in& before t"e R#C of H(eBon Cit1, 7ranc" >0, i! "ereb1 3ISMISSE3? acion en 'a&o a&ree)ent wit" t"e $atter, w"ereb1 a$$ it! a!!et! )ort&a&e to 37P were ce e to t"e $atter in f($$ !ati!faction of t"e cor'orationD! ob$i&ation! in t"e tota$ a)o(nt of P5- )i$$ion? Part of t"e a!!et! tran!ferre to t"e 37P wa! t"e &$a!! '$ant in Ro!ario, Cavite, w"ic" 37P $ea!e an !(b!e/(ent$1 !o$ to Inion <$a!! an Container Cor'oration? - :ofi$ePa fi$e a co)'$aint before t"e SEC a&ain!t t"e 37P, Inion <$a!! an Pioneer <$a!!? :ofi$ePa 'ra1e t"at t"e acion en 'a&o be ec$are n($$ an voi an t"e a!!et! of t"e Pioneer <$a!! taAen over b1 37P 'artic($ar$1 t"e &$a!! '$ant be ret(rne ? - Of t"e five ca(!e! of action '$ea e , on$1 t"e fir!t ca(!e of action concerne Inion <$a!! a! tran!feree an 'o!!e!!or of t"e &$a!! '$ant? Inion <$a!! )ove for i!)i!!a$ of t"e ca!e on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e SEC "a no 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter or nat(re of t"e !(it? Re!'on ent :ofi$ePa fi$e "er o''o!ition to !ai )otion, to w"ic" Inion <$a!! fi$e a re2oin er? - SEC :earin& Officer E(&enio Re1e! &rante t"e M#3 for $acA of 2(ri! iction? :owever, ('on a M+R, "e rever!e "i! ori&ina$ or er? Inab$e to !ec(re a recon!i eration of t"e Or er a! we$$ a! to "ave t"e !a)e reviewe b1 t"e Co))i!!ion En 7anc, Inion <$a!! fi$e t"i! 'etition in t"e SC? ISSUE 1? =O; t"e SEC "a! 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e an co(rt! not t"e re&($ar

MISJOINDER UNION /LASS V SEC @H!&i*eN%A =85 SCRA 18 ESCOLIN< N!'eD6e" 8:, =>:1
NATURE Petition for certiorari an 'ro"ibition !eeAin& to ann($ an !et a!i e t"e or er of t"e Sec(ritie! an E6c"an&e Co))i!!ion 4SEC5 FACTS - Caro$ina :ofi$ePa i! a !tocA"o$ er of Pioneer <$a!! Man(fact(rin& Cor'oration, a o)e!tic cor'oration en&a&e in t"e o'eration of !i$ica )ine! an t"e )an(fact(re of &$a!! an &$a!!ware? Since 1-89, Pioneer <$a!! "a obtaine vario(! $oan acco))o ation! fro) t"e 3eve$o')ent 7anA of t"e P"i$i''ine! V37PW, an a$!o fro) ot"er $oca$ an forei&n !o(rce! w"ic" 37P &(arantee ? #"e 'rocee ! were (!e in t"e con!tr(ction of a &$a!! '$ant in Ro!ario, Cavite, an t"e o'eration of !even !i$ica )inin& c$ai)! owne b1 t"e cor'oration? - A! !ec(rit1, Pioneer <$a!! )ort&a&e an Eor a!!i&ne it! a!!et! to t"e 37P in a ition to t"e )ort&a&e! e6ec(te b1 !o)e of it! cor'orate officer! over t"eir 'er!ona$ a!!et!? #"ro(&" t"e conver!ion into e/(it1 of t"e acc()($ate (n'ai intere!t! on t"e vario(! $oan! 37P wa! ab$e to &ain contro$ of t"e o(t!tan in& !"are! of co))on !tocA! of Pioneer <$a!!, an to &et t"ree re&($ar !eat! in t"e cor'orationD! boar of irector!? - ="en Pioneer <$a!! !(ffere !erio(! $i/(i it1 'rob$e)! !(c" t"at it co($ no $on&er )eet it! financia$ ob$i&ation! wit" 37P, it entere into a

HELD 1? ;O? Ratio In or er t"at t"e SEC can taAe co&niBance of a ca!e, t"e controver!1 )(!t 'ertain to an1 of t"e fo$$owin& re$ation!"i'!@ VaW between t"e cor'oration, 'artner!"i' or a!!ociation an t"e '(b$ic; VbW between t"e cor'oration, 'artner!"i' or a!!ociation an it! !tocA"o$ er!, 'artner!, )e)ber!, or officer!; VcW between t"e cor'oration, 'artner!"i' or a!!ociation an t"e !tate in !o far a! it! franc"i!e, 'er)it or $icen!e to o'erate i! concerne ; an V W a)on& t"e !tocA"o$ er!, 'artner! or a!!ociate! t"e)!e$ve!? Reasoning ="i$e t"e R($e! of Co(rt, w"ic" a''$ie! !(''$etori$1 to 'rocee in&! before t"e SEC, a$$ow! t"e 2oin er of ca(!e! of action in one co)'$aint, !(c" 'roce (re "owever i! !(b2ect to t"e r($e! re&ar in& 2(ri! iction, ven(e an 2oin er of 'artie!? Since Inion <$a!! "a! no intra-cor'orate re$ation!"i' wit" :ofi$ePa, it cannot be 2oine a! 'art1- efen ant in !ai ca!e a! to o !o wo($ vio$ate t"e r($e on 2(ri! iction? :ofi$ePaD! co)'$aint a&ain!t Inion <$a!! for cance$$ation of t"e !a$e of t"e &$a!! '$ant !"o($ t"erefore be bro(&"t !e'arate$1 before t"e re&($ar co(rt? - S(c" action, if in!tit(te , !"a$$ be !(!'en e to await t"e fina$ o(tco)e of t"e SEC ca!e, for t"e i!!(e of t"e va$i it1 of t"e acion en 'a&o 'o!e in t"e SEC ca!e i! a 're2( icia$ /(e!tion, t"e re!o$(tion of w"ic" i! a $o&ica$ antece ent of t"e i!!(e invo$ve in t"e action a&ain!t Inion <$a!!? #"(!, :ofi$ePaD! co)'$aint a&ain!t t"e $atter can on$1 'ro!'er if fina$ 2( &)ent i! ren ere in SEC Ca!e ;o? 20.5, ann($$in& t"e acion en Pa&o e6ec(te in favor of t"e 37P? ;O#E@ #"e 2(ri! iction of t"e SEC i! e$ineate , b1 Sec 5 of P3 -02A@ SEC? 5? In a ition to t"e re&($ator1 an a 2( icative f(nction of t"e Sec(ritie! an E6c"an&e Co))i!!ion over cor'oration!, 'artner!"i'! an ot"er for)! of a!!ociation! re&i!tere wit" it a! e6're!!$1 &rante (n er e6i!tin& $aw! an evice!, it !"a$$ "ave ori&ina$ an e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction to "ear an eci e ca!e! invo$vin&@ a5 3evice! an !c"e)e! e)'$o1e b1 or an1 act!, of t"e boar of irector!, b(!ine!! a!!ociate!, it! officer! or 'artner!, a)o(ntin& to fra( an )i!re're!entation w"ic" )a1 be etri)enta$ to t"e intere!t of t"e '(b$ic an Eor t"e !tocA"o$ er! 'artner!, )e)ber! of a!!ociation! or or&aniBation! re&i!tere wit" t"e Co))i!!ion; b5 Controver!ie! ari!in& o(t of intra-cor'orate or 'artner!"i' re$ation!, between an a)on& !tocA"o$ er!, )e)ber! or a!!ociate!; between an1 or a$$ of t"e) an t"e cor'oration, 'artner!"i' or a!!ociation of w"ic" t"e1 are !tocA"o$ er!, )e)ber! or a!!ociate!, re!'ective$1; an between !(c" cor'oration, 'artner!"i' or a!!ociation an t"e !tate in!ofar a! it concern! t"eir in ivi (a$ franc"i!e or ri&"t to e6i!t a! !(c" entit1; c5 Controver!ie! in t"e e$ection or a''oint)ent! of irector!, tr(!tee!, officer! or )ana&er! of !(c" cor'oration!, 'artner!"i'! or a!!ociation!? Disposition Petition <RA;#E3? H(e!tione or er! of SEC, !et a!i e?

25

PARTIES W-! D%( 6e p%" ie# JUASIN/ HARDWARE V MENDOZA 115 SCRA 9>. <IERRERO; ,($1 .0, 1->2
NATURE S'ecia$ Civi$ Action for certiorari FACTS - ,(a!in& :ar ware, a$$e&in& to be a !in&$e 'ro'rietor!"i' ($1 or&aniBe an e6i!tin& (n er an b1 virt(e of t"e $aw! of t"e P"i$i''ine! an re're!ente b1 it! )ana&er On& 7on Con&, fi$e a co)'$aint for t"e co$$ection of a !() of )one1 a&ain!t Pi$ar 3o$$a? - In "er An!wer, efen ant !tate t"at !"e *"a! no Anow$e &e abo(t '$aintiffD! $e&a$ 'er!ona$it1 an ca'acit1 to !(e a! a$$e&e in t"e co)'$aint?* - After '$aintiff "a co)'$ete t"e 're!entation of it! evi ence an re!te it! ca!e, efen ant fi$e a Motion for 3i!)i!!a$ of Action 43e)(rrer to Evi ence5 ba!e on '$aintiffD! $acA of $e&a$ ca'acit1 to !(e? 3efen ant conten e t"at ,(a!in& :ar ware i! a !in&$e 'ro'rietor!"i', not a cor'oration or a 'artner!"i' ($1 re&i!tere in accor ance wit" $aw, an t"erefore i! not a 2(ri ica$ 'er!on wit" $e&a$ ca'acit1 to brin& an action in co(rt? P$aintiff fi$e an O''o!ition an )ove for t"e a )i!!ion of an A)en e Co)'$aint? - ,( &e Men oBa i!)i!!e t"e ca!e an enie a )i!!ion of t"e A)en e Co)'$aint? M+R wa! $iAewi!e enie ISSUES =O; t"e $ower co(rt co))itte &rave ab(!e of i!cretion w"en it i!)i!!e t"e ca!e an ref(!e to a )it t"e A)en e Co)'$aint HELD CES Ratio A efect in t"e e!i&nation of t"e 'artie! )a1 be !())ari$1 correcte at an! stage of the action 'rovi e no 're2( ice i! ca(!e t"ereb1 to t"e a ver!e 'art1? 4Sec? 4, R($e 10, Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt5 Reasoning 0 #"e co)'$aint in t"e co(rt be$ow !"o($ "ave been fi$e in t"e na)e of t"e owner of ,(a!in& :ar ware? #"e a$$e&ation! in t"e bo 1 of t"e co)? '$aint wo($ !"ow t"at t"e !(it i! bro(&"t b1 !(c" 'er!on AS 'ro'rietor or owner of t"e b(!ine!! con (cte (n er t"e na)e an !t1$e ,(a!in& :ar ware*? #"e e!cri'tive wor ! * oin& b(!ine!! a! ,(a!in& :ar wareD * )a1 be a e in t"e tit$e of t"e ca!e, a! i! c(!to)ari$1 one? - R($e . of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt , Sec? 1? ="o )a1 be 'artie!?On$1 nat(ra$ or 2(ri ica$ 'er!on! or entitie! a(t"oriBe b1 $aw )a1 be 'artie! in a civi$ action - Petitioner i! efinite$1 not a nat(ra$ 'er!on; nor i! it a 2(ri ica$ 'er!on a! efine in t"e ;ew Civi$ Co e of t"e P"i$i''ine!? 4 #"e $aw oe! not ve!t 2(ri ica$ or $e&a$ 'er!ona$it1 ('on t"e !o$e 'ro'rietor!"i' nor e)'ower it to fi$e or efen an action in co(rt? - :owever, t"e efect of t"e co)'$aint i! )ere$1 for)a$, not !(b!tantia$? S(b!tit(tion of t"e 'art1 '$aintiff wo($ not con!tit(te a c"an&e in t"e I entit1 of t"e 'artie!? - #"e co(rt! !"o($ be $ibera$ in a$$owin& a)en )ent! to '$ea in&! to avoi )($ti'$icit1 of !(it! an in or er t"at t "e rea$ controver!ie! between t"e 'artie! are 're!ente an t"e ca!e eci e on t"e )erit! wit"o(t (nnece!!ar1 e$a1? #"i! r($e a''$ie! wit" )ore rea!on an wit" &reater force w"en t"e a)en )ent !o(&"t to be )a e refer! to a )ere )atter of for) an no !(b!tantia$ ri&"t! are 're2( ice ? Dispositive Petition i! <RA;#E3?

AEUINO Lc!nc,""in+M
- It !"o($ a''ear in t"e a)en e co)'$aint 4a co'1 w"ic" wa! not attac"e to t"e 'etition5 t"at t"e '$aintiff i! On& :(a or :(at, oin& b(!ine!! (n er t"e tra ena)e, ,(a!in& :ar ware, an in t"e bo 1 of t"e co)'$aint t"e 'er!ona$ circ()!tance! of On& :(a !"o($ be !tate ?

P%" ie# in in e"e# CARILLO, /UYOT, SENOY, RISONAR, /ONZALES V. CA @DABON AND DABONA /R N!. =8==54 EUISUMBIN/< Sep eD6e" 85, 8BB5
NATURE Review on certiorari of eci!ion of Co(rt of A''ea$! FACTS - <onBa$e! fi$e co)'$aint 4action for !'ecific 'erfor)ance5 a&ain!t Manio !'!, !eeAin& e6ec(tion of ee of !a$e of 'ro'ert1 !"e bo(&"t fr Pri!ci$$a Manio? <onBa$e! !ai !"e ' own'a1)ent to Pri!ci$$a beca(!e !"e "a an SPA fro) "er !on Ari!tot$e, t"e owner of t"e $an ? - #C r($e in favor of <onBa$e!? <onBa$e! e'o!ite ba$ance wE t"e co(rt an fi$e )otion for e6ec(tion, wEc wa! wE rawn bec eci!ion wa!n0t !erve on efen ant!? S"eriff fina$$1 !erve a co'1 at an (n&o $1 "o(r of 12 )n? - #C0! eci!ion beca)e fina$ an e6ec(tor1? - #"e 3abon!, c$ai)in& to "ave bo(&"t t"e $an fr Ari!tot$e, fi$e before t"e CA a 'etition for ann($)ent of 2( &)ent an or er! of t"e #C? #"e1 a$$e&e t"at t"e eci!ion wa! voi for $acA of 2(ri! iction over t"eir 'er!on! a! t"e rea$ 'artie! in intere!t? CA i!!(e re!o$(tion re!trainin& #C fro) i)'$e)entin& it! eci!ion? :ence, t"i! 'etition b1 <onBa$e!? ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"ere wa! ba!i! to ann($ t"e eci!ion of t"e #C? 2? =O; t"e 3abon! can !eeA ann($)ent of t"e #C 2( &)ent HELD 1? CES? Ratio An action !"o($ be bro(&"t a&ain!t t"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t? #"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t i! t"e one w"o wo($ be benefite or in2(re b1 t"e 2( &)ent or i! t"e one entit$e to t"e avai$! of t"e !(it? Reasoning - ;a)e 'etitioner! "erein are Cari$$o 4Pre!i in& ,( &e5, <(1ot 4C$erA of Co(rt5, Seno1 43e'(t1 S"eriff5, Ri!onar 4Re&i!trar of 3ee !5, an <onBa$e!? Cari$$o, <(1ot, Seno1 an Ri!onar are not intere!te 'artie! beca(!e t"e1 wo($ not benefit fro) t"e affir)ative re$ief! !o(&"t? On$1 <onBa$e! re)ain! a! &en(ine 'art1-'etitioner in t"i! ca!e? - <onBa$e! in!i!t! t"at t"e 3abon! "ave no ri&"t to !eeA ann($)ent of t"e #C0! 2( &)ent bec t"e10re not 'artie! to t"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance ca!e? 7(t t"e 3abon! in!i!t t"at t"e1 are 'artie! in intere!t bec t"e1 are b(1er!, owner! an 'o!!e!!or! of t"e conte!te $an ? - #"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance ca!e bro(&"t b1 <onBa$e! to t"e #C na)e Pri!ci$$a Manio an "(!ban a! efen ant!? :owever, t"e $ot i! owne b1 Ari!tot$e, t"eir !on? Pri!ci$$a "a no intere!t on t"e $ot an can "ave no intere!t in t"e 2( &)ent of t"e #C? +ai$(re to i)'$ea Ari!tot$e Manio ren er! t"e 'rocee in&! in t"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance ca!e n($$ an voi ? 2? CES? Ratio A 'er!on nee not be a 'art1 to t"e 2( &)ent !o(&"t to be ann($$e ? ="at i! e!!entia$ i! t"at "e can 'rove t"at t"e 2( &)ent wa! obtaine b1 fra( an "e wo($ be a ver!e$1 affecte t"ereb1? Reasoning A$t"o(&" t"e 3abon! are not 'artie! to t"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance ca!e, an1 fin in& of e6trin!ic fra( wo($ a ver!e$1 affect t"eir owner!"i' an co($ be ba!i! of ann($)ent of 2( &)ent? In t"i! ca!e, <onBa$e! Anew of t"e !a$e of $ot b1 Ari!tot$e Manio to t"e 3abon! 1et <onBa$e! i not inc$( e t"e 3abon! in "er 'etition? #"i! i! e6trin!ic fra( ? Disposition Petition i! enie ?

SEPARATE OPINION
4 Art? 44? #"e fo$$owin& are 2(ri

ica$ 'er!on!@

415 #"e State an it! 'o$itica$ !(b ivi!ion!; 425 Ot"er cor'oration!, in!tit(tion! an entitie! for '(b$ic intere!t or '(r'o!e, create b1 $aw; t"eir 'er!ona$it1 be&in! a! !oon a! t"e1 "ave been con!tit(te accor in& to $aw; 4.5 Cor'oration!, 'artner!"i'! an a!!ociation! for 'rivate intere!t or '(r'o!e to w"ic" t"e $aw &rant! a 2(ri ica$ 'er!ona$it1, !e'arate an i!tinct fro) t"at of eac" !"are"o$ er, 'artner or )e)ber?

28

DEAN JOSE JOYA, CARMEN /UERRERO NAFPIL, ARMIDA SI/UION REYNA, e %*. '. PC//, EOEC. SEC. CATALINO MACARAI/, JR. P PC// CHAIRMAN MATEO A.T. CAPARAS
112 +CR! 234

'(b$ic$1 owne , 'etitioner! o not 'o!!e!! an1 c$ear $e&a$ ri&"t w"at!oever to /(e!tion t"eir a$$e&e (na(t"oriBe i!'o!ition? REASONIN/@ - 3()$ao v? Co)e$ec@ #"e r($e i! !ett$e t"at no /(e!tion invo$vin& t"e con!tit(tiona$it1 or va$i it1 of a $aw or &overn)enta$ act )a1 be "ear an eci e b1 t"e co(rt (n$e!! t"ere i! co)'$iance wit" t"e $e&a$ re/(i!ite! for 2( icia$ in/(ir1, na)e$1@ t hat the ,uestion must e raised ! the proper part!; t"at t"ere )(!t be an actual case or controvers!; t"at t"e /(e!tion )(!t be raised at the earliest possi le opportunit! ; an , t"at t"e eci!ion on t"e con!tit(tiona$ or $e&a$ /(e!tion must e necessar! to t"e eter)ination of t"e ca!e it!e$f? 7(t t"e )o!t i)'ortant are t"e fir!t two 425 re/(i!ite!? - SC@ we "ave "e$ t"at one "avin& no ri&"t or intere!t to 'rotect cannot invoAe t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt a! 'art1-'$aintiff in an action? 4S(!ti&(er v? #a)a1o, <?R? ;o? L-2-.415 - #"i! i! 're)i!e on Sec? 2, R($e ., of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, w"ic" 'rovi e! t"at ever1 action )(!t be 'ro!ec(te an efen e in t"e na)e of t"e rea$ 'art1-in-intere!t, an t"at a$$ 'er!on! "avin& intere!t in t"e !(b2ect of t"e action an in obtainin& t"e re$ief e)an e !"a$$ be 2oine a! '$aintiff!? - #"e Co(rt wi$$ e6erci!e it! 'ower of 2( icia$ review on$1 if t"e ca!e i! bro(&"t before it b1 a 'art1 w"o "a! t"e $e&a$ !tan in& to rai!e t"e con!tit(tiona$ or $e&a$ /(e!tion? ILe+%* # %n)in+I )ean! a 'er!ona$ an !(b!tantia$ intere!t in t"e ca!e !(c" t"at t"e 'art1 "a! !(!taine or wi$$ !(!tain irect in2(r1 a! a re!($t of t"e &overn)enta$ act t"at i! bein& c"a$$en&e ? #"e ter) Iin e"e# I i! )ateria$ intere!t, an intere!t in i!!(e an to be affecte b1 t"e ecree, a! i!tin&(i!"e fro) )ere intere!t in t"e /(e!tion invo$ve , or a )ere inci enta$ intere!t 4:o(!e Internationa$ 7(i$ in& #enant! A!!ociation, Inc? v? Inter)e iate A''e$$ate Co(rt, <?R? ;o? L952>95 - Moreover, t"e intere!t of t"e 'art1 '$aintiff )(!t be 'er!ona$ an not one ba!e on a e!ire to vin icate t"e con!tit(tiona$ ri&"t of !o)e t"ir an re$ate 'art1? - #aPa a v? #(vera @ #"ere are certain in!tance! "owever w"en t"i! Co(rt "a! a$$owe e6ce'tion! to t"e r($e on $e&a$ !tan in&, a! w"en a citiBen brin&! a ca!e for )an a)(! to 'roc(re t"e enforce)ent of a '(b$ic (t1 for t"e f($fi$$)ent of a '(b$ic ri&"t reco&niBe b1 t"e Con!tit(tion, an 4Pa!c(a$ v? Secretar1 of P(b$ic =orA!5 w"en a ta6'a1er /(e!tion! t"e va$i it1 of a &overn)enta$ act a(t"oriBin& t"e i!b(r!e)ent of '(b$ic f(n !? -AS re&ar ! Man a)(!@ it oe! not f($fi$$ t"e criteria for a )an a)(! !(it? -egaspi v. Civil Service Commission@ a writ of )an a)(! )a1 be i!!(e to a citiBen on$1 w"en t"e '(b$ic ri&"t to be enforce an t"e conco)itant (t1 of t"e !tate are (ne/(ivocab$1 !et fort" in t"e Con!tit(tion? -In t"e ca!e at bar, 'etitioner! are not after t"e f($fi$$)ent of a 'o!itive (t1 re/(ire of re!'on ent officia$! (n er t"e 1->9 Con!tit(tion? ="at t"e1 !eeA i! t"e en2oinin& of an officia$ act beca(!e it i! con!tit(tiona$$1 infir)e ? Moreover, 'etitioner!D c$ai) for t"e contin(e en2o1)ent an a''reciation b1 t"e '(b$ic of t"e artworA! i! at )o!t a 'rivi$e&e an i! (nenforceab$e a! a con!tit(tiona$ ri&"t in t"i! action for )an a)(!? -A! re&ar ! #a6'a1er0! S(it@ ;eit"er can t"i! 'etition be a$$owe a! a ta6'a1erD! !(it? ;ot ever1 action fi$e b1 a ta6'a1er can /(a$if1 to c"a$$en&e t"e $e&a$it1 of officia$ act! one b1 t"e &overn)ent? - A ta6'a1erD! !(it can 'ro!'er on$1 if t"e &overn)enta$ act! bein& /(e!tione invo$ve i!b(r!e)ent of '(b$ic f(n ! ('on t"e t"eor1 t"at t"e e6'en it(re of '(b$ic f(n ! b1 an officer of t"e !tate for t"e '(r'o!e of a )ini!terin& an (ncon!tit(tiona$ act con!tit(te! a )i!a''$ication of !(c" f(n !, w"ic" )a1 be en2oine at t"e re/(e!t of a ta6'a1er? - -Obvio(!$1, 'etitioner! are not c"a$$en&in& an1 e6'en it(re invo$vin& '(b$ic f(n ! b(t t"e i!'o!ition of w"at t"e1 a$$e&e to be '(b$ic 'ro'ertie!? It i! wort"1 to note t"at 'etitioner! a )it t"at t"e 'aintin&! an anti/(e !i$verware were ac/(ire fro) 'rivate !o(rce! an not wit" '(b$ic )one1?

BELLOSILLO0 A,+,# 89, =>>1

NATURE@ S'ecia$ Civi$ Action for P"!-i6i i!n an M%n)%D,# wit" Pra1er for P"e*iDin%"( In.,nc i!n %n)0!" Re# "%inin+ O")e" !eeA to en2oin t"e Pre!i entia$ Co))i!!ion on <oo <overn)ent 4PC<<5 fro) 'rocee in& wit" t"e !c"e ($e a(ction !a$e b1 C"ri!tie0! 4of ;C5 of t"e O$ Ma!ter! Paintin&! an 1>t" an 1-t" cent(r1 !i$verware !eiBe fro) Ma$acaPan& an t"e Metro'o$itan M(!e() of Mani$a an '$ace in t"e c(!to 1 of t"e Centra$ 7anA? FACTS? - Pre!? A/(ino, t"ro(&" E6ec? Sec? Macarai&, ,r?, a(t"oriBe C"air)an Ca'ara! to !i&n t"e Con!i&n)ent A&ree)ent a$$owin& t"e a(ction !a$e of >2 O$ Ma!ter! Paintin&! an anti/(e !i$verware !eiBe fro) Ma$acaPan& an t"e Metro'o$itan M(!e() of Mani$a a$$e&e to be 'art of t"e i$$-&otten wea$t" of t"e $ate Pre!i ent Marco!, "i! re$ative! an cronie!? - Accor in& to t"e a&ree)ent, PC<< !"a$$ con!i&n to C:RIS#IEDS for !a$e at '(b$ic a(ction t"e >2 O$ Ma!ter! Paintin&! t"en fo(n at t"e Metro'o$itan M(!e() of Mani$a a! we$$ a! t"e !i$verware containe in 91 carton! in t"e c(!to 1 of t"e Centra$ 7anA of t"e P"i$i''ine!, an !(c" ot"er 'ro'ert1 a! )a1 !(b!e/(ent$1 be i entifie b1 PC<< an acce'te b1 C:RIS#IEDS to be !(b2ect to t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e a&ree)ent? - PC<< t"ro(&" it! new C"air)an 3avi M? Ca!tro, wrote Pre!? A/(ino efen in& t"e Con!i&n)ent A&ree)ent an ref(tin& t"e a$$e&ation! of COA( it C"air)an 3o)in&o 4t"at t"e a(t"orit1 of for)er PC<< C"air)an Ca'ara! to enter into t"e Con!i&n)ent A&ree)ent wa! of o(btf($ $e&a$it1; t"e contract wa! "i&"$1 i!a vanta&eo(! to t"e &overn)ent; PC<< "a a 'oor tracA recor in a!!et i!'o!a$ b1 a(ction in t"e I?S?; an , t"e a!!et! !(b2ect of a(ction were "i!torica$ re$ic! an "a c($t(ra$ !i&nificance, "ence, t"eir i!'o!a$ wa! 'ro"ibite b1 $aw? - 3irector of ;ationa$ M(!e() <abrie$ S? Ca!a$ i!!(e a certification t"at t"e ite)! !(b2ect of t"e Con!i&n)ent A&ree)ent did not fall $ithin the classification of protected cultural properties and did not specificall! ,ualif! as part of the 5ilipino cultural heritage. :ence, t"i! 'etition? - After t"e ora$ ar&()ent! of t"e 'artie!, t"e a''$ication for 're$i)inar1 in2(nction to re!train t"e !c"e ($e !a$e of t"e artworA! wa! 3E;IE3 on t"e &ro(n t"at 'etitioner! "a not 're!ente a c$ear $e&a$ ri&"t to a re!trainin& or er an t"at 'ro'er 'artie! "a not been i)'$ea e ? - #"e !a$e at '(b$ic a(ction 'rocee e a! !c"e ($e an t"e 'rocee ! of Z1.,.02,804?>8 were t(rne over to t"e 7(rea( of #rea!(r1? - On )otion of 'etitioner!, 12 )ore were 2oine a! a itiona$ 'etitioner! an Cata$ino Macarai&, ,r?, in "i! ca'acit1 a! for)er E6ec(tive Secretar1, t"e inc()bent E6ec(tive Secretar1, an C"air)an Mateo A?#? Ca'ara! were i)'$ea e a! a itiona$ re!'on ent!? ISSUE@ =O; t"e in!tant 'etition co)'$ie! wit" t"e $e&a$ re/(i!ite! for t"i! Co(rt to e6erci!e it! 'ower of 2( icia$ review over t"i! ca!e? HELD@ ;O? #"e 'aintin&! an !i$verware, w"ic" were taAen fro) Ma$acaPan& an t"e Metro'o$itan M(!e() of Mani$a an tran!ferre to t"e Centra$ 7anA M(!e() 4t"e owner!"i' of t"e!e 'aintin&! $e&a$$1 be$on&! to t"e fo(n ation or cor'oration or t"e )e)ber! t"ereof?5 - #"e confi!cation of t"e!e 'ro'ertie! b1 t"e A/(ino a )ini!tration "owever !"o($ not be (n er!too to )ean t"at t"e owner!"i' of t"e!e 'aintin&! "a! a(to)atica$$1 'a!!e on t"e &overn)ent wit"o(t co)'$1in& wit" con!tit(tiona$ an !tat(tor1 re/(ire)ent! of (e 'roce!! an 2(!t co)'en!ation? If t"e!e 'ro'ertie! were a$rea 1 ac/(ire b1 t"e &overn)ent, an1 con!tit(tiona$ or !tat(tor1 efect in t"eir ac/(i!ition an t"eir !(b!e/(ent i!'o!ition )(!t be rai!e on$1 b1 t"e 'ro'er 'artie! - t"e tr(e owner! t"ereof -w"o!e a(t"orit1 to recover e)anate! fro) t"eir 'ro'rietar1 ri&"t! w"ic" are 'rotecte b1 !tat(te! an t"e Con!tit(tion? :avin& fai$e to !"ow t"at t"e1 are t"e $e&a$ owner! of t"e artworA! or t"at t"e va$(e 'iece! "ave beco)e

DISPOSITIVE@ #"e 'etition )an a)(! i! DISMISSED.

for

'ro"ibition

an

OPOSA V FACTORAN 889 SCRA 2>8 DAVIDE JR< JULY 1B, =>>1

29 NATURE S'ecia$ civi$ action for certiorari of t"e i!)i!!a$ or er FACTS #"e controver!1 "a! it! &ene!i! in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -0-999 w"ic" wa! fi$e before 7ranc" 88 4MaAati, Metro Mani$a5 of t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt 4R#C5, ;ationa$ Ca'ita$ ,( icia$ Re&ion? #"e 'rinci'a$ '$aintiff! t"erein, now t"e 'rinci'a$ 'etitioner!, are a$$ )inor! ($1 re're!ente an 2oine b1 t"eir re!'ective 'arent!? I)'$ea e a! an a itiona$ '$aintiff i! t"e P"i$i''ine Eco$o&ica$ ;etworA, Inc? 4PE;I5, a o)e!tic, non-!tocA an non-'rofit cor'oration or&aniBe for t"e '(r'o!e of, inter a$ia, en&a&in& in concerte action &eare for t"e 'rotection of o(r environ)ent an nat(ra$ re!o(rce!? #"e ori&ina$ efen ant wa! t"e :onorab$e +($&encio S? +actoran, ,r?, t"en Secretar1 of t"e 3e'art)ent of Environ)ent an ;at(ra$ Re!o(rce! 43E;R5? :i! !(b!tit(tion in t"i! 'etition b1 t"e new Secretar1, t"e :onorab$e An&e$ C? A$ca$a, wa! !(b!e/(ent$1 or ere ('on 'ro'er )otion b1 t"e 'etitioner!? #"e co)'$aint wa! in!tit(te a! a ta6'a1er!D c$a!! !(it an a$$e&e! t"at t"e '$aintiff! *are a$$ citiBen! of t"e Re'(b$ic of t"e P"i$i''ine!, ta6'a1er!, an entit$e to t"e f($$ benefit, (!e an en2o1)ent of t"e nat(ra$ re!o(rce trea!(re t"at i! t"e co(ntr1D! vir&in tro'ica$ rainfore!t!?* #"e !a)e wa! fi$e for t"e)!e$ve! an ot"er! w"o are e/(a$$1 concerne abo(t t"e 're!ervation of !ai re!o(rce b(t are *!o n()ero(! t"at it i! i)'racticab$e to brin& t"e) a$$ before t"e Co(rt?* #"e )inor! f(rt"er a!!everate t"at t"e1 *re're!ent t"eir &eneration a! we$$ a! &eneration! 1et (nborn?* Con!e/(ent$1, it i! 'ra1e for t"at 2( &)ent be ren ere @ *? ? ? or erin& efen ant, "i! a&ent!, re're!entative! an ot"er 'er!on! actin& in "i! be"a$f to G 415 Cance$ a$$ e6i!tin& ti)ber $icen!e a&ree)ent! in t"e co(ntr1; 425 Cea!e an e!i!t fro) receivin&, acce'tin&, 'roce!!in&, renewin& or a''rovin& new ti)ber $icen!e a&ree)ent!?* an &rantin& t"e '$aintiff! *? ? ? !(c" ot"er re$ief! 2(!t an e/(itab$e (n er t"e 're)i!e!?* -#"e ori&ina$ efen ant, Secretar1 +actoran, ,r?, fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint ba!e on two 425 &ro(n !, na)e$1@ 415 t"e '$aintiff! "ave no ca(!e of action a&ain!t "i) an 425 t"e i!!(e rai!e b1 t"e '$aintiff! i! a 'o$itica$ /(e!tion w"ic" 'ro'er$1 'ertain! to t"e $e&i!$ative or e6ec(tive branc"e! of <overn)ent? In t"eir O''o!ition to t"e Motion, t"e 'etitioner! )aintain t"at 415 t"e co)'$aint !"ow! a c$ear an (n)i!taAab$e ca(!e of action, 425 t"e )otion i! i$ator1 an 4.5 t"e action 're!ent! a 2(!ticiab$e /(e!tion a! it invo$ve! t"e efen antD! ab(!e of i!cretion? -S(b!e/(ent$1, re!'on ent ,( &e i!!(e an or er &rantin& t"e afore)entione )otion to i!)i!!? In t"e !ai or er, not on$1 wa! t"e efen antD! c$ai) G t"at t"e co)'$aint !tate! no ca(!e of action a&ain!t "i) an t"at it rai!e! a 'o$itica$ /(e!tion G !(!taine , t"e re!'on ent ,( &e f(rt"er r($e t"at t"e &rantin& of t"e re$ief! 'ra1e for wo($ re!($t in t"e i)'air)ent of contract! w"ic" i! 'ro"ibite b1 t"e f(n a)enta$ $aw of t"e $an ? -P$aintiff! t"(! fi$e t"e in!tant !'ecia$ civi$ action for certiorari (n er R($e 85 of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt an a!A t"i! Co(rt to re!cin an !et a!i e t"e i!)i!!a$ or er on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e re!'on ent ,( &e &rave$1 ab(!e "i! i!cretion in i!)i!!in& t"e action? A&ain, t"e 'arent! of t"e '$aintiff!-)inor! not on$1 re're!ent t"eir c"i$ ren, b(t "ave a$!o 2oine t"e $atter in t"i! ca!e? ISSUE =O; Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -0-999 i! a c$a!! !(it HELD CES? #"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e co)'$aint i! of co))on an &enera$ intere!t not 2(!t to !evera$, b(t to a$$ citiBen! of t"e P"i$i''ine!? Con!e/(ent$1, !ince t"e 'artie! are !o n()ero(!, it beco)e! i)'racticab$e, if not tota$$1 i)'o!!ib$e, to brin& a$$ of t"e) before t"e co(rt? =e $iAewi!e ec$are t"at t"e '$aintiff! t"erein are n()ero(! an re're!entative eno(&" to en!(re t"e f($$ 'rotection of a$$ concerne intere!t!? :ence, a$$ t"e re/(i!ite! for t"e fi$in& of a va$i c$a!! !(it (n er Section 12, R($e . of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt are 're!ent bot" in t"e !ai civi$ ca!e an in t"e in!tant 'etition, t"e $atter bein& b(t an inci ent to t"e for)er? -#"i! ca!e, "owever, "a! a !'ecia$ an nove$ e$e)ent? Petitioner! )inor! a!!ert t"at t"e1 re're!ent t"eir &eneration a! we$$ a! &eneration! 1et (nborn? =e fin no iffic($t1 in r($in& t"at t"e1 can, for t"e)!e$ve!, for ot"er! of t"eir &eneration an for t"e !(ccee in& &eneration!, fi$e a c$a!! !(it? #"eir 'er!ona$it1 to !(e in be"a$f of t"e !(ccee in& &eneration! can on$1 be ba!e on t"e conce't of inter&enerationa$ re!'on!ibi$it1 in!ofar a! t"e ri&"t to a ba$ance an "ea$t"f($ eco$o&1 i! concerne ? S(c" a ri&"t, a! "ereinafter e6'o(n e , con!i er! t"e *r"1t") an "ar)on1 of nat(re?* ;at(re )ean! t"e create wor$ in it! entiret1? S(c" r"1t") an "ar)on1 in i!'en!ab$1 inc$( e, inter a$ia, t"e 2( icio(! i!'o!ition, (ti$iBation, )ana&e)ent, renewa$ an con!ervation of t"e co(ntr1D! fore!t, )inera$, $an , water!, fi!"erie!, wi$ $ife, off-!"ore area! an ot"er nat(ra$ re!o(rce! to t"e en t"at t"eir e6'$oration, eve$o')ent an (ti$iBation be e/(itab$1 acce!!ib$e to t"e 're!ent a! we$$ a! f(t(re &eneration!? ;ee $e!! to !a1, ever1 &eneration "a! a re!'on!ibi$it1 to t"e ne6t to 're!erve t"at r"1t") an "ar)on1 for t"e f($$ en2o1)ent of a ba$ance an "ea$t"f($ eco$o&1? P(t a $itt$e ifferent$1, t"e )inor!D a!!ertion of t"eir ri&"t to a !o(n environ)ent con!tit(te!, at t"e !a)e ti)e, t"e 'erfor)ance of t"eir ob$i&ation to en!(re t"e 'rotection of t"at ri&"t for t"e &eneration! to co)e? Dispositive Petition granted. Challenged order set aside.

FINDS OF PARTIES C!Dp,*#!"( .!in)e" !& in)i#pen#%6*e p%" ie# ARCELONA V. CA @FARNACIOA /.R. N!. =B8>BB PAN/ANIBAN< Oc . 8, =>>2
NATURE Petition for review FACTS -O$an a1, et a$? 4'etitioner!5 are co-owner! 'ro-in ivi!o of a fi!"'on w"ic" t"e1 in"erite fro) t"eir ecea!e 'arent!? -A contract of $ea!e over t"e fi!"'on wa! e6ec(te between Ci'riano #an oc an O$an a1, et a$? -Private Re!'on ent Moi!e! +arnacio wa! a''ointe in t(rn b1 #an oc a! caretaAer-tenant of t"e !a)e fi!"'on ? -After t"e ter)ination of t"e $ea!e contract, t"e $e!!ee 4#an oc5 !(rren ere 'o!!e!!ion of t"e $ea!e 're)i!e! to t"e $e!!or!, O$an a1, et a$? -#"ree a1! t"ereafter, +arnacio in!tit(te Civi$ Ca!e for *'eacef($ 'o!!e!!ion, )aintenance of !ec(rit1 of ten(re '$(! a)a&e!, wit" )otion for t"e i!!(ance of an inter$oc(tor1 or er* a&ain!t O$an a1, et a$?, before Re!'on ent Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt? #"e ca!e wa! inten e to )aintain 'rivate re!'on ent a! tenant of t"e fi!"'on ? -R#C r($e in favor of +arnacio -IAC affir)e wit" !$i&"t )o ification -SC !(!taine IAC -Petitioner! fi$e wit" CA a 'etition for ann($)ent of t"e afore!ai 2( &)ent? CA !ai to i)'$ea R#C -3i!!ati!fie , 'etitioner! $o &e t"i! 'etition for review ISSUES 1? =O; a fina$ 2( &)ent )a1 be ann($$e on t"e &ro(n of $acA of 2(ri! iction 4over t"e !(b2ect )atter an Eor over t"e 'er!on of in i!'en!ab$e 'artie!5 an enia$ of (e 'roce!!, a!i e fro) e6trin!ic fra( Q 2? =O; a$$ t"e co-owner! 'ro-in ivi!o of a rea$ 'ro'ert1 in i!'en!ab$e 'artie!Q HELD =. YES. Ratio. In er t"e 're!ent 'roce (re, a!i e fro) t"e re$ief! 'rovi e in t"e!e two !ection! 4Sec!? 1 N 2, R($e .>5, t"ere i! no ot"er )ean! w"ereb1 t"e efeate 'art1 )a1 'roc(re fina$ an e6ec(tor1 2( &)ent to be !et a!i e wit" a view to t"e renewa$ of t"e $iti&ation, (n$e!! 4a5 t"e 2( &)ent i! voi for want of 2(ri! iction or for $acA of (e 'roce!! of $aw, or 4b5 it "a! been obtaine b1 fra( ?D 4I MoranD! R($e! of Co(rt 1-50 E ?, '? 8-9, citin& An(ran v? A/(ino, .> P"i$? 2-; 7anco E!'aPo$+i$i'ino v? Pa$anca, .9 P"i$? -215? Rea!on of '(b$ic 'o$ic1 w"ic" favor! t"e !tabi$it1 of 2( icia$ eci!ion! are 4!ic5 )(te in t"e 're!ence of fra( w"ic" t"e $aw ab"or! 4<arc"itorena v!? Sote$o, 94 P"i$? 255?

2> Reasoning ,(ri! iction i! conferre b1 $aw? It! e6erci!e )(!t !trict$1 co)'$1 wit" t"e $e&a$ re/(i!ite!; ot"erwi!e, a c"a$$en&e on t"e &ro(n of $acA of 2(ri! iction )a1 be bro(&"t (' an1ti)e? S(c" 2(ri! iction nor)a$$1 refer! to 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect? 8. YES. Ratio Co-owner! in an action for t"e !ec(rit1 of ten(re of a tenant are enco)'a!!e wit"in t"e efinition of in i!'en!ab$e 'artie!; t"(!, a$$ of t"e) )(!t be i)'$ea e ? Reasoning A! "e$ b1 t"e S('re)e Co(rt, were t"e co(rt! to 'er)it an action in e2ect)ent to be )aintaine b1 a 'er!on "avin& )ere$1 an (n ivi e intere!t in an1 &iven tract of $an , a 2( &)ent in favor of t"e efen ant! wo($ not be conc$(!ive a! a&ain!t t"e ot"er co-owner! not 'artie! to t"e !(it, an t"(! t"e efen ant in 'o!!e!!ion of t"e 'ro'ert1 )i&"t be "ara!!e b1 a! )an1 !(ccee in& action! of e2ect)ent, a! t"ere )i&"t be co-owner! of t"e tit$e a!!erte a&ain!t "i)? #"e '(r'o!e of t"i! 'rovi!ion wa! to 'revent )($ti'$icit1 of !(it! b1 re/(irin& t"e 'er!on a!!ertin& a ri&"t a&ain!t t"e efen ant to inc$( e wit" "i), eit"er a! co-'$aintiff! or a! co- efen ant!, a$$ 'er!on! !tan in& in t"e !a)e 'o!ition, !o t"at t"e w"o$e )atter in i!'(te )a1 be eter)ine once an for a$$ in one $iti&ation? Disposition PE#I#IO; <RA;#E3? NATURE A''ea$ b1 certiorari fro) t"e or er of t"e R#C of 7a&(io FACTS -Petitioner Re)e io +$ore! fi$e a co)'$aint wit" t"e R#C of 7a&(io@ "i! fir!t ca(!e of action wa! a&ain!t re!'on ent I&nacio 7inon&ca$ for ref(!in& to 'a1 t"e a)o(nt of P11,84.?00 re're!entin& co!t of tr(cA tire! w"ic" "e '(rc"a!e on cre it fro) 'etitioner on vario(! occa!ion! fro) A(&(!t to October, 1->1; an t"e !econ ca(!e of action wa! a&ain!t re!'on ent +ernan o Ca$ion for a$$e&e $1 ref(!in& to 'a1 t"e a)o(nt of P10,212?00 re're!entin& co!t of tr(cA tire! w"ic" "e '(rc"a!e on cre it fro) 'etitioner on !evera$ occa!ion! fro) Marc", 1->1 to ,an(ar1, 1->2? -On 3ece)ber 15, 1->., co(n!e$ for re!'on ent 7inon&ca$ fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n of $acA of 2(ri! iction !ince t"e a)o(nt of t"e e)an a&ain!t !ai re!'on ent wa! on$1 P11,84.?00, an (n er Section 1-4>5 of 7P12- t"e re&iona$ tria$ co(rt !"a$$ e6erci!e e6c$(!ive ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction if t"e a)o(nt of t"e e)an i! )ore t"an twent1 t"o(!an 'e!o! 4P20,000?005? -It wa! f(rt"er averre in !ai )otion t"at a$t"o(&" anot"er 'er!on, +ernan o Ca$ion, wa! a$$e&e $1 in ebte to 'etitioner in t"e a)o(nt of P10,212?00, "i! ob$i&ation wa! !e'arate an i!tinct fro) t"at of t"e ot"er re!'on ent? -At t"e "earin& of !ai Motion to 3i!)i!!, co(n!e$ for re!'on ent Ca$ion 2oine in )ovin& for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n of $acA of 2(ri! iction? -R#C i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint for $acA of 2(ri! iction? -Petitioner a''ea$e b1 certiorari to t"e SC ISSUE =O; t"e a''$ication of t"e tota$it1 r($e in Sec ..415 5 of 7P 12- an Section 118 of t"e interi) r($e! i! !(b2ect to 'er)i!!ive 2oin er of 'artie! (n er Sec 89 of R($e . HELD Petitioner )aintain! t"at t"e R#C "a! 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e fo$$owin& t"e *nove$* tota$it1 r($e intro (ce in Section ..4$5 of 7P12an Section 11 of t"e Interi) R($e!? -Petitioner co)'are! t"e above-/(ote 'rovi!ion! wit" t"e for)er r($e (n er Section >> of t"e ,( iciar1 Act of 1-4> a! a)en e w"ic" rea ! a! fo$$ow!@ ="ere t"ere are !evera$ c$ai)! or ca(!e! of action between t"e !a)e 'artie! e)bo ie in t"e !a)e co)'$aint, t"e a)o(nt of t"e e)an !"a$$ be t"e tota$it1 of t"e e)an in a$$ t"e ca(!e! of action, irre!'ective of w"et"er t"e ca(!e! of action aro!e o(t of t"e !a)e or ifferent tran!action!; b(t w"ere t"e c$ai)! or ca(!e! of action 2oine in a !in&$e co)'$aint are !e'arate$1 owne b1 or (e to ifferent 'artie!, eac" !e'arate c$ai) !"a$$ f(rni!" t"e 2(ri! ictiona$ te!t, an ar&(e! t"at wit" t"e e$etion of t"e 'rovi!o in t"e for)er r($e, t"e tota$it1 r($e wa! re (ce to c$arit1 an brevit1 an t"e 2(ri! ictiona$ te!t i! t"e tota$it1 of t"e c$ai)! in a$$, not in eac", of t"e ca(!e! of action, irre!'ective of w"et"er t"e ca(!e! of action aro!e o(t of t"e !a)e or ifferent tran!action!? -#"i! ar&()ent i! 'art$1 correct? #"ere i! no ifference between t"e
5 Provi e ,#"at w"ere t"ere are !evera$ c$ai)! or ca(!e! of action between t"e !a)e or ifferent 'artie!, e)bo ie in t"e !a)e co)'$aint, t"e a)o(nt of t"e e)an !"a$$ be t"e tota$it1 of t"e c$ai)! in a$$ t"e ca(!e! of action, irre!'ective of w"et"er t"e ca(!e! of action aro!e o(t of t"e !a)e or ifferent tran!action!? ??? 6 A''$ication of t"e tota$it1 r($e?-In action! w"ere t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt i! e'en ent on t"e a)o(nt invo$ve , t"e te!t of 2(ri! iction !"a$$ be t"e a&&re&ate !() of a$$ t"e )one1 e)an !, e6c$(!ive on$1 of intere!t an co!t!, irre!'ective of w"et"er or not t"e !e'arate c$ai)! are owne b1 or (e to ifferent 'artie!? If an1 e)an i! for a)a&e! in a civi$ action, t"e a)o(nt t"ereof )(!t be !'ecifica$$1 a$$e&e ? 7 Per)i!!ive 2oin er of 'artie!?-A$$ 'er!on! in w"o) or a&ain!t w"o) an1 ri&"t to re$ief in re!'ect to or ari!in& o(t of t"e !a)e tran!action or !erie! of tran!action! i! a$$e&e to e6i!t, w"et"er 2oint$1, !evera$$1, or in t"e a$ternative, )a1, e6ce't a! ot"erwi!e 'rovi e in t"e!e r($e!, 2oin a! '$aintiff! or be 2oine a! efen ant! in one co)'$aint, w"ere an1 /(e!tion of $aw or fact co))on to a$$ !(c" '$aintiff! or to a$$ !(c" efen ant! )a1 ari!e in t"e action; b(t t"e co(rt )a1 )aAe !(c" or er! a! )a1 be 2(!t to 'revent an1 '$aintiff or efen ant fro) bein& e)barra!!e or '(t to e6'en!e in aconnection wit" an1 'rocee in&! in w"ic" "e )a1 "ave no intere!t?

CEREZO V. TUAZON /.R. N!. =9=41: CARPIO< M%"c- 81, 8BB9

NATURE Petition for review on certiorari FACTS -Co(ntr1 7(! Line! 'a!!en&er b(! wit" '$ate n()ber ;CA 241 co$$i e wit" a tric1c$e? -tric1c$e river #(aBon fi$e a co)'$aint for a)a&e! a&ain!t Mr!? CereBo, a! owner of t"e b(! $ine, "er "(!ban Attorne1 ,(an CereBo 4*Att1? CereBo*5, an b(! river 3ani$o A? +oron a 4*+oron a*5? -Mr!? CereBo a!!ert! t"at t"e tria$ co(rt co($ not va$i $1 ren er 2( &)ent !ince it fai$e to ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over +oron a, an in i!'en!ab$e 'art1? Mr!? CereBo 'oint! o(t t"at t"ere wa! no !ervice of !())on! on +oron a? ISSUE 1? =O; +ron a i! an in i!'en!ab$e 'art1 HELD =. NO. Ratio CO.P56+OR7 JOI-D,R OF I-DI+P,-+!86, P!RTI,+. An in i!'en!ab$e 'art1 i! one w"o!e intere!t i! affecte b1 t"e co(rt0! action in t"e $iti&ation, an wit"o(t w"o) no fina$ re!o$(tion of t"e ca!e i! 'o!!ib$e Reasoning Mr!? CereBo0! $iabi$it1 a! an e)'$o1er in an action for a /(a!i- e$ict i! not on$1 !o$i ar1, it i! a$!o 'ri)ar1 an irect? +oron a i! not an in i!'en!ab$e 'art1 to t"e fina$ re!o$(tion of #(aBon0! action for a)a&e! a&ain!t Mr!? CereBo? #"e re!'on!ibi$it1 of two or )ore 'er!on! w"o are $iab$e for a /(a!i- e$ict i! !o$i ar1? ="ere t"ere i! a !o$i ar1 ob$i&ation on t"e 'art of ebtor!, a! in t"i! ca!e, eac" ebtor i! $iab$e for t"e entire ob$i&ation? :ence, eac" ebtor i! $iab$e to 'a1 for t"e entire ob$i&ation in f($$? #"ere i! no )er&er or ren(nciation of ri&"t!, b(t on$1 )(t(a$ re're!entation? ="ere t"e ob$i&ation of t"e 'artie! i! !o$i ar1, eit"er of t"e 'artie! i! in i!'en!ab$e, an t"e ot"er i! not even a nece!!ar1 'art1 beca(!e co)'$ete re$ief i! avai$ab$e fro) eit"er? #"erefore, 2(ri! iction over +oron a i! not even nece!!ar1 a! #(aBon )a1 co$$ect a)a&e! fro) Mr!? CereBo a$one? Di#p!#i i!n PE#I#IO; 3E;IE3?

Pe"Di##i'e J!in)e" FLORES V MALLARE-PHILLIPS =99 SCRA 122 FERIA< Sep eD6e" 89,=>:5

2for)er an 're!ent r($e! in ca!e! w"ere a '$aintiff !(e! a efen ant on two or )ore !e'arate ca(!e! of action? In !(c" ca!e!, t"e a)o(nt of t"e e)an !"a$$ be t"e tota$it1 of t"e c$ai)! in a$$ t"e ca(!e! of action irre!'ective of w"et"er t"e ca(!e! of action aro!e o(t of t"e !a)e or ifferent tran!action!? -#"ere i! a ifference between t"e for)er an 're!ent r($e! in ca!e! w"ere two or )ore '$aintiff! "avin& !e'arate ca(!e! of action a&ain!t a efen ant 2oine in a !in&$e co)'$aint? -In er t"e for)er r($e, *w"ere t"e c$ai)! or ca(!e! of action 2oine in a !in&$e co)'$aint are !e'arate$1 owne b1 or (e to ifferent 'artie!, eac" !e'arate c$ai) !"a$$ f(rni!" t"e 2(ri! ictiona$ te!t?L A! wor e , t"e for)er r($e a''$ie on$1 to ca!e! of 'er)i!!ive 2oin er of 'artie! '$aintiff? :owever, it wa! a$!o a''$icab$e to ca!e! of 'er)i!!ive 2oin er of 'artie! efen ant? -In er t"e 're!ent $aw, -e ! %*i ( ",*e i# %pp*ie) %*#! ! c%#e# K-e"e K! !" D!"e p*%in i&&# -%'in+ #ep%"% e c%,#e# !& %c i!n %+%in# % )e&en)%n .!in in % #in+*e c!Dp*%in , %# Ke** %# ! c%#e# K-e"e % p*%in i&& -%# #ep%"% e c%,#e# !& %c i!n %+%in# K! !" D!"e )e&en)%n # .!ine) in % #in+*e c!Dp*%in . 9owever( the causes of action in favor of the two or $ore plaintiffs or against the two or $ore defendants should arise out of the sa$e transaction or series of transactions and there should &e a co$$on *uestion of law or fact( as provided in +ection 3 of Rule :. -In other words( in cases of per$issive joinder of parties( whether as plaintiffs or as defendants( under +ection 3 of Rule :( the total of all the clai$s shall now furnish the jurisdictional test ? ;ee $e!! to !tate a$!o, if in!tea of 2oinin& or bein& 2oine in one co)'$aint !e'arate action! are fi$e b1 or a&ain!t t"e 'artie!, t"e a)o(nt e)an e in eac" co)'$aint !"a$$ f(rni!" t"e 2(ri! ictiona$ te!t? -In the case at &ar( the lower court correctl% held that the jurisdictional test is su&ject to the rules on joinder of parties pursuant to +ection 2 of Rule 1 and +ection 3 of Rule : of the Rules of Court and that( after a careful scrutin% of the co$plaint( it appears that there is a $isjoinder of parties for the reason that the clai$s against respondents 8inongcal and Calion are separate and distinct and neither of which falls within its jurisdiction? Disposition #"e or er a''ea$e fro) i! affir)e ? 415 t"e 'rinte artic$e !(e ('on i! not actionab$e in fact an in $aw; an 425 t"e co)'$aint i! bereft of a$$e&ation! t"at !tate, )(c" $e!! !(''ort a ca(!e of action? It 'ointe o(t t"e non-$ibe$o(! nat(re of t"e artic$e an , con!e/(ent$1, t"e fai$(re of t"e co)'$aint to !tate a ca(!e of action? - ;O CAISE O+ AC#IO; beca(!e no a$$e&ation t"at an1t"in& containe in t"e artic$e re&ar in& !(&arcane '$anter! referre !'ecifica$$1 to an1 one of t"e 'rivate re!'on ent!; t"at $ibe$ can be co))itte on$1 a&ain!t in ivi (a$ re'(tation; an t"at in ca!e! w"ere $ibe$ i! c$ai)e to "ave been irecte at a &ro(', t"ere i! actionab$e efa)ation on$1 if t"e $ibe$ can be !ai to reac" be1on t"e )ere co$$ectivit1 to o a)a&e to a !'ecific, in ivi (a$ &ro(' )e)berD! re'(tation? ISSUE 1? =O; re!'on ent! fai$e to !tate a ca(!e of action 2? =O; t"i! ca!e i! a c$a!! !(it HELD 1? CES Ratio 3efa)ator1 )atter w"ic" oe! not revea$ t"e I entit1 of t"e 'er!on ('on w"o) t"e i)'(tation i! ca!t, affor ! no &ro(n of action (n$e!! it be !"own t"at t"e rea er! of t"e $ibe$ co($ "ave i entifie t"e 'er!ona$it1 of t"e in ivi (a$ efa)e ? It i! evi ent t"at t"e $ar&er t"e co$$ectivit1, t"e )ore iffic($t it i! for t"e in ivi (a$ )e)ber to 'rove t"at t"e efa)ator1 re)arA! a''$1 to "i)? 2? ;O Ratio It i! not a ca!e w"ere one or )ore )a1 !(e for t"e benefit of a$$ 4Mat"a1 v!? Con!o$i ate 7anA an #r(!t Co?5 or w"ere t"e re're!entation of c$a!! intere!t affecte b1 t"e 2( &)ent or ecree i! in i!'en!ab$e to )aAe eac" )e)ber of t"e c$a!! an act(a$ 'art1 47or$aBa v!? Po$i!tico5? 6e have here a case $here each of the plaintiffs has a separate and distinct reputation in the communit!? #"e1 o not "ave a co))on or &enera$ intere!t in t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e controver!1? CLASS SUIT - ="ere t"e efa)ation i! a$$e&e to "ave been irecte at a &ro(' or c$a!!, it i! e!!entia$ t"at t"e !tate)ent )(!t be #! #Keepin+ !" %**eD6"%cin+ %# ! %pp*( ! e'e"( in)i'i),%* in -% +"!,p !" c*%## , or #,&&icien *( #peci&ic !o t"at eac" in ivi (a$ in t"e c$a!! or &ro(' can 'rove t"at t"e efa)ator1 !tate)ent !'ecifica$$1 'ointe to "i), !o t"at "e can brin& t"e action !e'arate$1, if nee be? Disposition #"e eci!ion of t"e Inter)e iate A''e$$ate Co(rt i! rever!e an t"e co)'$aint in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 15>12 of t"e C+I ;e&ro! Occi enta$ i! i!)i!!e , wit"o(t 'rono(nce)ent a! to co!t!?

C*%## #,i NEWSWEEF V IAC @NFSPI e . %*.A 142 SCRA 191 +ERIA; Ma1 .0, 1->8
NATURE S'ecia$ action for certiorari, 'ro"ibition wit" 're$i)inar1 in2(nction FACTS - Petitioner, ;E=S=EEU, Inc? !eeA! to ann($ t"e eci!ion of t"e IAC !(!tainin& t"e Or er of t"e C+I 7aco$o Cit1? C+I enie ;ew!weeA0! Motion to 3i!)i!! co)'$aint for $ibe$? 4H(e!tion a! to w"et"er t"e 'rinte artic$e !(e ('on it! actionab$e or not i! a )atter of evi ence?5 - 4nitial complaint( Private re!'on ent!, incor'orate a!!ociation! of !(&arcane '$anter! in ;e&ro! Occi enta$ c$ai)in& to "ave >,500 )e)ber! an !evera$ in ivi (a$ !(&ar '$anter!, fi$e in -ei" !Kn 6e-%*& %n)0!" %# % c*%## #,i in 6e-%*& !& %** #,+%"c%ne p*%n e"# in -e p"!'ince !& Ne+"!# Occi)en %*, a&ain!t 'etitioner an two of 'etitioner!D non-re!i ent corre!'on ent!Ere'orter! +re 7r(nin& an 7arr1 Ca)e? - It wa! a$$e&e t"at t"e1 co))itte $ibe$ b1 t"e '(b$ication of t"e artic$e IAn I#*%n) !& Fe%"I in t"e +eb 2., 1->1 i!!(e of 'etitionerD! weeA$1 new! )a&aBine ?e$s$ee'? It !(''o!e $1 'ortra1e t"eir i!$an a! a '$ace o)inate b1 bi& $an owner! w"o not on$1 e6'$oite t"e i)'overi!"e an (n er'ai !(&arcane worAer!, b(t a$!o br(ta$iBe an Ai$$e t"e)? - Co)'$ainant! t"erein a$$e&e t"at #%i) %" ic*e, %7en %# % K-!*e, #-!Ke) % )e*i6e"% e %n) D%*ici!,# ,#e !& &%*#e-!!), #*%n e) p"e#en % i!n %n)0!" Di#"ep"e#en % i!n !& &%c #. - #"e1 'ra1e t"at efen ant! be or ere to 'a1 t"e) P$M a! act(a$ an co)'en!ator1 a)a&e!, an !(c" a)o(nt! for )ora$, e6e)'$ar1 an corrective a)a&e! a! t"e co(rt )a1 eter)ine? - ;E=S=EEU fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n ! t"at ---

MANILA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY ' RIVERA VILLA/E LESSEE HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION,INC. BB SCRA BB Tin+%, Sep eD6e" 1B, 8BB4
NATURE Petition for Review on Certiorari fi$e b1 t"e MIAA a!!ai$in& t"e 3eci!ion of t"e CA w"ic" irecte t"e i!!(ance of a writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction re!trainin& 'etitioner fro) evictin& t"e "o)eowner! of Rivera %i$$a&e fro) t"eir we$$in&!? FACTS -#"e t"en Civi$ Aerona(tic! A )ini!tration 4CAA5 wa! entr(!te wit" t"e a )ini!tration, o'eration, )ana&e)ent, contro$, )aintenance an eve$o')ent of t"e Mani$a Internationa$ Air'ort 4MIA5, now t"e ;AIA? #"e CAA entere into in ivi (a$ $ea!e contract! wit" it! e)'$o1ee! for t"e $ea!e of 'ortion! of a 4-"ectare $ot !it(ate in Rivera %i$$a&e, 7aran&a1 1-- an 200 in Pa!a1 Cit1? #"e $ea!e! were for a 25-1ear 'erio to co))ence on Ma1 25, 1-85 (' to Ma1 24, 1--0 at P20 'er ann() a! renta$? - #"ereafter, EO 99> wa! i!!(e 4$ater a)en e b1 EO -0.5, creatin& MIAA, tran!ferrin& e6i!tin& a!!et! of t"e MIA to MIAA, an ve!tin& t"e $atter wit" t"e 'ower to a )ini!ter an o'erate t"e MIA? - MIAA !to''e i!!(in& accr(e renta$ bi$$! an ref(!e to acce't renta$ 'a1)ent! fro) t"e $e!!ee!? A! a re!($t, re!'on ent

.0 "o)eowner! a!!ociation, '(r'orte $1 re're!entin& t"e $e!!ee!, re/(e!te MIAA to !e$$ t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ert1 to it! )e)ber!, invoAin& t"e 'rovi!ion! of P3 1519 or t"e Irban Lan Refor) Act an P3 2018? #"e MIAA enie t"e re/(e!t, c$ai)in& t"at t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ert1 i! inc$( e in it! Conce't(a$ 3eve$o')ent P$an inten e for air'ortre$ate activitie!? - Re!'on ent fi$e a 'etition for )an a)(! an 'ro"ibition wit" 'ra1er for t"e i!!(ance of a 're$i)inar1 in2(nction a&ain!t MIAA an t"e ;ationa$ :o(!in& A(t"orit1 4;:A5 wit" t"e R#C of Pa!a1? #"e 'etition !o(&"t to re!train t"e MIAA fro) i)'$e)entin& it! Conce't(a$ 3eve$o')ent P$an in!ofar a! Rivera %i$$a&e i! concerne an to co)'e$ MIAA to !e&re&ate Rivera %i$$a&e fro) t"e !co'e of t"e Conce't(a$ 3eve$o')ent P$an an t"e ;:A to taAe t"e nece!!ar1 !te'! for t"e i!'o!ition of t"e 'ro'ert1 in favor of t"e )e)ber! of t"e "o)eowner! a!!ociation? - After t"e 're$i)inar1, t"e R#C enie t"e 'ra1er for t"e i!!(ance of a te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er an Eor writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction an i!)i!!e t"e 'etition for $acA of )erit? #"e tria$ co(rt "e$ , a)on& ot"er!, t"at t"e 'etition fai$e to !tate a ca(!e of action ina!)(c" a! re!'on ent "o)eowner! a!!ociation i! not t"e rea$ 'art1-in-intere!t, t"e in ivi (a$ )e)ber! of t"e a!!ociation bein& t"e one! w"o "ave 'o!!e!!or1 ri&"t! over t"eir re!'ective 're)i!e!? Moreover, t"e $ea!e contract! "ave a$rea 1 e6'ire ? - I'on a''ea$, t"e CA ann($$e an !et a!i e t"e or er of t"e tria$ co(rt an re)an e t"e ca!e for f(rt"er 'rocee in&!? A writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction wa! i!!(e re!trainin& an 'reventin& re!'on ent MIAA fro) evictin& t"e )e)ber! of Rivera %i$$a&e A!!ociation fro) t"eir re!'ective $ot! in t"e Rivera %i$$a&e? #"e CA r($e t"at t"e ca!e can be con!tr(e a! a c$a!! !(it in!tit(te b1 t"e Rivera %i$$a&e $e!!ee!? #"e "o)eowner! a!!ociation, con!i ere a! t"e re're!entative of t"e $e!!ee!, )ere$1 in!tit(te t"e !(it for t"e benefit of it! )e)ber!? It oe! not c$ai) to "ave an1 ri&"t or intere!t in t"e $ot! occ('ie b1 t"e $e!!ee!, nor !eeA t"e re&i!tration of t"e tit$e! to t"e $an in it! na)e? - MIAA ar&(e! t"at t"e 'etition fi$e b1 t"e "o)eowner! a!!ociation wit" t"e tria$ co(rt fai$! to !tate a ca(!e of action beca(!e t"e "o)eowner! a!!ociation i! not t"e rea$ 'art1-in-intere!t in t"e !(it? A$$e&e $1, t"e 7oar Re!o$(tion 're!ente b1 re!'on ent !"ow! t"at it wa! on$1 t"e boar of irector! of t"e a!!ociation, a! i!tin&(i!"e fro) t"e )e)ber! t"ereof, w"ic" a(t"oriBe re!'on ent to act a! it! re're!entative in t"e !(it? ISSUE =O; t"e 'etition fi$e b1 re!'on ent wit" t"e tria$ co(rt !tate! a ca(!e of action a&ain!t 'etitionerE =O; re!'on ent "a! 'er!ona$it1 to !(e HELD YES #"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re re/(ire! t"at ever1 action )(!t be 'ro!ec(te or efen e in t"e na)e of t"e rea$ 'art1-in-intere!t, i?e?, t"e 'art1 w"o !tan ! to be benefite or in2(re b1 t"e 2( &)ent in t"e !(it, or t"e 'art1 entit$e to t"e avai$! of t"e !(it? A ca!e i! i!)i!!ib$e for $acA of 'er!ona$it1 to !(e ('on 'roof t"at t"e '$aintiff i! not t"e rea$ 'art1-in-intere!t, "ence &ro(n e on fai$(re to !tate a ca(!e of action? #"e 'etition before t"e tria$ co(rt wa! fi$e b1 t"e "o)eowner! a!!ociation, re're!ente b1 it! Pre!i ent, Panfi$o R? C"i(tena, Sr?, ('on a(t"orit1 of a 7oar Re!o$(tion e)'owerin& t"e $atter to fi$e *A$$ nece!!ar1 action to t"e Co(rt of ,(!tice an ot"er re$ate act! nece!!ar1 to "ave o(r :o(!in& Pro2ect n()ber 4 $an be tit$e to t"e )e)ber! of t"e A!!ociation?* Obvio(!$1, t"e 'etition cannot be con!i ere a c$a!! !(it (n er Sec? 12, R($e . of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, t"e re/(i!ite! t"erefor not bein& 're!ent in t"e ca!e, notab$1 beca(!e t"e 'etition oe! not a$$e&e t"e e6i!tence an 'rove t"e re/(i!ite! of a c$a!! !(it, i?e?, t"at t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e controver!1 i! one of co))on or &enera$ intere!t to )an1 'er!on! an t"e 'artie! are !o n()ero(! t"at it i! i)'racticab$e to brin& t"e) a$$ before t"e co(rt, an beca(!e it wa! bro(&"t on$1 b1 one 'art1? In 7oar of O'to)etr1 v? Co$et, it wa! "e$ t"at co(rt! )(!t e6erci!e (t)o!t ca(tion before a$$owin& a c$a!! !(it, w"ic" i! t"e e6ce'tion to t"e re/(ire)ent of 2oin er of a$$ in i!'en!ab$e 'artie!? +or w"i$e no iffic($t1 )a1 ari!e if t"e eci!ion !ec(re i! favorab$e to t"e '$aintiff!, a /(an ar1 wo($ re!($t if t"e eci!ion were ot"erwi!e a! t"o!e w"o were ee)e i)'$ea e b1 t"eir !e$f-a''ointe re're!entative! wo($ certain$1 c$ai) enia$ of (e 'roce!!? #"ere i!, "owever, )erit in t"e a''e$$ate co(rt! 'rono(nce)ent t"at t"e 'etition !"o($ be con!tr(e a! a !(it bro(&"t b1 t"e "o)eowner! a!!ociation a! t"e re're!entative of t"e )e)ber! t"ereof (n er Sec? ., R($e . of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, w"ic" 'rovi e!@ Sec? .? Re're!entative! a! 'artie!? ="ere t"e action i! a$$owe to be 'ro!ec(te or efen e b1 a re're!entative or !o)eone actin& in a fi (ciar1 ca'acit1, t"e beneficiar1 !"a$$ be inc$( e in t"e tit$e of t"e ca!e an !"a$$ be ee)e to be t"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t? A re're!entative )a1 be a tr(!tee of an e6're!! tr(!t, a &(ar ian, an e6ec(tor or a )ini!trator, or a 'art1 a(t"oriBe b1 $aw or t"e!e R($e!? An a&ent actin& in "i! own na)e an for t"e benefit of an (n i!c$o!e 'rinci'a$ )a1 !(e or be !(e wit"o(t 2oinin& t"e 'rinci'a$ e6ce't w"en t"e contract invo$ve! t"in&! be$on&in& to t"e 'rinci'a$? 4t is a settled rule that ever! action must e prosecuted or defended in the name of the real part!.in.interest. 6here the action is allo$ed to e prosecuted or defended ! a representative acting in a fiduciar! capacit!# the eneficiar! must e included in the title of the case and shall e deemed to e the real part!.in.interest. +he name of such eneficiaries shall# li'e$ise# e included in the complaint. Moreover, Sec? 4, R($e > of t"e R($e! of Co(rt 'rovi e! t"at facts sho$ing the capacit! of a part! to sue or e sued# or the authorit! of a part! to sue or e sued in a representative capacit! must e averred in the complaint. 4n order to maintain an action in a court of justice# the plaintiff must have an actual legal e%istence# that is# he or she or it must e a person in la$ and possessed of a legal entit! as either a natural or an artificial person. +he part! ringing suit has the urden of proving the sufficienc! of the representative character that he claims. 4f a complaint is filed ! one $ho claims to represent a part! as plaintiff ut $ho# in fact# is not authori&ed to do so# such complaint is not deemed filed and the court does not ac,uire jurisdiction over the complaint. 4t must e stressed that an unauthori&ed complaint does not produce an! legal effect. In t"i! ca!e, the petition filed $ith the trial court sufficientl! avers that the homeo$ners association# through its President# is suing in a representative capacit! as authori&ed under the @oard Aesolution attached to the petition. Although the names of the individual mem ers of the homeo$ners association $ho are the eneficiaries and real parties.in.interest in the suit $ere not indicated in the title of the petition# this defect can e cured ! the simple e%pedient of re,uiring the association to disclose the names of the principals and to amend the title and averments of the petition accordingl!. Essentiall!# the purpose of the rule that actions should e rought or defended in the name of the real part!.in.interest is to protect against undue and unnecessar! litigation and to ensure that the court $ill have the enefit of having efore it the real adverse parties in the consideration of a case. +his rule# ho$ever# is not to e narro$l! and restrictivel! construed# and its application should e neither dogmatic nor rigid at all times ut vie$ed in consonance $ith e%tant realities and practicalities. As correctl! noted ! the CA# the dismissal of this case ased on the lac' of personalit! to sue of petitioner.association $ill onl! result in the filing of multiple suits ! the individual mem ers of the association. Di#p!#i i!n #"e in!tant 'etition i! <RA;#E3? #"e eci!ion of t"e CA i! RE%ERSE3 an SE# ASI3E? #"e civi$ ca!e in t"e R#C of Pa!a1 Cit1 i! or ere 3ISMISSE3?

DEL CASTILLO VS. JAYMALIN, ET AL. ==8 SCRA 58> MELENCIO-HERRERA, M%"c- =2, =>:8
NATURE 3irect a''ea$ fro) t"e eci!ion of t"e C+I w"ic" i!)i!! t"e ca!e for 3a)a&e! (e to t"e eat" of '$aintiff FACTS 1-80@ 3eaf-)(te Mario e$ Ca!ti$$o fe$$ ('on a$i&"tin& t"e b(! of t"e re!'on ent! an ie ? 1-82@ Action for recover1 of a)a&e! wa! fi$e b1 Severo e$ Ca!ti$$o, t"e fat"er of t"e victi), a&ain!t t"e river, con (ctor, an t"e owner co)'anie!? 1-88@ Severo ie ? Co(n!e$ for Motion for Ann($)ent Procee in&! after "avin& $earne t"at '$aintiff Severo a$rea 1 ie wit"o(t re!tin& "i! ca!e? Co(rt or ere '$aintiff0! co(n!e$ to verif1 e6i!tence of "eir! wi$$in& to be !(b!tit(te a! 'artie!-'$aintiff!? A$$e&e $1, a F3ee of

.1 A!!i&n)entL wa! e6ec(te b1 Severo in favor of "i! !on-in-$aw =ence!$ao :a$oc of a$$ "i! ri&"t! in t"e 'rocee in&! in 1-80 !o '$aintiff fi$e a Motion to A )it A)en e Co)'$aint, !(b!tit(tin& =ence!$ao a! 'art1-'$aintiff? A)en e Co)'$aint wa! a )itte b1 t"e co(rt? C+I@ i!)i!!e ori&ina$ an a)en e co)'$aint! (e to t"e eat" of Severo? =ence!$ao "a no 'er!ona$it1 to contin(e t"e ca!e, not bein& a "eir of Severo? ISSUE 1? =O; t"e co)'$aint !"o($ be i!)i!!e (e to t"e eat" of t"e '$aintiff, even if "e "a a$rea 1 a!!i&ne "i! ri&"t! before "e ie 2? =O; a)a&e! !"o($ "ave been awar e HELD 1? ;O Ratio. ="ere an a!!i&nab$e ri&"t "a! been tran!ferre before action bro(&"t, t"e 'rocee in& o(&"t to be in!tit(te in t"e na)e of t"e a!!i&nee; an w"ere an a!!i&n)ent i! effecte 'en ente $ite, it i! 'ro'er to "ave t"e a!!i&nee !(b!tit(te for t"e ori&ina$ '$aintiff? If !(c" !(b!tit(tion !"o($ not be effecte an t"e tran!fer of t"e ri&"t of action !"o($ not be bro(&"t to t"e attention of t"e co(rt, t"e ori&ina$ '$aintiff, if !(cce!!f($ in t"e $iti&ation, wo($ "o$ t"e fr(it! of t"e action a! a !ort of tr(!tee for t"e (!e an benefit of "i! a!!i&nee? Reasoning. #"i! i! not a ca!e w"ere t"e 'rovi!ion! of Section 19, R($e . of t"e R($e! of Co(rt on * eat" of a 'art1* are a''$icab$e? Rat"er, it i! a !it(ation w"ere '$aintiff, w"i$e a$ive, "a a!!i&ne "i! ri&"t! to anot"er, in w"ic" ca!e, t"e 'ro'er 'roce (re wo($ "ave been for t"e tran!feree to "ave been !(b!tit(te for t"e tran!feror a! '$aintiff? #"e ri&"t! of Severo to c$ai) a)a&e! for "i! !on were tran!ferab$e? Severo "a tran!ferre "i! ri&"t! a! '$aintiff to =ence!$ao :a$oc b(t after t"e a!!i&n)ent t"e ca!e contin(e in SeveroD! na)e an t"ere wa! no i))e iate an for)a$ !(b!tit(tion of 'art1 '$aintiff? #"i! i! b(t a for)a$it1, "owever, an t"e fact re)ain! t"at, after t"e a!!i&n)ent, t"e !(b!tantia$ '$aintiff an rea$ 'art1 in intere!t beca)e :a$oc, wit" Severo a! a !ort of tr(!tee of w"atever fr(it! t"e $iti&ation wo($ brin&? 2? CES Reasoning. Artic$e! 1984 an 2208 of t"e Civi$ Co e? +ai$(re to e6erci!e e6traor inar1 care for t"e !afet1 of it! 'a!!en&er! even after bein& a''ri!e of t"e fact t"at t"e victi) wa! a eaf-)(te? S"o($ "ave been re)an e to CA for eter)ination of a)o(nt of a)a&e! b(t (e to 'en enc1 of ca!e for 1. 1ear! K '(t an en to controver!1, Co(rt i)'o!e P12,000 for eat" of victi), '$(! P2,000 att10! fee! Disposition. =:ERE+ORE, t"e 2( &)ent a''ea$e fro) i! "ereb1 rever!e , an efen ant! "ereb1 or ere 2oint$1 an !evera$$1, to 'a1 =ence!$ao :a$oc, t"e a)o(nt of P12,000?00 a! a)a&e! for eat", wit"o(t intere!t, an P2,000?00 a! attorne1D! fee!? ;o co!t!? SO OR3ERE3? t"e 'artie! wa! for it to be a )ere )ort&a&e to !ec(re 'a1)ent? <o1a$a f(rt"er c$ai)e t"at "e an "i! wife atte)'te to 'a1 t"e ebt b(t 'etitioner ref(!e to receive t"e !() an cance$ t"e )ort&a&e? 71 wa1 of co(nterc$ai), <o1a$a 'ra1e t"at 'etitioner receive t"e P>10 an t"at t"e oc()ent of )ort&a&e be ec$are !o, an not a 'acto e retro !a$e? :e f(rt"er 'ra1e for P1>00 'er ann() (nti$ t"e fina$ ter)ination of t"e ca!e for t"e fr(it! of !ai 'ro'ert1 an in t"e ca!e t"at t"e in!tr()ent be ee)e a tr(e 'acto e retro !a$e, t"at 'etitioner be or ere to e6ec(te a ee of re!a$e in favor of re!'on ent! in accor ance wit" A1808CC? -Co(n!e$ for <o1a$a fi$e a )anife!tation infor)in& t"e #C t"at t"e na)e efen ant, Antonina, "a ie , 'ro)'tin& t"e #C to i!!(e an or er re/(irin& co(n!e$ for t"e '$aintiff to !(b)it an a)en e Co)'$aint !(b!tit(tin& Antonina wit" one of "er !(cce!!or! in intere!t a! 'art1 efen ant!? <o1a$a fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! t"e 'etition on t"e &ro(n t"at notwit"!tan in& t"e $a'!e of 4. a1! after a''e$$ant0! recei't of a co'1 of t"e !ai #C or er, !ai a''e$$ant fai$e an ne&$ecte to !(b)it t"e a)en e co)'$aint re/(ire of "i)? A''e$$ant o''o!e t"e )otion b(t t"e #C i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint? -A''e$$ee fi$e a )otion to ec$are a''e$$ant in efa($t in re!'ect of !ai a''e$$ee0! co(nterc$ai), w"ic" wa! &rante b1 t"e #C, w"ic" f(rt"er re/(ire <o1a$a to !(b)it "i! evi ence before t"e C$erA of Co(rt? #C ren ere favorab$e 2( &)ent on a''e$$ee0! co(nterc$ai), ec$arin& t"e 3ee of Pacto e Retro Sa$e an e/(itab$e )ort&a&e an or erin& <o2o to receive t"e P>10 an to re!tore 'o!!e!!ion to t"e efen ant! an a$$owin& t"e) to re ee) t"e !a)e? -A''e$$ant a''ea$e to t"e CA, w"ic" ('on fin in& t"at t"e !ai a''ea$ invo$ve! '(re$1 /(e!tion! of $aw, certifie t"e !a)e to t"e SC? ISSUES Parties; Re contractual $one% clai$s < Dis$issal &% clai$ant < Co$pulsor% counterclai$< !nswer; Defenses =O; #C erre in ec$arin& '$aintiff in efa($t wit" re!'ect to efen ant0! co(nterc$ai) HELD CES? #"e a''e$$ant conten ! t"at t"ere i! no occa!ion for t"e #C to ec$are "i) in efa($t in re!'ect of a''e$$ee0! co(nterc$ai) a! !ai co(nterc$ai) fa$$! wit"in t"e cate&or1 of co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) w"ic" oe! not ca$$ for an in e'en ent an!wer a! t"e co)'$aint a$rea 1 enie! it! )ateria$ a$$e&ation!? It i! now !ett$e t"at a '$aintiff w"o fai$! or c"oo!e! not to an!wer a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) )a1 not be ec$are in efa($t, 'rinci'a$$1 beca(!e t"e i!!(e! rai!e in t"e co(nterc$ai) are ee)e a(to)atica$$1 2oine b1 t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint? -="i$e it i! tr(e t"at (n er Sec? . of R($e 19, a co)'$aint )a1 be i!)i!!e for fai$(re to 'ro!ec(te if t"e '$aintiff fai$! to co)'$1 wit" an or er of t"e co(rt, !ai 'rovi!ion cannot a''$1 w"en t"e or er i&nore i! a voi one, a! in t"i! ca!e? 4A! in Sec 20 of R($e ., t"e eat" of t"e efen ant in a contract(a$ )one1 c$ai) oe! i!)i!! !(c" action for recover1, b(t wi$$ be a$$owe to contin(e (nti$ fina$ 2( &)ent i! entere ? +avorab$e 2( &)ent obtaine b1 t"e '$aintiff !"a$$ be enforce in t"e )anner 'rovi e in t"e!e R($e! for 'ro!ec(tin& c$ai)! a&ain!t t"e e!tate of a ecea!e 'er!on? In 7arra)e a v! 7arbara, t"e SC "e$ t"at an or er to a)en t"e co)'$aint, before t"e 'ro'er !(b!tit(tion of 'artie! a! irecte b1 Sec? 19, R($e . 4Sec? 18, new $aw5, i! voi an i)'o!e! ('on t"e '$aintiff no (t1 to co)'$1 t"erewit" to t"e en t"at an or er i!)i!!in& t"e !ai co)'$aint, for !(c" non-co)'$iance, wo($ !i)i$ar$1 be voi ? It wa! f(rt"er "e$ in +erriera v! <onBa$e! t"at t"e contin(ance of a 'rocee in& (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of w"ic" a 'art1 t"ereto ie!, wit"o(t !(c" 'art1 "avin& been va$i $1 !(b!tit(te in accor ance wit" t"e r($e!, a)o(nt! to $acA of 2(ri! iction? =9,R,FOR,( the decision appealed fro$ is set aside

/OJO V /OYALA 14 SCRA 442 B%""e)!, J.? Oc . 1B, =>2B

NATURE A''ea$ fro) a eci!ion of t"e C+I of Sor!o&on FACTS -A''e$$ee Se&(n o <o1a$a, wit" "i! now ecea!e wife Antonina !o$ to <o2o a 2?5 "ectare 'arce$ of a&ric($t(ra$ $an for P950 b1 a F3ee of Pacto e Retro Sa$eL, t"e re'(rc"a!e to be )a e wit"in one 1ear, a! !tate in t"e ee ? #"e ee a$!o in icate! t"at t"e ven ee 'ai anot"er P100 in a ition to t"e '(rc"a!e 'rice? 10 1ear! after t"e e6ec(tion of !ai oc()ent, <o2o fi$e a ca!e wit" t"e C+I a&ain!t <o1a$a b1 wa1 of a 'etition for con!o$i ation of owner!"i' of !ai $an ? <o2o a$$e&e t"at t"e 'erio for re'(rc"a!in& "a e6'ire an owner!"i' "a beco)e con!o$i ate in "i) an t"at for '(r'o!e! of recor in& t"e con!o$i ation in t"e Re&i!tr1 of Pro'ert1, it wa! nece!!ar1 t"at a 2( icia$ or er be i!!(e to t"at effect? -<o1a$a fi$e an an!wer to t"e 'etition, a$$e&in& t"at t"e1 "a obtaine a ca!" $oan of P>10 fro) <o2o 'a1ab$e wEin one 1ear wEo intere!t an t"at to &(arantee 'a1)ent, <o1a$a e6ec(te a )ort&a&e in favor of t"e 'etitioner on t"e 'arce$ of $an in /(e!tion? :ence, a$t"o(&" t"e ee wa! e6ec(te in t"e for) of a 'acto e retro !a$e, t"e tr(e intention of

VENUE PEOPLE '. MAYOR PABLO SOLA @p%+e :A FACTS

-7o ie! fo(n in Ma1or So$a0! "acien a? Infor)ation fi$e a&ain!t Ma1or, C"ief of Po$ice an ot"er acc(!e ? Acc(!e were &rante bai$? =itne!!e! fear for t"eir $ive! beca(!e t"e tria$ wa! to be "e$ near t"e

.2 town w"ere t"e acc(!e were 'owerf($? A$!o, t"e witne!!e! "a been receivin& t"reat! on t"eir $ive!? Re$evance@ C"an&e in ven(e ON CHAN/E OF VENUE? #"e con!tit(tion i! /(ite e6'$icit? #"e S('re)e Co(rt co($ or er *a c"an&e of ven(e or '$ace of tria$ to avoi a )i!carria&e of 2(!tice?* -Peo'$e v? <(tierreB, ,?7?L? Re1e!@ *X#O COMPEL #:E PROSECI#IO; #O PROCEE3 #O #RIAL I; A LOCALI#C =:ERE I#S =I#;ESSES =ILL ;O# 7E A# LI7ER#C #O RE%EAL =:A# #:EC U;O= IS #O MAUE A MOCUERC O+ #:E ,I3ICIAL PROCESS, A;3 #O 7E#RAC #:E %ERC PIRPOSE +OR =:IC: COIR#S :A%E 7EE; ES#A7LIS:E3?* -#"e e6erci!e b1 t"i! :onorab$e Co(rt of it! above con!tit(tiona$ 'ower in t"i! ca!e wi$$ be a''ro'riate? #"e witne!!e! in t"e ca!e are fearf($ for t"eir $ive!? #"e1 are afrai t"e1 wo($ be Ai$$e on t"eir wa1 to or fro) :i)a)a1$an (rin& an1 of t"e a1! of tria$? 7eca(!e of t"i! fear, t"e1 )a1 eit"er ref(!e to te!tif1 or te!tif1 fa$!e$1 to !ave t"eir $ive!? -t"ere )a1 be ca!e! w"ere t"e fear, ob2ective$1 viewe , )a1, to !o)e in ivi (a$!, be $e!! t"an terrif1in&, b(t t"e /(e!tion )(!t a$wa1! be t"e effect it "a! on t"e witne!!e! w"o wi$$ te!tif1? -#"e 'ri)or ia$ ai) an intent of t"e Con!tit(tion )(!t ever be Ae't in )in ? In ca!e of o(bt, it !"o($ be re!o$ve in favor of a c"an&e of ven(e /(e!tion! invo$vin& "arra!)ent! an inconvenience, a! we$$ a! i!r('tion of '(b$ic !ervice o not a''ear in (bitab$e ? ? ?* - Petitioner fi$e t"e in!tant 'etition for certiorari an 'ro"ibition? =Su ject of the petition( +he orders for the ta'ing of the said depositions# for deferring determination of the motion to dismiss# and for re affirming the deferment# and the $rit of attachment are sought to e annulled in the petition.> ISSUES 1? ="et"er or not, (n er t"e 'rovi!ion! of Re'(b$ic Act ;o? 4.8. t"e re!'on ent Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of RiBa$ "a! 2(ri! iction to taAe co&niBance of t"e civi$ !(it for a)a&e! ari!in& fro) an a$$e&e $1 $ibe$o(! '(b$ication, con!i erin& t"at t"e action wa! in!tit(te b1 '(b$ic officer! w"o!e office! were in t"e Cit1 of Mani$a at t"e ti)e of t"e '(b$ication; 2? If it "a! no 2(ri! iction, w"et"er or not it! erroneo(! a!!()'tion of 2(ri! iction )a1 be c"a$$en&e b1 a forei&n cor'oration b1 writ of certiorari or 'ro"ibition; an HELD 1? ;o? #"e 'ro'er ven(e i! t"e C+I of Mani$a? Ratio; In er Artic$e .80 of t"e Revi!e Pena$ Co e, a! a)en e b1 Re'(b$ic Act ;o? 4.8., action! for a)a&e! b1 '(b$ic officia$! for $ibe$o(! '(b$ication! a&ain!t t"e) can on$1 be fi$e in t"e co(rt! of fir!t in!tance of t"e cit1 or 'rovince w"ere t"e offen e f(nctionar1 "e$ office at t"e ti)e of t"e co))i!!ion of t"e offen!e, in ca!e t"e $ibe$o(! artic$e wa! fir!t 'rinte or '(b$i!"e o(t!i e t"e P"i$i''ine!? Reasoning; a? =4ntent of the la$> #"e a!!ertion t"at a forei&n cor'oration or a nonre!i ent efen ant i! not inconvenience b1 an o(t-of-town !(it i! irre$evant an (ntenab$e, for ven(e an 2(ri! iction are not e'en ent ('on convenience or inconvenience to a 'art1; an )oreover, ven(e wa! fi6e (n er Re'(b$ic Act ;o? 4.8., '(r!(ant to t"e ba!ic 'o$ic1 of t"e $aw t"at i!, a! 'revio(!$1 !tate , to 'rotect t"e intere!t of t"e '(b$ic !ervice w"en t"e offen e 'art1 i! a '(b$ic officer, b1 )ini)iBin& a! )(c" a! 'o!!ib$e an1 interference wit" t"e i!c"ar&e of "i! (tie!? b? =+e%tual and strict interpretation of the la$> #"e r($e i! t"at w"ere a !tat(te create! a ri&"t an 'rovi e! a re)e 1 for it! enforce)ent, t"e re)e 1 i! e6c$(!ive; an w"ere it confer! 2(ri! iction ('on a 'artic($ar co(rt, t"at 2(ri! iction i! $iAewi!e e6c$(!ive, (n$e!! ot"erwi!e 'rovi e ? :ence, t"e ven(e 'rovi!ion! of Re'(b$ic Act ;o 4.8. !"o($ be ee)e )an ator1 for t"e 'art1 brin&in& t"e action, (n$e!! t"e /(e!tion of ven(e !"o($ be waive b1 t"e efen ant, w"ic" wa! not t"e ca!e "ere? 2? Ce!? Ratio; #"e action of a co(rt in ref(!in& to r($e, or eferrin& it! r($in&, on a )otion to i!)i!! for $acA of 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter, or for i)'ro'er ven(e, i! in e6ce!! of 2(ri! iction an correctib$e b1 writ of 'ro"ibition or certiorari !(e o(t in t"e a''e$$ate Co(rt, even before tria$ on t"e )erit! i! "a ? Reasoning It wo($ be (!e$e!! an f(ti$e to &o a"ea wit" t"e 'rocee in&! if t"e co(rt "a no 2(ri! iction? DISPOSITION #"e writ! a''$ie for are &rante @ t"e re!'on ent Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of RiBa$ i! ec$are wit"o(t 2(ri! iction to taAe co&niBance of it! Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 1040.; an it! or er! i!!(e in connection t"erewit" are "ereb1 ann($$e an !et a!i e? Re!'on ent co(rt i! f(rt"er co))an e to e!i!t fro) f(rt"er 'rocee in&! in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 1040. afore!ai ? #"e writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction "eretofore i!!(e b1 t"i! S('re)e Co(rt i! )a e 'er)anent?

TIME, INC. '#. REYES 1> SCRA 1B1 REYES, J.B.L.< M%( 1=, =>2=
NATURE Petition for certiorari an 'ro"ibition, wit" 're$i)inar1 in2(nction, to ann($ certain or er! of t"e re!'on ent Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of RiBa$, i!!(e an to 'ro"ibit t"e !ai co(rt fro) f(rt"er 'rocee in& wit" t"e !ai civi$ ca!e? FACTS - Antonio ,? %i$$e&a! an ,(an Ponce Enri$e =2a!or of 2anila and Bndersecretar! of 5inance and concurrentl! Acting Commissioner of Customs# respectivel!# $ith offices in the Cit! of 2anila> fi$e a civi$ action in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of RiBa$ !eeAin& to recover fro) t"e "erein 'etitioner a)a&e! ('on an a$$e&e $ibe$ ari!in& fro) a '(b$ication of #i)e 4A!ia E ition5 )a&aBine, in it! i!!(e of 1> A(&(!t 1-89, of an e!!a1, entit$e *Corr('tion in A!ia*, w"erein t"e efen ant! a$$e&e $1 i)'(te to '$aintiff! t"e co))i!!ion of t"e cri)e! of &raft an corr('tion an ne'oti!)? - Petitioner #i)e, Inc?, i! an A)erican cor'oration wit" 'rinci'a$ office! at RocAefe$$er Center, ;ew CorA Cit1, ;? C?, an i! t"e '(b$i!"er of *#i)e*, a weeA$1 new! )a&aBine? PROCEDURE - %i$$e&a! an Enri$e fi$e a Motion for $eave to taAe t"e e'o!ition! *of Mr? Ant"on1 <onBa$e!, #i)e-$ife Internationa$*, an *Mr? Ce!ar 7? Enri/(eB, M($$er N P"i''! 4Mani$a5 Lt ?*, in connection wit" t"e activitie! an o'eration! in t"e P"i$i''ine! of t"e 'etitioner? It wa! &rante b1 ,( &e Re1e! an "e a$!o i!!(e a writ of attac")ent on t"e rea$ an 'er!ona$ e!tate of #i)e, Inc? - #i)e Inc? fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint for $acA of 2(ri! iction an i)'ro'er ven(e, re$1in& ('on t"e 'rovi!ion! of Re'(b$ic Act 4.8. =According to this la$# C+he criminal and civil action for
damages in cases of $ritten defamations. . .$here one of the offended parties is a pu lic officer $hose office is in the Cit! of 2anila at the time of the commission of the offense# the action shall e filed in the Court of 5irst 4nstance of the Cit! of 2anila or of the cit! or province $here the li elous article is printed and first pu lished# and in case such pu lic officer does not hold office in the Cit! of 2anila# the action shall e filed in the Court of 5irst 4nstance of the province or cit! $here he held office at the time of the commission of the offense or $here the li elous article is printed and first pu lished>.

Re!'on ent co(rt eferre t"e eter)ination of t"e )otion to i!)i!! (nti$ after tria$ of t"e ca!e on t"e )erit!, t"e co(rt "avin& con!i ere t"at t"e &ro(n ! re$ie ('on in t"e )otion o not a''ear to be in (bitab$e? - Petitioner )ove for recon!i eration of t"e efer)ent; #"e re!'on ent 2( &e i!!(e an or er re affir)in& t"e 'revio(! or er of efer)ent for t"e rea!on t"at *t"e r($e $ai own (n er Re'(b$ic Act ;o? 4.8., a)en in& Artic$e .80 of t"e Revi!e Pena$ Co e, i! not a''$icab$e to action! a&ain!t non-re!i ent efen ant!, an beca(!e

PILIPINO TELEPHONE V TECSON BB SCRA BB VITU/J< M%( 2, 8BB9

NATURE S'ecia$ civi$ action of certiorari FACTS - On vario(! ate! in 1--8, 3e$fino C? #ec!on a''$ie for !i6 485 ce$$($ar '"one !(b!cri'tion! wit" 'etitioner Pi$i'ino #e$e'"one

.. Cor'oration 4PIL#EL5, w"ic" a''$ication! were eac" a''rove an covere , b1 !i6 )obi$ine !ervice a&ree)ent!? - On 05 A'ri$ 2001, re!'on ent fi$e wit" t"e R#C of I$i&an Cit1, Lanao 3e$ ;orte, a co)'$aint a&ain!t 'etitioner for a *S() of Mone1 an 3a)a&e!?* Petitioner )ove for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n of i)'ro'er ven(e, citin& a co))on 'rovi!ion in t"e )obi$ine !ervice a&ree)ent! to t"e effect t"at *%en(e of a$$ !(it! ari!in& fro) t"i! A&ree)ent or an1 ot"er !(it irect$1 or in irect$1 ari!in& fro) t"e re$ation!"i' between PIL#EL an !(b!criber !"a$$ be in t"e 'ro'er co(rt! of MaAati, Metro Mani$a? S(b!criber "ereb1 e6're!!$1 waive! an1 ot"er ven(e!?* - In an or er, t"e R#C enie 'etitionerD! M#3 an re/(ire it to fi$e an an!wer wit"in 15 a1! fro) recei't t"ereof? - PIL#EL fi$e a M+R, t"ro(&" re&i!tere )ai$, of t"e or er of t"e tria$ co(rt? In it! !(b!e/(ent or er, #C enie t"e M+R? - Petitioner fi$e a 'etition for certiorari (n er R($e 85 of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re before t"e CA? - CA !aw no )erit in t"e 'etition an affir)e t"e a!!ai$e or er! of t"e #C? Petitioner )ove for a recon!i eration, b(t t"e a''e$$ate co(rt enie t"e )otion? ISSUE0S =O; 'artie! )a1 !ti'($ate on t"e ven(e of an1 $iti&ation between t"e) HELD YES Ratio Section 4, R($e 4, of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re a$$ow! t"e 'artie! to a&ree an !ti'($ate in writin&, before t"e fi$in& of an action, on t"e e6c$(!ive ven(e of an1 $iti&ation between t"e)? S(c" an a&ree)ent wo($ be va$i an bin in& 'rovi e t"at t"e !ti'($ation on t"e c"o!en ven(e i! e6c$(!ive in nat(re or in intent, t"at it i! e6're!!e in writin& b1 t"e 'artie! t"ereto, an t"at it i! entere into before t"e fi$in& of t"e !(it? Reasoning. #"e 'rovi!ion containe in 'ara&ra'" 22 of t"e *Mobi$e Service A&ree)ent,* a !tan ar contract )a e o(t b1 'etitioner PIL#EL to it! !(b!criber!, a''arent$1 acce'te an !i&ne b1 re!'on ent? #"e a e !ti'($ation t"at t"e !(b!criber *e6're!!$1 waive! an1 ot"er ven(e* !"o($ in icate, c$ear$1 eno(&", t"e intent of t"e 'artie! to con!i er t"e ven(e !ti'($ation a! bein& 'rec$(!ive in c"aracter? #"e a''e$$ate co(rt, "owever, wo($ a''ear to anc"or it! eci!ion on t"e t"e!i! t"at t"e !(b!cri'tion a&ree)ent, bein& a )ere contract of a "e!ion, oe! not bin re!'on ent on t"e ven(e !ti'($ation? 7(t !(c" an a&ree)ent i! not 'er !e inefficacio(!? #"e r($e in!tea i! t"at, !"o($ t"ere be a)bi&(itie! in a contract of a "e!ion, !(c" a)bi&(itie! are to be con!tr(e a&ain!t t"e 'art1 t"at 're'are it? If, "owever, t"e !ti'($ation! are not ob!c(re, b(t are c$ear an $eave no o(bt on t"e intention of t"e 'artie!, t"e $itera$ )eanin& of it! !ti'($ation! )(!t be "e$ contro$$in&? A contract ($1 e6ec(te i! t"e $aw between t"e 'artie!, an t"e1 are ob$i&e to co)'$1 f($$1 an not !e$ective$1 wit" it! ter)!? A contract of a "e!ion i! no e6ce'tion? Disposition =:ERE+ORE, t"e in!tant 'etition i! <RA;#E3? #"e )otion to i!)i!! wa! &rante ba!e on t"e oc()ent! attac"e to t"eir )otion b1 ,( &e Ceci$ia M(PoB Pa$)a, now an A!!ociate ,(!tice of t"i! Co(rt, i!)i!!e t"e !(it? In t"i! a''ea$, Santia&o !eeA! for t"e eci!ion to be rever!e ? :i! new co(n!e$, t"e fir) of L(na an Mana$o, i! t"oro(&" an co)'re"en!ive? ISSUE =O; t"e or er of t"e $ower co(rt !"o($ be rever!e ? HELD NO. Even t"e )o!t c(r!or1 rea in& of t"e or er of i!)i!!a$ can $ea to no ot"er conc$(!ion e6ce't t"at it !"o($ be affir)e ? ;otwit"!tan in& t"e vi&or wit" w"ic" t"e a''ea$ i! bein& 'ro!ec(te b1 new co(n!e$, it cannot !(ffice for a rever!a$? #"e infir)it1 of t"e ca!e i! inc(rab$e? #"e '$ea in& $eft no c"oice to t"e t"en ,( &e M(PoB Pa$)a e6ce't to i!)i!! t"e ca!e, w"ic" wrote@ F??? t"e 'ortion of t"e !ai 'arce$ of $an !(b2ect of t"i! re&i!tration w"ic" wa! c$ai)e a! 'art of t"e '(b$ic fore!t "a! a$rea 1 been re$ea!e b1 t"e :onorab$e Secretar1 of A&ric($t(re an ;at(ra$ Re!o(rce! for a&ric($t(ra$ '(r'o!e! a! evi ence b1 it! or er ate A(&(!t 10, 1-81?L Attac"e to !(c" '$ea in& were t"e oc()ent!, w"ic", in t"e $an&(a&e of t"e t"en ,( &e Pa$)a, *!"ow t"at t"e $an ob2ect of t"i! re&i!tration 'rocee in& i! 'art of t"e '(b$ic o)ain? +or)er co(n!e$ o(&"t to "ave rea$iBe t"e fata$ effect on "i! c$ientD! ca!e of !(c" an a )i!!ion? If it were "i! intention to e)o$i!" entire$1 t"e 'reten!ion of '$aintiff to t"e c$ai) t"at "e "a been in o'en, '(b$ic, (ninterr('te , 'eacef($ an a ver!e 'o!!e!!ion in t"e conce't of owner fro) ,($1 28, 1>-4 (' to t"e 're!ent, "e co($ not "ave !(ccee e an1 better? ="at wa! !o cate&orica$$1 t"erein !et fort" a! to !(c" 'arce$ of $an bein& a 'art of a '(b$ic fore!t, a$t"o(&" t"ereafter re$ea!e b1 t"e Secretar1 of A&ric($t(re an ;at(ra$ Re!o(rce! for a&ric($t(ra$ '(r'o!e!, i! conc$(!ive an bin in&? It wo($ c$ear$1 a''ear t"at Santia&o co($ not in tr(t" !"ow t"at t"ere wa! !(c" an o'en, (ninterr('te , 'eacef($ an a ver!e 'o!!e!!ion in t"e conce't of owner It i! a fa)i$iar octrine,* accor in& to ,(!tice ,?7?L? Re1e! in ,oeD! Ra io N E$ectrica$ S(''$1 v? A$to E$ectronic! Cor'?, 5 *t"at an a )i!!ion )a e in t"e '$ea in&! cannot be controverte b1 t"e 'art1 )aAin& !(c" a )i!!ion an are conc$(!ive a! to "i), an t"at a$$ 'roof! !(b)itte b1 "i) contrar1 t"ereto or incon!i!tent t"erewit", !"o($ be i&nore , w"et"er ob2ection i! inter'o!e b1 t"e 'art1 or not ??? ?* 8 Even if t"ere "a been a f($$ "earin& on t"e ca!e, t"erefore, t"e re!($t wo($ not "ave been an1 ifferent? #"ere wa! no c"oice t"en for t"e $ower co(rt e6ce't to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint? #"e 're!ent co(n!e$ of Santia&o trie! to e6tricate "i)!e$f fro) a 're ica)ent of "i! own )aAin& b1 ar&(in& t"at t"e )otion to i!)i!! of Pacita e $o! Santo! i! not entit$e to reco&nition a! t"ere wa! a &enera$ or er of efa($t e6ce't a! to t"e 7(rea( of Lan ! an t"e 7(rea( of +ore!tr1, not $ifte a! to "er an t"at !"e "a! no intere!t to o''o!e t"e a''$ication a$t"o(&" a )itte $1 t"ere wa! a c$ai) on "er 'art (n er a 'a!t(re $ea!e a&ree)ent in "er favor? 7(t in t"e )otion to i!)i!! of e $o! Santo!, it wa! a$$e&e t"at t"e !on of Santia&o, ,(anito wa! one ti)e t"e $e!!ee of t"e ti)ber area !o(&"t to be re&i!tere b1 Santia&o? #"ere wa! no enia$ of !(c" a$$e&ation? It i! /(ite obvio(! t"en t"at t"e fact!, no $e!! t"an t"e $aw, ca$$ for 'reci!e$1 t"e conc$(!ion reac"e b1 t"e t"en ,( &e M(PoB Pa$)a? *R($e! of '$ea in& are inten e to !ec(re a )et"o b1 w"ic" t"e i!!(e! )a1 be 'ro'er$1 $ai before t"e co(rt? ="en t"o!e i!!(e! are a$rea 1 c$ear before t"e co(rt, t"e eficienc1 in t"e ob!ervance of t"e r($e! !"o($ not be &iven (n (e i)'ortance? ="at i! i)'ortant i! t"at t"e ca!e be eci e ('on t"e )erit! an t"at it !"o($ not be a$$owe to &o off on 'roce (ra$ 'oint!? #ec"nica$itie!, in t"e a''ro'riate $an&(a&e of ,(!tice MaAa$inta$, *!"o($ &ive wa1 to t"e rea$itie! of t"e !it(ation?* 1. =e$$ co($ ,(!tice Car oBo ob!erve@ *A !1!te) of 'roce (re i! 'erverte fro) it! 'ro'er f(nction w"en it )($ti'$ie! i)'e i)ent! to 2(!tice wit"o(t t"e warrant of c$ear nece!!it1?* Dispositive. =:ERE+ORE, t"e a''ea$e or er of ;ove)ber 19, 1-81 of t"e t"en ,( &e M(PoB Pa$)a i! affir)e ? Co!t! a&ain!t a''e$$ant L(i! R? Santia&o

PLEADIN/S In /ene"%*? M%nne" !& D%7in+ %**e+% i!n# in p*e%)in+# Ac i!n%6*e )!c,Den SANTIA/O VS DE LOS SANTOS 5= SCRA =95 FERNANDO< N!'eD6e" 88, =>29
FACTS Santia&o a''$ie for re&i!tration of a 'arce$ of $an $ocate in San Mateo, RiBa$? #"e a''$ication i! o''o!e b1 t"e 3irector of Lan !, 3irector of +ore!tr1 an b1 Mr!? Pacita %? e $o! Santo! on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e 'ro'ert1 a''$ie for i! 'art of t"e '(b$ic o)ain? S(b!e/(ent$1, )otion! to i!)i!! t"e a''$ication were fi$e b1 t"e o''o!itor Pacita %? e $o! Santo! an t"e 3irector of +ore!tr1 w"ic" )otion! are 'rinci'a$$1 ba!e on t"e a$$e&ation t"at t"e 'ro'ert1 a''$ie for i! a 'ortion of t"e '(b$ic o)ain w"ic" wa! $ea!e to Mr!? Pacita e $o! Santo! (n er Pa!t(re Lea!e A&ree)ent ;o? 1.05?

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T-e C*%iD C!,n e"c*%iD0c"!##-c*%iD %& e" %n#Ke" NAMARCO '. FEDERACION 9> SCRA 81: ANTONIO< J%n,%"( 1=, =>28
NATURE A''ea$ b1 efen antfro) a eci!ion of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance or erin& !ai efen ant to 'a1 t"e '$aintiff FACTS - ;AMARCO i! a <OCC or&aniBe an e6i!tin& (n er an b1 virt(e of RA 1.45? +E3ERA#IO; i! a non-!tocA cor'oration ($1 or&aniBe an e6i!tin& (n er an b1 virt(e of t"e $aw! of t"e P"i$i''ine!? - #"e1 entere into a Contract of Sa$e w"ic" !a1! t"at t"e Mana&e)ent of ;AMARCO wa! a(t"oriBe to i)'ort ite)! wort" Z2,001,0.1? +E3ERA#IO; e'o!ite P200,000 a! 'artia$ 'a1)ent an t"e ba$ance !"a$$ be 'ai on ca!" ba!i! ('on e$iver1 of t"e ($1 in or!e ne&otiab$e !"i''in& oc()ent coverin& t"e !a)e an - #o in!(re 'a1)ent, t"e ;AMARCO acce'te t"ree o)e!tic $etter! of cre it for t"e acco(nt of t"e +E3ERA#IO;? - #"e +E3ERA#IO; an !o)e of it! )e)ber! fi$e a co)'$aint a&ain!t t"e ;AMARCO for !'ecific 'erfor)ance an a)a&e!, a$$e&in& t"at after t"e ;AMARCO "a e$ivere a &reat 'ortion of t"e &oo ! $i!te in t"e Contract of Sa$e, it ref(!e to e$iver t"e ot"er &oo ! )entione in t"e !ai contract? - C+I or ere t"e ;AMARCO to !'ecifica$$1 'erfor) it! ob$i&ation in t"e Contract of Sa$e, b1 e$iverin& to t"e +E3ERA#IO; t"e (n e$ivere &oo !? - SC@ #"e Contract of Sa$e wa! va$i ?* - ;AMARCO@ +E3ERA#IO;DS act or o)i!!ion in ref(!in& to !ati!f1 t"e for)erD! va$i , 2(!t an e)an ab$e c$ai) "a! co)'e$$e it to fi$e t"e in!tant action; an 'ra1in& t"at t"e +E3ERA#IO; be or ere to 'a1 t"e ;AMARCO t"e co!t! of )erc"an i!e '$(! a)a&e!? - +E3ERA#IO; )ove to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e ca(!e of action a$$e&e t"erein i! barre forever, '(r!(ant to !ection 8 of R($e 10 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt? In !(''ort t"ereof, t"e +E3ERA#IO; a$$e&e it fi$e a ca!e for !'ecific 'erfor)ance to enforce co)'$iance wit" t"e contract of !a$e; t"at !ai contract i! a$!o t"e ba!i! ;AMARCOD! 're!ent co)'$aint; t"at w"en ;AMARCO fi$e it! an!wer to t"e co)'$aint, it i not !et (' an1 co(nterc$ai) t"erein; t"at t"e C+I 'ro)($&ate t"e eci!ion in !ai ca!e or erin&, a)on& ot"er!, t"e ;AMARCO to !'ecifica$$1 'erfor) it! ob$i&ation (n er t"e contract of !a$e b1 e$iverin& to t"e +E3ERA#IO; t"e &oo ! !(b2ect-)atter of t"e contract a! are invo$ve in t"e co)'$aint? - ;AMARCO o''o!e t"e )otion to i!)i!! conten in& t"at it! c$ai) for t"e recover1 of t"e co!t of )erc"an i!e e$ivere to t"e +E3ERA#IO; i! not nece!!ari$1 connecte for !'ecific 'erfor)ance an , t"erefore, oe! not fa$$ (n er t"e cate&or1 of co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai); t"at ;AMARCOD! fai$(re to !et it (' a! a co(nterc$ai) in it! an!wer oe! not con!tit(te re! 2( icata; t"at t"e e$iverie! of t"e )erc"an i!e were effecte t"ro(&" t"e fa($t or ne&$i&ence of one of it! 'er!onne$, ,(an #? Arive, w"o wa! a )ini!trative$1 c"ar&e t"erefor, fo(n &(i$t1 an accor in&$1 i!)i!!e ?; t"at t"e 're!ent c$ai) i! not nece!!ari$1 connecte wit" t"e tran!action or occ(rrence t"at i! t"e !(b2ect )atter of Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 428>4, a! t"e !a)e evi ence wo($ not !(''ort or ref(te bot"? - #"e +E3ERA#IO; fi$e a re2oin er reiteratin& t"at t"e re/(ire)ent! on t"e r($e of co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) are 're!ent; t"at t"e fir!t re/(ire)ent t"at t"e co(nterc$ai) ari!e! o(t of or i! nece!!ari$1 connecte wit" t"e contract of !a$e !(b2ect-)atter of ;AMARCOD! ca(!e of action i! evi ent fro) t"e face of t"e co)'$aint it!e$f? - LC i!!(e an or er "o$ in& *in abe1ance* action on t"e )otion to i!)i!! ti$$ after t"e tria$ on t"e )erit!? - +E3ERA#IO; fi$e it! an!wer to t"e ;AMARCOD! co)'$aint a )ittin& !o)e )ateria$ aver)ent! of t"e co)'$aint, !'ecifica$$1 en1in& ot"er a$$e&ation! an con!i!tent$1 wit" it! 'o!ition averre a! affir)ative efen!e t"at ;AMARCOD! fai$(re to a!!ert it! c$ai) a&ain!t t"e +E3ERA#IO; before 2( &)ent in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 428>4 on October 15, 1-80 con!tit(te a bar to t"e in!tit(tion of t"e 're!ent action? 71 wa1 of co(nterc$ai), t"e +E3ERA#IO; !o(&"t P50,000?00 a! attorne1D! fee! an ot"er e6'en!e! of $iti&ation, a! we$$ a!

P19,000?00 a! a)a&e! for i)'ro'er i!!(ance of a writ of attac")ent w"ic" writ, evi ent$1 "a been i!!(e ear$ier b1 t"e co(rt? - ;AMARCO fi$e an an!wer to t"e +E3ERA#IO;DS co(nterc$ai) !'ecifica$$1 en1in& t"e )ateria$ aver)ent! t"ereof an )aintainin& t"at t"e 're!ent action i! not barre b1 Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 428>4? ISSUE =O; t"i! action of ;AMARCO for t"e co$$ection of t"e 'a1)ent of t"e )erc"an i!e e$ivere to, b(t not 1et 'ai b1, t"e +E3ERA#IO;, i! a$rea 1 barre a! a con!e/(ence of t"e fai$(re of ;AMARCO to !et it (' a! a co(nterc$ai) in t"e 'revio(! ca!e, 4Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 428>45? HELD - A co(nterc$ai) "a! been "e$ to be co)'($!or1 if t"ere i! a $o&ica$ re$ation!"i' between it an t"e )ain c$ai)? - 7(t even a!!()in& for t"e nonce t"at ;AMARCOD! 're!ent c$ai) i! $o&ica$$1 re$ate to t"e c$ai) of t"e +E3ERA#IO; in t"e 'revio(! ca!e, ;AMARCOD! c$ai) "avin& accr(e or )at(re after t"e !ervice of it! an!wer in t"e ear$ier ca!e i! in t"e nat(re of an after-ac/(ire co(nterc$ai) w"ic" (n er t"e r($e! i! not barre even if it i! not !et (' in t"e 'revio(! ca!e a! a co(nterc$ai)? An after-ac/(ire co(nterc$ai), i! one of t"e reco&niBe e6ce'tion! to t"e &enera$ r($e t"at a co(nterc$ai) i! co)'($!or1 an )(!t be a!!erte if it ari!e! o(t of t"e !a)e tran!action a! t"e o''o!in& 'art1D! c$ai)? - #"e 'art1 nee not a!!ert a co(nterc$ai) t"at "a! not )at(re at t"e ti)e "e !erve! "i! '$ea in&? #"i! i! erive fro) t"e $an&(a&e in t"e r($e $i)itin& it! a''$ication to c$ai)! t"e '$ea er "a! Dat t"e ti)e of !ervin& t"e '$ea in&?D A co(nterc$ai) ac/(ire b1 efen ant after "e "a! an!were wi$$ not be con!i ere co)'($!or1, even if it ari!e! o(t of t"e !a)e tran!action a! oe! '$aintiffD! c$ai)? Si)i$ar$1, a co(nterc$ai) ac/(ire b1 '$aintiff after "e "a! re'$ie to a co(nterc$ai) b1 efen ant i! not co)'($!or1 (n er R($e 1.4a5? :owever, if a 'art1 !"o($ ac/(ire a )at(re co(nterc$ai) after "e "a! '$ea e , R($e 1.4e5 'rovi e! t"at "e )a1 obtain t"e co(rtD! 'er)i!!ion to inc$( e it in a !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& (n er R($e 154 5?* - A co(nterc$ai) )a1 be a!!erte (n er R($e 1.4e5 on$1 b1 $eave of co(rt, w"ic" (!(a$$1 wi$$ be &rante in or er to enab$e t"e 'artie! to $iti&ate a$$ t"e c$ai)! t"at t"e1 "ave a&ain!t eac" ot"er at one ti)e t"ereb1 avoi in& )($ti'$e action!? :owever, R($e 1.,4e5 i! 'er)i!!ive in c"aracter? An after-ac/(ire co(nterc$ai), even if it ari!e! o(t of t"e tran!action or occ(rrence t"at i! t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e o''o!in& 'art1D! c$ai), nee not be '$ea e !(''$e)enta$$1; t"e after-ac/(ire c$ai) i! not con!i ere a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) (n er R($e 1.4a5 an a fai$(re to inter'o!e it wi$$ not bar it! a!!ertion a $ater !(it? - #"e co(nterc$ai) )(!t be e6i!tin& at t"e ti)e of fi$$in& t"e an!wer, t"o(&" not at t"e co))ence)ent of t"e action for (n er Section . of t"e for)er R($e 10, t"e co(nterc$ai) or cro!!-c$ai) w"ic" a 'art1 )a1 aver in "i! an!wer )(!t be one w"ic" "e )a1 "ave *at t"e ti)e* a&ain!t t"e 'o!in& 'art1? #"at '"ra!e can on$1 "ave reference to t"e ti)e of t"e an!wer? Certain$1 a 're)at(re co(nterc$ai) cannot be !et (' in t"e an!wer? #"i! con!tr(ction i! not on$1 e6'$icit fro) t"e $an&(a&e of t"e aforecite 'rovi!ion! b(t a$!o !erve! to "ar)oniBe t"e aforecite !ection! of R($e 10, wit" !ection 4 of t"e !a)e r($e w"ic" 'rovi e! t"at *a co(nterc$ai) ? ? ? w"ic" eit"er )at(re or wa! ac/(ire b1 a 'art1 after !ervin& "i! '$ea in& )a1, wit" t"e 'er)i!!ion of t"e co(rt, be 're!ente a! a co(nterc$ai) ? ? ? b1 !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& before 2( &)ent?* - #"(! a 'art1 w"o fai$! to inter'o!e a co(nterc$ai) a$t"o(&" ari!in& o(t of or i! nece!!ari$1 connecte wit" tran!action or occ(rrence of t"e '$aintiffD! !(it b(t w"ic" i not e6i!t or )at(re at t"e ti)e !ai 'art1 fi$e! "i! an!wer i! not t"ereb1 barre fro) inter'o!in& !(c" c$ai) in a f(t(re $iti&ation? :owever !(c" c$ai) )a1 wit" t"e co(rtD! 'er)i!!ion be inc$( e in t"e !a)e ca!e b1 wa1 of !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& before 2( &)ent (n er Section 4 of for)er R($e 10 of t"e R($e! 4now Sec? R($e 85? An t"e !a)e )a1 be a$$owe (n$e!! t"e ca!e "a! 'ro&re!!e !o far t"at it )a1 be inconvenient or conf(!in& to a$$ow t"e a itiona$ c$ai) to be '$ea e ? - =e t"erefore r($e t"at ;AMARCOD! 're!ent action, i! not barre b1 it! fai$(re to a!!ert it a! a co(nterc$ai) t"e 'revio(! ca!e? 7ARRE3O, i!!entin&@ - ;a)arcoD! 're!ent c$ai) ari!e o(t of or wa! nece!!ari$1 connecte wit" t"e tran!action or occ(rrence t"at wa! t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e +e erationD! action in Civi$ Ca!e ;o 428>4 wit"in t"e conte)'$ation of t"e r($e on co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai)!?

.5 - It wa! t"e e$e)ent of ti)e "erein invo$ve t"at !o)e"ow in (ce )e at t"e be&innin& to be inc$ine , a$beit re$(ctant$1, to !(!tain ;a)arcoD! 'o!ition in t"i! a''ea$? At t"e 'reci!e ti)e t"at ;a)arco fi$e it! an!wer in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 428>4, it wa! not 1et certain t"at t"e +e eration wo($ not 'a1 or t"at 'a1)ent of it! !i&"t raft! wo($ not be effecte b1 t"e banA? In ot"er wor !, fro) t"at 'oint of view, ;a)arcoD! ca(!e of action "a not 1et )at(re t"en? It i! a$!o c$ear, "owever, t"at !ai ca(!e of action accr(e before 2( &)ent wa! ren ere b1 t"e tria$ co(rt? - In er Section 4 of R($e 10 of t"e o$ r($e!, now Section - of R($e 8, a co(nterc$ai) w"ic" eit"er )at(re or wa! ac/(ire b1 a efen ant after !ervin& "i! an!wer )a1 be !et (' in a !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& $ater before 2( &)ent? Since t"i! )a1 be one or not in t"e ca!e of co(nterc$ai)! not ari!in& o(t of t"e !a)e tran!action or occ(rrence, t"e /(e!tion t"at ari!e! i!, )(!t it "ave to be one in t"e ca!e of co(nterc$ai)! t"at o ari!e fro) t"e !a)e tran!action or occ(rrence, !(c" t"at if not inter'o!e , t"e1 )(!t be ee)e barre Q - I a&ree t"at t"e Co(rt r($e for t"e 're!ent t"at for a co(nterc$ai) to be con!i ere a! barre , (n er t"e above 'rovi!ion!, t"e ca(!e of action t"ereof )(!t "ave a$rea 1 accr(e at t"e ti)e t"e an!wer i! fi$e b1 t"e efen ant, a$t"o(&" I, for one, wo($ 'refer !(''$e)enta$ co(nterc$ai)!, t"e efen ant !"o($ 2(!t t"e !a)e be co)'e$$e to a$$e&e it in !(c" a !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& in t"o!e ca!e! w"ere "i! c$ai) accr(e! before tria$ "a! be&an or at t"e $ate!t, before t"e efen ant "a! !tarte 're!entin& "i! evi ence? Ot"erwi!e !tate , )1 'o!ition i! t"at t"e c$ai) of ;a)arco in t"i! ca!e i ari!e o(t of t"e !a)e tran!action or occ(rrence t"at wa! t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e +e erationD! anterior action, b(t ina!)(c" a!, on t"e "1'ot"e!i! t"at t"e contract were bin in&, t"e for)er!D ca(!e of action co($ not "ave been con!i ere a! a$rea 1 )at(re w"en it fi$e it! an!wer, t"ere wo($ "ave been no nee for it to fi$e t"i! co(nterc$ai)? - #"e w"o$e tro(b$e wit" ;a)arcoD! 'o!e in t"i! a a''ea$ $ie!, "owever, in t"e fact t"at in it! an!wer to t"e +e erationD! co)'$aint, it '$ea e t"e efen!e of i$$e&a$it1 or n($$it1 of t"e contract? +ro) t"at 'oint of view, it wa! i))ateria$ to ;a)arcoD! recover1 of t"e '(rc"a!e 'rice of &oo ! it "a a$rea 1 e$ivere (n er t"e contract t"at t"ere wa! in !ai contract an1 ter) for t"e 'a1)ent t"ereof? A! far a! ;a)arco wa! concerne , t"o!e &oo ! "a been e$ivere i$$e&a$$1 an !"o($ "ave been i))e iate$1 ret(rne (n$e!! t"eir va$(e "a been 'ai for, 4Artic$e 1412 425, Civi$ Co e5 or ;a)arco wa! in 'ari e$icto 4Artic$e 1411, i 5? S(c" bein& t"e ca!e, it i! /(ite evi ent t"at w"en ;a)arco fi$e it! an!wer to t"e +e erationD! action, it! ca(!e of action for t"e recover1 of t"e 'rice of t"e e$ivere &oo ! wa! a$rea 1 e6i!tin& an co($ "ave been t"e !(b2ect of a co(nterc$ai)? #"i! )ean! t"at a! of t"e ti)e ;a)arco fi$e it! an!wer conte!tin& t"e $e&a$it1 or va$i it1 of t"e contract, it wa! inc()bent ('on it to t"en an t"ere !eeA recover1 of w"atever it "a e$ivere t"ere(n er? S(''$e)enta$ co)'$aint i! entire$1 ifferent fro) t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint, t"at t"e !ai co)'$aint i not )ere$1 !(''$1 it! eficiencie!, an t"at, at an1 rate, in t"e event t"e tria$ co(rt i!!(e! an a ver!e r($in&, t"e 'etitioner can !ti$$ t"e !a)e? Petitioner fi$e t"i! Petition for review on certiorari (n er R($e 45 wit" t"e SC? - =it" re&ar t"e ori&ina$ action, t"e R#C i!)i!!e t"e ca!e ('on )otion of t"e re!'on ent! on t"e &ro(n of fai$(re to 'ro!ec(te? A''arent$1, t"e 'etitioner "a a!Ae for 'o!t'one)ent! o'enin& t"e oor for a c$ai) b1 t"e re!'on ent! of non-!(it? 4#"i! i! w"ere it beco)e! )ore intere!tin&5 Petitioner fi$e two a''ea$! wit" t"e CA? 7ot" a''ea$! rai!e e!!entia$$1 t"e !a)e i!!(e!? One of t"e a''ea$! an or inar1 a''ea$ an t"e ot"er i! a Petition for Certiorari (n er R($e 85 fi$e fo(r )ont"! after t"e fir!t? #"e CA r($e in favor of t"e 'etitioner (n er t"e or inar1 a''ea$ b(t a )otion for recon!i eration wa! fi$e b1 t"e re!'on ent! an t"e CA "a! 1et to r($e on t"i! recon!i eration )otion? #"e ot"er a''ea$ wa! i!)i!!e on t"e &ro(n t"at 2( &)ent of t"e R#C can on$1 be a''ea$e via an or inar1 a''ea$ an not b1 certiorari? :ence t"i! 'etition for review (n er R($e 45 wit" t"e SC? ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"e enia$ of t"e Motion to a )it !(''$e)enta$ Co)'$aint i! va$i 2? =O; t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e 'etition for certiorari wit" re&ar t"e ori&ina$ action i! 'ro'er HELD 1? ;o? A! it! ver1 na)e enote!, a !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& on$1 !erve! to bo$!ter or a !o)et"in& to t"e 'ri)ar1 '$ea in&? A !(''$e)ent e6i!t! !i e b1 !i e wit" t"e ori&ina$? It oe! not re'$ace t"at w"ic" it !(''$e)ent? Moreover, a !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& a!!()e! t"at t"e ori&ina$ '$ea in& i! to !tan an t"at t"e i!!(e! 2'ine wit" t"e ori&ina$ '$ea in& re)aine an i!!(e to be trie in t"e action? It i! b(t a contin(ation of t"e co)'$aint? It! (!(a$ office i! to !et (' new fact! w"ic" 2(!tif1, en$ar&e or c"an&e t"e Ain of re$ief wit" re!'ect to t"e !a)e !(b2ect )atter a! t"e controver!1 referre to in t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint? In t"i! ca!e, t"e con!o$i ation of t"e tit$e over t"e 'ro'ert1 in t"e na)e of t"e re!'on ent, Man(e$ S1, an t"e i!!(e a! to w"et"er it 'rec$( e 'etitioner a! a$$e&e co-owner fro) e6erci!in& t"e ri&"t of $e&a$ re e)'tion, are new )atter! t"at occ(rre after t"e fi$in& of t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint? #"e re$ief 'ra1 for in t"e S(''$e)enta$ co)'$aint, w"ic" i! t"e e6erci!e of t"e ri&"t of $e&a$ re e)'tion accor e to coowner! of 'ro'ert1, i! &er)ane to an intertwine wit" t"e ca(!e of action in t"e Co)'$aint for t"e n($$ification? #"e ri&"t of $e&a$ re e)'tion a! co-owner i! conferre b1 $aw an i! )ere$1 a nat(ra$ con!e/(ence of co-owner!"i'? :ence 'etitioner0! ca(!e of action for $e&a$ re e)'tion a! e)bo ie in t"e !(''$e)enta$ co)'$aint !te)! irect$1 fro) an i! an e6ten!ion of "er ri&"t! a! co-owner of t"e 'ro'ert1 !(b2ect of t"e co)'$aint? A$!o a! 'etitioner correct$1 'ointe o(t, even if t"e tria$ co(rt eci e! in "er favor, t"e re e)'tion 'erio wo($ "ave $a'!e a$rea 1 an wo($ not for) 'art of t"e eci!ion !ince it i! not 'ra1e for, )(c" $e!! a$$e&e in t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint? In !(c" a ca!e, t"e re!'on ent! co($ o''o!e t"e e6erci!e !ince it wo($ not "ave been inc$( e in t"e eci!ion over t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint? 2? Ce!? #"e 'etitioner i! &(i$t1 of for() !"o''in&? +or() !"o''in& con!i!t! of fi$$in& )($ti'$e !(it! invo$vin& t"e !a)e 'artie! for t"e !a)e ca(!e of action, eit"er !i)($taneo(!$1 or !(cce!!ive$1, t"e t"e '(r'o!e of obtainin& a favorab$1 2( &)ent? #"ere i! for() !"o''in& w"ere t"ere e6i!t@ 4a5 i entit1 of 'artie!, or at $ea!t !(c" 'artie! a! re're!ent t"e !a)e intere!t! in bot" action!; 4b5 i entit1 of ri&"t! a!!erte an re$ief 'ra1e for, t"e re$ief bein& fo(n e on t"e !a)e fact!; 4c5 t"e i entit1 of t"e two 'rece in& 'artic($ar! i! !(c" t"at an1 2( &)ent ren ere in t"e 'en in& ca!e, re&ar $e!! of w"ic" 'art1 i! !(cce!!f($ wo($ a)o(nt to re! 2( icata? #"e eci!ion of t"e R#C i! i!)i!!in& t"e ca!e i! a fina$ or er an t"e 'ro'er re)e 1 a&ain!t !(c" fina$ or er i! a''ea$ an not certiorari? A! a &enera$ r($e, a writ of certiorari !i$$ not i!!(e w"ere t"e re)e 1 of a''ea$ i! avai$ab$e to t"e a&&rieve 'art1? #"e re)e ie! of a''ea$ in t"e or inar1 co(r!e of $aw an t"at of certiorari (n er R($e 85 are )(t(a$$1 e6c$(!ive an not a$ternative or c()($ative? "ence t"e !'ecia$ civi$ action of certiorari (n er R($e 85 cannot be a !(b!tit(te for an a''ea$ w"ere t"e $atter re)e 1 i! avai$ab$e? #"i! i! a fir) 2( icia$ 'o$ic1? Disposition Petition for t"e non-!(it i! enie ? Petition for t"e a )i!!ion of t"e !(''$e)enta$ or er i! &rante ? #"e tria$ co(rt i! irecte to a )it !ai

ADen)e) %n) S,pp*eDen %* p*e%)in+# YOUN/ VS SPOUSES SY /R N!. =42294 AUSTRIA- MARTINEZ, Sep eD6e" 85, 8BB5
NATURE Con!o$i ate 'etition! for review on Certiorari FACTS - Petitioner fi$e a co)'$aint for n($$ification of Secon S(''$e)enta$ E6tra-2( icia$ !ett$e)ent, )ort&a&e, forec$o!(re !a$e, an ta6 ec$aration a&ain!t re!'on ent! on Ma1 20, 2000? #"e co)'$aine a$$e&e t"at t"e /(e!tione 'artition w"ic" wa! e6ec(te b1 "er )ot"er wa! (nenforceab$e !ince at t"e ti)e of t"e e6ec(tion t"e 'etitioner wa! on$1 15 1ear! o$ an t"at no co(rt a''rova$ wa! !ec(re ? :er )ot"er obtaine a $oan fro) t"e !'o(!e! re!'on ent! an (!e t"e 'ro'ert1 a! !ec(rit1 4)ort&a&e5? 3(e to non-'a1)ent t"e 'ro'ert1 wa! forec$o!e an !o$ to re!'on ent! a! "i&"e!t bi er!? #"e ee of !a$e "a! been fi$e wit" t"e Re&i!ter of 3ee an t"e re!'on ent! obtaine n t"eir na)e a ta6 ec$aration over t"e 'ro'ert1? - Petitioner !(b!e/(ent$1 fi$e wit" t"e !a)e R#C a Motion to A )it S(''$e)enta$ Co)'$aint to invoAe "er ri&"t to e6erci!e $e&a$ re e)'tion over t"e 'ro'ert1? #"i! !(''$e)enta$ )otion wa! enie b1 t"e R#C on 3ece)ber 2>, 2000? Petitioner fi$e a Petition for Certiorari an Man a)(! (n er R($e 85 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt wit" t"e CA? #"e CA i!)i!!e t"e 'etition on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e ca(!e of action in t"e

.8 co)'$aint? t"e r($e i! fir)$1 entrenc"e in o(r $aw t"at 2(ri! iction once ac/(ire contin(e! (nti$ t"e ca!e i! fina$$1 ter)inate 2? CES - It i! tr(e t"at t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint wa! fi$e after t"e effectivit1 ate of RA.>2>? It i! $iAewi!e tr(e t"at t"e e)an t"erein )a e oe! not e6cee P10,000, an , t"erefore, i! not wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance if it were an in e'en ent action? 7(t t"e t"ir 'art1 co)'$aint i! an ancillar! !(it w"ic" e'en ! on t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over t"e )ain action? Since t"e tria$ co(rt "a ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e co)'$aint, it nece!!ari$1 fo$$ow! t"at it $iAewi!e "a 2(ri! iction over t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint w"ic" i! b(t an inci ent t"ereof? #"i! )(!t be !o beca(!e 2(ri! iction over t"e )ain ca!e e)brace! a$$ inci enta$ )atter! ari!in& t"erefro) an connecte t"erewit"? A contrar1 r($e wo($ re!($t in *!'$it 2(ri! iction* w"ic" i! not favore , an in )($ti'$icit1 of !(it!, a !it(ation obno6io(! to t"e or er$1 a )ini!tration of 2(!tice? Talisa%0+ila% .illing Co.( et al. vs. CIR( et al; #"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint i! b(t a contin(ation of t"e )ain action, it! '(r'o!e bein& )ere$1 to !eeA *contrib(tion, in e)nit1, !(bro&ation or an1 ot"er re$ief, in re!'ect of "i! o''onentD! c$ai)?* 4R($e 8, See? 12?5 #"e ai) i! to avoi t"e action! w"ic" !"o($ be trie to&et"er to !ave t"e ti)e an co!t of a re ('$ication of evi ence, to obtain con!i!tent re!($t! fro) i entica$ or !i)i$ar evi ence, an to o awa1 wit" t"e !erio(! "an ica' to a efen ant of a ti)e ifference between a 2( &)ent a&ain!t "i) an a 2( &)ent in "i! favor a&ain!t t"e t"ir 'art1 efen ant? Petitioner! (r&e t"at a r($e !i)i$ar to t"e r($e on co(nterc$ai) be a o'te ? 7(t a t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint cannot be $iAene to a co(nterc$ai) w"ic" )(!t be wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt tr1in& t"e )ain ca!e, beca(!e (n$iAe a t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint, a co(nterc$ai) *nee not i)ini!" or efeat t"e recover1 !o(&"t b1 t"e o''o!in& 'art1, b(t )a1 c$ai) it!e$f e6cee in& in a)o(nt or ifferent in Ain fro) t"at !o(&"t in t"e o''o!in& 'art1D! c$ai)* 4R($e 8, Sec? 85? A t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint )a1 $iAewi!e be $iAene to a cro!! c$ai) (n er R($e -, !ection 5? ??? #"e 'rinci'$e i! at once a''arent, na)e$1, t"at w"ere an action i! anci$$ar1 to a )ain action over w"ic" a co(rt "a! 2(ri! iction, no in e'en ent 2(ri! iction i! nee e to enab$e t"e co(rt to taAe co&niBance of t"e anci$$ar1 action? Disposition t"e or er ate 3ece)ber 2, 1-8. i!)i!!in& t"e t"ir 'art1 co)'$aint i! !et a!i e; t"e eci!ion ate 3ece)ber ., 1-8. i! )o ifie in t"e !en!e t"at t"e t"ir -'art1 efen ant! are "ereb1 or ere to 'a1 to t"e S(ret1 w"atever !()! t"e $atter wi$$ 'a1 to t"e Re'(b$ic b1 virt(e of t"e 2( &)ent a''ea$e fro)?

T-i") P%" ( C!Dp*%in , e c. REPUBLIC V CENTRAL SURETY P INSURANCE COMPANY 85 SCRA 29= CASTRO< Oc !6e" 85, =>5:
NATURE FACTS - October 2., 1-5- O Re'(b$ic of t"e P"i$i''ine! fi$e !(it a&ain!t t"e Centra$ S(ret1 N In!(rance Co)'an1 an Man&oba, )ana&er of t"e bon e'art)ent !tatin& t"at Po Uee Ua) w"o wa! t"e !(b2ect of e'ortation 'rocee in&! in w"o) t"e bon wa! )a e in favor of, i not a''ear in !(c" 'rocee in&! e!'ite notice to t"e S(ret1? #"i! con!tit(te a vio$ation of t"e con ition! of t"e bon ca(!in& t"e forfeit(re of t"e bon )a e b1 t"e S(ret1 in favor of t"e &overn)ent? Re'(b$ic c$ai)! P5,000 4a)o(nt of bon 5 an P1,000 4att10! fee!5 - ,($1 5, 1-8. O S(ret1 fi$e it! an!wer@ 415 t"at it! bon cannot be )a e $iab$e be1on t"e a)o(nt of P5,000; 425 t"at it i! not $iab$e for attorne1D! fee! in t"e ab!ence of an1 !ti'($ation to t"at effect; 4.5 t"at t"e co(rt "a! no 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e a! t"e a)o(nt invo$ve i! on$1 P5,000; an 445 t"at t"e Re'(b$ic "a! no ca(!e of action? - ,($1 .0, 1-8. O S(ret1 fi$e a t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint, wit" $eave of co(rt, a&ain!t Po Uee Ua) an #on1 <o a$$e&in& t"at for con!i eration of t"e bon , t"e t"ir -'art1 efen ant!, e6ec(te an in e)nit1 a&ree)ent in favor of t"e S(ret1 to in e)nif1 it for a)a&e, $o!!, e6'en!e! etc an t"at in t"e event 2( &)ent i! ren ere a&ain!t it, t"e t"ir 'art1 efen ant! be or ere to rei)b(r!e - Se'te)ber 9, 1-8. O t"e t"ir -'art1 efen ant! an!wer@ efen!e t"at t"e ca!e i! 're)at(re a! t"e )ain ca!e "a! not 1et been ter)inate ? - 3ece)ber 2, 1-8. O ('on verba$ )otion of t"e t"ir 'art1 efen ant!, t"e tria$ co(rt i!)i!!e t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint for $acA of 2(ri! iction t"at t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint wa! fi$e after t"e 'a!!a&e of RA .>2> conferrin& ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction on t"e M(nici'a$ Co(rt in civi$ ca!e! invo$vin& not )ore t"an P10,000?00, an t"at t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint refer! to a c$ai) of on$1 P8,000?00 - 3ece)ber ., 1-8. O #C or ere !(ret1 to 'a1 t"e Re'(b$ic P5,000, wit" intere!t - CA@ S(ret1 inter'o!e it! a''ea$ fro) t"e or er i!)i!!in& it! t"ir 'art1 co)'$aint an fro) t"e eci!ion or erin& it to 'a1 t"e Re'(b$ic t"e a)o(nt of P5,000, conten in& t"at t"e tria$ co(rt erre in 415 not ec$arin& it!e$f wit"o(t 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect-)atter of t"e action, an 425 i!)i!!in& t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint? 7(t it certifie t"e ca!e to SC '(r!(ant to Sec 2 Artic$e %III of t"e Con!tit(tion an Sec 194.5 of RA 2-8 w"ere 2(ri! iction of #C i! in i!!(e ISSUES 1? =O; t"e tria$ co(rt "a 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect-)atter of t"e )ain action 2? =O; t"e tria$ co(rt "a 2(ri! iction over t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint HELD 1? CES - Even t"o(&" t"e tota$ a)o(nt invo$ve i! on$1 P8,000 4P5,000 (n er t"e bon an P1,000 a! attorne1D! fee!5 an a co(rt of fir!t in!tance i! ve!te wit" 2(ri! iction on$1 over ca!e! in w"ic" t"e e)an , e6c$(!ive of intere!t, or t"e va$(e of t"e 'ro'ert1 in controver!1, e6cee ! P10,000, '(r!(ant to !ection 44 of Re'(b$ic Act 2-8, a! a)en e b1 Re'(b$ic Act .>2> w"ic" tooA effect on ,(ne 22, 1-8., t"e 're!ent action "avin& been fi$e on ,(ne 20, 1-8. 4two a1! before t"e effectivit1 of Re'(b$ic Act .>2> w"ic" broa ene t"e 2(ri! iction of )(nici'a$ an cit1 co(rt! to inc$( e ca!e! in w"ic" t"e e)an , e6c$(!ive of intere!t, or t"e va$(e of t"e 'ro'ert1 in controver!1, oe! not e6cee P10,0005 it i! cannot be ar&(e t"at t"e co(rtD! 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e wa! $o!t on ,(ne 22, 1-8., w"en Re'(b$ic Act .>2> tooA effect, an t"erefore t"e ca!e !"o($ "ave been re)an e to t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt? - It i! not i!'(te t"at t"e tria$ co(rt ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect-)atter on ,(ne 20, 1-8. w"en t"e co)'$aint wa! fi$e wit" it? It i! of no )o)ent t"at !())on! wa! !erve an t"at t"e ca!e wa! "ear an eci e after t"e effectivit1 of Re'(b$ic Act .>2>, beca(!e

ASIAN CONSTRUCTION V CA @MONARF EEUIPMENTA BB SCRA BB CALLEJO< M%( =2, 8BB4

NATURE Petition for review on certiorari eci!ion of CA FACTS - A!ian contr(ction $ea!e fro) MonarA E/(i')ent !evera$ 'iece! of e/(i')ent w"ic" it fai$e to 'a1 for, e!'ite e)an !? MonarA t"en fi$e in t"e R#C an action to recover a !() of )one1 a)o(ntin& to P5 )i$$ion '$(! 12J intere!t? A!ian fi$e a )otion to fi$e an a )it an!wer wit" .r 'art1 co)'$aint a&ain!t 7ect"e$ Over!ea! Cor'? A!ian, a$t"o(&" a )ittin& t"e it! in ebte ne!! to MonarA, c$ai)e t"at it (!e t"e $ea!e e/(i')ent to 'erfor) !ervice! in favor of 7ect"e$, w"ic" in t(rn fai$e to 'a1 A!ian for t"e !a)e? A!ian c$ai)! t"at it nee ! to i)'$ea 7ect"e$ for Fcontrib(tion, in e)nit1, !(bro&ation, or ot"er re$ief! to off-!et or to 'a1 t"e a)o(nt of )one1L c$ai)e b1 MonarA? MonarA in t(rn fi$e a )otion for !())ar1 2( &)ent, conten in& t"at t"ere were no &en(ine i!!(e! rai!e ? - R#C@ Motion of A!ian for $eave to fi$e a . r 'art co)'$aint wa! enie , b(t )otion of MonarA for !())ar1 2( &)ent &rante 4R#C con!i ere t"i! a! )otion for 2( &)ent on t"e '$ea in&!5? ,( &)ent or ere A!ian to 'a1 MonarA P5 )i$$ion '$(! intere!t - A!ian a''ea$e to CA? CA affir)e , !(!tainin& t"e i!a$$owance of t"e .r 'art1 co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e tran!action between t"e !ai 'artie! i not ari!e o(t of t"e !a)e tran!action on w"ic" MonarA0! c$ai) wa! ba!e ? M+R wa! a$!o enie ? ISSUE0S 1? =O; a .r -'art1 co)'$aint i! 'ro'er

.9 2? =O; 2( &)ent on t"e '$ea in&! i! 'ro'er HELD 1? ;O Ratio Section 11, R($e 8 'rovi e!@ FDrd =fourth# etc.>.part! complaint? M A .r 4fo(rt", etc?5 M 'art1 co)'$aint i! a c$ai) t"at a efen in& 'art1 )a1, wit" $eave of co(rt, fi$e a&ain!t a 'er!on not a 'art1 to t"e action, ca$$e t"e .r 4fo(rt", etc?5 M 'art1 efen ant, for contrib(tion, in e)nit1, !(bro&ation or an1 ot"er re$ief, in re!'ect of "i! o''onent0! c$ai)?L Reasoning P(r'o!e of t"e r($e@ 'er)it a efen ant to a!!ert an in e'en ent c$ai) a&ain!t a .r -'art1 w"ic" "e, ot"erwi!e, wo($ a!!ert in anot"er action, t"(! 'reventin& )($ti'$icit1 of !(it!? #"i! i! a r($e of 'roce (re an oe! not create a !(b!tantia$ ri&"t? ;eit"er oe! it abri &e, en$ar&e, or n($$if1 t"e !(b!tantia$ ri&"t! of an1 $iti&ant? #"i! ri&"t to fi$e a .r -'art1 co)'$aint a&ain!t a .r -'art1 re!t! in t"e i!cretion of t"e tria$ co(rt? #"e .r -'art1 co)'$aint i! act(a$$1 in e'en ent of, !e'arate an i!tinct fro) t"e '$aintiff0! co)'$aint, !(c" t"at were it not for t"e r($e, it wo($ "ave to be fi$e !e'arate$1 fro) t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint? - Prere/(i!ite to t"e e6erci!e of ri&"t@ !o)e !(b!tantive ba!i! for a .r 'art1 c$ai) i! fo(n to e6i!t, w"et"er t"e ba!i! be one of in e)nit1, !(bro&ation, contrib(tion or ot"er !(b!tantive ri&"t? 7rin&in& of a .r 'art1 efen ant i! 'ro'er if "e wo($ be $iab$e to '$aintiff, efen ant or bot" for a$$ or 'art of t"e '$aintiff0! c$ai) a&ain!t t"e ori&ina$ efen ant, a$t"o(&" t"e .r -'art1 efen ant0! $iabi$it1 ari!e! o(t of anot"er tran!action? - #"e efen ant )a1 i)'$ea anot"er a! .r -'art1 efen ant 4a5 on an a$$e&ation of $iabi$it1 of t"e $atter to t"e efen ant for contrib(tion, in e)nit1, !(bro&ation or an1 ot"er re$ief; 4b5 on t"e &ro(n of irect $iabi$it1 of t"e .r -'art1 efen ant to t"e '$aintiff; or 4c5 t"e $iabi$it1 of t"e .r -'art1 efen ant to bot" t"e '$aintiff an t"e efen ant? - #"ere )(!t be a ca(!a$ connection between t"e c$ai) of t"e '$aintiff in "i! co)'$aint an a c$ai) for contrib(tion, in e)nit1 or ot"er re$ief of t"e efen ant a&ain!t t"e .r -'art1 efen ant? - Capa!as v. C54@ Co(rt )a e o(t t"e ff te!t!@ 415 w"et"er it ari!e! o(t of t"e !a)e tran!action on w"ic" t"e '$aintiff0! c$ai) i! ba!e ; or w"et"er t"e .r -'art1 c$ai), a$t"o(&" ari!in& o(t of anot"er or ifferent contract or tran!action, i! connecte wit" t"e '$aintiff0! c$ai); 425 w"et"er t"e .r -'art1 efen ant wo($ be $iab$e to t"e '$aintiff or to t"e efen ant for a$$ or 'art of t"e '$aintiff0! c$ai) a&ain!t t"e ori&ina$ efen ant, a$t"o(&" t"e .r -'art1 efen ant0! $iabi$it1 ari!e! o(t of anot"er tran!action; an 4.5 w"et"er t"e .r -'art1 efen ant )a1 a!!ert an1 efen!e! w"ic" t"e .r -'art1 '$aintiff "a! or )a1 "ave to t"e '$aintiff0! c$ai)? - .r -'art1 co)'$aint oe! not "ave to !"ow wit" certaint1 t"at t"ere wi$$ be recover1 a&ain!t t"e .r -'art1 efen ant; !(fficient t"at '$ea in&! !"ow 'o!!ibi$it1 of recover1? In eter)inin& t"e !(fficienc1 of t"e .r 'art1 co)'$aint, t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint an t"e .r 'art1 co)'$aint )(!t be e6a)ine ? A .r -'art1 co)'$aint )(!t a$$e&e fact! w"ic" prima facie !"ow t"at t"e efen ant i! entit$e to contrib(tion, in e)nit1, !(bro&ation or ot"er re$ief fro) t"e .r -'art1 efen ant? - In t"i! ca!e, t"e c$ai)! of MonarA a&ain!t A!ian aro!e o(t of t"e contract! of $ea!e an !a$e; !(c" tran!action! are ifferent an !e'arate fro) t"o!e between 7ect"e$ an A!ian w"ere t"e e/(i')ent $ea!e fro) MonarA wa! (!e b1 t"e 'etitioner? #"ere i! no !"owin& in t"e 'ro'o!e .r -'art1 co)'$aint t"at 7ect"e$ Anew or a''rove t"e (!e of t"e $ea!e e/(i')ent b1 A!ian for t"e !ai 'ro2ect - fact t"at A!ian (!e t"e e/(i')ent it $ea!e fro) MonarA in connection wit" it! 'ro2ect wit" 7ect"e$ oe! not 'rovi e a !(b!tantive ba!i! for t"e fi$in& of a .r -'art1 co)'$aint a&ain!t t"e $atter? #"ere i! no ca(!a$ connection between t"e c$ai) of MonarA, an t"e fai$(re of 7ect"e$ to 'a1 t"e ba$ance of it! acco(nt to A!ian after t"e co)'$etion of t"e 'ro2ect? 2? CES Ratio Section 1, R($e .4@ F*udgment on the pleadings? M ="ere an an!wer fai$! to ten er an i!!(e, or, ot"erwi!e, a )it! t"e )ateria$ a$$e&ation! of t"e a ver!e 'art10! '$ea in&, t"e co(rt )a1, on )otion of t"at 'art1, irect 2( &)ent on !(c" '$ea in&? :owever, in action! for ec$aration of n($$it1 or ann($)ent of )arria&e or for $e&a$ !e'aration, t"e )ateria$ fact! a$$e&e in t"e co)'$aint !"a$$ a$wa1! be 'rove ?L Reasoning #"e enia$ of t"e 'etitioner0! )otion wit" $eave to fi$e a t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint a&ain!t 7ect"e$ i! wit"o(t 're2( ice to it! ri&"t to fi$e a !e'arate co)'$aint a&ain!t t"e $atter? - Con!i erin& t"at t"e 'etitioner a )itte it! $iabi$it1 for t"e 'rinci'a$ c$ai) of t"e re!'on ent in it! An!wer wit" #"ir -Part1 Co)'$aint, t"e tria$ co(rt i not err in ren erin& 2( &)ent on t"e '$ea in&! a&ain!t it? Disposition Petition i! enie ?

COMPULSORY COUNTERCLAIM0CROSS-CLAIM CALO %ppe**%n , '#.AJAO INTERNATIONAL, INC, )e&en)%n -%ppe**ee 88 SCRA >>5 BEN/ZON, M%"c- =1, =>5:
NATURE Petition for certiorari, 'ro"ibition an )an a)(! on eci!ion of C+I of A&(!an i!)i!!in& t"e co)'$aint of Ca$o FACTS -So)eti)e on Ma1 9, 1-5-, '$aintiff-a''e$$ant Ca$o or ere fro) efen ant-a''e$$ee A2a6 Internationa$, Inc?, 1,200 ft? of ,o"n S"aw wire ro'e at P2?>5 'er foot? #"e tran!action wa! evi ence b1 C"ar&e Or er ;o? .9091, for P.,420?00? Accor in& to '$aintiff Ca$o, w"en t"e wire ro'e wa! e$ivere to 7(t(an Cit1, t"e !a)e wa! fo(n !"ort of .00 ft? P$aintiff t"en wrote two $etter! to efen ant a!Ain& for eit"er co)'$etion of e$iver1 or acco(nt a 2(!t)ent of t"e a$$e&e (n e$ivere .00 ft? of wire ro'e? -On ;ove)ber 20, 1-81, a co)'$aint ocAete a! Civi$ Ca!e ;o? I%-.082 wa! fi$e in t"e M(nici'a$ Co(rt of Mani$a b1 one A o$fo 7enavi e! w"o c$ai)e to "ave ac/(ire t"e o(t!tan in& cre it acco(nt of Ca$o fro) efen ant A2a6 Internationa$, Inc? C"ar&e Or er ;o? .9091 wa! a)on& t"o!e inc$( e in t"e a!!i&ne acco(nt? S(b!e/(ent$1, a 2( &)ent b1 efa($t wa! entere , an a writ of e6ec(tion i!!(e , a&ain!t '$aintiff Ca$o? -On ,an(ar1 2., 1-82, '$aintiff Ca$o, a!!i!te b1 "er "(!ban , Marco! Ca$o, fi$e in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of A&(!an a co)'$aint a&ain!t efen ant a!Ain& 415 t"at t"e $atter eit"er effect co)'$ete e$iver1 of C"ar&e Or er ;o? .9091 or t"at !"e be re$ieve fro) 'a1in& P>55?00 an 425 t"at t"e $atter in e)nif1 "er for P12,000 a! attorne1D! fee!, a)a&e! an e6'en!e! of $iti&ation?2 #"e ca!e wa! ocAete a! Civi$ Ca!e ;o? >80? -In!tea of fi$in& an an!wer, efen ant )ove for t"e i!)i!!a$ of Civi$ Ca!e >80 on t"e &ro(n , inter a$ia, t"at t"e !(b2ect t"ereof wa! invo$ve an inti)ate$1 re$ate to t"at in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? I%--.082 of t"e M(nici'a$ Co(rt of Mani$a? #"e co(rt a /(o !(!taine t"e )otion an i!)i!!e t"e ca!e? P$aintiff-a''e$$ant )ove for recon!i eration an new tria$? ="en t"i! fai$e , !"e in!tit(te t"e 're!ent a''ea$? -#"e i!)i!!a$ of Civi$ Ca!e ;o? >80 b1 t"e co(rt a /(o beca(!e of t"e 'en enc1 of Civi$ Ca!e ;o? I%--.082 in t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt of Mani$a i! 're icate on t"e !(''o!ition t"at '$aintiffD! c$ai) i! a co)'($!or1 co(nter-c$ai) t"at !"o($ be fi$e in t"e $atter ca!e? #"ere i! no /(e!tion t"at it ari!e! o(t of t"e !a)e tran!action w"ic" i! t"e ba!i! of t"e co)'$aint in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? I%--.082 an oe! not re/(ire t"e 're!ence of t"ir 'artie! over w"o) t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt of Mani$a co($ not ac/(ire 2(ri! iction? ISSUE =O; '$aintiffD! c$ai) i! a co)'($!or1 co(nter-c$ai) t"at !"o($ be fi$e in t"e ear$ier ca!e HELD ;o? P$aintiffD! c$ai) i! not a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? I%--.082 for t"e !i)'$e rea!on t"at t"e a)o(nt t"ereof e6cee ! t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt? Reasoning #"e r($e t"at a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) not !et (' i! barre , w"en a''$ie to t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt, 're!(''o!e! t"at t"e a)o(nt invo$ve i! wit"in t"e !ai co(rtD! 2(ri! iction? Ot"erwi!e, a! t"i! Co(rt "a a$rea 1 note in C( La1 v? <a$)e! we wo($ co)e to t"e ab!(r !it(ation w"ere a c$ai) )(!t be fi$e wit" t"e )(nici'a$ co(rt w"ic" it i! 'ro"ibite fro) taAin& co&niBance of, bein& be1on it! 2(ri! iction? 7e!i e!, t"e rea!on (n er$1in& t"e r($e, w"ic" i! to !ett$e a$$ re$ate controver!ie! in one !ittin& on$1, oe! not obtain? +or, even if t"e co(nterc$ai) in e6ce!! of t"e a)o(nt co&niBab$e b1 t"e inferior co(rt i! !et (', t"e efen ant cannot obtain 'o!itive re$ief? #"e R($e! a$$ow t"i! on$1 for t"e efen ant to 'revent '$aintiff fro) recoverin& fro) "i)? #"i! )ean! t"at !"o($ t"e co(rt fin bot" '$aintiffD!

.> co)'$aint an efen antD! co(nterc$ai) 4for an a)o(nt e6cee in& !ai co(rtD! 2(ri! iction5 )eritorio(!, it wi$$ !i)'$1 i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at efen ant "a! a bi&&er cre it? Since efen ant !ti$$ "a! to in!tit(te a !e'arate action for t"e re)ainin& ba$ance of "i! co(nterc$ai), t"e 'revio(! $iti&ation i not rea$$1 !ett$e a$$ re$ate controver!ie!? Disposition P$aintiff Ca$oD! c$ai) of P12,000?00 not bein& a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? %I--.082, it nee not be fi$e t"ere? #"e 'en enc1 t"en of !ai civi$ ca!e co($ not be '$ea e in abate)ent of Civi$ Ca!e ;o? >80? Con!e/(ent$1, t"e $ower co(rt erre in i!)i!!in& '$aintiffD! co)'$aint?

/OJO V /OYALA
P%+e 85 NATURE A''ea$ fro) a eci!ion of t"e C+I of Sor!o&on FACTS -a$$e&e $1 a 'acto e retro !a$e 4t"e ot"er 'art1 a$$e&e it wa! a )ort&a&e5, <o2o t"e b(1er a$$e&e t"at t"e 'erio for re e)'tion "a! a$rea 1 $a'!e !o "e fi$e a 'etition for con!o$i ation of owner!"i'? -<o1a$a0!, t"e b(1er! w"o were a$$e&in& t"at t"e1 "a obtaine a ca!" $oan fro) <o2o an t"e $an a$$e&e $1 !o$ to <o2o wa! on$1 a !ec(rit1 to t"e $oan, an t"at t"e1 trie to 'a1 t"eir ebt to <o2o b(t <o2o ref(!e ? <o1a$a0! fi$e a co(nterc$ai) for <o2o to receive t"e a)o(nt (e, for t"e oc()ent to be ec$are a )ort&a&e an not a 'acto e retro !a$e, for P1>00 'er ann() for t"e fr(it! of !ai 'ro'ert1 an t"at, if ever t"e oc()ent be ee)e a 'acto e retro !a$e, for <o2o to be or ere to e6ec(te a ee of re!a$e in favor of t"e <o1a$a!? -<o1a$a0! !'o(!e ie , #C or ere <o2o to a)en t"e Co)'$aint to !(b!tit(te t"e !'o(!e wit" one of "er !(cce!!or! in intere!t a! 'art1? ;otwit"!tan in& t"e $a'!e of 4. a1! after recei't of co'1 of #C or er, <o2o a$$e&e $1 fai$e to !(b)it t"e a)en e co)'$aint !o <o1a$a fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! t"e 'etition? #C i!)i!!e co)'$aint, <o2o wa! a$!o ec$are in efa($t in re <o1a$a0! co(nterc$ai)? #C r($e in favor of <o1a$a? -A''e$$ant a''ea$e to t"e CA, w"ic" ('on fin in& t"at t"e !ai a''ea$ invo$ve! '(re$1 /(e!tion! of $aw, certifie t"e !a)e to t"e SC? ON COMPULSORY COUNTERCLAIM #"e a''e$$ant conten ! t"at t"ere i! no occa!ion for t"e #C to ec$are "i) in efa($t in re!'ect of a''e$$ee0! co(nterc$ai) a! !ai co(nterc$ai) fa$$! wit"in t"e cate&or1 of co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) w"ic" oe! not ca$$ for an in e'en ent an!wer a! t"e co)'$aint a$rea 1 enie! it! )ateria$ a$$e&ation!? It i! now !ett$e t"at a '$aintiff w"o fai$! or c"oo!e! not to an!wer a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) )a1 not be ec$are in efa($t, 'rinci'a$$1 beca(!e t"e i!!(e! rai!e in t"e co(nterc$ai) are ee)e a(to)atica$$1 2oine b1 t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint? -="i$e it i! tr(e t"at (n er Sec? . of R($e 19, a co)'$aint )a1 be i!)i!!e for fai$(re to 'ro!ec(te if t"e '$aintiff fai$! to co)'$1 wit" an or er of t"e co(rt, !ai 'rovi!ion cannot a''$1 w"en t"e or er i&nore i! a voi one, a! in t"i! ca!e? 4A! in Sec 20 of R($e ., t"e eat" of t"e efen ant in a contract(a$ )one1 c$ai) oe! i!)i!! !(c" action for recover1, b(t wi$$ be a$$owe to contin(e (nti$ fina$ 2( &)ent i! entere ? +avorab$e 2( &)ent obtaine b1 t"e '$aintiff !"a$$ be enforce in t"e )anner 'rovi e in t"e!e R($e! for 'ro!ec(tin& c$ai)! a&ain!t t"e e!tate of a ecea!e 'er!on? In 7arra)e a v! 7arbara, t"e SC "e$ t"at an or er to a)en t"e co)'$aint, before t"e 'ro'er !(b!tit(tion of 'artie! a! irecte b1 Sec? 19, R($e . 4Sec? 18, new $aw5, i! voi an i)'o!e! ('on t"e '$aintiff no (t1 to co)'$1 t"erewit" to t"e en t"at an or er i!)i!!in& t"e !ai co)'$aint, for !(c" non-co)'$iance, wo($ !i)i$ar$1 be voi ? It wa! f(rt"er "e$ in +erriera v! <onBa$e! t"at t"e contin(ance of a 'rocee in& (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of w"ic" a 'art1 t"ereto ie!, wit"o(t !(c" 'art1 "avin& been va$i $1 !(b!tit(te in accor ance wit" t"e r($e!, a)o(nt! to $acA of 2(ri! iction? Disposition =:ERE+ORE, t"e eci!ion a''ea$e fro) i! !et a!i e

FACTS - ,($1 .1, 1->9, t"e Re'(b$ic of t"e P"i$i''ine!, t"ro(&" t"e Pre!i entia$ Co))i!!ion on <oo <overn)ent 4PC<<5 wit" t"e a!!i!tance of So$icitor <enera$ +ranci!co C"aveB fi$e wit" t"e re!'on ent San i&anba1an a co)'$aint ocAete a! Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 00.. a&ain!t E (ar o Co2(an&co, ,r? an ,(an Ponce Enri$e, a)on& ot"er!, for reconve1ance, rever!ion an acco(ntin&, re!tit(tion an a)a&e!? -After t"e enia$ of "i! )otion to i!)i!!, re!'on ent Enri$e fi$e "i! an!wer wit" co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) an cro!!-c$ai) wit" a)a&e!? On ,an(ar1 .0, 1->-, re!'on ent San i&anba1an i!!(e a re!o$(tion w"ic" eferre #"e re!o$(tion of t"e Motion to 3i!)i!! t"e Co(nterc$ai) a&ain!t t"e P$aintiff &overn)ent (nti$ after tria$Re!'on ent Enri$e t"en re/(e!te $eave fro) t"e San i&anba1an to i)'$ea t"e 'etitioner an t"e PC<< officia$! a! 'art1 efen ant! for $o &in& t"i! a$$e&e *"ara!!)ent !(it* a&ain!t "i)? #"e )otion 'ra1in& for $eave to i)'$ea a itiona$ 'artie!4C"aveB et a$5 to "i! co(nterc$ai) wa! &rante in a re!o$(tion ate ,(ne >, 1->-, wit"o(t 're2( ice to t"e efen!e! w"ic" !ai efen ant! )a1 '(t fort" in ivi (a$$1 or in co))on, in t"eir 'er!ona$ ca'acitie! or ot"erwi!e? In a $ater re!o$(tion ate ;ove)ber 2, 1->-, re!'on ent San i&anba1an enie a )otion to recon!i er t"e ,(ne >, 1->re!o$(tion? #"ereafter, a$$ t"e PC<< officia$! fi$e t"eir an!wer to t"e co(nterc$ai)! invoAin& t"eir i))(nit1 fro) !(it! a! 'rovi e in Section 4 of E6ec(tive Or er ;o? 1? In!tea of fi$in& an an!wer, t"e 'etitioner co)e! to t"i! Co(rt a!!ai$in& t"e re!o$(tion! a! ren ere wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion a)o(ntin& to $acA of 2(ri! iction? Pe i i!ne"$# c*%iD -no co(nter-c$ai) can be fi$e a&ain!t "i) in "i! ca'acit1 a! So$icitor <enera$ !ince "e i! on$1 actin& a! co(n!e$ for t"e Re'(b$ic? :e cite! t"e ca!e of @orja v? @orja,> - !ince "e i! !i)'$1 t"e $aw1er in t"e ca!e, e6erci!in& "i! (t1 (n er t"e $aw to a!!i!t t"e <overn)ent in t"e fi$in& an 'ro!ec(tion of a$$ ca!e! '(r!(ant to Section 1, E6ec(tive Or er ;o? 14, "e cannot be !(e in a co(nterc$ai) in t"e !a)e ca!e? ISSUES 1?=O; C"aveB 4So$<En5i! i))(ne fro) !(it 2?=O; it i! 'ro'er to i)'$ea C"aveB 4a! So$<en5 'etitioner a! a itiona$ 'art1 efen ant in t"e co(nterc$ai) fi$e b1 re!'on ent Enri$e HELD 1?;o? #"e &enera$ r($e i! t"at '(b$ic officia$! can be "e$ 'er!ona$$1 acco(ntab$e for act! c$ai)e to "ave been 'erfor)e in connection wit" officia$ (tie! w"ere t"e1 "ave acte ultra vires or w"ere t"ere i! a !"owin& of ba fait"? Moreover, t"e 'etitionerD! ar&()ent t"at t"e i))(nit1 proviso (n er Section 44a5 of E6ec(tive Or er ;o? 1 a$!o e6ten ! to "i) i! not we$$taAen? A )ere invocation of t"e i))(nit1 c$a(!e oe! not ipso facto re!($t in t"e c"ar&e! bein& a(to)atica$$1 ro''e ? I))(nit1 fro) !(it cannot in!tit(tiona$iBe irre!'on!ibi$it1 an nonacco(ntabi$it1 nor &rant a 'rivi$e&e !tat(! not c$ai)e b1 an1 ot"er officia$ of t"e Re'(b$ic? 4id?, at 'a&e 5>85 ="ere t"e 'etitioner e6cee ! "i! a(t"orit1 a! So$icitor <enera$ act! in
8 #"e a''earance of a $aw1er a! co(n!e$ for a 'art1 an "i! 'artici'ation in a ca!e a! !(c" co(n!e$ oe! not )aAe "i) a 'art1 to t"e action? #"e fact t"at "e re're!ent! t"e intere!t! of "i! c$ient or t"at "e act! in t"eir be"a$f wi$$ not "o$ "i) $iab$e for or )aAe "i) entit$e to an1 awar t"at t"e Co(rt )a1 a 2( icate to t"e 'artie!, ot"er t"an "i! 'rofe!!iona$ fee!? #"e 'rinci'$e t"at a co(nterc$ai) cannot be fi$e a&ain!t 'er!on! w"o are actin& in re're!entation of anot"er Q !(c" a! tr(!tee! Q in t"eir in ivi (a$ ca'acitie! 4C"a)ber! v? Ca)eron, 2 +e ? R($e! Service, '? 155; 2- +? S(''? 9425 co($ be a''$ie wit" )ore force an effect in t"e ca!e of a co(n!e$ w"o!e 'artici'ation in t"e action i! )ere$1 confine to t"e 're'aration of t"e efen!e of "i! c$ient? A''e$$ant, "owever, a!!erte t"at "e fi$e t"e co(nterc$ai) a&ain!t !ai $aw1er not in "i! in ivi (a$ ca'acit1 b(t a! co(n!e$ for t"e "eir! of H(intin e 7or2a? 7(t a! we "ave a$rea 1 !tate t"at t"e e6i!tence of a $aw1er-c$ient re$ation!"i' oe! not )aAe t"e for)er a 'art1 to t"e action, even t"i! a$$e&ation of a''e$$ant wi$$ not a$ter t"e re!($t =e "ave arrive at 4at ''? -24--255

B%""e) i& n! #e ,p CHAVEZ V SANDI/ANBAYAN /.R. N!. >=1>= /UTIERREZ, JR< J%n,%"( 89, =>>=

.ba fait", or, a! conten e b1 t"e 'rivate re!'on ent, *)a$icio(!$1 con!'ir4e!5 wit" t"e PC<< co))i!!ioner! in 'er!ec(tin& re!'on ent Enri$e b1 fi$in& a&ain!t "i) an evi ent$1 ba!e$e!! !(it in ero&ation of t"e $atterD! con!tit(tiona$ ri&"t! an $ibertie!* 4Aollo, '? 4195, t"ere can be no /(e!tion t"at a co)'$aint for a)a&e! )a1 be fi$e a&ain!t "i)? :i&" 'o!ition in &overn)ent oe! not confer a $icen!e to 'er!ec(te or recA$e!!$1 in2(re anot"er? #"e action! &overne b1 Artic$e! 1-, 20, 21, an .2 of t"e Civi$ Co e on :()an Re$ation! )a1 be taAen a&ain!t '(b$ic officer! or 'rivate citiBen! a$iAe? 2? ;o? Senator Enri$e "a! to fi$e a !e'arate an i!tinct civi$ action for a)a&e! a&ain!t t"e So$icitor <enera$? -#"e c"ar&e! 're!!e b1 re!'on ent Enri$e for a)a&e! (n er Artic$e .2 of t"e Civi$ Co e ari!in& fro) t"e fi$in& of an a$$e&e "ara!!)ent !(it wit" )a$ice an evi ent ba fait" o not con!tit(te a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai)? In t"e ca!e of +iu Po v? @autista, 410. SCRA .>> V1->1W5, we r($e t"at a)a&e! c$ai)e to "ave been !(ffere a! a con!e/(ence of an action fi$e a&ain!t t"e 'etitioner )(!t be '$ea e in t"e !a)e action a! a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai)? =e were referrin&, "owever, to a ca!e fi$e b1 t"e 'rivate re!'on ent a&ain!t t"e 'etitioner! or 'artie! in t"e $iti&ation? In t"e 're!ent ca!e, t"e co(nterc$ai) wa! fi$e a&ain!t t"e $aw1er, not a&ain!t t"e 'art1 '$aintiff it!e$f? -#o a$$ow a co(nterc$ai) a&ain!t a $aw1er w"o fi$e! a co)'$aint for "i! c$ient!, w"o i! )ere$1 t"eir re're!entative in co(rt an not a '$aintiff or co)'$ainant in t"e ca!e wo($ $ea to )i!c"ievo(! con!e/(ence!? -#"e 'rob$e) i! 'artic($ar$1 'er'$e6in& for t"e So$icitor <enera$? A! co(n!e$ of t"e Re'(b$ic, t"e So$icitor <enera$ "a! to a''ear in controver!ia$ an 'o$itica$$1 c"ar&e ca!e!? It i! not (n(!(a$ for "i&" officia$! of t"e <overn)ent to (nwittin&$1 (!e !"ortc(t! in t"e Bea$o(! e!ire to e6'e ite e6ec(tive 'ro&ra)! or refor)!? #"e So$icitor <enera$ cannot $ooA at t"e!e ca!e! wit" in ifferent ne(tra$it1? :i! 'erce'tion of nationa$ intere!t an obe ience to in!tr(ction! fro) above )a1 co)'e$ "i) to taAe a !tance w"ic" to a re!'on ent )a1 a''ear too 'er!ona$ an bia!e ? It i! $iAewi!e (nrea!onab$e to re/(ire <overn)ent Pro!ec(tor! to efen t"e)!e$ve! a&ain!t co(nterc$ai)! in t"e ver1 !a)e ca!e! t"e1 are 'ro!ec(tin&? On +ebr(ar1 5, 1-9-, 3on ,(an Co2(an&co ie inte!tate? In t"e tria$ co(rtD! or er of October 22, 1-9-, "i! wife L(a$"ati, "erein 'etitioner, to&et"er wit" ne'"ew! an niece!, were !(b!tit(te a! 'artie!'$aintiff!? In it! eci!ion ate ,(ne .0, 1->., t"e inferior co(rt i!)i!!e t"e action for e2ect)ent for $acA of 2(ri! iction? It cite t"e (na!!ai$ab$e fact t"at %i$$e&a! an "er 're ece!!or!-in-intere!t "a been in act(a$ 'o!!e!!ion of t"e !(b2ect $an for no $e!! t"an !i6t1 1ear! an t"at in a ition, %i$$e&a! a!!erte an a ver!e c$ai) of owner!"i', t"(! tran!for)in& t"e !(it into an *accion '(b$iciana* w"ic" i! 'ro'er$1 co&niBab$e b1 co(rt! of fir!t in!tance 4now re&iona$ tria$ co(rt!5? On a''ea$ to t"e t"en Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance 4C+I5 of Ma$o$o!, 7ranc" [%, t"e inferior co(rt wa! rever!e in!ofar a! it "a erroneo(!$1 enie 2(ri! iction over t"e e2ect)ent ca!e? #"e tria$ co(rt t"en or ere %i$$e&a! to vacate t"e 're)i!e! an to !(rren er 'o!!e!!ion t"ereof to "erein 'etitioner Co2(an&co? #"e ca!e wa! e$evate to t"e a''e$$ate co(rt an to t"e S('re)e Co(rt an in bot" in!tance!, "erein 'etitioner Co2(an&coD! ri&"t of 'o!!e!!ion over t"e $an wa! ('"e$ ? After entr1 of 2( &)ent wa! )a e on ;ove)ber 20, 1->5, "erein 'etitioner went to t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt of Ma$o$o!, 7ranc" [%, w"ere !"e fi$e a )otion for e6ec(tion of t"e 2( &)ent, w"ic" t"e co(rt &rante on ,(ne .0, 1->8? On ,($1 2-, 1->8, a writ of e)o$ition wa! i!!(e a&ain!t %i$$e&a!, w"o i not o''o!e t"e or ere e)o$ition b(t in!tea a!Ae t"e $ower co(rt to &ive "er )ore ti)e 4fort1 a1! fro) A(&(!t 9, 1->85 to effect t"e tran!fer of "er 'er!ona$ 'ro'ertie! an to re)ove t"e i)'rove)ent! on t"e !(b2ect $ot to w"ic" )otion t"e co(rt acce e ? On Se'te)ber 18, 1->8, before t"e $a'!e of t"e &race 'erio , %i$$e&a! fi$e a !e'arate civi$ action ocAete a! Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -0-4-M a&ain!t 'etitioner Co2(an&co an t"e 'rovincia$ !"eriff *for !'ecific 'erfor)ance wit" (r&ent 'ra1er for i!!(ance of a te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er an 're$i)inar1 in2(nction?* #"i! ca!e, in!tea of bein& referre to 7ranc" [% w"ic" "a ear$ier i!!(e t"e writ of e)o$ition, wa! raff$e to anot"er Ma$o$o! branc" of t"e 7($acan #ria$ Co(rt, !'ecifica$$1 7ranc" [%II w"ic" i!!(e on t"e !a)e a1, Se'te)ber 18, 1->8, a te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er en2oinin& Co2(an&co an 'artic($ar$1 t"e !"eriff *fro) enforcin& or i)'$e)entin& t"e Or er of 3e)o$ition i!!(e in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 9042-M ? ? ?* #"i! wa! fo$$owe b1 anot"er or er ate October 8, 1->8 &rantin& a writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction? #"e twin or er! are now t"e !(b2ect of t"e in!tant 'etition for certiorari on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e1 "ave been i!!(e wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion a)o(ntin& to $acA of 2(ri! iction? ISSUES 1? ="et"er or not t"e re!'on ent co(rt va$i $1 i!!(e an in2(nction 2? ="et"er or not %i$$e&a! can !(cce!!f($$1 rai!e an in e'en ent action to a!!ert t"at !"e an "er 're ece!!or! are b(i$ er! in &oo fait" an t"at t"e1 are entit$e to recover t"e va$(e of i)'rove)ent! on t"e $ot? HELD 1? ;O? Ratio. A! ear$1 a! 1-22 in t"e ca!e of Cabi&ao v? 3e$ Ro!ario, t"i! Co(rt $ai own t"e octrine t"at *no co(rt "a! 'ower to interfere b1 in2(nction wit" t"e 2( &)ent! or ecree! of a co(rt of conc(rrent or coor inate 2(ri! iction "avin& 'ower to &rant t"e re$ief !o(&"t b1 in2(nction?* Reasoning. #"e vario(! branc"e! of t"e co(rt of fir!t in!tance of a 'rovince or cit1, "avin& a! t"e1 "ave t"e !a)e or e/(a$ a(t"orit1 an e6erci!in& a! t"e1 o conc(rrent an coor inate 2(ri! iction, !"o($ not, cannot an are not 'er)itte to interfere wit" t"eir re!'ective ca!e!, )(c" $e!! wit" t"eir or er! or 2( &)ent!? A contrar1 r($e wo($ obvio(!$1 $ea to conf(!ion an !erio(!$1 "a)'er t"e a )ini!tration of 2(!tice? 2? ;O Ratio. R($e -, Section 4 of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt on co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) 'rovi e! t"e an!wer? It !tate!@ *A co(nterc$ai) or cro!!-c$ai) not !et (' !"a$$ be barre if it ari!e! o(t of or i! nece!!ari$1 connecte wit", t"e tran!action or occ(rrence t"at i! t"e !(b2ect-)atter of t"e o''o!in& 'art1D! or co-'art1D! c$ai) an

LUALHATI A. COJUAN/CO '#. PURIFICACION VILLE/AS =:9 SCRA 129 FERNAN,

NATURE #"e in!tant 'etition for certiorari an 'ro"ibition rai!e! t"e ($ti)ate i!!(e of w"et"er or not t"e e6ec(tion of a fina$ 2( &)ent in an e2ect)ent ca!e )a1 be !ta1e b1 a co-e/(a$ co(rt in or er t"at t"e ri&"t of in e)nification an retention of an a$$e&e b(i$ er in &oo fait" )a1 not be ren ere )eanin&$e!! or i$$(!or1 in an in e'en ent civi$ action for !'ecific 'erfor)ance? FACTS Petitioner L(a$"ati A$ aba Co2(an&co i! t"e wi ow of 3on ,(an Co2(an&co, t"e re&i!tere owner of t"e i!'(te 'arce$ of re!i entia$ $an containin& an area of 5>5 !/(are )eter! an !it(ate at San A&(!tin, Ma$o$o!, 7($acan? Man1 1ear! bacA 4abo(t !i6t1 1ear!, accor in& to t"e )(nici'a$ tria$ co(rt5 t"e 'arent! of 'rivate re!'on ent P(rificacion %i$$e&a!, wit" t"e ac/(ie!cence of 3on ,(an Co2(an&co, con!tr(cte a re!i entia$ "o(!e an $ater a !tr(ct(re "o(!in& a baAer1 on t"e afore!ai $ot? It wa! (n er!too t"at t"e1 co($ re)ain on t"e $an wit" "i! b$e!!in&! an wit"o(t 'a1in& renta$! on con ition t"at t"e1 wo($ vacate t"e 're)i!e! w"en nee e b1 t"e owner? After "er 'arentD! eat", %i$$e&a! re)aine in t"e 'ro'ert1, renovatin& t"e !a)e an !'en in& P.00,000?00 in t"e 'roce!!? S"e a$!o $ea!e o(t a 'ortion of t"e $an to Sia'no A''$iance! at P800?00 a )ont" wit"o(t t"e Anow$e &e an con!ent of 3on ,(an Co2(an&co? #"i! $atter act a''arent$1 e!tro1e "er con&enia$ re$ation! wit" t"e $an owner beca(!e !oon t"ereafter, 3on ,(an Co2(an&co, t"ro(&" "i! attorne1 in fact, e)an e t"at !"e $eave t"e 'ro'ert1? 3e!'ite "i! re'eate written e)an ! for "er to !(rren er 'o!!e!!ion of t"e 'ro'ert1, %i$$e&a! ref(!e , 'ro)'tin& Co2(an&co to in!tit(te e2ect)ent 'rocee in&! a&ain!t "er before t"e M(nici'a$ #ria$ Co(rt 4M#C5 of Ma$o$o!, 7($acan, 7ranc" I on A(&(!t 2., 1-9>?

40 oe! not re/(ire for it! a 2( ication t"e 're!ence of t"ir 'artie! of w"o) t"e co(rt cannot ac/(ire 2(ri! iction? Reasoning. %i$$e&a!D c$ai) to recover co)'en!ation for i)'rove)ent! )a e on t"e $an i! e!!entia$$1 in t"e nat(re of a co(nterc$ai) !ince it i! interwoven wit" t"e fact of 'o!!e!!ion? Sai c$ai) for co)'en!ation !"o($ "ave been 're!ente a! a co(nterc$ai) in t"e e2ect)ent !(it? It i! ee)e barre if not rai!e on ti)e an t"e 'art1 in error i! 'rec$( e fro) !ettin& it (' in a !(b!e/(ent $iti&ation? -#"e r($e on co)'($!or1 co(nter-c$ai) i! e!i&ne to enab$e t"e i!'o!ition of t"e entire conf$ict at one ti)e an in one action? #"e '"i$o!o'"1 of t"e r($e i! to 3ISCOIRA<E MIL#IPLICI#C O+ SII#S? -Accor in& to %i$$e&a!, t"e rea!on w"1 t"e co(nterc$ai) for in e)nification wa! not )a e in t"e ori&ina$ action wa! beca(!e it beca)e a *ri'e i!!(e* on$1 after t"e e2ect)ent 'rocee in&!? %i$$e&a! conten e t"at t"e e!to''e$ of 2( &)ent co($ on$1 e6ten to t"o!e fact! an con ition! e6i!tin& at t"e ti)e t"e 2( &)ent wa! ren ere an not to t"o!e w"ic" !('ervene before t"e !econ !(it? -#"e ar&()ent i! (ntenab$e? In "er '$ea in&!, %i$$e&a! re'eate $1 !tre!!e t"at t"e re!i entia$ "o(!e w"ic" "er 'arent! "a con!tr(cte wa! a$rea 1 t"ere on t"e /(e!tione $ot for a! $on& a! !"e co($ re)e)ber, t"at !"e "er!e$f "a! $ive t"ere a$$ "er $ife an t"at in t"e "one!t be$ief t"at t"e $an "a been * onate * to "er 'arent! b1 "er *A(nt #ec$a*, !"e )a e vario(! i)'rove)ent! an renovation t"ereon? Obvio(!$1, !(c" ec$aration! on t"e 'art of %i$$e&a! co)'$ete$1 ne&ate "er ab!(r c$ai) t"at t"e fact(a$ ba!i! for "er !(b!e/(ent action aro!e after t"e e2ect)ent !(it beca)e fina$? -#"(!, %i$$e&a! !"o($ "ave !et fort", !i)($taneo(!$1 wit" t"e a!!ertion t"at !"e wa! entit$e to t"e 'arce$ of $an b1 ri&"t of in"eritance, t"e a$ternative c$ai) t"at a!!()in& !"e wa! not $e&a$$1 entit$e to t"e i!'(te $ot, at $ea!t a! a b(i$ er in &oo fait", !"e "a! t"e ri&"t to t"e va$(e of t"e b(i$ in&! an i)'rove)ent! w"ic" !"e an "er 'arent! "a intro (ce on t"e $an ? -An w"i$e it )a1 be ar&(e t"at t"e efen!e of bein& a b(i$ er in &oo fait" wo($ "ave been incon!i!tent wit" "er c$ai) of owner!"i', in t"e ca!e of Ca!t$e 7ro!?, =o$f an Son! v? <o-,(no, t"e Co(rt "e$ t"at a 'art1 )a1 !et fort" a! )an1 efen!e! an co(nterc$ai)! a! "e )a1 "ave, w"atever be t"eir nat(re? #"e!e )a1 even be incon!i!tent wit" eac" ot"er beca(!e w"at i! !(fficient i! t"at eac" i! con!i!tent wit" it!e$f? -Since %i$$e&a! fai$e to !et (' !(c" a$ternative efen!e 4i?e? a b(i$ er in &oo fait" i! entit$e to recover t"e va$(e of i)'rove)ent!5 an in!tea re$ie on t"e !o$e efen!e t"at !"e in"erite t"e $an fro) "er 'arent!, t"e re2ection t"ereof wa! a co)'$ete re!o$(tion of t"e controver!1 between t"e 'artie! w"ic" bar! a $ater ca!e ba!e ('on t"e (n'$ea e efen!e? #"e a 2( ication of t"e i!!(e 2oine b1 t"e 'artie! in t"e ear$ier ca!e con!tit(te! re! 2( icata, t"e t"eor1 bein& t"at w"at i! barre b1 'rior 2( &)ent are not on$1 t"e )atter! act(a$$1 rai!e an $iti&ate ('on, b(t a$!o !(c" ot"er )atter! a! co($ "ave been rai!e b(t were not? 1. -It bear! e)'"a!iBin& t"at in e2ect)ent ca!e!, t"e r($e i! e6'$icit t"at t"e 2( &)ent )(!t be e6ec(te i))e iate$1 w"en it i! in favor of t"e '$aintiff to 'revent f(rt"er a)a&e! to "i) ari!in& fro) t"e $o!! of 'o!!e!!ion? #"e !en!e of (r&enc1 i! )ore 'rono(nce in t"e ca!e at bar w"ere t"e e2ect)ent ca!e in favor of Co2(an&co wa! eci e in 1-9> an !(b!e/(ent$1 a''ea$e a$$ t"e wa1 to t"e S('re)e Co(rt? 7(t t"e fina$ victor1 contin(e! to e$( e Co2(an&co to t"i! a1 (e to a $ar&e e6tent to t"e $e&a$ )ane(ver! (ti$iBe b1 %i$$e&a! to fore!ta$$ t"e inevitab$e? -+or it! 'art, re!'on ent tria$ co(rt "a! atte)'te to 2(!tif1 it! writ of in2(nction b1 !tatin& t"at t"e i)'en in& e)o$ition of %i$$e&a!D "o(!e an ot"er b(i$ in&! on t"e i!'(te 'ro'ert1 wo($ ren er in(ti$e "er ri&"t a! a b(i$ er in &oo fait"? =e cannot a&ree? #"e $o!! to %i$$e&a! i! not !(fficient to warrant a b$atant i!re&ar of e!tab$i!"e 'rece ent! e!'ecia$$1 w"en it i! borne in )in t"at for )ore t"an "a$f a cent(r1, %i$$e&a! an "er fa)i$1 "ave en2o1e t"e fr(it! of t"e $an wit"o(t 'a1in& a !in&$e centavo in ret(rn? S(re$1, t"e e/(itie! are )ore in favor of Co2(an&co, t"e $an owner? Dispositive =:ERE+ORE, t"e 'etition i! &rante ? #"e re!'on ent co(rt i! "ereb1 or ere to 3ISMISS Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -0-4-M an a$$ 'rocee in&! "e$ t"erein are ec$are n($$ an voi ? #"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt of Ma$o$o!, 7($acan, 7ranc" [% i! or ere to i))e iate$1 e6ec(te t"e eci!ion in t"e e2ect)ent ca!e? Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 9042-M? Co!t! a&ain!t 'rivate re!'on ent %i$$e&a!? #"i! eci!ion i! i))e iate$1 e6ec(tor1?

CARPENA VS MANALO /R N!. 29858 PARAS< Oc !6e" 8>, =>:2

NATURE Action to recover 'o!!e!!ion FACTS Lot 94 of t"e Ca$a)ba Ca a!tre wa! co-owne 7eatriB Mana$o an "er co))on-$aw "(!ban , L(ciano Mana$o? On ;ove)ber 5, 1-49 7eatriB !o$ "er one-"a$f intere!t t"erein to t"e !'o(!e! 3e)etrio Car'ena an Sa$( Catin i& for t"e !() of P5,000?00? #o Aee' t"e tran!action fro) L(ciano, t"e !a$e wa! )a e in t"e nei&"borin& town of Sta? Ro!a, La&(na, an t"e 'artie! a&ree t"at 7eatriB wo($ re)ain in 'o!!e!!ion of t"e 'ro'ert1 b(t wit" t"e ob$i&ation of 'a1in& t"e $an ta6e! (e t"ereon? On Ma1 22, 1-4> 7eatriB an L(ciano were )arrie , b(t !"e ie t"ree )ont"! t"ereafter? On A(&(!t .0, 1-4> t"e ee of t"e !a$e wa! re&i!tere an , a! a re!($t, #C# ;o? 18>.. wa! cance$$e an #C# ;o? 2004 wa! i!!(e in t"e na)e of t"e Car'ena !'o(!e! for t"e 'ortion '(rc"a!e b1 t"e), w"ic" wa! i entifie a! Lot ;o? 94-7 of !(b ivi!ion '$an P! -2.2.0? I'on t"e eat" of t"eir ven or, t"e Car'ena! notifie L(ciano of t"e !a$e an be!i e! e)an e of "i) t"e 'o!!e!!ion of $ot 94-7, b(t t"e $atter, in!tea of ac/(ie!cin& t"ereto, fi$e an action a&ain!t t"e) to ann($ t"e !a$e )a e in t"eir favor b1 7eatriB an to "ave "i)!e$f ec$are owner of t"e 'ro'ert1 !(b2ect )atter t"ereof 4Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -1-45? 3efen antD! an!wer in !ai ca!e a$$e&e , a! efen!e, t"at t"e !a$e in t"eir favor wa! va$i an t"at b1 virt(e of t"e !a)e t"e1 beca)e owner! of t"e 'ro'ert1 !(b2ect )atter t"ereof? Con!e/(ent$1, t"e1 'ra1e for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e ca!e an for a)a&e!? #"e ca!e wa! i!)i!!e b1 t"e $ower co(rt after a tria$ on t"e )erit! an on a''ea$, t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! affir)e t"e i!)i!!a$? It a''ear! t"at in 1-45 a baron&-baron& wa! erecte on Lot 94-7 b1 a tenant occ('1in& t"e !a)e? #wo 1ear! t"ereafter t"e b(i$ in& wa! !o$ to 7eatriB Mana$o for P200?00, an t"ereafter !ai i)'rove)ent, wit" an a!!e!!e va$(e of P150?00, wa! ec$are in "er na)e for ta6ation '(r'o!e!? After "er eat", L(ciano Mana$o an t"eir c"i$ ren contin(e to occ('1 !ai "o(!e, )aAin& con!i erab$e i)'rove)ent! t"ereon in t"e 1ear! 1-52 an 1-5., b(t in 3ece)ber 1-54 L(ciano Mana$o !o$ it to Pe$a&ia Cai$$e! % a? e In!on an 7eronica Ca'are a w"o be&an occ('1in& t"e !a)e on A'ri$ 2, 1-55? #"e 're!ent action wa! co))ence on A'ri$ 11, 1-55 in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of La&(na b1 t"e Car'ena !'o(!e! a&ain!t L(ciano Mana$o, Pe$a&ia Cai$$e! % a? e In!on an 7eronica Ca'are a to recover t"e 'o!!e!!ion of Lot 94-7 an t"e "o(!e erecte t"ereon a! we$$ a! rea!onab$e renta$ for it! (!e an occ('anc1 fro) A(&(!t 1, 1-4>? A''e$$ee! "erein a$$e&e in t"eir an!wer t"at t"e !a$e e6ec(te b1 7eatriB Mana$o in favor of a''e$$ant! covere on$1 Lot 94-7 an not t"e "o(!e erecte t"ereon? ="i$e t"e ca!e wa! 'en in& in t"e $ower co(rt, or )ore !'ecifica$$1 on A'ri$ 19, 1-55, a''e$$ee!, wit"o(t t"e con!ent of a''e$$ant!, )ove t"e "o(!e in /(e!tion to t"e a 2oinin& $ot, w"ic" co)'e$$e t"e $atter to fi$e a !(''$e)enta$ co)'$aint to recover fro) t"e for)er t"e !() of P2,500?00 re're!entin& t"e va$(e of t"e "o(!e, '$(! attorne1D! fee!? A! a''e$$ee! "a a$rea 1 vacate Lot 94-7, t"e $ower co(rt, after tria$ on t"e )erit!, ren ere 2( &)ent ec$arin& a''e$$ant t"e owner! of t"e "o(!e in /(e!tion an !entencin& a''e$$ee! to 'a1 a''e$$ant! t"e !() of P1,000?00 re're!entin& t"e fair )arAet va$(e t"ereof? A''e$$ant!D c$ai) for a)a&e! for t"e (!e an occ('anc1 of t"e 're)i!e! wa!, "owever, i!)i!!e for not "avin& been !et (' in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -1-4, t"e !a)e bein& co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai)? #"e 're!ent i! t"eir a''ea$ fro) t"i! 'ortion of t"e eci!ion of t"e $ower co(rt ISSUE =O; t"e action fi$e b1 L(ciano Mana$o i! a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) HELD Ce!? A! !tate above, t"e '(r'o!e of t"e action fi$e b1 L(ciano Mana$o 4Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -1-4 of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of La&(na5 wa! to ann($ t"e !a$e )a e b1 "i! wife, 7eatriB Mana$o, in favor of t"e Car'ena !'o(!e! an to recover owner!"i' of t"e 'ro'ert1 !(b2ect )atter t"ereof? #"e rent! w"ic" a''e$$ant! now !eeA to co$$ect fro) a''e$$ee! were for t"e occ('anc1 of !ai 'ro'ert1 an of t"e "o(!e con!tr(cte t"ereon? :a t"e !a$e been ann($$e , it wo($ "ave )eant t"at t"e Car'ena!, a''e$$ant! "erein, "a no ri&"t to co$$ect rent! fro)

41 t"e occ('ant! of t"e $ot an of t"e "o(!e afore!ai , w"i$e if t"e co(rt !(!taine t"e va$i it1 of t"e !a$e, t"e1 wo($ "ave "a !(c" ri&"t? It i! t"(! obvio(! t"at t"e c$ai) w"ic" t"e1 !eeA to enforce now a!, to !a1 t"e $ea!t, a )atter nece!!ari$1 connecte wit" t"e tran!action or occ(rrence !(b2ect )atter of t"e co)'$aint fi$e a&ain!t t"e) in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -1-4? It fo$$ow! t"at t"e !a)e con!tit(te a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) w"ic" t"e1 !"o($ "ave '$ea e in t"eir an!wer fi$e in t"e afore!ai ca!e? In 7er!e! v!? %i$$an(eva, 25 P"i$? 49., it wa! "e$ t"at in an action for t"e recover1 of a 'arce$ of $an , t"e efen ant )(!t !et (' a co(nterc$ai) for t"e va$(e of i)'rove)ent! )a e or intro (ce b1 "i) on t"e 'ro'ert1, ot"erwi!e "i! c$ai) wo($ be barre ? #"at t"i! r($in& a''$ie! to t"e 're!ent ca!e can not be i!'(te beca(!e t"e on$1 ifference between bot" ca!e! i! t"at in t"e one before (! t"e co(nterc$ai) i! for rent! for t"e occ('anc1 of t"e $an !o(&"t to be recovere an of t"e "o(!e con!tr(cte t"ereon, in!tea of bein& Q a! in t"e 7er!e! ca!e Q for t"e recover1 of t"e va$(e of i)'rove)ent! )a e on t"e 'ro'ert1 A''e$$ant!, "owever, ar&(e t"at even a!!()in& t"at t"eir c$ai) con!tit(te a )an ator1 co(nterc$ai) in re$ation to Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -1-4, !ti$$ t"e1 co($ not "ave '$ea e it a! !(c" in !ai ca!e beca(!e it wa! not wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of La&(na w"ere t"e ca!e wa! 'en in&? In t"i! connection t"e1 conten t"at t"eir co(nterc$ai) a&ain!t L(ciano Mana$o an "i! co-'$aintiff! wo($ "ave been for (n$awf($ etainer an t"e co$$ection of one )ont" rent on$1, beca(!e w"en t"e action wa! co))ence Mana$o "a been in 'o!!e!!ion of t"e $ot an "o(!e invo$ve t"erein on$1 for one )ont"? #"i! i! not entire$1 correct? #"e recor on a''ea$ fi$e b1 Mana$o in t"e afore!ai ea!e !"ow! t"at t"e efen ant! 4a''e$$ant! "erein5 fi$e an an!wer in w"ic" t"e1 a$$e&e t"at t"e1 were *t"e tr(e an $awf($ owner! of t"e 'arce$ of $an * !(b2ect )atter of t"e action b1 virt(e of t"e ee of !a$e e6ec(te in t"eir favor b1 7eatriB Mana$o, ('on t"e re&i!tration of w"ic" a tran!fer certificate of tit$e wa! i!!(e in t"eir na)e? #"eir an!wer a$!o inter'o!e a co(nterc$ai) w"ic" t"e1 incor'orate a$$ t"e a$$e&ation! )a e in t"eir an!wer an f(rt"er a$$e&e t"at t"e '$aintiff! "a fi$e t"e action a&ain!t t"e) )a$icio(!$1, t"(! ca(!in& t"e) a)a&e! in t"e !() of P2,000?00? Sai an!wer 'ra1e not on$1 for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint b(t a$!o for 2( &)ent ec$arin& !ai efen ant! a! tr(e an $awf($ owner! of t"e 'ro'ert1 in /(e!tion* 4E6"ibit C, ''? 1>-2.5? It i! obvio(! t"erefore t"at, for a$$ $e&a$ '(r'o!e!, a''e$$ant! "a , b1 wa1 of co(nterc$ai), fi$e an accion reivin icatoria w"ic", of co(r!e, nece!!ari$1 inc$( e t"e /(e!tion of 'o!!e!!ion? #"i! notwit"!tan in&, t"e1 fai$e to c$ai) rent! or co)'en!ation for t"e (!e an occ('anc1 of t"e $ot an "o(!e !(b2ect )atter of t"e co)'$aint fi$e a&ain!t t"e)? #"e ri&"t to co$$ect t"e!e rent! or rea!onab$e co)'en!ation bein& )ere$1 inci enta$ to t"e co(nterc$ai), it !ee)! c$ear t"at t"e fact t"at t"e a)o(nt t"ereof wa! $e!! t"an t"e 2(ri! ictiona$ a)o(nt for t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of La&(na i not e'rive !ai co(rt of a(t"orit1 to taAe co&niBance of t"e !a)e? La!t$1, a''e$$ant! conten t"at t"ere wa! ab!o$(te$1 no )(t(a$it1 of c$ai)! beca(!e t"e '$aintiff! in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -1-4 were L(ciano Mana$o an t"e "eir! of "i! ecea!e wife, w"erea! t"e c$ai) for rent! in t"e 're!ent ca!e i! irecte , 2oint$1 an !evera$$1, a&ain!t L(ciano Mana$o, Pe$a&ia Cai$$e! % a? e In!on an 7eronica Ca'are a? #"i! i! $iAewi!e (ntenab$e beca(!e a 'art1 )a1 not eva e t"e effect of t"e octrine of re! 2( icata b1 !i)'$1 inc$( in& a itiona$ 'artie!, in t"e !(b!e/(ent $iti&ation or b1 not inc$( in& a! 'artie! in t"e $atter 'er!on! w"o were 'artie! in t"e 'revio(! !(it Disposition. 3eci!ion affir)e Co(nterc$ai); t"e S(''$e)ent; an Co))ent on S(''$e)ent, are a$$ or ere e6'(n&e fro) t"e Recor !, con!i erin& t"at t"i! i! a cri)ina$ ca!e w"erein t"e civi$ $iabi$it1 of t"e ac(!e 4!ic5 i! i)'$ie $1 in!tit(te t"erein?* Petitioner! '$ea e for recon!i eration of !ai Or er b(t re!'on ent 2( &e, in t"e Or er of A(&(!t 21, 1--1, enie t"eir )otion, t"(!@ *AC#I;< on t"e Motion for Recon!i eration ate ,($1 19, 1--1, of t"e acc(!e t"ro(&" co(n!e$, t"i! Co(rt fin ! no )erit t"erein, !(c" t"at !ai )otion i! "ereb1 enie ?* FACTS - #"i! 'etition e)anate fro) a cri)ina$ ca!e in t"e R#C of Mani$a? Sai ca!e co))ence on October 1>, 1--0, wit" t"e fi$in& of an Infor)ation a&ain!t 'etitioner! c"ar&in& t"e) wit" e!tafa for a$$e&e $1 efra( in& 'rivate re!'on ent E'ifanio Cera$ e of t"e !() of P1,550,000?00? #"e acc(!ator1 'ortion of t"e Infor)ation rea ! a! fo$$ow!@ *??? t"e !ai acc(!e in (ce an !(ccee e in in (cin& t"e !ai EPI+A;IO CERAL3E to a vance t"e tota$ a)o(nt of P1,550,000?00 to be 'ai to M?C? Ca!tro Con!tr(ction, Co? re're!entin& t"e '(rc"a!e 'rice of 8 'arce$! of $an $ocate in Pan&a!inan w"ic" t"e A/(a$an %ent(re! N Mana&e)ent Cor'oration, a 2oint b(!ine!! vent(re or&aniBe b1 acc(!e AMA3O +? CA7AERO an t"e !ai EPI+A;IO CERAL3E, '(rc"a!e fro) t"e !ai co)'an1, wit" t"e (n er!tan in& t"at t"e !ai a)o(nt wo($ be ret(rne to t"e !ai EPI+A;IO CERAL3E a! !oon a! t"e $oan for P1,500,000?00 a''$ie for b1 t"e !ai A/(a$an %ent(re! N Mana&e)ent Cor'oration wit" So$i 7anA, of w"ic" !ai acc(!e AMA3O +? CA7AERO i! t"e Senior %icePre!i ent, i! re$ea!e , b(t bot" acc(!e , once t"e !ai $oan "a been a''rove b1 t"e banA, in f(rt"erance of t"eir con!'irac1 an fa$!e$1 'reten in& t"at acc(!e CARME; C? PERES "a been a(t"oriBe b1 t"e !ai A/(a$an %ent(re! N Mana&e)ent Cor'oration to receive t"e c"ecA for P1,500,000?00 for an in it! own be"a$f, !(ccee e in in (cin& t"e ca!"ier of !ai So$i 7anA to re$ea!e t"e !a)e to acc(!e CARME; C? PERES, t"ereb1 enab$in& "er to enca!" t"e afore!ai c"ecA, an in!tea of t(rnin& over t"e !ai a)o(nt to t"e !ai EPI+A;IO CERAL3E; acc(!e fai$e an ref(!e , an !ti$$ fai$ an ref(!e, to o !o e!'ite re'eate e)an ! )a e to t"at effect, an wit" intent to efra( , )i!a''ro'riate , )i!a''$ie an converte t"e !ai a)o(nt to t"eir own 'er!ona$ (!e an benefit???L - 'etitioner! entere a '$ea of not &(i$t1? - Att1? A)bro!io 7$anco entere "i! a''earance a! 'rivate 'ro!ec(tor? - #"e Pre!i in& ,( &e of t"e R#C of Mani$a, :on? E$i!a R? I!rae$, in"ibite "er!e$f *o(t of e$ica eBa* fro) f(rt"er "earin& t"e ca!e *con!i erin& t"at t"e co)'$ainant i! a re$ative b1 affinit1 of a ne'"ew of "er "(!ban ?* #"ereafter, t"e ca!e wa! re-raff$e to 7ranc" %II 're!i e over b1 re!'on ent ,( &e A$fre o Canto!? - On A'ri$ 2, 1--1, 'etitioner! fi$e an An!wer wit" Co(nterc$ai) a$$e&in& t"at t"e )one1 $oane fro) So$i banA )entione in t"e Infor)ation wa! ($1 a''$ie to t"e '(rc"a!e of t"e 8 'arce$! of $an in Pan&a!inan, an t"at t"e fi$in& of !ai Infor)ation wa! (n2(!tifie an )a$icio(!? Petitioner! inc$( e t"e fo$$owin& 'ra1er@ *=:ERE+ORE, it i! re!'ectf($$1 'ra1e t"at after tria$ 2( &)ent be ren ere @ 1? 3i!)i!!in&, or /(a!"in& t"e infor)ation, an t"e civi$ action i)'$ie $1 in!tit(te in t"e cri)ina$ action; 2? Or erin& t"e co)'$ainin& witne!! Cera$ e to 'a1 to t"e acc(!e t"e fo$$owin& a)o(nt!@ 4a5 P1,500,000?00 a! )ora$ a)a&e!; 4b5 P500,000?00 a! e6e)'$ar1 a)a&e!; 4c5 P100,000?00 a! attorne1D! fee!; an 4 5 P20,000?00, a! $iti&ation e6'en!e!? Acc(!e 'ra1 for !(c" ot"er re$ief!, $e&a$ an e/(itab$e in t"e 're)i!e!?* - 3(rin& t"e initia$ "earin& on A'ri$ 15, 1--1, t"e 'ro!ec(tion verba$$1 )ove t"at t"e an!wer wit" co(nterc$ai) be e6'(n&e fro) t"e recor ! an Eor be i!)i!!e ? #"e re!'on ent 2( &e &ave t"e conten in& 'artie! ti)e to !(b)it a Me)oran () an Co))ent or O''o!ition, re!'ective$1? - #"e Me)oran () of t"e 'rivate 'ro!ec(tor 2(!tifie "i! Motion to E6'(n&e t"e an!wer wit" co(nterc$ai) for two rea!on!@ 415 t"e tria$ co(rt "a no 2(ri! iction over t"e an!wer wit" co(nterc$ai) for non'a1)ent of t"e 're!cribe ocAet fee! an 425 -e Ic!Dp,*#!"( c!,n e"c*%iD %+%in# c!Dp*%in%n i# 6%""e) &!" &%i*,"e ! &i*e i 6e&!"e %""%i+nDen .I

CABAERO VS CANTOS /.R. N!. =B8>98 PAN/ANIBAN< Ap"i* =:, =>>2

NATURE Petition fi$e (n er R($e 85 a!!ai$in& t"e Or er! of re!'on ent ,( &e for bein& contrar1 to $aw an for "avin& been i!!(e in e6ce!! of "i! 2(ri! iction an wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion tanta)o(nt to $acA of 2(ri! iction? #"e Or er of ,($1 1, 1--1, rea !@ *#:E An!wer wit" Co(nterc$ai) fi$e b1 t"e acc(!e t"ro(&" co(n!e$, ate +ebr(ar1 12, 1--1, a! we$$ a! t"e O''o!ition t"ereto; t"e Me)oran () fi$e b1 t"e Private Pro!ec(tor, in S(''ort of Motion to E6'(n&e fro) t"e Recor ! An EOr to 3i!)i!! An!wer wit"

42 - In t"eir O''o!ition, 'etitioner! ar&(e t"at t"i! Co(rt in *avier vs. 4AC $ai own, for *'roce (ra$ !o(n ne!!,* t"e r($e t"at a co(nterc$ai) !"o($ be 'er)itte in a cri)ina$ action w"ere t"e civi$ a!'ect i! not re!erve ? +(rt"er, ina!)(c" a! 'etitioner!D co(nterc$ai) wa! co)'($!or1 in nat(re, t"e1 were not re/(ire to 'a1 ocAet fee! t"erefor? A itiona$$1, t"e R($e! o not !'ecifica$$1 'rovi e for t"e 'erio for fi$in& of co(nterc$ai)! in cri)ina$ ca!e!, w"erea! Section . of R($e - an Section - of R($e 8 a$$ow t"e fi$in&, wit" $eave of co(rt, of a co(nterc$ai) at an1 ti)e before 2( &)ent? #"(!, 'etitioner! conten e t"at t"eir fi$in& wa! wit"in t"e 'ro'er 'erio ? - re!'on ent ,( &e Canto! &rante t"e 'ro!ec(tionD! )otion to e6'(n&e an enie t"e 'etitioner!D )otion for recon!i eration? - - Petitioner! invoAe Section 1, R($e 111 of t"e R($e! on Cri)ina$ Proce (re? #"e1 conten t"at it i! not on$1 a ri&"t b(t an *o(tri&"t (t1* of t"e acc(!e to fi$e an an!wer wit" co(nterc$ai) !ince fai$(re to o !o !"a$$ re!($t in t"e co(nterc$ai) bein& forever barre ? - Petitioner! ar&(e t"at (n er R($e 1.8 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, 'artic($ar$1 Section > t"ereof, c$erA! of co(rt are in!tr(cte to *Aee' a &enera$ ocAet, eac" 'a&e of w"ic" !"a$$ be n()bere an 're'are for receivin& a$$ t"e entrie! in a !in&$e ca!e, an !"a$$ enter t"erein a$$ ca!e! 6 6 6?* #"(!, re!'on ent ,( &e Canto! a$$e&e $1 erre in e6'(n&in& a$$ recor ! wit" re!'ect to t"e An!wer wit" Co(nterc$ai) for, on a''ea$, *if t"e recor ! e$evate 6 6 6 are inco)'$ete an inacc(rate, t"ere ari!e! a &rave an&er t"at t"e en ! of 2(!tice an (e 'roce!! !"a$$ not be !erve an in!tea fr(!trate ?* - Petitioner! f(rt"er a$$e&e t"at t"e Or er fai$e to re!o$ve t"e $e&a$ i!!(e! rai!e b1 t"e 'artie! a! it ne&$ecte to !tate t"e $e&a$ ba!i! t"erefor ISSUE =O; t"e re!'on ent 2( &e co))itte &rave ab(!e of i!cretion, a)o(ntin& to $acA or e6ce!! of 2(ri! iction in or erin& t"at t"e an!wer wit" co(nterc$ai) of t"e 'etitioner! in t"e cri)ina$ ca!e, to&et"er wit" a$$ '$ea in&! fi$e in re$ation t"ereto, be e6'(n&e fro) t"e recor !? 4=O; t"e acc(!e -'etitioner! w"o were c"ar&e wit" e!tafa )a1 fi$e an an!wer wit" co(nterc$ai) for )ora$ an e6e)'$ar1 a)a&e! '$(! attorne1D! fee! an $iti&ation e6'en!e! a&ain!t t"e 'rivate co)'$ainant in t"e !a)e cri)ina$ action?5 Preli$inar% .atters Liti! Pen entia a! a 3efen!e - Private re!'on ent be$ate $1 inter'o!e! $iti! 'en entia to efeat t"e 'etition a$$e&e! t"at t"e 're!ent 'etition i! barre b1 t"e cro!!-c$ai) of t"e 'etitioner! a&ain!t A/(a$an %ent(re! an Mana&e)ent Cor'oration, of w"ic" 'etitioner! are !tocA"o$ er! an officer!, in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? -0-5.0.5 4fi$e a&ain!t bot" 'etitioner! an t"e 'rivate re!'on ent b1 So$i banA5? - +C said? C!n#i)e"% i!n# !& ),e p"!ce## p"e'en ,# &"!D %7in+ ,p -e De"i # !& -i# %"+,Den in &%'!" !& p"i'% e "e#p!n)en . T-i# c"!##-c*%iD K%# ne'e" "%i#e) in -e "i%* c!," -- ce" %in*( n! in -e MeD!"%n),D )% e) Ap"i* =>, =>>=, #,6Di e) ! -e c!," % H,! in #,pp!" !& "e#p!n)en Ce"%*)eJ# D! i!n ! eCp,n+e -e %n#Ke" Ki - c!,n e"c*%iD. T-e R,*e# "eH,i"e -% I@%A D! i!n % %c7in+ % p*e%)in+ !" % p"!cee)in+ #-%** inc*,)e %** !6.ec i!n# -en %'%i*%6*e, %n) %** !6.ec i!n# n! #! inc*,)e) #-%** 6e )eeDe) K%i'e).I C!n#eH,en *( %n) ine*,c %6*(, -e +"!,n) !& *i i# pen)en i% K-ic- K%# n! %"+,e) in -e c!," % H,! i# )eeDe) K%i'e). The Pa%$ent of Filing Fees - #"e Co(rt a&ree! wit" 'etitioner! t"at ina!)(c" a! t"e co(nterc$ai) i! co)'($!or1, t"ere i! no nece!!it1 to 'a1 !(c" fee!, a! t"e R($e! o not re/(ire t"e) 4a! c$arifie in S(n In!(rance Office, Lt ? v!? A!(ncion5? M%in I##,e HELD ;O? 4;O5 A! "e$ in *avier# co(nterc$ai) i! co)'($!or1 an i! con!i ere barre if not !et (' w"ere t"e fo$$owin& circ()!tance! are 're!ent@ 415 t"at it ari!e! o(t of, or i! nece!!ari$1 connecte wit" t"e tran!action or occ(rrence t"at i! t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e o''o!in& 'art1D! c$ai); 425 t"at it oe! not re/(ire for it! a 2( ication t"e 're!ence of t"ir 'artie! of w"o) t"e co(rt cannot ac/(ire 2(ri! iction, an 4.5 t"at t"e co(rt "a! 2(ri! iction to entertain t"e c$ai)? A! cate&orica$$1 reco&niBe in t"e ca!e of ,avier, a c$ai) for )a$icio(! 'ro!ec(tion or *&ro!!$1 (nfo(n e !(it* a! a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) "a! no a''ro'riate ven(e ot"er t"an t"e !a)e cri)ina$ ca!e w"ic" i! a$$e&e to be a )a$icio(! !(it? #"e co(nterc$ai) !tan ! on t"e !a)e footin& an i! to be te!te b1 t"e !a)e r($e! a! if it were an in e'en ent action? A co(nterc$ai) i! efine a! an1 c$ai) for )one1 or ot"er re$ief w"ic" a efen in& 'art1 )a1 "ave a&ain!t an o''o!in& 'art1? Co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) i! one w"ic" at t"e ti)e of !(it ari!e! o(t of, or i! nece!!ari$1 connecte wit", t"e !a)e tran!action or occ(rrence t"at i! t"e !(b2ect )atter of '$aintiffD! co)'$aint? It i! co)'($!or1 in t"e !en!e t"at if it i! wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt, an oe! not re/(ire for it! a 2( ication t"e 're!ence of t"ir 'artie! over w"o) t"e co(rt cannot ac/(ire 2(ri! iction, it )(!t be !et (' t"erein, an wi$$ be barre in t"e f(t(re if not !et ('? - In 2(!tif1in& "i! Or er, ,( &e Canto! r($e t"at *t"i! i! a cri)ina$ ca!e w"erein t"e civi$ $iabi$it1 of t"e acc(!e i! i)'$ie $1 in!tit(te t"erein?* #"i! 2(!tification be&! t"e /(e!tion? 7a!ica$$1, t"at i! t"e rea!on w"1 'etitioner! "erein fi$e t"eir an!wer wit" co(nterc$ai) for, a''arent$1, in "irin& a 'rivate 'ro!ec(tor, Cera$ e inten e to 'ro!ec(te "i! civi$ c$ai) to&et"er wit" t"e cri)ina$ action? :ence, a! a 'rotective )ea!(re, 'etitioner! fi$e t"eir co(nterc$ai) in t"e !a)e ca!e? Since (n er Section 1 R($e 111, t"e civi$ action w"ic" i! ee)e i)'$ie $1 in!tit(te wit" t"e cri)ina$ action, if not waive or re!erve , inc$( e! recover1 of in e)nit1 (n er t"e RPC, an a)a&e! (n er Art?.2, .., .4 an 2198 of t"e Civi$ Co e ari!in& fro) t"e !a)e act or o)i!!ion of t"e acc(!e , !"o($ not t"e acc(!e "ave t"e ri&"t to fi$e a co(nterc$ai) in t"e cri)ina$ ca!eQ Obvio(!$1, t"e an!wer i! in t"e affir)ative, a! wa! "e$ in ,avier? +o$e Reservations in the !pplication of Javier - #"e $o&ic an co&enc1 of ,avier notwit"!tan in&, !o)e re!ervation! an concern! were voice o(t b1 )e)ber! of t"e Co(rt (rin& t"e e$iberation! on t"e 're!ent ca!e? #"e!e were en&en ere b1 t"e obvio(! $ac(na in t"e R($e! of Co(rt, w"ic" contain! no e6're!! 'rovi!ion for t"e a 2( ication of a co(nterc$ai) in a civi$ action i)'$ie $1 in!tit(te in a cri)ina$ ca!e? #"e fo$$owin& 'rob$e)! were note @ 15 ="i$e t"e r($e! on civi$ 'roce (re e6're!!$1 reco&niBe a efen antD! entit$e)ent to '$ea "i! co(nterc$ai) an offer evi ence in !(''ort t"ereof, t"e r($e! on cri)ina$ 'roce (re w"ic" a(t"oriBe t"e i)'$ie in!tit(tion of a civi$ action in a cri)ina$ ca!e are, in contra!t, !i$ent on t"i! 'oint an o not 'rovi e !'ecific &(i e$ine! on "ow !(c" co(nterc$ai) !"a$$ be '(r!(e ? 25 A 2( &)ent in a cri)ina$ action i! not re/(ire to 'rovi e for t"e awar of a co(nterc$ai)? .5 A$$owin& an "earin& co(nterc$ai)! 4an 'o!!ib$1 cro!!-c$ai)! an t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint!5 in a cri)ina$ action wi$$ !(re$1 e$a1 t"e !ai action? #"e 'ri)ar1 i!!(e in a cri)ina$ 'ro!ec(tion t"at i! (n er t"e contro$ of !tate 'ro!ec(tor! i! t"e &(i$t of t"e acc(!e an "i! civi$ $iabi$it1 ari!in& fro) t"e !a)e act or o)i!!ion? E6ten in& t"e civi$ action ari!in& fro) t"e !a)e act or o)i!!ion to co(nterc$ai)!, cro!!-c$ai)! an t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint!, an a$$owin& t"e acc(!e an ot"er 'artie! to !(b)it evi ence of t"eir re!'ective c$ai)! wi$$ co)'$icate t"e i!'o!ition of t"e cri)ina$ ca!e? 45 A 2( ication of co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai)! an Eor re$ate c$ai)! or '$ea in&! $o&ica$$1 inc$( e! t"e a''$ication of ot"er r($e! w"ic", b1 t"eir ver1 nat(re, a''$1 on$1 to civi$ action!? #"e fo$$owin& )atter! )a1 be invoAe in connection wit" t"e fi$in& of an an!wer wit" a co(nterc$ai)@ t"e &en(inene!! an (e e6ec(tion of an actionab$e oc()ent w"ic" are ee)e a )itte (n$e!! !'ecifica$$1 enie (n er oat"; affir)ative efen!e! $iAe re! 2( icata, 're!cri'tion an !tat(te of fra( ! w"ic" are ee)e waive b1 fai$(re to inter'o!e t"e) a! affir)ative efen!e! in an an!wer; an t"e fai$(re of a efen ant to fi$e an an!wer !ea!onab$1 )a1 re!($t in "i! efa($t in t"e civi$ a!'ect b(t not in t"e cri)ina$? A! a con!e/(ence of t"e!e )atter!, t"e entr1 of '$ea (rin& arrai&n)ent wi$$ no $on&er !i&na$ 2oin er of i!!(e! in a cri)ina$ action? 55 In an i)'$ie $1 in!tit(te civi$ action, an acc(!e i! not !(fficient$1 a''ri!e of t"e !'ecific ba!i! of t"e c$ai)! a&ain!t "i)? An acc(!e $earn! of t"e i)'$ie in!tit(tion of a civi$ action fro) t"e content! of an infor)ation? An infor)ation, "owever, i! fi$e in be"a$f of t"e Peo'$e of t"e P"i$i''ine!? :ence, it oe! not contain t"e ($ti)ate fact! re$atin& to t"e civi$ $iabi$it1 of t"e acc(!e ? 85 7eca(!e an acc(!e i! not !(fficient$1 a''ri!e of t"e !'ecific ba!i! of t"e civi$ action a&ain!t "i), "e )a1 fi$e a )otion for bi$$ of 'artic($ar! or taAe a vanta&e of i!cover1 'roce (re!? #"e en re!($t, in an1 ca!e, wi$$ be e$a1 an co)'$ication in t"e cri)ina$ action an even conf(!ion a)on& t"e 'artie!?

4. 95 #"e R($e! of Co(rt oe! not !'ecif1 t"e recAonin& ate for t"e fi$in& of an an!wer in an i)'$ie $1 in!tit(te civi$ action? >5 An acc(!e can fi$e "i! an!wer wit" co(nterc$ai) on$1 after t"e initia$ "earin&, beca(!e t"e 'rivate co)'$ainant )a1 !ti$$ re!erve "i! civi$ action at an1 ti)e before t"e 'ro!ec(tion co))ence! to 're!ent evi ence? On t"e ot"er "an , an an!wer in an or inar1 civi$ action !"o($ be fi$e before t"e !tart of "earin&, beca(!e "earin& co))ence! on$1 after t"e i!!(e! "ave been 2oine , i?e?, after t"e re!'on!ive '$ea in&! "ave been fi$e ? -5 Conf(!ion in t"e a''$ication of t"e r($e! on civi$ 'roce (re wi$$ certain$1 enco(ra&e $iti&ant! to c"a$$en&e before a''e$$ate co(rt! inter$oc(tor1 inci ent! of t"e i)'$ie $1 in!tit(te civi$ action? 105 So)e )e)ber! of t"e Co(rt be$ieve t"at a ca(!e of action for )a$icio(! 'ro!ec(tion )a1 be 're)at(re beca(!e t"ere i! a! 1et no fin in& of !(c" wron&f($ 'ro!ec(tion? #"i! fact i! 'reci!e$1 w"at t"e tria$ co(rt !ti$$ "a! to eter)ine? --B( -e &!"e+!in+ )i#c,##i!n, Ke )! n! iDp*( %n( &%,* in J%'ie". T-e "e%* p"!6*eD *ie# in -e %6#ence !& c*e%"-c, ",*e# +!'e"nin+ -e p"!#ec, i!n !& iDp*ie)*( in# i , e) ci'i* %c i!n# %n) -e nece##%"( c!n#eH,ence# %n) iDp*ic% i!n# -e"e!&. F!" -i# "e%#!n, -e c!,n e"-c*%iD !& -e %cc,#e) c%nn! 6e "ie) !+e -e" Ki - -e c"iDin%* c%#e 6ec%,#e, %# %*"e%)( )i#c,##e), i Ki** ,nnece##%"i*( c!Dp*ic% e %n) c!n&,#e -e c"iDin%* p"!cee)in+#. T-,#, -e "i%* c!," #-!,*) c!n&ine i #e*& ! -e c"iDin%* %#pec %n) -e p!##i6*e ci'i* *i%6i*i ( !& -e %cc,#e) %"i#in+ !, !& -e c"iDe. T-e c!,n e"-c*%iD @%n) c"!##-c*%iD !" -i") p%" ( c!Dp*%in , i& %n(A #-!,*) 6e #e %#i)e !" "e&,#e) c!+ni;%nce Ki -!, p"e.,)ice ! -ei" &i*in+ in #ep%"% e p"!cee)in+# % -e p"!pe" iDe. A 6%*%nce, ,n i* -e"e %"e )e&ini i'e ",*e# !& p"!ce),"e ! +!'e"n -e in# i , i!n, p"!#ec, i!n %n) "e#!*, i!n !& -e ci'i* %#pec @%n) -e c!n#eH,ence# %n) iDp*ic% i!n# -e"e!&A iDp*ie)*( in# i , e) in % c"iDin%* c%#e, "i%* c!," # #-!,*) *iDi -ei" .,"i#)ic i!n ! -e ci'i* *i%6i*i ( !& -e %cc,#e) %"i#in+ &"!D -e c"iDin%* c%#e. Disposition =:ERE+ORE, 're)i!e! con!i ere , t"e /(e!tione Or er! are "ereb1 MO3I+IE3? #"e co(nterc$ai) of t"e acc(!e i! "ereb1 !et a!i e wit"o(t 're2( ice? #"e Re!'on ent R#C of Mani$a i! 3IREC#E3 to 'rocee wit" t"e tria$ of t"e cri)ina$ action an t"e civi$ action ari!in& fro) t"e cri)ina$ offen!e t"at i! i)'$ie $1 in!tit(te t"erein, wit" a$$ 2( icio(! i!'atc"? OO"e$ va$i an $e&a$ t"e con!i&nation b1 C( - 7ot" 'artie! a''ea$e to t"e R#C? C( )aintaine t"at t"e M#C !"o($ "ave fi6e a $on&er 'erio w"i$e C"an conten e t"at t"e M#C erre in e6ten in& t"e ter) of t"e $ea!e an in ('"o$ in& t"e va$i it1 of t"e con!i&nation? R#C $ater affir)e t"e M#C? C( t"en went to t"e CA on 'etition for review, wit" t"e !a)e a$$e&ation t"at t"at t"e R#C erre in not fi6in& a $on&er 'erio of e6ten!ion of t"e $ea!e? #"e CA rever!e an !et a!i e t"e eci!ion! of t"e M#C an R#C an i!)i!!e , for $acA of )erit, t"e co)'$aint for con!i&nation? #"e CA "e$ t"at C"an "a 2(!tifiab$e ca(!e 4C(0! over!ta15 to ref(!e to acce't t"e 'a1)ent? It r($e t"at t"e M#C an R#C erre in 'a!!in& ('on t"e i!!(e of e2ect)ent rai!e in C"an0! co(nterc$ai) !ince an action for e2ect)ent can on$1 be initiate t"ro(&" a verifie co)'$aint, not a co(nterc$ai)? C"an0! M+R wa! enie b1 t"e CA an !o !"e fi$e t"i! in!tant 'etition? ISSUE =O; C"an0! action for e2ect)ent !et (' in a co(nterc$ai) wa! 'ro'er HELD CES? Reasoning Sec?9, R($e 8 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt 'rovi e! t"at t"e an!wer )a1 contain an1 co(nterc$ai) w"ic" a 'art1 )a1 "ave a&ain!t t"e o''o!in& 'art1 'rovi e t"at t"e co(rt "a! 2(ri! iction to entertain t"e c$ai) an can, if t"e 're!ence of t"ir 'artie! i! e!!entia$ for it! a 2( ication, ac/(ire 2(ri! iction of !(c" 'artie!? In er Sec? 2 of R($e -, a co(nterc$ai) not !et (' !"a$$ be barre if it ari!e! o(t of or i! nece!!ari$1 connecte wit" t"e tran!action or occ(rrence t"at i! t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e o''o!in& 'art1D! c$ai) an oe! not re/(ire for it! a 2( ication t"e 're!ence of t"ir 'artie! of w"o) t"e co(rt cannot ac/(ire 2(ri! iction? A co(nterc$ai) )a1 be co)'($!or1 or 'er)i!!ive? - C"anD! co(nterc$ai) for e2ect)ent i! a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) beca(!e it i! nece!!ari$1 connecte wit" t"e tran!action or occ(rrence w"ic" i! t"e !(b2ect )atter of C(D! co)'$aint, viB?, t"e $ea!e contract between t"e)? Con!e/(ent$1, t"e CA erre w"en it "e$ t"at C"anD! ca(!e of action for e2ect)ent co($ not be !et (' in a co(nterc$ai)? - #"e ca!e of C"in& P(e v!? <onBa$e! i! ina''$icab$e beca(!e in C"in& P(e t"e con!i&nation ca!e! were fi$e wit" t"e C+I w"ic" i not "ave 2(ri! iction over e2ect)ent ca!e!; nece!!ari$1, no co(nterc$ai) for e2ect)ent co($ "ave been inter'o!e t"erein? #"e ratio of t"e !ai ca!e i! t"at con!i&nation i! not 'ro'er w"ere t"e ref(!a$ of t"e cre itor to acce't ten er of 'a1)ent i! wit" 2(!t ca(!e? In t"e in!tant ca!e, t"e e2ect)ent wa! !et (' a! a co(nterc$ai) in t"e M#C w"ic" "a! 2(ri! iction over it an C( 2oine t"at i!!(e an t"e inci ent! t"ereto b1 "er an!wer to t"e co(nterc$ai), an t"e co(nterc$ai) to t"e co(nterc$ai)? - #"e CA t"erefore !"o($ "ave confine it!e$f to t"e 'rinci'a$ error rai!e in C(D! 'etition in 4t"e (ration of t"e e6ten e ter) of t"e $ea!e fi6e in t"e eci!ion of t"e M#C an affir)e b1 t"e R#C5? A! fi6e , t"e ter) of t"e $ea!e wa! e6ten e to ,(ne .0, 1--2? #"at 'erio "a e6'ire !i6 )ont"! before t"e CA 'ro)($&ate it! c"a$$en&e eci!ion? Con!i erin& t"at C"an i not fi$e an1 'etition for t"e review of t"e R#C eci!ion an wa!, t"erefore, ee)e to "ave a&ree to t"e e6ten!ion; an con!i erin& f(rt"er t"at C( i not co)e to (! on a 'etition for review to !eeA rever!a$ of t"e eci!ion t"erein an !"o($ t"(! be con!i ere to "ave a&ree to t"e i!)i!!a$ of "er con!i&nation ca!e, t"e 'artie! )(!t be ee)e bo(n b1 t"e e6ten e ter), w"ic" "a!, nevert"e$e!!, a$rea 1 $a'!e ? >>On Counterclai$s - A co(nterc$ai) i! an1 c$ai) for )one1 or ot"er re$ief w"ic" a efen in& 'art1 )a1 "ave a&ain!t an o''o!in& 'art1? It nee not i)ini!" or efeat t"e recover1 !o(&"t b1 t"e o''o!in& 'art1, b(t )a1 c$ai) re$ief e6cee in& in a)o(nt or ifferent in Ain fro) t"at !o(&"t b1 t"e o''o!in& 'art1D! c$ai)? Co(nterc$ai)! are e!i&ne to enab$e t"e i!'o!ition of a w"o$e controver!1 of intere!te 'artie! conf$ic$in& c$ai)!, at one ti)e an in one action, 'rovi e a$$ t"e 'artie! can be bro(&"t before t"e co(rt an t"e )atter eci e wit"o(t 're2( icin& t"e ri&"t! of an1 'art1? A co(nterc$ai) *i! in it!e$f a i!tinct an in e'en ent ca(!e of action, !o t"at w"en 'ro'er$1 !tate a! !(c", t"e efen ant beco)e!, in re!'ect to t"e )atter !tate b1 "i), an actor, an t"ere are two !i)($taneo(! action! 'en in& between t"e !a)e 'artie!, w"erein eac" i! at t"e !a)e ti)e bot" a '$aintiff an a efen ant ? ? ? ? A co(nterc$ai) !tan ! on t"e !a)e footin& an i! to be te!te b1 t"e !a)e r($e!, a! if it were an in e'en ent action? In !"ort, t"e efen ant i! a '$aintiff wit" re!'ect to "i! co(nterc$ai)? Disposition 'etition <RA;#E3? CA eci!ion SE# ASI3E?

CHAN V CA @CUA /.R. =B>B8B DAVIDE< MARCH 1, =>>9

NATURE Review on certiorari FACTS - On +eb?1, 1->., 'etitioner +e$i!a C"an an 'rivate re!'on ent <race C(, entere into a contract of $ea!e, t"e ter)! of w"ic" were@ OOC( wi$$ occ('1 Roo) 401 an roofto' of Roo) 442 of a b$ & in IrbiBton o owne b1 C"an? OO#er) of $ea!e i! 1 1ear at a )ont"$1 renta$ of P2,400? OO#"e 're)i!e! !"a$$ be (!e a! a $earnin& center? - #"e contract wa! renewe for t"e !(ccee in& 2 1ear! or (' to +eb?1, 1->8, after w"ic" ate, no written contract of $ea!e wa! e6ec(te a$t"o(&" C( contin(e to occ('1 t"e 're)i!e!? Increa!in& ever1 1ear, t"e )ont"$1 event(a$$1 ca)e to P., 4>4?>0 in ,an? 1->-? - ;ov? 1->-@ C"an $ocAe t"e wa1 to t"e roofto'? In t"e en!(in& e6c"an&e of co))(nication, C( in!i!te t"at !"e be a$$owe to (!e t"e roofto' of R)?442, w"i$e C"an )aintaine t"at on$1 R)?401 wa! $ea!e an t"at t"e (!e of t"e roofto' wa! )ere$1 to$erate , a in& t"at t"e (!e of t"e roofto' 'o!e an&er to t"e !t( ent!? C"an event(a$$1 ter)inate t"e $ea!e, ref(!e to co$$ect t"e renta$ for 3ec?1->- 4t(rne own a c"ecA ten ere b1 C(5 an &ave C( on$1 (nti$ ,an?1--0 to vacate t"e 're)i!e!? - C(0! $aw1er ten ere t"e 'a1)ent in ca!" wit" notice to C"an t"at in ca!e of non-acce'tance, t"e !a)e wi$$ be e'o!ite in co(rt b1 wa1 of con!i&nation? At t"i! 'oint, C"an &ave C( (' to Marc", 1--0 - ,an?15, 1--0@ C( fi$e a civi$ ca!e for con!i&nation wit" t"e M#C? C"an an!were wit" a co(nterc$ai) for e2ect)ent? #"e M#C0! eci!ion@ OO ec$are t"at t"e roofto' i! inc$( e in t"e $ea!e OOfi6e t"e ter) of t"e $ea!e (nti$ ,(ne .0, 1--2

44 Ci&ar +actor1 4Lt ?5,* c$ai)in& t"e 'a1)ent of t"e !() of P11,592?-8 a! t"e ba$ance of t"e (n'ai '(rc"a!e 'rice of t"e tobacco - on t"e 5t" a1 of Ma1, 1-1., #ec 7i N Co? a!Ae for an obtaine fro) t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance an attac")ent a&ain!t t"e !ai ba$e! of tobacco, b(t ina!)(c" a! t"e bo e&a wa! $ocAe an t"e !"eriff wa! infor)e t"at t"e Ae1! were in t"e 'o!!e!!ion of t"e banA, "e e)an e t"e e$iver1 t"ereof fro) t"e $atter, w"ic" e)an wa! ref(!e b1 t"e banA, a$$e&in& t"at it "e$ 'o!!e!!ion of t"e tobacco (n er a '$e &e? - t"e !"eriff notifie it t"at t"e ba$e! of tobacco were attac"e !(b2ect to t"e re!($t! of t"e co)'$aint fi$e b1 #ec 7i N Co? a&ain!t *La Irania Ci&ar +actor1 4Lt ?5,L - on >t" a1 of Ma1, 1-1., t"e banA an!were t"e notification of t"e !"eriff, confir)in& t"e fact t"at it "a in it! 'o!!e!!ion t"e ba$e! of tobacco !'ecifie in t"e notification, a! !ec(rit1 for t"e 'a1)ent of a $oan an t"at it inten e to !e$$ t"e !a)e; t"at t"e !"eriff co))(nicate t"e an!wer of t"e banA to t"e attorne1! to #ec 7i N Co?, w"o re'$ie in!i!tin& ('on t"e $ev1 of t"e attac")ent? - on t"e 1-t" a1 of Ma1, 1-1., t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance ren ere 2( &)ent in !ai ca!e a&ain!t *La Irania Ci&ar +actor1 4Lt ?5,* in favor of #ec 7i N Co?, for t"e !() of P11,592?-8, wit" $e&a$ intere!t fro) A'ri$ 22, 1-1., an co!t!? - on t"e 22 a1 of Ma1, 1-1., t"e !"eriff atte)'te to e6ec(te t"e 2( &)ent ('on t"e ba$e! of tobacco attac"e an in t"e 'o!!e!!ion of t"e efen ant cor'oration, b(t wa! (nab$e to o !o (e to t"e !tate)ent of t"e a&ent of !ai cor'oration, t"at t"e tobacco "a been !o$ an t"at t"e 'rocee ! of t"e !a$e "a been a''$ie ('on t"e 'a1)ent of t"e a)o(nt (e to fro) *La Irania Ci&ar +actor1 4Lt ?5,* - Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance fo(n t"at t"e '$aintiffD! c$ai) wa! a 'referre cre it (n er t"e 'rovi!ion! of 'ara&ra'" 1 of artic$e 1-22 of t"e Civi$ Co e; t"at t"e '$e &e e6ec(te b1 *La Irania Ci&ar +actor1 4Lt ?5,* in favor of t"e efen ant cor'oration wa! not bin in& ('on t"e '$aintiff for t"e rea!on t"at it wa! not !et fort" in a '(b$ic in!tr()ent a! re/(ire b1 artic$e 1>85 of t"e Civi$ Co e in or er to be effective a&ain!t, t"ir 'er!on, an ren ere 2( &)ent in favor of t"e '$aintiff an a&ain!t t"e efen ant for t"e a)o(nt of t"e for)erD! 2( &)ent a&ain!t *La Irania Ci&ar +actor1 4Lt ?5,* wit" intere!t an co!t!? ISSUE? =O; t"e co(rt erre in "o$ in& t"at t"e '$aintiff i not waive an1 efect in t"e 'rivate in!tr()ent of '$e &e b1 e6're!!$1 a )ittin& it! &en(inene!! an t"e correctne!! of it! ate b1 !ti'($ation, an b1 fai$(re to ob2ect to it! intro (ction in evi ence? -OT,; the case dealt $ith a pledgor.pledgee 8credit9 relationship. +he discussion here is limited to that pertaining to civil provision. Please see case re issues on credit. HELD? A &enera$ a )i!!ion of t"e tr(t" of t"e a$$e&ation! !et fort" in a '$ea in& i! not an a )i!!ion of t"e tr(t" of an i)'o!!ib$e conc$(!ion of fact rawn fro) ot"er fact! !et o(t in t"e '$ea in&, nor of a wron& conc$(!ion of $aw ba!e on t"e a$$e&ation! of fact we$$ '$ea e , nor of t"e tr(t" of a &enera$ aver)ent of fact! contra icte b1 )ore !'ecific aver)ent!? #"(!, if a '$ea er a$$e&e! t"at two 'e!o! were borrowe on one a1 an two )ore borrowe on anot"er )aAin& five Pin a$$, a !ti'($ation of t"e tr(t" of t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e '$ea in& oe! not a)o(nt to an a )i!!ion b1 t"e o''o!in& 'art1 t"at twice two )aAe five? A&ain if a '$ea er a$$e&e! t"at one "(n re 'e!o! were $oane wit"o(t intere!t for one 1ear an "a not been 'ai , an t"at t"e borrower i! in ebte to t"e $en er in t"e !() of one "(n re an ten 'e!o!, t"at bein& t"e a)o(nt of t"e ca'ita$ to&et"er wit" intere!t for t"e 1ear for w"ic" t"e )one1 wa! $oane , a !ti'($ation a! to t"e tr(t" of t"e a$$e&ation !et fort" in t"e '$ea in&! i! not an a )i!!ion of t"e tr(t" of t"e conc$(!ion of $aw a! to t"e intere!t (e b1 t"e borrower? #"e!e e$e)entar1 'rinci'$e! "ave been /(ite f($$1 eve$o'e in a &reat variet1 of ca!e! ari!in& on e)(rrer!, an !(fficient$1 i!'o!e of t"e atte)'t of co(n!e$ to fi6 t"e attention of t"e co(rt ('on t"i! !in&$e aver)ent of t"e an!wer, a'art fro) t"e conte6t an to t"e e6c$(!ion of t"e !'ecific a$$e&ation! of fact, t"e tr(t" of w"ic", a! !ti'($ate b1 t"e 'artie!, cannot be /(e!tione ? DISPOSITION? ,( &)ent affir)e

T-e An#Ke" De&en#e# /OJO V /OYALA P%+e 85 FACTS

-a$$e&e $1 a 'acto e retro !a$e 4t"e ot"er 'art1 a$$e&e it wa! a )ort&a&e5, <o2o t"e b(1er a$$e&e t"at t"e 'erio for re e)'tion "a! a$rea 1 $a'!e !o "e fi$e a 'etition for con!o$i ation of owner!"i'? -<o1a$a0!, t"e b(1er! w"o were a$$e&in& t"at t"e1 "a obtaine a ca!" $oan fro) <o2o an t"e $an a$$e&e $1 !o$ to <o2o wa! on$1 a !ec(rit1 to t"e $oan, an t"at t"e1 trie to 'a1 t"eir ebt to <o2o b(t <o2o ref(!e ? <o1a$a0! fi$e a co(nterc$ai) for <o2o to receive t"e a)o(nt (e, for t"e oc()ent to be ec$are a )ort&a&e an not a 'acto e retro !a$e, for P1>00 'er ann() for t"e fr(it! of !ai 'ro'ert1 an t"at, if ever t"e oc()ent be ee)e a 'acto e retro !a$e, for <o2o to be or ere to e6ec(te a ee of re!a$e in favor of t"e <o1a$a!? -<o1a$a0! !'o(!e ie , #C or ere <o2o to a)en t"e Co)'$aint to !(b!tit(te t"e !'o(!e wit" one of "er !(cce!!or! in intere!t a! 'art1? ;otwit"!tan in& t"e $a'!e of 4. a1! after recei't of co'1 of #C or er, <o2o a$$e&e $1 fai$e to !(b)it t"e a)en e co)'$aint !o <o1a$a fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! t"e 'etition? #C i!)i!!e co)'$aint, <o2o wa! a$!o ec$are in efa($t in re <o1a$a0! co(nterc$ai)? #C r($e in favor of <o1a$a? -A''e$$ant a''ea$e to t"e CA, w"ic" ('on fin in& t"at t"e !ai a''ea$ invo$ve! '(re$1 /(e!tion! of $aw, certifie t"e !a)e to t"e SC?

ON DEFENSES R,*e :, %**e+% i!n# )eeDe) %)Di e) TEC BI P CO ' CHARTERED BANF OF INDIA, AUSTRALIA AND CHINA 9= P-i* 4>5 CARSON< Fe6 4, =>=5
FACTS? - on t"e 9t" of ;ove)ber 1-12, t"e '$aintiff !o$ to t"e *La Irania Ci&ar +actor1 4Lt ?5,* a /(antit1 of $eaf tobacco? - on 18t" ,an(ar1, 1-1., t"e *La Irania Ci&ar +actor1 4Lt ?5,* '$e &e to t"e efen ant cor'oration a! !ec(rit1 for t"e 'a1)ent of an in ebte ne!! of P25,000 t"e ba$e! of tobacco? #"e ba$e! of tobacco t"(! '$e &e were !tore in t"e bo e&a of a t"ir 'er!on, Me!!r!? S'r(n&$i N Co?, !it(ate at ;o? 42 4now ;o? 2145 of Ca$$e 3avi , Mani$a? - on or abo(t t"e 1!t a1 of +ebr(ar1, 1-1., t"e efen ant cor'oration e)an e an obtaine fro) Me!!r!? S'r(n&$i N Co? t"e Ae1! to t"e !ai bo e&a, an i!covere t"at of t"e 4.8 ba$e! of tobacco t"ere re)aine on$1 t"o!e !et fort" in 'ara&ra'" 4 of t"e an!wer? 4I "ave no i ea "ow )an1? Sorr1?5 - t"e efen ant banA i not Anow an "a been (nab$e to a!certain w"et"er *La Irania Ci&ar +actor1 4Lt ?5,* )i!re're!ente t"e /(antit1 of t"e tobacco in t"e !ai ware"o(!e at t"e ti)e of t"e e6ec(tion of !ai oc()ent of '$e &e, or w"et"er t"e ifference between t"e a)o(nt e!cribe in t"e oc()ent of '$e &e an t"at fo(n on "an on t"e 1!t of +ebr(ar1, 1-1., an in t"e )eanti)e been i!'o!e of b1 *La Irania Ci&ar +actor1 4Lt ?5,* in co$$(!ion wit" Me!!r!? S'r(n&$i N Co?, b(t t"at if !(c" i!'o!ition wa! )a e it wa! wit"o(t t"e Anow$e &e or con!ent of t"e efen ant banA? - fro) !ai 1!t a1 of +ebr(ar1, 1-1., t"e efen ant cor'oration "a been in t"e ab!o$(te an e6c$(!ive 'o!!e!!ion of t"e tobacco, (nti$ t"e 15t" of Ma1, 1-1., w"en !a)e wa! !o$ (n er an b1 virt(e of t"e oc()ent of '$e &e b1 t"e efen ant banA for t"e !() of P12,922?.8 w"ic" wa! a''$ie on acco(nt of !ai $oan, t"e entire a)o(nt of w"ic" wa! t"en 'a!t (e an (n'ai , $eavin& a $ar&e ba$ance t"ereof !ti$$ (e an (n'ai ? - on t"e 22n a1 of A'ri$, 1-1., t"e '$aintiff #ec 7i N Co?, fi$e a co)'$aint in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of Mani$a a&ain!t *La Irania

PHIL ADVERTISIN/ COUNSELORS V. CA, HON. PEDRO REVILLA, SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL

45

PROJECTS /RN L 1=:5> ANTONIO< AU/ : =>21

NATURE A''ea$ fro) t"e eci!ion of t"e CA FACTS -So(t"ern In (!tria$ Pro2ect! 4SIP5 "ire P"i$i''ine A verti!in& Co(n!e$or! 4PAC5 to 'ro)ote SIP0! 'ro (ct!? SIP acc()($ate (n'ai acco(nt!? -PAC fi$e co)'$aint? Attac"e wE t"e co)'$aint were two $etter! 4Anne6e AN75 fro) SIP0! $aw1er, !a1in& t"at it wo($ not be 'o!!ib$e for SIP to !ett$e in f($$ it! acco(nt of P-9,-52 0> in one 'a1)ent an !(&&e!te t"at it 4SIP5 be a$$owe to !ett$e it! acco(nt b1 *'erio ic a)ortiBation*; an t"at SIP "a inc$( e PAC in it! $i!t of cre itor! *to w"o) 'a1)ent! are re&($ar$1 !c"e ($e ?* - SIP fi$e an!wer !tatin&@ 1? #"at it a )it! t"e a$$e&ation! in 'ara&ra'" 1 in!ofar a! it! 'er!ona$it1 i! concerned ut is $"o sufficient information to form a elief as to the truth of the rest of the allegations. 2? #"at efen ant i! $"o sufficient 'no$ledge or information to form a elief as to the truth# correctness or accurac! of the allegations !et fort" in 'ara&ra'"! 2 to 8 of '$aintiff! co)'$aint?* - PAC fi$e a )otion for 2( &)ent on t"e '$ea in&! a! t"e an!wer fai$e to ten er an i!!(e or *ot"erwi!e a )it! t"e )ateria$ a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aintL? SIP i not o''o!e to t"i! )otion? ,( &e Revi$$a enie t"e )otion an !et t"e ca!e for 're-tria$? #"en t"e ca!e wa! !et for tria$ on t"e )erit!? - PAC 're!ente it! ca!e an fi$e )e)oran a !a1in& t"at SIP0! an!wer fai$e to ten er an i!!(e a! !ai 'art1 *co($ not "ave enie Anow$e &e of t"e acco(nt in t"e face of it! written a )i!!ion!,* "ence, 2( &)ent on t"e '$ea in&! wa! 'ro'er? - SIP 're!ente it! ca!e an fi$e )e)oran a !a1in& t"at (n er Sec i!n =B, R,*e : of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, it! an!wer "a !(fficient$1 enie t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint an '$ace t"e) in i!!(e, !o t"at it beca)e inc()bent ('on 'etitioner to 'rove it! a$$e&ation!X ; an t"at a enia$ for *$acA of !(fficient Anow$e &e or infor)ation to for) a be$ief a! to t"e tr(t"* of t"e aver)ent! of t"e co)'$aint i! a !'ecific enia$ an a! !(c" '$ace! in i!!(e t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint !o enie ? - TC ec$are t"at !ai an!wer rea$$1 fai$e to ten er an1 i!!(e an t"at t"e c$ai)! a$$e&e in t"e co)'$aint are, t"erefore, ee)e a )itte ? #C or ere SIP to 'a1 PAC t"e !() of P>-,100?0. wit" $e&a$ intere!t, attorne1D! fee!, an t"e co!t! of !(it? - SIP fi$e )otion for recon!i eration? PAC fi$e an o''o!ition to t"e M+R on t"e &ro(n ! t"at t"e eci!ion wa! in accor ance wit" $aw an t"e evi ence? ,( &e Revi$$a &rante M+R *in t"e intere!t of 2(!ticeL an !et t"e ca!e for "earin& on t"e )erit!? - PAC fi$e an o)nib(! )otion for recon!i eration an for e6ec(tion, conten in& t"at t"e M+R bein& 'ro for)a, i not interr('t t"e r(nnin& of t"e 'erio for a''ea$, an !ince SIP receive notice of t"e eci!ion, t"e 2( &)ent beca)e fina$ an e6ec(tor1, an con!e/(ent$1 it co($ no $on&er be )o ifie , or !et a!i e? ,( &e Revi$$a enie t"e o)nib(! )otion? -PAC fi$e 'etition for certiorari, 'ro"ibition an )an a)(!, wE 'ra1er for 're$i)inar1 in2(nction wE t"e CA, w"ic" &ave (e co(r!e to t"e 'etition an i!!(e a writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction? CA $ater i!)i!!e t"e 'etition an i!!o$ve t"e writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction? CA !ai t"at 'rivate re!'on ent co($ o no )ore t"an c$ai) in it! )otion for recon!i eration t"at t"e 2( &)ent of t"e tria$ co(rt wa! contrar1 to R($e >, Section 10, of t"e R($e! of Co(rt ISSUE @&!" -i# !picA 1? =O; re!'on ent0! an!wer con!tit(te enia$ 4a$$e&ation not ee)e

a )itte 5 HELD 1 ;O -#"e r($e a(t"oriBin& an an!wer to t"e effect t"at t"e efen ant "a! no Anow$e &e or infor)ation !(fficient to for) a be$ief a! to t"e tr(t" of an aver)ent an &ivin& !(c" an!wer t"e effect of a enia$, )!e# n! %pp*( K-e"e -e &%c %# ! K-ic- K%n !& 7n!K*e)+e i# %##e" e) i# #! p*%in*( %n) nece##%"i*( Ki -in -e )e&en)%n J# 7n!K*e)+e -% -i# %'e"Den !& i+n!"%nce D,# 6e p%*p%6*( ,n ",e 4a! "e$ in Ca'ito$ Motor! Cor'oration v? Cab(t5 - *an (ne6'$aine enia$ of infor)ation an be$ief of a )atter of recor !, t"e )ean! of infor)ation concernin& w"ic" are wit"in t"e contro$ of t"e '$ea er, or are rea i$1 acce!!ib$e to "i), i! eva!ive an i! in!(fficient to con!tit(te an effective enia$?* Reasoning; #"e r($e t"at a )ere a$$e&ation of i&norance of t"e fact! a$$e&e in t"e co)'$aint i! in!(fficient to rai!e an i!!(e, for t"e efen ant )(!t aver 'o!itive$1 or !tate "ow it i! t"at "e i! i&norant of t"e fact! !o a$$e&e , )(!t be a''$ie in t"i! ca!e, for 'etitionerD! co)'$aint e6'$icit$1 averre t"at t"e $etter! 4Anne6AN75 were written b1 'rivate re!'on ent, a$beit t"r( it! $aw1er? ="et"er or not t"e !ai aver)ent! in t"e co)'$aint were tr(e, co($ not conceivab$1 be (nAnown to 'rivate re!'on ent? A! a )atter of fact it "a! never been enie b1 'rivate re!'on ent t"at it wa! in ebte to 'etitione? It "a! not been a!!erte t"at t"e $etter! attac"e a! Anne6e! *A* an *7* to t"e co)'$aint w"ic" were !ent to 'etitioner b1 t"e co(n!e$ of 'rivate re!'on ent were not a(t"oriBe b1 t"e $atter? #"ere wa! t"(! a fai$(re on 'rivate re!'on entD! 'art to en1 t"e )ateria$ aver)ent! of t"e co)'$aint? Con!e/(ent$1, t"e !a)e, inc$( in& t"e content! of Anne6e! *A* an *7*, w"ic" for)e 'art of t"e co)'$aint, an in w"ic" t"e e6i!tence an va$i it1 of 'etitionerD! c$ai) were (ne/(ivoca$$1 conce e , )(!t be ee)e to "ave been a )itte ? A$t"o(&" !anctione b1 t"e r($e!, t"e for) of enia$ a o'te b1 'rivate re!'on ent )(!t be avai$e of in &oo fait" an wit" !incerit1 an not re!orte to )ere$1 for t"e '(r'o!e of e$a1 or to conf(!e t"e a ver!e 'art1 a! to w"at aver)ent! in t"e co)'$aint are act(a$$1 '(t in i!!(e? Disposition A''ea$e 2( &)ent rever!e an !et a!i e, an So(t"ern In (!tria$ Pro2ect!, Inc? to 'a1 P"i$i''ine A verti!in& Co(n!e$or!, Inc? t"e a)o(nt of P>-,100?0., wit" $e&a$ intere!t (nti$ f($$1 'ai , '$(! 10J of t"e 'rinci'a$ a)o(nt (e b1 wa1 of attorne1D! fee!, an co!t!?

LIAM LAW V OLYMPIC SAWMILL =8> SCRA 91> MELENCIO-HERRERA< M%( 8:, =>:9
NATURE A''ea$ fro) a 3eci!ion ren ere b1 t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of 7($acan FACTS - Law $oane P10,000 to O$1)'ic Saw)i$$ wit"o(t intere!t? #"e $oan beca)e (e on ,an(ar1 .1, 1-80 b(t wa! not 'ai on t"at ate? #"e ebtor! a!Ae for an e6ten!ion of . )ont"! 4A'ri$ .0, 1-805? - Marc" 19, 1-80 M Anot"er $oan oc()ent wa! rawn (' w"erein t"e ob$i&ation wa! increa!e b1 P8,000 4to an!wer or attorne10! fee!, $e&a$ intere!t an ot"er co!t!5? 3efen ant! fai$e to 'a1 t"eir (e! b1 A'ri$ an w"en a action wa! in!tit(te a&ain!t t"e) b1 Law in Se'te)ber, t"e1 c$ai)e t"at t"e a itiona$ intere!t a! (!(rio(!? - A writ of attac")ent wa! t"en e6ec(te on rea$ an 'er!ona$ 'ro'ertie! of t"e efen ant? - #C@ or ere O$1)'ic Saw)i$$ to 'a1 Lia) Law P10,000 '$(! t"e P8,000 intere!t? ISSUE =O; t"e eci!ion of t"e tria$ co(rt wa! correct HELD CES Ratio Sec? - of t"e I!(r1 Law envi!a&e! a co)'$aint fi$e a&ain!t an entit1 w"ic" "a! co))itte (!(r1, for t"e recover1 of t"e (!(rio(! intere!t 'ai ? In t"at ca!e, if t"e entit1 !(e !"a$$

48 not fi$e it! an!wer (n er oat" en1in& t"e a$$e&ation of (!(r1, t"e efen ant !"a$$ be ee)e to "ave a )itte t"e (!(r1? #"e 'rovi!ion oe! not a''$1 to a ca!e, a! in t"e 're!ent, w"ere it i! t"e efen ant, not t"e '$aintiff, w"o i! a$$e&in& (!(r1? Reasoning - Sec? - of t"e I!(r1 Law !tate!@ F#"e 'er!on or cor'oration !(e !"a$$ fi$e it! an!wer in writin& (n er oat" to an1 co)'$aint bro(&"t or fi$e a&ain!t !ai 'er!on or cor'oration before a co)'etent co(rt to recover t"e )one1 or ot"er 'er!ona$ or rea$ 'ro'ert1, !ee ! or a&ric($t(ra$ 'ro (ct!, c"ar&e or receive in vio$ation of t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"i! Act? #"e $acA of taAin& an oat" to an an!wer to a co)'$aint wi$$ )ean t"e a )i!!ion of t"e fact! containe in t"e $atter?L - +or !o)eti)e, (!(r1 "a! been $e&a$$1 none6i!tent? Intere!t can now be c"ar&e a! ten er an borrower )a1 a&ree ('on?4 #"e R($e! of Co(rt in re&ar ! to a$$e&ation! of (!(r1, 'roce (ra$ in nat(re, !"o($ be con!i ere re'ea$e wit" retroactive effect? Disposition ,( &)ent affir)e - #"e i)'ortant i!!(e wa! w"et"er or not re!'on ent Sar)iento act(a$$1 receive t"e 'rocee ! of t"e !(b2ect $oan !o a! to )aAe "i) $iab$e t"erefor, a )atter w"ic" !"o($ "ave been venti$ate before t"e tria$ co(rt? - #"e tria$ co(rt i in fact )aAe a fin in& t"at t"e oc()entar1 evi ence of 'etitioner fai$e to 'rove an1t"in& !"owin& t"at re!'on ent in ee receive t"e 'rocee ! of t"e $oan? #"e Co(rt of A''ea$! affir)e t"e conc$(!ion! of t"e tria$ co(rt an ec$are @
A 're-e6i!tin& ob$i&ation, it )a1 be conce e , con!tit(te! va$(e an )a1, of an b1 it!e$f, !erve a! va$(ab$e an !(fficient con!i eration for a contract !(c" a! t"e $oan !(e ('on? A! an e!!entia$ e$e)ent of a contract, "owever, t"e !a)e !"o($ "ave been !ati!factori$1 'rove b1 t"e a''e$$ant M 'artic($ar$1 w"en, a! in t"e in!tant ca!e, t"e ab!ence of con!i eration wa! 'reci!e$1 '(t in i!!(e b1 t"e '$ea in&! an wa! b(ttre!!e b1 bot" ora$ an oc()entar1 evi ence? :avin& fai$e in t"i! )ateria$ re!'ect, t"e a''e$$ant0! wit" rawa$ of t"e a)o(nt !(''o!e $1 cre ite to t"e a''e$$ee0! acco(nt wa! (n er!tan ab$1 inter'rete b1 t"e co(rt a /(o a! a ter)inationEcance$$ation of t"e $oan t"e $atter a''$ie for? Con!i erin& f(rt"er t"at contract! wit"o(t con!i eration o not e6i!t in conte)'$ation of $aw an 'ro (ce no effect w"at!oever 4Artic$e 1.52, Civi$ Co e of t"e P"i$i''ine!5, t"e tria$, $iAewi!e, correct$1 i!)i!!e t"e a''e$$ant0! ca!e?

H!K ! c!n e# )!c,Den PHILIPPINE BANFIN/ CORPORATION V CA @AMALIO L. SARMIENTOA SCRA CORONA< J%n,%"( =1, 8BB9
NATURE Petition for review FACTS - A)a$io L? Sar)iento, re&i!tere owner of A?L? Sar)iento Con!tr(ction, a''$ie for a $oan fro) P"i$i''ine 7anAin& Cor'oration in t"e !() of P4,128,000, evi ence b1 'ro)i!!or1 note no? 828->4? - P(r!(ant t"ereto, Sar)iento ob$i&ate "i)!e$f to 'a1 t"e a)o(nt wit" intere!t at t"e rate of 2-J 'er ann()? A itiona$$1, it wa! !ti'($ate t"at if 'a1)ent wa! not )a e ('on )at(rit1 of t"e $oan, 'ena$t1 c"ar&e! of 1J 'er )ont" an 25J of t"e tota$ a)o(nt (e wo($ be c"ar&e a&ain!t "i)? - Sar)iento !i&ne t"e afore!ai 'ro)i!!or1 note to&et"er wit" t"e i!c$o!(re !tate)ent on $oanEcre it tran!action 'rovi e b1 t"e banA? - Sar)iento fai$e to 'a1 t"e ob$i&ation on )at(rit1, 'ro)'tin& P7C to !en "i) a $etter of e)an ? 3e!'ite t"e e)an , "owever, Sar)iento !ti$$ fai$e to !ett$e "i! in ebte ne!!? - P7C fi$e a co)'$aint for a !() of )one1 a&ain!t "i)? In "i! an!wer, Sar)iento enie t"at "e receive t"e 'rocee ! of t"e $oan tran!action an 'ra1e t"at t"e ca!e a&ain!t "i) be i!)i!!e ? - #"e tria$ co(rt ren ere it! eci!ion fin in& t"at '$aintiff )i!erab$1 fai$e to 'rove it! ca!e b1 're'on erance of evi ence? #"e ca!e wa! i!)i!!e ? - P7C fi$e a )otion for new tria$ w"ic" t"e tria$ co(rt !(b!e/(ent$1 &rante e!'ite t"e o''o!ition of Sar)iento? - #"e tria$ co(rt ren ere a eci!ion fin in& t"e evi ence a (ce b1 t"e banA to be in!(fficient to !(b!tantiate it! c$ai)? #"e tria$ co(rt rein!tate it! ear$ier i!)i!!a$ of t"e ca!e a&ain!t Sar)iento an enie P"i$i''ine 7anAin& Cor'oration0! !(b!e/(ent )otion for recon!i eration? - P7C a''ea$e to t"e CA - CA affir)e wit" )o ification t"e tria$ co(rt0! b1 e$etin& t"e tria$ co(rt0! awar of attorne10! fee!? - :ence, t"e in!tant 'etition ISSUE =O; no 'roof wa! re/(ire of 'etitioner to e!tab$i!" t"e content! of t"e !ai oc()ent! beca(!e !(c" 2( icia$ a )i!!ion! of re!'on ent create a 'ri)a facie ca!e in 'etitioner0! favor HELD ;O? - It i! (n i!'(te t"at re!'on ent Sar)iento !i&ne t"e 'ro)i!!or1 note an t"e acco)'an1in& i!c$o!(re !tate)ent on $oanEcre it tran!action? 7(t !ai 'iece! of evi ence 'rove on$1 t"e e6i!tence of !(c" oc()ent!? #"ere wa! even no /(e!tion a! to t"at beca(!e re!'on ent Sar)iento "i)!e$f a )itte t"e (e e6ec(tion t"ereof?

- A !tate)ent in a written in!tr()ent re&ar in& t"e 'a1)ent of con!i eration i! )ere$1 in t"e nat(re of a recei't an )a1 be contra icte ? Re!'on ent Sar)iento enie "avin& receive t"e 'rocee ! of t"e $oan an in fact 're!ente evi ence !"owin& t"at on t"e a1 'etitioner c$ai)e to "ave cre ite t"e !(b2ect a)o(nt, it wa! a&ain ebite or wit" rawn b1 'etitioner, a )itte $1 ('on t"e in!tr(ction of t"e officia$! fro) 'etitioner0! "ea office? - Petitioner atte)'te to controvert t"i! fact b1 c$ai)in& t"at t"e 'rocee ! of t"e $oan were a''$ie to re!'on ent0! 'revio(! ob$i&ation! to t"e banA? 7(t t"ere i! not"in& in t"e recor ! !"owin& t"at re!'on ent "a ot"er ob$i&ation! to w"ic" t"e 'rocee ! of t"e $oan co($ or !"o($ "ave been a''$ie ? Moreover, 'etitioner fai$e to e6'$ain 2(!t e6act$1 w"at !ai ob$i&ation! were or to w"at e6tent t"e '(r'orte 'rocee ! were a''$ie in !ati!faction t"ereof? ="at a''eare c$ear$1 wa! t"at t"e 'rocee ! of t"e $oan were e'o!ite t"en wit" rawn t"e !a)e a1 b1 'etitioner it!e$f, t"(! ne&atin& it! c$ai) t"at re!'on ent act(a$$1 receive it? Petitioner t"erefore fai$e to e!tab$i!" it! ca!e a&ain!t re!'on ent Sar)iento? - 7e t"at a! it )a1, t"e &enera$ r($e i! t"at on$1 /(e!tion! of $aw )a1 be rai!e in a 'etition for review on certiorari? 7arrin& a !"owin& t"at t"e fin in&! of fact co)'$aine of are tota$$1 evoi of !(''ort in t"e recor !, !(c" eter)ination )(!t !tan for t"e Co(rt i! neit"er e6'ecte nor re/(ire to e6a)ine or ref(te t"e ora$ an oc()entar1 evi ence !(b)itte b1 t"e 'artie!? Di#p!#i i!n Petition 3E;IE3?

De&en#e0!6.ec i!n K%i'e) FATON V PALANCA /.R. N!. =4==9> PAN/ANIBAN< Sep eD6e" 2, 8BB9
NATURE Petition for Review (n er R($e 45 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, a!!ai$in& CA eci!ion, an re!o$(tion en1in& M+R? FACTS -A(&(!t 2, 1-8.@ <eor&e Uaton fi$e a re/(e!t wit" t"e 3i!trict Office of t"e 7(rea( of +ore!tr1 in P(erto Prince!a, Pa$awan, for t"e rec$a!!ification 4fore!ta&ric($t(ra$ $an 5 of a 'iece of rea$ 'ro'ert1 Anown a! So)brero I!$an 4\1>"a!5? -7+3O P(erto Prince!a or ere t"e in!'ection, inve!ti&ation an !(rve1 of t"e $an , an t"ereafter for <eor&e Uaton to a''$1 for a "o)e!tea 'atent? -<abrie$ Man oc oc 4now retire Lan C$a!!ification Inve!ti&ator5 (n ertooA t"e inve!ti&ation, in!'ection an !(rve1 of t"e area in t"e 're!ence of <eor&e, "i! brot"er Ro o$fo 4 ecea!e 5 an "i! co(!in, Man(e$ Pa$anca, ,r?, 4re!'on ent5? 3(rin& !ai !(rve1, t"ere were no act(a$ occ('ant! on t"e i!$an b(t t"ere were !o)e cocon(t tree!
9 +or ot"er footnote! in t"i! ca!e@
V14W V.5W V.9W #"e !ai !ection 'rovi e! t"at FVtW"e!e r($e! !"a$$ a''$1 in a$$ co(rt!, e6ce't a! ot"erwi!e 'rovi e b1 t"e S('re)e Co(rt?L ]14&5 of R($e 18 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt? ]2 of R($e . of t"e R($e! of Co(rt rea !@

>

FSEC? 2? Partie! in intere!t?- A rea$ 'art1 in intere!t i! t"e 'art1 w"o !tan ! to be benefite or in2(re b1 t"e 2( &)ent in t"e !(it, or t"e 'art1 entit$e to t"e avai$! of t"e !(it? In$e!! ot"erwi!e a(t"oriBe b1 $aw or t"e!e R($e!, ever1 action )(!t be 'ro!ec(te or efen e in t"e na)e of t"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t?L

49 c$ai)e to "ave been '$ante b1 <eor&e an Pa$anca 4a$$e&e over!eer of <eor&e5 w"o went to t"e i!$an fro) ti)e to ti)e to (n ertaAe eve$o')ent worA, $iAe '$antin& of a itiona$ cocon(t tree!? -#"e a''$ication for conver!ion of t"e w"o$e So)brero I!$an wa! favorab$1 en or!e b1 7+3O P(erto Prince!a to it! )ain office in Mani$a for a''ro'riate action? #"e na)e! of +e$ici!i)o Cor'(B, C$e)ente Ma& a1ao an ,e!(! <a'i$an&o an ,(an +re!ni$$o were inc$( e in t"e en or!e)ent a! co-a''$icant! of <eor&e? A(t"oritie! note t"at !ince t"e !(b2ect $an wa! no $on&er nee e for fore!t '(r'o!e!, t"e !a)e i! t"erefore certifie an re$ea!e a! a&ric($t(ra$ $an for i!'o!ition (n er t"e P(b$ic Lan Act? -<eor&e Uaton !a1!@ t"e w"o$e So)brero I!$an "a been c$a!!ifie fro) fore!t $an to a&ric($t(ra$ $an an certifie avai$ab$e for i!'o!ition ('on "i! re/(e!t an at "i! in!tance? -:owever $an inve!ti&ator! of t"e P(erto Prince!a 3i!trict Lan Office, $ater favorab$1 en or!e t"e re/(e!t of re!'on ent! Man(e$ Pa$anca ,r? an LorenBo A&(!tin, for a(t"orit1 to !(rve1 vacant 'ortion! of So)brero I!$an con!i!tin& of 5"ectare! eac"? -S(b!e/(ent$1, re!'on ent! fi$e t"eir own "o)e!tea 'atent a''$ication!@ LorenBo A&(!tin 44?."a!5, ,(an +re!ni$$o 4>?5"a!5, an ,e!(! <a'i$an&o 4QQ"a!5? Man(e$ Pa$anca, ,r? wa! i!!(e a :o)e!tea Patent ;o? an OC# for 8?>4 "ectare! of So)brero I!$an ? -Uaton fi$e Co)'$aint for F;($$ification of A''$ication! for :o)e!tea an Ori&ina$ Certificate of #it$e ;o? <-90>- an for Reconve1ance of #it$eL an 'ra1e for reconve1ance of t"e w"o$e i!$an in "i! favor, ar&(in& t"at t"e "o)e!tea 'atent! an ori&ina$ certificate! of tit$e coverin& certain 'ortion! of So)brero I!$an i!!(e in favor of re!'on ent! were inva$i for "avin& been obtaine t"ro(&" fra( ? Re#p!n)en $# %"+,Den #? -Man(e$ Pa$anca a!!ert! t"at "e "i)!e$f re/(e!te for t"e rec$a!!ification of t"e i!$an in i!'(te; t"at abo(t t"e ti)e of !(c" re/(e!t, +re!ni$$o, <a'i$an&o an "i)!e$f a$rea 1 occ('ie t"eir re!'ective area! an intro (ce n()ero(! i)'rove)ent!; t"at Uaton never fi$e an1 "o)e!tea a''$ication for t"e i!$an ; t"at <abrie$ Man oc oc never (n ertooA t"e in!'ection an !(rve1 of t"e i!$an ; t"at "e i! not a )ere over!eer of Uaton beca(!e "e wa! actin& for "i)!e$f in eve$o'in& "i! own area an not a! an1bo 10! caretaAer? -Re!'on ent! aver t"at t"e1 are a$$ bona fi e an $awf($ 'o!!e!!or! of t"eir re!'ective 'ortion!, "ave ec$are !(c" for ta6ation '(r'o!e! an "ave been fait"f($$1 'a1in& ta6e! t"ereon for twent1 1ear!? #"e1 conten t"at Uaton "a! no $e&a$ ca'acit1 to !(e in!ofar a! t"e i!$an i! concerne 4an action for reconve1ance can on$1 be bro(&"t b1 t"e owner an not a )ere "o)e!tea a''$icant5 an t"at 'etitioner i! &(i$t1 of e!to''e$ b1 $ac"e! for "i! fai$(re to a!!ert "i! ri&"t over t"e $an for an (nrea!onab$e an (ne6'$aine 'erio of ti)e? -After fi$in& t"eir An!wer wit" S'ecia$ an Eor Affir)ative 3efen!e! an Co(nterc$ai), re!'on ent! a$!o fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n of t"e a$$e&e efiance b1 Uaton of t"e R#C0! or er to a)en "i! Co)'$aint 4!(b!tit(tion b1 t"e $e&a$ "eir! of t"e ecea!e <a'i$an&o5? M#3 wa! &rante ? Uaton0! M+R wa! enie ? -Uaton fi$e 'etition for certiorari before CA? In!tea of $i)itin& it!e$f to t"e a$$e&ation of &rave ab(!e of i!cretion, CA r($e on t"e )erit! N "e$ t"at w"i$e Uaton "a ca(!e t"e rec$a!!ification of So)brero I!$an fro) fore!t to a&ric($t(ra$ $an , "e never a''$ie for a "o)e!tea 'atent (n er t"e P(b$ic Lan Act? :ence, "e never ac/(ire tit$e to t"at $an ? A$!o, &rantin& ar&(en o t"at Uaton "a t"e e6c$(!ive ri&"t to a''$1 for a 'atent to t"e $an in /(e!tion, "e wa! a$rea 1 barre b1 $ac"e! for "avin& !$e't on "i! ri&"t for a$)o!t 2. 1ear! fro) t"e ti)e Pa$anca0! tit$e "a been i!!(e -On MR, CA acAnow$e &e t"at it "a erre w"en it r($e on t"e )erit! of t"e ca!e? It a&ree wit" Uaton t"at t"e #C "a acte wit"o(t 2(ri! iction in 'erf(nctori$1 i!)i!!in& "i! Se't10, 1--- M+R, on t"e erroneo(! &ro(n t"at it wa! a t"ir an 'ro"ibite )otion w"en it wa! act(a$$1 on$1 "i! fir!t )otion? ;onet"e$e!!, t"e co)'$aint wa! i!)i!!e )ot( 'ro'rio b1 t"e CA M wit" two 2(!tice! i!!entin& M '(r!(ant to it! Fre!i (a$ 'rero&ativeL (n er Sec? 1 of R($e - of t"e R($e! of Co(rt? CA !ai t"at fro) t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint, Uaton c$ear$1 "a no !tan in& to !eeA reconve1ance of t"e i!'(te $an , beca(!e "e neit"er "e$ tit$e to it nor even a''$ie for a "o)e!tea 'atent? It reiterate t"at on$1 t"e State co($ !(e for cance$$ation of t"e tit$e i!!(e ('on a "o)e!tea 'atent, an for rever!ion of t"e $an to t"e '(b$ic o)ain? It a$!o r($e t"at 're!cri'tion "a a$rea 1 barre t"e action for reconve1ance? ISSUES 1? =O; CA wa! correct in re!o$vin& t"e 'etition for certiorari ba!e on an i!!(e not rai!e in t"e 'etition 4=O; CA wa! correct in r($in& on t"e )erit!5 2? =O; CA wa! correct in invoAin& it! a$$e&e Yre!i (a$ 'rero&ative0 (n er Section 1, R($e - of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re in re!o$vin& t"e Petition on an i!!(e not rai!e in t"e Petition 4an event(a$$1 i!)i!!in& t"e ca!e for 're!cri'tion an $acA of 2(ri! iction5 HELD ="ere 're!cri'tion, $acA of 2(ri! iction or fai$(re to !tate a ca(!e of action c$ear$1 a''ear fro) t"e co)'$aint fi$e wit" t"e #C, t"e action )a1 be i!)i!!e )ot( 'ro'rio b1 t"e CA, even if t"e ca!e "a! been e$evate for review on ifferent &ro(n !? %eri$1, t"e i!)i!!a$ of !(c" ca!e! a''ro'riate$1 en ! (!e$e!! $iti&ation!? 1? #"i! i! not t"e fir!t ti)e t"at 'etitioner "a! taAen i!!(e wit" t"e 'ro'riet1 of t"e CA0! r($in& on t"e )erit!? :e rai!e it wit" t"e CA w"en "e )ove for recon!i eration of CA0! 3ec>, 2000 3eci!ion? #"e CA even correcte it!e$f in it! ;ov20, 2001 Re!o$(tion? -#"at !"o($ "ave been eno(&" to !ett$e t"e i!!(e? #"e CA0! Re!o$(tion on t"i! 'oint "a! ren ere 'etitioner0! i!!(e )oot? #"ere i! no nee to i!c(!! it f(rt"er? S(ffice it to !a1 t"at t"e a''e$$ate co(rt in ee acte ($tra 2(ri! ictio in r($in& on t"e )erit! of t"e ca!e w"en t"e on$1 i!!(e t"at co($ "ave been, an wa! in fact, rai!e wa! t"e a$$e&e &rave ab(!e of i!cretion co))itte b1 t"e tria$ co(rt in en1in& Uaton0! M+R? -Sett$e i! t"e octrine t"at t"e !o$e office of a writ of certiorari i! t"e correction of error! of 2(ri! iction? S(c" writ oe! not inc$( e a review of t"e evi ence,V10W )ore !o w"en no eter)ination of t"e )erit! "a! 1et been )a e b1 t"e tria$ co(rt, a! in t"i! ca!e? 2? ;O -CA0! Fre!i (a$ 'rero&ative!L (n er Sec1 of R($e- of t"e R($e! of Co(rt i! ifferent fro) t"e Fre!i (a$ 2(ri! ictionL of #C over ca!e! a''ea$e to CA? -RESI3IAL PRERO<A#I%ES@ Sec = !& R,*e > !& -e R,*e# !& C!," ? defenses and o jections not pleaded either in a motion to dismiss or in the ans$er are deemed $aived# e%cept $hen =1> lac' of jurisdiction over the su ject matter# =2> litis pendentia# =D> res judicata and =E> prescription are evident from the pleadings or the evidence on record. 4n the four e%cepted instances# the court shall motu proprio dismiss the claim or action. -RESI3IAL ,IRIS3IC#IO;@ Sec > !& R,*e 9= !& -e R,*e# !& C!," =B@ #"e Fre!i (a$ 2(ri! ictionL of tria$ co(rt! i! avai$ab$e at a !ta&e in w"ic" t"e co(rt i! nor)a$$1 ee)e to "ave $o!t 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e or t"e !(b2ect )atter invo$ve in t"e a''ea$? #"i! !ta&e i! reac"e ('on t"e 'erfection of t"e a''ea$! b1 t"e 'artie! or ('on t"e a''rova$ of t"e recor ! on a''ea$, b(t 'rior to t"e tran!)itta$ of t"e ori&ina$ recor ! or t"e recor ! on a''ea$? In eit"er in!tance, t"e #C !ti$$ retain! it! !oca$$e re!i (a$ 2(ri! iction to i!!(e 'rotective or er!, a''rove co)'ro)i!e!, 'er)it a''ea$! of in i&ent $iti&ant!, or er e6ec(tion 'en in& a''ea$, an a$$ow t"e wit" rawa$ of t"e a''ea$? -CA0! )ot( 'ro'rio i!)i!!a$ of 'etitioner0! Co)'$aint co($ not "ave been ba!e on re!i (a$ 2(ri! iction (n er R($e 41? S(c" or er of i!)i!!a$ wa! not one for t"e 'rotection an 're!ervation of t"e ri&"t! of t"e 'artie!, 'en in& t"e i!'o!ition of t"e ca!e on a''ea$? ="at t"e CA referre to a! re!i (a$ 'rero&ative! were t"e &enera$ re!i (a$ 'ower! of t"e co(rt! to i!)i!! an action )ot( 'ro'rio ('on t"e &ro(n ! )entione in Section 1 of R($e - of t"e R($e! of Co(rt an (n er a(t"orit1 of Section 2 of R($e 1 of t"e !a)e r($e!?
10R($e41?FSEC? -? Perfection of a''ea$; effect t"ereof? M A 'art10! a''ea$ b1 notice of a''ea$ i! ee)e 'erfecte a! to "i) ('on t"e fi$in&
of t"e notice of a''ea$ in (e ti)e? FA 'art10! a''ea$ b1 recor on a''ea$ i! ee)e 'erfecte a! to "i) wit" re!'ect to t"e !(b2ect )atter t"ereof ('on t"e a''rova$ of t"e recor on a''ea$ fi$e in (e ti)e? FIn a''ea$! b1 notice of a''ea$, t"e co(rt $o!e! 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e ('on t"e 'erfection of t"e a''ea$! fi$e in e6'iration of t"e ti)e to a''ea$ of t"e ot"er 'artie!? FIn a''ea$! b1 recor on a''ea$, t"e co(rt $o!e! 2(ri! iction on$1 over t"e !(b2ect )atter t"ereof ('on t"e a''rova$ of t"e recor ! on a''ea$ fi$e in (e ti)e an t"e e6'iration of t"e ti)e to a''ea$ of t"e ot"er 'artie!? FIn eit"er ca!e, 'rior to t"e tran!)itta$ of t"e ori&ina$ recor or t"e recor on a''ea$, t"e co(rt )a1 i!!(e or er! for t"e 'rotection an 're!ervation of t"e ri&"t! of t"e 'artie! w"ic" o not invo$ve an1 )atter $iti&ate b1 t"e a''ea$, a''rove co)'ro)i!e!, 'er)it a''ea$! of in i&ent $iti&ant!, or er e6ec(tion 'en in& a''ea$ in accor ance wit" Section 2 of R($e .-, an a$$ow wit" rawa$ of t"e a''ea$?L (e ti)e an t"e

4> -,(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter i! conferre b1 $aw an i! eter)ine b1 t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint an t"e c"aracter of t"e re$ief !o(&"t? Uaton 'ra1e , a)on& ot"er!, for a 2( &)ent 415 n($$if1in& t"e "o)e!tea 'atent a''$ication! of Re!'on ent! A&(!tin, +re!ni$$o an <a'i$an&o a! we$$ a! :o)e!tea Patent ;o? 145-29 an OC# ;o? <-90>- in t"e na)e of Re!'on ent Pa$anca; an 425 or erin& t"e irector of t"e Lan Mana&e)ent 7(rea( to reconve1 t"e So)brero I!$an to 'etitioner? -H@ i t"e Co)'$aint !(fficient$1 a$$e&e an action for ec$aration of n($$it1 of t"e free 'atent an certificate of tit$e or, a$ternative$1, for reconve1anceQ Or i it '$ea )ere$1 for rever!ionQ -An!@ #"e co)'$aint i not !(fficient$1 )aAe a ca!e for an1 of !(c" action!, over w"ic" t"e #C co($ "ave e6erci!e 2(ri! iction? -In an action for n($$ification of tit$e or ec$aration of it! n($$it1, t"e co)'$aint )(!t contain t"e fo$$owin& a$$e&ation!@ 15 t"at t"e conte!te $an wa! 'rivate$1 owne b1 t"e '$aintiff 'rior to t"e i!!(ance of t"e a!!ai$e certificate of tit$e to t"e efen ant; an 25 t"at t"e efen ant 'er'et(ate a fra( or co))itte a )i!taAe in obtainin& a oc()ent of tit$e over t"e 'arce$ of $an c$ai)e b1 t"e '$aintiff? -In t"e!e ca!e!, t"e n($$it1 ari!e! not fro) fra( or eceit, b(t fro) t"e fact t"at t"e irector of t"e Lan Mana&e)ent 7(rea( "a no 2(ri! iction to be!tow tit$e; "ence, t"e i!!(e 'atent or certificate of tit$e wa! voi ab initio? -In an a$ternative action for reconve1ance, t"e certificate of tit$e i! a$!o re!'ecte a! incontrovertib$e, b(t t"e tran!fer of t"e 'ro'ert1 or tit$e t"ereto i! !o(&"t to be n($$ifie on t"e &ro(n t"at it wa! wron&f($$1 or erroneo(!$1 re&i!tere in t"e efen ant0! na)e? #"e co)'$aint )(!t a$$e&e two fact! t"at, if a )itte , wo($ entit$e t"e '$aintiff to recover tit$e to t"e i!'(te $an @ 415 t"at t"e '$aintiff wa! t"e owner of t"e $an , an 425 t"at t"e efen ant i$$e&a$$1 i!'o!!e!!e t"e '$aintiff of t"e 'ro'ert1? -In t"e 're!ent ca!e, now"ere in t"e Co)'$aint i 'etitioner a$$e&e t"at "e "a 'revio(!$1 "e$ tit$e to t"e $an in /(e!tion? On t"e contrar1, "e acAnow$e &e t"at t"e i!'(te i!$an wa! '(b$ic $an , t"at it "a never been 'rivate$1 tit$e in "i! na)e, an t"at "e "a not a''$ie for a "o)e!tea (n er t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e P(b$ic Lan Act? -Rever!ionQ ;o? Section 101 of t"e P(b$ic Lan Act cate&orica$$1 ec$are! t"at on$1 t"e !o$icitor &enera$ or t"e officer in "i! !tea )a1 in!tit(te !(c" an action? A 'rivate 'er!on )a1 not brin& an action for rever!ion or an1 ot"er action t"at wo($ "ave t"e effect of cance$in& a free 'atent an it! erivative tit$e, wit" t"e re!($t t"at t"e $an t"ereb1 covere wo($ a&ain for) 'art of t"e '(b$ic o)ain? -The dis$issal of the Co$plaint is proper not onl% &ecause of lac' of jurisdiction( &ut also &ecause of the utter a&sence of a cause of action( a defense raised &% respondents in their !nswer. -A!!()in& t"at 'etitioner i! t"e 'ro'er 'art1 to brin& t"e action for ann($)ent of tit$e or it! reconve1ance, t"e ca!e !"o($ !ti$$ be i!)i!!e for bein& ti)e-barre ? A? 1-99, +eb21@ a "o)e!tea 'atent an an OC# wa! i!!(e to Pa$anca 1->>, Oct8@ fi$in& of t"e co)'$aint, wa1 'a!t ten 1ear! fro) t"e ate of t"e i!!(ance of t"e Certificate, t"e 're!cri'tive 'erio for reconve1ance of fra( ($ent$1 re&i!tere rea$ 'ro'ert1? 7? Pa$anca0! tit$e attaine t"e !tat(! of in efea!ibi$it1 one 1ear fro) t"e i!!(ance of t"e 'atent an t"e Certificate of #it$e in +ebr(ar1 1-99? It i! no $on&er o'en to review on t"e &ro(n of act(a$ fra( ? #ria$ co(rt! "ave a(t"orit1 an i!cretion to i!)i!! an action on t"e &ro(n of 're!cri'tion w"en t"e 'artie!D '$ea in&! or ot"er fact! on recor !"ow it to be in ee ti)e-barre ; an it )a1 o !o -on t"e ba!i! of a )otion to i!)i!! 4Sec? 1,f, R($e 18, R($e! of Co(rt5, or -an an!wer w"ic" !et! (' !(c" &ro(n a! an affir)ative efen!e 4Sec? 5, R($e 185, or -even if t"e &ro(n i! a$$e&e after 2( &)ent on t"e )erit!, a! in a )otion for recon!i eration; or -even if t"e efen!e "a! not been a!!erte at a$$, a! w"ere no !tate)ent t"ereof i! fo(n in t"e '$ea in&!; or -w"ere a efen ant "a! been ec$are in efa($t? ="at i! e!!entia$ on$1 i! t"at t"e fact! e)on!tratin& t"e $a'!e of t"e 're!cri'tive 'erio be ot"erwi!e !(fficient$1 an !ati!factori$1 a''arent on t"e recor ; eit"er in t"e aver)ent! of t"e '$aintiffD! co)'$aint, or ot"erwi!e e!tab$i!"e b1 t"e evi ence? Disposition Petition enie ? CA re!o$(tion affir)e ? Co)'$aint i!)i!!e on t"e &ro(n ! of $acA of 2(ri! iction, fai$(re to !tate a ca(!e of action an 're!cri'tion? Co!t! a&ain!t 'etitioner?

COMMON PROVISIONS
Re p%" # !& p*e%)in+

FIL-ESTATE /OLF AND DEVELOPMENT, INC. V CA @CABUCO-ANDRESA 854 SCRA 5=9 FAPUNAN< DeceD6e" =5, =>>5
NATURE Petition for review on certiorari of a eci!ion of t"e CA? FACTS - Petitioner +i$-E!tate <o$f an 3eve$o')ent, Inc? 4+E<3I5 i! t"e eve$o'er of t"e Mani$a So(t"woo ! &o$f co(r!e an re!i entia$ !(b ivi!ion 'ro2ect w"ic" 'art$1 cover! $an ! $ocate in 7iPan, La&(na? - 3ece)ber 2-, 1--2@ +e$i'e La1o! fi$e a Co)'$aint for In2(nction an 3a)a&e! wit" A''$ication for Pre$i)inar1 In2(nction a&ain!t +i$-E!tate Rea$t1 Cor'oration 4+ERC5 wit" t"e R#C of 7iPan? It a$$e&e t"at +e$i'e La1o! i! t"e $e&a$ owner an 'o!!e!!or of t"wo 'arce$! of $an "avin& a tota$ area of >.9,8-5 !/? )? $ocate in 7iPan, La&(na Anown a! Lot! 1 N 2 of P$an P!(-201? La1o! c$ai)e t"at t"e So(t"woo ! 'ro2ect encroac"e ('on t"e aforecite $an ! an t"(! "i! ri&"t! of owner!"i' an 'o!!e!!ion were vio$ate w"en +ERC bro(&"t in )en an e/(i')ent to be&in eve$o')ent of t"e !ai 'ro'ertie!? - +ebr(ar1 2, 1--.@ +ERC fi$e an O''o!ition to A''$ication for =rit of Pre$i)inar1 In2(nction an e6'$icit$1 !tate t"erein t"at t"e eve$o'er i! it! !i!ter co)'an1, +E<3I? - M%"c- 8>, =>>1? ,( &e S($tan of R#C 7iPan i!!(e an or er en1in& t"e 'ra1er for 're$i)inar1 in2(nction in view of La1o!0 inabi$it1 to !(b!tantiate "i! ri&"t? - J,ne 84, =>>1? La1o! a$on& wit" "i! wife an ot"er in ivi (a$! fi$e anot"er ca!e for In2(nction an 3a)a&e wit" Pra1er for Pre$i)inar1 In2(nction wit" t"e R#C of San Pe ro, t"i! ti)e a&ain!t +E<3I? #"e co)'$aint i! ba!ica$$1 i entica$ to t"at fi$e in t"e 7iPan ca!e, e6ce't for c"an&e! in t"e n()ber of 'art1-'$aintiff! an 'art1- efen ant! an in t"e area !iBe of t"e c$ai)e $an "o$ in&!? - +E<3I )ove to i!)i!! t"e San Pe ro ca!e on &ro(n ! of litis pendentia, for()-!"o''in&, $acA of ca(!e of action an $acA of 2(ri! iction? +E<3I ar&(e! t"at a !i)i$ar co)'$aint wa! 'revio(!$1 fi$e wit" t"e R#C 7iPan co(rt? +E<3I a$!o averre t"at t"e oc()ent! re$ie ('on b1 t"e 'rivate re!'on ent! are of o(btf($ veracit1 an t"at t"e1 fai$e to 'a1 t"e correct fi$in& fee!? - ,( &e Cab(co-An re! of San Pe ro R#C enie +E<3I0! )otion to i!)i!!, a! we$$ a! t"e Motion for Recon!i eration? +E<3I fi$e a Petition for Certiorari an Pro"ibition wit" A''$ication for Pre$i)inar1 In2(nction wit" t"e CA? CA or ere an R#O en2oinin& Cab(co-An re!? - ,an(ar1 25, 1--4@ R#C 7iPan ca!e wa! i!)i!!e wit"o(t 're2( ice on &ro(n ! of for()-!"o''in&? ISSUES 1? =O; La1o! i! &(i$t1 of for()-!"o''in&? 2? =O; t"e San Pe ro ca!e "a! ca(!e of action? HELD =. YES Ratio Reasoning Private re!'on ent! "ave in ee re!orte to for()!"o''in& in or er to obtain a favorab$e eci!ion? #"e 'attern i! (n i!'(tab$1 revea$e b1 t"e fact t"at after +e$i'e La1o! in!tit(te in 1--2 a ca!e for in2(nction an a)a&e! wit" a''$ication for 're$i)inar1 in2(nction in t"e R#C of 7iPan, an after "i! 'ra1er wa! enie in Marc" 1--., "e 4an ot"er in ivi (a$!5 fi$e an i entica$ co)'$aint for in2(nction an a)a&e! wit" 're$i)inar1 in2(nction in ,(ne 1--., t"i! ti)e wit" R#C San Pe ro? An e6a)ination wo($ !"ow t"at t"e San Pe ro co)'$ain! i! !i)'$1 an i)'rove ver!ion of t"e 7iPan co)'$aint? - Re!'on ent! content t"at t"ere i! no i entit1 of 'art- efen ant! !ince it wa! +ERC in t"e 7iPan ca!e an +E<3I in t"e San Pe ro ca!e? #"i! i! (n)eritorio(!, beca(!e +E<3I vo$(ntari$1 !(b)itte to t"e co(rt0! 2(ri! iction b1 fi$in& it! an!wer an e6're!!$1 !tatin& t"at it i! t"e

4eve$o'er of So(t"woo !, an not +ERC? #"e 7iPan co(rt e6're!!$1 reco&niBe +E<3I a! t"e efen ant in t"e !ai ca!e? - #"e wi$$f($ atte)'t b1 'rivate re!'on ent to obtain a 're$i)inar1 in2(nction in anot"er co(rt after it fai$e to ac/(ire t"e !a)e fro) t"e ori&ina$ co(rt con!tit(te! &rave ab(!e of t"e 2( icia$ 'roce!!? SC-A)Dini# "% i'e Ci"c,*%" B9->9? Revi!e Circ($ar 2---1 a''$ie! to an &overn! t"e fi$in& of 'etition! in t"e S('re)e Co(rt an t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! an i! inten e to 'revent t"e )($ti'$e fi$in& of t"e 'etition! or co)'$aint! invo$vin& t"e !a)e i!!(e! in ot"er trib(na$!? #"e fo$$owin& re/(ire)ent! 666 !"a$$ be !trict$1 co)'$ie wit" in t"e fi$in& of t"e co)'$aint!, 'etition!, a''$ication! or ot"er initiator1 '$ea in&! in a$$ co(rt! an a&encie! ot"er t"an t"e SC 666? #"e co)'$aint an ot"er initiator1 '$ea in&! referre to an !(b2ect of t"i! Circ($ar are t"e ori&ina$ civi$ co)'$aint, co(nterc$ai), cro!!-c$ai), t"ir 4fo(rt", etc5 'art1 co)'$aint, or co)'$aintin-intervention, 'etition, or a''$ication w"erein a 'art1 a!!ert! "i! c$ai) for re$ief? 8. NO Ratio In t"e eter)ination of =O; t"e co)'$aint !tate! a ca(!e of action, t"e anne6e! attac"e to t"e co)'$aint )a1 be con!i ere , t"e1 bein& 'art! of t"e co)'$aint? Reasoning #"e San Pe ro ca!e a$!o i not !tate a ca(!e of action? In eter)inin& =O; a co)'$aint !tate! a ca(!e of action, on$1 t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint )(!t be con!i ere ? #"e te!t if !(fficienc1 of t"e fact! i! =O; a )ittin& t"e fact! a$$e&e t"e co(rt can ren er a va$i 2( &)ent ('on t"e !a)e in accor ance wit" t"e 'ra1er t"ereof? - #"ere i! no ca(!e of action beca(!e La1o!0 c$ai) on t"e $an in /(e!tion i! ba!e on a fabricate oc()ent? #"e affi avit of !e$fa 2( ication i! a vita$ 'art of t"e co)'$aint t"at !"o($ be con!i ere in t"e eter)ination of w"et"er or not a ca(!e of action e6i!t!? - #"e $an P!(-201 i! an ori&ina$ !(rve1 for ,? Ree $ocate in Ma$ate, Mani$a, an Si-1498- i! a !(rve1 n()ber for t"e '$an of a $an 'arce$ !it(ate in 7o? 7e!!an&, Ca&a1an in t"e na)e of <re&orio 7$anco - :owever t"e CA an R#C $i)ite it!e$f to t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint 'ro'er of t"e San Pe ro ca!e in conc$( in& t"at !ai co)'$aint !tate a ca(!e of action? #"i! i! erroneo(!? - In t"e ca!e of Marco''er Minin& v <arcia, t"e R#C "a t"e o''ort(nit1 to e6a)ine t"e )erit! of t"e co)'$aint, t"e an!wer wit" co(nterc$ai), t"e 'etitioner0! an!wer to t"e co(nterc$ai) an it! an!wer to t"e re/(e!t for a )i!!ion? It wa! b(t $o&ica$ for !ai co(rt to con!i er a$$ of t"e!e '$ea in&! in eter)inin& =O; t"ere wa! a !(fficient ca(!e of action in t"e 'etitioner0! co)'$aint? - Re&a$a o@ #"e e6ce'tion i! 'rovi e in Sec? 2 R($e -? It a! a$!o been "e$ t"at (n er t"i! &ro(n t"e tria$ co(rt can con!i er a$$ t"e '$ea in&! fi$e , inc$( in& anne6e!, )otion! an t"e evi ence on recor ? DISPOSITION #"e 'etition for review on certiorari i! &rante ? Re!'on ent!0 co)'$aint i! i!)i!!e ? $oan? :owever, !"e fai$e to 'a1 "er $oan wit" t"e 37P, 'ro)'tin& t"e banA to forec$o!e t"e )ort&a&e coverin& t"e 2 $ot!? After "earin& 'rivate re!'on ent!0 a''$ication for 're$i)inar1 in2(nction, t"e R#C i!!(e an Or er en2oinin& t"e 37P an Att1? ;i$o <a$or'ort, t"e banA0! e'(tiBe !'ecia$ !"eriff, fro) 'rocee in& wit" t"e a(ction !a$e of t"e $ot! 'en in& t"e fina$ eter)ination of t"e civi$ ca!e w"erein 'rivate re!'on ent! 'ra1e for ann($)ent of t"e contract an t"e #C#! tran!ferrin& tit$e over t"e $ot! to A!(ncion Ca$ceta? - 37P an Att1? <a$or'ort fi$e an M+R b(t were enie b1 t"e R#C? :ence, t"e1 fi$e wit" t"e CA a 'etition for certiorari a$$e&in& t"at in &rantin& t"e in2(nctive re$ief in favor of 'rivate re!'on ent!, t"e R#C acte wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion? #"e CA i!)i!!e t"e 'etition for certiorari for fai$(re of one of t"e 'etitioner!, Att1? ;i$o <a$or'ort to !i&n t"e certification a&ain!t for() !"o''in&? #"e CA enie 'etitioner!0 M+R, "o$ in& t"at Att1? 3e)o!t"ene! 3e)eci$$o, 7ranc" Mana&er of t"e 37P at #a&bi$aran Cit1, fai$e to !"ow t"at "e i! t"e banA0! a(t"oriBe re're!entative to fi$e t"e 'etition for certiorari? ISSUE =O; t"e CA acte wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion in 'etition for certiorari i!)i!!in& t"e

DBP ' CA /.R. N!. =928=2 Oc !6e" 2, 8BB9

NATURE 'etition for review on certiorari a!!ai$in& t"e Re!o$(tion of t"e CA i!)i!!in& t"e 'etition for certiorari fi$e b1 t"e 37P an Att1? ;i$o <a$or'ort FACTS - 7ibiana <(erra e ABarcon, "erein 'rivate re!'on ent, an "er $ate "(!ban Inocente! ABarcon, obtaine a $oan fro) P;7? A! co$$atera$, t"e1 )ort&a&e 2 $ot! wit" t"e banA? 7(t t"e1 co($ not 'a1 t"eir $oan? A!(ncion Ca$ceta to$ 7ibiana t"at !"e i! wi$$in& to 'a1 t"eir $oan if 7ibiana wo($ )ort&a&e t"e $ot! to "er? Private re!'on ent! a&ree ? A!(ncion Ca$ceta t"en )a e an initia$ 'a1)ent of P29.,000?00 to t"e P;7? #"e banA e6ten e t"e re e)'tion 'erio to a$$ow A!(ncion to a''$1 wit" t"e 37P a $oan of P.?5M to be 'ai to t"e P;7? Private re!'on ent! e6ec(te a !i)($ate ee of !a$e of t"eir $ot! in "er favor to enab$e "er to )ort&a&e t"e !a)e wit" t"e 37P? - ="en t"e 'rocee ! of t"e $oan were re$ea!e , A!(ncion 'ai t"e P;7 P-00,000?00 re're!entin& t"e (n'ai ba$ance of re!'on ent!0

HELD ;O Ratio #"e certification a&ain!t for() !"o''in& i! fata$$1 efective, not "avin& been ($1 !i&ne b1 bot" 'etitioner!? #"i! 'roce (ra$ f$aw warrant! t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e 'etition for certiorari? #"e certification a&ain!t for() !"o''in& )(!t be !i&ne b1 t"e 'rinci'a$ 'artie!? Reasoning #"e 'etitioner! before t"e CA were t"e 37P, re're!ente b1 Att1? 3e)o!t"ene! 3e)eci$$o, t"e banA0! 7ranc" Mana&er at #a&bi$aran Cit1, an Att1? ;i$o <a$or'ort, 37P0! e'(tiBe !'ecia$ !"eriff? #"e certification a&ain!t for() !"o''in& wa! !i&ne b1 Att1? 3e)eci$$o on$1? Petitioner! e6'$aine in t"eir M+R t"at in t"e verification of t"e 'etition for certiorari, Att1? 3e)eci$$o !tate (n er oat" t"at "e i! t"e 37P0! inc()bent 7ranc" :ea an it! ($1 a(t"oriBe officer? #"e1 !(b)itte a co'1 of a re!o$(tion 'a!!e b1 t"e 37P 7oar of <overnor!, a(t"oriBin& 7ranc" :ea ! of t"e 37P to !i&n t"e verification an certification a&ain!t for() !"o''in& of a$$ initiator1 '$ea in&! of t"e banA? ="at 'etitioner! fai$e to e6'$ain, "owever, i! t"eir fai$(re to attac" a certifie tr(e co'1 of t"e re!o$(tion to t"eir 'etition? #"eir o)i!!ion i! fata$ to t"eir ca!e? Co(rt! are not e6'ecte to taAe 2( icia$ notice of cor'orate boar re!o$(tion! or a cor'orate officer0! a(t"orit1 to re're!ent a cor'oration? Petitioner!0 fai$(re to !(b)it 'roof t"at Att1? 3e)eci$$o "a! been a(t"oriBe b1 t"e 37P to fi$e t"e 'etition i! a *!(fficient &ro(n for t"e i!)i!!a$ t"ereof?* Att1? <a$or'ort conten ! t"at t"e !i&nat(re of Att1? 3e)eci$$o, re're!entin& t"e 37P, i! !(fficient !ince "e an 37P are bein& !(e 2oint$1, t"e1 "avin& a co))on intere!t in t"e $ot! (n er $iti&ation? :i! contention $acA! )erit? 37P i! bein& !(e a! a )ort&a&ee, w"i$e "e i! i)'$ea e a! t"e banA0! e'(tiBe !'ecia$ !"eriff w"o con (cte t"e e6tra-2( icia$ forec$o!(re of t"e )ort&a&e? #"eir intere!t! are not t"e !a)e? #"e certification a&ain!t for() !"o''in& !"o($ be !i&ne b1 a$$ t"e 'etitioner! in a ca!e, an t"e !i&nin& b1 on$1 one of t"e) i! in!(fficient? Disposition Petition i! 3E;IE3

WEE V /ALVEZ 915 SCRA >5 EUISUMBIN/< A,+,# ==, 8BB9

NATURE Petition for review on certiorari FACTS - Petitioner Ro!e)arie =ee an re!'on ent Ro!ario 3? <a$veB are !i!ter!? Ro!e)arie $ive! wit" "(!ban Man(e$ in 7ataan? Ro!ario $ive! in ;ew CorA, ISA - #"e1 entere into an a&ree)ent w"ereb1 Ro!ario wo($ !en Ro!e)arie ISZ20,000, "a$f of !ai a)o(nt to be e'o!ite in a !avin&! acco(nt w"i$e t"e ba$ance co($ be inve!te in t"e )one1 )arAet? #"e intere!t to be earne t"erefro) wo($ be &iven to Ro!arioD! !on, Mano$ito <a$veB, a! "i! a$$owance

50 - In accor ance wit" "er a&ree)ent wit" Ro!ario, Ro!e)arie &ave Mano$ito "i! )ont"$1 a$$owance ran&in& fro) P2,000 to P4,000 a )ont" fro) 1--. to ,an(ar1 1---? :owever, !o)eti)e in 1--5, Ro!ario a!Ae for t"e ret(rn of t"e ISZ20,000 an for an acco(ntin&? Ro!e)arie 'ro)i!e to co)'$1 wit" t"e e)an b(t fai$e to o !o? A written e)an wa! !ent to "er? ="en Ro!e)arie i not co)'$1, Ro!ario fi$e a !(it a&ain!t "er? - #"e =ee! )ove to i!)i!! t"e ca!e ba!e on t"e fo$$owin& &ro(n !@ 415 t"e $acA of a$$e&ation in t"e co)'$aint t"at earne!t effort! towar a co)'ro)i!e "a been )a e in accor ance wit" Artic$e 1515 of t"e +a)i$1 Co e; 425 fai$(re to !tate a va$i ca(!e of action, t"e action bein& 're)at(re in t"e ab!ence of 'revio(! earne!t effort! towar a co)'ro)i!e; an 4.5 t"e certification a&ain!t for() !"o''in& wa! efective, "avin& been e6ec(te b1 an attorne1-in-fact an not t"e '$aintiff? - Ro!ario a)en e "er co)'$aint to a t"at FEarne!t effort! towar ! "ave been )a e b(t t"e !a)e "ave fai$e L 4)a$i ta$a&a 1(n& !in($at ni$a5? #"e tria$ co(rt acce'te t"e a)en e co)'$aint an i!)i!!e t"e =ee0! )otion to i!)i!!? =ee )ove for an M+R? It wa! a$!o enie ? - #"e =ee co('$e bro(&"t t"e )atter to t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! via a !'ecia$ civi$ action for certiorari, 'ro"ibition, an )an a)(!? It wa! a$!o enie ? #"e Co(rt of A''ea$! "e$ t"at t"e co)'$aint, a! a)en e , !(fficient$1 !tate a ca(!e of action? It $iAewi!e "e$ t"at t"e /(e!tione certification a&ain!t for() !"o''in& a''en e t"ereto wa! not !o efective a! to warrant t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint? An M+R wa! fi$e b(t wa! $iAewi!e enie ? ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"e certification of non-for() !"o''in& e6ec(te b1 t"e '$aintiff0! att1-in-fact i! efective 2? =O; t"e a)en e co)'$aint before t"e R#C !tate! a ca(!e of action HELD 1? ;o Reasoning #"e S'ecia$ Power of Attorne1 e6ec(te b1 "er in favor of <race <a$veB, if !(b2ecte to caref($ !cr(tin1 wo($ c$ear$1 !"ow t"at t"e a(t"orit1 &iven to t"e $atter i! not on$1 broa b(t a$!o a$$ enco)'a!!in& t"at it inc$( e! t"e 'ower an a(t"orit1 to in!tit(te bot" civi$ an cri)ina$ action!? Coro$$ar1 wit" t"i! 'ower i! t"e a(t"orit1 to !i&n a$$ 'a'er!, oc()ent!, an '$ea in&! nece!!ar1 for t"e acco)'$i!")ent of t"e !ai '(r'o!e? #"e SPA inc$( e!@ 1? #o a!A, e)an an c$ai) an1 !() of )one1 t"at i! ($1 V (eW fro) an1 'er!on nat(ra$, 2(ri ica$ an Eor cor'oration in t"e P"i$i''ine!; 2? #o fi$e cri)ina$ an Eor civi$ co)'$aint! before t"e co(rt! of 2(!tice in t"e P"i$i''ine! to enforce )1 ri&"t! an intere!tV!W; .? #o atten "earin&! an Eor Pre$i)inar1 ConferenceV!W, to )aAe !ti'($ation!, a 2(!t c$ai)!, to !ett$e an Eor enter into Co)'ro)i!e A&ree)entV!W, to $iti&ate an to ter)inate !(c" 'rocee in&!; Van W 4? #o !i&n a$$ 'a'er!, oc()ent! an '$ea in&! nece!!ar1 for t"e acco)'$i!")ent of t"e above '(r'o!e!? 2? CES Ratio It i! tr(e t"at t"e $ea !entence of 'ara&ra'" --A, )a1 be inco)'$ete or even &ra))atica$$1 incorrect a! t"ere )i&"t be a )i!!in& wor or '"ra!e, b(t to o(r )in , a $acAin& wor $iAe *co)'ro)i!e* co($ be !(''$ie b1 t"e re!t of t"e 'ara&ra'"? Reasoning Petitioner! !(b)it t"at t"e a)en e co)'$aint vio$ate! R($e >, Section 1.. of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, a! t"ere i! no '$ain an irect !tate)ent of t"e ($ti)ate fact! on w"ic" t"e '$aintiff re$ie! for "er c$ai)? S'ecifica$$1, 'etitioner! conten t"at t"e a$$e&ation in 'ara&ra'" --A of t"e a)en e co)'$aint t"at *Earne!t effort! towar ! "ave been )a e b(t t"e !a)e "ave fai$e * i! c$ear$1 in!(fficient? #"e !entence i! inco)'$ete, t"(! re/(ire! t"e rea er of t"e '$ea in& to en&a&e in e (ction! or inference! in or er to &et a co)'$ete !en!e of t"e ca(!e of action, accor in& to 'etitioner!? -Re!'on ent reb(t! b1 !tatin& t"at t"e a)en e co)'$aint a! we$$ a! t"e anne6e! attac"e to t"e '$ea in&! !"o($ be taAen in t"eir entiret1? #"(! taAen to&et"er, in t"eir entiret1, t"e a)en e co)'$aint an t"e attac")ent! to t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint, c$ear$1 !"ow t"at a !(fficient ca(!e of action a! it i! !"own an !tate t"at earne!t effort! towar ! a co)'ro)i!e "ave been )a e, accor in& to re!'on ent? -A 'ara&ra'" i! *a i!tinct !ection or !(b ivi!ion of a written or 'rinte co)'o!ition t"at con!i!t! of fro) one to )an1 !entence!, for)! a r"etorica$ (nit? A! a *!"ort co)'o!ition con!i!tin& of a &ro(' of !entence! ea$in& wit" a !in&$e to'ic,* a 'ara&ra'" )(!t nece!!ari$1 be con!tr(e in it! entiret1 in or er to 'ro'er$1 erive t"e )e!!a&e !o(&"t to be conve1e ? In t"e in!tant ca!e, 'ara&ra'" --A of t"e A)en e Co)'$aint ea$! wit" t"e to'ic of effort! )a e b1 t"e re!'on ent to reac" a co)'ro)i!e between t"e 'artie!? :ence, it i! in t"i! $i&"t t"at t"e efective $ea !entence )(!t be (n er!too or con!tr(e ? -:avin& e6a)ine t"e A)en e Co)'$aint in it! entiret1 a! we$$ a! t"e oc()ent! attac"e t"ereto, fo$$owin& t"e r($e t"at oc()ent! attac"e to a '$ea in& are con!i ere bot" a! evi ence an a! 'art of t"e '$ea in&, we fin t"at t"e re!'on ent "a! 'ro'er$1 !et o(t "er ca(!e of action? Disposition Petition i! enie ?

BA/UIARO V. BARRIOS BBSCRA BB FERIA, 1B A,+. =>95

FACTS -Co)'$aint fi$e on ,an(ar1 9, 1-45, in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of I$oi$o b1 E)i$iana #('a! % a? e Ata! a&ain!t 7a&(iaro? -3e Ata! i! t"e e6c$(!ive an ab!o$(te an re&i!tere owner of t"e fo$$owin& e!cribe 'ro'ert1, !it(ate in t"e Cit1 of I$oi$o? #"e above $ot, wit"o(t t"e i)'rove)ent! w"ic" were b(rne (rin& t"e war, i! a!!e!!e at P4,8>0? -#"at !o)eti)e in t"e )ont" of ,($1, 1-48, 7a&(iaro verba$$1 !o$icite t"e 'er)i!!ion of "erein e Ata! to con!tr(ct a "o(!e of $i&"t )ateria$! on t"e $ot of !o)e t"ree braBa! wi e an t"ree braBa! $on& 2(!t eno(&" for t"e) to !$ee', at a )ont"$1 renta$ of twent1 'e!o! 4P205, 'a1ab$e in a vance, an e Ata! to$ 7a&(iaro t"at !"e wo($ t"inA t"e )atter; !"e fo(n o(t t"at efen ant "a a$rea 1 be&(n t"e con!tr(ction of a ni'a an ba)boo "o(!e wit" no a''rova$ fro) "er; -In!tea of con!tr(ctin& a "o(!e of t"ree braBa! b1 t"ree braBa! a! above 7a&(iaro "a! b(i$t a ition! after a ition! to t"e "o(!e !(c" t"at t"e 're!ent "o(!e con!tr(cte i! twent1-ei&"t an one-"a$f feet on t"e front an fort1-two an one-"a$f feet on t"e !i e, an "a! rente a 'art t"ereof to ot"er 'er!on!, an t"at w"en '$aintiff i!covere t"i! ano)a$1 an vio$ation! of t"eir verba$ an initia$ a&ree)ent, efen ant wa! to$ !o)eti)e on October, 1-45, to 'a1 a )ont"$1 renta$ of fift1 'e!o! 4P505 a )ont", or vacate t"e $ot in /(e!tion? +or t"e )ont" of October, 7a&(iaro 'ai on$1 t"e !() of P25, $eavin& a ba$ance of P25, an for !(b!e/(ent )ont"! 7a&(iaro "a! ref(!e an !ti$$ ref(!e! to 'a1 t"e !ai renta$! of fift1 'e!o! 4P505, or vacate t"e 're)i!e!, in !'ite of re'eate e)an !? -Pra1er@ efen ant to 'a1 to '$aintiff t"e !() of fift1 'e!o! 4P505 a! )ont"$1 renta$! for t"e $ot occ('ie b1 "i) of t"e 'ro'ert1 of "erein '$aintiff, be&innin& wit" t"e )ont" of October, 1-45, or to vacate t"e $ot in /(e!tion, wit" co!t! a&ain!t t"e efen ant, an for !(c" ot"er an for !(c" ot"er an f(rt"er re$ief a! t"i! :onorab$e Co(rt !"a$$ ee) 2(!t an e/(itab$e? -7a&(iaro fi$e )otion to i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e Co(rt "a! no 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e co)'$aint or !(it, t"e action bein& eit"er for t"e co$$ection of renta$! of a rea$ e!tate w"ic" o not reac" to two "(n re 'e!o! 4P2005 or for e2ect)ent fro) t"e 're)i!e! in 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect of t"e $iti&ation? -C+I )otion to i!)i!! enie an !entencin& 7a&(iaro eit"er to 'a1 two "(n re fift1 'e!o! 4P2505 or to vacate t"e $ot in /(e!tion? -Petition for Certiorari on t"e &ro(n t"e re!'on ent 2( &e acte wit"o(t 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter in tr1in& an eci in& t"e ca!e, an at t"e !a)e ti)e a!Ae t"i! Co(rt to en2oin t"e re!'on ent 2( &e fro) taAin& f(rt"er action in t"e ca!e (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of t"i! 'etition? ISSUE =O; t"e co(rt acte wit"o(t 2(ri! iction HELD Ce!, co(rt acte wit"o(t 2(ri! iction? It i! an a6io), in civi$ 'roce (re t"at if t"e re$ief e)an e i! not t"e 'ro'er one w"ic" )a1 be &rante (n er t"e $aw, it oe! not c"aracteriBe or eter)ine t"e nat(re of t"e '$aintiffD! action, an t"at t"e re$ief to w"ic" t"e '$aintiff i! entit$e ba!e on t"e fact! a$$e&e b1 "i) in "i! co)'$aint, a$t"o(&" it i! not

51 t"e re$ief e)an e , i! w"at eter)ine! t"e nat(re of t"e action? An t"at i! t"e rea!on w"1 it i! &enera$$1 a e to 'ra1er! for re$ief, t"o(&" not nece!!ar1, t"e wor ! *an for !(c" ot"er re$ief a! t"e $aw warrant!,* or ot"er! to t"e !a)e effect? So if a '$aintiff a$$e&e!, for in!tance, t"at t"e efen ant owe! t"e for)er a certain a)o(nt of )one1 an i not 'a1 it at t"e ti)e !ti'($ate , an 'ra1! t"at t"e efen ant be !entence to ret(rn a certain 'er!ona$ 'ro'ert1 to t"e '$aintiff, !(c" 'ra1er wi$$ not )aAe or convert t"e action of recover1, of ebt into one of recover1 of 'er!ona$ 'ro'ert1, an t"e co(rt !"a$$ &rant t"e 'ro'er re$ief, or !entence t"e efen ant to 'a1 "i! ebt to t"e '$aintiff? #"e attorne1 of t"e '$aintiff, in "i! o''o!ition to t"e efen antD! )otion to i!)i!! fi$e in t"e co(rt be$ow, an in "i! an!wer to t"e 'etition for certiorari in t"i! Co(rt, conten ! t"at t"e '$aintiffD! 'rinci'a$ action i! for breac" of contract, an t"erefore wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance, beca(!e it i! not ca'ab$e of 'ec(niar1 e!ti)ation? #"ere i! no !(c" Ain of action? 7reac" of contract )a1 be t"e ca(!e of action, b(t not t"e action or re$ief it!e$f? Accor in& to o(r Civi$ Co e, a breac" of contract i! acc(!e of action, eit"er for !'ecific 'erfor)ance, or 'erfor)ance, or re!ci!!ion of t"e contract? A! t"e '$aintiff i! entit$e i! entit$e on$1 to one of t"e two re$ief!, if "e 'ra1! t"at t"e efen ant! be !entence to 'erfor) t"e ob$i&ation! i)'o!e ('on "i) b1 t"e contract t"e action i! !'ecific 'erfor)ance, an if "e 'ra1! t"at t"e contract be re!cin t"e '$aintiffD! action i! re!ci!!ion? In contract! of $ea!e of a rea$ e!tate, if t"e $e!!ee vio$ate! t"e ter)! of t"e contract b1 "i! fai$(re to 'a1 t"e rent (e or to co)'$1 wit" t"e con ition! of t"e $ea!e, an ref(!e! to vacate or ret(rn t"e 'o!!e!!ion of t"e 'ro'ert1 $ea!e to t"e $e!!or notwit"!tan in& e)an to o !o, t"e action i! i$$e&a$ etainer if fi$e wit"in one 1ear, an recover1 or re!toration of 'o!!e!!ion if fi$e after one 1ear, fro) t"e e)an ? #"at t"e 'ra1er of re$ief in t"e co)'$aint !ee)! to conve1 t"e i ea t"at t"e '$aintiff wo($ a&ree to $et t"e efen ant contin(e in 'o!!e!!ion if "e 'a1! t"e rent! or a)a&e! e)an e b1 t"e '$aintiff, oe! not c"an&e t"e nat(re of t"e action, !ince t"e co(rt )a1 on$1 &rant t"e 'ro'er re$ief accor in& to $aw, t"at i!, t"e e2ect)ent of t"e efen ant an t"e 'a1)ent b1 t"e $atter of t"e a)a&e! (e for t"e occ('ation of t"e $an , t"o(&" t"e '$aintiff i! free to con one !ai 'a1)ent? It i! evi ent t"at t"e co(rt can not a(t"oriBe t"e efen ant 'etitioner to contin(e in 'o!!e!!ion t"e $an a! $e!!ee if "e 'a1! t"e rent! or a)a&e! e)an e b1 t"e '$aintiff !ince !(c" contin(ation e'en ! not on$1 ('on t"e '$aintiffD! wi$$ b(t a$!o ('on t"at of t"e efen ant? A 2( &)ent a(t"oriBin& t"e efen ant to contin(e a! $e!!ee for a certain an efinite 'erio of ti)e after t"e 2( &)ent, wi$$ not bin t"e '$aintiff to &rant !(c" $ea!e nor t"e efen ant to contin(e a! $e!!ee 'a1in& t"e )ont"$1 renta$ fi6e b1 t"e co(rt? A co(rt cannot )aAe an i)'o!e a contract ('on t"e 'artie!? Even a!!()in&, ar&(en o, t"at t"e co)'$aint )a1 contain two a$ternative! or in e'en ent action!, one of forcib$e entr1 an anot"er for recover1 of rent! or a)a&e!, t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of I$oi$o "a! no 2(ri! iction to entertain eit"er one or bot"? It "a! no 2(ri! iction over t"e action of forcib$e entr1, for it i! wit"in t"e e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction of t"e 2(!tice of t"e 'eace; nor over t"at of recover1 of rent! or a)a&e!, beca(!e t"e a)o(nt c$ai)e b1 t"e '$aintiff in "i! co)'$aint, w"ic" eter)ine! t"e co(rt 2(ri! iction, i! $e!! t"an two "(n re 'e!o! 4P2005? Accor in& to t"e co)'$aint, t"e 'etitioner "a occ('ie t"e $ot in /(e!tion (rin& t"e )ont"! of October, ;ove)ber, 3ece)ber an ,an(ar1 w"en t"e co)'$aint wa! fi$e , an t"e tota$ a)o(nt of rent! or a)a&e! c$ai)e a! (e for t"at occ('ation at t"e rate of fift1 'e!o! 4P505 a )ont", )in(! t"e !() of twent1-five 'e!o! 4P255 w"ic" wa! 'ai on acco(nt of t"e rent for October, a&&re&ate on$1 one "(n re an !event1-five 'e!o! 4P1955? #"e fact t"at, in it! 2( &)ent, t"e $ower co(rt "a! awar e t"e '$aintiff t"e !() of P250, inc$( in& t"e rent for +ebr(ar1, an not t"e P25 'ai on acco(nt b1 t"e 'etitioner for t"e )ont" of October a! a$$e&e in t"e !a)e co)'$aint, i not confer ('on t"e co(rt 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e? If t"e co(rt "a! no 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter accor in& to t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint, it can not ac/(ire it 2(!t beca(!e t"e rent! c$ai)e an t"o!e t"at )a1 accr(e (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of t"e !(it )a1 a)o(nt to a !() wit"in it! 2(ri! iction? #o "o$ ot"erwi!e wo($ $ea to t"e ab!(r it1 t"at t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt e'en ! not ('on t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint, b(t ('on a contin&enc1 w"ic" )a1 or )a1 not ari!e or occ(r? A! t"e a)a&e! c$ai)e in t"e co)'$aint a)o(nte to one "(n re an !event1-five 'e!o! 4P1955, co($ t"e $ower co(rt "ave !entence t"e efen ant to 'a1 t"e a)o(nt c$ai)e "a t"e $atter )a e a confe!!ion of 2( &)entQ Disposition #"e re!'on ent 2( &eD! eci!ion in t"i! ca!e i! !et a!i e; wit" co!t! a&ain!t t"e re!'on ent E)i$iana #('a! % a? e Ata!? So or ere ? PARAS, J., )i##en in+? - #"e wi$$in&ne!! of t"e '$aintiff to $et t"e efen ant, "erein 'etitioner Man(e$ 7a&(ioro, retain 'o!!e!!ion of t"e $an ('on 'a1)ent of t"e rent 4w"ic", '$aintiff a$$e&e!, !"o($ be P505 i! '$ain$1 re'(&nant to t"e t"eor1 t"at t"e 'rinci'a$ '(r'o!e of t"e action i! e2ect)ent of t"e efen ant or, in t"e $an&(a&e of !ection 1 of R($e 92, *t"e re!tit(tion of 'o!!e!!ion?* I'on t"e ot"er "an , &ivin& !(c" rea!onab$e inten )ent! to t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint a! are con!i!tent wit" an i)'$ie b1 t"e re$ief !o(&"t, t"e action )a1 be one for t"e enforce)ent of a $ea!e contract G i)'$ie or ot"erwi!e G in w"ic" t"e co(rt i! a!Ae to fi6 t"e a)o(nt of t"e rent for want of corre!'on in& !ti'($ation? #"e c$ai) t"at t"e rent o(&"t to be P50, w"en con!i ere wit" t"e 'ra1er *for !(c" ot"er an f(rt"er re$ief a! t"i! :onorab$e Co(rt !"a$$ ee) 2(!t an e/(itab$e,* )ere$1 invoAe! t"e i!cretion an 2( &)ent of t"e co(rt re&ar in& t"e ri&"teo(!ne!! of !ai c$ai)? -="i$e t"e co)'$aint )a1 be treate ;a! one for !i)'$e e2ect)ent, in t"e $i&"t of !o)e of it! aver)ent!, t"e circ()!tance nevert"e$e!! oe! not 'revent it fro) bein& an action G it! eno)ination i))ateria$ G t"at )a1 be fi$e ori&ina$$1 in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance, in view of t"e ot"er a$$e&ation! an t"e 'ra1er? In t"e $atter !it(ation, )atter! containe in t"e '$ea in& w"ic" are not nece!!ar1 to, or are inco)'atib$e wit", t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance )a1 be con!i ere !(r'$(!a&e? #"e co)'$aint )i&"t "ave been awAwar $1 rafte , b(t (n$e!! t"e efen ant wa! act(a$$1 )i!$e to "i! !(r'ri!e or in2(r1, it !"o($ be "e$ !(fficient? 4LiBarra&a :er)ano! v!? Ca' #ico, 24 P"i$?, 504?5 It i! nee $e!! to !tate t"at t"e nat(re of an action i! eter)ine b1 it! a$$e&ation! an 'ra1er? A! $on& a! t"e co)'$aint )aAe! o(t a ca!e co&niBab$e b1 t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance, t"e $atterD! 2(ri! iction wi$$ not be a$tere or taAen awa1 !i)'$1 beca(!e t"e action cannot 'ro!'er? #"e 2( &)ent in t"i! ca!e wa! ren ere after t"e efen ant "a been ec$are in efa($t? :ILA3O, ,?, i!!entin&@ -Libera$$1 con!tr(e , a! it !"o($ be 4R($e 15, !ection 195, t"e '$aintiffD! co)'$aint i! !(!ce'tib$e of two con!tr(ction!@ a! a co)'$aint in e2ect)ent, an a! one ai)e at invoAin& t"e &enera$ 2(ri! iction of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance in action! for 'o!!e!!ion of rea$ 'ro'ert1, a! re&ar ! t"e '$aintiffD! $an (n er !ection 58, 'ara&ra'" 2, of Act ;o? 1.8? In c"oo!in& between t"e!e two con!tr(ction! in 2(!tice to t"e $earnin& an inte$$i&ence of co(n!e$ for t"e '$aintiff, it !ee)! to )e t"at t"e co(rt !"o($ "ave "a no iffic($t1 in conc$( in& t"at "e )eant an inten e to re!ort to t"e $atter 'roce (re, a! "e !"o($ be 're!()e to Anow !(c" an e$e)enta$ r($e a! t"at w"ic" confer! ('on t"e )(nici'a$ or 2(!tice of t"e 'eace co(rt e6c$(!ive ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction of forcib$e entr1 an (n$awf($ etainer ca!e! wit"in t"e fir!t 1ear fo$$owin& t"e accr(a$ of t"e ca(!e of action? -Even w"ere t"e efen ant e)'$o1!, e? &?, vio$ence in taAin& 'o!!e!!ion of t"e '$aintiffD! $an , t"e $aw oe! not co)'e$ t"e $atter to re!ort to t"e !())ar1 re)e 1 1 f(rni!"e b1 R($e 92, !ection 1, 2(!t a! it oe! not co)'e$ t"e '$aintiff to fi$e a cri)ina$ co)'$aint for an1 cri)ina$ offen!e w"ic" t"e efen ant )a1 "ave co))itte wit" t"e (!e of !(c" vio$ence? #"e $aw &rant! t"e '$aintiff of re)e ie!, a! we$$ a! a c"oice of co(rt!, !o $on& a! "e $a1! before t"e co(rt of "i! c"oice t"e fact! ca$$in& for a 'ro'er e6erci!e of it! 2(ri! iction? So t"at an (n i!'(te owner of $an w"o, a! !(c", i! b1 $aw entit$e to it! 'o!!e!!ion, an w"o i! e'rive t"ereof, e?? &?, b1 force, w"i$e entit$e to t"e !())ar1 re)e 1 affor e b1 R($e 92, !ection 1, w"ic" accor in& to !ai !ection "e )a1 re!ort to, i! neit"er co)'e$$e to brin& "i! ca!e t"ere(n er, a$$e&in& t"e c"aracteri!tic circ()!tance of vio$ence, $o &in& "i! action in t"e 'ro'er inferior co(rt, nor forbi en to !eeA re re!! fro) t"e 'ro'er Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance b1 brin&in& "i! ca!e (n er it! &enera$ 2(ri! iction *in a$$ civi$ action! w"ic" invo$ve ? ? ? t"e 'o!!e!!ion of rea$ 'ro'ert1 ? ? ?*, waivin& t"e effect! of t"e vio$ence co))itte b1 t"e efen ant a! we$$ a! t"e !())ar1 re)e 1 to w"ic" !(c" c"aracteri!tic circ()!tance )a1 entit$e , "a !i)'$1 a$$e&in&, a! "i! ca(!e of action, "i! owner!"i' of t"e $an , "i! ri&"t to it! 'o!!e!!ion an t"e fact t"at "e "a! been e'rive of !(c" 'o!!e!!ion b1 t"e efen ant, re&ar $e!! of t"e )anner e)'$o1e in !(c" e'rivation? #"e !a)e $aw w"ic" oe! not co)'e$ t"e owner to brin& a cri)ina$ action b1 rea!on of !(c" vio$ence oe! not co)'e$ "i) to brin& a forcib$e entr1 !(it b1 rea!on t"ereof? An it wo($ be to )1 )in !can a$o(! to affir) in a &overn)ent of $aw! t"at in !(c"

52 circ()!tance! t"e owner wi$$ be 'revente fro) brin&in& "i! ca!e (n er t"e &enera$ 2(ri! iction of t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of t"e 'rovince wit"o(t invoAin& t"e c"aracteri!tic circ()!tance of vio$ence? Of co(r!e, in an or inar1 action co))ence in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance, "e wi$$ not be entit$e to t"e !())ar1 'rocee in&!, !(c" a! t"e i))e iate e6ec(tion of t"e 2( &)ent, etc?, 'rovi e for in R($e 92? So $on& a! t"e '$aintiff oe! not re$1 on an1 of t"e !'ecific circ()!tance! c"aracteriBin& t"e action a! one of forcib$e entr1 or (n$awf($ etainer, it cannot be !ai to be wit"in t"e e6c$(!ive ori&ina$ 2(ri! iction of t"e )(nici'a$ or 2(!tice of t"e 'eace co(rt, even wit"in t"e fir!t 1ear fo$$owin& t"e accr(a$ of t"e ca(!e of action? a$$owe , wit" )ore rea!on !"o($ t"e Co(rt !anction t"e ti)e$1 !(b)i!!ion of !(c" certification t"o(&" t"e 'roof of t"e !i&nator10! a(t"orit1 wa! !(b)itte t"ereafter? Reasoning #"e co(rt "a! (!e t"e octrine of !tare eci!i! to en(nciate t"i! 'rinci'$e? #"e ff? ca!e! were cite a! a(t"orit1@ Shipside 4ncorporated v. CA# Ateneo 3e ?aga Bniversit! v. 2analo# and# Pascual F Santos 4nc v. +ramo 6a'as ?eigh orhood Association ? At t"e )eetin& of C7C0! 7oar of 3irector!, t"e 7oar , in a re!o$(tion, a''rove , confir)e an ratifie M!? <er)an0! a(t"orit1? #"o(&" t"e wor in& of t"e boar re!o$(tion $eave! )(c" to be e!ire , it re)ain! e/(a$$1 !(!ce'tib$e of inter'retation in favor of M!? <er)an0! 'ree6i!tin& !tat(! a! an a(t"oriBe !i&nator1? Disposition Petition i! <RA;#E3?

CHINA BANFIN/ CORP V MONDRA/ON INTERNATIONAL /.R. N!. =592>: PUNO< N!'eD6e" =2, 8BB4
NATURE Petition for certiorari FACTS - In 1--4, re!'on ent Mon ra&on Internationa$ P"i$i''ine!, Incor'orate 4MIPI5, entere into a Lea!e A&ree)ent wit" C$arA 3eve$o')ent Cor'oration 4C$arA5to eve$o' t"e 2.2-"ectare Mi)o!a Lei!(re E!tate? #"e1 a$!o entere into !(''$e)enta$ $ea!e a&ree)ent! to eve$o' ot"er a itiona$ area!? Part of t"e f(n ! (!e for t"e!e 'ro2ect! wa! &enerate fro) $oan! obtaine fro) 'etitioner C"ina 7anAin& Cor'oration 4C7C5? #o !ec(re t"e!e $oan!, MIPI e6ec(te 'ro)i!!or1 note! in favor of C7C? In a ition, re!'on ent Antonio I? <onBa$e! e6ec(te a S(ret1 A&ree)ent in favor of C7C in t"e a)o(nt of P100M? In 1--9, t"e A!ian financia$ cri!i! tran!'ire ? #"e en!(in& !"ocA to t"e P"i$i''ine econo)1 affecte MIPI0! abi$it1 to 'a1 it! ob$i&ation! to C7C? - In 2000, C7C fi$e a co)'$aint for a !() of )one1 wit" R#C MaAati Cit1 a&ain!t MIPI an Mr? <onBa$e!? #"e certification of for() !"o''in& wa! attac"e to t"e co)'$aint? It wa! to t"e effect t"at@ MERCE3ES E? <ERMA;, t"e Mana&er of Loan! N 3i!co(nt! 3e't of t"e C"ina 7anAin& Cor' certifie t"at t"e efen ant C"ina 7anA "a! not co))ence an1 ot"er action or 'rocee in& invo$vin& t"e !a)e i!!(e! in t"e SC, CA or before an1 ot"er trib(na$ or a&enc1, an t"at to t"e be!t of "er Anow$e &e, no !(c" action or 'rocee in& i! 'en in&, an t"at if a !i)i$ar action or 'rocee in& "a! been fi$e or i! 'en in& before SC, CA or an1 ot"er trib(na$ or a&enc1, !"e (n ertaAe! to re'ort t"at fact wit"in five 455 a1!? - In 2001, MIPI an <onBa$e! fi$e M#3 on t"e ff? &ro(n !@ V1W t"e co)'$aint fai$e to co)'$1 wit" t"e re/(ire)ent! !et fort" (n er SC A )ini!trative Circ($ar ;o? 04--4 an Section 5, R($e 9 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re a! re&ar ! certification! a&ain!t for() !"o''in&; an V2W t"ere wa! nonco)'$iance wit" a con ition 'rece ent for t"e fi$in& of t"e ca!e an Eor t"e !a)e fai$e to !tate a ca(!e of action or wa! 're)at(re - R#C enie M#3 an M+R of MIPI an <onBa$e!? CA &rante t"e 'etition for certiorari an rever!e R#C? CA r($e t"at C7C fai$e to co)'$1 wit" t"e re/(ire)ent! of Section 5, R($e 9 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re a! t"ere wa! not"in& in t"e recor ! !"owin& t"at t"e !i&nator1 of t"e certification a&ain!t for() !"o''in& wa! a(t"oriBe b1 C7C? It referre to t"e Cor'oration Co e an 2(ri!'r( ence w"ic" !tate t"at cor'oration! e6erci!e t"eir cor'orate 'ower! t"ro(&" t"eir boar of irector! an no 'er!on can bin t"e cor'oration wit"o(t a(t"orit1 fro) t"e $atter? CA enie C7C0! M+R? :ence, t"e 're!ent 'etition? ISSUE =O; C7C0! fai$(re to attac" t"e re/(i!ite boar re!o$(tion )aAin& M!? <er)an an a(t"oriBe !i&nator1 of certification! a&ain!t for() !"o''in& wa! a fata$ error an cannot be rectifie b1 !(b!e/(ent !(b)i!!ion t"ereof? HELD ;O Ratio #"e Co(rt "a! re$a6e , (n er 2(!tifiab$e circ()!tance!, t"e r($e re/(irin& t"e !(b)i!!ion of t"e!e certification! an "a! a''$ie t"e r($e of !(b!tantia$ co)'$iance (n er 2(!tifiab$e circ()!tance! wit" re!'ect to t"e content! of t"e certification? If t"e be$ate fi$in& of t"e certification a&ain!t for() !"o''in& for co)'e$$in& rea!on! in 'revio(! r($in&! i!

CRUZ-A/ANA V LA/MAN /.R. N!. =1>B=: CARPIO< Ap"i* ==, 8BB4

NATURE Petition for certiorari FACTS - On 1> Marc" 1--8, 'etitioner fi$e a Co)'$aint for ann($)ent of tit$e wit" 'ra1er for 're$i)inar1 )an ator1 in2(nction a&ain!t re!'on ent? Petitioner c$ai)! t"at a! t"e !o$e "eir of one #eo orico Cr(B, !"e i! t"e !o$e owner of a $ot covere b1 #ran!fer Certificate of #it$e ;o? #-.-09? Petitioner f(rt"er c$ai)! t"at t"e $ot wa! fra( ($ent$1 !o$ to E(&enio Lo'eB, ,r? w"o $ater on tran!ferre t"e $ot to re!'on ent? - Re!'on ent !ea!onab$1 fi$e it! An!wer wit" co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai)? Petitioner )ove to i!)i!! re!'on ent0! co(nterc$ai) for $acA of a certificate of non-for() !"o''in&? - In an Or er ate 11 Marc" 1---, t"e tria$ co(rt enie 'etitioner0! )otion to i!)i!! re!'on ent0! co(nterc$ai)? #"e tria$ co(rt rea!one t"at re!'on ent0! co(nterc$ai) i! co)'($!or1 an t"erefore e6c$( e fro) t"e covera&e of Section 5, R($e 9 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt? Petitioner )ove t"at t"e tria$ co(rt recon!i er it! Or er invoAin& t"e )an ator1 nat(re of a certificate of non-for() !"o''in& (n er S('re)e Co(rt A )ini!trative Circ($ar ;o? 04--4? On 25 Ma1 1---, t"e tria$ co(rt rever!e it! 11 Marc" 1--- Or er an i!)i!!e re!'on ent0! co(nterc$ai) for $acA of a certificate of non-for() !"o''in&? - Re!'on ent !ea!onab$1 fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration ar&(in& t"at A )ini!trative Circ($ar ;o? 04--4 oe! not a''$1 to co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai)! fo$$owin& t"e r($in& in Santo #o)a! Iniver!it1 :o!'ita$ v? S(r$a? On 4 ,(ne 1---, t"e tria$ co(rt a&ain rever!e it!e$f an reca$$e it! Or er i!)i!!in& re!'on ent0! co(nterc$ai)? #"e tria$ co(rt r($e t"at t"e fi$in& of a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) oe! not re/(ire a certificate of non-for() !"o''in&? ISSUE =O; a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) '$ea e in an An!wer can be i!)i!!e on t"e &ro(n of a fai$(re to acco)'an1 it wit" a certificate of non-for() !"o''in& HELD ;O - Santo #o)a! c$arifie t"e !co'e of A )ini!trative Circ($ar ;o? 04--4 wit" re!'ect to co(nterc$ai)!? #"e Co(rt 'ointe o(t t"at t"i! circ($ar i! inten e 'ri)ari$1 to cover Fan initiator1 '$ea in& or an inci'ient a''$ication of a 'art1 a!!ertin& a c$ai) for re$ief?L #"e i!tinction between a co)'($!or1 an a 'er)i!!ive co(nterc$ai) i! vita$ in t"e a''$ication of t"e circ($ar? #"e Co(rt e6'$aine @ It !"o($ not be too iffic($t, t"e fore&oin& rationa$e of t"e circ($ar a't$1 taAen, to !(!tain t"e view t"at t"e circ($ar in /(e!tion "a! not, in fact, been conte)'$ate to inc$( e a Ain of c$ai) w"ic", b1 it! ver1 nat(re a! bein& a(6i$iar1 to t"e 'rocee in&! in t"e !(it an a! erivin& it! !(b!tantive an 2(ri! ictiona$ !(''ort t"erefro), can on$1 be a''ro'riate$1 '$ea e in t"e an!wer an not re)ain o(t!tan in& for in e'en ent re!o$(tion e6ce't b1 t"e co(rt w"ere t"e )ain ca!e 'en !? Pre!cin in& fro) t"e fore&oin&, t"e 'rovi!o in t"e !econ 'ara&ra'" of Section 5, R($e > of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, i?e?, t"at t"e vio$ation of t"e anti-for() !"o''in& r($e F!"a$$ not be c(rab$e b1 )ere a)en )ent 666 b(t !"a$$ be ca(!e for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e ca!e wit"o(t 're2( ice,L bein& 're icate

5. on t"e a''$icabi$it1 of t"e nee for a certification a&ain!t for()!"o''in&, obvio(!$1 oe! not inc$( e a c$ai) w"ic" cannot be in e'en ent$1 !et ('? - #"e Co(rt reiterate t"i! r($in& in Ponciano v? ,( &e Parente$a, ,r? - A )ini!trative Circ($ar ;o? 04--4 oe! not a''$1 to co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai)!? #"e circ($ar a''$ie! to initiator1 an !i)i$ar '$ea in&!? A co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) !et (' in t"e an!wer i! not an Finitiator1L or !i)i$ar '$ea in&? #"e initiator1 '$ea in& i! t"e '$aintiff0! co)'$aint? A re!'on ent "a! no c"oice b(t to rai!e a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) t"e )o)ent t"e '$aintiff fi$e! t"e co)'$aint? Ot"erwi!e, re!'on ent waive! t"e co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai)? In !"ort, t"e co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) i! a reaction or re!'on!e, )an ator1 ('on 'ain of waiver, to an initiator1 '$ea in& w"ic" i! t"e co)'$aint? - Petitioner0! co(n!e$ fai$! or !i)'$1 ref(!e! to acce't t"e i!tinction between a 'er)i!!ive co(nterc$ai) an a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai)? #"i! i!tinction wa! t"e ba!i! for t"e r($in& in Santo #o)a! an Ponciano? #"e !o$e i!!(e for re!o$(tion in t"e 're!ent ca!e i! w"et"er re!'on ent0! co(nterc$ai) i! co)'($!or1 or 'er)i!!ive? If it i! a 'er)i!!ive co(nterc$ai), t"e $acA of a certificate of non-for() !"o''in& i! fata$? If it i! a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai), t"e $acA of a certificate of non-for() !"o''in& i! i))ateria$? - A co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) i! an1 c$ai) for )one1 or ot"er re$ief, w"ic" a efen in& 'art1 )a1 "ave a&ain!t an o''o!in& 'art1, w"ic" at t"e ti)e of !(it ari!e! o(t of, or i! nece!!ari$1 connecte wit", t"e !a)e tran!action or occ(rrence t"at i! t"e !(b2ect )atter of '$aintiff0! co)'$aint?V-W It i! co)'($!or1 in t"e !en!e t"at it i! wit"in t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt, oe! not re/(ire for it! a 2( ication t"e 're!ence of t"ir 'artie! over w"o) t"e co(rt cannot ac/(ire 2(ri! iction, an wi$$ be barre in t"e f(t(re if not !et (' in t"e an!wer to t"e co)'$aint in t"e !a)e ca!e? An1 ot"er co(nterc$ai) i! 'er)i!!ive? - Re!'on ent0! co(nterc$ai) a! !et (' in it! an!wer !tate!@ .? #"at beca(!e of t"e (nwarrante , ba!e$e!!, an (n2(!tifie act! of t"e '$aintiff, "erein efen ant "a! !(ffere an contin(e to !(ffer act(a$ a)a&e! in t"e !() of at $ea!t P400,000,000?00 w"ic" t"e $aw, e/(it1, an 2(!tice re/(ire t"at to be 'ai b1 t"e '$aintiff an f(rt"er to rei)b(r!e t"e attorne10! fee! of P2,000,000?00; - It i! c$ear t"at t"e co(nterc$ai) !et (' b1 re!'on ent ari!e! fro) t"e fi$in& of '$aintiff0! co)'$aint? #"e co(nterc$ai) i! !o intertwine wit" t"e )ain ca!e t"at it i! inca'ab$e of 'rocee in& in e'en ent$1? #"e co(nterc$ai) wi$$ re/(ire a re-$iti&ation of t"e !a)e evi ence if t"e co(nterc$ai) i! a$$owe to 'rocee in a !e'arate action? Even 'etitioner reco&niBe! t"at re!'on ent0! co(nterc$ai) i! co)'($!or1? A co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) oe! not re/(ire a certificate of non-for() !"o''in& beca(!e a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) i! not an initiator1 '$ea in&? Disposition #"e eci!ion 'etition i! enie ? Pro)i!!or1 ;ote or a$ternative$1, in t"eir 'er!ona$ ca'acitie! Fif it be !"own t"at t"e1 contracte t"e $oan f($$1 Anowin& t"at t"e 3efen ant Cor'oration wo($ be (nab$e to 'a1 t"e !a)e ('on )at(rit1, an Eor t"at t"e1 (!e t"e 'rocee ! of t"e $oan foe t"eir own 'er!ona$ benefitL -Re!'on ent +a2ar o an 3e$ M(n o fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e co)'$aint "a fai$e to !tate ca(!e of action a&ain!t t"e)? R#C enie )otion to i!)i!!? +a2ar o an 3e$ M(n o rai!e t"e ca!e to t"e SC b(t SC referre ca!e to CA? Re!'on ent! +a2ar o an 3e$ M(n o, ba!ica$$1 a$$e&e t"at 'etitioner 7anAD! co)'$aint i not !et fort" an1 ca(!e of action a! a&ain!t t"e) 'er!ona$$1, an t"at Section 1., R($e . of t"e R($e! of Co(rt on a$ternative efen ant! wa! not a''$icab$e to t"e ca!e at bar? CA &rante )otion of +a2ar o an 3e$ M(n o ISSUE =O; co)'$aint of Per'et(a$ Savin&! !tate a ca(!e of action a&ain!t re!'on ent! +a2ar o an 3e$ M(n o, a! i!tin&(i!"e fro) ,?,? Minin&, on w"o!e be"a$f t"e1 "a '(r'orte to act? HELD CES? Reasoning. In Rava 3eve$o')ent Cor'oration v? Co(rt of A''ea$!, t"e Co(rt e$aborate on t"i! e!tab$i!"e !tan ar in t"e fo$$owin& )anner@ D#"e r($e i! t"at a efen ant )ovin& to i!)i!! a co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n of $acA of ca(!e of action i! re&ar e a! "avin& "1'ot"etica$$1 a )itte a$$ t"e aver)ent! t"ereof? #"e te!t of t"e !(fficienc1 of t"e fact! fo(n in a 'etition a! con!tit(tin& a ca(!e of action i! w"et"er or not, a )ittin& t"e fact! a$$e&e , t"e co(rt can ren er a va$i ,( &)ent ('on t"e !a)e in accor ance wit" t"e 'ra1er t"ereof? - In it! 3eci!ion, CA !ai , a)on& ot"er t"e t"at 'etitioner 7anAD! co)'$aint i not !tate a ca(!e of action a&ain!t re!'on ent! +a2ar o an 3e$ M(n o in t"eir 'er!ona$ an in ivi (a$ ca'acitie! for t"e rea!on t"at? no evi ence "a been 're!ente to !(''ort !(c" a$$e&e $iabi$it1 on t"e *!o ca$$e a$ternative ca(!e of action?* -#"e SC "e$ t"at t"e CA wa! in rever!ib$e error? It wa! /(ite 're)at(re for t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! to con!i er evi ence 4or $acA of evi ence5 o(t!i e t"e co)'$aint !ince t"e tria$ "a not 1et !tarte ? #"e a$$e&ation! )a e b1 t"e banA co($ be 'roven on tria$?

WEE V /ALVEZ @#,p"%A FACTS

-t"i! i! re&ar ! t"e !i!ter!, one in IS an one in RP w"o i! taAin& care of t"e !on of t"e !i!ter in IS? A$$owance i!!(e!X ON MANNER OF MAFIN/ ALLE/ATIONS etitioner! !(b)it t"at t"e a)en e co)'$aint vio$ate! R($e >, Section 1.. of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, a! t"ere i! no '$ain an irect !tate)ent of t"e ($ti)ate fact! on w"ic" t"e '$aintiff re$ie! for "er c$ai)? S'ecifica$$1, 'etitioner! conten t"at t"e a$$e&ation in 'ara&ra'" --A of t"e a)en e co)'$aint t"at *Earne!t effort! towar ! "ave been )a e b(t t"e !a)e "ave fai$e * i! c$ear$1 in!(fficient? #"e !entence i! inco)'$ete, t"(! re/(ire! t"e rea er of t"e '$ea in& to en&a&e in e (ction! or inference! in or er to &et a co)'$ete !en!e of t"e ca(!e of action, accor in& to 'etitioner!? -Re!'on ent reb(t! b1 !tatin& t"at t"e a)en e co)'$aint a! we$$ a! t"e anne6e! attac"e to t"e '$ea in&! !"o($ be taAen in t"eir entiret1? #"(! taAen to&et"er, in t"eir entiret1, t"e a)en e co)'$aint an t"e attac")ent! to t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint, c$ear$1 !"ow t"at a !(fficient ca(!e of action a! it i! !"own an !tate t"at earne!t effort! towar ! a co)'ro)i!e "ave been )a e, accor in& to re!'on ent? -A 'ara&ra'" i! *a i!tinct !ection or !(b ivi!ion of a written or 'rinte co)'o!ition t"at con!i!t! of fro) one to )an1 !entence!, for)! a r"etorica$ (nit? A! a *!"ort co)'o!ition con!i!tin& of a &ro(' of !entence! ea$in& wit" a !in&$e to'ic,* a 'ara&ra'" )(!t nece!!ari$1 be con!tr(e in it! entiret1 in or er to 'ro'er$1 erive t"e )e!!a&e !o(&"t to be conve1e ? In t"e in!tant ca!e, 'ara&ra'" --A of t"e A)en e Co)'$aint ea$! wit" t"e to'ic of effort! )a e b1 t"e re!'on ent to reac" a co)'ro)i!e between t"e 'artie!? :ence, it i! in t"i! $i&"t t"at t"e efective $ea !entence )(!t be (n er!too or con!tr(e ? -:avin& e6a)ine t"e A)en e Co)'$aint in it! entiret1 a! we$$ a! t"e oc()ent! attac"e t"ereto, fo$$owin& t"e r($e t"at oc()ent!

Re D%nne" !& D%7in+ %**e+% i!n# PERPETUAL SAVIN/S V FAJARDO 881 SCRA 28B FELICIANO< J,ne8:,=>>1
FACTS? -,?,? Minin& an E6'$oration Cor'oration 4*,?,? Minin&*5 e6ec(te an e$ivere to 'etitioner Per'et(a$ Savin&! 4*7anA*5 a 'ro)i!or1 note in t"e a)o(nt of P950?000?00 'a1ab$e in one $()' !() ('on )at(rit1 wit" intere!t at 2.J 'er ann()? #"e note a$!o containe , inter a$ia, a c$a(!e 'rovi in& for 'ena$t1 intere!t at t"e rate of .J , nor )ont" on t"e a)o(nt (e, co)'o(n e )ont"$1? #"e 'ro)i!or1 note wa! e6ec(te for ,?,? Minin& b1 re!'on ent! ,o!e Oro 7? +a2ar o an E))an(e$ +? 3e$ Man e? Me!!r!? +a2ar o an 3e$ M(n o are !ai to be officer! of ,?,? Minin&? I'on )at(rit1 of t"e 'ro)i!!or1 note, neit"er ,?,? Minin& nor an1one e$!e 'ai t"e a)o(nt of t"e in ebte ne!!, notwit"!tan in& 'etitionerD! re'eate written e)an ! for 'a1)ent? -'etitioner 7anA fi$e a co)'$aint wit" t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt, MaAati, a&ain!t ,?,; Minin&, ,o!e E))an(e$ ,a$an oni an "erein re!'on ent! +a2ar o an 3e$ M(n o, for co$$ection of t"e a)o(nt! (e (n er t"e 'ro)i!!or1 note -3efen antD! +a2ar o an 3e$ M(n o were i)'$ea e a! a&ent!Eor re're!entative! of 3efen ant Cor'oration w"o were !i&natorie! in t"e

54 attac"e to a '$ea in& are con!i ere bot" a! evi ence an a! 'art of t"e '$ea in&, we fin t"at t"e re!'on ent "a! 'ro'er$1 !et o(t "er ca(!e of action? - On +ebr(ar1 15, 2001, 'etitioner! fi$e an o''o!ition to MetrobanA0! )otion to ec$are t"e) in efa($t, c$ai)in& t"at ('on recei't of t"e !())on!, t"e1 i))e iate$1 !o(&"t t"e !ervice! of Att1? P"i$i' Panto2an b(t it wa! on$1 on +ebr(ar1 12, 2001 t"at t"e1 were ab$e to )eet wit" Att1? Panto2an? Petitioner! a$$e&e t"at not bein& *$earne in $aw*, t"e1 were (naware *of t"e con!e/(ence! of e$a1 in t"e fi$in& of t"eir an!wer?* - On t"e !a)e ate, +ebr(ar1 15, 2001, 'etitioner! fi$e a )otion to a )it an!wer, a! we$$ a! t"e an!wer? In an or er ate +ebr(ar1 18, 2001, re!'on ent 2( &e i!re&ar e 'etitioner!0 o''o!ition to MetrobanA0! )otion for efa($t - On +ebr(ar1 1-, 2001, MetrobanA fi$e an o''o!ition to 'etitioner!0 )otion to a )it an!wer, ar&(in& t"at !ai )otion wa! ren ere )oot an aca e)ic b1 t"e +ebr(ar1 12, 2001 or er? MetrobanA a$!o c"i e 'etitioner! for vio$atin& t"e t"ree- a1 notice r($e (n er Sec? 4, R($e 15 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re? In an or er ate +ebr(ar1 20, 2001, t"e )otion to a )it an!wer wa! enie ? - On +ebr(ar1 29, 2001, 'etitioner! fi$e a )otion to $ift t"e or er of efa($t; MetrobanA o''o!e t"e )otion? - On Marc" 2, 2001, re!'on ent 2( &e i!!(e an or er "o$ in& in abe1ance t"e e%.parte rece'tion of evi ence 'en in& re!o$(tion of 'etitioner!0 )otion to $ift t"e or er of efa($t? - On Marc" 5, 2001, re!'on ent 2( &e i!!(e an or er en1in& 'etitioner!0 )otion to $ift t"e or er of efa($t an !ettin& t"e rece'tion of MetrobanA0! evi ence on Marc" 9, 2001, a! 'revio(!$1 !c"e ($e ? On t"at ate 4Marc" 9, 20015, MetrobanA 're!ente it! evi ence an t"e ca!e wa! !(b)itte for eci!ion? Petitioner! )ove for recon!i eration of t"e Marc" 5, 2001 or er b(t t"eir )otion wa! enie ? - Petitioner! fi$e a Petition for Certiorari wit" t"e CA a!cribin& &rave ab(!e of i!cretion co))itte b1 t"e tria$ co(rt a)o(ntin& to $acA of 2(ri! iction in i!!(in& t"e Or er!, ec$arin& t"e) in efa($t an en1in& t"eir O''o!ition to Metro'o$itan 7anA an #r(!t Co)'an10! 4MetrobanA5 Motion to 3ec$are t"e) in 3efa($t; an t"e Or er! en1in& t"eir Motion to Lift t"e Or er of 3efa($t an t"eir Motion for Recon!i eration? - CA enie t"e 'etition for $acA of )erit an accor in&$1 i!)i!!e t"e !a)e? #"e CA i not fin t"e e6c(!e 'roffere b1 'etitioner!? It a$!o r($e t"at for an or er of efa($t to be !et a!i e, 'etitioner! )(!t "ave a )eritorio(! efen!e or t"at !o)et"in& co($ be &aine b1 "avin& t"e or er of efa($t !et a!i e - #"e CA f(rt"er fo(n (n)eritorio(! t"e contention of 'etitioner! t"at t"e1 were ec$are in efa($t wit"o(t &ivin& t"e) a)'$e ti)e to fi$e an o''o!ition to MetrobanA0! Motion to 3ec$are t"e) in 3efa($t; t"at (n er Section ., R($e - of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, it i! 'rovi e t"at t"e co(rt !"a$$, ('on )otion of t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 wit" notice to t"e efen in& 'art1 in efa($t, an 'roof of !(c" fai$(re, ec$are t"e efen in& 'art1 in efa($t; an t"at !ince it i! c$ear fro) t"e recor ! t"at t"e re&$e)entar1 'erio for fi$in& an an!wer "a e6'ire wit" no re!'on!ive '$ea in& fi$e b1 'etitioner!, t"e tria$ co(rt "a 'ro'er$1 ec$are t"e) in efa($t? #"e CA f(rt"er ec$are t"at even a!!()in& t"at t"e tria$ co(rt co))itte a 'roce (ra$ $a'!e in ec$arin& 'etitioner! in efa($t before t"e !c"e ($e "earin& of MetrobanA0! )otion, !(c" error i! not !o !erio(! a! to con!tit(te &rave ab(!e of i!cretion? ISSUE? 1? =O; LI#IS PE;3E;#IA rai!e efen!e i! a )eritorio(! efen!e? b1 'etitioner! a! an affir)ative

Re E&&ec !& F%i*,"e ! P*e%) CEREZO V. TUAZON @#,p"%A

NATURE Petition for review on certiorari FACTS -7(! co$$i e wit" tric1c$e EFFECT OF FAILURE TO PLEAD ="en a 'art1 "a! anot"er re)e 1 avai$ab$e to "i), w"ic" )a1 eit"er be a )otion for new tria$ or a''ea$ fro) an a ver!e eci!ion of t"e tria$ co(rt, an "e wa! not 'revente b1 fra( , acci ent, )i!taAe or e6c(!ab$e ne&$i&ence fro) fi$in& !(c" )otion or taAin& !(c" a''ea$, "e cannot avai$ "i)!e$f of t"i! 'etition? In ee , re$ief wi$$ not be &rante to a 'art1 w"o !eeA! avoi ance fro) t"e effect! of t"e 2( &)ent w"en t"e $o!! of t"e re)e 1 at $aw wa! (e to "i! own ne&$i&ence; ot"erwi!e t"e 'etition for re$ief can be (!e to revive t"e ri&"t to a''ea$ w"ic" "a! been $o!t t"r( ine6c(!ab$e ne&$i&ence? Reasoning t"ere wa! no fra( , acci ent, )i!taAe, or e6c(!ab$e ne&$i&ence t"at 'revente Mr!? CereBo fro) fi$in& an a''ea$, a )otion for new tria$ or a 'etition for certiorari? It wa! error for "er to avai$ of a 'etition for re$ief fro) 2( &)ent?After t"e SC0! re!o$(tion en1in& Mr!? CereBo0! 'etition for re$ief beca)e fina$ an e6ec(tor1, Mr!? CereBo, in "er $a!t itc" atte)'t to eva e $iabi$it1, fi$e before t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! a 'etition for ann($)ent of t"e 2( &)ent of t"e tria$ co(rt? Ann($)ent i! avai$ab$e on$1 on t"e &ro(n ! of e6trin!ic fra( an $acA of 2(ri! iction? If ba!e on e6trin!ic fra( , a 'art1 )(!t fi$e t"e 'etition wit"in fo(r 1ear! fro) it! i!cover1, an if ba!e on $acA of 2(ri! iction, before $ac"e! or e!to''e$ bar! t"e 'etition? E6trin!ic fra( i! not a va$i &ro(n if !(c" fra( wa! (!e a! a &ro(n , or co($ "ave been (!e a! a &ro(n , in a )otion for new tria$ or 'etition for re$ief fro) 2( &)ent? Mr!? CereBo in!i!t! t"at $acA of 2(ri! iction, not e6trin!ic fra( , wa! "er &ro(n for fi$in& t"e 'etition for ann($)ent of 2( &)ent? :owever, a 'art1 )a1 avai$ of t"e re)e 1 of ann($)ent of 2( &)ent (n er R($e on$1 if t"e or inar1 re)e ie! of new tria$, a''ea$, 'etition for re$ief fro) 2( &)ent, or ot"er a''ro'riate re)e ie! are no $on&er avai$ab$e t"ro(&" no fa($t of t"e 'art1? Mr!? CereBo co($ "ave avai$e of a new tria$ or a''ea$ b(t t"ro(&" "er own fa($t !"e erroneo(!$1 avai$e of t"e re)e 1 of a 'etition for re$ief, w"ic" wa! enie wit" fina$it1? #"(!, Mr!? CereBo )a1 no $on&er avai$ of t"e re)e 1 of ann($)ent? Di#p!#i i!n PE#I#IO; 3E;IE3?

SPOUSES DELOS SANTOS VS RTC @HON. EMMANUEL C. CARPIOA /.R. NO. =415>5 AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ? Sep eD6e" ==, 8BB5
NATURE? Petition for review on certiorari (n er R($e 45 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt FACTS? - On ,an(ar1 ., 2001, Metro'o$itan 7anA an #r(!t Co)'an1 4or *MetrobanA*5 fi$e a co)'$aint for !() of )one1 a&ain!t !'o(!e! :()berto an Car)encita e$o! Santo! 4or *'etitioner!*5 before t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt of 3avao Cit1? - On ,an(ar1 22, 2001, 'etitioner! were !erve wit" t"e !())on!, to&et"er wit" a co'1 of t"e co)'$aint? A! 'etitioner! fai$e to fi$e an an!wer wit"in t"e re&$e)entar1 'erio , MetrobanA, on +ebr(ar1 >, 2001, fi$e a )otion to ec$are t"e) in efa($t? #"e )otion wa! !et for "earin& on +ebr(ar1 18, 2001? - Actin& on t"e )otion, t"e $ower co(rt, 're!i e over b1 :on? E))an(e$ C? Car'io 4or *re!'on ent 2( &e*5, i!!(e an or er ate +ebr(ar1 12, 2001 ec$arin& 'etitioner! in efa($t an !ettin& t"e e%. parte 're!entation of MetrobanAQ! evi ence on Marc" 9, 2001?

HELD? =. YES ReasoningSection ., R($e - of t"e R($e! of Co(rt 'rovi e!@ Sec? .? 3efault; declaration of If t"e efen in& 'art1 fai$! to an!wer wit"in t"e ti)e a$$owe t"erefor, t"e co(rt !"a$$, ('on )otion of t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 wit" notice to t"e efen in& 'art1, an 'roof of !(c" fai$(re, ec$are t"e efen in& 'art1 in efa($t? #"ere('on, t"e co(rt !"a$$ 'rocee to ren er 2( &)ent &rantin& t"e c$ai)ant !(c" re$ief a! "i! '$ea in& )a1 warrant, (n$e!! t"e co(rt in it! i!cretion re/(ire! t"e c$ai)ant to !(b)it evi ence? S(c" rece'tion of evi ence )a1 be e$e&ate to t"e c$erA of co(rt? - C$ear$1, t"ere are t"ree re/(ire)ent! w"ic" )(!t be co)'$ie wit" b1 t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 before t"e co(rt )a1 ec$are t"e efen in& 'art1 in efa($t, to wit@ 415 t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 )(!t fi$e a )otion a!Ain& t"e co(rt to ec$are t"e efen in& 'art1 in efa($t; 425 t"e efen in& 'art1 )(!t be notifie of t"e )otion to ec$are "i) in efa($t; 4.5 t"e c$ai)in&

55 'art1 )(!t 'rove t"at t"e efen in& 'art1 "a! fai$e to an!wer wit"in t"e 'erio 'rovi e b1 t"e R($e? - In fi$in& )otion!, Section 4, R($e 15 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, !'ecifica$$1 'rovi e!@ Sec? 4? Gearing of motion? E6ce't for )otion! w"ic" t"e co(rt )a1 act ('on wit"o(t 're2( icin& t"e ri&"t! of t"e a ver!e 'art1, ever1 written )otion !"a$$ be !et for "earin& b1 t"e a''$icant? - Prior to t"e 're!ent r($e on efa($t intro (ce b1 t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, a! a)en e , Section 1 of t"e for)er R($e 1> on efa($t i! !i$ent on w"et"er or not t"ere i! nee for a notice of a )otion to ec$are efen ant in efa($t? #"e Co(rt t"en r($e t"at t"ere i! no nee ? :owever, t"e 're!ent r($e e6're!!$1 re/(ire! t"at t"e )otion of t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 !"o($ be wit" notice to t"e efen in& 'art1? #"e '(r'o!e of a notice of a )otion i! to avoi !(r'ri!e! on t"e o''o!ite 'art1 an to &ive "i) ti)e to !t( 1 an )eet t"e ar&()ent!? #"e notice of a )otion i! re/(ire w"en t"e 'art1 "a! t"e ri&"t to re!i!t t"e re$ief !o(&"t b1 t"e )otion an 'rinci'$e! of nat(ra$ 2(!tice e)an t"at "i! ri&"t be not affecte wit"o(t an o''ort(nit1 to be "ear ? - #"erefore, a! t"e 're!ent r($e on efa($t re/(ire! t"e fi$in& of a )otion an notice of !(c" )otion to t"e efen in& 'art1, it i! not eno(&" t"at t"e efen ant fai$e to an!wer t"e co)'$aint wit"in t"e re&$e)entar1 'erio to be a !(fficient &ro(n for ec$aration in efa($t? Disposition. Petition for review i! /RANTED? #"e 3eci!ion of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$!i! REVERSED an SET ASIDE? #"e Or er of 3efa($t of t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt i! SET ASIDE an t"e An!wer fi$e b1 'etitioner! i! ee)e ADMITTED? #"e tria$ co(rt i! DIRECTED to contin(e wit" e$iberate !'ee wit" t"e 'rocee in&! in t"e ca!e be$ow? SPOUSES DELOS SANTOS VS RTC @HON. EMMANUEL C. CARPIOA /.R. NO. =415>5 AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ? Sep eD6e" ==, 8BB5 NATURE? Petition for review on certiorari (n er R($e 45 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt FACTS? - On ,an(ar1 ., 2001, Metro'o$itan 7anA an #r(!t Co)'an1 4or *MetrobanA*5 fi$e a co)'$aint for !() of )one1 a&ain!t !'o(!e! :()berto an Car)encita e$o! Santo! 4or *'etitioner!*5 before t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt of 3avao Cit1? - On ,an(ar1 22, 2001, 'etitioner! were !erve wit" t"e !())on!, to&et"er wit" a co'1 of t"e co)'$aint? A! 'etitioner! fai$e to fi$e an an!wer wit"in t"e re&$e)entar1 'erio , MetrobanA, on +ebr(ar1 >, 2001, fi$e a )otion to ec$are t"e) in efa($t? #"e )otion wa! !et for "earin& on +ebr(ar1 18, 2001? - Actin& on t"e )otion, t"e $ower co(rt, 're!i e over b1 :on? E))an(e$ C? Car'io 4or *re!'on ent 2( &e*5, i!!(e an or er ate +ebr(ar1 12, 2001 ec$arin& 'etitioner! in efa($t an !ettin& t"e e%. parte 're!entation of MetrobanAQ! evi ence on Marc" 9, 2001? - On +ebr(ar1 15, 2001, 'etitioner! fi$e an o''o!ition to MetrobanA0! )otion to ec$are t"e) in efa($t, c$ai)in& t"at ('on recei't of t"e !())on!, t"e1 i))e iate$1 !o(&"t t"e !ervice! of Att1? P"i$i' Panto2an b(t it wa! on$1 on +ebr(ar1 12, 2001 t"at t"e1 were ab$e to )eet wit" Att1? Panto2an? Petitioner! a$$e&e t"at not bein& *$earne in $aw*, t"e1 were (naware *of t"e con!e/(ence! of e$a1 in t"e fi$in& of t"eir an!wer?* - On t"e !a)e ate, +ebr(ar1 15, 2001, 'etitioner! fi$e a )otion to a )it an!wer, a! we$$ a! t"e an!wer? In an or er ate +ebr(ar1 18, 2001, re!'on ent 2( &e i!re&ar e 'etitioner!0 o''o!ition to MetrobanA0! )otion for efa($t - On +ebr(ar1 1-, 2001, MetrobanA fi$e an o''o!ition to 'etitioner!0 )otion to a )it an!wer, ar&(in& t"at !ai )otion wa! ren ere )oot an aca e)ic b1 t"e +ebr(ar1 12, 2001 or er? MetrobanA a$!o c"i e 'etitioner! for vio$atin& t"e t"ree- a1 notice r($e (n er Sec? 4, R($e 15 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re? In an or er ate +ebr(ar1 20, 2001, t"e )otion to a )it an!wer wa! enie ? - On +ebr(ar1 29, 2001, 'etitioner! fi$e a )otion to $ift t"e or er of efa($t; MetrobanA o''o!e t"e )otion? - On Marc" 2, 2001, re!'on ent 2( &e i!!(e an or er "o$ in& in abe1ance t"e e%.parte rece'tion of evi ence 'en in& re!o$(tion of 'etitioner!0 )otion to $ift t"e or er of efa($t? - On Marc" 5, 2001, re!'on ent 2( &e i!!(e an or er en1in& 'etitioner!0 )otion to $ift t"e or er of efa($t an !ettin& t"e rece'tion of MetrobanA0! evi ence on Marc" 9, 2001, a! 'revio(!$1 !c"e ($e ? On t"at ate 4Marc" 9, 20015, MetrobanA 're!ente it! evi ence an t"e ca!e wa! !(b)itte for eci!ion? Petitioner! )ove for recon!i eration of t"e Marc" 5, 2001 or er b(t t"eir )otion wa! enie ? - Petitioner! fi$e a Petition for Certiorari wit" t"e CA a!cribin& &rave ab(!e of i!cretion co))itte b1 t"e tria$ co(rt a)o(ntin& to $acA of 2(ri! iction in i!!(in& t"e Or er!, ec$arin& t"e) in efa($t an en1in& t"eir O''o!ition to Metro'o$itan 7anA an #r(!t Co)'an10! 4MetrobanA5 Motion to 3ec$are t"e) in 3efa($t; an t"e Or er! en1in& t"eir Motion to Lift t"e Or er of 3efa($t an t"eir Motion for Recon!i eration? - CA enie t"e 'etition for $acA of )erit an accor in&$1 i!)i!!e t"e !a)e? #"e CA i not fin t"e e6c(!e 'roffere b1 'etitioner!? It a$!o r($e t"at for an or er of efa($t to be !et a!i e, 'etitioner! )(!t "ave a )eritorio(! efen!e or t"at !o)et"in& co($ be &aine b1 "avin& t"e or er of efa($t !et a!i e - #"e CA f(rt"er fo(n (n)eritorio(! t"e contention of 'etitioner! t"at t"e1 were ec$are in efa($t wit"o(t &ivin& t"e) a)'$e ti)e to fi$e an o''o!ition to MetrobanA0! Motion to 3ec$are t"e) in 3efa($t; t"at (n er Section ., R($e - of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, it i! 'rovi e t"at t"e co(rt !"a$$, ('on )otion of t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 wit" notice to t"e efen in& 'art1 in efa($t, an 'roof of !(c" fai$(re, ec$are t"e efen in& 'art1 in efa($t; an t"at !ince it i! c$ear fro) t"e recor ! t"at t"e re&$e)entar1 'erio for fi$in& an an!wer "a e6'ire wit" no re!'on!ive '$ea in& fi$e b1 'etitioner!, t"e tria$ co(rt "a 'ro'er$1 ec$are t"e) in efa($t? #"e CA f(rt"er ec$are t"at even a!!()in& t"at t"e tria$ co(rt co))itte a 'roce (ra$ $a'!e in ec$arin& 'etitioner! in efa($t before t"e !c"e ($e "earin& of MetrobanA0! )otion, !(c" error i! not !o !erio(! a! to con!tit(te &rave ab(!e of i!cretion? ISSUE? 1? =O; LI#IS PE;3E;#IA rai!e efen!e i! a )eritorio(! efen!e? b1 'etitioner! a! an affir)ative

HELD? =. YES ReasoningSection ., R($e - of t"e R($e! of Co(rt 'rovi e!@ Sec? .? 3efault; declaration of If t"e efen in& 'art1 fai$! to an!wer wit"in t"e ti)e a$$owe t"erefor, t"e co(rt !"a$$, ('on )otion of t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 wit" notice to t"e efen in& 'art1, an 'roof of !(c" fai$(re, ec$are t"e efen in& 'art1 in efa($t? #"ere('on, t"e co(rt !"a$$ 'rocee to ren er 2( &)ent &rantin& t"e c$ai)ant !(c" re$ief a! "i! '$ea in& )a1 warrant, (n$e!! t"e co(rt in it! i!cretion re/(ire! t"e c$ai)ant to !(b)it evi ence? S(c" rece'tion of evi ence )a1 be e$e&ate to t"e c$erA of co(rt? - C$ear$1, t"ere are t"ree re/(ire)ent! w"ic" )(!t be co)'$ie wit" b1 t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 before t"e co(rt )a1 ec$are t"e efen in& 'art1 in efa($t, to wit@ 415 t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 )(!t fi$e a )otion a!Ain& t"e co(rt to ec$are t"e efen in& 'art1 in efa($t; 425 t"e efen in& 'art1 )(!t be notifie of t"e )otion to ec$are "i) in efa($t; 4.5 t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 )(!t 'rove t"at t"e efen in& 'art1 "a! fai$e to an!wer wit"in t"e 'erio 'rovi e b1 t"e R($e? - In fi$in& )otion!, Section 4, R($e 15 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, !'ecifica$$1 'rovi e!@ Sec? 4? Gearing of motion? E6ce't for )otion! w"ic" t"e co(rt )a1 act ('on wit"o(t 're2( icin& t"e ri&"t! of t"e a ver!e 'art1, ever1 written )otion !"a$$ be !et for "earin& b1 t"e a''$icant? - Prior to t"e 're!ent r($e on efa($t intro (ce b1 t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, a! a)en e , Section 1 of t"e for)er R($e 1> on efa($t i! !i$ent on w"et"er or not t"ere i! nee for a notice of a )otion to ec$are efen ant in efa($t? #"e Co(rt t"en r($e t"at t"ere i! no nee ? :owever, t"e 're!ent r($e e6're!!$1 re/(ire! t"at t"e )otion of t"e c$ai)in& 'art1 !"o($ be wit" notice to t"e efen in& 'art1? #"e '(r'o!e of a notice of a )otion i! to avoi !(r'ri!e! on t"e o''o!ite 'art1 an to &ive "i) ti)e to !t( 1 an )eet t"e ar&()ent!? #"e notice of a )otion i! re/(ire w"en t"e 'art1 "a! t"e ri&"t to re!i!t t"e re$ief !o(&"t b1 t"e )otion an 'rinci'$e! of nat(ra$ 2(!tice e)an t"at "i! ri&"t be not affecte wit"o(t an o''ort(nit1 to be "ear ? - #"erefore, a! t"e 're!ent r($e on efa($t re/(ire! t"e fi$in& of a )otion an notice of !(c" )otion to t"e efen in& 'art1, it i! not eno(&" t"at t"e efen ant fai$e to an!wer t"e co)'$aint wit"in t"e re&$e)entar1 'erio to be a !(fficient &ro(n for ec$aration in efa($t? Disposition. Petition for review i! /RANTED? #"e 3eci!ion of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$!i! REVERSED an SET ASIDE? #"e Or er of 3efa($t

58 of t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt i! SET ASIDE an t"e An!wer fi$e b1 'etitioner! i! ee)e ADMITTED? #"e tria$ co(rt i! DIRECTED to contin(e wit" e$iberate !'ee wit" t"e 'rocee in&! in t"e ca!e be$ow? :ence, 'etitioner wa! wit"in "er ri&"t! in fi$in& "er !o-ca$$e !econ )otion for recon!i eration, w"ic" wa! act(a$$1 a fir!t )otion a&ain!t t"e ref(!a$ to a )it t"e a)en e co)'$aint? A$!o, !ince a )otion to i!)i!! i! not a re!'on!ive '$ea in&, t"e '$aintiff-'etitioner wa! entit$e a! of ri&"t to a)en t"e ori&ina$ i!)i!!e co)'$aint? Pae!te v ,a(ri&(e@ FA)en )ent! to '$ea in&! are favore an !"o($ be $ibera$$1 a$$owe in t"e f(rt"erance of 2(!tice? 4#orre! v!? #o)acr(B, 4- P"i$? -1.5? Moreover, (n er !ection 1 of R($e 19, R($e! of Co(rt, a 'art1 )a1 a)en "i! '$ea in& once a! a )atter of co(r!e, t"at i!, wit"o(t $eave of co(rt, at an1 ti)e before a re!'on!ive '$ea in& i! !erve ? A )otion to i!)i!! i! not a *re!'on!ive '$ea in&*? 4Moran on t"e R($e! of Co(rt, vo$? 1, 1-52, e ?, '? .985? A! '$aintiff! a)en e t"eir co)'$aint before it wa! an!were , t"e )otion to a )it t"e a)en )ent !"o($ not "ave been enie ?L Disposition #"e or er i!)i!!in& t"e co)'$aint i! !et a!i e, an t"e ca!e i! or ere re)an e to t"e co(rt of ori&in for f(rt"er 'rocee in&! not at variance wit" t"i! eci!ion?

STRIFIN/ OUT PLEADIN/S DAUDEN-HERNAEZ V AN/ELES, HOLLYWOOD FAR EAST PRODUCTIONS, INC., %n) VALENZUELA 82 SCRA =825 REYES, J.B.L.< Ap"i* 1B, =>5>
NATURE Petition for a writ of certiorari to !et a!i e certain or er! of t"e C+I i!)i!!in& a co)'$aint for breac" of contract an a)a&e!, en1in& recon!i eration, ref(!in& to a )it an a)en e co)'$aint, an ec$arin& t"e i!)i!!a$ fina$ an (na''ea$ab$e? FACTS - Petitioner, actre!! 3a( en-:ernaeB, fi$e! a co)'$aint to recover P14,900 4t"e ba$ance a$$e&e $1 (e to "er for "er !ervice! a! $ea in& actre!!5, '$(! a)a&e!, a&ain!t 'rivate re!'on ent! :o$$1woo +ar Ea!t Pro (ction! 4:+EP5 an it! Pre!i ent %a$enB(e$a - I'on )otion of efen ant!, re!'on ent co(rt i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint beca(!e Fc$ai) of '$aintiff wa! not evi ence b1 an1 written oc()ent, eit"er '(b$ic or 'rivateL, an t"e co)'$aint wa! F3efective on it! faceL for vio$atin& CC A 1.58 an 1.5> 11, a! we$$ a! for containin& efective a$$e&e, 'etition!? - P$aintiff !o(&"t recon!i eration of t"e i!)i!!a$, an for a )i!!ion of an a)en e co)'$aint, attac"e to t"e )otion - co(rt enie t"e recon!i eration an t"e $eave to a)en ? - a !econ recon!i eration wa! fi$e - co(rt enie it a! it! a$$e&ation! were )ore or $e!! t"e !a)e a! t"e fir!t )otion, an not acco)'anie b1 an affi avit of )erit!? #"e co(rt f(rt"er ec$are t"e i!)i!!a$ fina$ an (na''ea$ab$e? - "ence t"i! 'etition - t"e re!'on ent co(rt0! efen!e@ #"e 'ro'o!e a)en )ent !(ffer! fro) t"e !a)e vita$ efect of t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint, w"ic" i! vio$ation of A 1.58 beca(!e t"e contract !(e ('on wa! not a$$e&e to be in writin&, an A 1.5> in beca(!e t"e writin& wa! ab!o$(te an in i!'en!ab$e beca(!e t"e a)o(nt e6cee ! P500; an t"at t"e !econ )otion for recon!i eration i not interr('t t"e 'erio for a''ea$ beca(!e it wa! not !erve on . a1!0 notice? ISSUES 1? =O; t"e '$aintiff-'etitioner wa! entit$e ori&ina$ i!)i!!e co)'$aint 2? =O; 666

PHILIPPINE EOPORT '#. PHILIPPINE INFRASTRUCTURES, INC. <?R? ;o? 120.>4 AIS#RIA-MAR#I;ES; ,an(ar1 1., 2004
NATURE? Petition for review on certiorari 4R($e 455 FACTS? Petitioner fi$e a co)'$aint for co$$ection of !() of )one1 a&ain!t re!'on ent! P"i$i''ine Infra!tr(ct(re!, Inc? 4PII5, P"i$i''ine 7riti!" A!!(rance Co?, Inc? 4P7AC5, #"e So$i <(arant1, Inc? 4So$i 5, 7?+? :o)e!, Inc? 47+ :o)e!5, Pi$ar 3eve$o')ent Cor'oration 4P3C5 an #o)a! 7? A&(irre 4A&(irre5? #"e co)'$aint a$$e&e , a)on& ot"er!, t"at@ 4i5 'etitioner i!!(e 5 Letter! of <(arantee in favor of t"e P"i$i''ine ;ationa$ 7anA 4P;75 a! !ec(rit1 for cre it acco))o ation! e6ten e b1 P;7 to PII; 4ii5 PII, 7+ :o)e!, P3C an A&(irre e6ec(te a 3ee of In ertaAin& bin in& t"e)!e$ve!, 2oint$1 an !evera$$1, to 'a1 or rei)b(r!e 'etitioner ('on e)an !(c" a)o(nt of )one1 or to re'air t"e a)a&e!, $o!!e! or 'ena$tie! w"ic" 'etitioner )a1 'a1 or !(ffer on acco(nt of it! &(arantee!; 4iii5 on A'ri$ 24, 1->5, P;7 ca$$e on t"e &(arantee! of 'etitioner; 4iv5 t"ereafter, 'etitioner e)an e fro) PII t"e i))e iate !ett$e)ent of P20,-5-,52-?.8, re're!entin& t"e a&&re&ate a)o(nt of t"e &(arantee! of 'etitioner ca$$e b1 P;7 an t"e f(rt"er !() of P.51,519?59 re're!entin& vario(! fee! an c"ar&e!; 4v5 PII ref(!e to !ett$e !ai ob$i&ation!; 4vi5 re!'on ent! So$i an P7AC a$!o ref(!e to 'a1 'etitioner e!'ite e)an ? Re!'on ent 7+ :o)e! fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n t"at it i! (n er&oin& re"abi$itation receiver!"i' in t"e SEC an '(r!(ant to P?3? -02-A, t"e tria$ co(rt "a! no 2(ri! iction to tr1 t"e ca!e? Re!'on ent PII a$!o fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e co)'$aint !tate! no ca(!e of action? #"e ot"er re!'on ent! fi$e t"eir re!'ective re!'on!ive '$ea in&!? #"e tria$ co(rt, t"ro(&" ,( &e Roberto M? La&)an, i!!(e an Or er !(!'en in& t"e ca!e on$1 a! a&ain!t re!'on ent 7+ :o)e! an en1in& re!'on ent PIID! )otion to i!)i!!? #"ereafter, "earin& on t"e )erit! en!(e ? 3(rin& tria$, 'etitioner 're!ente Ro!a(ro #er)($o, it! trea!(r1 e'art)ent )ana&er, w"o te!tifie t"at t"e a)o(nt of P1-,0.5,258?59 wa! 'ai b1 'etitioner to t"e P;7 t"ro(&" t"e acco(nt of t"e ;ationa$ #rea!(r1 to cover t"e 'rinci'a$ $oan an intere!t! inc(rre b1 PII? Con!e/(ent$1, 'etitioner fi$e a Motion to A)en Co)'$aint to Confor) to Evi ence '(r!(ant to Section 5, R($e 10 of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt, !eeAin& to a)en t"e 'ertinent 'ortion! of t"e co)'$aint in!ofar a! it refer! to t"e fact of 'a1)ent an t"e a)o(nt 'ai b1 'etitioner to P;7? Actin& on t"e )otion to a)en , t"e tria$ co(rt, at t"at ti)e 're!i e b1 ,( &e ,o!e$ito ,? 3e$a Ro!a, i!!(e t"e a!!ai$e Or er, i!)i!!in& t"e ca!e wit"o(t 're2( ice on t"e &ro(n of fai$(re of t"e co)'$aint to !tate a ca(!e of action, t"(! in effect, rever!in& t"e Or er i!!(e b1 ,( &e La&)an five 1ear! ear$ier? PetitionerD! )otion for recon!i eration of t"e or er of i!)i!!a$ wa! enie b1 ,( &e e $a Ro!a? S(b!e/(ent$1, 'etitioner fi$e wit" t"e S('re)e Co(rt a 'etition for certiorari a&ain!t t"e tria$ co(rt? #"e SC i!!(e referre t"e ca!e to t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! for i!'o!ition? #"e Co(rt of A''ea$! i!)i!!e t"e 'etition an enie 'etitioner0! )otion for recon!i eration? :ence, t"i! 'etition?

a! of ri&"t to a)en

t"e

HELD 1?CES Reasoning #w"en a co(rt !(!tain! a e)(rrer or )otion to i!)i!!, t"e co(rt )(!t &ive t"e 'art1 '$aintiff an o''ort(nit1 to a)en "i! co)'$aint if "e !o c"oo!e!? #"e fir!t or er of i!)i!!a$ i not 'rovi e t"at t"e !a)e wa! wit"o(t 're2( ice to a)en )ent of t"e co)'$aint, or re!erve to t"e '$aintiff t"e ri&"t to a)en "i! co)'$aint, !o t"e or er wa! erroneo(!?
11 Artic$e 1.58? Contract! !"a$$ be ob$i&ator1, in w"atever for) t"e1 )a1 "ave been entere into, 'rovi e a$$ t"e e!!entia$ re/(i!ite! for t"eir va$i it1 are 're!ent? :owever, w"en t"e $aw re/(ire! t"at a contract be in !o)e for) in or er t"at it )a1 be va$i or enforceab$e, or t"at a contract be 'rove in a certain wa1, t"at re/(ire)ent i! ab!o$(te an in i!'en!ab$e? In !(c" ca!e!, t"e ri&"t of t"e 'artie! !tate in t"e fo$$owin& artic$e cannot be e6erci!e ?

Artic$e 1.5>? #"e fo$$owin& )(!t a''ear in a '(b$ic oc()ent@ 415 Act! an contract! w"ic" "ave for t"eir ob2ect t"e creation, tran!)i!!ion, )o ification or e6tin&(i!")ent of rea$ ri&"t! over i))ovab$e 'ro'ert1; !a$e! of rea$ 'ro'ert1 or of an intere!t t"erein are &overne b1 artic$e! 140., ;o? 2, an 1405; 425 #"e ce!!ion, re'( iation or ren(nciation of "ere itar1 ri&"t! or of t"o!e of t"e con2(&a$ 'artner!"i' of &ain!; 4.5 #"e 'ower to a )ini!ter 'ro'ert1, or an1 ot"er 'ower w"ic" "a! for it! ob2ect an act a''earin& or w"ic" !"o($ a''ear in a '(b$ic oc()ent, or !"o($ 're2( ice a t"ir 'er!on; 445 #"e ce!!ion of action! or ri&"t! 'rocee in& fro) an act a''earin& in a '(b$ic oc()ent?

A$$ ot"er contract! w"ere t"e a)o(nt invo$ve e6cee ! five "(n re 'e!o! )(!t a''ear in writin&, even a 'rivate one? 7(t !a$e! of &oo !, c"atte$! or t"in&! in action are &overne b1 artic$e!, 140., ;o? 2 an 1405? 412>0a5

59 ISSUES? 415 =O; an or er i!)i!!in& a 'etition wit"o(t 're2( ice !"o($ be a''ea$e b1 wa1 of or inar1 a''ea$; 425 =O; t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! erre in affir)in& t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at 'etitioner fai$e to !tate a ca(!e of action for not a$$e&in& $o!! or act(a$ 'a1)ent )a e b1 it to P;7 (n er it! &(arantee!; 4.5 =O; t"e co)'$aint !tate a ca(!e of action? HELD? 415 ;O 4(n er t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re5? Prior to t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, an or er i!)i!!in& an action )a1 be a''ea$e b1 or inar1 a''ea$? :owever, (n er Section 14"5, R($e 41 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, no a''ea$ )a1 be taAen fro) an or er i!)i!!in& an action wit"o(t 're2( ice? It )a1 be !(b2ect of a !'ecia$ civi$ action for certiorari (n er R($e 85 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re? Con!i erin& t"at t"e a!!ai$e eci!ion of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! wa! 'ro)($&ate in 1--4, re!'on ent a''e$$ate co(rt co($ not "ave co))itte an1 &rave ab(!e of i!cretion in i!)i!!in& CA<?R? SP ;o? .14>.? Ne'e" -e*e##, in -e -i+-e" in e"e# !& #,6# %n i%* .,# ice %n) p,"#,%n ! -e -!"n6!!7 )!c "ine -% p"!ce),"%* *%K# D%( 6e %pp*ie) "e "!%c i'e*(, =5 -e C!," +i'e# ),e c!,"#e ! -e p"e#en pe i i!n? 425 CES? It !"o($ be !tre!!e t"at t"e a)en )ent of t"e co)'$aint wa! !o(&"t after 'etitioner "a a$rea 1 're!ente evi ence, )ore !'ecifica$$1, t"e te!ti)on1 of 'etitionerD! #rea!(r1 3e'art)ent Mana&er an a ebit )e)o fro) t"e P;7 'rovin& t"at 'etitioner "a 'ai t"e P;7 in t"e a)o(nt of P1-,0.5,258?59 '(r!(ant to t"e &(arantee! it accor e to re!'on ent PII? #"e recor !"ow! t"at re!'on ent! i not rai!e an1 ob2ection w"en it 're!ente evi ence to 'rove 'a1)ent to P;7? :ence, a! 'rovi e for in Section 5, R($e 10 of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt, w"en i!!(e! not rai!e b1 t"e '$ea in&! are trie b1 e6're!! or i)'$ie con!ent of t"e 'artie!, t"e1 !"a$$ be treate in a$$ re!'ect!, a! if t"e1 "a been rai!e in t"e '$ea in&!? A !cr(tin1 of t"e '$ea in&! fi$e b1 re!'on ent! revea$ t"at none of t"e) enie 'etitionerD! c$ai) t"at !ai evi ence wa! 're!ente before t"e tria$ co(rt wit"o(t ob2ection! "avin& been rai!e b1 re!'on ent!? ;one of t"e) c$ai)e t"at t"e1 rai!e an1 ob2ection! at t"e ti)e w"en 'etitioner 're!ente it! evi ence to 'rove it! 'a1)ent to P;7? Re!'on ent! Pi$ar an A&(irre a )itte t"e 're!entation of t"e !ai evi ence? Re!'on ent! conten t"at !ince t"e1 "a a$rea 1 a$$e&e t"e fai$(re of t"e co)'$aint to !tate a ca(!e of action a! an affir)ative efen!e in t"eir an!wer, t"ere wa! no f(rt"er nee for t"e) to rai!e an ob2ection at t"e ti)e t"e evi ence wa! intro (ce ? #"i! i! not '$a(!ib$e? It i! !ett$e t"at even if the co$plaint &e defective( &ut the parties go to trial thereon( and the plaintiff( without o&jection( introduces sufficient evidence to constitute the particular cause of action which it intended to allege in the original co$plaint( and the defendant voluntaril% produces witnesses to $eet the cause of action thus esta&lished( an issue is joined as full% and as effectivel% as if it had &een previousl% joined b1 t"e )o!t 'erfect '$ea in&!? LiAewi!e, w"en i!!(e! not rai!e b1 t"e '$ea in&! are trie b1 e6're!! or i)'$ie con!ent of t"e 'artie!, t"e1 !"a$$ be treate in a$$ re!'ect! a! if t"e1 "a been rai!e in t"e '$ea in&!? Re!'on ent!D fai$(re to ob2ect to t"e evi ence at t"e ti)e it i! 're!ente in co(rt i! fata$ to t"eir ca(!e ina!)(c" a! w"atever 'erceive efect t"e co)'$aint "a wa! c(re b1 t"e intro (ction of 'etitionerD! evi ence 'rovin& act(a$ $o!! !(!taine b1 'etitioner (e to 'a1)ent )a e b1 it to P;7? 4.5 CES? PetitionerD! ca(!e of action a&ain!t re!'on ent! !te))e fro) t"e ob$i&ation of re!'on ent! (n er t"eir 3ee of In ertaAin&, a co'1 of w"ic" wa! attac"e to t"e co)'$aint? In t"e 're!ent 'etition, 'etitioner "a beco)e $iab$e to 'a1 t"e a)o(nt! covere b1 !ai &(arantee! w"en, a! t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint a$$e&e!, t"e P;7 ca$$e ('on !ai &(arantee!? Re!'on ent!D ob$i&ation (n er t"e 3ee of In ertaAin& to Aee' 'etitioner free an "ar)$e!! fro) an1 a)a&e or $iabi$it1 t"en beca)e o'erative a! !oon a! t"e $iabi$it1 of 'etitioner aro!e an t"ere wa! no nee for 'etitioner to fir!t !(!tain act(a$ $o!! before it co($ "ave a ca(!e of action a&ain!t re!'on ent!? #"e )ere inc$(!ion in 'etitionerD! ori&ina$ co)'$aint of t"e a$$e&ation t"at t"e P;7 "a a$rea 1 ca$$e on t"e &(arantee! of 'etitioner i! !(fficient to con!tit(te a ca(!e of action a&ain!t re!'on ent!? C$ear$1 t"erefore, t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint, b1 it!e$f, !tate a va$i ca(!e of action? DISPOSITIVE@ #"e 'etition i! <RA;#E3? Let t"e ori&ina$ recor ! of Civi$ Ca!e ;o? >8-.>18- be REMA;3E3 to t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt 47ranc" 2-5, Mani$a, for contin(ation of t"e tria$ on t"e )erit!?

SURI/AO MININ/ V HARRIS 5: PHIL ==1 LAUREL< M%( =2, =>1>

NATURE A''ea$ fro) t"e or er of t"e C+I of S(ri&ao i!)i!!in& t"e co)'$aint fi$e b1 S(ri&ao Minin& a&ain!t :arri!, et a$? FACTS - On October 24, 1-.5, S(ri&ao Minin& fi$e a co)'$aint c$ai)in& t"at it i! t"e owner b1 '(rc"a!e of 14 '$acer c$ai)! an t"at $o e c$ai)! were !taAe b1 t"e efen ant! :arri!, S(ri&ao-Mainit Minin& S1n icate? S(ri&ao Con!o$i ate Minin& Co?, Inc?, an Otto =eber on '$aintiffD! '$acer c$ai)! after t"e $atter "a been va$i $1 an ($1 !taAe an $ocate b1 t"e '$aintiff or it! &rantor! an 're ece!!or! in intere!t? - On ;ove)ber 2., 1-.5, t"e efen ant! e)(rre to t"e co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e co)'$aint wa! a)bi&(o(! an (ninte$$i&ib$e? On ,an(ar1 -, 1-.8 t"e C+I entere an or er re/(irin& S(ri&ao Minin& to a)en it! co)'$aint !o a! to contain a etai$e e!cri'tion of it! '$acer c$ai)!? - On ,an(ar1 1., 1-.8 an a)en e co)'$aint wa! fi$e to w"ic" anot"er e)(rrer wa! inter'o!e b(t wa! overr($e ? On ,(ne 11, 1-.8, a t"ir a)en e co)'$aint in w"ic" t"irt1-two ot"er in ivi (a$! were inc$( e a! 'artie!- efen ant? In t"i! t"ir a)en e co)'$aint t"e '$acer c$ai)! were re (ce , to e$even, an t"e re$ief 'ra1e for wa! abo(t t"e !a)e a! t"at a!Ae in t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint, a$t"o(&" t"e a)o(nt !o(&"t a! a)a&e! wa! increa!e to P4-,000? - E6"ibit! O an O-1 to 0-- were 're!ente ? =it" t"e e6ce'tion of E6"ibit O-9, a$$ are ee ! of !a$e in favor of S(ri&ao Minin& coverin& t"e '$acer c$ai)! an bear ate! 'o!terior to 4A+#ER5 October 24, 1-.5, t"e ate of t"e fi$in& of t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint? E6"ibit O-9 i! a ee of !a$e e6ec(te b1 Pab$o Ati$$o in favor of Ma6i)o 7orro)eo on ,an(ar1 2., 1-.5? #"e )inin& c$ai)! conve1e b1 Ma6i)o 7orro)eo, to S(ri&ao Minin& (n er E6"ibit O-- were t"e !a)e c$ai)! ac/(ire b1 Ma6i)o 7orro)eo, (n er E6"ibit O-9? - 7efore S(ri&ao Minin& co($ c$o!e it! evi ence, t"e efen ant! )ove for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at, w"en t"e action wa! co))ence , '$aintiffD! ri&"t of action "a not 1et accr(e , !ince t"e '$aintiff i not beco)e t"e owner of t"e c$ai)! (nti$ after t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint wa! fi$e on October 24, 1-.5? #"e C+I &rante t"e M#3? ISSUE 1? =O; t"e $ower co(rt erre in i!)i!!in& t"e co)'$aint HELD 1? ;O? Ratio In$e!! t"e '$aintiff "a! a va$i an !(b!i!tin& ca(!e of action at t"e ti)e "i! action i! co))ence , t"e efect cannot be c(re or re)e ie b1 t"e ac/(i!ition or accr(a$ of one w"i$e t"e action i! 'en in&, an a !(''$e)enta$ co)'$aint or an a)en )ent !ettin& (' !(c" $ater accr(e ca(!e of action i! not 'er)i!!ib$e? Reasoning S(b2ect to certain /(a$ification! an e6ce't a! ot"erwi!e 'rovi e b1 $aw, an action co))ence before t"e ca(!e of action "a! accr(e i! 're)at(re$1 bro(&"t an !"o($ be i!)i!!e , 'rovi e , an ob2ection on t"i! &ro(n i! 'ro'er$1 an !ea!onab$1 inter'o!e ? #"e fact t"at t"e ca(!e of action accr(e! after t"e action i! co))ence an w"i$e it i! 'en in& i! of no )o)ent? - In t"i! ca!e, ti)e$1 ob2ection wa! )a e b1 co(n!e$ for t"e a''e$$ee! ('on i!cover1 of t"e i))at(rit1 of t"e action? #"e ate w"en a civi$ action i! ee)e co))ence i! eter)ine b1 !ection .>- of t"e Co e of Civi$ Proce (re? In er !ection .>-, w"ic" wa! taAen fro) !ection 405 of t"e Co e of Civi$ Proce (re of Ca$ifornia, t"e action i! ee)e co))ence ('on t"e *fi$in& of a co)'$aint in t"e office of t"e c$erA of t"e co(rt in w"ic" t"e action i! to be in!tit(te ?* #"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint wa! fi$e on October 24, 1-.5?

5> - #"e ri&"t to a)en a '$ea in& i! not an ab!o$(te an (ncon itiona$ ri&"t? It i! to be a$$owe in f(rt"erance of 2(!tice (n er a !o(n 2( icia$ i!cretion? #"i! 2( icia$ i!cretion, ('on t"e ot"er "an , i! of co(r!e not wit"o(t an1 re!triction? #"e ca(!e of action )(!t e6i!t at t"e ti)e t"e action wa! be&(n, an t"e '$aintiff wi$$ not be a$$owe b1 an a)en )ent to intro (ce a ca(!e of action w"ic" "a no e6i!tence w"en t"e action wa! co))ence ? A! !oon a! an action i! bro(&"t an t"e co)'$aint i! fi$e , t"e 'rocee in&! t"(! initiate are not !(b2ect to t"e arbitrar1 contro$ of t"e 'artie! or of t"e co(rt, b(t )(!t be ea$t wit" in accor ance wit" reco&niBe r($e! of '$ea in& an 'ractice? A)en )ent! )(!t be !(c", an on$1 !(c", a! are nece!!ar1 to 'ro)ote t"e co)'$etion of t"e action be&(n? - It i! tr(e, t"at an a)en e co)'$aint an t"e an!wer t"ereto taAe t"e '$ace of t"e ori&ina$! w"ic" are t"ereb1 re&ar e a! aban one ? #"at, "owever, w"ic" i! no ca(!e of action w"at!oever cannot b1 a)en )ent or !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& be converte into a ca(!e of action@ ;i"i$ o re accre!cit ei /(i ni"i$ in re /(an o 2(a accre!ceret "abet? Disposition Or er a''ea$e fro) i! A++IRME3? re!'on!ive '$ea in& a! conte)'$ate b1 t"e R($e? #"(! re!'on ent, a! a '$aintiff, )a1 fi$e an a)en e co)'$aint even after t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint wa! or ere i!)i!!e , 'rovi e t"at t"e or er of i!)i!!a$ i! not 1et fina$, a! in t"i! ca!e? - A! to 'etitioner!0 contention t"at MMCI i! barre fro) ac/(irin& t"e !(b2ect $ot, !(ffice it to !a1 t"at t"i! i! a )atter of efen!e w"ic" can on$1 be 'ro'er$1 eter)ine (rin& t"e f($$-b$own tria$ of t"e in!tant ca!e? Dispositive Petition 3E;IE3? CA eci!ion affir)e in toto?

/CP-MANNY TRANSPORT SERVICES INC. V. PRINCIPE /R N!. =9=9:9 AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ< N!' ==, 8BB4
NATURE Petition for review on certiorari FACTS - #"i! 'etition i! fi$e b1 <CP, !eeAin& rever!a$ of CA eci!ion? - #"e ca!e !tarte w"en Reco$iBa o fi$e co)'$aint for a)a&e! for '"1!ica$ in2(rie! !(!taine b1 "i) a! 'a!!en&er of <CP0! b(!? R#C ren ere eci!ion in favor of Reco$iBa o? - Co'1 of eci!ion !ent to 'etitioner wa! ret(rne beca(!e it "a F)ove L 4re!i ence5, w"i$e co'1 !ent to Att1? A/(ino, t"en 'etitioner0! co(n!e$, wa! ret(rne F(n!erve L bein& (nc$ai)e ? Petitioner !tate! t"at co'1 of eci!ion wa! 'er!ona$$1 e$ivere b1 Civi$ 3ocAet C$erA of #C on Att1? A/(ino w"o ref(!e to receive t"e !a)e !a1in& "e wa! no $on&er co(n!e$ for 'etitioner, a$t"o(&" no notice of wit" rawa$ a! co(n!e$ wa! fi$e b1 "i)? - Private re!'on ent fi$e a )otion for e6ec(tion of t"e 2( &)ent, co'1 f(rni!"e to Att1? Arno$ M? A/(ino an 'etitioner w"ic" t"e co(rt &rante ? =rit of e6ec(tion wa! i!!(e , w"ic" 'etitioner receive ? - Att1? ,o!e e L(na entere "i! a''earance a! new co(n!e$ for t"e 'etitioner wit" )otion for recon!i eration of t"e or er &rantin& t"e )otion for e6ec(tion or t"e /(a!"a$ of t"e writ of e6ec(tion on t"e &ro(n t"at 'etitioner "a not been ($1 notifie ? - Petitioner receive a ;otice of 3e)an for Pa1)ent fro) t"e e'(tie! of t"e E6-officio S"eriff of t"e R#C attac"in& t"ereto co'ie! of t"e writ of e6ec(tion an t"e eci!ion? 'etitioner fi$e a ;otice of A''ea$? 2 )o! $ater, re!'on ent co(rt i!!(e a!!ai$e re!o$(tion en1in& 'etitioner!0 )otion for recon!i eration or to /(a!" writ of e6ec(tion? - Petitioner went to CA on 'etition for certiorari? CA fo(n no ab(!e of i!cretion an i!)i!!e t"e 'etition? Recon!i eration wa! a$!o enie ? :ence, t"e 're!ent 'etition for review on certiorari? - Petitioner ar&(e! t"at@ w"en a co'1 of t"e eci!ion w"ic" t"e co(rt !ent to Att1? A/(ino wa! ret(rne to !en er, re!'on ent ,( &e re!orte in ca(!in& t"e !ervice of t"e eci!ion to !ai co(n!e$ in o'en co(rt, a! 'etitioner0! co(n!e$ on recor , w"en !ai $aw1er a''eare in t"e !a$a of re!'on ent ,( &e for anot"er ca!e; 'etitioner !"o($ be ee)e a! "avin& no notice of t"e tria$ co(rt eci!ion !ince it! co(n!e$, w"o "a not wit" rawn a! !(c", ref(!e to receive a co'1 of t"e !a)e? ="at t"e civi$ ocAet c$erA of t"e tria$ co(rt !"o($ "ave one wa! to re!ort to !(b!tit(te !ervice? - Re!'on ent in "i! Co))ent conten ! t"at !ince Att1? A/(ino i! co(n!e$ of 'etitioner an t"ere i! not"in& to !"ow t"at "e wit" rew a! co(n!e$ of 'etitioner, t"e co'1 of t"e eci!ion )ai$e to "i) b1 re&i!tere )ai$ a$t"o(&" ret(rne (n!erve i! !(fficient to !erve a! notice to "i) an to "i! c$ient fo$$owin& Sec? 5 of R($e 1. of RoC; it wa! t"e (t1 of 'etitioner to notif1 t"e co(rt t"at Att1? A/(ino wa! no $on&er it! $aw1er; if a $aw1er i! &oin& to wit" raw a! co(n!e$ for "i! c$ient, "e !"o($ fi$e a )otion to wit" raw a! !(c" wit" t"e confor)it1 of t"e c$ient? ISSUE0S =O; CA eci!ion !"o($ be rever!e HELD ;O - C$ient! are bo(n b1 t"e action! of t"eir co(n!e$ in t"e con (ct of t"eir ca!e? If it were ot"erwi!e, an a $aw1er0! )i!taAe or ne&$i&ence wa! a )itte a! a rea!on for t"e o'enin& of a ca!e, t"ere wo($ be no en to $iti&ation !o $on& a! co(n!e$ "a not been !(fficient$1 i$i&ent or e6'erience ? #"e on$1 e6ce'tion to t"e &enera$ r($e i! w"en t"e

Fi*in+0 Se"'ice !& p*e%)in+#, .,)+Den # %n) ! -e" p%pe"# BAUTISTA V MAYA-MAYA COTTA/ES INC <?R? ;o? 14>.81 SA;3O%AL-<I#IERRES; ;ov? 2-, 2005
NATURE Petition for review on certiorari a!!ai$in& eci!ion an re!o$(tion of t"e CA FACTS - S'o(!e! 7a(ti!ta are t"e re&i!tere owner! of a $ot in 7atan&a!? - MMCI? fi$e wit" t"e R#C a co)'$aint for cance$$ation of 'etitioner!0 tit$e an a)a&e!, wit" a''$ication for a 're$i)inar1 in2(nction, a$$e&in& t"at Fwit"o(t an1 co$or of ri&"t an t"ro(&" (bio(! )ean!,L 'etitioner! were ab$e to obtain ori&ina$ tit$e in t"eir na)e!? - S'o(!e! fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n t"at it oe! not !tate a ca(!e of action? #"e1 averre t"at re!'on ent i! a 'rivate cor'oration, "ence, i!/(a$ifie (n er t"e Con!tit(tion fro) ac/(irin& '(b$ic a$ienab$e $an ! e6ce't b1 $ea!e, an cannot be con!i ere a rea$ 'art1 in intere!t? - R#C &rante )otion to i!)i!!? - MMCI fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration wit" )otion for $eave to fi$e an a)en e co)'$aint for /(ietin& of tit$e? Re!'on ent a$$e&e t"at t"e tec"nica$ e!cri'tion in 'etitioner!0 tit$e oe! not cover t"e i!'(te $ot? - S'o(!e! fi$e t"eir o''o!ition, conten in& t"at t"e a)en e co)'$aint oe! not a$!o !tate a ca(!e of action an if a )itte , re!'on ent0! t"eor1 of t"e ca!e i! !(b!tantia$$1 )o ifie ? - R#C i!!(e an Or er en1in& 'etitioner!0 )otion to i!)i!!? - Petitioner! fi$e wit" t"e CA a !'ecia$ civi$ action for certiorari an 'ro"ibition, a$$e&in& t"at t"e a)en e co)'$aint oe! not c(re t"e efect in t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint w"ic" oe! not !tate a ca(!e of action? - CA i!)i!!e t"e 'etition for certiorari an 'ro"ibition? Petitioner! fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration b(t it wa! enie ? ISSUE =O; t"e CA erre in "o$ in& t"at t"e tria$ co(rt i not co))it &rave ab(!e of i!cretion a)o(ntin& to $acA or e6ce!! of 2(ri! iction in a )ittin& re!'on ent0! a)en e co)'$aint HELD ;O - Section 2, R($e 10 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re12 !"ow! t"at 6e&!"e -e &i*in+ !& %n( "e#p!n#i'e p*e%)in+, a 'art1 "a! t"e %6#!*, e "i+- to a)en "i! '$ea in&, re&ar $e!! of w"et"er a new ca(!e of action or c"an&e in t"eor1 i! intro (ce ? - Petitioner! "a not 1et fi$e a re!'on!ive '$ea in& to t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint? ="at t"e1 fi$e wa! a )otion to i!)i!!, w"ic" i! not a
12 FSEC? 2? A)en
)ent! a! a )atter of ri&"t? M A 'art1 )a1 a)en "i! '$ea in& once a! a )atter of ri&"t at an1 ti)e before a re!'on!ive

'$ea in& i! !erve or, in t"e ca!e of a re'$1, at an1 ti)e wit"in ten 4105 a1! after it i! !erve ?L

5co(n!e$0! act(ation! are &ro!! or 'a$'ab$e, re!($tin& in !erio(! in2(!tice to c$ient? In t"i! ca!e, w"i$e Att1? A/(ino, co(n!e$ of 'etitioner, wa! far fro) bein& vi&i$ant in 'rotectin& t"e intere!t of "i! c$ient, "i! infraction! cannot be !ai to "ave e'rive 'etitioner of (e 'roce!!? - Petitioner wa! ab$e to active$1 'artici'ate in t"e 'rocee in&! a ,uo? ="i$e it )a1 "ave $o!t it! ri&"t to a''ea$, it wa! not enie it! a1 in co(rt? Ri&"t to a''ea$ i! not a nat(ra$ ri&"t or a 'art of (e 'roce!! b(t on$1 a !tat(tor1 'rivi$e&e an )a1 be e6erci!e on$1 in t"e )anner an in accor ance wit" t"e 'rovi!ion! of $aw? - ="en 'etitioner i! at fa($t or not entire$1 b$a)e$e!!, t"ere i! no rea!on to overt(rn we$$-!ett$e 2(ri!'r( ence? - Petitioner wa! wantin& in a$$ t"e!e area!? ;ot on$1 i it fai$ to re&($ar$1 c"ecA on t"e !tat(! of t"e ca!e, it a$!o fai$e to en!(re t"at it co($ be notifie of t"e eci!ion a! !oon a! it wa! 'ro)($&ate ? Petitioner i not infor) t"e co(rt t"at it "a! !evere it! re$ation!"i' wit" Att1? A/(ino? ;eit"er i it "ire a new $aw1er !oon after Att1? A/(ino a$$e&e $1 cea!e to be it! co(n!e$? - #"at Att1? A/(ino ref(!e to receive a co'1 of t"e eci!ion an no !(b!tit(te !ervice wa! effecte oe! not era!e t"e fact t"at a co'1 of t"e tria$ co(rt eci!ion "a ear$ier been !ent b1 re&i!tere )ai$ to Att1? A/(ino #"i! i! !(fficient !ervice of t"e eci!ion on 'etitioner !ince !ervice ('on co(n!e$ of recor at "i! &iven a re!! i! !ervice to 'etitioner? - In ca!e! w"ere !ervice wa! )a e on t"e co(n!e$ of recor at "i! &iven a re!!, notice !ent to 'etitioner it!e$f i! not even nece!!ar1? Even t"en, in t"e 're!ent ca!e, t"e tria$ co(rt "a !ent a co'1 of t"e eci!ion to 'etitioner0! Anown a re!!? O&iter Co(rt reiterate! t"e i!tinction between 'etition for review on certiorari (n er R($e 45 an 'etition for certiorari (n er R($e 85? It !"o($ be reca$$e t"at a 'etition (n er R($e 45 brin&! (' for review error! of 2( &)ent w"i$e a 'etition (n er R($e 85 concern! error! of 2(ri! iction or &rave ab(!e of i!cretion a)o(ntin& to $acA or e6ce!! of 2(ri! iction? <rave ab(!e of i!cretion i! not an a$$owab$e &ro(n (n er R($e 45? :owever, a 'etition for review on certiorari (n er R($e 45 )a1 be con!i ere a! a 'etition for certiorari (n er R($e 85 w"ere it i! a$$e&e t"at t"e re!'on ent! ab(!e t"eir i!cretion? Disposition Petition i! i!)i!!e ? cance$$ation of $i! 'en en! w"ic" t"e R#C &rante in it! Re!o$(tion !a1in& t"at t"e evi ence 're!ente b1 Or en oe! not bear o(t t"e )ain a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint an t"at "e oe! not "ave an1 actionab$e ri&"t over t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ert1 t"ere bein& no ee of !a$e e6ec(te between "i) an t"e efen ant! over t"e !(b2ect rea$ 'ro'ertie! a! offere in t"e a$$e&e a&ree)ent? - R#C@ enie Or en0! MR? - ;ov? 18, 1-->, Or en fi$e a 'etition for certiorari before t"e CA !eeAin& t"e n($$ification of t"e re!o$(tion! of t"e R#C an a!Ae for t"e re-annotation of t"e notice of $i! 'en en! on t"e #C#? - #"e CA &rante t"e 'etition on 4 &ro(n !@ +ir!t, t"e1 !ai t"at t"e &enera$ r($e i! Fa notice of $i! 'en en! cannot be cance$$e w"i$e t"e action i! 'en in& an (n eter)ine e6ce't in ca!e! e6're!!$1 'rovi e b1 !tat(te?L Secon , CA cite Sec?99 of P3 152--Pro'ert1 Re&i!tration 3ecree w"ic" 'rovi e for two &ro(n ! for t"e co(rt to or er t"e cance$$ation of a notice of $i! 'en en! (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of an action w"ic" are@ 415 if t"e annotation wa! for t"e '(r'o!e of )o$e!tin& t"e tit$e of t"e a ver!e 'art1, or 425 w"en t"e annotation i! not nece!!ar1 to 'rotect t"e tit$e of t"e 'art1 w"o ca(!e it to be recor e 4;O= SEC 14, R1. ROC5? #"ir , t"e 3octrine of Li! Pen en! wo($ be ren ere )eanin&$e!! if t"e 'rivate re!'on ent! are a$$owe to fi$e a bon re&ar $e!! of t"e a)o(nt, in !(b!tit(tion of !ai notice an t"at t"e $aw oe! not a(t"oriBe a 2( &e to cance$ a notice of $i! 'en en! 'en in& $iti&ation, ('on t"e )ere fi$in& of a !(fficient bon b1 t"e 'art1 on w"o!e tit$e !ai notice i! annotate ? +o(rt", if t"ere wa! in ee an a&ree)ent to !e$$ between t"e 'etitioner an t"e 'rivate re!'on ent!-owner! 4w"ic" /(e!tion of fact i! not for t"i! co(rt to eter)ine in t"i! 'etition5, t"en t"e !ai 'artie! are bo(n b1 t"e 'rovi!ion! of A1495 of t"e Civi$ Co e 4#"e contract of !a$e i! 'erfecte at t"e )o)ent t"ere i! a )eetin& of )in ! ('on t"e t"in& w"ic" i! t"e ob2ect of t"e contract an ('on t"e 'rice?+ro) t"at )o)ent, t"e 'artie! )a1 reci'roca$$1 e)an 'erfor)ance, !(b2ect to t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e $aw &overnin& t"e for) of contract?5 -CA enie Ro)ero! MR on ,an(ar1 28, 2000? Petitioners/ contention. b1 or erin& t"e re-annotation of t"e notice of $i! 'en en!, w"en 'rivate re!'on ent i not even a!!ert a c$ai) of 'o!!e!!ion or tit$e over t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ert1, t"e CA went a&ain!t t"e octrine in %i$$an(eva v!? Co(rt of A''ea$! w"ere t"i! Co(rt "e$ t"at t"e a''$icant )(!t, in t"e co)'$aint or an!wer fi$e in t"e !(b2ect $iti&ation, a!!ert a c$ai) of 'o!!e!!ion or tit$e over t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ert1 in or er to &ive (e co(r!e to "i! a''$ication; t"e CA, in conc$( in& t"at t"ere wa! no "earin& before t"e annotation wa! cance$$e , over$ooAe t"e fact t"at t"e )otion for cance$$ation wa! !et for "earin& on ;ove)ber 12, 1--9, t"at 'rivate re!'on ent wa! ($1 notifie b(t fai$e to a''ear, an t"at "e wa! ab$e to fi$e "i! o''o!ition to t"e )otion to cance$ $i! 'en en! w"ic" t"e R#C con!i ere before 'ro)($&atin& it! Re!o$(tion ate ;ove)ber 28, 1--9? Orden/s contention. t"e co(rt a /(o cance$$e t"e notice of $i! 'en en! even before it "a! been a''ri!e of a$$ t"e re$evant fact! of t"e ca!e; t"e CA wa! correct in r($in& t"at w"i$e t"e 'artie! are $ocAe in $e&a$ batt$e an (nti$ it beco)e! )anife!t t"at t"e &ro(n ! !et fort" in Sec? 99, P?3? ;o? 152- e6i!t, t"e tria$ co(rt !"o($ not a$$ow t"e cance$$ation of t"e $i! 'en en!; In t"eir Re'$1, 'etitioner! reiterate t"eir ar&()ent! an cite A+P M(t(a$ 7enefit A!!ociation, Inc? v!? Co(rt of A''ea$! w"ere it wa! "e$ t"at a notice of $i! 'en en! )a1 be annotate on$1 w"ere t"ere i! an action or 'rocee in& in co(rt w"ic" affect! tit$e to or 'o!!e!!ion of rea$ 'ro'ert1? #"e1 f(rt"er )aintain t"at t"e re/(ire)ent of 'rior "earin& wa! !(fficient$1 co)'$ie wit" in t"i! ca!e an 'etitioner! i not act in ba fait" w"en !"e !o$ t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ert1 'en in& t"e o(tco)e of t"i! ca!e !ince t"ere wa! no o(t!tan in& in2(nction or re!trainin& or er w"ic" wo($ "ave 'revente "er fro) oin& !o? ISSUE =O; t"e CA co))itte &rave ab(!e of i!cretion in or erin& t"e reannotation of t"e $i! 'en en!? HELD ;O? Petitioner! "ave fai$e to !"ow t"at t"e CA co))itte <A3? Reasoning. :eir! of E(&enio Lo'eB, Sr? v!? Enri/(eB@ Li! 'en en!, w"ic" $itera$$1 )ean! 'en in& !(it, refer! to t"e 2(ri! iction, 'ower or contro$ w"ic" a co(rt ac/(ire! over 'ro'ert1 invo$ve in a !(it, 'en in& t"e contin(ance of t"e action, an (nti$ fina$ 2( &)ent? -Li) v? %era Cr(B@ +o(n e ('on '(b$ic 'o$ic1 an nece!!it1, $i! 'en en! i! inten e to Aee' t"e 'ro'ertie! in $iti&ation wit"in t"e 'ower of t"e co(rt (nti$ t"e $iti&ation i! ter)inate , an to 'revent t"e efeat of t"e 2( &)ent or ecree b1 !(b!e/(ent a$ienation?

COMPUTATION OF TIME SPS. CONRADO %n) MA. CORONA ROMERO '#. CA, SATURNINO S. ORDEN /.R. N!. =989B5 AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ< M%( =5, 8BB4
NATURE Petition for certiorari fi$e VR85W FACTS - Ma? Corona Ro)ero an "er !ib$in&! e6ec(te a $etter-contract to !e$$ wit" 'rivate re!'on ent Sat(rnino Or en? - In !ai contract, Or en 'ro'o!e to '(rc"a!e fro) Ro)ero an "er !ib$in&! a 'ro'ert1 $ocate at 3enver cor? ;ew CorA St!?, C(bao, HC for t"e tota$ a)o(nt of P19M? - #"e contract !ti'($ate t"at 'rivate re!'on ent !"a$$ 'a1 'etitioner t"e a)o(nt of P9M ('on t"e e6ec(tion of t"e ee of ab!o$(te !a$e, t"e ba$ance of P10M not $ater t"an 3ece)ber 1-, 1--8 an t"at Or en !"a$$ !"o($ er t"e e6'en!e! to evict t"e !/(atter! on t"e 'ro'ert1? - ="en Or en fai$e to 'a1 t"e own 'a1)ent, 'etitioner Corona to$ "i) t"at !"e wa! re!cin in& t"e contract to !e$$? - Or en t"en fi$e a co)'$aint for !'ecific 'erfor)ance an a)a&e! a&ain!t 'etitioner! before t"e HC R#C a$$e&in& t"at "e "a! co)'$ie wit" "i! ob$i&ation to evict t"e !/(atter! on t"e 'ro'ert1 an i! entit$e to e)an fro) 'etitioner! t"e 'erfor)ance of t"eir ob$i&ation (n er t"e contract? - Si)($taneo(! wit" t"e fi$in& of t"e co)'$aint, Or en ca(!e t"e annotation of a notice of $i! 'en en! on t"e #C#? - A(&(!t 11, 1--9, Man(e$ C? Li)!ico, ,r? an A$o1!i(! R? Santo!, !(b!e/(ent b(1er! of t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ert1 !o$ b1 Corona an "er !ib$in&!, fi$e a )otion for $eave to intervene wit" t"e R#C an were a )itte a! efen ant!-intervenor!? - #"e1 fi$e a )otion for t"e

80 - Care v!? I$ar e@ It! notice i! an anno(nce)ent to t"e w"o$e wor$ t"at a 'artic($ar 'ro'ert1 i! in $iti&ation an !erve! a! a warnin& t"at one w"o ac/(ire! an intere!t over !ai 'ro'ert1 oe! !o at "i! own ri!A or t"at "e &a)b$e! on t"e re!($t of t"e $iti&ation over !ai 'ro'ert1? - #"e fi$in& of a notice of $i! 'en en! "a! a two-fo$ effect@ 415 to Aee' t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e $iti&ation wit"in t"e 'ower of t"e co(rt (nti$ t"e entr1 of t"e fina$ 2( &)ent to 'revent t"e efeat of t"e fina$ 2( &)ent b1 !(cce!!ive a$ienation!; an 425 to bin a '(rc"a!er, bona fi e or not, of t"e $an !(b2ect of t"e $iti&ation to t"e 2( &)ent or ecree t"at t"e co(rt wi$$ 'ro)($&ate !(b!e/(ent$1? - Ma& a$ena :o)eowner! A!!ociation, Inc? v!? CA@ a notice of $i! 'en en! i! a''ro'riate in t"e fo$$owin&@ 4a5 an action to recover 'o!!e!!ion of rea$ e!tate; 4b5 an action to /(iet tit$e t"ereto; 4c5 an action to re)ove c$o( ! t"ereon; 4 5 an action for 'artition; an 4e5 an1 ot"er 'rocee in&! of an1 Ain in Co(rt irect$1 affectin& t"e tit$e to t"e $an or t"e (!e or occ('ation t"ereof or t"e b(i$ in&! t"ereon? -At$antic Erector!, Inc? v!? :erba$ Cove Rea$t1 Cor'?@ Re!ortin& to $i! 'en en! i! not nece!!ari$1 confine to ca!e! t"at invo$ve tit$e to or 'o!!e!!ion of rea$ 'ro'ert1 b(t a$!o a''$ie! to !(it! !eeAin& to e!tab$i!" a ri&"t to, or an e/(itab$e e!tate or intere!t in, a !'ecific rea$ 'ro'ert1; or to enforce a $ien, a c"ar&e or an enc()brance a&ain!t it? - #"e octrine of $i! 'en en! "a! no a''$ication to a 'rocee in& in w"ic" t"e on$1 ob2ect !o(&"t i! t"e recover1 of a )one1 2( &)ent, t"o(&" t"e tit$e or ri&"t of 'o!!e!!ion to 'ro'ert1 be inci enta$$1 affecte ? It i! e!!entia$ t"at t"e 'ro'ert1 be irect$1 affecte !(c" a! w"en t"e re$ief !o(&"t in t"e action or !(it inc$( e! t"e recover1 of 'o!!e!!ion, or t"e enforce)ent of a $ien, or an a 2( ication between conf$ictin& c$ai)! of tit$e, 'o!!e!!ion, or t"e ri&"t of 'o!!e!!ion to !'ecific 'ro'ert1, or re/(irin& it! tran!fer or !a$e? Even if a 'art1 initia$$1 avai$! of a notice of $i! 'en en! ('on t"e fi$in& of a ca!e in co(rt, !(c" notice i! ren ere n(&ator1 if t"e ca!e t(rn! o(t to be a '(re$1 'er!ona$ action? In !(c" event, t"e notice of $i! 'en en! beco)e! f(nct(! officio? -#o '(t t"e 'ro'ert1 (n er t"e covera&e of t"e r($e on $i! 'en en!, a$$ a 'art1 "a! to o i! to a!!ert a c$ai) of 'o!!e!!ion or tit$e over t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ert1? It i! not nece!!ar1 t"at owner!"i' or intere!t over t"e 'ro'ert1 i! 'rove ? -71 'ra1in& for t"e Ro)ero! to be bo(n b1 t"e ter)! of t"eir contract 4ie? S'ecific 'erfor)ance an a)a&e!5, Or en in effect a!A! t"e co(rt to or er 'etitioner! to f($fi$$ t"eir 'ro)i!e to !e$$ t"e 'ro'ert1 for t"e a)o(nt of P19M? -="i$e Or en i not e6'$icit$1 !tate t"at "e wa! r(nnin& after t"e owner!"i' of t"e 'ro'ert1, a !i)'$e rea in& of t"e co)'$aint wo($ !"ow t"at !(c" wa! "i! intent? #"i! i! !(fficient for '(r'o!e! of annotatin& $i! 'en en!? - #"ere i! no re/(ire)ent t"at t"e 'art1 a''$1in& for t"e annotation )(!t 'rove "i! ri&"t or intere!t over t"e 'ro'ert1 !o(&"t to be annotate ? #"(!, even on t"e ba!i! of an (nre&i!tere ee of !a$e, a notice of $i! 'en en! )a1 be annotate on t"e tit$e? -Sai annotation cannot be con!i ere a! a co$$atera$ attacA a&ain!t t"e certificate of tit$e ba!e on t"e 'rinci'$e t"at t"e re&i!tration of a notice of $i! 'en en! oe! not 'ro (ce a $e&a$ effect !i)i$ar to a $ien? - #"e r($e! )ere$1 re/(ire t"at an affir)ative re$ief be c$ai)e !ince a notation of $i! 'en en! neit"er affect! t"e )erit! of a ca!e nor create! a ri&"t or a $ien? It on$1 'rotect! t"e a''$icant0! ri&"t! w"ic" wi$$ be eter)ine (rin& tria$? Dispositive t"e 'etition for certiorari i! 3ISMISSE3 for $acA of )erit? wit" t"e Loca$ A)ne!t1 7oar for Metro Mani$a? In (e co(r!e, t"e boar enie t"e !ai a''$ication? On A(&(!t 28, 2002, t"e ;ationa$ A)ne!t1 Co))i!!ion 4;AC5 i!!(e a Re!o$(tion affir)in& t"at of t"e Loca$ A)ne!t1 7oar ? #"e )otion for recon!i eration t"ereof wa! enie b1 t"e ;AC, 'er it! Re!o$(tion ate ;ove)ber 1., 2002, a co'1 of w"ic" wa! receive b1 t"e 'etitioner on ;ove)ber 22, 2002? -In er R($e III, Section 4 of ;AC A )ini!trative Or er ;o? 2, Serie! of 1---, t"e 'etitioner "a (nti$ 3ece)ber 9, 2002, a Sat(r a1, wit"in w"ic" to fi$e a 'etition for review of t"e !ai re!o$(tion wit" t"e Co(rt of A''ea$!? On 3ece)ber -, 2002, t"e 'etitioner fi$e a )otion in t"e a''e$$ate co(rt for an e6ten!ion of fifteen 4155 a1! fro) 3ece)ber -, 2002, or (nti$ 3ece)ber 24, 2002 wit"in w"ic" to fi$e "i! 'etition? #"e 'etitioner a$$e&e t"erein t"at "e "a 2(!t en&a&e t"e !ervice! of co(n!e$ w"o nee e a itiona$ ti)e to !t( 1 t"e ca!e an raft t"e 'etition? :owever, t"e 'etitioner fai$e to fi$e "i! 'etition for review? -3ece)ber 24, 2002 wa! ec$are a nationa$ "o$i a1; 3ece)ber 25, 2002 wa! a$!o a "o$i a1? On 3ece)ber 28, 2002, t"e 'etitioner fi$e a !econ )otion for e6ten!ion of fifteen 4155 a1! fro) 3ece)ber 28, 2002 or (nti$ ,an(ar1 10, 2002, wit"in w"ic" to fi$e "i! 'etition? #"e 'etitioner fi$e "i! 'etition for review wit" t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! on ,an(ar1 10, 200.? -On ,an(ar1 1., 200., t"e CA i!!(e a Re!o$(tion &rantin& t"e 'etitioner0! fir!t )otion for a fifteen- a1 e6ten!ion co(nte fro) 3ece)ber 9, 2002 or (nti$ 3ece)ber 22, 2002, wit"in w"ic" to fi$e !ai 'etition? On +ebr(ar1 20, 200., t"e CA i!!(e a Re!o$(tion en1in& 'etitioner0! !econ )otion for "avin& been fi$e o(t of ti)e? #"e 'etitioner fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration of t"e +ebr(ar1 20, 200. Re!o$(tion c$ai)in& t"at, !ince t"e $a!t a1 to fi$e "i! 'etition wa! a Sat(r a1, 3ece)ber 9, 2002, an t"e ne6t a1, 3ece)ber >, 2002 wa! a S(n a1, t"e $a!t a1 for fi$in& t"e 'etition wa! 3ece)ber -, 2002? :e rea!one t"at !ince "e fi$e "i! )otion for e6ten!ion of ti)e to fi$e "i! 'etition for review on t"e !ai ate, t"e !ai )otion wa! ti)e$1 fi$e ? -On A(&(!t 1-, 200., t"e CA i!!(e a Re!o$(tion en1in& t"e 'etitioner0! )otion, re$1in& on A?M? ;o? 00-2-14-SC i!!(e on +ebr(ar1 2-, 2000, w"ic" 'rovi e! t"at an1 e6ten!ion of ti)e to fi$e t"e re/(ire '$ea in& !"o($ be co(nte fro) t"e e6'iration of t"e 'erio re&ar $e!! of t"e fact t"at t"e !ai (e ate i! a Sat(r a1, S(n a1, or $e&a$ "o$i a1? ISSUE =O; t"e 'etitioner ti)e$1 fi$e "i! !econ )otion for e6ten!ion of ti)e to fi$e "i! 'etition for review? HELD ;O? Petitioner0! )otion for a !econ e6ten!ion of ti)e to fi$e "i! 'etition for review wa! fi$e o(t of ti)e? Reasoning. Section 1, R($e 22, of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re 'rovi e!@ Section 1? Go$ to compute time. In co)'(tin& an1 'erio of ti)e 're!cribe or a$$owe b1 t"e!e R($e!, or b1 or er of t"e co(rt, or b1 an1 a''$icab$e !tat(te, t"e a1 of t"e act or event fro) w"ic" t"e e!i&nate 'erio of ti)e be&in! to r(n i! to be e6c$( e an t"e ate of 'erfor)ance inc$( e ? If t"e $a!t a1 of t"e 'erio , a! t"(! co)'(te , fa$$! on a Sat(r a1, a S(n a1, or a $e&a$ "o$i a1 in t"e '$ace w"ere t"e co(rt !it!, t"e ti)e !"a$$ not r(n (nti$ t"e ne6t worAin& a1?. -#"e Co(rt c$arifie t"e 'rovi!ion w"en it i!!(e A?M? ;o? 00-2-14-SC, w"ic" rea !@ ="erea!, t"e aforecite 'rovi!ion a''$ie! in t"e )atter of fi$in& of '$ea in&! in co(rt! w"en t"e (e ate fa$$! on a Sat(r a1, S(n a1, or $e&a$ "o$i a1, in w"ic" ca!e, t"e fi$in& of t"e !ai '$ea in& on t"e ne6t worAin& a1 i! ee)e on ti)e; ="erea!, t"e /(e!tion "a! been rai!e if t"e 'erio i! e6ten e i'!o 2(re to t"e ne6t worAin& a1 i))e iate$1 fo$$owin& w"ere t"e $a!t a1 of t"e 'erio i! a Sat(r a1, S(n a1 or $e&a$ "o$i a1 !o t"at w"en a )otion for e6ten!ion of ti)e i! fi$e , t"e 'erio of e6ten!ion i! to be recAone fro) t"e ne6t worAin& a1 an not fro) t"e ori&ina$ e6'iration of t"e 'erio ; ;O= #:ERE+ORE, t"e Co(rt Re!o$ve!, for t"e &(i ance of t"e 7enc" an t"e 7ar, to ec$are t"at Section 1, R($e 22 !'eaA! on$1 of *t"e $a!t a1 of t"e 'erio * !o t"at w"en a 'art1 !eeA! an e6ten!ion an t"e !a)e i! &rante , t"e (e ate cea!e! to be t"e $a!t a1 an "ence, t"e 'rovi!ion no $on&er a''$ie!? An1 e6ten!ion of ti)e to fi$e t"e re/(ire '$ea in& !"o($ t"erefore be co(nte fro) t"e e6'iration of

LUZ V NATIONAL AMNESTY COMMISSION BB SCRA BB CALLEJO, SR< SEP 89, 8BB9
NATURE Petition for review of t"e Re!o$(tion of t"e CA FACTS -On ,($1 1>, 1->>, t"e 'etitioner wa! c"ar&e wit" vio$ation of Pre!i entia$ 3ecree ;o? 1>88 4i$$e&a$ 'o!!e!!ion of firear)!5 in t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt of MaAati Cit1, ocAete a! Cri)ina$ Ca!e ;o? 429? On Marc" 22, 2000, t"e 'etitioner fi$e an a''$ication for a)ne!t1

81 t"e 'erio re&ar $e!! of t"e fact t"at !ai (e ate i! a Sat(r a1, S(n a1 or $e&a$ "o$i a1? -#"e e6ten!ion &rante b1 t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! !"o($ be tacAe to t"e ori&ina$ 'erio an co))ence! i))e iate$1 after t"e e6'iration of !(c" 'erio ? In er t"e Re!o$(tion of t"i! Co(rt in A?M? ;o? 00-2-14SC, t"e CA "a! no i!cretion to recAon t"e co))ence)ent of t"e e6ten!ion it &rante fro) a ate $ater t"an t"e e6'iration of !(c" 'erio , re&ar $e!! of t"e fact t"at !ai (e ate i! a Sat(r a1, S(n a1, or a $e&a$ "o$i a1? -#"e Co(rt of A''ea$! cannot be fa($te for &rantin& t"e 'etitioner0! fir!t )otion for e6ten!ion of fifteen 4155 a1! wit"in w"ic" to fi$e "i! 'etition for review, recAone fro) 3ece)ber 9, 2002, an not fro) 3ece)ber -, 2002 a! 'ra1e for b1 t"e 'etitioner? In !o oin&, it )ere$1 a''$ie , wit" fea$t1, Section 1, R($e 22 of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt, a! a)en e , a! c$arifie b1 t"e Co(rt via it! Re!o$(tion in A?M? ;o? 00-2-14-SC? :a t"e CA &rante t"e 'etitioner! fir!t )otion for e6ten!ion an recAone t"e fifteen- a1 'erio fro) 3ece)ber -, 2002, in!tea of fro) 3ece)ber 9, 2002, t"e a''e$$ate co(rt wo($ "ave acte wit" &rave ab(!e of it! i!cretion? Dispositive Petition granted -Proce!! Server Antonio Ri)a! of t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt of Ca$a)ba, La&(na, !(b)itte to t"e tria$ co(rt a ret(rn on t"e !ervice; it rea in f($$@ *Re!'ectf($$1 ret(rne to t"e 7ranc" C$erA of Co(rt, Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt, ;ationa$ Ca'ita$ ,( icia$ Re&ion, 7ranc" -2, H(eBon Cit1, t"e "erein attac"e ori&ina$ !())on in t"e above entit$e ca!e wit" t"e infor)ation t"at it wa! ($1 !erve to t"e efen ant 3A;ILO A? <IE%ARRA, -", -e" #i# e"-in-*%K, /LORIA CABALLES, 6( *e%'in+ % c!p( !& -e #,DD!n# %n) c!Dp*%in 6, "e&,#e) ! #i+n?L -#o1ota c$ai)! t"at <(evarra "a fai$e to fi$e an A;S=ER wit"in t"e re&$e)entar1 'erio , )ove to ec$are <(evarra in efa($t? A co'1 of t"e )otion wa! f(rni!"e <(evarra, t"ro(&" re&i!tere )ai$ wit" ret(rn car , at 2- 7(r&o! Street, Ca$a)ba, La&(na? -'etitioner fi$e t"e re&i!tr1 ret(rn car in icatin& recei't of t"e )otion -tria$ co(rt &rante 'etitionerD! Motion #o 3ec$are 3efen ant In 3efa($t an a$$owe an e6-'arte 're!entation of 'etitionerD! evi ence? -#C in favor of #o1ota - a writ of e6ec(tion wa! i!!(e to i)'$e)ent t"e eci!ion? #"e 3e'(t1 S"eriff, i)'$e)entin& t"e writ, $evie on <(evarraD! #o1ota Coro$$a? #"e notice of $ev1 wa! !erve on <(evarra 'er!ona$$1 b(t "e ref(!e to !i&n t"e recei't t"ereof, e6're!!e !(r'ri!e over it, an !tate t"at "e wa! not aware of an1 ca!e in!tit(te a&ain!t "i)? <(evarra t(rne over t"e ve"ic$e b(t fi$e a certiorari 'etition before t"e CA c$ai)in& t"at t"e tria$ co(rt i not ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over "i! 'er!on beca(!e of a efective !ervice of !())on! on "i)? -CA in favor of <(evarra-ann($$e an !et a!i e t"e efa($t 2( &)ent, t"e writ of e6ec(tion, t"e $ev1 ('on e6ec(tion an t"e !a$e at '(b$ic a(ction of t"e ve"ic$e-!a1in& t"at !(b!tit(te !ervice of !())on! wa! not va$i -#o1ota went to SC ISSUE 2? =O; !ervice of !())on! i! efective HELD 8. YES. Reasoning It i! not "ere i!'(te t"at !(b!tit(te !ervice of !())on! "a! been re!orte to b1 t"e 'roce!! !erver b(t t"at, (nfort(nate$1, t"e !erverD! ret(rn i not !tate t"e fact! or t"e nee e 'artic($ar! t"at co($ 2(!tif1 t"e !(b!tit(te !ervice? #"e con!tit(tiona$ re/(ire)ent of (e 'roce!!, t"i! Co(rt "a! "e$ in 7oticano v!? C"(, ,r?, e6act! t"at t"e !ervice 4of !())on!5 be !(c" a! )a1 rea!onab$1 be e6'ecte to &ive t"e notice e!ire ? Once t"e !ervice 'rovi e b1 t"e r($e! acco)'$i!"e! t"at en , *t"e re/(ire)ent of 2(!tice i! an!were ; t"e tra itiona$ notion! of fair '$a1 are !ati!fie ; (e 'roce!! i! !erve ?* A$t"o(&" Moran, on t"e R($e! of Co(rt, "a! !ai t"at *Irre&($aritie! of t"i! Ain 4!(b!tit(te !ervice5 4)i&"t5 be c(re b1 'roof t"at t"e co'ie! 4"ave5 act(a$$1 been e$ivere to t"e efen ant,* in t"e ca!e at bar, "owever, 'rivate re!'on ent a''ear! to "ave been notifie of t"e ca!e for t"e fir!t ti)e on$1 at t"e ti)e t"e $ev1 on e6ec(tion of 2( &)ent wa! effecte b1 t"e !"eriff? #"e fact of t"e )atter wa! t"at <(evarra evi ent$1 "a been (naware of t"e 'rocee in&! before t"e R#C? I'on $earnin& of t"e a ver!e eci!ion, b(t a$rea 1 too $ate in t"e a1 for "i) to &et re$ief fro) t"at co(rt, "e fi$e , in!tea , a certiorari 'etition before t"e Co(rt of A''ea$!? #"e a''e$$ate co(rt neit"er ab(!e it! i!cretion nor wa! in error w"en it ref(!e to con!i er t"e affi avit of t"e 'roce!! !erver 4 ec$arin& t"e conco)itant fact! re/(ire to be incor'orate in t"e ret(rn5 w"ic" wa! 're!ente to it for t"e fir!t ti)e on$1 a! an anne6 to it! Re'$1 fi$e wit" t"e trib(na$? +or t"e a''e$$ate co(rt to "ave acce'te t"e affi avit favorab$1 on it! face va$(e, wit"o(t "earin&, wo($ "ave a&ain been a enia$ to t"e efen ant 4"erein 'rivate re!'on ent5 of "i! ri&"t to (e 'roce!!? Di#p!#i i!n PE#I#IO; 3E;IE3?

SUMMONS D!)e# !& #e"'ice =. '!*,n %"( %ppe%"%nce 8. V!*,n %"( #,6Di##i!n RODRI/UEZ VS ALIFPALA @#,p"%A
FACTS -S'o(!e! #o$entino were co-)ovant! in t"e )otion for a 2( &)ent on a co)'ro)i!e wit" S'o(!e! Rebo$$a o VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION t"e #o$entino! free$1 an vo$(ntari$1 entere into t"e co)'ro)i!e a&ree)ent w"ic" beca)e t"e ba!i! of 2( &)ent of t"e Cit1 Co(rt? In er t"e circ()!tance!, t"e #o$entino! are e!to''e t"e ver1 a(t"orit1 t"e1 invoAe ? An even a!!()in& t"at e!to''e$ $ie!, we cannot !et a!i e t"e 'rinci'$e of e/(it1 t"at jurisdiction over a person not originall% a part% to a case $a% &e ac*uired( upon proper conditions( thru the voluntar% appearance of the person &efore the court. 71 co)in& forwar wit" t"e ori&ina$ $iti&ant! in )ovin& for a 2( &)ent on co)'ro)i!e an b1 a!!()in& !(c" intere!t in t"e fina$ a 2( ication of t"e ca!e to&et"er wit" t"e Robe$$a o!, t"e #o$entino! effective$1 !(b)itte t"e)!e$ve! to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e Cit1 Co(rt? -J,"i#)ic i!n !'e" -e p*%in i&& can be ac/(ire b1 t"e co(rt ('on fi$in& of t"e co)'$aint? On t"e ot"er "an , .,"i#)ic i!n !'e" -e )e&en)%n # can be ac/(ire b1 t"e co(rt ('on !ervice of va$i !())on! an ('on vo$(ntar1 a''earanceE!(b)i!!ion of a 'er!on in co(rt?

1. #e"'ice in pe"#!n TOYOTA CUBAO V. CA @/UEVARRAA /.R. N!. =8518= VITU/< Oc !6e" 81, =>>2
NATURE Petition for review FACTS -Petitioner #o1ota C(bao, Inc?, (n ertooA re'air! on t"e car owne b1 'rivate re!'on ent <(evarra? #"e re'air co!twa! 'ai b1 )ean! of 7PI C"ecA rawn b1 <(evarra in favor of #o1ota? -#"e c"ecA wa! i!"onore ? -<(evarra fai$e to )aAe &oo t"e c"ecA -#o1ota a civi$ ca!e for co$$ection of t"e (n'ai acco(nt? -tria$ co(rt i!!(e t"e #,DD!n# ! /,e'%""% % -i# %))"e## in 8> B,"+!# S "ee , C%*%D6%, L%+,n%.

9. S,6# i , e) #e"'ice EUELNAN V. VHF PHIL. /.R. N!. =1:4BB /ARCIA< Sep eD6e" =5, 8BB4
NATURE

82 Petition for review on certiorari FACTS -%:+ P"i$! fi$e an e2ect)ent !(it in t"e Me#C a&ain!t H(e$nan invo$vin& a con o)ini() (nit -Me#C in favor of %:+ P"i$!? -on it! fin in& t"at *!())on! to&et"er wit" a co'1 of t"e co)'$aint wa! !erve Von 'etitionerW t"r( "i! wife on A(&(!t 25, 1--2 b1 !(b!tit(te !ervice* an t"at 'etitioner *fai$e to fi$e "i! an!wer wit"in t"e re&$e)entar1 'erio *, ca)e o(t wit" a eci!ion ate ;ove)ber 2., 1--2 -Co'1 of t"e afore)entione eci!ion wa! !erve on 'etitioner b1 "e+i# e"e) D%i* b(t t"e !a)e wa! ret(rne (nc$ai)e on acco(nt of 'etitionerD! fai$(re to c$ai) t"e !a)e )e#pi e -e p!# D%# e"J# -"ee @1A #,cce##i'e n! ice# !n N!'eD6e" 84, =>>8, DeceD6e" 2, =>>8 %n) DeceD6e" ==, =>>8. -;o a''ea$ "avin& been taAen b1 t"e 'etitioner, t"e Me#C eci!ion beca)e fina$ an e6ec(tor1? -a writ of e6ec(tion, a notice of $ev1 an a notice to vacate were !erve on 'etitionerD! wife w"o acAnow$e &e recei't t"ereof? -'etitioner fi$e wit" t"e R#C a Petition for Re$ief fro) ,( &)ent =it" Pra1er for Pre$i)inar1 In2(nction an Eor te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er, t"ere(n er a$$e&in&, t"at "e wa! never !erve wit" !())on! an wa! co)'$ete$1 (naware of t"e 'rocee in&! in t"e e2ect)ent !(it, a in& t"at "e $earne of t"e 2( &)ent ren ere t"ereon on$1 on M%( =:, =>>1 K-en % n! ice !& *e'( !n eCec, i!n c%De ! -i# 7n!K*e)+e ? :e t"(! 'ra1e t"e R#C to ann($ an !et a!i e t"e Me#C eci!ion an t"e writ! i!!(e in connection t"erewit"? -In a eci!ion ate ,(ne ., 1--8 , t"e R#C &rante 'etitionerD! 'etition for re$ief an !et a!i e t"e Me#C eci!ion? #"e R#C e6'$aine t"at 'etitioner "a been (n ($1 e'rive of a "earin& an "a been 'revente fro) taAin& an a''ea$ for t"e rea!on t"at 'etitionerD! wife, in a fit of an&er, tore t"e !())on! an co)'$aint in t"e e2ect)ent !(it in t"e "eat of a )arita$ !/(abb$e? -%:+ went to SC b(t SC re)an e to CA -CA-in a eci!ion ate Se'te)ber 19, 1--9, ('on a fin in& t"at 'etitionerD! 'etition for re$ief wa! fi$e wit" t"e R#C be1on t"e 80- a1 )an ator1 'erio t"erefor (n er Section ., R($e .> of t"e R($e! of Co(rt, "e'e"#e) %n) #e %#i)e -e RTC )eci#i!n %n) "ein# % e) -% !& -e MeTC, ISSUE .? =O; #:E ME#ROPOLI#A; #RIAL COIR# O+ MA;ILA ;E%ER ACHIIRE3 ,IRIS3IC#IO; O%ER #:E PE#I#IO;ER, :E;CE I#S 3ECISIO; CA;;O# 7ECOME +I;AL A;3 E[ECI#ORC? HELD 1. NO. Reasoning #"e recor ! c$ear$1 revea$ t"at a co'1 of t"e Me#C eci!ion wa! !ent to 'etitioner t"ro(&" re&i!tere )ai$ at "i! &iven a re!! on ;ove)ber 25, 1--2? It !"o($ be note t"at 'etitioner wa! not re're!ente b1 co(n!e$ (rin& t"e 'rocee in&! before t"e Me#C? #"e fir!t notice to "i) b1 t"e 'o!t)a!ter to c"ecA "i! )ai$ wa! on ;ove)ber 25, 1--2? #"ereafter, !(b!e/(ent notice! were !ent b1 t"e 'o!t)a!ter on 3ece)ber 9, 1--2 an 3ece)ber 11, 1--2? +or !(re, a certification t"at t"e re&i!tere )ai$ wa! (nc$ai)e b1 t"e 'etitioner an t"(! ret(rne to t"e !en er after t"ree !(cce!!ive notice! wa! i!!(e b1 t"e 'o!t)a!ter? :ence, !ervice of !ai Me#C eci!ion beca)e effective five 455 a1! after ;ove)ber 25, 1--2, or on ;ove)ber .0, 1--2, confor)ab$1 wit" R($e 1., Section 10 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, w"ic" rea !@ SEC? 10? Co)'$etene!! of Service? G Per!ona$ !ervice i! co)'$ete ('on act(a$ e$iver1? Service b1 or inar1 )ai$ i! co)'$ete ('on t"e e6'iration of ten 4105 a1! after )ai$in&, (n$e!! t"e co(rt ot"erwi!e 'rovi e!? Service b1 re&i!tere )ai$ i! co)'$ete ('on act(a$ recei't b1 t"e a re!!ee, or after five 455 a1! fro) t"e ate "e receive t"e fir!t notice of t"e 'o!t)a!ter, w"ic"ever ate i! ear$ier? 4E)'"a!i! !(''$ie 5 #"ere i! no o(bt t"at (n er t"e R($e!, !ervice b1 re&i!tere )ai$ i! co)'$ete ('on act(a$ recei't b1 t"e a re!!ee? :owever, if t"e a re!!ee fai$! to c$ai) "i! )ai$ fro) t"e 'o!t office wit"in five 455 a1! fro) t"e ate of t"e fir!t notice, !ervice beco)e! effective ('on t"e e6'iration of five 455 a1! t"erefro)? In !(c" a ca!e, t"ere ari!e! a 're!()'tion t"at t"e !ervice wa! co)'$ete at t"e en of t"e !ai fivea1 'erio ? #"i! )ean! t"at t"e 'erio to a''ea$ or to fi$e t"e nece!!ar1 '$ea in& be&in! to r(n after five a1! fro) t"e fir!t notice &iven b1 t"e 'o!t)a!ter? #"i! i! beca(!e a 'art1 i! ee)e to "ave receive an to "ave been notifie of t"e 2( &)ent at t"at 'oint? =it" t"e rea$it1 t"at 'etitioner wa! fir!t notifie b1 t"e 'o!t)a!ter on ;ove)ber 25, 1--2, it fo$$ow! t"at !ervice of a co'1 of t"e Me#C eci!ion wa! ee)e co)'$ete an effective five 455 a1! t"erefro) or on N!'eD6e" 1B, =>>8. ;ece!!ari$1, t"e 80- a1 'erio for fi$in& a 'etition for re$ief )(!t be recAone fro) !(c" ate 4;ove)ber .0, 1--25 a! t"i! wa! t"e a1 w"en act(a$ recei't b1 'etitioner i! 're!()e ? In #-!" , pe i i!ne" K%# )eeDe) ! -%'e 7n!K*e)+e !& -e MeTC )eci#i!n !n N!'eD6e" 1B, =>>8. T-e 5B-)%( pe"i!) &!" &i*in+ % pe i i!n &!" "e*ie& -,# eCpi"e) !n J%n,%"( 8>, =>>1. Un&!" ,n% e*(, i K%# !n*( !n M%( 89, =>>1, !" =24 )%(# %& e" pe i i!ne" K%# )eeDe) ! -%'e *e%"ne) !& -e .,)+Den -% -e &i*e) -i# pe i i!n &!" "e*ie& Ki - -e RTC. In (bitab$1, t"e 'etition wa! fi$e wa1 be1on t"e 80- a1 'erio 'rovi e b1 $aw? Di#p!#i i!n PE#I#IO; 3E;IE3? CA A++IRME3

SUMMONS Q RULE =9 C!n en #, K-en i##,e), 6( K-!D i##,e) M!)e# !& Se"'ice =. V!*,n %"( Appe%"%nce 8. V!*,n %"( S,6Di##i!n 1. Se"'ice in Pe"#!n 9. S,6# i , e) Se"'ice 4. EC "%- e""i !"i%* Se"'ice /UI/UINTO CREDIT COOPERATIVE, INC V TORRES <? R? ;o? 190-28 C;ARES-SA;#IA<O; Se'te)ber 15, 2008
NATURE Petition for review on certiorari (n er R($e 45 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt of t"e eci!ion an re!o$(tion of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! FACTS -Re!'on ent! Ai a #orre!, ;oni$o #orre!, an S"er1$ Ann #orre!:o$&a o, are )e)ber! of <(i&(into Cre it Coo'erative, Inc? 4<ICCI5? #"e1 avai$e of $oan! fro) t"e coo'erative b(t were (nab$e to 'a1 on t"e (e ate! e!'ite e)an !? -On Marc" 24, 200., 'etitioner fi$e a co)'$aint before t"e R#C of 7($acan for co$$ection of !() of )one1 an a)a&e! -S,DD!n# %+%in# "e#p!n)en # Ke"e #e"'e) -"!,+- -ei" Sec"e %"(, % ce" %in Beni % S. P%+ %*,n%n, K-! "ecei'e) -e #%De !n Ap"i* 88, 8BB1? #"e Ret(rn of S())on! wa! fi$e on A'ri$ 24, 200. b1 Proce!! Server %a$eriano P? 7a ato -On ;ove)ber 1>, 200., 'etitioner fi$e a )otion to ec$are re!'on ent! in efa($t -#C &rante !ai 'etition, t"ereb1 a$$owin& 'etitioner to 're!ent it! evi ence e6-'arte -After 're!entin& 'etitioner0! evi ence e%.parte, t"e tria$ co(rt ren ere 2( &)ent on Se'te)ber 15, 2004, or erin& re!'on ent! to 'a1 'etitioner t"e ff@ 1? +or Ai a #orre!, t"e a)o(nt of P18.,518?>0 fro) A'ri$, 2004 '$(! $e&a$ intere!t (nti$ t"e !ai a)o(nt i! f($$1 'ai ; 2? +or ;oni$o #orre! t"e a)o(nt of P29>,151?5> fro) A'ri$, 2004 '$(! $e&a$ intere!t (nti$ t"e !ai a)o(nt i! f($$1 'ai ; .? +or S"er1$ Ann #orre! t"e a)o(nt of P15,-0.?-. fro) A'ri$, 2004 '$(! $e&a$ intere!t (nti$ t"e !ai a)o(nt i! f($$1 'ai ; 4? #o 'a1 P10,000?00, 2oint$1 an !evera$$1, a! attorne10! fee! 5? Co!t! of !(it? -Petitioner t"ereafter )ove for t"e i!!(ance of a writ of e6ec(tion, w"ic" wa! &rante an accor in&$1, t"e writ of e6ec(tion wa! i!!(e on even ate? -On Ma1 4, 2005, S"eriff +e$i6berto L? Sa)onte $evie re!'on ent!0 "o(!e an $ot an t"e !a)e wa! !c"e ($e to be !o$ at '(b$ic a(ction on ,(ne 9, 2005 w"en t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! i!!(e a te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er? -On A(&(!t 24, 2005, t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! ann($$e t"e 2( &)ent of t"e tria$ co(rt on t"e &ro(n t"at it i not ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on! of re!'on ent! !ince t"e1 were not va$i $1 !erve wit" !())on! an neit"er i t"e1 vo$(ntari$1 a''ear in co(rt? -Accor in& to t"e a''e$$ate co(rt, t"e !ervice of !())on! to Pa&ta$(nan wa! in vio$ation of Section 8, R($e 14 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt beca(!e t"ere wa! no e6'$anation w"1 re!ort to !(b!tit(te !ervice of

8. !())on! wa! )a e? #"(!, t"e a''e$$ate co(rt "e$ t"at re!'on ent! were e'rive of t"eir ri&"t to (e 'roce!!? -#"e Co(rt of A''ea$! enie 'etitioner0! )otion for recon!i eration, "ence, t"i! 'etition ISSUE =O; !())on! wa! not va$i $1 !erve on t"e re!'on ent!, an t"erefore t"e CA correct$1 ann($$e t"e 2( &)ent of t"e R#C HELD Ce!? -S())on! i! a writ b1 w"ic" t"e efen ant i! notifie of t"e action bro(&"t a&ain!t "i)? Service of !(c" writ i! t"e )ean! b1 w"ic" t"e co(rt ac/(ire! 2(ri! iction over "i! 'er!on? ,(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of t"e efen ant i! ac/(ire t"ro(&" coercive 'roce!!, &enera$$1 b1 t"e !ervice of !())on! i!!(e b1 t"e co(rt, or t"ro(&" t"e efen ant0! vo$(ntar1 a''earance or !(b)i!!ion to t"e co(rt? -="ere t"e efen ant i! a nat(ra$ 'er!on, !ervice )a1 be 'er!ona$, !(b!tit(te , b1 '(b$ication an !(c" ot"er )o e of !ervice a! t"e co(rt )a1 ee) !(fficient? -In an action in personam, 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of t"e efen ant i! nece!!ar1 for t"e co(rt to va$i $1 tr1 an eci e t"e ca!e? ,(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of a re!i ent efen ant w"o oe! not vo$(ntari$1 a''ear in co(rt can be ac/(ire b1 'er!ona$ !ervice of !())on! a! 'rovi e (n er Section 9, R($e 14 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt? -I& -e c%nn! 6e pe"#!n%**( #e"'e) Ki - #,DD!n# Ki -in % "e%#!n%6*e iDe, #,6# i , e) #e"'ice D%( 6e D%)e in %cc!")%nce Ki - Sec i!n : !& -e #%i) R,*e. I& -e i# eDp!"%"i*( !, !& -e c!,n "(, %n( !& -e &!**!Kin+ D!)e# !& #e"'ice D%( 6e "e#!" e) !? @=A #,6# i , e) #e"'ice #e &!" - in Sec i!n :< @8A pe"#!n%* #e"'ice !, #i)e -e c!,n "(, Ki - *e%'e !& c!," < @1A #e"'ice 6( p,6*ic% i!n, %*#! Ki - *e%'e !& c!," < !" @9A %n( ! -e" D%nne" -e c!," D%( )eeD #,&&icien . -In t"e!e t1'e! of civi$ action! 4in 'er!ona)5, !())on! on t"e efen ant )(!t be !erve b1 "an in& a co'1 t"ereof to t"e efen ant in 'er!on, or in ca!e of ref(!a$, b1 ten erin& it to "i)? If effort! to fin efen ant 'er!ona$$1 )aAe! 'ro)'t !ervice i)'o!!ib$e, !ervice )a1 be effecte b1 $eavin& co'ie! of t"e !())on! at t"e efen ant0! we$$in& "o(!e or re!i ence wit" !o)e 'er!on of !(itab$e a&e an i!cretion re!i in& t"erein, or b1 $eavin& t"e co'ie! at t"e efen ant0! office or re&($ar '$ace of b(!ine!! wit" !o)e co)'etent 'er!on in c"ar&e t"ereof? -#"e 'ro'er !ervice of !())on! i! a critica$ !te' in $iti&ation beca(!e ('on !(c" !ervice re!t! t"e co(rt0! ac/(i!ition of 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of t"e efen ant? -In t"e ab!ence of a va$i waiver, tria$ an 2( &)ent wit"o(t !(c" !ervice are n($$ an voi ? -In t"e in!tant ca!e, t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! correct$1 r($e t"at !ince !(b!tit(te !ervice wa! avai$e of in $ie( of 'er!ona$ !ervice, t"ere !"o($ be a re'ort !tatin& t"at Pa&ta$(nan wa! one wit" w"o) re!'on ent! "a a re$ation!"i' of tr(!t an confi ence t"at wo($ en!(re t"at t"e $atter wi$$ receive or be notifie of t"e !())on! i!!(e in t"eir na)e!? -#"i! i! beca(!e !(b!tit(te !ervice )a1 on$1 be avai$e of w"en t"e re!'on ent! co($ not be !erve 'er!ona$$1 wit"in a rea!onab$e 'erio of ti)e, an !(c" i)'o!!ibi$it1 of 'ro)'t !ervice )(!t be !"own b1 !tatin& t"at earne!t effort! "ave been )a e to fin t"e re!'on ent! 'er!ona$$1 an t"at !(c" effort! "ave fai$e ? -S(c" re/(ire)ent! (n er Section! 8 an 9 of R($e 14 )(!t be fo$$owe !trict$1, fait"f($$1 an f($$1 in or er not to e'rive an1 'er!on of "i! 'ro'ert1 b1 vio$atin& "i! con!tit(tiona$ ri&"t to (e 'roce!!? #"e !tat(tor1 re/(ire)ent! of !(b!tit(te !ervice )(!t be !trict$1 con!tr(e !ince it i! an e6traor inar1 )et"o of !ervice in ero&ation of 'er!ona$ !ervice of !())on!, avai$e of on$1 (n er certain con ition! i)'o!e b1 t"e R($e! of Co(rt? An1 !(b!tit(te !ervice ot"er t"an t"at a(t"oriBe (n er Section 9 i! ee)e ineffective an contrar1 to $aw? -<rantin& t"at Pa&ta$(nan i! t"e 'er!ona$ !ecretar1 of Ai a #orre!, a! a''earin& in t"e Affi avit of Merit of S"er1$ Ann #orre! an attac"e to t"e Petition of Ann($)ent fi$e before t"e Co(rt of A''ea$!, t"ere i! no !"owin& t"at t"e for)er "a in ee a re$ation!"i' of tr(!t an confi ence wit" t"e t"ree re!'on ent!? I %ppe%"# -% -e p"!ce## #e"'e" -%# i*( %n) c%p"ici!,#*( "e#!" e) ! #,6# i , e) #e"'ice !& #,DD!n# Ki -!, %#ce" %inin+ -e K-e"e%6!, # !& -e "e#p!n)en #. S,c- #e"'ice !& #,DD!n# i# n! 6in)in+ ,p!n "e#p!n)en # N!ni*! %n) S-e"(* Ann T!""e# K-!#e "e*% i!n#-ip Ki - P%+ %*,n%n K%# nei -e" "e%)i*( %#ce" %ine) n!" %)eH,% e*( eCp*%ine) in -e Re ,"n !& S,DD!n#. A*#!, n! e%"ne# e&&!" # Ke"e D%)e ! *!c% e "e#p!n)en Ai)% T!""e# K-! K%# %**e+e)*( K!"7in+ %6"!%) % -e iDe #,DD!n# K%# #e"'e) !n -e" pe"#!n. N! eCp*%n% i!n K%# # % e) in -e Re ,"n K-( #,6# i , e) #e"'ice K%# "e#!" e) ! -"!,+- P%+ %*,n%n. -=it"o(t !'ecif1in& t"e etai$! of t"e atten ant circ()!tance! or of t"e effort! e6erte to !erve t"e !())on!, a &enera$ !tate)ent t"at !(c" effort! were )a e wi$$ not !(ffice for '(r'o!e! of co)'$1in& wit" t"e r($e! of !(b!tit(te !ervice of !())on!? -In t"e in!tant ca!e, t"ere wa! an (n (e, if not in ecent, "a!te to !erve t"e !())on! at t"e fir!t atte)'t wit"o(t )aAin& !(re t"at 'er!ona$ !ervice wa! an i)'o!!ibi$it1 beca(!e eit"er t"e re!'on ent! "a $eft for a forei&n co(ntr1 or an (nAnown e!tination wit" no efinite ate of ret(rnin& wit"in a rea!onab$e 'erio , or "a &one into "i in& to avoi !ervice of an1 'roce!! fro) t"e co(rt!? Since t"e !(b!tit(te !ervice wa! not va$i $1 effecte , t"e tria$ co(rt i not ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on! of t"e re!'on ent!? #"e or er of efa($t, t"e 2( &)ent b1 efa($t, t"e writ of e6ec(tion i!!(e b1 it, a! we$$ a! t"e a(ction !a$e of t"e re!'on ent!0 'ro'ertie! $evie on e6ec(tion are, t"erefore, n($$ an voi ? Disposition. Petition i! enie ?

BONNEVIE V CA @P-i* B%n7 !& C!DDe"ceA /.R. NO. L-9>=B= /UERRERO< Oc !6e" 89, =>:1
NATURE Petition for review on certiorari !eeAin& t"e rever!a$ of t"e CA eci!ion FACTS - :one!to 7onnevie fi$e wit" t"e C+I RiBa$ a co)'$aint a&ain!t P"i$i''ine 7anA of Co))erce !eeAin& -e %nn,*Den !& -e Dee) !& M!" +%+e ate 3ec 8, 1-88 e6ec(te in favor of t"e P7C b1 !'o(!e! LoBano, a! we$$ a! t"e eC "%.,)ici%* &!"ec*!#,"e D%)e on Se't 4, 1-8>? #"e1 a!!ai$ va$i it1 an $e&a$it1 of t"e e6tra2( icia$ forec$o!(re on t"e fo$$owin& &ro(n !@ a5 'etitioner! were never notifie of t"e forec$o!(re !a$e? b5 #"e notice of a(ction !a$e wa! not 'o!te for t"e 'erio re/(ire b1 $aw? c5 '(b$ication of t"e notice of a(ction !a$e in t"e L(Bon =eeA$1 Co(rier wa! not in accor ance wit" $aw? . Gistor!( -o&ano spouses $ere the o$ners of the propert! $hich the! mortgaged to secure the pa!ment of the loan in the principal amount of P)H+ the! $ere a out to o tain from P@C. . +he! then e%ecuted in favor of @onnevie the 3eed of Sale $ith 2ortgage for P1II+# P2H+ of $hich amount eing pa!a le to the -o&ano spouses upon the e%ecution of the document# and the P)H+ to P@C. . 6hen the mortgage $as e%ecuted ! the -o&ano spouses in favor of P@C# the loan of P)H+ $as not !et received them. . 5rom April 2J# 1KL) to *ul! 12# 1KLJ# @onnevie made pa!ments to P@C on the mortgage in the total amount of P1J#KEE.22. @onnevie then assigned all his rights under the 3eed of Sale $ith Assumption of 2ortgage to his rother# intervenor Aaoul. . P@C then applied for the foreclosure of the mortgage# and notice of sale $as pu lished in the -u&on 6ee'l! Courier on *une DI# *ul! )# and *ul! 1E# 1KLJ; auction sale $as conducted a month after# and the propert! $as sold to P@C for PJE#DJ).II. - P7C !'ecifica$$1 enie )o!t of t"e a$$e&ation!@ 4a5 t"at t"e efen ant "a! not &iven it! con!ent to t"e !a$e of t"e )ort&a&e 'ro'ert1; 4b5 t"at t"e e)an $etter! an notice of forec$o!(re were !ent to ,o!e LoBano at "i! a re!!; 4c5 t"at it wa! notifie for t"e fir!t ti)e abo(t t"e a$$e&e !a$e after it "a forec$o!e t"e LoBano )ort&a&e; t"at t"e 'ro'ert1 in /(e!tion re)aine re&i!tere in t"e na)e of LoBano in t"e $an recor ! of RiBa$ an t"ere wa! no entr1, notation or in ication of t"e a$$e&e !a$e? - After 'etitioner :one!to 7onnevie "a re!te "i! ca!e, 'etitioner Rao($ S% 7onnevie fi$e a )otion for intervention, w"ic" wa! &rante ? - C+I i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint? M+R wa! a$!o enie ? CA affir)e ? ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"e )ort&a&e e6ec(te b1 t"e LoBano! in favor of P7C i! va$i 2? =O; e6tra2( icia$ forec$o!(re i! va$i

84 HELD 1? CES Reasoning A )ort&a&e fo$$ow! t"e 'ro'ert1 w"oever t"e 'o!!e!!or )a1 be an !(b2ect! t"e f($fi$$)ent of t"e ob$i&ation for w"o!e !ec(rit1 it wa! con!tit(te ? Petitioner! vo$(ntari$1 a!!()e it an are, t"erefore, e!to''e fro) i)'(&nin& it! va$i it1? #"e1 i not !ec(re t"e con!ent of re!'on ent 7anA to t"e !a$e wit" a!!()'tion of )ort&a&e? 2? CES Reasoning Ac N!. 1=14 )!e# n! "eH,i"e pe"#!n%* n! ice !n -e D!" +%+!".=1 :one!to 7onnevie wa! not entit$e to an1 notice beca(!e a! of Ma1 14, 1-8>, "e "a tran!ferre an a!!i&ne a$$ "i! ri&"t! an intere!t! in favor of intervenor Rao($ wit"o(t infor)in& t"e 7anA? - A$!o, 'etitioner! were '$ace on con!tr(ctive notice? #"e notice of !a$e wa! '(b$i!"e in t"e L(Bon Co(rier on ,(ne .0, ,($1 9 an ,($1 14, 1-8> an notice! of t"e !a$e were 'o!te for not $e!! t"an twent1 a1! in at $ea!t t"ree 4.5 '(b$ic '$ace! in t"e M(nici'a$it1 w"ere t"e 'ro'ert1 i! $ocate ? Act ;o? .1.5 )ere$1 re/(ire! t"at !(c" notice !"a$$ be '(b$i!"e once a weeA for at $ea!t t"ree con!ec(tive weeA!? S(c" '"ra!e, a! inter'rete b1 t"i! Co(rt in 7a!a v!? Merca o oe! not )ean t"at notice !"o($ be '(b$i!"e for t"ree f($$ weeA!? - #o be a new!'a'er of &enera$ circ($ation, it i! eno(&" t"at *it i! '(b$i!"e for t"e i!!e)ination of $oca$ new! an &enera$ infor)ation; t"at it "a! a bona fi e !(b!cri'tion $i!t of 'a1in& !(b!criber!; t"at it i! '(b$i!"e at re&($ar interva$!?* #"e new!'a'er nee not "ave t"e $ar&e!t circ($ation !o $on& a! it i! of &enera$ circ($ation? - W-e -e" !" n! -e n! ice !& %,c i!n #%*e K%# p!# e) &!" -e pe"i!) "eH,i"e) 6( *%K i# % H,e# i!n !& &%c . It can no $on&er be entertaine b1 t"i! Co(rt? ;evert"e$e!!, t"e recor ! !"ow t"at co'ie! of !ai notice were 'o!te in t"ree con!'ic(o(! '$ace! in t"e )(nici'a$it1 of Pa!i&, RiBa$ na)e$1@ t"e :a$$ of ,(!tice, t"e Pa!i& M(nici'a$ MarAet an Pa!i& M(nici'a$ :a$$? - A !in&$e act of 'o!tin& 4w"ic" )a1 even e6ten be1on t"e 'erio re/(ire b1 $aw5 !ati!fie! t"e re/(ire)ent of $aw? #"e b(r en of 'rovin& t"at t"e 'o!tin& re/(ire)ent wa! not co)'$ie wit" i! now !"ifte to t"e one w"o a$$e&e! non-co)'$iance? Disposition #"e a''ea$ bein& evoi of )erit, t"e eci!ion of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! i! "ereb1 A++IRME3? Co!t! a&ain!t 'etitioner!? &ro(n ! t"at t"e1 were )ere *'a'er tra in& in f(t(re!* a! no act(a$ e$iver1 of t"e cocon(t oi$ wa! a$$e&e $1 inten e b1 t"e 'artie!; t"at t"e 7oar of 3irector! of I%O re)ove Montever e fro) "i! 'o!ition a! 're!i ent of t"e cor'oration, na)e in "i! '$ace, Ro ri&o Montever e, an i!owne 3o)ina orD! a$$e&e $1 i$$e&a$ an (na(t"oriBe act!; t"at t"e efen ant! "ave a$$e&e $1 *"ara!!e * I%O to co)'$1 wit" 3o)ina orD! contract! an to co)e to a !ett$e)ent wit" t"e)? 470 pra!ed for the issuance of a temporar! restraining order or $rit of preliminar! injunction to !to' t"e efen ant! fro) "ara!!in& I%O wit" t"eir in!i!tent e)an ! to reco&niBe t"e contract! entere into b1 3o)ina or an fro) 'ortra1in& t"e I%O a! one t"at efa($t! on it! contract! an ob$i&ation! an "a! fa$$en into ba ti)e! an fro) interferin& wit" I%OD! nor)a$ con (ct of b(!ine!!? I%O a$!o 'ra1e t"at t"e efen ant! 'a1 it a)a&e! wort" )ore t"an P21M? - Re!'on ent ,( &e Soriano a(t"oriBe I%O to effect e6traterritoria$ !ervice of !())on! to a$$ t"e efen ant! t"ro(&" 3:L P"i$i''ine! Cor'? P(r!(ant to t"at or er, t"e 'etitioner! were !erve wit" !())on! an co'1 of t"e co)'$aint b1 3:L co(rier !ervice? - On A'ri$ 25, 1->9, wit"o(t !(b)ittin& to t"e co(rtD! 2(ri! iction an on$1 for t"e '(r'o!e of ob2ectin& to !ai 2(ri! iction over t"eir 'er!on!, t"e 'etitioner! fi$e )otion! to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint a&ain!t t"e) on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e e6traterritoria$ !ervice of !())on! to t"e) wa! i)'ro'er an t"at "ence t"e co(rt i not ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e)? #"e co(rt enie t"eir )otion! to i!)i!! an ('"e$ t"e va$i it1 of t"e e6traterritoria$ !ervice of !())on! to t"e) on t"e &ro(n t"at *t"e 're!ent action re$ate! to 'ro'ert1 ri&"t! w"ic" $ie in contract! wit"in t"e P"i$i''ine!, or w"ic" efen ant! c$ai) $ien! or intere!t!, act(a$ or inc"oate, $e&a$ or e/(itab$e? An one of t"e re$ief! e)an e con!i!t!, w"o$$1 or in 'art, in e6c$( in& t"e efen ant! fro) an1 intere!t in !(c" 'ro'ert1 for t"e rea!on t"at t"eir tran!action! wit" '$aintiffD! for)er 're!i ent are ultra vires?* +(rt"er)ore, *a! forei&n cor'oration! oin& b(!ine!! in t"e P"i$i''ine! wit"o(t a $icen!e, t"e1 o'ene t"e)!e$ve! to !(it before P"i$i''ine co(rt!, '(r!(ant to Sec? 1.. of t"e Cor'oration Co e of t"e P"i$i''ine!?* #"e 'etitioner!D )otion! for recon!i eration of t"at or er were a$!o enie b1 t"e co(rt? :ence t"i! 'etition for certiorari wit" a 'ra1er for t"e i!!(ance of a te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er? ISSUE =O; t"e e6tra territoria$ !ervice of !())on! wa! 'ro'er HELD NO. Section 19, R($e 14 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt 'rovi e! on$1 4 in!tance! in w"ic" e6traterritoria$ !ervice of !())on! i! 'ro'er, na)e$1@ I@=A K-en -e %c i!n %&&ec # -e pe"#!n%* # % ,# !& -e p*%in i&&#< @8A K-en -e %c i!n "e*% e# !, !" -e #,6.ec !& K-ic- i#, p"!pe" ( Ki -in -e P-i*ippine#, in K-ic- -e )e&en)%n -%# !" c*%iD# % *ien !" in e"e# , %c ,%* !" c!n in+en < @1A K-en -e "e*ie& )eD%n)e) in #,c- %c i!n c!n#i# #, K-!**( !" in p%" , in eCc*,)in+ -e )e&en)%n &"!D %n( in e"e# in p"!pe" ( *!c% e) in -e P-i*ippine#< %n) @9A K-en -e )e&en)%n n!n-"e#i)en J# p"!pe" ( -%# 6een % %c-e) Ki -in -e P-i*ippine#I #"e co)'$aint in t"i! ca!e oe! not invo$ve t"e 'er!ona$ !tat(! of t"e '$aintiff, nor an1 'ro'ert1 in t"e P"i$i''ine! in w"ic" t"e efen ant! "ave or c$ai) an intere!t, or w"ic" t"e '$aintiff "a! attac"e ? #"e action i! '(re$1 an action for in2(nction to re!train t"e efen ant! fro) enforcin& a&ain!t I%O 4*ab(!in& an "ara!!in&*5 it! contract! for t"e e$iver1 of cocon(t oi$ to t"e efen ant!, an to recover fro) t"e efen ant! P21 )i$$ion in a)a&e! for !(c" *"ara!!)ent?* I i# c*e%"*( % pe"#!n%* %c i!n %# Ke** %# %n %c i!n in persona$, n! %n %c i!n in "eD !" *uasi in re$. "An action in personam is an action against a person on the asis of his personal lia ilit!# $hile an action in remedies is an action against the thing itself# instead of against the person." A personal action is one rought for the recover! of personal propert!# for the enforcement of some contract or recover! of damages for its reach# or for the recover! of damages for the commission of an injur! to the person or propert!. !s the civil case filed is a personal action( personal or su&stituted service of su$$ons on the defendants( not e traterritorial service( is necessar% to confer jurisdiction on the court. MoranD! Co))ent! on t"e R($e! of Co(rt@ A! a &enera$ r($e, w"en t"e efen ant i! not re!i in& an i! not fo(n in t"e P"i$i''ine!, t"e P"i$i''ine co(rt! cannot tr1 an1 ca!e a&ain!t "i) beca(!e of t"e i)'o!!ibi$it1 of ac/(irin& 2(ri! iction over "i! 'er!on (n$e!! "e vo$(ntari$1 a''ear! in co(rt? 7(t, w"en t"e action affect! t"e

DIAL CORPORATION ' SORIANO @RTC J,)+eA BB SCRA BB /RINO-AEUINO< M%( 1=, =>::
NATURE Petition for certiorari wit" a 'ra1er for t"e i!!(ance of a te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er FACTS - #"e 'etitioner! 4 3ia$ Cor'?, C N # Refiner1 Inc?, ;a$in ! n? b"b? 7eri!for Co))o itie!, Lt ?, an Pacific Mo$a!!e! Co?5 are forei&n cor'oration! 4IS, IU an Ma$a1!ia5? #"e1 are not o)ici$e in t"e P"i$i''ine!, nor o t"e1 "ave officer! or a&ent!, '$ace of b(!ine!!, or 'ro'ert1 in t"e P"i$i''ine!; t"e1 are not $icen!e to en&a&e, an are not en&a&e , in b(!ine!! "ere? #"e re!'on ent I)'eria$ %e&etab$e Oi$ Co?, Inc? 4I%O5 i! a P"i$i''ine cor'oration w"ic" t"ro(&" it! 're!i ent, 3o)ina or Montever e, "a entere into !evera$ contract! for t"e e$iver1 of cocon(t oi$ to t"e 'etitioner!? #"o!e contract! !ti'($ate t"at an1 i!'(te between t"e 'artie! wi$$ be !ett$e t"ro(&" arbitration (n er t"e r($e! of eit"er t"e +e eration of Oi$! See ! an +at! A!!ociation 4+OS+A5 or t"e ;ationa$ In!tit(te of Oi$ See Pro (ct! 4;IOP5? 7eca(!e I%O efa($te (n er t"e contract!, t"e 'etitioner! an 15 ot"er!, initiate arbitration 'rocee in&! abroa , an !o)e "ave a$rea 1 obtaine arbitration awar ! a&ain!t I%O? - On A'ri$ >, 1->9, I%O fi$e a co)'$aint for in2(nction an a)a&e! 4R#C Mani$a5 a&ain!t 1- forei&n cocon(t oi$ b(1er! inc$( in& t"e 'etitioner!, wit" w"o) 3o)ina or "a entere into contract! for t"e e$iver1 of cocon(t oi$? I%O re'( iate 3o)ina orD! contract! on t"e
13

Section .? ;otice !"a$$ be &iven b1 'o!tin& notice! of t"e !a$e for not $e!! t"an twent1 a1! in at $ea!t t"ree '(b$ic '$ace! of t"e )(nici'a$it1 or cit1 w"ere t"e 'ro'ert1 i! !it(ate , an if !(c" 'ro'ert1 i! wort" )ore t"an fo(r "(n re 'e!o!, !(c" notice !"a$$ a$!o be '(b$i!"e once a weeA for at $ea!t t"ree con!ec(tive weeA! in a new!'a'er of &enera$ circ($ation in t"e )(nici'a$it1 or cit1?

85 'er!ona$ !tat(! of t"e '$aintiff re!i in& in t"e P"i$i''ine!, or i! inten e to !eiBe or i!'o!e of an1 'ro'ert1, rea$ or 'er!ona$, of t"e efen ant $ocate in t"e P"i$i''ine!, it )a1 be va$i $1 trie b1 t"e P"i$i''ine co(rt!, for t"en, t"e1 "ave 2(ri! iction over t"e re!, i?e?, t"e 'er!ona$ !tat(! of t"e '$aintiff or t"e 'ro'ert1 of t"e efen ant an t"eir 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of t"e non-re!i ent efen ant i! not e!!entia$? %en(e in !(c" ca!e! )a1 be $ai in t"e 'rovince w"ere t"e 'ro'ert1 of t"e efen ant or a 'art t"ereof invo$ve in t"e $iti&ation i! $ocate ? 4n an action for injunction# e%traterritorial service of summons and complaint upon the non.resident defendants cannot su ject them to the processes of the regional trial courts $hich are po$erless to reach them outside the region over $hich the! e%ercise their authorit! =Sec. D.a# 4nterim Aules of Court; Sec. 21# su par. 1# @.P. @lg. 12K>. E%traterritorial service of summons $ill not confer on the court jurisdiction or po$er to compel them to o e! its orders. ?either ma! the court ! e%traterritorial service of summons ac,uire jurisdiction to render and enforce a mone! judgment against a non. resident defendant $ho has no propert! in the Philippines for "the fundamental rule is that jurisdiction in personam over non.residents# so as to sustain a mone! judgment# must e ased upon personal service $ithin the state $hich renders the judgment ." Re!'on ent!D contention t"at *t"e action be$ow i! re$ate to 'ro'ert1 wit"in t"e P"i$i''ine!, !'ecifica$$1 contract(a$ ri&"t! t"at 'etitioner! are enforcin& a&ain!t I%O* i! !'ecio(! for the "contractual rights" of the petitioners are not propert! found in the Philippines for the petitioners have not filed an action in the local courts to enforce said rights. +he! have not su mitted to the jurisdiction of our courts. #"e $ower co(rt invoAe Section .. of t"e Cor'oration Co e w"ic" 'rovi e! t"at a *forei&n cor'oration tran!actin& b(!ine!! in t"e P"i$i''ine! wit"o(t a $icen!e )a1 be !(e or 'rocee e a&ain!t before P"i$i''ine co(rt! or a )ini!trative trib(na$ on an1 va$i ca(!e of action reco&niBe (n er P"i$i''ine $aw!?* It a!!()e t"at t"e 'etitioner! are oin& b(!ine!! in t"e P"i$i''ine!, w"ic" a$$e&ation t"e $atter enie ? Even if t"e1 can be con!i ere a! !(c", t"e Cor'oration Co e i not re'ea$ t"e r($e! re/(irin& 'ro'er !ervice of !())on! to !(c" cor'oration! a! 'rovi e in R($e 14 of t"e ROC an Section 12> of t"e Cor'oration Co e? #"e re!'on ent co(rtD! fin in& t"at, b1 fi$in& )otion! to i!)i!!, t"e 'etitioner! "1'ot"etica$$1 a )itte t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint t"at t"e1 are oin& b(!ine!! in t"e P"i$i''ine! wit"o(t an1 $icen!e, an t"at t"e1 )a1 be !erve wit" !())on! an ot"er co(rt 'roce!!e! t"ro(&" t"eir a&ent! or re're!entative! en()erate in 'ara&ra'" 2 of t"e co)'$aint, i! contra icte b1 it! or er a(t"oriBin& I%O to !())on t"e) b1 e6traterritoria$ !ervice, a )o e of !ervice w"ic" i! re!orte to w"en t"e efen ant i! not fo(n in t"e P"i$i''ine!, oe! not tran!act b(!ine!! "ere, an "a! no re!i ent a&ent on w"o) t"e !())on! )a1 be !erve ? Disposition. #"e e6traterritoria$ !ervice of !())on! on t"e 'etitioner! i! "e$ to be i)'ro'er, "ence n($$ an voi ? #"e 'etition for certiorari i! &rante ? #"e or er! of ,( &e Soriano are !et a!i e? #"e co)'$aint i! i!)i!!e a! a&ain!t t"e 'etitioner! for fai$(re of t"e co(rt to ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e)? -3e'(t1 S"eriff of RiBa$ notifie +r? Ma6i)o of t"e i!!(ance of writ of e6ec(tion an e)an e 'a1)ent? Ret(rn to writ e6're!!e t"at +r? Ma6i)o i! Ffinancia$$1 "ar ('L an "a no 'ro'ert1? A$ia! writ of e6ec(tion i!!(e ? Co'1 receive b1 +r? Ma6i)o? 3e'(t1 S"eriff attac"e an $evie on a re!i entia$ "o(!e in Ca$oocan a$$e&e $1 be$on&in& to +r? Ma6i)o? -After 2 1ear!, 2 )ont"!, +r? Ma6i)o a )itte $1 $earne of $ower co(rt0! eci!ion an fi$e for A;;ILME;# O+ E;#IRE PROCEE3I;<S on verifie )otion on t"e &ro(n ! t"at t"e !())on! were not ($1 !erve 4ba!e on t"en Sec?9, R($e 9 an Sec1>, R($e 14 of ROC5 t"erefore, t"e co(rt i not ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over "i! 'er!on !o t"e tria$ an t"e eci!ion were n($$ an voi ? :i! verifie )otion wa! enie , M+R wa! re2ecte ? ISSUE =O; t"e !())on! in a !(it in 'er!ona) a&ain!t a re!i ent of t"e P"i$i''ine! te)'orari$1 ab!ent )a1 be va$i $1 effecte b1 !(b!tit(te !ervice (n er Sec? > R($e 14 4on re!i ent! te)'orari$1 o(t of t"e P"i$i''ine!5 HELD 3ON %"+,Den -% Sec=: @in "e*% i!n ! #ec=2A i# -e #!*e p"!'i#i!n -% +!'e"n# #,DD!n# ,p!n % )e&en)%n eDp!"%"i*( %6#en in %n %c i!n in pe"#!n%D? !(b!tit(te !ervice M o(t of t"e P"i$i''ine! - i! b(t one of t"e )o e! of effective !ervice to brin& a efen ant in co(rt? #"e nor)a$ )et"o of !ervice of !())on! on one te)'orari$1 ab!ent i! b1 !(b!tit(te !ervice? Per!ona$ !ervice o(t!i e t"e co(ntr1 an !ervice b1 '(b$ication are not or inar1 )ean! of !())onin& efen ant!? -in !(it! in 'er!ona), t"e )ore circ(ito(! 'roce (re e$ineate in Section! 19 an 1> i! re!orte to b1 a '$aintiff if efen ant0! we$$in& "o(!e or re!i ence or '$ace of b(!ine!! in t"i! co(ntr1 i! not Anown; or, if Anown, !ervice ('on "i) cannot be "a t"ereat ('on t"e ter)! of Sec>? Since 'er!ona$ !ervice i! i)'o!!ib$e, re!ort to !(b!tit(te !ervice beco)e! a nece!!it1? RO; fact t"at 2( &)ent "a! been $on& fina$@ t"e 2( &)ent en2o1! t"e 're!()'tion of re&($arit1? It i!, (n$e!! !triAen own, entit$e to re!'ect? ?on ,uieta movere. 7eca(!e F'(b$ic 'o$ic1 an !o(n 'ractice e)an t"at, at t"e ri!A of occa!iona$ error!, 2( &)ent! of co(rt! !"o($ beco)e fina$ at !o)e efinite ate fi6e b1 $aw?L Disposition. Or er! affir)e ?

DE MID/ELY VS FERANDOS 59 SCRA 81 AEUINO, M%( =1, =>24

NATURE Ori&ina$ Action!? Certiorari an conte)'t? FACTS - H(e)a a, a$$e&e $1 t"e i$$e&iti)ate !on of A$varo Pa!tor, Sr?, wa! a''ointe a! !'ecia$ a )ini!trator of t"e $atter0! e!tate b1 t"e C+I of Ceb(? A! !(c", "e fi$e a co)'$aint a&ain!t "i! "a$f !ib$in&!, t"e !'o(!e! A$varo Pa!tor, ,r? an Maria E$ena Ac"ava$, an Sofia Mi &e$1, w"o were a$$ at t"at ti)e citiBen! of S'ain an re!i in& in t"at co(ntr1? #"e !(it a$!o na)e At$a! Minin& a! co-re!'on ent? #"e !(it wa! to !ett$e t"e /(e!tion of owner!"i' over certain 'ro'ertie! an ri&"t! in !o)e )inin& c$ai)! a! H(e)a a be$ieve t"at t"o!e 'ro'ertie! be$on& to t"e e!tate of A$varo Pa!tor, Sr? - H(e)a a, on "i! own, ca(!e e6traterritoria$ !ervice of !())on! to be )a e t"ro(&" t"e 3e'art)ent of +orei&n Affair! an t"e P"i$i''ine E)ba!!1 in Ma ri , S'ain, w"ic" effecte t"e !ervice of t"e !())on! t"ro(&" re&i!tere )ai$ ('on 3e Mi &e$1 an Pa!tor, ,r? at t"eir re!'ective a re!!e! in A$icante an 7arce$ona? - 7ot" 3e Mi &e$1 an Pa!tor entere a !'ecia$ a''earance an fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n of $acA of 2(ri! iction a! t"e1 are nonre!i ent!? #"e1 f(rt"er a$$e&e t"at earne!t effort! towar a co)'ro)i!e "ave not been )a e a! re/(ire in t"e Civi$ Co e in !(it! between )e)ber! of t"e !a)e fa)i$1, #"e )otion wa! enie b1 ,( &e +eran o! an "e r($e t"at t"e re!'on ent! were 'ro'er$1 !())one ? - #"e !(b!e/(ent )otion for recon!i eration wa! enie b1 +eran o! in icatin& in t"e or er t"at t"e action of H(e)a a wa! for t"e recover1 of rea$ 'ro'ert1 an rea$ ri&"t!? #"e re!'on ent! were in!tr(cte to fi$e

MONTALBAN V. MAOIMO 88 SCRA =B2B SANCHEZ, M%"c- =4, =>5:

NATURE A''ea$ fro) t"e or er! of C+I Mani$a FACTS -+r? <erar o Ma6i)o wa! invo$ve in a )otor ve"ic$e acci ent w"ere t"e !on of t"e 'etitioner! !(ffere in2(rie!? Petitioner! fi$e !(it a&ain!t +r? Ma6i)o for a)a&e!? S())on! were !erve at t"e Ma$abon Pari!" w"ere +r? Ma6i)o wa! a$$e&e $1 re!i in&? :owever, +r? Ma6i)o wa! in E(ro'e w"en t"e !())on! were !erve , +r? 7a(ti!ta wa! t"e one w"o receive t"e !())on!? +r? 7a(ti!ta wrote to t"e C$erA of Co(rt of C+I Mani$a infor)in& "i) t"at +r? Ma6i)o wa! in E(ro'e? -On P$aintiff0! )otion, $ower co(rt ec$are +r? Ma6i)o in efa($t, !entence +r? Ma6i)o to 'a1 for a)a&e!? #"e Monta$ban! even wrote to +r? Ma6i)o at t"e Ma$abon Cat"o$ic C"(rc" infor)in& "i) of t"e $ower co(rt0! eci!ion an re/(e!tin& "i to co)'$1 wit" t"e eci!ion? +r? Ma6i)o re'$ie t"at "e wa! not aware of t"e civi$ ca!e a&ain!t "i) an t"at "e wa! ac/(itte in t"e cri)ina$ ca!e?

88 t"eir an!wer? - 3e Mi &e$1 fi$e t"i! action wit" t"e S('re)e Co(rt? ISSUE0S =O; ,( &e +eran o! &rave$1 ab(!e "i! i!cretion in en1in& 3e Mi &e$10! )otion to i!)i!!e ba!e on t"e $acA of 2(ri! iction over "er 'er!on? HELD ;o? #"e fact t"at !"e a$$e&e a! a &ro(n for i!)i!!a$ t"e $acA of earne!t effort to co)'ro)i!e i! ee)e a! aban on)ent of "er !'ecia$ a''earance an a! vo$(ntar1 !(b)i!!ion to t"e co(rt! 2(ri! iction? F="en t"e a''earance i! b1 )otion for t"e '(r'o!e of ob2ectin& to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over t"e 'er!on, it )(!t be for t"e !o$e an !e'arate '(r'o!e of ob2ectin& to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt? If t"e )otion i! for an1 ot"er '(r'o!e t"an to ob2ect to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over "i! 'er!on, "e t"ereb1 !(b)it! "i)!e$f to t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt, - Even if t"e $ower co(rt i not ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over 3e Mi &e$1, "er )otion to i!)i!! wa! 'ro'er$1 enie beca(!e H(e)a a0! action a&ain!t "er )a1be re&ar e a! a /(a!i in re) w"ere 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of a non-re!i ent efen ant i! not nece!!ar1 an w"ere t"e !ervice of !())on! i! re/(ire on$1 for t"e '(r'o!e of co)'$1in& wit" t"e re/(ire)ent of (e 'roce!!? H(a!i in re) i! an action between 'artie! w"ere t"e irect ob2ect i! to reac" an i!'o!e of 'ro'ert1 owe b1 t"e 'artie! or of !o)e intere!t t"erein? - #"e SC cite t"e PerAin! ca!e a! a 'rece ent? In t"at ca!e, it r($e t"at in a /(a!i in re) action 2(ri! iction over a non re!i ent efen ant i! not e!!entia$? #"e !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication i! re/(ire )ere$1 to !ati!f1 t"e con!tit(tiona$ re/(ire)ent of (e 'roce!!? #"e 2( &)ent of t"e co(rt wo($ !ett$e t"e tit$e to t"e 'ro'ertie! an to t"at e6tent it 'artaAe! of t"e nat(re of 2( &)ent in re)? #"e 2( &)ent i! confine to t"e re! 4'ro'ertie!5 an no 'er!ona$ 2( &)ent co($ be ren ere a&ain!t t"e non re!i ent? It !"o($ be note t"at t"e civi$ ca!e fi$e b1 H(e)a a i! re$ate to a te!ta)entar1 'rocee in& a! it wa! fi$e for t"e '(r'o!e of recoverin& t"e 'ro'ertie! w"ic" in t"e (n er!tan in& of H(e)a a, be$on&e to t"e e!tate of t"e Late Pa!tor, Sr? an w"ic" were "e$ b1 3e Mi &e$1 an "er brot"er? Disposition Petition i! i!)i!!e wa! Abe$ for fai$in& to an!wer t"e co)'$aint? #"e co(rt ren ere 2( &)ent a&ain!t Abe$, or erin& "i) to 'a1 P-9,088?54e/(iva$ent to 25J of t"e 'rinci'a$ ob$i&ation (e a! $i/(i ate a)a&e! K 25J a! attorne1D! fee!5? -'etitioner e$evate t"e ca!e to t"e IAC 4+eb? 29, 1->55 w"ic" &rante "er 'etition for certiorari wit" 'ro"ibition an !et a!i e t"e #CD! afore!ai eci!ion, r($in& t"at 'etitioner wa! e'rive of o''ort(nit1 to 're!ent evi ence 4inc$( in& evi ence !"e an Abe$ "a been $ivin& !e'arate$1 !ince 1-905? +i$inve!t fi$e a 'etition for review wit" t"e SC w"ic" wa! enie ? +i$inve!t fi$e a )otion for $eave to !erve !())on! b1 '(b$icatio on Abe$, w"ic" t"e co(rt &rante , !tatin& t"at '(r!(ant to Sec? 19, R($e 14, *t"e !())on! be effecte o(t of t"e P"i$!? b1 '(b$ication in a new!'a'er of &enera$ circ($ation in t"e P"i$!?, to w"ic" t"i! )atter )a1 be a!!i&ne after (e raff$e, for . !(cce!!ive a1!? Sai efen ant wa! or ere to fi$e "i! an!wer in Co(rt wit"in a rea!onab$e ti)e 4not $e!! t"an 80 a1! after notice5; t"at t"e CoC !en co'ie! of t"e !())on! an ti$$! Or er b1 re&i!tere )ai$ to $a!t Anown a re!! of !ai efen ant in La! Pina!? P$aintiff i! or ere to i)'$ea Ra$$1e a! co- efen ant wit"in 1 )ont" fro) notice?* -+i$inve!t fi$e an a)en e co)'$aint, t"i! ti)e i)'$ea in& 'etitioner an Ra$$1e a! a itiona$ efen ant!? Re!'on ent co(rt a )itte t"e a)en e co)'$aint an irecte !ervice of !())on! an t"e co)'$aint ('on Abe$ at a ifferent $a!t Anown a re!! in Anti'o$o? S())on! wa! !(''o!e $1 !erve on Abe$ t"ro(&" '(b$ication in t"e Mani$a Evenin& Po!t accor in& to t"e affi avit of '(b$ication of it! 're!i ent, wit" a conf(!in& entr1 in t"e notice of or er w"ic" !tate t"e La! Pina! a re!!, contra ictin& t"e Anti'o$o a re!! !tate b1 t"e #C? Petitioner fi$e "er an!wer to t"e a)en e co)'$aint? Abe$ an Ra$$1e fi$e no an!wer, !o +i$inve!t fi$e a )otion to ec$are t"e) in efa($t w"ic" re!'on ent ,( &e Ma a1a& of t"e R#C of MaAati &rante , b(t not a! to Ra$$1e !ince !())on! "a not been !erve ('on it? Petitoner went on certiorari to t"e CA 4+eb? 8, 1->95, a!!ai$in& a! &rave ab(!e of i!cretion t"e ec$aration of efa($t of Abe$; CA i!)i!!e t"e 'etition an a !(b!e/(ent M+R, "ence t"i! 'etiton? ISSUE 1? =O; re!'on ent co(rt ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over Abe$ b1 t"e '(b$ication of !())on! in t"e Mani$a Evenin& Po!t HELD 1? CES Ratio A! a nonre!i ent efen ant, an !ince t"e !(it invo$ve! rea$ 'ro'ert1 w"erein t"e efen ant o!ten!ib$1 "a! an intere!t an w"ic" t"e 'ro'ert1 "a! in fact been attac"e at t"e in!tance of 'rivate re!'on ent, t"e co(rt correct$1 or ere t"e !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication in a new!'a'er of &enera$ circ($ation in !(c" '$ace! an for !(c" ti)e a! t"e co(rt )a1 or er? A$t"o(&" it wo($ a''ear t"at '(b$ication !"o($ "ave been )a e in a new!'a'er in t"e IS a! it wo($ )o!t $iAe$1 &ive notice to Abe$, !(c" a !wee'in& octrine wo($ virt(a$$1 (n!ett$e a $on& !tan in& inter'retation of t"e afore!ai r($e on e6traterritoria$ !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication, a! we$$ a! it! i)'$e)entation !anctione b1 t"e 'ractice fo$$owe in t"i! 2(ri! iction? Reasoning #"e in!tant ca!e i! ba!e on t"e attac")ent of efen antD! 'ro'ert1, an a! !(c" i! an action /(a!i in re), w"erein !())on! b1 '(b$ication i! a$$owe ? S(c" i! ca$$e con!tr(ctive or !(b!tit(te !ervice, w"ic" oe! not con!tit(te a !ervice of 'roce!! in an1 tr(e !en!e b(t !erve! a! a )ean! w"ereb1 t"e owner )a1 be a )oni!"e t"at "i! 'ro'ert1 i! !(b2ect to 2( icia$ 'rocee in&! an t"at "e !"o($ taAe !te'! a! "e !ee! fit to 'rotect it? S(c" i! re/(ire to '"1!ica$$1 ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of t"e efen ant an for '(r'o!e! of fair '$a1 b1 infor)in& "i) of t"e 'en enc1 of t"e action a&ain!t "i)? Even t"en, t"ere i! no &(arantee t"at t"e ab!ent owner !"a$$ receive t"e act(a$ notice; a! !(c", (n er $aw, act(a$ notice i! not con!i ere to be ab!o$(te$1 nece!!ar1 4a! "e$ in 7anco E!'ano$5? Con!i erin& t"i!, '(b$ication in t"e IS wo($ be a$$ t"e )ore iffic($t a! Abe$D! e6act $ocation i! (nAnown; to "ave at "an t"e avai$ab$e new!'a'er!, re!earc" t"e $aw! &overnin& 2( icia$ 'roce!!e! in eac" !tate wo($ be too ta6in& for t"e #C? Sti$$, it wa! "e$ in 3e 2idgel! t"at in action! /(a!i in re), 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of t"e nonre!i ent a$ien i! not e!!entia$ an !ervice of !())on! i! on$1 re/(ire to !ati!f1 (e 'roce!!? Re$ief in an action a&ain!t a nonre!i ent efen ant w"o c"oo!e! not to !(b)it "i)!e$f to P"i$?

SAHA/UN V CA @MADAYA/0FILINVEST CREDIT CORP.A /.R. NO. 2:18: RE/ALADO< J,ne 1 =>>=
NATURE Petition for certiorari FACTS - It wa! a$$e&e t"at 'etitionerD! !'o(!e, Abe$ Sa"a&(n 4A$ia! Abe$ar o5, )ana&er of Ra$$1e Motor Co?, Inc? 4Ra$$1e5, )a e it a''ear t"at "i! co)'an1 "a !o$ a )otor ve"ic$e to Sa$aBar w"o i!!(e a 'ro)i!!or1 note for t"e 'rice an e6ec(te a! !ec(rit1 a c"atte$ )ort&a&e on !ai ve"ic$e in favor of Ra$$1e? Ra$$1e, t"ro(&" Abe$, a!!i&ne t"e note an c"atte$ to +i$inve!t for va$(ab$e con!i eration? ="en t"e note )at(re , Sa$aBar fai$e to 'a1, co)'e$$in& +i$inve!t to !(e? :owever, +i$inve!t fo(n t"at t"e )ort&a&e car "a not been e$ivere to Sa$aBar b1 Abe$? A writ of attac")ent wa! i!!(e an $evie on a "o(!e an $ot in La! Pina!, re&i!tere in Abe$D! na)e? Petitioner "a been contin(o(!$1 re!i in& in !ai "o(!e an c$ai)! owner!"i', "avin& a$$e&e $1 'ai for it wit" "er own earnin&!? -#"e #C enie t"e re!'on entD! )otion to ec$are Abe$ in efa($t b(t irecte it to *taAe !te'! to effect !ervice of !())on! an co)'$aint ('on efen ant, w"o!e w"ereabo(t! in t"e IS wa! (nAnown? #"e #C $ater i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint of +i$inve!t for fai$(re to !erve !())on! e6tra-territoria$$1 ('on Abe$ e!'ite !ai or er? +i$inve!t fi$e an M+R 'ra1in& t"at !ai or er be recon!i ere an !et a!i e an t"at Abe$ be ec$are in efa($t an to en1 'etitionerD! )otion for $eave? #C &rante 'etitioner ti)e to fi$e intervention an enie t"e )otion to ec$are Abe$ in efa($t? Petitioner intervene , /(e!tionin& t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e #C? Petitioner wa! ec$are in efa($t for fai$(re to a''ear, a!

89 co(rt! i! $i)ite to t"e re!? -#"ere i! no !'ecific 'ro!cri'tion a&ain!t re!ortin& to forei&n '(b$ication in t"e '$ace w"ere t"e efen ant re!i e!, b(t '(b$ication in a $oca$ new!'a'er !"o($ not a$to&et"er be inter icte !ince t"e r($e !'ecifica$$1 a(t"oriBe! !ervice of !())on! *in !(c" '$ace! an for !(c" ti)e a! t"e co(rt concerne )a1 or er*? #"e )atter !"o($ be $eft to t"e !o(n i!cretion of t"e #C in eac" 'artic($ar ca!e !ince it "a! t"e fact! before it? Sti$$, t"e '(b$ication in t"e Mani$a Evenin& Po!t wa! efective a! t"ere wa! no !"owin& t"at co'ie! of t"e !())on! an t"e a)en e co)'$aint were ($1 !erve at t"e efen antD! $a!t Anow correct a re!!? -#"e Co(rt i! not inc$ine to i!)i!! t"e ca!e for non-co)'$iance of 'rivate re!'on ent to !erve t"e a)en e co)'$aint to Abe$ at "i! Anti'o$o a re!! a! t"ere i! 'ri)a facie 2(!tification for e6traterritoria$ !ervice of !())on!, an tran!)i!!ion of co'ie! of t"e !())on! to t"e wron& a re!! i! a )atter w"ic" t"e #C can )ore rea i$1 re)e 1? Even if Abe$ i! ec$are in efa($t, "i! intere!t can be ($1 re're!ente b1 t"e non- efa($tin& efen ant !ince a co))on ca(!e of action i! invo$ve ? Disposition Petition i! &rante SEPARATE OPINIONS S%"Dien !, J. Vconc(rrin& an i!!entin&W -!ervice of !())on! to t"e wron& $a!t Anown a re!! i! a efect w"ic" cannot 2(!tif1 an or er of efa($t? A!!()in& efa($t were 'ro'er, it wi$$ not 'rec$( e 'etitioner fro) 're!entin& "er own evi ence? -:owever, a! to e6tra2( icia$ !ervice of !())on! to a nonre!i ent a$ien, it i! on$1 va$i w"en effecte in t"e territor1 in w"ic" t"e ab!ent efen ant )a1 be fo(n ? Sec? 19 wa! in 'art, taAen fro) Section! .-> an .-- of Act? 1-0, w"ic" in t(rn were an a o'tion of t"e Co e of Civi$ Proce (re of Ca$ifornia w"ic" !tate! t"at 'er!ona$ !ervice o(t!i e t"e !tate )(!t be na)e an e!i&nate in t"e '(b$ication a! )o!t $iAe$1 to &ive notice to t"e 'er!on to be !erve ? P(b$ication in t"e P"i$!? i! not $iAe$1 to 'rovi e notice to a IS re!i ent? -A! to 7anco E!'ano$ an 3e Mi &e$1@ a$t"o(&" t"e co(rt ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e re!, t"e re! be$on&! to t"e efen ant, an a! !(c" "e re!erve! t"e ri&"t to be "ear w"en "i! 'o!!e!!ion! are in 'eri$? A$t"o(&" t"e co(rt cannot awar )one1 b1 wa1 of re$ief, 2( &)ent con e)nin& t"e re! wo($ 1ie$ t"e !a)e re!($t, t"at i!, $iabi$it1 a&ain!t t"e efen ant? #"i! wo($ $ea to t"e f(n a)enta$ in2(!tice of tria$ in ab!entia, e!'ecia$$1 con!i erin& t"e increa!e in i))i&rant +i$i'ino!? - S1/(ia Law Office!, in be"a$f of 'rivate re!'on ent! An&e$o Uin&, Uen& S(1 =at, H(intin Ca$ eron an ,o!e ,? +errer, ,r?, fi$e a )otion to !et a!i e eci!ion on t"e fo$$owin& &ro(n !@ a? t"ere wa! no !ervice of !())on! ('on eac" of t"e) a! t"e cor'orate a re!! of t"e cor'oration wa! not t"eir a re!! t"e1 were no $on&er connecte t"erewit"; b? t"at Att1? Ara&one! "a no a(t"orit1 to re're!ent t"e) in t"e action an co)'ro)i!e a&ree)ent; c? t"at t"e1 were not !erve co'ie! of t"e eci!ion of t"e co(rt; ? t"at t"e1 $earne abo(t t"e !a)e on$1 w"en it wa! bein& e6ec(te ; an e? t"at t"e1 i not 'artici'ate a! irector! or officer! of M+C in t"e !(b2ect tran!action? 4 enie 5 - CA rever!e - Motion for recon!i eration 4 enie 5 ISSUE =O; 'rivate re!'on ent! were 'ro'er$1 !erve wit" !())on! HELD ;O? Ratio A$t"o(&" 'rivate re!'on ent! were !(e in t"eir ca'acit1 a! irector! an officer! of M+C, t"e1 are, nevert"e$e!!, bein& "e$ 'er!ona$$1 $iab$e for t"e ob$i&ation !(b2ect of t"e $iti&ation (n er t"e co)'$aint fi$e b1 'etitioner? :ence, t"e r($e on 'er!ona$ !ervice of !())on! )(!t be ob!erve in t"at !())on! )(!t be !erve 'er!ona$$1 on 'rivate re!'on ent! or, if t"e1 ref(!e to receive t"e !a)e, b1 ten erin& it to t"e)? It i! on$1 w"en t"e efen ant cannot be !erve 'er!ona$$1 wit"in a rea!onab$e ti)e t"at !(b!tit(te !ervice )a1 be re!orte to? #"e i)'o!!ibi$it1 of 'ro)'t !ervice !"o($ be !"own b1 !tatin& t"e effort! )a e to fin t"e efen ant 'er!ona$$1 an t"e fact t"at !(c" effort! fai$e ? #"i! !tate)ent !"o($ be )a e in t"e 'roof of !ervice? #"i! i! nece!!ar1 beca(!e !(b!tit(te !ervice i! in ero&ation of t"e (!(a$ )et"o of !ervice? It "a! been "e$ t"at t"i! )et"o of !ervice i! in ero&ation of t"e co))on $aw; it i! a )et"o e6traor inar1 in c"aracter, an "ence )a1 be (!e on$1 a! 're!cribe an in t"e circ()!tance! a(t"oriBe b1 !tat(te?* #"(!, (n er t"e contro$$in& eci!ion!, t"e !tat(tor1 re/(ire)ent! of !(b!tit(te !ervice )(!t be fo$$owe !trict$1, fait"f($$1 an f($$1, an an1 !(b!tit(te !ervice ot"er t"an t"at a(t"oriBe b1 t"e !tat(te i! con!i ere ineffective? Reasoning #"e 'roof of !ervice 're'are b1 t"e !"eriff oe! not !"ow t"at !(c" 'er!ona$ !ervice of !())on! wa! effecte ? #"e office a re!! of t"e cor'oration a! in icate in t"e co)'$aint oe! not a''ear to be t"e office a re!! of 'rivate re!'on ent! a! t"e1 were no $on&er connecte wit" t"e cor'oration t"en? Per!ona$ !ervice of !())on! !"o($ "ave been )a e on t"e) at t"eir re!i ence! a! !"own in t"e recor ! of t"e Sec(ritie! an E6c"an&e Co))i!!ion an t"e Centra$ 7anA? In!tea , t"e !"eriff effecte !(b!tit(te !ervice b1 $eavin& co'ie! of t"e !())on! wit" t"e A!!i!tant Mana&er of M+C at t"e '$ace of b(!ine!! of !ai cor'oration wit" w"ic" a! above !tate 'rivate re!'on ent! were no $on&er connecte ? S(c" !(b!tit(te !ervice i! not va$i ? #"ere wa! no co)'$iance wit" t"e re/(ire)ent! of t"e r($e t"at t"ere )(!t be a 'revio(! 'er!ona$ !ervice an a fai$(re to effect t"e !a)e before !(b!tit(te !ervice co($ be re!orte to? A! t"e 'rivate re!'on ent! "ave not been ($1 !erve wit" !())on!, t"e tria$ co(rt never ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"eir 'er!on!? Disposition. Petition i! 3E;IE3

5. B( P,6*ic% i!n -MODE OF SERVICE UPON CERTAIN DEFENDANTS =. Up!n )!De# ic p"i'% e .,"i)ic%* en i ( PALUWA/AN N/ BAYAN SAVIN/S BANF '#. FIN/ =28 SCRA =1= /ANCAYCO< Ap"i* =8, =>:>
NATURE Petition for certiorari FACTS - Petitioner !(e Mercanti$e +inancin& Cor'oration 4M+C5 an 'rivate re!'on ent!, a! irector! an officer! of M+C, for t"e recover1 of )one1 )arAet '$ace)ent! t"ro(&" certain 'ro)i!!or1 note!? #"e1 were c"ar&e 2oint$1 an !o$i ari$1 in accor ance wit" Section .1 of t"e Cor'oration Co e 5? - S())on! an co'ie! of t"e co)'$aint! were !erve ('on M+C an 'rivate re!'on ent! at t"e 4t" +$oor, L#A 7(i$ in&, ;o? 11> Perea Street, MaAati, Metro Mani$a, w"ic" i! t"e !tate office a re!! of M+C in t"e co)'$aint, t"ro(&" it! A!!i!tant Mana&er Mr? ;a!ario S? ;a2o)ot, ,r? w"o acAnow$e &e recei't t"ereof for an in be"a$f of M+C an t"e 'rivate re!'on ent!? #"i! i! !o recite in t"e certification of e'(t1 !"eriff 7ernar o San ,(an ate Ma1 11, 1->.? - #"e 'artie!, a!!i!te b1 t"eir co(n!e$, !(b)itte a Co)'ro)i!e A&ree)ent for t"e a''rova$ of t"e co(rt w"ic" wa! a''rove ? - Co(n!e$ for efen ant! fi$e a *Motion #o Correct Co)'ro)i!e A&ree)ent* on t"e &ro(n t"at "e erroneo(!$1 fi$e t"e Co)'ro)i!e A&ree)ent in be"a$f of a$$ t"e efen ant! w"en in fact "e wa! t"e co(n!e$ for M+C on$1? 4 enie 5

8. Up!n F!"ei+n P"i'% e J,"i)ic%* En i ( FACILITIES MANA/EMENT V DELA OSA >- SCRA 1.1 MAUASIAR; Marc" 28, 1-9NATURE Petition for review on certiorari of t"e eci!ion of t"e CIR FACTS -On ,($1 1, 1-89, Leonar o e$a O!a !o(&"t "i! rein!tate)ent? wit" f($$ bacAwa&e!, a! we$$ a! t"e recover1 of "i! overti)e co)'en!ation,

8> !win& !"ift an &rave1ar !"ift ifferentia$!? Petitioner a$$e&e t"at "e wa! e)'$o1e b1 re!'on ent! a! 415 'ainter wit" an "o(r$1 rate of Z1?25 fro) Marc", 1-84 to ;ove)ber, 1-84, inc$(!ive; 425 "o(!ebo1 wit" an "o(r$1 rate of Z1?28 fro) 3ece)ber, 1-84 to ;ove)ber, 1-85, inc$(!ive; 4.5 "o(!ebo1 wit" an "o(r$1 rate of Z1?.. fro) 3ece)ber, 1-85 to A(&(!t, 1-88, inc$(!ive; an 445 ca!"ier wit" an "o(r$1 rate of Z1?40 fro) A(&(!t, 1-88 to Marc" 29, 1-89, inc$(!ive? - Re!'on ent! fi$e on A(&(!t 9, 1-89 t"eir $etter- an!wer wit"o(t !(b!tantia$$1 en1in& t"e )ateria$ a$$e&ation! of t"e ba!ic 'etition b(t inter'o!e t"e fo$$owin& !'ecia$ efen!e! t"at re!'on ent! +aci$itie! Mana&e)ent Cor'oration an ,? S? 3re1er are o)ici$e in =aAe I!$an w"ic" i! be1on t"e territoria$ 2(ri! iction of t"e P"i$i''ine <overn)ent; t"at re!'on ent ,? %? Cat(ira, t"o(&" an e)'$o1ee of re!'on ent cor'oration 're!ent$1 !tatione in Mani$a, i! wit"o(t 'ower an a(t"orit1 of $e&a$ re're!entation; an t"at t"e e)'$o1)ent contract between 'etitioner an re!'on ent cor'oration carrie! -t"e a''rova$ of t"e 3OL? - On Ma1 ., 1-8>? re!'on ent! fi$e M#3 t"e !(b2ect 'etition on t"e &ro(n t"at t"i! Co(rt "a! no ,(ri! iction over t"e in!tant ca!e, an on Ma1 24, 1-8>, 'etitioner inter'o!e an o''o!ition t"ereto? Sai )otion wa! enie ? ISSUE0S 1? =O; Co(rt can ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on! of t"e acc(!e 'rovi e t"at t"e1 are o)ici$e be1on t"e territoria$ 2(ri! iction of t"e P"i$i''ine <overn)ent 2? =O; 'etitioner "a! been D oin& b(!ine!! in t"e P"i$i''ine!D !o t"at t"e !ervice of !())on! ('on it! a&ent in t"e P"i$i''ine! ve!te t"e C+I of Mani$a wit" 2(ri! iction? HELD 1? Ce!? ="i$e it i! tr(e t"e !ite of worA i! I entifie a! =aAe I!$an , it i! e/(a$$1 tr(e t"e '$ace of "ire i! e!tab$i!"e in Mani$a? Moreover, w"at i! i)'ortant i! t"e fact t"at t"e contract of e)'$o1)ent between t"e 'artie! $iti&ant wa! !"own to "ave been ori&ina$$1 e6ec(te an !(b!e/(ent$1 renewe in Mani$a, a! a!!erte b1 'etitioner an not enie b1 re!'on ent!? :ence, an1 i!'(te ari!in& t"erefro) !"o($ nece!!ari$1 be eter)ine in t"e '$ace or ven(e w"ere it wa! contracte ? 2? t"e 'etitioner )a1 be con!i ere a! oin& b(!(ne!! (n t"e P"i$i''ine! wit"in t"e t"e !co'e of Section 14, R($e 14 of t"e ROC in co)'$iance wit" $aw, t"e 'etitioner "a to a''oint ,ai)e %? Cat(ira, a! a&ent for +MC wit" a(t"orit1 to e6ec(te E)'$o1)ent Contract! an receive, in be"a$f of t"at cor'oration, $e&a$ !ervice! fro) an be bo(n b1 'roce!!e! of t"e P"i$i''ine Co(rt! of ,(!tice, for a! $on& a! "e re)ain! an e)'$o1ee of +MC? It i! a fact t"at w"en t"e !())on! for t"e 'etitioner wa! !erve on ,ai)e %? Cat(ira "e wa! !ti$$ in t"e e)'$o1 of t"e +MC? Mr? Cat(ira wa! a on officer re're!entin& 'etitioner in t"e P"i$i''ine!? Aetna Casualt! F Curet! Compan! v Pacific Star -ine M =O; t"e '$aintiff a''e$$ant "a! been oin& b(!ine!! in t"e P"i$i''ine!, con!i erin& t"e fact t"at it "a! no $icen!e to tran!act b(!ine!! in t"e P"i$i''ine! a! a forei&n cor'oration? #"e ob2ect of Section! 8> an 8of t"e Cor'oration Law wa! not to 'revent t"e forei&n cor'oration fro) 'erfor)in& !in&$e act!, b(t to 'revent it fro) ac/(irin& a o)ici$e for t"e '(r'o!e of b(!ine!! wit"o(t taAin& t"e !te'! nece!!ar1 to ren er it a)enab$e to !(it in t"e $oca$ co(rt!? It wa! never t"e '(r'o!e of t"e Le&i!$at(re to e6c$( e a forei&n cor'oration w"ic" "a''en! to obtain an i!o$ate or er for b(!ine!! fro) t"e P"i$i''ine!, fro) !ec(rin& re re!! in t"e P"i$i''ine co(rt! 4Mar!"a$$ Co? v!? E$!er N Co?, 48 P"i$ 90,955? if a forei&n cor'oration, not en&a&e in b(!ine!! in t"e P"i$i''ine!, i! not banne fro) !eeAin& re re!! fro) co(rt! in t"e P"i$i''ine!, a fortiori, t"at !a)e cor'oration cannot c$ai) e6e)'tion fro) bein& !(e in P"i$i''ine co(rt! for act! one a&ain!t a 'er!on or 'er!on! in t"e P"i$i''ine!? Disposition =:ERE+ORE, #:E PE#I#IO; IS :ERE7C 3E;IE3 =I#: COS#S A<AI;S# #:E PE#I#IO;ER

@SUPRAA
FACTS -+r? Ma6i)o wa! !(e b1 t"e 'arent! of t"e c"i$ "e in2(re (rin& a )otor ve"ic$e acci ent? :e wa! in E(ro'e w"en t"e !())on! were !erve ('on +r? 7a(ti!ta in t"e Ma$abon C"(rc" w"ere +r? Ma6i)o wa! Anown to re!i e? Since wa! awa1 w"en tria$ wa! bein& "e$ , "e wa! ec$are in efa($t an a eci!ion wa! )a e in favor of t"e S'!? After 21, 2) +r? Ma6i)o /(e!tione t"e va$i it1 of t"e 2( &)ent a&ain!t "i), /(e!tionin& t"e !ervice of !())on! )a e ISSUE =O; t"e !())on! in a !(it in 'er!ona) a&ain!t a re!i ent of t"e P"i$i''ine! te)'orari$1 ab!ent )a1 be va$i $1 effecte b1 !(b!tit(te !ervice (n er Sec? > R($e 14 4on re!i ent! te)'orari$1 o(t of t"e P"i$i''ine!5 HELD YES. In #,i # in pe"#!n%D, c!," # -%'e .,"i#)ic i!n !'e" "e#i)en # eDp!"%"i*( !, !& -e c!,n "(. Reasoning. HISTORY. C!DD!n L%K @P!Ke" C!ncep !& J,"i#)ic i!nA? ,(ri! iction of Co(rt! to ren er 2( &)ent! in 'er!ona) wa! &rante on t"eir e facto 'ower over efen ant0! 'er!on? ,(ri! iction wa! ba!e on t"e 'ower to !eiBe an i)'ri!on efen ant? -C!n inen %* L%K? P"incip*e# !& R!D%n O"i+in? 415 S(it! in 'er!ona) an t"o!e re$atin& to MO%A7LES M co(rt! of t"e o)ici$e of t"e efen ant "ave &enera$ 2(ri! iction V Actor Aei 5orum Se,uiturW; 425 action! concernin& IMMO%A7LES@ Co(rt! of t"e situs "ave e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction -FOR/ED DOCTRINE@ 3o)ici$iarie! of a !tate, t"o(&" te)'orari$1 o(t of it! territoria$ 2(ri! iction, are AL=ACS a)enab$e to !(it! in 'er!ona) so !(b!tit(te !ervice i! bin in& on ab!ent re!i ent!? -MILLIFEN V MEYER@ F#"e atten ant (tie!, $iAe t"e ri&"t! an 'rivi$e&e! inci ent to o)ici$e, are n! e'en ent on contin(o(! 're!ence in t"e !tate? One !(c" inci ent of o)ici$e i! a)enabi$it1 to !(it wit"in t"e !tate even (rin& !o2o(rn! wit"o(t t"e !tate, w"ere t"e !tate wa! 'rovi e an e)'$o1e a REASO;A7LE ME#:O3 for a''ri!in& !(c" an ab!ent 'art1 of t"e 'rocee in& a&ain!t "i)? 3ON SERVICE OF SUMMONS P DUE PROCESS @ t"e con!tit(tiona$ re/(ire)ent of (e 'roce!! e6act! t"at t"e !ervice be !(c" a! )a1 be rea!onab$1 e6'ecte to &ive rea!onab$1 ca$c($ate to &ive t"e notice e!ire -MILLIFEN V MEYER, supra@ it! a e/(ac1 !o far a! (e 'roce!! i! concerne i! e'en ent on =O; t"e for) of !(b!tit(te !ervice 'rovi e for !(c" ca!e! an e)'$o1e i! REASO;A7LC CALCILA#E3 #O <I%E :IM AC#IAL ;O#ICE of t"e 'rocee in&! an an o''ort(nit1 to be "ear ? 3in e"p"e % i!n !& -en Sec: !n #,6# i , e) #e"'ice? Sa)e )eanin& !"a'e o(t b1 t"e 2(ri!'r( ence of t"e 2(ri! iction w"ere it wa! 'atterne 4A)erican Le&a$ S1!te)5; t"e F efen antL )ean! an1 re!i ent of t"e co(ntr1 wit"o(t i!tinction a! to w"et"er "e i! '"1!ica$$1 're!ent or not? -on Sec1>, R($e 14, accor in& to C, MORA;@ Since re!i ent of RP, 2(ri! iction )a1 be ac/(ire over "i! 'er!on (n er Sec>; E6traterritoria$ Service also allo$ed? P$aintiff i! not (t1 bo(n to !ee to it t"at t"e 'er!on ('on w"en !ervice wa! act(a$$1 )a e e$iver! t"e !())on! to efen ant or infor)! "i) abo(t it? #"e $aw 're!()e! t"at for "i)? It i! i))ateria$ t"at efen ant oe! not in fact receive act(a$ notice? #"i! wi$$ not affect t"e va$i it1 of t"e !ervice? -A )an te)'orari$1 ab!ent fro) t"i! co(ntr1 $eave! a efinite '$ace of re!i ence, a we$$in& w"ere "e $ive!, a $oca$ ba!e to w"ic" an1 in/(ir1 abo(t "i) )a1 be irecte an w"ere "e i! bo(n to ret(rn? Disposition. Or er! affir)e ?

9. Up!n De&en)%n ,n7n!Kn

K-!#e i)en i (0K-e"e%6!, #

BALTAZAR VS CA @/OOD EARTH ENTERPRISESA /.R. N!. 2:28: FELICIANO< DeceD6e" :, =>::
N% ,"e Petition for review on certiorari to ann($ CA eci!ion

1. Up!n Re#i)en TeDp!"%"i*( A6"!%) MONTALBAN V. MAOIMO

8FACTS - #wo 'arce$! of $an $ocate in 7arrio San I!i ro, Parana/(e were a 2( icate to LorenBo Mo$era '(r!(ant to t"e ecree in a $an re&i!tration ca!e b1 t"e C+I of RiBa$ actin& a! a ca a!tra$ co(rt? #"e1 were tit$e in t"e na)e of LorenBo Mo$era, (n er Ori&ina$ Certificate of #it$e 4OC#5 ;o? 1>88? On 15 A(&(!t 1-85, t"e 'arce$! of $an were ac/(ire b1 <oo Eart" fro) !(cce!!or!-in-intere!t of LorenBo Mo$era? A tran!fer of Certificate tit$e wa! i!!(e in t"e na)e of <oo Eart"? - On 22 Marc" 1-99, Arte)io 7a$taBar in!tit(te Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5552P a&ain!t <oo Eart" &!" )ec*%"% i!n !& !Kne"#-ip %n) "ec!n'e(%nce of t"e 'arce$! of $an before t"e C+I, RiBa$? 7a$taBar trace "i! c$ai)e ri&"t! fro) an a$$e&e va!t S'ani!" $an &rant to one 3on :er)o&ene! Ro ri&(eB, <overnor <enera$ of Intra)(ro!, own to a ee of !a$e over t"e !(b2ect $ot! a$$e&e $1 e6ec(te b1 one Pe ro A!e i$$o 4for w"o!e )ot"er, 7a$taBar "a been a tenant !"arin& in t"e rice "arve!t fro) t"e $ot!5 - #"e 3e'(t1 S"eriff of t"e tria$ co(rt, Mr? Erne!to Pre, receive a co'1 of t"e !())on! an co)'$aint for !ervice on <oo Eart" at it! a re!! !et fort" in t"e co)'$aint 888 M(e$$e e 7inon o, Mani$a? - On 1 A'ri$ 1-99, t"e 3e'(t1 S"eriff 're-certifie in "i! S"eriff! Ret(rn t"at@ notwit"!tan in& t"ree atte)'t! )a e b1 t"e (n er!i&ne 3e'(t1 S"eriff, 'artic($ar$1 on Marc" 25, 29 an .0, 1-99, to !erve t"e !())on! an co'1 of t"e co)'$aint ('on t"e efen ant <oo Eart" Enter'ri!e!, Inc? at t"e &iven a re!!, t"e !a)e "a! fai$e a! accor in& to infor)ation efen ant Cor'oration "a! never "e$ office t"ereat an it! 're!ent office a re!! i! (nAnown? - On t"e !a)e ate, 7a$taBar fi$e a )otion for $eave to !erve t"e !())on! an a co'1 of t"e co)'$aint ('on t"erein efen ant <oo Eart" b1 '(b$ication? #"e tria$ co(rt &rante 7a$taBarD! )otion? P(b$ication of t"e !())on! an t"e co)'$aint in t"e *#i)e! ,o(rna$,* a new!'a'er of &enera$ circ($ation, for . con!ec(tive weeA! wa! effecte on 8, 1. an 20 A(&(!t 1-99? - S(b!e/(ent$1 t"e tria$ co(rt, on )otion of 7a$taBar an ('on fin in& t"at <oo Eart" "a fai$e to fi$e it! an!wer wit"in t"e !i6t1 4805 a1 'erio co(nte fro) t"e a1 fo$$owin& t"e $a!t a1 of t"e '(b$ication, ec$are <oo Eart" *a! if in efa($t* an a$$owe 7a$taBar to 're!ent "i! evi ence e6 'arte 10 a1! $ater - t"e tria$ co(rt t"en i!!(e t"e /(e!tione 2( &)ent b1 efa($t a&ain!t <oo Eart" w"ic"@ 15 ec$are 7a$taBar tr(e an owner of t"e 'ro'ert1 covere b1 #C# ;o? 1-104>, 25 or ere <oo Eart" to reconve1 t"at 'ro'ert1 to 7a$taBar an , !"o($ <oo Eart" fai$ !o to reconve1, .5 ecree t"e cance$$ation of #C# ;o? 1-104>; an 45 re/(ire t"e Re&i!ter of 3ee ! of RiBa$ to i!!(e a new #C# in t"e na)e of 7a$taBar? #"e!e were one accor in&$1 a$$ wit"o(t t"e Anow$e &e of <oo Eart"? - 7a$taBar $o!t no ti)e at a$$ in !e$$in& t"e $an !o tit$e in "i! na)e to A(rora <a$veB, RiBa$iana <ar)ent!, Inc? an to 7<7 3eve$o')ent Cor'orationOn - A(&(!t 1-9-, <oo Eart" in!tit(te a co)'$aint for ann($)ent of t"e 2( &)ent in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5552-P an for reconve1ance, a&ain!t Arte)io 7a$taBar an "i! ven ee! A(rora <a$veB an 7<7 3eve$o')ent Cor'oration, w"ic" co)'$aint wa! ocAete a! Civi$ Ca!e ;o? PH-9410-P, in t"e Co(rt of +ir!t In!tance of RiBa$, 7ranc" 2>, t"e !a)e co(rt w"ic" "a i!!(e t"e 2( &)ent b1 efa($t a&ain!t <oo Eart"? <oo Eart" $ater i)'$ea e 7a$taBarD! t"ir ven ee, RiBa$iana <ar)ent!, Inc? a! an a itiona$ efen ant? - /ood Earth assailed the judgment as null and void# upon the ground that the trial court had not ac,uired jurisdiction over the person of /ood Earth. 4t $as urged ! /ood Earth that the suit commenced ! @alta&ar $as an action in personam $hich re,uired personal service of summons; hence# service of summons ! pu lication $as improper and un$arranted in this case. 4t $as also urged ! /ood Earth that -and Aegistration 3ecree ?o. ?.)IEH)# ! virtue of $hich 0C+ ?o. 1JLL $as issued to -oren&o 2olera# predecessor.in. interest of /ood Earth# ecame incontroverti le one !ear after its registration on H 5e ruar! 1KHK. - #"e tria$ co(rt ren ere 2( &)ent a&ain!t <oo Eart"? It "e$ t"at t"e tria$ co(rt w"ic" i!!(e t"e 2( &)ent b1 efa($t "a ac/(ire 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of efen ant <oo Eart" t"ro(&" !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication; t"at t"e !(it bro(&"t b1 7a$taBar a&ain!t <oo Eart" wa! an action ,uasi in rem !(c" t"at !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication wa! a''ro'riate; t"at LorenBo Mo$era, t"e ori&ina$ re&i!tere owner of t"e !(b2ect $an !, wa! not an in i!'en!ab$e 'art1 to t"e !(it bro(&"t a&ain!t <oo Eart"; t"at t"e action in!tit(te b1 <oo Eart" wa! barre b1 re! 2( icata; an t"at efen ant! <a$veB, 7<7 3eve$o')ent Cor'oration an RiBa$iana <ar)ent!, Inc? were '(rc"a!er! in &oo fait" an for va$(e? - CA rever!e #C0! eci!ion an irecte t"e efen ant! to reconve1 t"e 'arce$! of $an in /(e!tion to <oo Eart" free fro) a$$ $ien! an enc()brance!? :ence t"i! Petition for Review in!tit(te b1 7a$taBar an <a$veB? ISSUE =O; t"e !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication ('on re!'on ent <oo Eart" wa! 'ro'er? HELD #"e re&($ar )o e of !ervin& !())on! ('on a 'rivate o)e!tic cor'oration 4i?e?, a 'rivate cor'oration or&aniBe (n er P"i$i''ine $aw an "ence re&i!tere wit" t"e Sec(ritie! an E6c"an&e Co))i!!ion5 i! &overne b1 Section 1. of R($e 14 of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt? #"e re&($ar )o e, in ot"er wor !, of !ervin& !())on! ('on a 'rivate P"i$i''ine cor'oration i! b1 personal service upon one of the officers of such corporation identified in Section 1D? 5or the purpose of receiving service of summons and eing ound ! it# a corporation is 4dentified $ith its agent or officer $ho under the rule is designated to accept service of process. " #"e cor'orate 'ower to receive an act on !(c" !ervice, !o far a! to )aAe it Anown to t"e cor'oration, i! t"(! ve!te in !(c" officer or a&ent?* A strict compliance $ith the mode of service is necessar! to confer jurisdiction of the court over a corporation. +he purpose is to render it reasona l! certain that the corporation $ill receive prompt and proper notice in an action against it or to insure that the summons e served on a representative so integrated $ith the corporation that such person $ill 'no$ $hat to do $ith the legal papers served on him? It i! not i!'(te t"at 3e'(t1 S"eriff Pre i not co)'$1 an i not atte)'t to co)'$1 wit" t"e re/(ire)ent of Section 1. of R($e 14? Since 'er!ona$ !ervice of !())on! wa! c$ear$1 not effecte ('on <oo Eart", we co)e to t"e /(e!tion of w"et"er t"e !(b!tit(te !ervice b1 '(b$ication '(r'orte to "ave been effecte b1 t"e tria$ co(rt in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5552-P wa! 'ro'er an effective to ve!t 2(ri! iction ('on !(c" co(rt over t"e 'er!on of <oo Eart"? T-e &i"# p!in -% D,# 6e D%)e in -i# c!nnec i!n i# -% -e p"!p"ie ( !& #e"'ice !& #,DD!n# 6( p,6*ic% i!n i# n! )epen)en ,p!n -e ec-nic%* c-%"%c e"i;% i!n !& -e %c i!n 6ein+ ini i% e) %# %n %c i!n in re$ or *uasi in re$. T-e p"!p"ie ( !& #e"'ice 6( p,6*ic% i!n i# )epen)en , "% -e", ,p!n c!Dp*i%nce Ki - -e "eH,i"eDen # !& -e %pp*ic%6*e p"!'i#i!n# !& -e R,*e# !& C!," . =e note !econ $1, t"at !ervice of !())on! of '(b$ication )a1 be a$$owe (n er R($e 14 of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt in t"ree . ifferent !it(ation!? #"e fir!t i! t"e !it(ation of an *(nAnown efen ant* a re!!e b1 Section 18 of R($e 14? #"e !econ refer! to !it(ation! w"ere *e6tra-territoria$ !ervice* i! 'ro'er, &overne b1 Section 19 of R($e 14? #"e t"ir !it(ation i! t"at of a re!i ent of t"e P"i$i''ine! w"o i! te)'orari$1 o(t of t"e P"i$i''ine! an w"o )a1 be !erve wit" !())on! b1 '(b$ication (n er Section 1>? Even a c(r!or1 e6a)ination of Section! 18,19 an 1> of R($e 14 above wi$$ at once revea$ t"at, if at a$$, !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication ('on <oo Eart" co($ on$1 be one (n er Section 18? Section 19 can fin a''$ication on$1 w"ere t"e efen ant i! bot" a non-re!i ent an not act(a$$1 fo(n in t"e P"i$i''ine!? Since <oo Eart" i! a cor'oration or&aniBe (n er t"e P"i$i''ine $aw, it cannot be re&ar e a! a non-re!i ent cor'oration? Section 1>, ('on t"e ot"er "an , a''ear! to conte)'$ate a efen ant w"o i! a nat(ra$ 'er!on? In an1 ca!e, 'etitioner i not 'reten t"at <oo Eart" wa! at an1 ti)e te)'orari$1 o(t of t"e P"i$i''ine!, a!!()in& !(c" a con ition were 'o!!ib$e? Section 18 it!e$f cover! two 425 i!tin&(i!"ab$e !it(ation!@ w"ere t"e identit! of t"e efen ant i! (nAnown; an w"ere t"e a re!! of t"e efen ant i! (nAnown? In er Section 18, t"erefore, 'etitioner )(!t !"ow t"at t"e address of <oo Eart" wa! *(nAnown* an t"at !(c" a re!! *co($ not be a!certaine b1 i$i&ent in/(ir1?* In t"e ca!e at bar, 'etitioner acte as if t"e a re!! of <oo Eart" wa! *(nAnown?* Petitioner c$ai)e t"at <oo Eart" co($ not be fo(n at t"e a re!! a''earin& in t"e #C# i!!(e in t"e na)e of <oo Eart"? #"e !() tota$ of w"at t"e S"eriff act(a$$1 i , wa! to

90 a!A a !ec(rit1 &(ar "e fo(n at 888 M(e$$e e 7inon o an t"i! !ec(rit1 &(ar a''arent$1 'ointe to t"e b(i$ in& irector1 w"ere t"e na)e of <oo Eart" i not a''ear? It i! ar&(e b1 <oo Eart" t"at "a t"e S"eriff in/(ire at an1 of t"e office! act(a$$1 fo(n in t"e b(i$ in& at 888 M(e$$e e 7inon o, "e wo($ "ave fo(n <oo Eart" w"ic" i! a cor'oration owne or contro$$e b1 t"e C"in& fa)i$1, con!i erin& t"at a$$ t"e cor'oration! /(artere at 888 M(e$$e e 7inon o are C"in& fa)i$1 cor'oration!? <oo Eart", in ot"er wor !, i not i!'(te t"at 888 M(e$$e e 7inon o, Mani$a wa! it! correct cor'orate a re!!? #"e co(rt oe! not be$ieve, t"erefore, t"at t"e a re!! of <oo Eart" co($ be re&ar e a! *(nAnown* wit"in t"e )eanin& of Section 18 of R($e 14? More i)'ortant$1, it oe! not be$ieve t"at t"e act! of 3e'(t1 S"eriff Pre !ati!fie t"e !tan ar of i$i&ent in/(ir1D e!tab$i!"e b1 Section 18 of R($e 14? 3e'(t1 S"eriff Pre !"o($ "ave Anown w"at ever1 $aw !c"oo$ !t( ent Anow!, t"at <oo Eart" bein& a o)e!tic cor'oration )(!t "ave been re&i!tere wit" t"e Sec(ritie! an E6c"an&e Co))i!!ion an t"at t"e SEC recor ! wo($ , t"erefore, revea$ not 2(!t t"e correct a re!! of t"e cor'orate "ea /(arter! of <oo Eart" b(t a$!o t"e a re!!e! of it! irector! an ot"er officer!? =e be$ieve an !o "o$ t"at a $iti&ant or 'roce!! !erver w"o "a! not &one t"ro(&" t"e recor ! of t"e SEC cannot c$ai) to "ave carrie o(t t"e * i$i&ent in/(ir1* re/(ire (n er Section 18 of R($e 14 of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt for va$i !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication ('on a o)e!tic cor'oration? It )a1 be note , fina$$1, t"at t"e recor oe! not !"ow t"at 7a$taBar !ent a co'1 of t"e !())on! an t"e or er for '(b$ication to <oo Eart" b1 re&i!tere )ai$ to it! $a!t Anown a re!! w"ic" wa! 888 M(e$$e e 7inon o, Mani$a, a! re/(ire b1 Section 21 of R($e 14, Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt? =e "o$ t"at t"e '(r'orte !ervice of !())on! b1 '(b$ication ('on <oo Eart" in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5552-P wa! $e&a$$1 an con!tit(tiona$$1 vitiate an "ence inva$i an ineffective to ve!t 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of <oo Eart" ('on t"e tria$ co(rt, an t"at t"e 2( &)ent t"ere ren ere b1 t"at co(rt wa! n($$ an voi ? It ve!te no ri&"t! ('on 7a$taBar an i)'o!e no $iabi$itie! or b(r en! ('on <oo Eart"? =e a&ree wit" t"e re!'on ent Co(rt of A''ea$! t"at t"e tria$ co(rt in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? PH-9410-P fe$$ into 'rofo(n error in not !ettin& a!i e an ann($$in& t"e 2( &)ent of t"e tria$ co(rt in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5552-P? Disposition. =:ERE+ORE, t"e Petition for Review i! 3E;IE3 an t"e 3eci!ion ate 14 ,an(ar1 1->9 of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! in C?A? <?R? C% ;o? 00104 i! A++IRME3? Co!t! a&ain!t 'etitioner!? - #"e co)'an1 receive a $etter w"ic" wa! !i&ne b1 3ir? Co$$in!, Contract! 3ivi!ion, ;ava$ +aci$itie! En&ineerin& Co))an , So(t"we!t Pacific, 3e'art)ent of t"e ;av1 of t"e Inite State!, w"o i! one of t"e 'etitioner! "erein? #"e $etter !ai t"at t"e co)'an1 i not /(a$if1 to receive an awar for t"e 'ro2ect! beca(!e of it! 'revio(! (n!ati!factor1 'erfor)ance ratin& on a re'air contract for t"e !ea wa$$ at t"e boat $an in&! of t"e I?S? ;ava$ Station in S(bic 7a1? #"e $etter f(rt"er !ai t"at t"e 'ro2ect! "a been awar e to t"ir 'artie!? - #"e co)'an1 !(e t"e IS an Me!!r!? ,a)e! E? <a$$owa1, =i$$ia) I? Co$$in! an Robert <o"ier a$$ )e)ber! of t"e En&ineerin& Co))an of t"e I?S? ;av1? #"e co)'$aint i! to or er t"e efen ant! to a$$ow t"e '$aintiff to 'erfor) t"e worA on t"e 'ro2ect! an , in t"e event t"at !'ecific 'erfor)ance wa! no $on&er 'o!!ib$e, to or er t"e efen ant! to 'a1 a)a&e!? #"e co)'an1 a$!o a!Ae for t"e i!!(ance of a writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction to re!train t"e efen ant! fro) enterin& into contract! wit" t"ir 'artie! for worA on t"e 'ro2ect!? - #"e efen ant! entere t"eir !'ecia$ a''earance *for t"e '(r'o!e on$1 of /(e!tionin& t"e 2(ri! iction of t"i! co(rt over t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e co)'$aint an t"e 'er!on! of efen ant!, t"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e co)'$aint bein& act! an o)i!!ion! of t"e in ivi (a$ efen ant! a! a&ent! of efen ant Inite State! of A)erica, a forei&n !overei&n w"ic" "a! not &iven "er con!ent to t"i! !(it or an1 ot"er !(it for t"e ca(!e! of action a!!erte in t"e co)'$aint?* - 3efen ant! fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint w"ic" inc$( e an o''o!ition to t"e i!!(ance of t"e writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction? #"e co)'an1 o''o!e t"e )otion? #"e tria$ co(rt enie t"e )otion an i!!(e t"e writ? #"e efen ant! )ove twice to recon!i er b(t to no avai$? :ence t"e in!tant 'etition w"ic" !eeA! to re!train 'er'et(a$$1 t"e 'rocee in&! in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 99--M for $acA of 2(ri! iction on t"e 'art of t"e tria$ co(rt? ISSUE =O; tria$ co(rt "a! 2(ri! iction HELD ;O? #"e tra itiona$ r($e of State i))(nit1 e6e)'t! a State fro) bein& !(e in t"e co(rt! of anot"er State wit"o(t it! con!ent or waiver? #"i! r($e i! a nece!!ar1 con!e/(ence of t"e 'rinci'$e! of in e'en ence an e/(a$it1 of State!? 7(t State i))(nit1 now e6ten ! on$1 to act! 2(re i)'erii? - #"e re!'on ent 2( &e reco&niBe t"e re!trictive octrine of State i))(nit1 w"en "e !ai in "i! Or er en1in& t"e efen ant!D 4now 'etitioner!5 )otion@ *A i!tinction !"o($ be )a e between a !trict$1 &overn)enta$ f(nction of t"e !overei&n !tate fro) it! 'rivate, 'ro'rietar1 or non-&overn)enta$ act!?* :owever, t"e re!'on ent 2( &e a$!o !ai @ *It i! t"e Co(rtD! con!i ere o'inion t"at enterin& into a contract for t"e re'air of w"arve! or !"ore$ine i! certain$1 not a &overn)enta$ f(nction a$t"o it )a1 'artaAe of a '(b$ic nat(re or c"aracter? - #"e re!trictive a''$ication of State i))(nit1 i! 'ro'er on$1 w"en t"e 'rocee in&! ari!e o(t of co))ercia$ tran!action! of t"e forei&n !overei&n, it! co))ercia$ activitie! or econo)ic affair!? State ifferent$1, a State )a1 be !ai to "ave e!cen e to t"e $eve$ of an in ivi (a$ an can t"(! be ee)e to "ave tacit$1 &iven it! con!ent to be !(e on$1 w"en it enter! into b(!ine!! contract!? It oe! not a''$1 w"ere t"e contract re$ate! to t"e e6erci!e of it! !overei&n f(nction!? In t"i! ca!e t"e 'ro2ect! are an inte&ra$ 'art of t"e nava$ ba!e w"ic" i! evote to t"e efen!e of bot" t"e Inite State! an t"e P"i$i''ine!, in i!'(tab$1 a f(nction of t"e &overn)ent of t"e "i&"e!t or er; t"e1 are not (ti$iBe for nor e icate to co))ercia$ or b(!ine!! '(r'o!e!? - #"at t"e correct te!t for t"e a''$ication of State i))(nit1 i! not t"e conc$(!ion of a contract b1 a State b(t t"e $e&a$ nat(re of t"e act i! !"own in S1/(ia v!? Lo'eB, >4 P"i$? .12 41-4-5? In t"at ca!e t"e '$aintiff! $ea!e t"ree a'art)ent b(i$ in&! to t"e Inite State! of A)erica for t"e (!e of it! )i$itar1 officia$!? #"e '$aintiff! !(e to recover 'o!!e!!ion of t"e 're)i!e! on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e ter) of t"e $ea!e! "a e6'ire , #"e1 a$!o a!Ae for increa!e renta$! (nti$ t"e a'art)ent! !"a$$ "ave been vacate ? It "e$ @ *On t"e ba!i! of t"e fore&oin& con!i eration! we are of t"e be$ief an we "o$ t"at t"e rea$ 'art1 efen ant in intere!t i! t"e <overn)ent of t"e Inite State! of A)erica; t"at an1 2( &)ent for bacA or increa!e renta$! or a)a&e! wi$$ "ave to be 'ai not b1 efen ant! Moore an #i$$)an an t"eir 84 co- efen ant! b(t b1 t"e !ai I?S? <overn)ent? On t"e ba!i! of t"e r($in& in t"e ca!e of Lan v!? 3o$$ar a$rea 1 cite , an on w"at we "ave a$rea 1 !tate , t"e 're!ent action )(!t be con!i ere a! one a&ain!t t"e I?S? <overn)ent? It i! c$ear t"at t"e

4. Up!n ! -e"# MOTIONS IN /ENERAL MOTION TO DISMISS UNDER RULE =5 US '. RUIZ =15 SCRA 9:2 ABAD SANTOS< M%( 88, =>:4
NATURE Petition to review to !et a!i e certain or er! an re!train t"e re!'on ent 2( &e fro) tr1in& Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 99--M of t"e ef(nct C+I of RiBa$? FACTS - IS "a a nava$ ba!e in S(bic, Sa)ba$e!? #"e ba!e wa! one of t"o!e 'rovi e in t"e Mi$itar1 7a!e! A&ree)ent between t"e P"i$i''ine! an t"e IS? - IS invite t"e !(b)i!!ion of bi ! for t"e fo$$owin& 'ro2ect!@ 1? Re'air fen er !1!te), A$ava ="arf at t"e I?S? ;ava$ Station S(bic 7a1, P"i$i''ine!? 2? Re'air t1'"oon a)a&e to ;AS C(bi !"ore$ine; re'air t1'"oon a)a&e to !"ore$ine revet)ent, ;A%7ASE S(bic; an re'air to Le1te ="arf a''roac", ;A%7ASE S(bic 7a1, P"i$i''ine!? - E$i&io e <(B)an N Co?, Inc? re!'on e to t"e invitation an !(b)itte bi !? IS re/(e!te it to confir) it! 'rice 'ro'o!a$! an for t"e na)e of it! bon in& co)'an1? #"e co)'an1 co)'$ie wit" t"e re/(e!t!?

91 co(rt! of t"e P"i$i''ine! inc$( in& t"e M(nici'a$ Co(rt of Mani$a "ave no 2(ri! iction over t"e 're!ent ca!e for (n$awf($ etainer? #"e /(e!tion of $acA of 2(ri! iction wa! rai!e an inter'o!e at t"e ver1 be&innin& of t"e action? #"e I?S? <overn)ent "a! not &iven it! con!ent to t"e fi$in& of t"i! !(it w"ic" i! e!!entia$$1 a&ain!t "er, t"o(&" not in na)e? Moreover, t"i! i! not on$1 a ca!e of a citiBen fi$in& a !(it a&ain!t "i! own <overn)ent wit"o(t t"e $atterD! con!ent b(t it i! of a citiBen fi$in& an action a&ain!t a forei&n &overn)ent wit"o(t !ai &overn)entD! con!ent, w"ic" ren er! )ore obvio(! t"e $acA of 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt! of "i! co(ntr1? #"e 'rinci'$e! of $aw be"in t"i! r($e are !o e$e)entar1 an of !(c" &enera$ acce'tance t"at we ee) it (nnece!!ar1 to cite a(t"oritie! in !(''ort t"ereof?* 4At '? .2.?5 - In S1/(ia, t"e Inite State! conc$( e contract! wit" 'rivate in ivi (a$! b(t t"e contract! notwit"!tan in& t"e Inite State! wa! not ee)e to "ave &iven or waive it! con!ent to be !(e for t"e rea!on t"at t"e contract! were for 2(re i)'erii an not for 2(re &e!tioni!? Disposition =:ERE+ORE, t"e 'etition i! &rante ; t"e /(e!tione or er! of t"e re!'on ent 2( &e are !et a!i e an Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 99--M i! i!)i!!e ? Co!t! a&ain!t t"e 'rivate re!'on ent? SEPARATE OPINION MAFASIAR, )i##en #? - #"e 'etition !"o($ be i!)i!!e an t"e 'rocee in&! in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 99--M in t"e ef(nct C+I 4now R#C5 of RiBa$ be a$$owe to contin(e t"erein? - ="en t"e I?S? <overn)ent, t"ro(&" it! a&enc1 at S(bic 7a1, confir)e t"e acce'tance of a bi of a 'rivate co)'an1 for t"e re'air of w"arve! or !"ore$ine in t"e S(bic 7a1 area, it i! ee)e to "ave entere into a contract an t"(! waive t"e )ant$e of !overei&n i))(nit1 fro) !(it an e!cen e to t"e $eve$ of t"e or inar1 citiBen? It! con!ent to be !(e , t"erefore, i! i)'$ie fro) it! act of enterin& into a contract? - ,(!tice an fairne!! ictate t"at a forei&n &overn)ent t"at co))it! a breac" of it! contract(a$ ob$i&ation - in t"e ca!e at bar b1 t"e (ni$atera$ cance$$ation of t"e awar for t"e 'ro2ect b1 t"e Inite State! &overn)ent, t"ro(&" it! a&enc1 at S(bic 7a1 - !"o($ not be a$$owe to taAe (n (e a vanta&e of a 'art1 w"o )a1 "ave $e&iti)ate c$ai)! a&ain!t it b1 !eeAin& ref(&e be"in t"e !"ie$ of non-!(abi$it1? A contrar1 view wo($ ren er a +i$i'ino citiBen, a! in t"e in!tant ca!e, "e$'$e!! an wit"o(t re re!! in "i! own co(ntr1 for vio$ation of "i! ri&"t! co))itte b1 t"e a&ent! of t"e forei&n &overn)ent 'rofe!!in& to act in it! na)e? - Con!tant re!ort b1 a forei&n !tate or it! a&ent! to t"e octrine of State i))(nit1 in t"i! 2(ri! iction i)'in&e! (n ($1 ('on o(r !overei&nt1 an i&nit1 a! a nation? It! a''$ication wi$$ 'artic($ar$1 i!co(ra&e +i$i'ino or o)e!tic contractor! fro) tran!actin& b(!ine!! an enterin& into contract! wit" Inite State! a(t"oritie! or faci$itie! in t"e P"i$i''ine! w"et"er nava$, air or &ro(n force! - beca(!e t"e iffic($t1, if not i)'o!!ibi$it1, of enforcin& a va$i $1 e6ec(te contract an of !eeAin& 2( icia$ re)e 1 in o(r own co(rt! for breac"e! of contract(a$ ob$i&ation co))itte b1 a&ent! of t"e Inite State! &overn)ent, a$wa1! $oo)! $ar&e, t"ereb1 "a)'erin& t"e &rowt" of +i$i'ino enter'ri!e! an creatin& a virt(a$ )ono'o$1 in o(r own co(ntr1 b1 Inite State! contractor! of contract! for !ervice! or !(''$ie! wit" t"e vario(! I?S? office! an a&encie! o'eratin& in t"e P"i$i''ine!? - In t"e ca!e at bar, t"e efficac1 of t"e contract between t"e I?S? ;ava$ a(t"oritie! at S(bic 7a1 on one "an , an "erein 'rivate re!'on ent on t"e ot"er, wa! "onore )ore in t"e breac" t"an in t"e co)'$iance? #"e o'inion of t"e )a2orit1 wi$$ certain$1 o'en t"e f$oo &ate! of )ore vio$ation! of contract(a$ ob$i&ation!? A)erican a(t"oritie! or an1 forei&n &overn)ent in t"e P"i$i''ine! for t"at )atter, ea$in& wit" t"e citiBen! of t"i! co(ntr1, can convenient$1 !eeA 'rotective cover (n er t"e )a2orit1 o'inion? #"e re!($t i! i!a!tro(! to t"e P"i$i''ine!? :ea of E6terna$ Affair! Office of SEA+3EC-AH3? :owever, "e wa! ter)inate a$$e&e $1 (e to financia$ con!traint! bein& e6'erience b1 SEA+EC-AH3? :e wa! !(''o!e to receive !e'aration benefit! b(t SEA+3EC-AH3 fai$e to 'a1 'rivate re!'on ent "i! !e'aration 'a1 !o LaBa&a fi$e a co)'$aint for non-'a1)ent of !e'aration benefit!, '$(! )ora$ a)a&e! an attorne10! fee! wit" t"e ;LRC? -In t"eir ANSWER WITH COUNTERCLAIM @NOT MOTION TO DISMISSA, SEA+3EC a$$e&e t"at ;LRC "a! n! .,"i#)ic i!n !'e" -e c%#e 6ec%,#e? 415 It i! an internationa$ or&aniBation; 425 LaBa&a )(!t fir!t !ec(re c$earance! fro) t"e 'ro'er e'art)ent! for 'ro'ert1 or )one1 acco(ntabi$it1 before an1 c$ai) for !e'aration 'a1 wi$$ be 'ai 4an c$earance! "a! not been 'ai 5 COI;#ERCLAIM@ LaBa&a "a 'ro'ert1 acco(ntabi$it1 an o(t!tan in& ob$i&ation to SEA+3EC-AH3 a)o(ntin& to P29, 5.2?11 an t"at LaBa&a wa! not entit$e to t"e accr(e !icA $eave benefit! (e to "i! fai$(re to avai$ of t"e !a)e (rin& "i! e)'$o1)ent -LA@ for LaBa&a -;LRC@ affir)e LA, e$ete attorne10! fee! an act(a$ a)a&e! -SEA+3EC-AH3 fi$e M+R, enie ISSUES =O; SEA+3EC-AH3 i! e!to''e fro) c$ai)in& t"at t"e co(rt "a no 2(ri! iction HELD ;O Ratio. E!to''e$ oe! not a''$1 to confer 2(ri! iction to a trib(na$ t"at "a! none over a ca(!e of action? ,(ri! iction i! conferre b1 $aw? ="ere t"ere i! none, no a&ree)ent of t"e 'artie! can 'rovi e one? Sett$e i! t"e r($e t"at t"e eci!ion of a trib(na$ not ve!te wit" a''ro'riate 2(ri! iction i! n($$ an voi ? -#"e $acA of 2(ri! iction of a co(rt )a1 be rai!e at an1 !ta&e of t"e 'rocee in&!, even on a''ea$? -#"e i!!(e of 2(ri! iction i! not $o!t b1 waiver or b1 e!to''e$

NATIONAL UNION VS STOLT-NIELSEN =:9 SCRA 5:8 MELENCIO-HERRERA, J.< Ap"i* 85, =>>B
NATURE Petition to review? Certiorari FACTS - Inite Cocon(t C"e)ica$! !"i''e on boar M# Sto$t Sce'tre, a tanAer owne b1 Sto$t-;ie$!en P"i$i''ine! 404 ton! of i!ti$$e C8-C1> fatt1 aci fro) 7atan&a! to Rotter a) ;et"er$an !?#"e car&o wa! in!(re wit" ;ationa$ Inion +ire In!(rance, an A)erican in!(rance co)'an1, t"r( it! P"i$i''ine A&ent, A)erican Internationa$ In erwriter!? - I'on arriva$ an after in!'ection, t"e !"i')ent wa! fo(n to be tota$$1 conta)inate an i!co$ore ? #"e Carrier enie t"e c$ai) b(t t"e In!(rer in e)nifie !ai !"i''er? A! !(bro&ee, t"e in!(rer fi$e !(it a&ain!t Carrier before t"e R#C to recover1 t"e !() of P1,81-,48-?21, t"e a)o(nt 'ai to t"e S"i''er? - Carrier fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e R#C "a no 2(ri! iction over t"e c$ai) t"e !a)e bein& arbitrab$e a! 'rovi e b1 t"e ter)! of t"e C"arter Part1 ate 21 3ece)ber 1->4 between S"i''er an Parce$ #anAer!? - In!(rer o''o!e t"e )otion on t"e &ro(n t"at it wa! not $e&a$$1 bo(n to !(b)it t"e c$ai) for arbitration a! t"e arbitration c$a(!e in t"e C"arter Part1 wa! not incor'orate into t"e 7i$$ of La in&? R#C enie t"e )otion to i!)i!! b(t i!!(e a re!o$(tion on t"e Motion to 3i!)i!! (nti$ tria$ on t"e )erit! !ince t"e &ro(n a$$e&e in !ai )otion oe! not a''ear in (bitab$e? - Carrier fi$e )otion for Certiorari an Pro"ibition wit" t"e CA !eeAin& to n($$if1 t"e R#C or er w"ic" it !et a!i e? - :ence t"e a''ea$ to t"e SC ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"e CA or er !ettin& a!i e t"e R#C or er, w"ic" wa! inter$oc(tor1, i! va$i 2? =O; t"e ter)! of t"e C"arter Part1, 'artic($ar$1 t"e 'rovi!ion on arbitration, bin in& on t"e In!(rer? HELD

SEAFDEC V NLRC @LAZA/AA @#,p"%A

NATURE Petition for certiorari to review t"e eci!ion of t"e ;LRC FACTS -SEA+3EC-AH3 i! a e'art)ent of an internationa$ or&aniBation, t"e So(t"ea!t A!ian +i!"erie! 3eve$o')ent Center? Private Re!'on ent LaBa&a wa! "ire a! a Re!earc" A!!ociate an event(a$$1 beca)e t"e

92 1? Ce!? <enera$$1, an inter$oc(tor1 or er cannot be t"e !(b2ect of a !'ecia$ civi$ action on certiorari an 'ro"ibition? ? :owever, t"e ca!e before (! fa$$! (n er t"e e6ce'tion? ="i$e a Co(rt Or er eferrin& action on a )otion to i!)i!! (nti$ t"e tria$ i! inter$oc(tor1 an cannot be c"a$$en&e (nti$ fina$ 2( &)ent, !ti$$, w"ere it c$ear$1 a''ear! t"at t"e tria$ ,( &e or Co(rt i! 'rocee in& in e6ce!! or o(t!i e of it! 2(ri! iction, t"e re)e 1 of 'ro"ibition wo($ $ie !ince it wo($ be (!e$e!! an a wa!te of ti)e to &o a"ea wit" t"e 'rocee in&!? 2? Ce!? A rea in& of t"e c"arter Part1 an t"e 7i$$ of La in& !"ow! t"at t"e In!(rer i! in fact bo(n to arbitration? C$ear$1, t"e 7i$$ of La in& incor'orate! b1 reference t"e ter)! of t"e C"arter Part1? It i! !ett$e $aw t"at t"e c"arter )a1 be )a e 'art of t"e contract (n er w"ic" t"e &oo ! are carrie b1 an a''ro'riate reference in t"e 7i$$ of La in& 4="arton Poor, C"arter Partie! an Ocean 7i$$! of La in& 45t" e ?, '? 915? #"i! !"o($ inc$( e t"e 'rovi!ion on arbitration even wit"o(t a !'ecific !ti'($ation to t"at effect? #"e entire contract )(!t be rea to&et"er an it! c$a(!e! inter'rete in re$ation to one anot"er an not b1 'art!? Moreover, in ca!e! w"ere a 7i$$ of La in& "a! been i!!(e b1 a carrier coverin& &oo ! !"i''e aboar a ve!!e$ (n er a c"arter 'art1, an t"e c"arterer i! a$!o t"e "o$ er of t"e bi$$ of $a in&, *t"e bi$$ of $a in& o'erate! a! t"e recei't for t"e &oo !, an a! oc()ent of tit$e 'a!!in&-t"e 'ro'ert1 of t"e &oo !, b(t not a! var1in& t"e contract between t"e c"arterer an t"e !"i'owner* 4In re Marine S($'"(r H(een, 480 + 2 >-, 10. V2 Cir? 1-92W; Mini!tr1 of Co))erce v!? Marine #anAer! Cor'? 1-4 +, S('' 181, 18. VS?3?;?C? 1-80W; <reen!tone S"i''in& Co?, S?A? v!? #ran!wor$ Oi$, Lt ?, 5>> + S('' V3?E$? 1->4W5? #"e 7i$$ of La in& beco)e!, t"erefore, on$1 a recei't an not t"e contract of carria&e in a c"arter of t"e entire ve!!e$, for t"e contract i! t"e C"arter Part1 4S"e$$ Oi$ Co? v!? MI# <i$ !, 9-0 + 2 120-, 1212 V5t" Cir? 1->8W; :o)e In!(rance Co? v!? A)erican Stea)!"i' A&encie!, Inc?, <?R? ;o? L-255--, 4 A'ri$ 1-8>, 2. SCRA 245, an i! t"e $aw between t"e 'artie! w"o are bo(n b1 it! ter)! an con ition 'rovi e t"at t"e!e are not contrar1 to $aw, )ora$!, &oo c(!to)!, '(b$ic or er an '(b$ic 'o$ic1 4Artic$e 1.08, Civi$ Co e5? Disposition Petition for certiorari i! enie an t"e 2( &)ent of t"e CA i! affir)e ? i$$e&iti)ate c"i$ fro) t"e $e&iti)ate 'arent of "i! fat"er, a!!()in& t"at !"e i! t"e c"i$ of Ma6i)ino 7a$o 425 co)'$aint oe! not !"ow t"at e!tate "ave been !ett$e an it! ob$i&ation! "ave been 'ai ? 4.5 'ro'ertie! en()erate in t"e co)'$aint were 'rocee e a&ain!t b1 wa1 of e6ec(tion to !ati!f1 a 2( &)ent a&ain!t E(&enio an Maria 7a$o? S(b!e/(ent$1, I$'iano re'(rc"a!e t"e 'ro'ertie! an "a! been o'en$1, e6c$(!ive$1 an a ver!e$1 in 'o!!e!!ion of t"e 'ro'ertie! - R#C enie t"e )otion to i!)i!! for $acA of )erit an !ai t"at t"e co)'$aint c$ear$1 !tate! t"at t"e $ate E(&enio 7a$o, Sr?, an Maria Pa!a&(i 7a$o "a two 425 c"i$ ren, na)e$1@ I$'iano, Sr? an Ma6i)ino? #"e '$aintiff i! t"e a(&"ter of t"e $ate Ma6i)ino 7a$o an Sa$vacion Sab($ao; w"i$e t"e efen ant! are c"i$ ren of t"e $ate I$'iano 7a$o, Sr? an +e$ici a S('erio? #"e co)'$aint en()erate!Eanne6e! 1. ta6 ec$aration! in t"e na)e of E(&enio 7a$o, Sr? #"e '$aintiff a! an "eir 'ra1! t"at t"e!e 'arce$! of $an be 'artitione in accor ance wit" Artic$e ->2 of t"e Civi$ Co e w"ic" !tate!@ F#"e &ran c"i$ ren an ot"er e!cen ant! !"a$$ in"erit b1 ri&"t of re're!entation, an if an1 one of t"e) !"o($ "ave ie , $eavin& !evera$ "eir!, t"e 'ortion 'ertainin& to "i) !"a$$ be ivi e a)on& t"e $atter in e/(a$ 'ortion!?L ;o evi ence )a1 be a$$e&e or con!i ere to te!t t"e !(fficienc1 of t"e co)'$aint e6ce't t"e ver1 fact! '$ea e t"erein? It wo($ be i)'ro'er to in2ect into t"e a$$e&ation, fact! not a$$e&e an (!e t"e) a! ba!i! for t"e eci!ion on t"e )otion? #"e Co(rt i! not 'er)itte to &o be1on an o(t!i e of t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint for ata or fact!? #"erefore, t"e a$$e&ation of i$$e&iti)ac1 an c$ai) of ab!o$(te owner!"i' are )o ification! an (nrea!onab$e inference!? If t"ere i! o(bt to t"e tr(t" of t"e fact! averre in t"e co)'$aint, t"e Co(rt oe! not i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint b(t re/(ire! an an!wer an 'rocee ! to "ear t"e ca!e on t"e )erit? - 7a$o0! fi$e an M+R w"ic" t"e R#C enie - 7a$o0! fi$e a Petition for Certiorari before t"e CA? After t"e fi$in& of Co))ent an ot"er '$ea in&!, t"e ca!e wa! ee)e !(b)itte for eci!ion? In a re!o$(tion, t"e CA enie (e co(r!e to t"e 'etition an accor in&$1 i!)i!!e t"e !a)e an 2(!tifie t"e i!)i!!a$ in t"e fo$$owin& )anner@ It i! an e!tab$i!"e r($e t"at an or er en1in& a )otion to i!)i!! i! ba!ica$$1 inter$oc(tor1 in c"aracter an cannot be t"e 'ro'er !(b2ect of a 'etition for certiorari? ="en a )otion to i!)i!! i! enie , t"e 'ro'er 'roce (re i! to 'rocee wit" t"e tria$ an if t"e eci!ion be a ver!e to t"e )ovant, t"e re)e 1 i! to taAe an a''ea$ fro) !ai eci!ion, a!!i&nin& a! one of t"e error! t"erefore t"e enia$ of t"e )otion to i!)i!!? - 7a$o0! fi$e an M+R w"ic" t"e CA enie ISSUES 1? =O; CA0! i!)i!!a$ of t"e 'etition for certiorari fi$e b1 t"e 7a$o0! i! va$i 2? =O; t"e fai$(re to a$$e&e t"e nat(re an e6tent of '$aintiff0! tit$e in a 'etition for 'artition i! fata$ to it! ca(!e of action .? =O; t"e action for 2( icia$ 'artition an acco(ntin& "a! 're!cribe , wa! waive , or wa! ot"erwi!e aban one HELD 1? ;O, CA !"o($ not "ave i!)i!!e t"e 'etition o(tri&"t a! t"e !a)e a$$e&e! &rave ab(!e of i!cretion? In!tea , it !"o($ "ave 'rocee e to eter)ine =O; t"e tria$ co(rt i co))it &rave ab(!e of i!cretion a! a$$e&e b1 t"e 7a$o0!? CA "avin& fai$e in t"i! re&ar , it be"oove! ('on t"i! Co(rt to i!c(!! t"e )erit! of t"e 'etition to '(t to re!t t"e i!!(e! rai!e b1 t"e 'etitioner!? Reasoning - #"e &enera$ r($e re&ar in& enia$ of a )otion to i!)i!! a! a ba!i! of a re!ort to t"e e6traor inar1 writ of certiorari i! t"at an or er en1in& a )otion to i!)i!! i! an inter$oc(tor1 or er w"ic" neit"er ter)inate! nor fina$$1 i!'o!e! of a ca!e a! it $eave! !o)et"in& to be one b1 t"e co(rt before t"e ca!e i! fina$$1 eci e on t"e )erit!? A! !(c", t"e &enera$ r($e i! t"at t"e enia$ of a )otion to i!)i!! cannot be /(e!tione in a !'ecia$ civi$ action for certiorari w"ic" i! a re)e 1 e!i&ne to correct error! of 2(ri! iction an not error! of 2( &)ent? #o 2(!tif1 t"e &rant of t"e e6traor inar1 re)e 1 of certiorari, t"erefore, t"e enia$ of t"e )otion to i!)i!! )(!t "ave been tainte wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion? 71 F&rave ab(!e of i!cretionL i! )eant, !(c" ca'ricio(! an w"i)!ica$ e6erci!e of 2( &)ent a! i! e/(iva$ent to $acA of 2(ri! iction? #"e ab(!e of i!cretion )(!t be &rave a! w"ere t"e 'ower i! e6erci!e in an arbitrar1 or e!'otic )anner b1 rea!on of 'a!!ion or 'er!ona$ "o!ti$it1 an )(!t be !o 'atent an &ro!! a! to

BALO V CA @JUD/E ASIS, /ARRIDOA /R N!. =8>2B9 CHICO-NAZARIO< Sep eD6e" 1B, 8BB4
NATURE Petition for review of CA Re!o$(tion (n er R($e 45 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt FACTS - co)'$aint for ,( icia$ Partition of Rea$ Pro'ertie! an Acco(ntin& wit" 3a)a&e! wa! fi$e b1 ,o!efina <arri o a&ain!t I$'iano 7a$o, L1 ia 7a$o-L()'a!, E(&enio 7a$o, I$'iano 7a$o, ,r?, ;i a 7a$o-Mora$eta, ;ora 7a$o-Catano, Sai a 7a$o, ,( it" 7a$o-Man reBa, 3ani$o 7a$o an Roni$o 7a$o, before R#C Ab(1o&, Le1te a$$e&in& t"at <arri o an 7a$o0! are t"e co-owner! of (n ivi e 'arce$! of $an $ocate at Ma1or&a, Le1te? Accor in& to "er, t"e!e $an ! were ori&ina$$1 owne b1 t"e !'o(!e! E(&enio 7a$o, Sr? an Ma? Pa!a&(i-7a$o, w"o, at t"e ti)e of t"e fi$in& of t"e co)'$aint, were a$rea 1 ecea!e ? #"e 7a$o !'o(!e! were !(rvive b1 t"eir two 425 c"i$ ren, I$'iano, Sr? an Ma6i)ino, t"e $atter $iAewi!e ecea!e ? <arri o i! t"e a(&"ter of Ma6i)ino 7a$o an Sa$vacion Sab($ao? I$'iano 7a$o i! t"e !on of E(&enio 7a$o, Sr? an t"e ot"er 'etitioner!, t"e c"i$ ren of I$'iano, are E(&enio0! &ran c"i$ ren? - <arri o a$$e&e in "er co)'$aint t"at i))e iate$1 ('on t"e eat" of "er &ran fat"er, E(&enio Sr?, t"e 7a$o0! tooA 'o!!e!!ion of t"e !ai rea$ 'ro'ertie! wit"o(t "er Anow$e &e an con!ent? :er (nc$e an co(!in! were earne!t$1 re/(e!te b1 <arri o t"at t"e1 co)e (' wit" a fair an e/(a$ 'artition of t"e 'ro'ertie! $eft b1 "er &ran 'arent!? #"e 7a$o0! o(tri&"t$1 ref(!e "er 'ro'o!a$? - <arri o fi$e a co)'$aint? In $ie( of an An!wer, 7a$o0! fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! on t"e fo$$owin& &ro(n !@ 415 +ai$(re to !tate a ca(!e of action - '$aintiff, t"o(&" a(&"ter of Ma6i)ino, fai$e to a$$e&e =O; !"e i! a $e&iti)ate c"i$ t"(! fata$ con!i erin& A--2 CC an to a$$ow <arri o to in"erit fro) t"e e!tate of t"e !'o(!e! E(&enio an Maria 7a$o in re're!entation of "er fat"er Ma6i)ino 7a$o wo($ be to 'er)it inte!tate !(cce!!ion b1 an

9. a)o(nt to an eva!ion of 'o!itive (t1 or to a virt(a$ ref(!a$ to 'erfor) t"e (t1 en2oine b1 or to act a$$ in conte)'$ation of $aw? - S'ecific in!tance! w"ereb1 t"e r($e a )it! certain e6ce'tion! are 'rovi e a! fo$$ow!@ In er certain !it(ation!, reco(r!e to certiorari or )an a)(! i! con!i ere a''ro'riate, i?e?, 4a5 w"en t"e tria$ co(rt i!!(e t"e or er wit"o(t or in e6ce!! of 2(ri! iction; 4b5 w"ere t"ere i! 'atent &rave ab(!e of i!cretion b1 t"e tria$ co(rt; or 4c5 a''ea$ wo($ not 'rove to be a !'ee 1 an a e/(ate re)e 1 a! w"en an a''ea$ wo($ not 'ro)'t$1 re$ieve a efen ant fro) t"e in2(rio(! effect! of t"e 'atent$1 )i!taAen or er )aintainin& t"e '$aintiff0! ba!e$e!! action an co)'e$$in& t"e efen ant nee $e!!$1 to &o t"ro(&" a 'rotracte tria$ an c$o&&in& t"e co(rt ocAet! b1 anot"er f(ti$e ca!e - Contrar1 to 'etitioner!0 contention, a$$e&ation! !(fficient to !(''ort a ca(!e of action for 'artition )a1 be fo(n in 'rivate re!'on ent0! co)'$aint? ;ot"in& i! )ore !ett$e t"an t"e r($e t"at in a )otion to i!)i!! for fai$(re to !tate a ca(!e of action, t"e in/(ir1 i! into t"e !(fficienc1, not t"e veracit1, of t"e )ateria$ a$$e&ation!? Moreover, t"e in/(ir1 i! confine to t"e fo(r corner! of t"e co)'$aint, an no ot"er? - Section 1, R($e > of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re 'rovi e! t"at t"e co)'$aint nee ! on$1 to a$$e&e t"e ($ti)ate fact! ('on w"ic" 'rivate re!'on ent ba!e! "er c$ai)? #"e r($e! of 'roce (re re/(ire t"at t"e co)'$aint )(!t )aAe a conci!e !tate)ent of t"e ($ti)ate fact! or t"e e!!entia$ fact! con!tit(tin& t"e '$aintiff0! ca(!e of action? A fact i! e!!entia$ if it cannot be !tricAen o(t wit"o(t $eavin& t"e !tate)ent of t"e ca(!e of action ina e/(ate? - In "er Co)'$aint, t"e 'rivate re!'on ent )a e t"e fo$$owin& a!!ertion!@ #"at t"e afore- e!cribe 'arce$! of $an ! were ori&ina$$1 owne b1 E(&enio 7a$o, Sr? an Ma? Pa!a&(i-7a$o, w"o are now bot" ecea!e an after t"eir eat", were in"erite into two 425 e/(a$ !"are! b1 t"eir two 425 c"i$ ren, na)e$1@ I$'iano, Sr? an Ma6i)ino, bot" !(rna)e 7a$o, t"e $ater 4!ic5 bein& a$rea 1 ea ; #"at '$aintiff i! t"e a(&"ter of t"e $ate Ma6i)ino 7a$o an Sa$vacion Sab($ao, w"o after "er fat"er0! eat", "a in"erite "er fat"er0! !"are of t"e in"eritance; #"at efen ant I$'iano 7a$o, Sr? a!i e fro) bein& t"e !on of E(&enio 7a$o, Sr?, i! )arrie to +e$ici a S('erio, an i! t"e fat"er of a$$ t"e ot"er efen ant! in t"i! ca!e; #"e efen ant! tooA 'o!!e!!ion of t"e above- e!cribe rea$ 'ro'ertie! i))e iate$1 after t"e eat" of '$aintiff0! &ran fat"er E(&enio 7a$o, Sr? wit"o(t "er Anow$e &e an con!ent; #"at '$aintiff i! e!iro(! t"at t"e abovee!cribe rea$ 'ro'ertie! be 'artitione between "er an efen ant!; #"at '$aintiff "a! 'ro'o!e to t"e efen ant! t"at t"e above- e!cribe rea$ 'ro'ertie! be a)icab$1 'artitione between t"e) b1 )(t(a$ a&ree)ent in a ver1 fair an 'ractica$ ivi!ion of t"e !a)e, b(t !ai efen ant! ref(!e an contin(e to o !o wit"o(t an1 2(!tifiab$e ca(!e or rea!on to acce e to t"e 'artition of t"e !ai 'ro'ertie!? #"e fore&oin& a$$e&ation! !"ow !(b!tantia$ co)'$iance wit" t"e for)a$ an !(b!tantia$ re/(ire)ent! of a Co)'$aint for Partition a! re/(ire (n er Section 1, R($e 8- of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re? 2? ;O - 7riB v? 7riB@ 'roof of $e&a$ acAnow$e &)ent i! not a 'rere/(i!ite before an action for 'artition )a1 be fi$e ? #"ere i! no ab!o$(te nece!!it1 re/(irin& t"at t"e action to co)'e$ acAnow$e &)ent !"o($ "ave been in!tit(te an 'ro!ec(te to a !(cce!!f($ conc$(!ion 'rior to t"e action in w"ic" t"at !a)e '$aintiff !eeA! a itiona$ re$ief in t"e c"aracter of "eir? - In a co)'$aint for 'artition, t"e '$aintiff !eeA!, fir!t, a ec$aration t"at "e i! a co-owner of t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ertie!; an !econ , t"e conve1ance of "i! $awf($ !"are!? A! t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! correct$1 "e$ , an action for 'artition i! at once an action for ec$aration of coowner!"i' an for !e&re&ation an conve1ance of a eter)ine 'ortion of t"e 'ro'ertie! invo$ve ? If t"e efen ant a!!ert! e6c$(!ive tit$e over t"e 'ro'ert1, t"e action for 'artition !"o($ not be i!)i!!e ? Rat"er, t"e co(rt !"o($ re!o$ve t"e ca!e an if t"e '$aintiff i! (nab$e to !(!tain "i! c$ai)e !tat(! a! a co-owner, t"e co(rt !"o($ i!)i!! t"e action, not beca(!e t"e wron& re)e 1 wa! avai$e of, b(t beca(!e no ba!i! e6i!t! for re/(irin& t"e efen ant to !(b)it to 'artition? If, on t"e ot"er "an , t"e co(rt after tria$ !"o($ fin t"e e6i!tence of co-owner!"i' a)on& t"e 'artie!, t"e co(rt )a1 an !"o($ or er t"e 'artition of t"e 'ro'ertie! in t"e !a)e action? .? ;O - On t"e )atter of 're!cri'tion cite b1 t"e 'etitioner! a! a &ro(n for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint, it i! notewort"1 t"at t"e )otion to i!)i!! fi$e b1 t"e 7a$o0! i not i'!o facto e!tab$i!" 're!cri'tion? An a$$e&ation of 're!cri'tion can effective$1 be (!e in a )otion to i!)i!! on$1 w"en t"e co)'$aint on it! face !"ow! t"at in ee t"e action "a! a$rea 1 're!cribe ; ot"erwi!e, t"e i!!(e of 're!cri'tion i! one invo$vin& evi entiar1 )atter! re/(irin& a f($$-b$own tria$ on t"e )erit! an cannot be eter)ine in a )ere )otion to i!)i!!? Disposition in!tant Petition i! 3E;IE3 an t"e eci!ion of CA affir)in& t"e Or er of t"e R#C i! affir)e

SEA-LAND SERVICE INC V CA @A.P. MOLLER0 MAERSF LINEA 00 SCRA 00 C;ARES-SA;#IA<O; Marc" 2, 2000
NATURE Petition for review on certiorari eci!ion of CA FACTS - Sea-$an Service Inc an AP Mo$$erEMaer!A Line 4AMML5 are bot" carrier! of car&o an co))on carrier!? #"e1 entere into a contract entit$e FCoo'eration in t"e Pacific,L w"ic" i! e!!entia$$1 a ve!!e$ !"arin& a&ree)ent w"ereb1 t"e1 )(t(a$$1 a&ree to '(rc"a!e, !"are, an e6c"an&e nee e !'ace for car&o in t"eir re!'ective container!"i'!? In er t"e A&ree)ent, t"e1 co($ be, e'en in& on t"e occa!ion, eit"er a 'rinci'a$ carrier 4wit" a ne&otiab$e bi$$ of $a in& or ot"er contract of carria&e wit" re!'ect to car&o5 or a container!"i' o'erator 4owner, o'erator or c"arterer of container!"i' on w"ic" t"e car&o i! carrie 5? - 3(rin& t"e $ifeti)e of t"e contract, +$ore6 e$ivere to AMML car&o of vario(! foo !t(ff!? A corre!'on in& 7i$$ of La in& wa! i!!(e b1 AMML to +$ore6? P(r!(ant to t"e a&ree)ent, AMML $oa e t"e car&o to a ve!!e$ of Sea-$an ? #"(!, (n er t"i! arran&e)ent, AMML wa! t"e 'rinci'a$ carrier w"i$e Sea-$an wa! t"e container!"i' o'erator? - :owever, t"e con!i&nee 4not na)e in t"e ca!e5 ref(!e 'a1 for t"e car&o, a$$e&in& t"at e$iver1 wa! e$a1e ? +$ore6 t"en fi$e a co)'$aint a&ain!t AMML for rei)b(r!e)ent of t"e va$(e of t"e car&o - AMML0! an!wer@ even on t"e a!!()'tion t"at +$ore6 wa! entit$e to rei)b(r!e)ent, it wa! Sea-$an w"o !"o($ be $iab$e? #"(!, AMML fi$e a .r Part1 Co)'$aint a&ain!t Sea-Lan , averrin& t"at w"atever a)a&e! !(!taine b1 +$ore6 were ca(!e b1 Sea-Lan , w"ic" act(a$$1 receive an tran!'orte +$ore6D! car&o on it! ve!!e$! an (n$oa e t"e)? - Sea-$an fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! t"e . r 'art1 co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n of fai$(re to !tate a ca(!e of action an $acA of 2(ri! iction, t"e a)o(nt of a)a&e! not "avin& been !'ecifie t"erein? A$!o, Sea-Lan 'ra1e for eit"er i!)i!!a$ or !(!'en!ion of t"e . r 'art1 co)'$aint on t"e &ro(n t"at t"ere e6i!t! an arbitration a&ree)ent between it an AMML - R#C enie )otion to i!)i!!? Sea-Lan fi$e 'etition for certiorari wit" CA@ i!)i!!e ? :ence, t"i! a''ea$? =O; t"e .r 'art1 co)'$aint !"o($ "ave been i!)i!!e HELD CES Ratio AMML i! barre fro) taAin& 2( icia$ action a&ain!t Sea-Lan b1 t"e c$ear ter)! of t"eir A&ree)ent? Reasoning #o a$$ow AMMLD! .r Part1 C$ai) a&ain!t Sea-Lan to 'rocee wo($ be in vio$ation of C$a(!e 18?2 of t"e A&ree)ent? A! !())ariBe , t"e c$a(!e 'rovi e! t"at w"atever i!'(te t"ere )a1 be between t"e Princi'a$ Carrier an t"e Container!"i' O'erator ari!in& fro) contract! of carria&e !"a$$ be &overne b1 t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e bi$$! of $a in& ee)e i!!(e to t"e Princi'a$ Carrier b1 t"e Container!"i' O'erator? On t"e ot"er "an , to !(!tain t"e . r Part1 Co)'$aint wo($ be to a$$ow AMML to "o$ Sea-Lan $iab$e (n er t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e bi$$ of $a in& i!!(e b1 t"e Princi'a$ Carrier to +$ore6, (n er w"ic" t"e $atter i! !(in& in it! Co)'$aint, not (n er t"e bi$$ of $a in& 'etitioner, a! container!"i' o'erator, i!!(e to AMML, a! Princi'a$ Carrier, contrar1 to w"at i! conte)'$ate in C$a(!e 18?2? - A! t"e Princi'a$ Carrier wit" w"ic" +$ore6 irect$1 ea$t wit", AMML can an !"o($ be "e$ acco(ntab$e b1 +$ore6 in t"e event t"at it "a! a va$i c$ai) a&ain!t t"e for)er? P(r!(ant to C$a(!e 18?. of t"e A&ree)ent, AMML, w"en face wit" !(c" a !(it F!"a$$ (!e a$$ rea!onab$e en eavo(r! to efen L it!e$f or F!ett$e !(c" !(it! for a! $ow a fi&(re a! rea!onab$1 'o!!ib$eL? In t(rn, AMML can !eeA a)a&e! an Eor in e)nit1 fro) Sea-Lan a! Container!"i' O'erator for w"atever fina$ 2( &)ent )a1 be a 2( &e a&ain!t it (n er t"e Co)'$aint of +$ore6? #"e cr(cia$ 'oint i! t"at co$$ection of !ai

94 a)a&e! an Eor in e)nit1 fro) Sea-Lan !"o($ be b1 arbitration? In t"e $i&"t of t"e A&ree)ent, it i! c$ear t"at arbitration i! t"e )o e 'rovi e b1 w"ic" AMML a! Princi'a$ Carrier can !eeA a)a&e! an Eor in e)nit1 fro) Sea-Lan , a! Container!"i' O'erator? - Arbitration bein& t"e )o e of !ett$e)ent between t"e 'artie! e6're!!$1 'rovi e for b1 t"e A&ree)ent, t"e . r Part1 Co)'$aint !"o($ "ave been i!)i!!e ? F#"i! Co(rt "a! 'revio(!$1 "e$ t"at arbitration i! one of t"e a$ternative )et"o ! of i!'(te re!o$(tion t"at i! now ri&"tf($$1 va(nte a! Yt"e wave of t"e f(t(re0 in internationa$ re$ation!, an i! reco&niBe wor$ wi e? #o br(!" a!i e a contract(a$ a&ree)ent ca$$in& for arbitration in ca!e of i!a&ree)ent between t"e 'artie! wo($ t"erefore be a !te' bacAwar ?L 4botto)$ine, t"e co(rt con!i ere t"e e6i!tence of t"e arbitration c$a(!e a! bin in& between t"e 'artie!, t"(! a &ro(n for i!)i!!a$ of t"e . r 'art1 co)'$aint5 O&iter@ FCA i not err in rea in& t"e Co)'$aint of +$ore6 an AMMLD! An!wer to&et"er wit" t"e . r Part1 Co)'$aint to eter)ine w"et"er a ca(!e of action i! 'ro'er$1 a$$e&e ? In +i$-E!tate <o$f an 3eve$o')ent, Inc? v!? CA, t"i! Co(rt r($e t"at in t"e eter)ination of w"et"er or not t"e co)'$aint !tate! a ca(!e of action, t"e anne6e! attac"e to t"e co)'$aint )a1 be con!i ere , t"e1 bein& 'art! of t"e co)'$aint?L Disposition Petition i! &rante ? - In it! eci!ion of 5 Se'te)ber 200., t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! enie 'etitioner0! a''ea$ an affir)e in toto t"e eci!ion of t"e tria$ co(rt? - #"e 'etitioner ca)e to t"i! Co(rt "ar'in& on t"e ab!ence of a ca(!e of action at t"e ti)e t"e 'rivate re!'on ent0! co)'$aint wa! fi$e wit" t"e tria$ co(rt? ISSUE@ Ma1 a co)'$aint t"at $acA! a ca(!e of action at t"e ti)e it wa! fi$e be c(re b1 t"e accr(a$ of a ca(!e of action (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of t"e ca!eQ HELD@ ;o, it cannot be c(re ? T-e c,"in+ e&&ec ,n)e" Sec i!n 4 i# %pp*ic%6*e onl% if a cause of action in fact e ists at the ti$e the co$plaint is filed( &ut the co$plaint is defective for failure to allege the essential facts. #"e inter'retation of Section 5, R($e 10 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re b1 t"e #C an CA i! erroneo(!? RATIO@ - It i! (n i!'(te t"at t"e t"ree 'ro)i!!or1 note! were for t"e a)o(nt of P50,000 eac" an (nifor)$1 'rovi e for 415 a ter) of t"ree 1ear!; 425 an intere!t of 15 J 'er ann(), 'a1ab$e /(arter$1; an 4.5 t"e re'a1)ent of t"e 'rinci'a$ $oan! after t"ree 1ear! fro) t"eir re!'ective ate!? :owever, bot" t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! an t"e tria$ co(rt fo(n t"at a rene&otiation of t"e t"ree 'ro)i!!or1 note! in ee "a''ene in 3ece)ber 1--9 between t"e 'rivate re!'on ent an t"e 'etitioner re!($tin& in t"e re (ction M not waiver M of t"e intere!t fro) 15J to 8J 'er ann(), w"ic" fro) t"en on wa! 'a1ab$e )ont"$1, in!tea of /(arter$1? #"e ter) of t"e 'rinci'a$ $oan! re)aine (nc"an&e in t"at t"e1 were !ti$$ (e t"ree 1ear! fro) t"e re!'ective ate! of t"e 'ro)i!!or1 note!? #"(!, at t"e ti)e t"e co)'$aint wa! fi$e wit" t"e tria$ co(rt on 2 +ebr(ar1 1---, none of t"e t"ree 'ro)i!!or1 note! wa! (e 1et; a$t"o(&", two of t"e 'ro)i!!or1 note! wit" t"e (e ate! of 9 A(&(!t 1--- an 14 Marc" 2000 )at(re (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of t"e ca!e wit" t"e tria$ co(rt? 7ot" co(rt! a$!o fo(n t"at t"e 'etitioner "a been re$i&io(!$1 'a1in& t"e 'rivate re!'on ent ISZ950 'er )ont" fro) ,an(ar1 1--> an even (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of t"e ca!e before t"e tria$ co(rt an t"at t"e 'rivate re!'on ent "a acce'te a$$ t"e!e )ont"$1 'a1)ent!? - =it" t"e!e fin in&! of fact!, it "a! beco)e &$arin&$1 obvio(! t"at w"en t"e co)'$aint for a !() of )one1 an a)a&e! wa! fi$e wit" t"e tria$ co(rt on 2 +ebr(ar1 1---, no ca(!e of action "a! a! 1et e6i!te beca(!e t"e 'etitioner "a not co))itte an1 act in vio$ation of t"e ter)! of t"e t"ree 'ro)i!!or1 note! a! )o ifie b1 t"e rene&otiation in 3ece)ber 1--9? =it"o(t a ca(!e of action, t"e 'rivate re!'on ent "a no ri&"t to )aintain an action in co(rt, an t"e tria$ co(rt !"o($ "ave t"erefore i!)i!!e "i! co)'$aint? - 3e!'ite it! fin in& t"at t"e 'etitioner cor'oration i not vio$ate t"e )o ifie ter)! of t"e t"ree 'ro)i!!or1 note! an t"at t"e 'a1)ent of t"e 'rinci'a$ $oan! were not 1et (e w"en t"e co)'$aint wa! fi$e , t"e tria$ co(rt i not i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint, citin& Section 5, R($e 10 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, w"ic" rea !@ Section 5? Amendment to conform to or authori&e presentation of evidence? G ="en i!!(e! not rai!e b1 t"e '$ea in&! are trie wit" t"e e6're!! or i)'$ie con!ent of t"e 'artie!, t"e1 !"a$$ be treate in a$$ re!'ect! a! if t"e1 "a been rai!e in t"e '$ea in&!? S(c" a)en )ent of t"e '$ea in&! a! )a1 be nece!!ar1 to ca(!e t"e) to confor) to t"e evi ence an to rai!e t"e!e i!!(e! )a1 be )a e ('on )otion of an1 'art1 at an1 ti)e, even after 2( &)ent; b(t fai$(re to a)en oe! not affect t"e re!($t of t"e tria$ of t"e!e i!!(e!? If evi ence i! ob2ecte to at t"e tria$ on t"e &ro(n t"at it i! not wit"in t"e i!!(e! )a e b1 t"e '$ea in&!, t"e co(rt )a1 a$$ow t"e '$ea in&! to be a)en e an !"a$$ o !o wit" $ibera$it1 if t"e 're!entation of t"e )erit! of t"e action an t"e en ! of !(b!tantia$ 2(!tice wi$$ be !(b!erve t"ereb1? #"e co(rt )a1 &rant a contin(ance to enab$e t"e a)en )ent to be )a e? Accor in& to t"e tria$ co(rt, an !(!taine b1 t"e Co(rt of A''ea$!, t"i! Section a$$ow! a co)'$aint t"at oe! not !tate a ca(!e of action to be

SWA/MAN HOTELS V. CA <?R? 1811.5 3avi e, ,r?, C?,?@ A'ri$ >, 2005
FACTS@ - So)eti)e in 1--8 an 1--9, 'etitioner Swa&)an :ote$! an #rave$, Inc?, t"ro(&" Att1? Leonor L? Infante an Ro ne1 3avi :e&ert1, it! 're!i ent an vice-'re!i ent, re!'ective$1, obtaine fro) 'rivate re!'on ent ;ea$ 7? C"ri!tian $oan! evi ence b1 t"ree 'ro)i!!or1 note! ate 9 A(&(!t 1--8, 14 Marc" 1--9, an 14 ,($1 1--9? Eac" of t"e 'ro)i!!or1 note! i! in t"e a)o(nt of ISZ50,000 'a1ab$e after t"ree 1ear! fro) it! ate wit" an intere!t of 15J 'er ann() 'a1ab$e ever1 t"ree )ont"!? In a $etter ate 18 3ece)ber 1-->, C"ri!tian infor)e t"e 'etitioner cor'oration t"at "e wa! ter)inatin& t"e $oan! an e)an e fro) t"e $atter 'a1)ent in t"e tota$ a)o(nt of ISZ150,000 '$(! (n'ai intere!t! in t"e tota$ a)o(nt of ISZ1.,500? - On 2 +ebr(ar1 1---, 'rivate re!'on ent C"ri!tian fi$e wit" t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt of 7a&(io Cit1, 7ranc" 5-, a co)'$aint for a !() of )one1 an a)a&e! a&ain!t t"e 'etitioner cor'oration, :e&ert1, an Att1? Infante? - #"e 'etitioner cor'oration, to&et"er wit" it! 're!i ent an vice're!i ent, fi$e an An!wer rai!in& a! efen!e! $acA of ca(!e of action an novation of t"e 'rinci'a$ ob$i&ation!? Accor in& to t"e), C"ri!tian "a no ca(!e of action beca(!e t"e t"ree 'ro)i!!or1 note! were not 1et (e an e)an ab$e? - In (e co(r!e an after "earin&, t"e tria$ co(rt ren ere a eci!ion on 5 Ma1 2000 ec$arin& t"e fir!t two 'ro)i!!or1 note! ate 9 A(&(!t 1--8 an 14 Marc" 1--9 a! a$rea 1 (e an e)an ab$e an t"at t"e intere!t on t"e $oan! "a been re (ce b1 t"e 'artie! fro) 15J to 8J 'er ann()? #"e #C rea!one @ ="en t"e in!tant ca!e wa! fi$e on +ebr(ar1 2, 1---, none of t"e 'ro)i!!or1 note! wa! (e an e)an ab$e? A! of t"i! ate "owever, t"e fir!t an t"e !econ 'ro)i!!or1 note! "ave a$rea 1 )at(re ? :ence, 'a1)ent i! a$rea 1 (e? In er Section 5 of R($e 10 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, a co)'$aint w"ic" !tate! no ca(!e of action )a1 be c(re b1 evi ence 're!ente wit"o(t ob2ection? #"(!, even if t"e '$aintiff "a no ca(!e of action at t"e ti)e "e fi$e t"e in!tant co)'$aint, a! efen ant!0 ob$i&ation are not 1et (e an e)an ab$e t"en, "e )a1 nevert"e$e!! recover on t"e fir!t two 'ro)i!!or1 note! in view of t"e intro (ction of evi ence !"owin& t"at t"e ob$i&ation! covere b1 t"e two 'ro)i!!or1 note! are now (e an e)an ab$e?

95 c(re b1 evi ence 're!ente wit"o(t ob2ection (rin& t"e tria$? #"(!, it r($e t"at even if t"e 'rivate re!'on ent "a no ca(!e of action w"en "e fi$e t"e co)'$aint for a !() of )one1 an a)a&e! beca(!e none of t"e t"ree 'ro)i!!or1 note! wa! (e 1et, "e co($ nevert"e$e!! recover on t"e fir!t two 'ro)i!!or1 note! ate 9 A(&(!t 1--8 an 14 Marc" 1--9, w"ic" beca)e (e (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of t"e ca!e in view of t"e intro (ction of evi ence of t"eir )at(rit1 (rin& t"e tria$? - S(c" inter'retation of Section 5, R($e 10 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re i! erroneo(!? - A)en )ent! of '$ea in&! are a$$owe (n er R($e 10 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re in or er t"at t"e act(a$ )erit! of a ca!e )a1 be eter)ine in t"e )o!t e6'e itio(! an ine6'en!ive )anner wit"o(t re&ar to tec"nica$itie!, an t"at a$$ ot"er )atter! inc$( e in t"e ca!e )a1 be eter)ine in a !in&$e 'rocee in&, t"ereb1 avoi in& )($ti'$icit1 of !(it!? Section 5 t"ereof a''$ie! to !it(ation! w"erein evi ence not wit"in t"e i!!(e! rai!e in t"e '$ea in&! i! 're!ente b1 t"e 'artie! (rin& t"e tria$, an to confor) to !(c" evi ence t"e '$ea in&! are !(b!e/(ent$1 a)en e on )otion of a 'art1? #"(!, a co)'$aint w"ic" fai$! to !tate a ca(!e of action )a1 be c(re b1 evi ence 're!ente (rin& t"e tria$? - :owever, t"e c(rin& effect (n er Section 5 i! a''$icab$e onl! if a cause of action in fact e%ists at the time the complaint is filed# ut the complaint is defective for failure to allege the essential facts ? - A co)'$aint w"o!e ca(!e of action "a! not 1et accr(e cannot be c(re or re)e ie b1 an a)en e or !(''$e)enta$ '$ea in& a$$e&in& t"e e6i!tence or accr(a$ of a ca(!e of action w"i$e t"e ca!e i! 'en in&? S(c" an action i! 're)at(re$1 bro(&"t an i!, t"erefore, a &ro(n $e!! !(it, w"ic" !"o($ be i!)i!!e b1 t"e co(rt ('on 'ro'er )otion !ea!onab$1 fi$e b1 t"e efen ant? #"e (n er$1in& rea!on for t"i! r($e i! t"at a 'er!on !"o($ not be !())one before t"e '(b$ic trib(na$! to an!wer for co)'$aint! w"ic" are i))at(re? DISPOSITION@ #"e 'etition i! "ereb1 <RA;#E3 t"e ve"ic$e wa! a $e&a$ i)'e i)ent t"at 'revente it! !(b!e/(ent !a$e? Second, Re!'on ent S1 "a a ri&"t to 'rotect an a warrant1 to enforce, w"i$e 'etitioner "a t"e corre!'on in& ob$i&ation to "onor t"at warrant1? <oo 1ear )ove for recon!i eration, w"ic" CA enie ? I##,e# =O; t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint !tate! a ca(!e of action a&ain!t <oo 1ear He*) ;o? #"e #"ir -Part1 Co)'$aint fi$e b1 S1 i! ina e/(ate, beca(!e it i not a$$e&e an1 act or o)i!!ion t"at 'etitioner "a co))itte in vio$ation of "i! ri&"t to t"e !(b2ect ve"ic$e? Reasoning; A ca(!e of action i! a for)a$ !tate)ent of t"e o'erative fact! t"at &ive ri!e to a re)e ia$ ri&"t? #"e /(e!tion of w"et"er t"e co)'$aint !tate! a ca(!e of action i! eter)ine b1 it! aver)ent! re&ar in& t"e act! co))itte b1 t"e efen ant? #"(!, it F)(!t contain a conci!e !tate)ent of t"e ($ti)ate or e!!entia$ fact! con!tit(tin& t"e '$aintiff0! ca(!e of action?L +ai$(re to )aAe a !(fficient a$$e&ation of a ca(!e of action in t"e co)'$aint Fwarrant! it! i!)i!!a$?L E*eDen # !& % C%,#e !& Ac i!n A ca(!e of action, w"ic" i! an act or o)i!!ion b1 w"ic" a 'art1 vio$ate! t"e ri&"t of anot"er, "a! t"e!e e$e)ent!@ 15 t"e $e&a$ ri&"t of t"e '$aintiff; 25 t"e corre$ative ob$i&ation of t"e efen ant to re!'ect t"at $e&a$ ri&"t; an .5 an act or o)i!!ion of t"e efen ant t"at vio$ate! !(c" ri&"t?L TEST In eter)inin& w"et"er an initiator1 '$ea in& !tate! a ca(!e of action a )ittin& t"e tr(t" of t"e fact! a$$e&e , can t"e co(rt ren er a va$i 2( &)ent in accor ance wit" t"e 'ra1erQL #o be taAen into acco(nt are on$1 t"e )ateria$ a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint; e6traneo(! fact! an circ()!tance! or ot"er )atter! aliunde are not con!i ere ? #"e co(rt )a1 con!i er -- in a ition to t"e co)'$aint -- t"e a''en e anne6e! or oc()ent!, ot"er '$ea in&! of t"e '$aintiff, or a )i!!ion! in t"e recor !? In t"e 're!ent ca!e, t"e t"ir e$e)ent i! )i!!in&? #"e #"ir -Part1 Co)'$aint fi$e b1 S1 i! ina e/(ate, beca(!e it i not a$$e&e an1 act or o)i!!ion t"at 'etitioner "a co))itte in vio$ation of "i! ri&"t to t"e !(b2ect ve"ic$e? #"e Co)'$aint ca'ita$iBe )ere$1 on t"e fact t"at t"e ve"ic$e -- accor in& to t"e recor ! of t"e P;P, w"ic" wa! a !tran&er to t"e ca!e -- wa! Fa !to$en ve"ic$e?L #"e '$ea in& i not contain F!(fficient notice of t"e ca(!e of actionL a&ain!t 'etitioner? wit"o(t even &oin& into t"e veracit1 of it! )ateria$ a$$e&ation!, t"e Co)'$aint i! in!(fficient on it! face? ;o connection wa! $ai o(t between t"e owner0! !a$e of t"e ve"ic$e an it! i)'o(n in& b1 t"e P;P? #"at t"e 'o$ice i not $ift t"e a$ert !tat(! i not )aAe 'etitioner $e!! of an owner? #"e 3ee of Sa$e between 'etitioner an Re!'on ent S1 wa! attac"e a! Anne6 A to t"e #"ir -Part1 Co)'$aint fi$e b1 t"e $atter a&ain!t t"e for)er? #"e 3ee !tate t"at 'etitioner wa! t"e ab!o$(te owner of t"e !(b2ect ve"ic$e? ;o contrar1 a!!ertion wa! )a e in t"e Co)'$aint? :ence, t"e tria$ co(rt correct$1 ob!erve t"at t"e Co)'$aint "a fai$e to !"ow t"at, at t"e ti)e of it! !a$e to Re!'on ent S1, t"e ve"ic$e be$on&e to a 'er!on ot"er t"an 'etitioner?

/OODYEAR V. SY /.R. =49449 PAN/ANIBAN<N!' >, 8BB4

N% ,"e Petition for Review (n er R($e 45 F%c # In 1->. <oo 1ear P"i$i''ine! '(rc"a!e fro) In (!tria$ an #ran!'ort E/(i')ent, Inc? an I!(Bo ,CR 8-="ee$er? t"e tr(cA wa! "i2acAe on A'ri$ .0, 1->8? #"i! "i2acAin& wa! re'orte to t"e P"i$i''ine ;ationa$ Po$ice 4P;P5 w"ic" i!!(e o(t an a$ert a$ar) on t"e !ai ve"ic$e a! a !to$en one?It wa! $ater on recovere a$!o in 1->8? <oo 1ear !o$ it to Ant"on1 S1 on Se'te)ber 12, 1--8?S1, in t(rn, !o$ it to ,o!e L? Lee on ,an(ar1 2-, 1--9? Lee fi$e an action for re!ci!!ion of contract wit" a)a&e! a&ain!t S1 on 3ece)ber 4, 1--9 beca(!e "e co($ not re&i!ter t"e ve"ic$e in "i! na)e (e to t"e certification fro) t"e P;P Re&iona$ #raffic Mana&e)ent Office in Le&aB'i Cit1 t"at it wa! a !to$en ve"ic$e an t"e a$ar) coverin& t"e !a)e wa! not $ifte ? In!tea , t"e P;P in Le&aB'i Cit1 i)'o(n e t"e ve"ic$e an c"ar&e Lee cri)ina$$1?S1 infor)e <oo 1ear?<oo 1ear re/(e!te on ,($1 10, 1--9 t"e P;P to $ift t"e !to$en ve"ic$e a$ar) !tat(!? #"i! notwit"!tan in&, <oo 1ear wa! i)'$ea e a! t"ir -'art1 efen ant in t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint fi$e b1 S1 on ,an(ar1 -, 1-->?<oo 1ear fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! on Marc" 24, 1--> on t"e twin &ro(n ! t"at t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint fai$e to !tate a ca(!e of action an even if it i , !(c" ca(!e of action wa! a$rea 1 e6tin&(i!"e ? #"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt V4R#C5W re!o$ve to i!)i!! t"e t"ir -'art1 co)'$aint beca(!e it oe! not e6're!!$1 !"ow an1 act or o)i!!ion co))itte b1 t"e t"ir 'art1 efen ant w"ic" vio$ate! a ri&"t of t"e t"ir 'art1 co)'$ainant? CA &rante t"e a''ea$, "o$ in& t"at t"at t"e #"ir -Part1 Co)'$aint "a !tate a ca(!e of action? 5irst, 'etitioner i not )aAe &oo it! warrant1 in t"e 3ee of Sa$e@ to conve1 t"e ve"ic$e to Re!'on ent Ant"on1 S1 free fro) a$$ $ien!, enc()brance! an $e&a$ i)'e i)ent!? #"e re'orte "i2acAin& of

AN/ELITA MORCAL VS. ANTONIO LAVIGA ET. AL. 925 SCRA 4B: @8BB4A EUISUMBIN/, J.
NATURE +or review on certiorari are t"e 3eci!ion an Re!o$(tion of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! in CA-<?R? C% ;o? 95402, w"ic" affir)e t"e 3eci!ion of t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt of Ma(ban, H(eBon, 7ranc" 84? #"e tria$ co(rt 3eci!ion !(!taine t"e Or er! i!!(e b1 Re&iona$ Office ;o? I% of t"e 3e'art)ent of Environ)ent an ;at(ra$ Re!o(rce! in 3E;R I% Ca!e ;o? 5441 CE;RO Ca!e ;o? -1-02? FACTS

98 -#"e ca!e invo$ve! a 'arce$ of (nre&i!tere $an wit" an area of 4,>40 !/(are )eter!, !it(ate at 7aran&a1 Ca&!ia1, Ma(ban H(eBon, i entifie on$1 a! Lot ;o? 2058-Ca -245? -Petitioner An&e$ita Morca$, wit" "er !i!ter I$ efon!a Morca$ an ot"er )e)ber! of t"eir fa)i$1 occ('ie , c$eare an '$ante !ea!ona$ cro'! on t"e $an (' to t"e ti)e it wa! ec$are a! '(b$ic $an on Ma1 14, 1-41? #"ereafter, t"eir fa)i$1 ec$are t"e $an for ta6ation '(r'o!e! an be&an '$antin& cocon(t an ot"er fr(it bearin& tree!? :avin& been in 'o!!e!!ion of t"e !ai $an for a$)o!t fort1 4405 1ear!, 'etitioner fi$e +ree Patent A''$ication ;o? 4I%-.5 14881 in 1-98? :owever, on Se'te)ber 11, 1--0, 'rivate re!'on ent! Antonio LaviPa 4now ecea!e 5 an #ere!ita LaviPa 'rote!te t"e free 'atent a''$ication? -On A(&(!t 10, 1--., Re&iona$ Office ;o? I% of t"e 3E;R ecree t"e re (ction of t"e area covere b1 t"e +PA? #"e S'o(!e! Antonio an #ere!ita LaviPa were irecte to fi$e t"e a''ro'riate '(b$ic $an a''$ication coverin& t"e ot"er "a$f of t"e $ot in /(e!tion 'artic($ar$1 t"e nort"ern 'ortion t"ereof? Morca$0! )otion for recon!i eration wa! enie ? Petitioner t"en fi$e wit" t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt a civi$ action to n($$if1 t"e two Or er! of t"e 3E;R Re&iona$ Office? #"e tria$ co(rt, "owever, i!)i!!e 'etitioner0! civi$ action an !(!taine 3E;R? Petitioner a''ea$e to t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! b(t t"e $atter event(a$$1 affir)e t"e #C? -Petitioner conten ! t"e tria$ co(rt i! ve!te wit" t"e 'ower to r($e on t"e !(b!tantia$ ri&"t! of t"e 'artie! in t"i! ca!e? S"e in!i!t! t"e i!!(e of 2(ri! iction "a! been !ett$e w"en t"e tria$ co(rt i!!(e an Or er en1in& t"e Motion to 3i!)i!! fi$e b1 re!'on ent!? Petitioner a$$e&e! t"e 'rinci'$e of e6"a(!tion of a )ini!trative re)e ie! oe! not a''$1 beca(!e t"ere i! (r&ent nee for 2( icia$ intervention an beca(!e w"at i! invo$ve i! a !)a$$ 'iece of a&ric($t(ra$ $an , a$$ of 2,420 !/(are )eter!? S"e a ! !"e "a! $o!t tr(!t in t"e 3E;R a! a bo 1, w"ic" !"e be$ieve! wo($ not rever!e it!e$f? -:owever, 'rivate re!'on ent #ere!ita LaviPa co(nter! t"at 'etitioner0! fai$(re to '(r!(e an e6"a(!t t"e 'ro'er a )ini!trative re)e ie! wa! fata$ to "er ca(!e? S"e )aintain! t"at t"e Re&iona$ E6ec(tive 3irector of t"e 3E;R i not co))it an1 'a$'ab$e error or &rave ab(!e of i!cretion? LiAewi!e, 'rivate re!'on ent conte!t! 'etitioner0! c$ai) t"at t"e i!'(te $an i! ver1 !)a$$; !"e a$$e&e! t"at t"e !a)e i! va$(e at a con!i erab$e a)o(nt, over a )i$$ion 'e!o!? ISSUE =O; t"e 'etition !"o($ be &iven (e co(r!e HELD ;O, for fai$(re to co)'$1 wit" t"e octrine of e6"a(!tion of a )ini!trative re)e ie! Ratio. #"e octrine of e6"a(!tion of a )ini!trative re)e ie! re/(ire! t"at re!ort be fir!t )a e to t"e a )ini!trative a(t"oritie! in ca!e! fa$$in& (n er t"eir 2(ri! iction to a$$ow t"e) to carr1 o(t t"eir f(nction! an i!c"ar&e t"eir re!'on!ibi$itie! wit"in t"e !'ecia$iBe area! of t"eir co)'etence? #"i! i! beca(!e t"e a )ini!trative a&enc1 concerne i! in t"e be!t 'o!ition to correct an1 'revio(! error co))itte in it! for()? V-W -#"ere are e6ce'tion!, "owever, to t"e a''$icabi$it1 of t"e octrine? A)on& t"e e!tab$i!"e e6ce'tion! are@ 15 w"en t"e /(e!tion rai!e i! '(re$1 $e&a$; 25 w"en t"e a )ini!trative bo 1 i! in e!to''e$; .5 w"en t"e act co)'$aine of i! 'atent$1 i$$e&a$; 45 w"en t"ere i! (r&ent nee for 2( icia$ intervention; 55 w"en t"e c$ai) invo$ve i! !)a$$; 85 w"en irre'arab$e a)a&e wi$$ be !(ffere ; 95 w"en t"ere i! no ot"er '$ain, !'ee 1 an a e/(ate re)e 1; >5 w"en !tron& '(b$ic intere!t i! invo$ve ; -5 w"en t"e !(b2ect of t"e controver!1 i! 'rivate $an ; an 105 in /(o warranto 'rocee in&!? -In t"i! ca!e, "owever, none of t"e fore&oin& e6ce'tion! )a1 be avai$e of? Contrar1 to 'etitioner0! a!!ertion, we !ee no (r&ent nee for 2( icia$ intervention? ;ote t"at t"e ca!e aro!e fro) t"e 'rote!t fi$e b1 re!'on ent! a&ain!t 'etitioner0! free 'atent a''$ication for t"e !(b2ect (nre&i!tere a&ric($t(ra$ $an ? C$ear$1, t"e )atter co)e! wit"in t"e e6c$(!ive 'ri)ar1 2(ri! iction of t"e 3E;R in t"e e6erci!e of it! /(a!i2( icia$ 'ower!? #"e i)'(&ne Or er! of t"e 3E;R Re&iona$ Office are !(b2ect to review b1 t"e 3E;R :ea Office? Petitioner cannot circ()vent t"i! 'roce (re b1 !i)'$1 invoAin& a !(''o!e $o!! of fait" in t"e !ai a&enc1? -;eit"er are we 're'are to !(!tain 'etitioner0! c$ai) t"at e6"a(!tion of a )ini!trative re)e ie! nee not be co)'$ie wit" on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e va$(e of t"e i!'(te 'arce$ of $an i! a$$e&e $1 in!i&nificant? Recor ! !"ow t"at t"e $an in /(e!tion con!i!t! of 2,420 !/(are )eter!, no o(bt a !iBab$e 'arce$ of $an , re&ar $e!! of it! a&ric($t(ra$ nat(re an t"e fact t"at it i! $ocate in a re)ote area; an it! va$(e of over a )i$$ion 'e!o! i! certain$1 !(b!tantia$ an not in!i&nificant? Dispositive. In !(), we are convince t"at no rever!ib$e error wa! co))itte b1 t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! w"en it !(!taine t"e tria$ co(rt0! i!)i!!a$ of 'etitioner0! co)'$aint !eeAin& to n($$if1 t"e /(e!tione 3E;R Or er! for 'etitioner0! fai$(re to e6"a(!t t"e 'ro'er a )ini!trative re)e ie!?

PASCUAL VS PASCUAL <?R? ;o 159>.0 CARPIO-MORALES; ;ove)ber 19, 2005

NATURE Petition for Review on Certiorari c"a$$en&in& t"e +ebr(ar1 10, 200. Or er of t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt 4R#C5 of I!abe$a on )otion of "erein re!'on ent Mari$o( M? Pa!c(a$, t"e co)'$aint fi$e a&ain!t "er b1 "er brot"er-"erein 'etitioner 3ante M? Pa!c(a$ for non-co)'$iance wit" t"e conci$iation 'rovi!ion-'re con ition to fi$in& of co)'$aint in co(rt (n er R?A? 9180 4t"e Loca$ <overn)ent Co e5 FACTS - Petitioner, a 'er)anent re!i ent of t"e Inite State! of A)erica, a''ointe Sa&ario a! "i! attorne1-in-fact b1 a S'ecia$ Power of Attorne1 4SPA5 ate A'ri$ 10, 2002@ 41?5 #o fi$e a ca!e for t"e cance$$ation of #ran!fer Certificate of #it$e ;o? #-291858 i!!(e in t"e na)e of Mari$o( M? Pa!c(a$ a! we$$ a! t"e 3ee of Sa$e of Re&i!tere Lan an Eor Reconve1ance at t"e a''ro'riate co(rt; 4 2?5 #o co$$ect t"e )ont"$1 renta$! fro) t"e tenant; 4.5? #o enter into a)icab$e !ett$e)ent wit" Mari$o( M? Pa!c(a$ or an1 ot"er )o e of 'a1)entEan Eor i!'(te re!o$(tion; 445? #o e6ec(te an !i&n an1 an a$$ 'a'er!, contract!E oc()ent! w"ic" )a1 be nece!!ar1 re$ative to t"e above act!? - Sa&ario fi$e on October 14, 2002 4'(r!(ant to t"e SPA5 before t"e I!abe$a R#C at Ro6a! a co)'$aint for Ann($)ent of #ran!fer Certificate of #it$e ;o? #-291859 of I!abe$a an 3ee of Ab!o$(te Sa$e of Re&i!tere Lan an Eor Reconve1ance wit" 3a)a&e! - 3efen ant-"erein re!'on ent Mari$o( M? Pa!c(a$ fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! on two &ro(n ! one of w"ic" wa! non-co)'$iance wit" t"e re/(ire)ent (n er Section 412 of t"e Loca$ <overn)ent Co e? S"e conten ! t"at t"ere i! no !"owin& t"at t"e i!'(te wa! referre to t"e baran&a1 co(rt before t"e ca!e wa! fi$e in co(rt? 71 t"e a!!ai$e Or er of +ebr(ar1 10, 200., 7ranc" 2. of t"e I!abe$a R#C at Ro6a! &rante re!'on ent0! Motion to 3i!)i!!? It !tate t"at @ -RA 9180 re'ea$in& P?3? 150> ot"erwi!e Anown a! t"e Revi!e Uatar(n&an& Pa)baran&a1 'rovi e! (n er Section 40- FA$$ i!'(te! invo$vin& rea$ 'ro'ert1 or an1 intere!t t"erein !"a$$ be bro(&"t in t"e baran&a1 w"ere t"e rea$ 'ro'ert1 or t"e $ar&er 'ortion t"ereof i! !it(ate ?L :ence, t"e re$iance of t"e '$aintiff on Section 40> of R?A? 9180 i! incorrect? ="en rea$ 'ro'ert1 or an1 intere!t t"erein i! invo$ve , t"e i!'(te !"a$$ be fi$e before t"e baran&a1 w"ere t"e 'ro'ert1 i! $ocate , "e+%")*e## !& -e "e#i)ence !& -e p%" ie#? 7e!i e!, it i! incorrect to !a1 t"at t"e 'artie! are not re!i ent! of t"e !a)e '$ace, %ira, Ro6a!, I!abe$a? T-e A !"ne(-in-&%c !& -e p*%in i&& in -e pe"#!n !& Re(De* R. S%+%"i! i# % "e#i)en !& Vi"%, R!C%#, I#%6e*%, %n) -e #,6# i , e 4!ic5 D%n e P%#c,%* 6( 'i" ,e !& #%i) Speci%* P!Ke" !& A !"ne( ? :ence, !ai Attorne1-in-fact !"o($ "ave bro(&"t t"e i!'(te before baran&a1 %ira, Ro6a!, I!abe$a, w"ere t"e 'ro'ert1 i! $ocate ? In t"e ca!e of Ro1a$e! v!? Inter)e iate A''e$$ate Co(rt, FOr inari$1, non-co)'$iance wit" t"e con ition 'rece ent 're!cribe b1 P?3? 150> co($ affect t"e !(fficienc1 of t"e '$aintiff0! ca(!e of action an )aAe "i! co)'$aint v($nerab$e to i!)i!!a$ on &ro(n of $acA of ca(!e of action or 're)at(rit1?L -Petitioner0! Motion for Recon!i eration of t"e above-!ai or er wa! enie ? #"i! or er !tate t"at FCon!e/(ent$1, t"e Co(rt i! VofW t"e o'inion t"at t"e !ai A !"ne(-in-&%c #-%** 6e )eeDe) ! 6e -e "e%* p%" ( in in e"e# , rea in& fro) t"e tenor of t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e S'ecia$ Power of Attorne1? 7ein& a rea$ 'art1 in intere!t, t"e Attorne1in-fact i! t"erefore ob$i&e to brin& t"i! ca!e fir!t before t"e 7aran&a1 Co(rt? Sec? ., R($e . of t"e R($e! of Co(rt 'rovi e! t"at F="ere t"e action i! a$$owe to be 'ro!ec(te or efen e b1 a re're!entative or !o)eone actin& in a fi (ciar1 ca'acit1, t"e beneficiar1 !"a$$ be

99 inc$( e in t"e tit$e of t"e ca!e an 'art1 in intere!t? !"a$$ be ee)e to be t"e rea$ a! it wa! e6ec(te wit"in t"e 5-1ear 'ro"ibitive 'erio fro) t"e i!!(ance of t"e free 'atent? - #"e tria$ co(rt enie t"e )otion, "o$ in& t"at t"e 'ro'o!e a)en )ent i! incon!i!tent wit" t"e ca(!e of action in t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint; an t"at t"e 'ro'o!e a)en )ent i! t"e !(b2ect of anot"er civi$ ca!e between t"e !a)e 'artie! 'en in& before anot"er branc" of t"e tria$ co(rt? - P:IL%ILLE )ove to i!)i!! t"e ori&ina$ co)'$aint a$$e&in& t"at t"e '$aintiff "a fi$e a 'rote!t wit" t"e Lan Mana&e)ent 7(rea( !eeAin& t"e revocation of t"e free 'atent i!!(e to E)'era o an t"e rever!ion of t"e $an to t"e '(b$ic o)ain? - t"e tria$ co(rt &rante P:IL%ILLE0! )otion to i!)i!! - Merce e! fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration of t"e !ai Or er b(t it wa! enie ? #"i! 'ro)'te "er to inter'o!e an a''ea$ to t"e CA w"ic" rever!e t"e or er an re)an e t"e ca!t to t"e tria$ co(rt? - P:IL%ILLE fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration b(t it wa! enie b1 t"e A''e$$ate Co(rt? :ence, t"e in!tant 'etition for review on certiorari? ISSUE =O; t"e CA erre in rever!in& t"e c"a$$en&e Or er! of t"e tria$ co(rt i!)i!!in& t"e co)'$aint of Merce e!? HELD ;O? Ratio Section 1, R($e 18 of t"e Revi!e R($e! of Co(rt t"en a''$icab$e 'rovi e!@ FSEC? 1? <ro(n !? M =it"in t"e ti)e for '$ea in& a )otion to i!)i!! t"e action )a1 be )a e on an1 of t"e fo$$owin& &ro(n !@ 4a5 #"at t"e co(rt "a! no 2(ri! iction over t"e 'er!on of t"e efen ant or over t"e !(b2ect of t"e action or !(it; 4b5 #"at t"e co(rt "a! no 2(ri! iction over t"e nat(re of t"e action or !(it; 4c5 #"at ven(e i! i)'ro'er$1 $ai ; 4 5 #"at t"e '$aintiff "a! no $e&a$ ca'acit1 to !(e; 4e5 #"at t"ere i! anot"er action 'en in& between t"e !a)e 'artie! for t"e !a)e ca(!e; 4f5 #"at t"e ca(!e of action i! barre b1 a 'rior 2( &)ent or b1 !tat(te of $i)itation!; 4&5 #"at t"e co)'$aint !tate! no ca(!e of action; 4"5 #"at t"e c$ai) or e)an !et fort" in t"e '$aintiff0! '$ea in& "a! been 'ai , waive , aban one , or ot"erwi!e e6tin&(i!"e ; 4i5 #"at t"e c$ai) on w"ic" t"e action or !(it i! fo(n e i! (nenforceab$e (n er t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e !tat(te of fra( !; 425 #"e !(it i! between )e)ber! of t"e !a)e fa)i$1 an no earne!t effort! towar ! a co)'ro)i!e "ave been )a e?L In ,?M? #(a!on N Co?, Inc? v? Rafor, -i# C!," in e"p"e e) RKi -in -e iDe &!" p*e%)in+S ! De%n Ki -in -e iDe ! %n#Ke"? Reasoning In er Section 1, R($e 11, t"e ti)e to an!wer i! 15 a1! after !ervice of !())on! ('on t"e efen ant? In t"e in!tant ca!e, we note t"at P:IL%ILLE0! )otion to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint wa! fi$e after it "a fi$e it! an!wer? - #"e on$1 e6ce'tion! to t"e r($e, a! correct$1 'ointe o(t b1 t"e CA, are@ 415 w"ere t"e &ro(n rai!e i! $acA of 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over t"e !(b2ect )atter; 425 w"ere t"e co)'$aint oe! not !tate a ca(!e of action; 4.5 're!cri'tion; an 445 w"ere t"e evi ence t"at wo($ con!tit(te a &ro(n for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint wa! i!covere on$1 (rin& t"e tria$? ;one of t"e fore&oin& &ro(n ! i! 're!ent in P:IL%ILLE0! )otion to i!)i!!? Dispostition =:ERE+ORE, t"e 'etition i! 3E;IE3?

ISSUE0S =O; t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e ca!e b1 t"e R#C i! va$i HELD ;O Ratio. Petitioner ar&(e! t"at !ince "e, not "i! attorne1-in-fact Sa&ario, i! t"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t, an !ince "e act(a$$1 re!i e! abroa , t"e lupon wo($ "ave no 2(ri! iction to 'a!! ('on t"e i!'(te invo$vin& rea$ 'ro'ert1, "e citin& Ag a!ani v. @elen #"e 'ertinent 'rovi!ion! of t"e Loca$ <overn)ent Co e rea @ SEC? 40>? Su ject 2atter for Amica le Settlement; E%ception +hereto. M #"e $('on of eac" baran&a1 !"a$$ "ave a(t"orit1 to brin& to&et"er t"e 'artie! %c ,%**( "e#i)in+ in t"e !a)e cit1 or )(nici'a$it1 for a)icab$e !ett$e)ent of a$$ i!'(te! e6ce't@ 66666 -In t"e 1->2 ca!e of +avora v. 7eloso t"e Co(rt "e$ t"at w"ere t"e 'artie! are not %c ,%* "e#i)en # in t"e !a)e cit1 or )(nici'a$it1 or a 2oinin& baran&a1!, t"ere i! no re/(ire)ent for t"e) to !(b)it t"eir i!'(te to t"e lupon a! 'rovi e for in Section 8 vis a vis Section! 2 an . of P?3? 150> 4Natarungang Pam aranga! Law5? -V7W1 e6're!! !tat(tor1 inc$(!ion an e6c$(!ion, t"e L('on !"a$$ "ave no 2(ri! iction over i!'(te! w"ere t"e 'artie! are not act(a$ re!i ent! of t"e !a)e cit1 or )(nici'a$it1, e6ce't w"ere t"e baran&a1! in w"ic" t"e1 act(a$$1 re!i e a 2oin eac" ot"er? Reasoning. #o con!tr(e t"e e6're!! !tat(tor1 re/(ire)ent of act(a$ re!i enc1 a! a''$icab$e to t"e attorne1-in-fact of t"e 'art1-'$aintiff, a! conten e b1 re!'on ent, wo($ abro&ate t"e )eanin& of a Frea$ 'art1 in intere!tL a! efine in Section 2 of R($e . of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Co(rt vis a vis Section . of t"e !a)e R($e w"ic" wa! ear$ier /(ote b(t )i!rea an )i!(n er!too b1 re!'on ent? -In fine, !ince t"e '$aintiff-"erein 'etitioner, -e "e%* p%" ( in in e"e# , i! not an act(a$ re!i ent of t"e baran&a1 w"ere t"e efen ant-"erein re!'on ent re!i e!, t"e $oca$ lupon "a! no 2(ri! iction over t"eir i!'(te, "ence, 'rior referra$ to it for conci$iation i! not a 're-con ition to it! fi$in& in co(rt? Dispositive. #"e 'etition i! &rante ?

PHILVILLE VS JAVIER BB SCRA BB SANDOVAL-/UTIERREZ< Dec. =1, 8BB2

NATURE In!tant 'etition for review on certiorari FACTS - #"i! ca!e trace! it! antece ent! to a verifie co)'$aint fi$e b1 Merce e! ,avier, "erein re!'on ent wit" t"e R#C for a)a&e! an in2(nction? I)'$ea e a! efen ant wa! P:IL%ILLE 3eve$o')ent an :o(!in& Cor'oration 4P:IL%ILLE5? - #"e co)'$aint a$$e&e! t"at !'o(!e! Cri!anto 4now ecea!e 5 an ,avier "ave been tenant-c($tivator! of a 5?5 "ectare 'arce$ of rice $an owne b1 +e$i)on E)'era o, a "o$ er of a free 'atent? - So)eti)e in 1-99, P:IL%ILLE 'ro'o!e to b(1 t"e $an for conver!ion into a "o(!in& !(b ivi!ion? S'o(!e! ,avier, P:IL%ILLE an E)'era o t"en entere into a Ua!($atan n& Pa&!a!a$in at U(!an& Loob na Pa&!(!(Ao? A)on& t"e ter)! a&ree ('on b1 t"e 'artie! wa! t"at t"e ,avier! wo($ be &iven a 2,000 !/(are )eter $ot a! a i!t(rbance co)'en!ation? :owever, in!tea of &ivin& t"e) a !in&$e $ot )ea!(rin& 2,000 !/(are )eter!, w"at t"e1 receive were 2 !e'arate $ot! of 1,000 !/(are )eter! eac" $ocate far a'art? #"i! 'ro)'te Merce e! to !(e P:IL%ILLE for a)a&e!? - In it! an!wer, P:IL%ILLE !'ecifica$$1 enie t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint an rai!e t"e fo$$owin& affir)ative an !'ecia$ efen!e!@ 415 t"e co)'$aint fai$! to !tate a ca(!e of action; 425 it oe! not a$$e&e t"at t"e 'artie! re!orte to conci$iation 'rocee in&! before t"e baran&a1; an 4.5 '$aintiff i! e!to''e fro) fi$in& t"e co)'$aint? - Merce e! fi$e a )otion for $eave of co(rt to a)en "er co)'$aint? In "er attac"e a)en e co)'$aint, !"e a$$e&e t"at t"e Ua!($atan i not e6're!! t"e tr(e a&ree)ent of t"e 'artie! an t"at t"e !a$e i! voi

DIU V CA @BUSHNELL AND PA/BAA <?R? ;O? 11521. RE<ALA3O; 3EC?1-, 1--5
NATURE A''ea$ b1 certiorari fro) 2( &)ent of CA w"ic" !et a!i e t"e R#C0! FACTS - Private re!'on ent Pa&ba '(rc"a!e on cre it vario(! )erc"an i!e fro) 'etitioner!0 4=i$!on an 3orcita 3i(5 !tore in ;ava$, 7i$iran a$$ va$(e at P9, >82?55? - Re!'on ent! fai$e to 'a1 e!'ite re'eate e)an !? Petitioner! t"en bro(&"t t"e )atter to t"e 7aran&a1 C"air)an of ;ava$ an !o t"e ca!e wa! !et for "earin& b(t 'rivate re!'on ent! fai$e to a''ear? ="en t"e ca!e wa! a&ain !et for "earin&, t"e 'artie! a''eare b(t t"e1 fai$e to reac" an a)icab$e !ett$e)ent? Accor in&$1, t"e baran&a1 c"air)an i!!(e a Certification to +i$e Action? - Petitioner! t"en fi$e t"eir co)'$aint for a !() of )one1 before t"e M#C of ;ava$ to w"ic" 'rivate re!'on ent! inter'o!e t"e

9> co(nterc$ai) t"at 'etitioner! a$!o "a e6i!tin& ob$i&ation! to t"e)@ one for a$$e&e )aintenance an re'air of 'etitioner!0 boat an anot"er for t"e co!t of 2 tire! t"at 'etitioner! a$$e&e $1 )i!a''ro'riate ? Private re!'on ent! $iAewi!e a$$e&e t"at e!'ite t"e confrontation! before t"e baran&a1 c"air)an, 'etitioner! ref(!e to 'a1 t"eir 2(!t an va$i ob$i&ation! to 'rivate re!'on ent an "er "(!ban - #"e M#C i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint for non-co)'$iance wit" t"e 'rovi!ion! of P?3? 150> on conci$iation? Petitioner! a''ea$e to t"e R#C, w"ic" i not 'a!! ('on t"e i!!(e of t"e a$$e&e non-co)'$iance wit" P?3? 150> b(t in!tea , eci e t"e a''ea$ on t"e )erit! an ren ere 2( &)ent in favor of 'etitioner!? - Private re!'on ent! t"en went to t"e CA an !ai a''e$$ate co(rt !et a!i e t"e 2( &)ent of t"e R#C on t"e &ro(n t"at t"ere "a been no co)'$iance wit" P?3? 150>? #"e CA !ai t"(!@ FIt i!, t"erefore, c$ear t"at if effort! of t"e baran&a1 ca'tain to !ett$e t"e i!'(te fai$!, t"e Pan&Aat n& #a&a'a&Aa!(n o !"a$$ be con!tit(te wit" t"e en in view of e6'$orin& a$$ 'o!!ibi$itie! of a)icab$e !ett$e)ent? If no conci$iation or !ett$e)ent "a! been reac"e '(r!(ant to t"e afore!ai r($e!, t"e )atter )a1 t"en be bro(&"t to t"e re&($ar co(rt!?L FIn t"e ca!e at bar, it "a! been e!tab$i!"e t"at t"ere wa! no va$i conci$iation 'rocee in& between t"e 'artie!? #"e effort! of t"e baran&a1 ca'tain of ;ava$, 7i$iran to )e iate t"e i!'(te between t"e 'artie! "avin& fai$e , t"e Pan&Aat n& #a&a'a)a1a'a !"o($ "ave been con!tit(te for '(r'o!e! of !ett$in& t"e )atter? :owever, t"e Pan&Aat wa! not con!tit(te , an in!tea , a Certification to +i$e Action wa! i!!(e b1 t"e baran&a1 ca'tain in favor of re!'on ent !'o(!e! 3i(? In 7e2er v!? Co(rt of A''ea$!, 18- SCRA 5 88, it wa! "e$ t"at Ffai$(re to avai$ of conci$iation 'roce!! (n er P?3? 150>, 6 6 6 ren er! t"e co)'$aint v($nerab$e to a ti)e$1 )otion to i!)i!!?L ISSUE =O; t"e confrontation! before t"e 7aran&a1 C"air)an of ;ava$ !ati!fie t"e re/(ire)ent in P?3? 150>, t"ere wa! !(b!tantia$ co)'$iance wit" t"e 're-con ition 4for fi$in& t"e c$ai)5 HELD CES? Ratio In er Sec?412 of t"e Loca$ <overn)ent Co e, confrontation before t"e L('on C"air)an OR t"e Pan&Aat i! !(fficient co)'$iance wit" t"e 're-con ition for fi$in& t"e ca!e in co(rt? Reasoning P?3? 150> "a! been re'ea$e b1 co ification in t"e Loca$ <overn)ent Co e, w"ic" tooA effect on ,an?1, 1--2? Sec?410 47514 of t"e Loca$ <ovt? Co e w"ic" )an ate! t"at t"e baran&a1 c"air)an !"a$$ con!tit(te a 'an&Aat if "e fai$! in "i! )e iation effort!, !"o($ be con!tr(e to&et"er wit" Sec?41215, a! we$$ a! t"e circ()!tance! obtainin& an 'ec($iar to t"e ca!e? On t"i! !core, t"e baran&a1 c"air)an or '(non& baran&a1! i! "i)!e$f t"e c"air)an of t"e $('on (n er t"e Loca$ <ovt? Co e? - ="i$e no 'an&Aat wa! con!tit(te , it i! not enie t"at t"e 'artie! )et at t"e office of t"e baran&a1 c"air)an for 'o!!ib$e !ett$e)ent? A$t"o(&" no 'an&Aat wa! for)e , t"ere wa! !(b!tantia$ co)'$iance wit" t"e $aw? - +ro) t"e fact!, it i! (n eniab$e t"at t"ere wa! !(b!tantia$ co)'$iance wit" P?3?150> w"ic" oe! not re/(ire !trict tec"nica$ co)'$iance wit" it! 'roce (ra$ re/(ire)ent!? In er t"e fact(a$ antece ent!, it cannot be !ai t"at t"e fai$(re of t"e 'artie! to a''ear before t"e 'an&Aat ca(!e an1 're2( ice to t"e ca!e for 'rivate re!'on ent! con!i erin& t"at t"e1 a$rea 1 ref(!e conci$iation before t"e baran&a1 c"air)an an , t"eir !"a) in!i!tence for a )eetin& before t"e 'an&Aat i! )ere$1 a '$o1 for f(rt"er e$a1? #ec"nica$itie! !"o($ not be )a e to e!ert t"eir tr(e ro$e in o(r 2(!tice !1!te), an !"o($ not be (!e a! ob!tr(ction! t"erein? - #"e Co(rt note t"at a$t"o(&" t"e ba!ic co)'$aint wa! fi$e b1 'etitioner! on ,($1 10, 1--1, before t"e effectivit1 of t"e Loca$ <ovt?
14

Co e, or w"en P?3? 150> wa! !ti$$ in force, t"e 'roce (ra$ 'rovi!ion! of t"e Loca$ <ovt? Co e are a$!o a''$icab$e to t"i! ca!e? Statutes regulating procedure in courts are applica le to actions pending and undetermined at the time of their passage. Procedural la$s are retrospective in that sense. . #"e Co(rt f(rt"er rea!one t"at t"e fai$(re of Pa&ba to !'ecifica$$1 a$$e&e in t"eir An!wer t"at t"ere wa! no co)'$iance wit" t"e baran&a1 conci$iation 'roce (re con!tit(te a waiver of t"at efen!e? Since 'rivate re!'on ent! fai$e to ($1 rai!e t"at i!!(e, t"eir efen!e fo(n e t"ereon i! ee)e waive , e!'ecia$$1 !ince t"e1 i not '(r!(e t"e i!!(e before t"e ca!e wa! !et for "earin&? A$!o, t"e conci$iation 'roce (re (n er P?3? 150> i! not a 2(ri! ictiona$ re/(ire)ent an nonco)'$iance t"erewit" cannot affect t"e 2(ri! iction w"ic" t"e $ower co(rt! "a a$rea 1 ac/(ire over t"e !(b2ect )atter an 'rivate re!'on ent! a! efen ant! t"erein? Disposition 'etition <RA;#E3? #"e CA 2( &)ent i! SE# ASI3E? R#C 2( &)ent i! REI;S#A#E3?

BERBA V. PABLO 929 SCRA 5:5 CALLEJO, N!'eD6e" ==, 8BB4

N% ,"e Petition for review on certiorari F%c # - E!te$a 7erba wa! t"e owner of a 'arce$ of $an $ocate at M? Ro6a! St, Sta? Ana, Mani$a? A "o(!e wa! con!tr(cte on t"e $ot, w"ic" !"e $ea!e to ,o!e'"ine Pab$o an t"e :eir! of Car$o! Pa$anca !o)eti)e in 1-98, covere b1 a $ea!e contract? I'on it! e6'iration, t"e $e!!ee! contin(e $ea!in& t"e "o(!e on a )ont"-to-)ont" ba!i!? - #"e $e!!ee! fai$e to 'a1 t"e renta$! (e, an b1 Ma1 1---, t"eir arrear! a)o(nte to P>1,>1>? 7erba fi$e a co)'$aint for eviction an co$$ection of (n'ai renta$! on$1 a&ain!t Pab$o in t"e Office of t"e Punong @aranga!? - On ,(ne 5, 1---, 7erba an Pab$o e6ec(te an A&ree)ent a''rove b1 t"e pang'at, w"erein@ 15 Pab$o (n ertooA to 'a1 7erba P.000 ever1 tent" of t"e )ont" (nti$ f($$1 'ai ; 25 Pab$o wi$$ vo$(ntari$1 $eave t"e $ea!e 're)i!e! ('on fai$(re to 'a1; an .5 Pab$o wi$$ 'a1 P.450 a! )ont"$1 renta$, on to' of t"e P.000? - 71 Ma1 2000, t"e $e!!ee! !ti$$ "a a ba$ance of P91,918? A! of Ma1 2001, t"e tota$ arreara&e! of t"e $e!!ee! a)o(nte to P1.5,115?8.? - On Ma1 2, 2001, 7erba t"ro(&" co(n!e$ wrote to $e!!ee!, e)an in& 'a1)ent of t"e arreara&e! an to vacate t"e "o(!e wit"in .0 a1! fro) notice, ot"erwi!e !"e wi$$ !(e t"e)? #"e $e!!ee! i&nore t"e e)an ? - On ,(ne 21, 2001, 7erba fi$e a co)'$aint a&ain!t Pab$o an t"e :eir! of Car$o! Pa$anca in t"e M#C of Mani$a for (n$awf($ etainer? 7erba, "owever, fai$e to a''en to "er co)'$aint a certification fro) t"e -upon ng +agapama!apa t"at no conci$iation or !ett$e)ent "a! been reac"e ? - In t"eir an!wer, efen ant! a )itte t"e1 !to''e 'a1in& renta$! beca(!e of financia$ i!tre!!? 71 wa1 of !'ecia$ an affir)ative efen!e!, t"e1 averre t"at t"e '$aintiff "a no ca(!e of action a&ain!t t"e) a! !"e fai$e to !ec(re a Certificate to +i$e Action fro) t"e -upon. - 3(rin& t"e 're-tria$ conference, t"e 'artie! )anife!te t"at e!'ite earne!t effort!, no a)icab$e !ett$e)ent wa! reac"e ? #"e1 efine t"e )ain i!!(e a! =O; t"e '$aintiff "a a va$i ca(!e of action for (n$awf($ etainer a&ain!t efen ant!? - In "er 'o!ition 'a'er, 7erba a''en e an A&ree)ent ate ,(ne 5, 1--- between "er an Pab$o, w"ic" a''eare to "ave been a''rove b1 t"e Punong @aranga! an t"e )e)ber! of t"e -upon. S"e a$!o a''en e a State)ent of Acco(nt? - In t"eir 'o!ition 'a'er, efen ant! in!i!te t"at t"e i!'(te i not &o t"ro(&" t"e -upon ng +agapama!apa 'rior to t"e fi$in& of t"e co)'$aint; "ence 7erba0! co)'$aint wa! 're)at(re? - In "er re'$1, t"e '$aintiff a$$e&e t"at t"ere wa! no )ore nee for "er to !ec(re a Certificate to +i$e Action beca(!e !"e wa! a re!i ent of Ma$i&a1a St?, Ma$ate, Mani$a, w"i$e t"e efen ant! were re!i in& in 7aran&a1 >9., Sone 8 in Sta? Ana Mani$a? - M#C r($e in favor of 7erba? 3efen ant! a''ea$e to t"e R#C? On )otion of 7erba, R#C i!!(e an or er for t"e e6ec(tion of t"e eci!ion 'en in& a''ea$? #"e efen ant! fi$e a )otion for t"e reca$$ of t"e Or er, b(t before t"e co(rt co($ re!o$ve t"e )otion, t"e S"eriff t(rne

SEC? 410? PROCE3IRE +OR AMICA7LE SE##LEME;#? 4b5 6 6 6? If "e 4$('on c"air)an5 fai$! in "i! )e iation effort wit"in fifteen 4155 a1! fro) t"e fir!t )eetin& of t"e 'artie! before "i), "e !"a$$ fort"wit" !et a ate for t"e con!tit(tion of t"e 'an&Aat in accor ance wit" t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"i! c"a'ter?
15

SEC? 412? CO;CILIA#IO;? - 4a5 Precon ition to fi$in& of Co)'$aint in Co(rt? ;o co)'$aint 6 6 6 !"a$$ be fi$e or in!tit(te in co(rt 6 6 6 (n$e!! t"ere "a! been a confrontation of t"e 'artie! before t"e $('on c"air)an OR t"e 'an&Aat, an t"at no conci$iation or !ett$e)ent "a! been reac"e a! certifie b1 t"e $('on !ecretar1 or 'an&Aat !ecretar1 a! atte!te to b1 t"e $('on or 'an&Aat c"air)an 6 6 6?

9over t"e '"1!ica$ 'o!!e!!ion of t"e 'ro'ert1 to 7erba on Ma1 20, 2002? - In t"eir A''ea$ Me)oran (), efen ant! in!i!te t"at 7erba0! action in t"e M#C wa! 're)at(re beca(!e of t"e ab!ence of Certificate to +i$e Action i!!(e b1 t"e -upon? 7erba averre t"ere wa! no nee of a 'rior referra$ to t"e -upon, an cite Sec 40>4f5 of t"e Loca$ <overn)ent Co e, 'ointin& o(t t"at !"e re!i e in a baran&a1 in Ma$ate, > Ai$o)eter! awa1 fro) t"e baran&a1 in Sta? Ana w"ere t"e efen ant! $ive ? - R#C &rante t"e a''ea$, rever!in& t"e eci!ion of t"e M#C an or erin& t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint for (n$awf($ etainer wit"o(t 're2( ice? #"e R#C r($e t"at (n er Sec 40> of t"e Loca$ <overn)ent Co e, 'artie! w"o re!i e in t"e !a)e cit1 or )(nici'a$it1 a$t"o(&" in ifferent baran&a1! are )an ate to &o t"ro(&" conci$iation 'rocee in&! in t"e -upon? - R#C enie 7erba0! M+R? S"e t"en fi$e 'etition for review wit" CA, c$ai)in& t"at Sec 40> of Loca$ <overn)ent Co e !"o($ be con!tr(e $ibera$$1 to&et"er wit" Sec 412? S"e f(rt"er averre t"at !"e "a co)'$ie !(b!tantia$$1 wit" t"e re/(i!ite! of t"e $aw, an reca$$! t"at conci$iation 'rocee in&! before t"e -upon re!($te in t"e e6ec(tion of an A&ree)ent on ,(ne 5, 1---? I'on fai$(re to co)'$1 wit" t"e a&ree)ent, a$$ c"ance! of a)icab$e !ett$e)ent were effective$1 forec$o!e ? - CA i!)i!!e t"e 'etition an affir)e t"e R#C eci!ion? I##,e =O; t"e CA erre in i!)i!!in& t"e 'etition an ec$arin& t"at t"ere wa! no !(b!tantia$ co)'$iance wit" t"e )an ate of t"e $aw wit" re!'ect to 'rior referra$ to t"e @aranga! Co(rt? He*) NO - 7erba an Pab$o e6ec(te t"e A&ree)ent w"ic" wa! a''rove b1 t"e -upon? #"i! a&ree)ent "a t"e force an effect of a fina$ 2( &)ent? ="en Pab$o fai$e to co)'$1 wit" "er ob$i&ation of re'a1in& t"e bacA renta$!, 7erba "a t"e ri&"t to enforce t"e A&ree)ent a&ain!t "er an )ove for "er eviction fro) t"e 're)i!e!? :owever, in!tea of fi$in& a )otion before t"e -upon for t"e enforce)ent of t"e a&ree)ent, or an action in t"e M#C for t"e enforce)ent of t"e !ett$e)ent, t"e 'etitioner fi$e an action a&ain!t Pab$o for (n$awf($ etainer an t"e co$$ection of (n'ai renta$!? #"e action of 7erba a&ain!t Pab$o wa! barre b1 t"e A&ree)ent of ,(ne 5, 1---? - 7erba0! co)'$aint a&ain!t t"e :eir! of Car$o! Pa$anca wa! 're)at(re? #"e1 were not i)'$ea e b1 7erba a! 'artie!-re!'on ent! before t"e -upon? Moreover, t"e1 were not 'riv1 to t"e a&ree)ent, an a! !(c", were not bo(n b1 it? - In er Sec 40> of t"e Loca$ <overn)ent Co e, 'artie! act(a$$1 re!i in& in t"e !a)e cit1 or )(nici'a$it1 are bo(n to !(b)it t"eir i!'(te! to t"e -upon for conci$iationEa)icab$e !ett$e)ent, (n$e!! ot"erwi!e 'rovi e t"erein? - If t"e co)'$ainantE'$aintiff fai$! to co)'$1 wit" t"e re/(ire)ent! of t"e Loca$ <overn)ent Co e, !(c" co)'$aint fi$e wit" t"e co(rt )a1 be i!)i!!e for fai$(re to e6"a(!t a$$ a )ini!trative re)e ie!? Disposition Petition enie ? -S(!ti&(er an A'o!a&a fi$e for ann($)ent of t"e !a$e on in!ta$$)ent an awar of !ai $ot a&ain!t t"e <ovt of 7aco$o an #a)a1o, c$ai)in& t"at #a)a1o wa! not /(a$ifie to a''$1 for t"e awar nor to '(rc"a!e t"e $ot (n er Or inance ;o? 14-? It wa! a$!o c$ai)e t"at #a)a1o )a$icio(!$1 fi$e for (n$awf($ etainer a&ain!t A'o!a&a an S(!ti&(er - 5 1ear! an 5 )ont"! after t"e co)'$aint wa! fi$e , A'o!a&a fi$e a *Motion to =it" raw in Ca!e 852> 4ann($)ent of !a$e5L an FConfe!! ,( &)ent in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 9512 4(n$awf($ etainer ca!e5* ec$arin& !"e i! no $on&er intere!te in it! 'ro!ec(tion? #"e co(rt a$$owe "er wit" rawa$ a! '$aintiff? - S(!ti&(er fi$e a )anife!tation t"at t"e wit" rawa$ of A'o!a&a a! 'art1-'$aintiff in Civi$ Ca!e 852> an a! 'art1 efen ant in Civi$ Ca!e 9512 oe! not c"an&e t"e !tat(! an c"aracter of t"e !ai ca!e! con!i erin& t"at !"e wa! )ere$1 acco))o ate b1 "er co efen ant in occ('1in& t"e $ot in /(e!tion? - #a)a1o )ove for a 're$i)inar1 "earin& on "i! affir)ative an !'ecia$ efen!e! an to i!)i!! bot" t"e co)'$aint an co)'$aint in intervention 4of %i$$a)arBo5 invoAin& Sec 5 of R($e 18? :e 'ra1e t"at "e be a$$owe to !(b)it a written )e)oran () in !(''ort of "i! affir)ative an !'ecia$ efen!e!? -#a)a1o fi$e "i! )e)oran () on t"e i!!(e =O; S(!ti&(er "a! an1 ca(!e of action a&ain!t t"e efen ant!? S(!ti&(er fi$e an o''o!ition to t"e )otion to i!)i!! an )ove for 2( &)ent on t"e '$ea in&! '(r!(ant to Sec 1 of R($e 1-? -$ower co(rt i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint of S(!ti&(er for $acA of ca(!e of action -S(!ti&(er fi$e M+R an new tria$ c$ai)in& t"at t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint i! contrar1 to $aw a! t"ere wa! no 're$i)inar1 "earin& an t"at !"e !ti$$ "a! a va$i ca(!e of action even after t"e wit" rawa$ of A'o!a&a fro) t"e ca!e a! !"e wa! !(in& in "er own ri&"t a! an awar ee entit$e to t"e awar in /(e!tion? C+I enie ? ISSUE =O; i!)i!!a$ of co)'$aint wa! 'ro'er HELD CES - R($e .?2 FEver1 action )(!t be 'ro!ec(te an efen e in t"e na)e of t"e rea$ 'art1-in-intere!t? A$$ 'er!on! "avin& an intere!t in t"e !(b2ect of t"e action an in obtainin& t"e re$ief e)an e !"a$$ be 2oine a! '$aintiff!? ? ? ?* -#"e rea$ 'art1-in-intere!t i! t"e 'art1 w"o !tan ! to be benefite or in2(re b1 t"e 2( &)ent or t"e 'art1 entit$e to t"e avai$! of t"e !(it? *Intere!t* wit"in t"e )eanin& of t"e r($e )ean! )ateria$ intere!t, an intere!t in i!!(e an to be affecte b1 t"e ecree, a! i!tin&(i!"e fro) )ere intere!t in t"e /(e!tion invo$ve , or a )ere inci enta$ intere!t? A! a &enera$ r($e, one "avin& no ri&"t or intere!t to 'rotect cannot invoAe t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt a! a 'art1-'$aintiff in an action? - S(!ti&(er i! not entit$e to t"e re$ief 'ra1e for, !"e not bein& t"e rea$ 'art1-in-intere!t? #"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint for $acA of ca(!e of action i! 'ro'er (n er t"e circ()!tance!? It i! we$$-!ett$e t"at w"ere t"e '$aintiff i! not t"e rea$ 'art1-in-intere!t, t"e &ro(n for t"e )otion to i!)i!! i! $acA of ca(!e of action? -S(!ti&(er0! intere!t cannot be cate&oriBe a! )ateria$ intere!t wit"in t"e )eanin& of R($e .?2 con!i erin& t"at it i! contin&ent ('on t"e fina$ e6ec(tion of t"e contract of !a$e on in!ta$$)ent in favor of A'o!a&a? -A$t"o(&" t"e &ro(n of $acA of ca(!e of action wa! '$ea e b1 #a)a1o a! one of "i! !'ecia$ an affir)ative efen!e! in "i! an!wer, t"e !ai &ro(n for i!)i!!a$ of t"e co)'$aint )a1 be "ear 're$i)inari$1 a! if a )otion to i!)i!! "a been fi$e '(r!(ant to Section 5 of R($e 18 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt? #a)a1o tooA t"i! 'roce (ra$ !te' b1 fi$in& a )otion for 're$i)inar1 "earin& an t"ereafter to i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint an t"e co)'$aint in intervention? Recor ! !"ow t"at in!tea of a 're$i)inar1 "earin&, t"e 'artie! fi$e t"eir re!'ective )e)oran a on t"e i!!(e =O; S(!ti&(er "a! a ca(!e of action? -="en t"e &ro(n for i!)i!!a$ i! t"at t"e co)'$aint !tate! no ca(!e of action, t"e r($e 'rovi e! t"at it! !(fficienc1 can on$1 be eter)ine b1 con!i erin& t"e fact! a$$e&e in t"e co)'$aint an no ot"er, t"e te!t

SUSTI/UER V TAMAYO <?R? ;o? 2-.41 +ER;A;; AI< 21 1->NATURE A''ea$ to or er b1 C+I FACTS -S(!ti&(er an A'o!a&a bot" c$ai)e t"at t"e1 were /(a$ifie an entit$e to '(rc"a!e a !(b ivi!ion $ot in 7aco$o for t"e rea!on t"at t"e1 'o!!e!! t"e 'referentia$ ri&"t to b(1 it fro) t"e <ovt of 7aco$o , bein& t"e act(a$ occ('ant! of t"e $ot? - t"e1 a&ree t"at t"e awar of t"e $ot be &iven to A'o!a&a an t"at a own 'a1)ent of 20J of t"e tota$ co!t of t"e $ot !"a$$ be )a e 4or e$!e t"e $ot wi$$ be awar e to ot"er a''$icant!5 -A'o!a&a fai$e to 'a1 t"e 'rice? #"e !a)e $ot wa! !o$ to ,o!e #a)a1o?

>0 bein& w"et"er t"e co(rt can ren er a va$i 2( &)ent fro) t"e fact! !et fort"?#"e r($e i! t"at w"en t"e )otion to i!)i!! i! ba!e on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e co)'$aint !tate! no ca(!e of action, no evi ence )a1 be a$$owe an t"e i!!(e !"o($ on$1 be eter)ine in t"e $i&"t of t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint? #"(! it wa! erroneo(! for S(!ti&(er to c$ai) t"at t"e $ower co(rt !"o($ "ave con (cte a tria$ on t"e )erit! in!tea of i!)i!!in& t"e co)'$aint ('on a )ere )otion? Disposition i!)i!!a$ of co)'$aint for $acA of ca(!e of action a! we$$ a! t"e or er en1in& M+R affir)e )ain efen ant! an not an officer, a irector, or a !tocA"o$ er of an1 of t"e efen ant cor'oration!? #"e 'ara)o(nt i!!(e "in&e on "i! act! a! Centra$ 7anA &overnor, 'artic($ar$1 "i! 'artici'ation in an a$$e&e $1 i$$e&a$ con!'irac1 wit" Marco! an 3o)in&o to &ive (n (e a vanta&e to #an0! bi for t"e <7#C a!!et!? ISSUE =O; t"e )otion to i!)i!! !"o($ &ro(n ! of@ 15 LacA of ca(!e of action 25 Pre!cri'tion "ave been &rante on t"e

HEIRS OF LICAROS V SANDI/ANBAYAN 440 SCRA 4>. PA;<A;I7A;; October 1>, 2004
FACTS - <re&orio S? Licaro!, 'etitioner!0 're ece!!or-in-intere!t, !erve a! &overnor of t"e Centra$ 7anA of t"e P"i$i''ine! fro) 1-90 to 1->0 (rin& t"e 're!i enc1 of Marco!? :e ie on A(&(!t ., 1->.? - ,($1 19, 1->9 M PC<<, a!!i!te b1 Office of So$<en, fi$e a co)'$aint for rever!ion, reconve1ance, re!tit(tion, acco(ntin& an a)a&e! a&ain!t Marco! an a$$e&e cron1 L(cio #an? #"e co)'$aint wa! to recover i$$-&otten wea$t" w"ic" wa! a$$e&e $1 ac/(ire an acc()($ate in f$a&rant breac" of tr(!t an of t"eir fi (ciar1 ob$i&ation! a! '(b$ic officer!? - A!i e fro) t"e )ain efen ant! 4Marco!, wife I)e$ a an #an5, 2. ot"er 'er!on! w"o "a '(r'orte $1 acte a! t"eir ())ie!, no)inee! or a&ent!? - It a$$e&e , a)on& ot"er!, t"at #an 4wit" t"e connivance of !o)e &overn)ent officia$!, inc$( in& C7 <overnor Licaro!5 "a fra( ($ent$1 ac/(ire t"e a!!et! of t"e <enera$ 7anA an #r(!t Co)'an1, now Anown a! t"e A$$ie 7anA? - 3e!'ite t"e a$$e&ation, Licaro! wa! not i)'$ea e in t"i! Co)'$aint or in t"e !(b!e/(ent E6'an e Co)'$aint? - Se'te)ber 1., 1--1 - 4 1ear! after t"e ori&ina$ action wa! fi$e , RP fi$e a Motion for Leave to A)en Co)'$aint an for A )i!!ion of a Secon A)en e Co)'$aint, w"ic" i)'$ea e t"e E!tateE:eir! of Licaro! for t"e fir!t ti)e? - #"e A)en e Co)'$aint, reiteratin& ear$ier a$$e&ation! in t"e E6'an e Co)'$aint, etai$e Licaro!0 'artici'ation in t"e a$$e&e (n"o$1 con!'irac1? - Licaro! "a a$$e&e $1 faci$itate t"e fra( ($ent ac/(i!ition of t"e a!!et! of <7#C wort" over P8>> )i$$ion at t"at ti)e, to favor t"e Marco!e! an t"e L(cio #an <ro(' w"o ac/(ire !ai <7#C a!!et! for on$1 P500,000?00? :ence, "i! e!tate re're!ente b1 "i! "eir! wa! i)'$ea e a! a 'art1 efen ant for t"e '(r'o!e of obtainin& co)'$ete re$ief? - In 1-98, <7#C &ot into financia$ iffic($tie! an a $oan wa! e6ten e to it b1 C7 a)o(ntin& to P.10 )i$$ion? - In e6ten in& t"i! $oan, t"e C7 tooA contro$ of <7#C w"en t"e $atter e6ec(te an irrevocab$e 'ro61 of 2E. of t"e banA0! o(t!tan in& !"are! in favor of t"e C7? 9 of t"e 11-)e)ber 7oar of 3irector! were C7 no)inee!? - Marc" 25, 1-99 M <7#C wa! ec$are in!o$vent an '$ace (n er receiver!"i'? - A '(b$ic bi in& wa! "e$ for t"e !"are! of <7#C? A)on& t"e con ition! wa! t"e attac")ent b1 t"e bi er of a $etter of cre it? #"i! wa! not f($fi$$e b1 #an, et? a$? w"o on$1 'ai P500,000 an attac"e a $etter fro) P;7 're!i ent 3o)in&o? Marco!, 3o)in&o an Licaro! a$$e&e $1 con!'ire wit" eac" ot"er an &ave #an, et? a$? favor!? - Se'te)ber ., 2001 - #"e "eir! of Licaro! fi$e a Motion to 3i!)i!! t"e Co)'$aint, rai!in& a! &ro(n ! 415 $acA of ca(!e of action an 425 're!cri'tion? - #"e San i&anba1an "e$ t"at t"e aver)ent! in t"e Secon A)en e Co)'$aint "a !(fficient$1 e!tab$i!"e a ca(!e of action a&ain!t Licaro!? - #"e San i&anba1an r($e t"at t"e ar&()ent of 'etitioner! t"at Licaro! co($ not be "e$ 'er!ona$$1 $iab$e wa! (ntenab$e beca(!e t"e <7#C a!!et! "a been ac/(ire b1 #an t"ro(&" a '(b$ic bi in& ($1 a''rove b1 t"e Monetar1 7oar ? Accor in& to t"e anti&raft co(rt, t"i! ar&()ent wa! a )atter of efen!e t"at co($ not be re!orte to in a )otion to i!)i!!, an t"at i not con!tit(te a va$i &ro(n for i!)i!!a$? - It wa! i))ateria$ t"at Licaro! wa! not a b(!ine!! a!!ociate of t"e

HELD 1? ;O Ratio It i! a we$$-!ett$e r($e t"at in a )otion to i!)i!! ba!e on t"e &ro(n t"at t"e co)'$aint fai$! to !tate a ca(!e of action, t"e /(e!tion !(b)itte to t"e co(rt for eter)ination i! t"e !(fficienc1 of t"e a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint it!e$f? ="et"er t"e!e a$$e&ation! are tr(e or not i! be!i e t"e 'oint, for t"eir tr(t" i! "1'ot"etica$$1 a )itte ? #"e i!!(e rat"er i!@ a )ittin& t"e) to be tr(e, )a1 t"e co(rt ren er a va$i 2( &)ent in accor ance wit" t"e 'ra1er in t"e co)'$aintQ So ri&i i! t"e nor) 're!cribe t"at if t"e co(rt !"o($ o(bt t"e tr(t" of t"e fact! averre , it )(!t not i!)i!! t"e co)'$aint b(t re/(ire an an!wer an 'rocee to "ear t"e ca!e on t"e )erit!? Reasoning - Petitioner! are !eeAin& t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e 're!ent ca!e, beca(!e 415 t"e action! i)'(te to Licaro! a! Centra$ 7anA &overnor were a$$e&e $1 officia$ act! of t"e )e)ber! of t"e Monetar1 7oar actin& a! a co$$e&ia$ bo 1; an 425 t"e ac/(i!ition wa! one t"ro(&" a '(b$ic bi in& an in &oo fait"? #"e!e contention! are evi ent$1 )atter! of efen!e, t"e veracit1 of w"ic" )(!t be eter)ine in a f($$-b$own tria$ 4or in a 'retria$ !ti'($ation5, an not in a )ere )otion to i!)i!!? - A ca(!e of action e6i!t! if t"e fo$$owin& e$e)ent! are 're!ent@ 415 a ri&"t in favor of t"e '$aintiff b1 w"atever )ean! an (n er w"atever $aw it ari!e! or i! create ; 425 an ob$i&ation on t"e 'art of t"e na)e efen ant to re!'ect an not to vio$ate t"at ri&"t; an 4.5 an act or o)i!!ion con!tit(tin& a breac" of ob$i&ation of t"e efen ant to t"e '$aintiff or vio$atin& t"e ri&"t of t"e '$aintiff, for w"ic" t"e $atter )a1 )aintain an action for recover1 of a)a&e!? - #"e a$$e&ation! in t"e Secon A)en e Co)'$aint c$ear$1 an (ne/(ivoca$$1 o(t$ine! it! ca(!e of action a&ain!t Licaro!? - #"e Secon A)en e Co)'$aint wa! (na)bi&(o(! w"en it c"ar&e t"at Licaro!, (rin& "i! $ifeti)e, "a con!'ire wit" t"e )ain efen ant! in faci$itatin& t"e a$$e&e $1 /(e!tionab$e tran!fer of t"e <7#C a!!et! to #an? - #"i! c"ar&e of *con!'irac1* ca!t! a wi e net, !(fficient$1 e6ten!ive to inc$( e a$$ act! an a$$ inci ent! inci enta$, re$ate to or ari!in& fro) t"e c"ar&e of !1!te)atic '$(n er an 'i$$a&e a&ain!t t"e )ain efen ant! Ratio An action to recover i$$-&otten wea$t" i! o(t!i e t"e '(rview of t"e or inar1 r($e! on 're!cri'tion, a! containe in Artic$e 1148 of t"e Civi$ Co e? Reasoning - #"e in!tant action for reconve1ance, re!tit(tion, an acco(ntin& i)'$ea ! t"e E!tateE:eir! of <re&orio Licaro! for 'revio(! act! co))itte b1 t"e ece ent (rin& "i! $ifeti)e, )ore 'artic($ar$1 for con!'irin& wit" t"e )ain efen ant! to 're2( ice t"e Re'(b$ic? - Section 15 of Artic$e [I of t"e 1->9 Con!tit(tion !tate! t"at Ft"e ri&"t of t"e State to recover 'ro'ertie! (n$awf($$1 ac/(ire b1 '(b$ic officia$! or e)'$o1ee!, fro) t"e) or fro) t"eir no)inee! or tran!feree!, !"a$$ not be barre b1 're!cri'tion, $ac"e! or e!to''e$?L - #"e intent of t"e con!tit(tiona$ 'rovi!ion 're!()ab$1 $ie! in t"e !'ecia$ atten ant circ()!tance! an t"e 'ri)or ia$ !tate intere!t! invo$ve in ca!e! of !(c" nat(re? Disposition Petition i!)i!!e

TANCUNTIAN V /EMPESAW BB SCRA BB CORONA< Oc !6e" =:, 8BB9

NATURE Petition for review (n er R($e 45 for t"e rever!a$ of t"e eci!ion an re!o$(tion of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! w"ic" affir)e t"e or er of t"e

>1 Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt i!)i!!in& an action for cance$$ation of tit$e an a)a&e! for a$$e&e $acA of $e&a$ 'er!ona$it1 of 'etitioner!? FACTS - P$aintiff!, +a(!to #anc(ntian, Macario #anc(ntian an Cri!tina Ca1an& are beneficia$ owner! of t"at 'arce$ of $an - So)eti)e in Ma1 1--4, t"e '$aintiff! i!covere t"at efen ant! a''$ie for a free 'atent an fra( ($ent$1 an ano)a$o(!$1 !ec(re tit$e! on t"e 'ortion! of t"e !a)e 'arce$! of $an fro) t"e 7(rea( of Lan ! - Petitioner! 'ra1e for t"e i!!(ance of a te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er an Eor writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction en2oinin& re!'on ent! fro) !e$$in&, a$ienatin& an i!'o!in& t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ertie! or an1 'ortion t"ereof (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of t"e ca!e? #"e1 a$!o !o(&"t t"e cance$$ation an n($$ification of a$$ t"e tit$e! of t"e !(b2ect 'ro'ertie! in t"e na)e! of re!'on ent! a! we$$ a! t"e reconve1ance t"ereof to 'etitioner!, '$(! a)a&e! an attorne10! fee!? - Private re!'on ent! fi$e an o''o!ition to t"e )otion for t"e i!!(ance of a writ of 're$i)inar1 in2(nction on t"e &ro(n t"at 'etitioner! "a neit"er t"e $e&a$ 'er!ona$it1 nor t"e a(t"orit1 to in!tit(te t"e 'rocee in&! for cance$$ation of tit$e? - Petitioner! c$arifie t"at t"e1 were not a!Ain& for t"e rever!ion of !(b2ect 'rivate $an to t"e '(b$ic o)ain, w"ic" wo($ "ave re/(ire t"e 'artici'ation of t"e 3irector of Lan ! or t"e Secretar1 of t"e 3e'art)ent of Environ)ent an ;at(ra$ Re!o(rce! 43E;R5 t"ro(&" t"e So$icitor <enera$? In e!!ence, 'etitioner! were !eeAin& t"e /(ietin& of t"eir ori&ina$ tit$e! t"at wo($ ($ti)ate$1 $ea to t"e cance$$ation of 'rivate re!'on ent!0 (n$awf($$1 i!!(e an voi free 'atent tit$e! on t"e !a)e 'rivate $an ? - R#C )ot( 'ro'io i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint beca(!e on$1 t"e Re'(b$ic of t"e P"i$i''ine! t"ro(&" t"e So$icitor <enera$ can fi$e a ca!e for cance$$ation of tit$e on t"e &ro(n of fra( in t"e 'roce!!in& an i!!(ance of t"e !ai tit$e - Petitioner! fi$e )otion! for recon!i eration of t"e !ai or er an in"ibition of t"e 're!i in& 2( &e? - ,( &e Sa$va or Ibarreta, ,r? of 7ranc" > of t"e 3avao Cit1 R#C, to w"o) t"e ca!e wa! re-raff$e after ,( &e H(itain0! in"ibition, &rante t"e )otion for recon!i eration an !et a!i e t"e or er of i!)i!!a$? In rein!tatin& t"e co)'$aint ,( &e Ibarreta rea!one t"at Fit wa! error for t"e co(rt to "ave i!)i!!e t"e ca!e wit"o(t a 'rior )otion to i!)i!! "avin& been fi$e b1 'rivate re!'on ent!?L - Re!'on ent! %icente <e)'e!aw, et a$? fi$e t"eir an!wer to t"e co)'$aint, w"i$e ,ofre Sanie$, anot"er re!'on ent, fi$e a )otion to i!)i!!? #"e1 'rinci'a$$1 invoAe 'etitioner0! $acA of $e&a$ 'er!ona$it1 an a(t"orit1 to in!tit(te t"e action for cance$$ation of t"eir tit$e!? - Re!'on ent Sanie$ a!!erte t"at !ince t"e action wa! for t"e cance$$ation of t"e ori&ina$ certificate! of tit$e i!!(e to t"e) t"ro(&" free 'atent, it wa! on$1 t"e <overn)ent t"ro(&" t"e So$icitor <enera$ or "i! ($1 a(t"oriBe re're!entative w"o co($ in!tit(te t"e rever!ion 'rocee in&? - Event(a$$1, ,( &e Ibarreta i!!(e an or er i!)i!!in& t"e co)'$aint? - Petitioner! a''ea$e to t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! w"ic" affir)e t"e tria$ co(rt an "e$ @ #"ere i! no i!'(te t"at t"e tit$e! re&i!tere in t"e na)e! of t"e efen ant!-a''e$$ee! are free 'atent tit$e! i!!(e b1 t"e State t"ro(&" t"e 7(rea( of Lan !? #"(!, not bein& owner!, )(c" $e!! &rantor!, '$aintiff!-a''e$$ant! cannot a! for cance$$ation or reconve1ance? - Petitioner! fi$e t"i! 'etition? - Petitioner! conten t"at t"e !(it t"e1 initia$$1 fi$e in t"e R#C of 3avao Cit1 wa! not an action for rever!ion 4w"erein t"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t wo($ "ave in ee been t"e Re'(b$ic of t"e P"i$i''ine!5 b(t rat"er an action for cance$$ation of tit$e! wit" a)a&e!, !ince t"e 'rob$e) wa! F o(b$e tit$in&?L - Petitioner! t"(! 'ra1 for t"e cance$$ation of tit$e! an free 'atent! fra( ($ent$1 !ec(re b1 re!'on ent! over t"e !a)e 'arce$! of $an w"ic" were a$rea 1 re&i!tere to t"e) t"ro(&" OC#! w"ic" were !ti$$ intact an in t"eir na)e! at t"e ti)e of t"e i!!(ance of re!'on ent!0 a$$e&e $1 voi tit$e!? - Petitioner! in!i!t t"at !ince t"e $an in /(e!tion wa! a$rea 1 'rivate $an at t"e ti)e it wa! i!!(e a free 'atent b1 t"e 7(rea( of Lan !, t"e inc$(!ion of t"e Re'(b$ic of t"e P"i$i''ine! a! t"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t wa! (nnece!!ar1? ISSUE =O; t"e 'etitioner! "ave $e&a$ 'er!ona$it1 to in!tit(te t"e 'rocee in&!? HELD YES - #"i! $e&a$ i!'(te oe! not invo$ve an action for t"e rever!ion of $an to t"e '(b$ic o)ain b(t one for t"e cance$$ation of n($$ an voi free 'atent! over 'rivate $an ? - Geirs of Am rocio Nionisala vs. Geirs of Gonorio 3acut @ An or inar1 civi$ action for ec$aration of n($$it1 of free 'atent! an certificate! of tit$e i! not t"e !a)e a! an action for rever!ion? #"e ifference between t"e) $ie! in t"e a$$e&ation! a! to t"e c"aracter of owner!"i' of t"e rea$t1 w"o!e tit$e i! !o(&"t to be n($$ifie ? - In an action for reversion, t"e 'ertinent a$$e&ation! in t"e co)'$aint wo($ a )it State owner!"i' of t"e i!'(te $an ? On t"e ot"er "an , a cause of action for declaration of nullit! of free patent and certificate of title wo($ re/(ire a$$e&ation! of t"e '$aintiff0! owner!"i' of t"e conte!te $ot 'rior to t"e i!!(ance of !(c" free 'atent an certificate of tit$e a! we$$ a! t"e efen ant0! fra( or )i!taAe; a! t"e ca!e )a1 be, in !(cce!!f($$1 obtainin& t"e!e oc()ent! of tit$e over t"e 'arce$ of $an c$ai)e b1 '$aintiff? In !(c" a ca!e, t"e n($$it1 ari!e! !trict$1 not fro) t"e fra( or eceit b(t fro) t"e fact t"at t"e $an i! be1on t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e 7(rea( of Lan ! to be!tow an w"atever 'atent or certificate of tit$e obtaine t"erefor i! con!e/(ent$1 voi ab initio? #"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t i! not t"e State b(t t"e '$aintiff w"o a$$e&e! a 'ree6i!tin& ri&"t of owner!"i' over t"e 'arce$ of $an in /(e!tion even before t"e &rant of tit$e to t"e efen ant? - Petitioner! c$ai) contin(in& owner!"i' over t"e !(b2ect 'arce$! of $an !ince 1-98, a! evi ence b1 OC# ;o? 0-.2> an 0-.2- in t"eir na)e!? #"i! can on$1 )ean, accor in& to 'etitioner!, t"at t"e free 'atent! an OC#! i!!(e to re!'on ent! in 1--0 an 1--1 were n($$ an voi beca(!e t"e $an wa! t"eir 'rivate 'ro'ert1, an a! !(c", co($ not "ave been va$i $1 i!'o!e of b1 t"e <overn)ent? Confor)ab$1 wit" o(r r($in& in :eir! of A)brocio Uioni!a$a, 'etitioner! are t"erefore t"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t in t"i! ca!e? - +(rt"er)ore, R($e ., Section 2 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re !tate!@ Section 2? Partie! in intere!t - A rea$ 'art1 in intere!t i! t"e 'art1 w"o !tan ! to be benefite or in2(re b1 t"e 2( &)ent in t"e !(it, or t"e 'art1 entit$e to t"e avai$! of t"e !(it? In$e!! ot"erwi!e a(t"oriBe b1 $aw or t"e!e R($e!, ever1 action )(!t be 're!ente or efen e in t"e na)e of t"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t? - Since, 'etitioner! are t"e rea$ 'artie! in intere!t (n er t"e r($e!, t"en t"e1 "ave t"e $e&a$ 'er!ona$it1 to !(e re!'on ent!? #"e $an !(b2ect of t"e controver!1 i! tit$e eit"er in t"eir na)e! or t"at of t"eir 're ece!!or!-in-intere!t? #"e1 !tan to be benefite or in2(re b1 w"atever eci!ion t"e co(rt )a1 ecree? :ence, t"e1 are entit$e to t"e o''ort(nit1 to efen t"eir tit$e! an 're!ent t"eir !i e of t"e controver!1 !ince t"eir tit$e! ate even ear$ier t"an t"o!e of t"e 'atent "o$ er!-re!'on ent!? Disposition Petition <RA;#E3?

MALLION V ALCANTARA /.R. N!. =9=48: AZCUNA< Oc !6e" 1=, 8BB5

NATURE Petition for review on certiorari (n er R($e 45, ROC FACTS -Oct24,1--5@ O!car P? Ma$$ion fi$e a 'etition wit" R#C San Pab$o Cit1 !eeAin& a ec$aration of n($$it1 of "i! )arria&e to E it"a A$cantara (n er Artic$e .8 of t"e +a)i$1 Co e, citin& A$cantara0! a$$e&e '!1c"o$o&ica$ inca'acit1? After tria$ on t"e )erit!, R#C enie t"e 'etition ('on t"e fin in& t"at Ma$$ion fai$e to a (ce 're'on erant evi ence to warrant t"e &rant of t"e re$ief "e i! !eeAin&? CA i!)i!!e t"e a''ea$ for fai$(re of Ma$$ion to 'a1 t"e ocAet an ot"er $awf($ fee! wit"in t"e re&$e)entar1 'erio ? -After !ai eci!ion attaine fina$it1, Ma$$ion fi$e on ,($1 12, 1--anot"er 'etition for ec$aration of n($$it1 of )arria&e wit" R#C San Pab$o Cit1, t"i! ti)e a$$e&in& t"at "i! )arria&e wit" A$cantara wa! n($$ an voi (e to t"e fact t"at it wa! ce$ebrate wit"o(t a va$i )arria&e $icen!e? +or "er 'art, A$cantara fi$e an an!wer wit" a M#3 'ra1in& for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e 'etition on t"e &ro(n of res judicata an for() !"o''in&?

>2 -R#C &rante M#3 an i!)i!!e t"e ca!e forfor() !"o''in& an )($ti'$icit1 of !(it!? Ma$$ion0! M+R wa! a$!o enie ? :ence, t"i! 'etition? -Ma$$ion ar&(e! t"at w"i$e t"e re$ief 'ra1e for in t"e two ca!e! wa! t"e !a)e, t"at i!, t"e ec$aration of n($$it1 of "i! )arria&e to re!'on ent, t"e ca(!e of action in t"e ear$ier ca!e wa! i!tinct an !e'arate fro) t"e ca(!e of action in t"e 're!ent ca!e beca(!e t"e o'erative fact! ('on w"ic" t"e1 were ba!e a! we$$ a! t"e evi ence re/(ire to !(!tain eit"er were ifferent? 7eca(!e t"ere i! no i entit1 a! to t"e ca(!e of action, 'etitioner c$ai)! t"at res judicata oe! not $ie to bar t"e !econ 'etition. In t"i! connection, 'etitioner )aintain! t"at t"ere wa! no vio$ation of t"e r($e on for() !"o''in& or of t"e r($e w"ic" 'ro!cribe! t"e !'$ittin& of a ca(!e of action? -A$cantara, in "er co))ent, co(nter! t"at w"i$e t"e 're!ent !(it i! anc"ore on a ifferent &ro(n , it !ti$$ invo$ve! t"e !a)e i!!(e rai!e in t"e ear$ier civi$ ca!e 4va$i it1 of t"eir )arria&e5 an 'ra1! for t"e !a)e re)e 1 4 ec$aration of n($$it15? Re!'on ent t"(! conten ! t"at 'etitioner vio$ate t"e r($e on for() !"o''in&? Moreover, re!'on ent a!!ert! t"at 'etitioner vio$ate t"e r($e on )($ti'$icit1 of !(it! a! t"e &ro(n "e cite! in t"i! 'etition co($ "ave been rai!e (rin& t"e tria$ in t"e fir!t ca!e? ISSUE =O; a 'revio(! fina$ 2( &)ent en1in& a 'etition for ec$aration of n($$it1 on t"e &ro(n of '!1c"o$o&ica$ inca'acit1 i! bar to a !(b!e/(ent 'etition for ec$aration of n($$it1 on t"e &ro(n of $acA of )arria&e $icen!e HELD? YES .Res judicata, defined@ a )atter a 2( &e ; a t"in& 2( icia$$1 acte ('on or eci e ; a t"in& or )atter !ett$e b1 2( &)ent? It a$!o refer! to t"e r($e t"at a fina$ 2( &)ent or ecree on t"e )erit! b1 a co(rt of co)'etent 2(ri! iction i! conc$(!ive of t"e ri&"t! of t"e 'artie! or t"eir 'rivie! in a$$ $ater !(it! on 'oint! an )atter! eter)ine in t"e for)er !(it? -#"i! octrine i! a r($e w"ic" 'erva e! ever1 we$$-re&($ate !1!te) of 2(ri!'r( ence an i! fo(n e ('on t"e fo$$owin& 'rece't! of co))on $aw, na)e$1@ 415 '(b$ic 'o$ic1 an nece!!it1, w"ic" )aAe! it to t"e intere!t of t"e State t"at t"ere !"o($ be an en to $iti&ation, N425 t"e "ar !"i' on t"e in ivi (a$ t"at "e !"o($ be ve6e twice for t"e !a)e ca(!e? A contrar1 octrine wo($ !(b2ect t"e '(b$ic 'eace an /(iet to t"e wi$$ an ne&$ect of in ivi (a$! an 'refer t"e &ratification of t"e $iti&io(! i!'o!ition on t"e 'art of !(itor! to t"e 're!ervation of t"e '(b$ic tran/(i$it1 an "a''ine!!? -In t"i! 2(ri! iction, t"e conce't of res judicata i! e)bo ie in Sec494b5 an 4c5 of R($e .- of ROC? Res judicata in t"i! !en!e re/(ire! t"e conc(rrence of t"e fo$$owin& re*uisites@ 415 t"e for)er 2( &)ent i! final; 425 it i! ren ere b1 a co(rt "avin& jurisdiction over t"e !(b2ect )atter an t"e 'artie!; 4.5 it i! a 2( &)ent or an or er on the merits; an 445 t"ere i! -- between t"e fir!t an t"e !econ action! -- identit! of 'artie!, of !(b2ect )atter, an of ca(!e! of action? - e# ! )e e"Dine K-e -e" -e c%,#e# !& %c i!n %"e i)en ic%* @ a!certain w"et"er t"e !a)e evi ence wi$$ !(!tain bot" action!, or w"et"er t"ere i! an i entit1 in t"e fact! e!!entia$ to t"e )aintenance of t"e two action!? If t"e !a)e fact! or evi ence wo($ !(!tain bot", t"e two action! are con!i ere t"e !a)e, an a 2( &)ent in t"e fir!t ca!e i! a bar to t"e !(b!e/(ent action? -7a!e on t"i! te!t, it i! a''arent t"at 'etitioner i! !i)'$1 invoAin& ifferent &ro(n ! for t"e !a)e ca(!e of action? 71 efinition, a ca(!e of action i! t"e act or o)i!!ion b1 w"ic" a 'art1 vio$ate! t"e ri&"t of anot"er? In bot" 'etition!, 'etitioner "a! t"e !a)e ca(!e - t"e ec$aration of n($$it1 of "i! )arria&e to re!'on ent? ="at iffer! i! t"e &ro(n ('on w"ic" t"e ca(!e of action i! 're icate ? #"e!e &ro(n ! cite b1 'etitioner e!!entia$$1 !'$it t"e vario(! a!'ect! of t"e 'ivota$ i!!(e t"at "o$ ! t"e Ae1 to t"e re!o$(tion of t"i! controver!1, t"at i!, t"e act(a$ !tat(! of 'etitioner an re!'on ent0! )arria&e? -+(rt"er)ore, t"e in!tant ca!e i! 're)i!e on t"e c$ai) t"at t"e )arria&e i! n($$ an voi beca(!e no va$i ce$ebration of t"e !a)e tooA '$ace (e to t"e a$$e&e $acA of a )arria&e $icen!e? 7(t in t"e ear$ier ca!e, 'etitioner i)'$ie $1 conce e t"at t"e )arria&e "a been !o$e)niBe an ce$ebrate in accor ance wit" $aw? Petitioner i! now bo(n b1 t"i! a )i!!ion? #"e a$$e&e ab!ence of a )arria&e $icen!e w"ic" 'etitioner rai!e! now co($ "ave been 're!ente an "ear in t"e ear$ier ca!e? -Partie! are bo(n not on$1 a! re&ar ! ever1 )atter offere an receive to !(!tain or efeat t"eir c$ai)! or e)an b(t a! to an1 ot"er a )i!!ib$e )atter w"ic" )i&"t "ave been offere for t"at '(r'o!e an of a$$ ot"er )atter! t"at co($ "ave been a 2( &e in t"at ca!e? -A 'art1 cannot eva e or avoi t"e a''$ication of res judicata b1 !i)'$1 var1in& t"e for) of "i! action or a o'tin& a ifferent )et"o of 're!entin& "i! ca!e? Pere& v. CA( t"e !tate)ent of a ifferent for) of $iabi$it1 i! not a ifferent ca(!e of action, 'rovi e it &row! o(t of t"e !a)e tran!action or act an !eeA! re re!! for t"e wron&? #wo action! are not nece!!ari$1 for ifferent ca(!e! of action !i)'$1 beca(!e t"e t"eor1 of t"e !econ wo($ not "ave been o'en (n er t"e '$ea in&! in t"e fir!t? A 'art1 cannot 're!erve t"e ri&"t to brin& a !econ action after t"e $o!! of t"e fir!t )ere$1 b1 "avin& circ()!cribe an $i)ite t"eorie! of recover1 o'ene b1 t"e '$ea in&! in t"e fir!t? -Liti&ant! are 'rovi e wit" t"e o'tion! on t"e co(r!e of action to taAe in or er to obtain 2( icia$ re$ief? Once an o'tion "a! been taAen an a ca!e i! fi$e in co(rt, t"e 'artie! )(!t venti$ate a$$ )atter! an re$evant i!!(e! t"erein? #"e $o!in& 'art1 w"o fi$e! anot"er action re&ar in& t"e !a)e controver!1 wi$$ be nee $e!!$1 !/(an erin& ti)e, effort an financia$ re!o(rce! beca(!e "e i! barre b1 $aw fro) $iti&atin& t"e !a)e controver!1 a$$ over a&ain? -:avin& e6're!!$1 an i)'$ie $1 conce e t"e va$i it1 of t"eir )arria&e ce$ebration, 'etitioner i! now ee)e to "ave waive an1 efect! t"erein? +or t"i! rea!on, t"e Co(rt fin ! t"at t"e 're!ent action for ec$aration of n($$it1 of )arria&e on t"e &ro(n of $acA of )arria&e $icen!e i! barre b1 t"e ear$ier eci!ion i!)i!!in& t"e 'etition for ec$aration of n($$it1 on t"e &ro(n of '!1c"o$o&ica$ inca'acit1? Disposition Petition enie for $acA of )erit? Co!t! a&ain!t 'etitioner? SO OR3ERE3?

LEE BUN TIN/ V ALI/AEN 98 SCRA 418 A;#O;IO; A'ri$ 22, 1-99
NATURE Ori&ina$ 'etition in t"e SC? Certiorari wit" 're$i)inar1 in2(nction? FACTS - #"e ca!e invo$ve! a /(e!tion of res judicata? #"e fir!t ca!e wa! 3inglasan v -ee @un +ing ? #"e 're!ent ca!e !eeA! for t"e rever!a$ of t"e eci!ion in afore)entione ca!e? DIN/LASAN V LEE BUN TIN/ - Petitioner! !o$ to Lee Lion&, a C"ine!e citiBen 4're ece!!or of Lee 7(n #in&5, a 'arce$ of $an !it(ate in Ca'iB, for P8,000? After t"e !a$e Lee Lion& con!tr(cte a concrete b(i$ in& w"ic" "e (!e for "i! $()ber b(!ine!! an "i! re!i ence? - Petitioner! !o(&"t for t"e ec$aration of n($$it1 of t"e !a$e? Petitioner! conten t"at t"e !a$e wa! a con itiona$ !a$e wit" t"e ri&"t to re'(rc"a!e, b(t t"e R#C an CA fo(n t"at t"e !a$e wa! ab!o$(te? Anot"er contention wa! t"at t"e !a$e i! n($$ an voi a! it vio$ate t"e 1-9. Con!tit(tion, Art [III, Sec? 5 4t"at forei&ner! cannot own $an in t"e P"i$i''ine!5? On J,ne 82, =>45, -e C!," ,p-e*) -e #%*e. - #"e S('re)e Co(rt "e$ t"at even if Lee Lion& vio$ate t"e Con!tit(tion, t"e !a$e cannot be ee)e n($$ an voi beca(!e at t"e ti)e of t"e !a$e, one of t"e '$aintiff!, ,( &e Rafae$ 3in&$a!an 4an a!!i!tant attorne1 at t"e 3O,5 Anew of t"e !ai Con!tit(tiona$ 'rovi!ion? #"e ven or wa! e/(a$$1 &(i$t1, an t"e octrine of pari delicto a''$ie ? #"e octrine of in pari delicto barre 'etitionera''e$$ant! fro) recoverin& t"e tit$e to t"e 'ro'ert1 in /(e!tion an ren er! (nnece!!ar1 t"e con!i eration of t"e ot"er ar&()ent! 're!ente ? - #"e Co(rt 'ointe o(t t"e ab!ence of 'o$ic1 &overnin& $an ! !o$ to a$ien! in vio$ation of t"e Con!tit(tiona$ 'ro"ibition? PRESENT CASE - TKe*'e @=8A (e%"# *% e" , 'rivate re!'on ent! 3in&$a!an et a$? fi$e a co)'$aint on JULY =, =>5: for t"e recover1 of t"e !a)e 'arce$ of $an 4!(b2ect-)atter of t"e 'revio(! ca!e5, on t"e ba!i! of t"e eci!ion of t"e SC in Philippine @an'ing Corporation v -ui She. #"e re!'on ent! a&ain a!!erte t"at t"e !a$e vio$ate t"e Con!tit(tion? #"e1 'ra1e t"at t"e1 be ec$are t"e $e&a$ owner!, t"e $an be !(rren ere , t"at Lee 7(n #in& receive P8U a! re!tit(tion for t"e $an , an t"at t"e1 be 'ai P2U )ont"$1 (nti$ t"e ret(rn of t"e 'ro'ert1?

>. - A D! i!n ! )i#Di## wa! fi$e b1 Lee 7(n #in& on t"e &ro(n of res judicata# a$$e&in& t"at t"e i!!(e! "ave efinite$1 been !ett$e in t"e 3in&$a!an ca!e? - On Oct? 10, 1-8> A$i&aen of Ca'iB C+I enie t"e )otion to i!)i!!? A )otion for recon!i eration wa! fi$e b1 efen ant!? #"e c$ai)e t"at in t"e ca!e of P"i$i''ine 7anAin& Cor'oration, t"ere i! no !tate)ent w"ic" wo($ "ave t"e effect of reo'enin& an c"an&in& 'revio(!$1 a 2( icate ri&"t! of 'artie! an fina$$1 !ett$e ca!e! 4)eanin& t"ere i! no e6're!! 'ro"ibition a&ain!t c"an&in& 'revio(! ca!e!5? - Lee 7(n #in& reiterate t"eir efen!e of res judicata on t"e ba!i! of t"e eci!ion of t"e SC on ,(ne 29, 1-58? T-e( p"%(e) -% -e c!Dp*%in 6e )i#Di##e). ISSUE =O; t"e ca!e Aafael 3inglasan# et al. v -ee @un +ing , et a$? co($ be re$iti&ate in view of t"e !(b!e/(ent eci!ion of t"e SC in P"i$i''ine 7anAin& Cor'? v L(i S"e HELD NO. Ratio It i! c$ear t"at 'o!terior c"an&e! in t"e octrine of t"e SC cannot retroactive$1 be a''$ie to n($$if1 a 'rior fina$ r($in& in t"e !a)e 'rocee in& w"ere t"e 'rior a 2( ication wa! "a , w"et"er civi$ or cri)ina$? Reasoning - Rea!on! of '(b$ic 'o$ic1, 2( icia$ or er$ine!!, econo)1 an 2( icia$ ti)e an t"e intere!t! of $iti&ant!, a! we$$ a! t"e 'eace an or er of !ociet1, a$$ re/(ire t"at !tabi$it1 be accor e t"e !o$e)n an fina$ 2( &)ent! of t"e co(rt! or trib(na$! of co)'etent 2(ri! iction? R,+ J5DIC!T! - #"e octrine of re! 2( icata a''$ie! w"ere, between a 'en in& action an one w"ic" "a! been fina$$1 an efinite$1 !ett$e , t"ere i! i entit1 of 'artie!, !(b2ect )atter an ca(!e of action? Partie! !"o($ not be a$$owe to $iti&ate t"e !a)e i!!(e )ore t"an once? R($e .-, Sec? 4-4b5 4b5 In ot"er ca!e! t"e 2( &)ent or or er i!, wit" re!'ect to t"e )atter irect$1 a 2( &e or a! to an1 ot"er )atter t"at co($ "ave been rai!e in re$ation t"ereto, conc$(!ive between t"e 'artie! an t"eir !(cce!!or! in intere!t b1 t"e tit$e !(b!e/(ent to t"e co))ence)ent of t"e action or !'ecia$ 'rocee in&, $iti&atin& for t"e !a)e tit$e an in t"e !a)e ca'acit1? 4c5 In an1 ot"er $iti&ation between t"e !a)e 'artie! or t"eir !(cce!!or!in-intere!t, t"at on$1 i! ee)e to "ave been a 2( &e in a for)er 2( &)ent w"ic" a''ear! ('on it face to "ave been !o a 2( &e , or wa! act(a$$1 an nece!!ari$1 inc$( e t"erein or nece!!ar1 t"ereto? - 4-4b5 refer! to bar b1 'rior 2( &)ent, w"i$e 4-4c5 refer! to conc$(!ivene!! of 2( &)ent? #"e 2( &)ent in t"e fir!t ca!e con!tit(te! an ab!o$(te bar to t"e !(b!e/(ent action? 4:owever, even if t"ere i! i entit1 of 'artie! b(t no i entit1 or ca(!e of action, t"e fir!t 2( &)ent i! conc$(!ive in t"e !econ ca!e? - In t"e 're!ent ca!e, t"e na)e! of t"e 'artie! invo$ve were t"e !a)e, an t"e action an re$ief 'ra1e for are i entica$Gann($)ent of !a$e an recover1 of t"e 'arce$ of $an ? - a !(b!e/(ent reinter'retation of t"e $aw )a1 be a''$ie to new ca!e! b(t not to an o$ one fina$$1 an conc$(!ive$1 eter)ine b1 t"e 'eo'$e? Once t"e 2( &)ent of t"e SC beco)e! fina$, it i! bin in& on a$$ inferior co(rt!, an "ence be1on t"eir 'ower an a(t"orit1 to a$ter or )o if1? DISPOSITION Certiorari i! &rante , wit" co!t! a&ain!t 'rivate re!'on ent!? 'ortion of Lot ;o? -89 encroac"e ('on Lot ;o? -8> to t"e e6tent of 2,148 !/(are )eter!? Lot ;o? -8> i! t"e a 2acent 'ro'ert1 be$on&in& to 'etitioner!? In t"eir co)'$aint, 'etitioner! averre t"at t"e re&i!tration of Lot ;o? -89 wa! ba!e on an erroneo(! !(rve1 an tec"nica$ e!cri'tion? #"e1 !o(&"t t"e reconve1ance of t"e i!'(te area an t"e cance$$ation of t"e OC# to ref$ect t"e con!e/(ent re (ction in area? #"e Avi$a! )ove for t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e ca!e on t"e &ro(n of res judicata? After a 're$i)inar1 "earin&, t"e R#C i!!(e t"e or er i!)i!!in& t"e ca!e? - Petitioner! e$evate t"e )atter to t"e CA, conten in& t"at t"e R#C erre in i!)i!!in& t"e ca!e ba!e on res judicata. #"e CA ('"e$ t"e incontrovertibi$it1 of t"e ecree of re&i!tration one 1ear after it! i!!(ance? It a$!o eb(nAe t"e erroneo(! !(rve1 an tec"nica$ e!cri'tion foi!te b1 'etitioner! a! not t"e fra( conte)'$ate (n er Sec? 5. of P3 152-, w"ic" a$$ow! t"e reconve1ance of fra( ($ent$1 re&i!tere $an ? - Petitioner! fi$e t"e in!tant 'etition? #"e1 ar&(e t"at t"e 2( &)ent in t"e $an re&i!tration ca!e i! not 1et fina$ beca(!e t"e a&&rieve 'art1 can !ti$$ avai$ of t"e re)e 1 of reconve1ance an recover1 of a)a&e!, an t"at t"e tria$ co(rt t"erein "a no 2(ri! iction over t"e i!'(te area !ince it "a a$rea 1 been covere b1 an OC# i!!(e in t"e na)e of 'etitioner!? ISSUES =O; 'etitioner0! co)'$aint i! barre b1 res judicata HELD CES Ratio +or res judicata to !erve a! an ab!o$(te bar to a !(b!e/(ent action, t"e fo$$owin& re/(i!ite! )(!t conc(r@ 415 t"e for)er 2( &)ent or or er )(!t be fina$; 425 t"e 2( &)ent or or er )(!t be on t"e )erit!; 4.5 it )(!t "ave been ren ere b1 a co(rt "avin& 2(ri! iction over t"e !(b2ect )atter an 'artie!; an 445 t"ere )(!t be between t"e fir!t an !econ action!, i entit1 of 'artie!, of !(b2ect )atter, an of ca(!e! of action? ="en t"ere i! no i entit1 of ca(!e! of action, b(t on$1 an i entit1 of i!!(e!, t"ere e6i!t! res judicata in t"e conce't of conc$(!ivene!! of 2( &)ent? #"e r($e on conc$(!ivene!! of 2( &)ent bar! t"e re$iti&ation of 'artic($ar fact! or i!!(e! in anot"er $iti&ation between t"e !a)e 'artie! on a ifferent c$ai) or ca(!e of action? Reasoning A$$ t"e e$e)ent! of res judicata in t"e )o e of bar b1 'rior 2( &)ent are 're!ent? #"ere i! no /(e!tion t"at !ai eci!ion wa! an a 2( ication on t"e )erit!? Petitioner! an re!'on ent! were t"e !a)e 'art1 $iti&ant!? #"e !(b2ect )atter of t"e civi$ ca!e wa! t"e !a)e 'ro'ert1 t"at wa! t"e !(b2ect )atter in t"e LRC ca!e? Petitioner!0 ca(!e of action in t"e civi$ ca!e wo($ ca$$ for t"e eter)ination an a 2( ication of owner!"i' over t"e i!'(te 'ortion, an i!!(e a$rea 1 'a!!e b1 t"e $an re&i!tration co(rt w"en it confir)e t"e Avi$a!0 tit$e over Lot ;o? -89? Petitioner! 'oint o(t t"at t"e $an re&i!tration co(rt "a no 2(ri! iction over t"e i!'(te 'ortion a! t"i! "a a$rea 1 been ecree in an ear$ier $an re&i!tration ca!e an a !econ ecree for t"e !a)e $an i! n($$ an voi ? Petitioner! c$ai) t"at t"e i!'(te 'ortion i! covere b1 t"eir tit$e, b(t t"at it wa! erroneo(!$1 inc$( e in t"e !(rve1 an tec"nica$ e!cri'tion !(b2ect of t"e Avi$a!0 $an re&i!tration a''$ication? #"at wa! 'reci!e$1 t"e content an t"r(!t of 'etitioner!0 o''o!ition to t"e Avi$a!0 $an re&i!tration a''$ication? 7(t t"e $an re&i!tration co(rt eb(nAe t"e o''o!ition an ('"e$ t"e a''$ication? Petitioner! co($ "ave a''ea$e t"e eci!ion of t"e $an re&i!tration co(rt? #"eir fai$(re to o !o ren ere !ai eci!ion fina$ an e6ec(tor1? Disposition Petition 3E;IE3?

VILLARINO ' AVILA /.R. N!. =1==>= TIN/A, J.< Sep eD6e" 85, 8BB5
NATURE Petition for review on certiorari a!!ai$in& t"e affir)in& t"e or er of i!)i!!a$ of t"e R#C eci!ion of t"e CA

CARILLO V. CA @DABON AND DABONA @#,p"%A

NATURE Review on certiorari of eci!ion of Co(rt of A''ea$! FACTS - <onBa$e! fi$e co)'$aint 4action for !'ecific 'erfor)ance5 a&ain!t Manio !'!, !eeAin& e6ec(tion of ee of !a$e of 'ro'ert1 !"e bo(&"t fr Pri!ci$$a Manio? <onBa$e! !ai !"e ' own'a1)ent to Pri!ci$$a beca(!e !"e "a an SPA fro) "er !on Ari!tot$e, t"e owner of t"e $an ? - #C r($e in favor of <onBa$e!? <onBa$e! e'o!ite ba$ance wE t"e

FACTS - Petitioner! !'o(!e! %i$$arino fi$e an action for Ann($)ent of #it$e, Reconve1ance, 3a)a&e! an In2(nction a&ain!t re!'on ent! t"e Avi$a! an t"e Provincia$ S"eriff? Petitioner! o''o!e t"e a''$ication of t"e Avi$a! for t"e re&i!tration of Lot ;o? -89 on t"e &ro(n t"at a

>4 co(rt an fi$e )otion for e6ec(tion, wEc wa! wE rawn bec eci!ion wa!n0t !erve on efen ant!? S"eriff fina$$1 !erve a co'1 at an (n&o $1 "o(r of 12 )n? - #C0! eci!ion beca)e fina$ an e6ec(tor1? - #"e 3abon!, c$ai)in& to "ave bo(&"t t"e $an fr Ari!tot$e, fi$e before t"e CA a 'etition for ann($)ent of 2( &)ent an or er! of t"e #C? #"e1 a$$e&e t"at t"e eci!ion wa! voi for $acA of 2(ri! iction over t"eir 'er!on! a! t"e rea$ 'artie! in intere!t? CA i!!(e re!o$(tion re!trainin& #C fro) i)'$e)entin& it! eci!ion? :ence, t"i! 'etition b1 <onBa$e!? ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"ere wa! ba!i! to ann($ t"e eci!ion of t"e #C? 2? =O; t"e 3abon! can !eeA ann($)ent of t"e #C 2( &)ent HELD 1? CES? Ratio An action !"o($ be bro(&"t a&ain!t t"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t? #"e rea$ 'art1 in intere!t i! t"e one w"o wo($ be benefite or in2(re b1 t"e 2( &)ent or i! t"e one entit$e to t"e avai$! of t"e !(it? Reasoning - ;a)e 'etitioner! "erein are Cari$$o 4Pre!i in& ,( &e5, <(1ot 4C$erA of Co(rt5, Seno1 43e'(t1 S"eriff5, Ri!onar 4Re&i!trar of 3ee !5, an <onBa$e!? Cari$$o, <(1ot, Seno1 an Ri!onar are not intere!te 'artie! beca(!e t"e1 wo($ not benefit fro) t"e affir)ative re$ief! !o(&"t? On$1 <onBa$e! re)ain! a! &en(ine 'art1-'etitioner in t"i! ca!e? - <onBa$e! in!i!t! t"at t"e 3abon! "ave no ri&"t to !eeA ann($)ent of t"e #C0! 2( &)ent bec t"e10re not 'artie! to t"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance ca!e? 7(t t"e 3abon! in!i!t t"at t"e1 are 'artie! in intere!t bec t"e1 are b(1er!, owner! an 'o!!e!!or! of t"e conte!te $an ? - #"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance ca!e bro(&"t b1 <onBa$e! to t"e #C na)e Pri!ci$$a Manio an "(!ban a! efen ant!? :owever, t"e $ot i! owne b1 Ari!tot$e, t"eir !on? Pri!ci$$a "a no intere!t on t"e $ot an can "ave no intere!t in t"e 2( &)ent of t"e #C? +ai$(re to i)'$ea Ari!tot$e Manio ren er! t"e 'rocee in&! in t"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance ca!e n($$ an voi ? 2? CES? Ratio A 'er!on nee not be a 'art1 to t"e 2( &)ent !o(&"t to be ann($$e ? ="at i! e!!entia$ i! t"at "e can 'rove t"at t"e 2( &)ent wa! obtaine b1 fra( an "e wo($ be a ver!e$1 affecte t"ereb1? Reasoning A$t"o(&" t"e 3abon! are not 'artie! to t"e !'ecific 'erfor)ance ca!e, an1 fin in& of e6trin!ic fra( wo($ a ver!e$1 affect t"eir owner!"i' an co($ be ba!i! of ann($)ent of 2( &)ent? In t"i! ca!e, <onBa$e! Anew of t"e !a$e of $ot b1 Ari!tot$e Manio to t"e 3abon! 1et <onBa$e! i not inc$( e t"e 3abon! in "er 'etition? #"i! i! e6trin!ic fra( ? Disposition Petition i! enie ? beca)e "o$ er! of !"are! of !tocA on$1 a! incor'oratin& or ac/(irin& !tocA"o$ er!, an a! !(c", t"e1 o not c$ai) an1 'ro'rietar1 intere!t in !ai !"are!? - Petitioner Para2a :a1( ini, w"o !e'arate fr ACCRA, fi$e a !e'arate an!wer? - ACCRA $aw1er! fi$e a co(nter-)otion t"at PC<< a$!o e6c$( e t"e) a! 'artie!- efen ant a! it i to Roco? PC<< !et con ition! for e6c$(!ion of t"e 'etitioner!@ - i!c$o!(re of i entit1 of c$ient! - !(b)i!!ion of oc! !(b!tantiatin& $aw1er-c$ient re$ation!"i' - !(b)i!!ion of ee ! of a!!i&n)ent! 'etitioner! e6ec(te in favor of it! c$ient! coverin& t"eir re!'ective !"are"o$ in&!? - PC<< 're!ente !(''o!e 'roof to !(b!tantiate co)'$iance b1 Roco of t"e !ai con ition!? - San i&anba1an enie e6c$(!ion of 'etitioner! fr t"e PC<< ca!e? #"at enia$ i! now bein& /(e!tione ? ISSUE0S 1? =O; t"ere i! a ca(!e of action a&ain!t t"e efen ant! 2? =O; $aw1er-c$ient confi entia$it1 a''$ie! in t"i! ca!e .? =O; Roco an t"e ACCRA $aw1er! are !i)i$ar$1 !it(ate , t"(!, )aAin& t"e enia$ of t"e ACCRA $aw1er!0 e6c$(!ion fro) t"e PC<< ca!e a vio$ation of e/(a$ 'rotection c$a(!e? HELD 1? ;O? Reasoning - It i! /(ite a''arent t"at 'etitioner! were i)'$ea e b1 t"e PC<< a! co- efen ant! to force t"e) to i!c$o!e t"e i entit1 of t"eir c$ient!? C$ear$1, re!'on ent PC<< i! not after 'etitioner! b(t t"e Fbi&&er fi!"L a! t"e1 !a1 in !treet 'ar$ance? #"i! '$o1 i! /(ite c$ear fro) t"e PC<<0! wi$$in&ne!! to c(t a ea$ wit" 'etitioner! -- t"e na)e! of t"eir c$ient! in e6c"an&e for e6c$(!ion fro) t"e co)'$aint - It wo($ !ee) t"at 'etitioner! are )ere$1 !tan in& in for t"eir c$ient! a! efen ant! in t"e co)'$aint? Petitioner! are bein& 'ro!ec(te !o$e$1 on t"e ba!i! of activitie! an !ervice! 'erfor)e in t"e co(r!e of t"eir (tie! a! $aw1er!? H(ite obvio(!$1, 'etitioner!0 inc$(!ion a! coefen ant! in t"e co)'$aint i! )ere$1 bein& (!e a! $evera&e to co)'e$ t"e) to na)e t"eir c$ient! an con!e/(ent$1 to enab$e t"e PC<< to nai$ t"e!e c$ient!? S(c" bein& t"e ca!e, re!'on ent PC<< "a! no va$i ca(!e of action a! a&ain!t 'etitioner! an !"o($ e6c$( e t"e) fro) t"e #"ir A)en e Co)'$aint 2? Ce! Ratio - #"e ri&"t to co(n!e$ of an acc(!e i! a$!o invo$ve in t"i! i!!(e? If c$ient were )a e to c"oo!e bet $e&a$ re're!entation wEo effective co))(nication an i!c$o!(re an $e&a$ re're!entation wE a$$ "i! !ecret! revea$e t"en "e )i&"t be co)'e$$e to !ta1 awa1 fro) t"e 2( icia$ !1!te) or $o!e ri&"t to co(n!e$? Reasoning - <E;ERAL RILE@ - Co(rt "a! ri&"t to Anow t"at c$ient w"o!e 'rivi$e&e info i! !o(&"t to be 'rotecte i! f$e!" an b$oo ? - Privi$e&e e6i!t! on$1 after att1-c$ient re$ation!"i' "a! been e!tab$i!"e ? It oe! not attac" (nti$ t"ere i! a c$ient? - Privi$e&e &enera$$1 'ertain! to !(b2ect )atter of t"e re$ation!"i'? - 3(e 'roce!! re/(ire! t"at t"e o''o!in& 'art1 !"o($ , a! a &enera$ r($e, Anow "i! a ver!ar1? - E[CEP#IO;S - C$ient i entit1 i! 'rivi$e&e w"ere a !tron& 'robabi$it1 e6i!t! t"at revea$in& c$ient0! na)e wo($ i)'$icate t"at c$ient in t"e ver1 activit1 for wEc "e !o(&"t t"e $aw1er0! a vice? - It i! a$!o 'rivi$e&e w"ere i!c$o!(re wo($ o'en t"e c$ient to civi$ $iabi$it1? - It i! a$!o 'rivi$e&e w"en &ovt0! $aw1er! "ave no ca!e a&ain!t an att10! c$ient (n$e!!, b1 revea$in& t"e c$ient0! na)e, t"e !ai na)e wo($ f(rni!" t"e on$1 $inA t"at wo($ be nece!!ar1 to convict an in ivi (a$ of a cri)e? - A'art fr t"e e6ce'tion! above, ot"er !it(ation! co($ /(a$if1 a! e6ce'tion!? Info re$atin& to t"e i entit1 of c$ient )a1 fa$$ wEin 'rivi$e&e w"en c$ient0! na)e it!e$f "a! in e'en ent !i&nificance !(c" t"at i!c$o!(re wo($ revea$ c$ient confi ence? - #"e in!tant ca!e +ALLS I;3ER A# LEAS# 2 E[CEP#IO;S? +ir!t, i!c$o!(re wo($ $ea to e!tab$i!" t"e c$ient0! connection wE t"e ver1

RE/ALA V SANDI/ANBAYAN /.R. N!. =B41: FAPUNAN< Sep eD6e" 8B, =>>5
NATURE S'ecia$ civi$ action for certiorari FACTS - #"i! i! an off!"oot of t"e co)'$aint before t"e San i&anba1an t"ro(&" t"e PC<< a&ain!t E (ar o Co2(an&co ,r? for recover1 of a$$e&e i$$-&otten wea$t" inc$( in& !"are! of !tocA! in certain cor'oration!? - ACCRA Law +ir) 'erfor)! $e&a$ !vc! inc$? or&aniBation an ac/(i!ition of b(!ine!! a!!ociation!Eor&!? So)eti)e!, )e)ber! of t"e fir) act a! incor'orator! or !tocA"o$ er!? #"e1 ac/(ire info re$ative to a!!et! of c$ient! an t"eir 'er!ona$EbiB circ()!tance!? In t"i! ca!e, ACCRA $aw1er! acte a! no)inee!-!tocA"o$ er! of !ai cor'! invo$ve in !e/(e!tration 'rocee in&!? - PC<< fi$e #"ir A)en e Co)'$aint wEc e6c$( e re!'on ent Ra($ Roco beca(!e "e 'ro)i!e to revea$ i entit1 of 'rinci'a$E! for w"o) "e acte a! no)inee-!tocA"o$ er - ACCRA $aw1er! !ai it wa! in f(rt"erance of $e&it $aw1erin& an t"e1

>5 fact in i!!(e? A$!o, t"e $inA bet t"e offen!e an t"e $e&a$ a viceE!vc wa! ($1 e!tab$i!"e b1 no $e!! t"an t"e PC<< it!e$f? Petitioner! "ave a $e&iti)ate fear t"at i entif1in& t"eir c$ient! wo($ i)'$icate t"e)? Reve$ation of t"e na)e wo($ 'rovi e t"e $inA for 'ro!ec(tion to b(i$ it! ca!e, w"ere none ot"erwi!e e6i!t!? - It i! iff w"en t"e c$ient con!($t! att1 for i$$icit '(r'o!e!, !eeAin& a vice on "ow to aro(n t"e $aw? In t"i! ca!e, a c$ient t"inA! "e )i&"t "ave 'revio(!$1 co))itte !o)et"in& i$$e&a$ an con!($t! att1 abt it? - Co(rt i! tr1in& to avoi fi!"in& e6'e ition b1 t"e 'ro!ec(tion? After a$$, t"ere are a$ternative !o(rce! of info avai$ab$e to 'ro!ec(tor wEc oe! not e'en on (ti$iBin& a efen ant0! co(n!e$ a! convenient an rea i$1 avai$ab$e !o(rce of info? - Law1er-c$ient confi entia$it1 an $o1a$t1 e6i!t! not on$1 (rin& re$ation!"i' b(t even after ter)ination of t"e re$ation!"i'? .? Ce! - Re!'on ent! fai$e to !"ow t"at Roco act(a$$1 revea$e t"e i entit1 of "i! c$ient!? PC<< !"$ !"ow t"at Roco wa! treate a! a !'ecie! a'art fr t"e ACCRA $aw1er! on ba!i! of c$a!!ification wEc )a e !(b!tantia$ i!tinction! ba!e on rea$ ifference!? ;o !(c" !(b!tantia$ i!tinction! e6i!t? Disposition 3eci!ion of t"e San i&anba1an ann($$e an !et a!i e or erin& <o2o to receive t"e P>10 an to re!tore 'o!!e!!ion to t"e efen ant! an a$$owin& t"e) to re ee) t"e !a)e? -A''e$$ant a''ea$e to t"e CA, w"ic" ('on fin in& t"at t"e !ai a''ea$ invo$ve! '(re$1 /(e!tion! of $aw, certifie t"e !a)e to t"e SC? ISSUES =O; #C erre in ec$arin& '$aintiff in efa($t wit" re!'ect to efen ant0! co(nterc$ai) HELD CES? #"e a''e$$ant conten ! t"at t"ere i! no occa!ion for t"e #C to ec$are "i) in efa($t in re!'ect of a''e$$ee0! co(nterc$ai) a! !ai co(nterc$ai) fa$$! wit"in t"e cate&or1 of co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) w"ic" oe! not ca$$ for an in e'en ent an!wer a! t"e co)'$aint a$rea 1 enie! it! )ateria$ a$$e&ation!? It i! now !ett$e t"at a '$aintiff w"o fai$! or c"oo!e! not to an!wer a co)'($!or1 co(nterc$ai) )a1 not be ec$are in efa($t, 'rinci'a$$1 beca(!e t"e i!!(e! rai!e in t"e co(nterc$ai) are ee)e a(to)atica$$1 2oine b1 t"e a$$e&ation! of t"e co)'$aint? -="i$e it i! tr(e t"at (n er Sec? . of R($e 19, a co)'$aint )a1 be i!)i!!e for fai$(re to 'ro!ec(te if t"e '$aintiff fai$! to co)'$1 wit" an or er of t"e co(rt, !ai 'rovi!ion cannot a''$1 w"en t"e or er i&nore i! a voi one, a! in t"i! ca!e? 4A! in Sec 20 of R($e ., t"e eat" of t"e efen ant in a contract(a$ )one1 c$ai) oe! i!)i!! !(c" action for recover1, b(t wi$$ be a$$owe to contin(e (nti$ fina$ 2( &)ent i! entere ? +avorab$e 2( &)ent obtaine b1 t"e '$aintiff !"a$$ be enforce in t"e )anner 'rovi e in t"e!e R($e! for 'ro!ec(tin& c$ai)! a&ain!t t"e e!tate of a ecea!e 'er!on? In 7arra)e a v! 7arbara, t"e SC "e$ t"at an or er to a)en t"e co)'$aint, before t"e 'ro'er !(b!tit(tion of 'artie! a! irecte b1 Sec? 19, R($e . 4Sec? 18, new $aw5, i! voi an i)'o!e! ('on t"e '$aintiff no (t1 to co)'$1 t"erewit" to t"e en t"at an or er i!)i!!in& t"e !ai co)'$aint, for !(c" non-co)'$iance, wo($ !i)i$ar$1 be voi ? It wa! f(rt"er "e$ in +erriera v! <onBa$e! t"at t"e contin(ance of a 'rocee in& (rin& t"e 'en enc1 of w"ic" a 'art1 t"ereto ie!, wit"o(t !(c" 'art1 "avin& been va$i $1 !(b!tit(te in accor ance wit" t"e r($e!, a)o(nt! to $acA of 2(ri! iction? =9,R,FOR,( the decision appealed fro$ is set aside

DISMISSAL BY CLAIMANT /OJO V /OYALA @#,p"%A

NATURE A''ea$ fro) a eci!ion of t"e C+I of Sor!o&on FACTS -A''e$$ee Se&(n o <o1a$a, wit" "i! now ecea!e wife Antonina !o$ to <o2o a 2?5 "ectare 'arce$ of a&ric($t(ra$ $an for P950 b1 a F3ee of Pacto e Retro Sa$eL, t"e re'(rc"a!e to be )a e wit"in one 1ear, a! !tate in t"e ee ? #"e ee a$!o in icate! t"at t"e ven ee 'ai anot"er P100 in a ition to t"e '(rc"a!e 'rice? 10 1ear! after t"e e6ec(tion of !ai oc()ent, <o2o fi$e a ca!e wit" t"e C+I a&ain!t <o1a$a b1 wa1 of a 'etition for con!o$i ation of owner!"i' of !ai $an ? <o2o a$$e&e t"at t"e 'erio for re'(rc"a!in& "a e6'ire an owner!"i' "a beco)e con!o$i ate in "i) an t"at for '(r'o!e! of recor in& t"e con!o$i ation in t"e Re&i!tr1 of Pro'ert1, it wa! nece!!ar1 t"at a 2( icia$ or er be i!!(e to t"at effect? -<o1a$a fi$e an an!wer to t"e 'etition, a$$e&in& t"at t"e1 "a obtaine a ca!" $oan of P>10 fro) <o2o 'a1ab$e wEin one 1ear wEo intere!t an t"at to &(arantee 'a1)ent, <o1a$a e6ec(te a )ort&a&e in favor of t"e 'etitioner on t"e 'arce$ of $an in /(e!tion? :ence, a$t"o(&" t"e ee wa! e6ec(te in t"e for) of a 'acto e retro !a$e, t"e tr(e intention of t"e 'artie! wa! for it to be a )ere )ort&a&e to !ec(re 'a1)ent? <o1a$a f(rt"er c$ai)e t"at "e an "i! wife atte)'te to 'a1 t"e ebt b(t 'etitioner ref(!e to receive t"e !() an cance$ t"e )ort&a&e? 71 wa1 of co(nterc$ai), <o1a$a 'ra1e t"at 'etitioner receive t"e P>10 an t"at t"e oc()ent of )ort&a&e be ec$are !o, an not a 'acto e retro !a$e? :e f(rt"er 'ra1e for P1>00 'er ann() (nti$ t"e fina$ ter)ination of t"e ca!e for t"e fr(it! of !ai 'ro'ert1 an in t"e ca!e t"at t"e in!tr()ent be ee)e a tr(e 'acto e retro !a$e, t"at 'etitioner be or ere to e6ec(te a ee of re!a$e in favor of re!'on ent! in accor ance wit" A1808CC? -Co(n!e$ for <o1a$a fi$e a )anife!tation infor)in& t"e #C t"at t"e na)e efen ant, Antonina, "a ie , 'ro)'tin& t"e #C to i!!(e an or er re/(irin& co(n!e$ for t"e '$aintiff to !(b)it an a)en e Co)'$aint !(b!tit(tin& Antonina wit" one of "er !(cce!!or! in intere!t a! 'art1 efen ant!? <o1a$a fi$e a )otion to i!)i!! t"e 'etition on t"e &ro(n t"at notwit"!tan in& t"e $a'!e of 4. a1! after a''e$$ant0! recei't of a co'1 of t"e !ai #C or er, !ai a''e$$ant fai$e an ne&$ecte to !(b)it t"e a)en e co)'$aint re/(ire of "i)? A''e$$ant o''o!e t"e )otion b(t t"e #C i!)i!!e t"e co)'$aint? -A''e$$ee fi$e a )otion to ec$are a''e$$ant in efa($t in re!'ect of !ai a''e$$ee0! co(nterc$ai), w"ic" wa! &rante b1 t"e #C, w"ic" f(rt"er re/(ire <o1a$a to !(b)it "i! evi ence before t"e C$erA of Co(rt? #C ren ere favorab$e 2( &)ent on a''e$$ee0! co(nterc$ai), ec$arin& t"e 3ee of Pacto e Retro Sa$e an e/(itab$e )ort&a&e an

JUD/MENT ON THE PLEADIN/S PRE-TRIAL JONATHAN LANDOIL INTERNATIONAL CO. V. MAN/UDADATU BB SCRA BB PAN/ANIBAN, A,+,# =5, 8BB9
NATURE Petition for Review (n er R($e 45 FACTS -S'o(!e! S("arto an Miria) San&Ai Man&( a at( 4Re!'on ent5 fi$e wit" t"e R#C of #ac(ron& Cit1, S($tan U( arat, a Co)'$aint for a)a&e! a&ain!t ,onat"an Lan oi$ Internationa$ Co?, Inc? 4*,LI* -Petitioner5? Partie! !(b)itte t"eir re!'ective Pretria$ 7rief!? -#ria$ 'rocee e wit"o(t t"e 'artici'ation of 'etitioner, w"o!e ab!ence (rin& t"e 'retria$ "a $e t"e tria$ co(rt to ec$are it in efa($t? Petitioner receive a co'1 of t"e R#C0! 3eci!ion? It fi$e an O)nib(! Motion for ;ew #ria$ an C"an&e of %en(e? #"i! Motion wa! ee)e !(b)itte for re!o$(tion b(t wa! event(a$$1 enie b1 t"e tria$ co(rt in an Or er? Petitioner receive a co'1 of a =rit of E6ec(tion? A$$e&in& t"at it "a 1et to receive a co'1 of an Or er re!o$vin& t"e O)nib(! Motion for ;ew #ria$, 'etitioner fi$e a Motion to H(a!"EReca$$ =rit of E6ec(tion? It! co(n!e$! -- Att1!? ,ai)e L? Mario ,r? an 3io!coro <? Pe$i&ro -- !(b)itte !e'arate wit" rawa$! of a''earance? On t"e !a)e ate, t"e $aw fir) On& Aba Santo! N Mene!e! fi$e an Entr1 of A''earance wit" S(''$e)ent to Motion to H(a!"EReca$$ =rit of E6ec(tion? #o it! S(''$e)ent, 'etitioner attac"e t"e Affi avit! of Att1!? Mario an Pe$i&ro atte!tin& t"at t"e1 "a not 1et receive a co'1 of t"e Or er re!o$vin& t"e O)nib(! Motion for ;ew #ria$? On t"e !a)e a1, ,an(ar1 9, 2002, 'etitioner receive a S"eriff0! ;otice re&ar in& t"e '(b$ic a(ction !a$e of it! 'ro'ertie!? 71 rea!on of t"e i))e iate t"reat to i)'$e)ent t"e =rit of E6ec(tion, it fi$e wit" t"e CA a Petition for Pro"ibition !eeAin& to en2oin t"e enforce)ent of t"e =rit (nti$ t"e

>8 re!o$(tion of t"e Motion to H(a!"? R#C i!!(e an Or er irectin& re!'on ent! to fi$e t"eir written co))ent on t"e Motion to H(a!" an !c"e ($e t"e "earin& t"ereon for +ebr(ar1 1, 2002? Petitioner receive a co'1 of re!'on ent!0 %i&oro(! O''o!ition 4Re@ Motion to H(a!"EReca$$ =rit of E6ec(tion, an it! S(''$e)ent5 ate ,an(ar1 18, 2001? Attac"e to t"i! '$ea in& were two !e'arate Certification! !(''o!e $1 i!!(e b1 t"e 'o!t)a!ter of #ac(ron& Cit1, affir)in& t"at t"e Or er en1in& t"e Motion for ;ew #ria$ "a been receive b1 'etitioner0! two 'revio(! co(n!e$! of recor ? #"e Certification 'ertainin& to Att1? Pe$i&ro a$$e&e t"at a certain Mic"e$$e %i/(ira "a receive a co'1 of t"e Or er inten e for "i)? #"e Certification a! re&ar ! Att1? Mario !tate t"at "e "a 'er!ona$$1 receive "i! co'1 on 3ece)ber 21, 2001? -Petitioner 'er!ona$$1 !erve co(n!e$ for re!'on ent! a ;otice to #aAe 3e'o!ition I'on Ora$ E6a)ination of Att1!? Mario an Pe$i&ro? #"e 3e'o!ition wa! inten e to 'rove t"at 'etitioner "a not receive a co'1 of t"e Or er en1in& t"e O)nib(! Motion for ;ew #ria$? At -@.0 a?)? on ,an(ar1 2>, 2002, t"e e'o!ition-taAin& 'rocee e a! !c"e ($e -- at t"e 7(!ine!! Center Conference Roo) of t"e Man arin Orienta$ :ote$ in MaAati Cit1 -- before Att1? Ana Pera$ta;aBareno, a notar1 '(b$ic actin& a! e'o!ition officer? At 12@00 noon of t"e !a)e a1, re!'on ent! !ent 'etitioner a fa6 )e!!a&e via ,RS E6're!!, a vi!in& it t"at t"e1 "a fi$e a Motion to StriAe Off fro) t"e recor ! t"e ;otice to #aAe 3e'o!ition; an a!Ain& it not to 'rocee (nti$ t"e R#C wo($ "ave re!o$ve t"e Motion, a co'1 of w"ic" it event(a$$1 receive $ater in t"e a1, at .@10 '?)? On ,an(ar1 2-, 2002, !e'arate ;otice! were !ent b1 Att1? ;aBareno to Att1!? Mario an Pe$i&ro, a! witne!!e!, for t"e) to e6a)ine t"e tran!cri't of t"eir te!ti)onie!? On t"e !a)e ate, Att1? ;aBareno fi$e via re&i!tere )ai$ a S(b)i!!ion to t"e R#C attac"in& 415 a Certification t"at t"e witne!!e! "a been 're!ent an ($1 !worn to b1 "er; 425 a tran!cri't bearin& t"eir !i&nat(re!, atte!tin& t"at it wa! a tr(e recor of t"eir te!ti)onie!; 4.5 a co'1 of t"e ;otice to #aAe 3e'o!ition e$ivere to "er; an 445 a co'1 of t"e ;otice !i&ne b1 re!'on ent!0 co(n!e$? :earin& on t"e Motion to H(a!", 'etitioner !(b)itte it! 415 +or)a$ Offer of E6"ibit!, to&et"er wit" t"e oc()entar1 e6"ibit! )arAe (rin& t"e e'o!ition-taAin&; 425 Re'$1 to re!'on ent!0 %i&oro(! O''o!ition to t"e Motion to H(a!"; an 4.5 O''o!ition a Ca(te$a) to re!'on ent!0 Motion to StriAe Off t"e ;otice to #aAe 3e'o!ition? Meanw"i$e CA i!!(e a Re!o$(tion en1in& t"e Petition for Pro"ibition? Petitioner receive a co'1 of t"e R#C0! Re!o$(tion ate +ebr(ar1 21, 2002, en1in& t"e Motion to H(a!", it receive a co'1 of re!'on ent!0 Motion to Set A(ction Sa$e of 3efen ant0! Levie Pro'ertie!? Petitioner fi$e wit" t"e CA a Petition for Certiorari an Pro"ibition, !eeAin& to "o$ in abe1ance t"e +ebr(ar1 21, 2002 R#C Re!o$(tion an t"e 3ece)ber 4, 2001 =rit of E6ec(tion? Petitioner a$$e&e t"at !ince it "a not receive t"e Or er en1in& it! Motion for ;ew #ria$, t"e 'erio to a''ea$ "a not 1et $a'!e ?V..W It t"(! conc$( e t"at t"e 2( &)ent, not bein& fina$, co($ not be t"e !(b2ect of a writ of e6ec(tion? R($in& of t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! ^ It r($e t"at 'etitioner co($ no $on&er avai$ it!e$f of a e'o!ition (n er R($e 2. of R($e! of Co(rt, !ince tria$ "a a$rea 1 been ter)inate ? #"e a''e$$ate co(rt a$!o o'ine t"at t"e a$$e&e error co))itte b1 t"e tria$ co(rt -- w"en t"e $atter i!re&ar e two witne!!e!0 ora$ e'o!ition! -- wa! an error of 2( &)ent not reviewab$e b1 certiorari or 'ro"ibition? +ina$$1, it r($e t"at between t"e enia$ of a $aw1er an t"e certification of a 'o!t)a!ter, t"e $atter wo($ 'revai$? ISSUES 415 w"et"er 'etitioner receive t"e Or er en1in& it! ti)e$1 fi$e Motion for ;ew #ria$; 425 w"et"er t"e taAin& of ora$ e'o!ition! wa! 'ro'er (n er t"e circ()!tance!? HELD =. N!? It i! rea i$1 a''arent t"at 'etitioner i! rai!in& fact(a$ i!!(e! t"at t"i! Co(rt oe! not review? A )otion for new tria$ )a1 be fi$e on t"e &ro(n ! of 415 fra( , acci ent, )i!taAe or e6c(!ab$e ne&$i&ence t"at co($ not "ave been &(ar e a&ain!t b1 or inar1 'r( ence, an b1 rea!on of w"ic" t"e a&&rieve 'art10! ri&"t! "ave 'robab$1 been i)'aire ; or 425 new$1 i!covere evi ence t"at, wit" rea!onab$e i$i&ence, t"e a&&rieve 'art1 co($ not "ave i!covere an 'ro (ce at t"e tria$; an t"at, if 're!ente , wo($ 'robab$1 a$ter t"e re!($t? In it! O)nib(! Motion for ;ew #ria$, 'etitioner ar&(e t"at it! co(n!e$ Att1? Mario wa! !icA, a fact t"at a$$e&e $1 con!tit(te e6c(!ab$e ne&$i&ence for "i! fai$(re to a''ear at t"e A(&(!t >, 2000 'retria$? =it" re&ar to Att1? Ro&e$io +ernan eB, t"e co$$aboratin& co(n!e$, it a$$e&e t"at t"e 7oar of 3irector! "a ter)inate "i! $e&a$ !ervice! on A(&(!t 4, 2000? -#"e!e &ro(n ! re$ie ('on b1 'etitioner cannot 'ro'er$1 !ec(re a new tria$? Co(n!e$! are not t"e on$1 one! re/(ire to atten t"e 'retria$? #"e a''earance of t"e '$aintiff an t"e efen ant i! a$!o )an ator1? #"e 'ertinent r($e !tate!@ Section 4? A''earance of 'artie!? -- It !"a$$ be t"e (t1 of t"e 'artie! an t"eir co(n!e$ to a''ear at t"e 're-tria$? #"e non-a''earance of a 'art1 )a1 be e6c(!e on$1 if a va$i ca(!e i! !"own t"erefore or if a re're!entative !"a$$ a''ear in "i! be"a$f f($$1 a(t"oriBe in writin& to enter into an a)icab$e !ett$e)ent, to !(b)it to a$ternative )o e! of i!'(te re!o$(tion, an to enter into !ti'($ation! or a )i!!ion! of fact! an of oc()ent!? -#"e rationa$e for t"i! re/(ire)ent of co)'e$$in& t"e 'artie! to a''ear 'er!ona$$1 before t"e co(rt i! to e6"a(!t t"e 'o!!ibi$it1 of reac"in& a co)'ro)i!e? ="i$e notice of t"e 'retria$ i! !erve on co(n!e$!, it i! t"eir (t1 to notif1 t"e 'art1 t"e1 re're!ent? #"e e6'$anation offere b1 'etitioner a! re&ar ! t"e ab!ence of it! co(n!e$ fro) t"e 'retria$ i! t"erefore (nacce'tab$e? It !"o($ "ave a$!o 2(!tifie it! own ab!ence t"erefro)? :avin& fai$e to o !o, it "a no va$i &ro(n to re/(e!t a new tria$? Petitioner a$!o fai$e to 2(!tif1 t"e ab!ence of bot" it! co(n!e$!? Inti$ t"eir for)a$ wit" rawa$ i! &rante , $aw1er! are ee)e to be t"e re're!entative! of t"eir c$ient!? Att1? +ernan eB )a1 "ave been notifie of t"e ter)ination of "i! !ervice! on A(&(!t 9, 2004? 7(t a! far a! t"e tria$ co(rt wa! concerne , "e contin(e to be 'etitioner0! co(n!e$ of recor , !ince no wit" rawa$ of a''earance "a 1et been &rante ? :ence, "i! ab!ence fro) t"e 'retria$ wa! !ti$$ not e6c(!ab$e? ="i$e "e co($ no $on&er re're!ent 'etitioner, "i! 're!ence wo($ "ave affor e "i) an o''ort(nit1 to )aAe a for)a$ wit" rawa$ of a''earance? An i)'rovi ent ter)ination of $e&a$ !ervice! i! not an e6c(!e to 2(!tif1 non-a''earance at a 'retria$? Ot"erwi!e, t"e r($e! of 'roce (re wo($ be ren ere )eanin&$e!!, a! t"e1 wo($ be !(b2ect to t"e co(n!e$0! wi$$? -#"e Pro'er Re)e 1 (n er t"e new R($e!, t"e con!e/(ence of nona''earance wit"o(t ca(!e at t"e 'retria$ i! not for t"e 'etitioner to be con!i ere *a! in efa($t,* b(t *to a$$ow t"e '$aintiff to 're!ent evi ence e6 'arte an VforW t"e co(rt to ren er 2( &)ent on t"e ba!i! t"ereof?* #"i! 'roce (re wa! fo$$owe in t"e in!tant ca!e? #o t"e tria$ co(rt0! or er a$$owin& t"e e6 'arte 're!entation of evi ence b1 t"e '$aintiff, t"e efen ant0! re)e 1 i! a )otion for recon!i eration? An affi avit of )erit i! not re/(ire to be attac"e to !(c" )otion, beca(!e t"e efen!e "a! a$rea 1 been $ai own in t"e an!wer? Libera$it1 i! t"e r($e in con!i erin& a )otion for recon!i eration? It i! be!t for t"e tria$ co(rt to &ive bot" t"e '$aintiff an t"e efen ant a c"ance to $iti&ate t"eir ca(!e! fair$1 an o'en$1, wit"o(t re!ort to tec"nica$it1? In$e!! t"e reo'enin& of t"e ca!e i! c$ear$1 inten e for e$a1, co(rt! !"o($ be $ibera$ in !ettin& a!i e or er! barrin& efen ant! fro) 're!entin& evi ence? ,( &)ent! ba!e on an e6 'arte 're!entation of evi ence are &enera$$1 frowne ('on? In t"e 're!ent ca!e, 'etitioner i not fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration after t"e tria$ co(rt "a a$$owe re!'on ent!0 e6 'arte 're!entation of evi ence? #"e R($e! of Co(rt oe! not 'ro"ibit t"e fi$in& of a )otion for a new tria$ e!'ite t"e avai$abi$it1 of a )otion for recon!i eration? 7(t t"e fai$(re to fi$e t"e $atter )otion -- wit"o(t (e ca(!e -- i! a factor in eter)inin& w"et"er to a''$1 t"e $ibera$it1 r($e in $iftin& an or er t"at a$$owe t"e e6 'arte 're!entation of evi ence? In it! )otion! an 'etition! fi$e wit" t"i! Co(rt an t"e $ower co(rt!, 'etitioner i not e6'$ain w"1 it "a fai$e to fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration? #"e $a'!e of ti)e -- fro) t"e A(&(!t >, 2000 'retria$ to t"e Se'te)ber 5, 2000 e6 'arte 're!entation of evi ence, an (nti$ t"e ,(ne 1-, 2001 'ro)($&ation of t"e 3eci!ion-- !"ow! t"e ne&$i&ence of 'etitioner an it! co(n!e$!? Prior to t"e tria$ co(rt0! re!o$(tion of t"e ca!e, it "a a)'$e o''ort(nit1 to c"a$$en&e t"e Or er a$$owin& t"e e6 'arte 're!entation of evi ence? #oo $ate wa! t"e c"a$$en&e t"at it )a e after t"e 3eci!ion "a a$rea 1 been ren ere ? -In a ition to t"e fore&oin& fact!, 'etitioner fai$! to convince (! t"at it "a! not receive t"e tria$ co(rt0! Or er en1in& it! Motion for ;ew #ria$? #"ere i! a i!'(tab$e 're!()'tion t"at officia$ (tie! "ave been re&($ar$1 'erfor)e ? On t"i! ba!i!, we "ave r($e t"at t"e 'o!t)a!ter0! certification 'revai$! over t"e )ere enia$ of a $aw1er? #"i! r($e i! a''$icab$e "ere? Petitioner "a! fai$e to e!tab$i!" it! non-

>9 recei't of t"e tria$ co(rt0! Or er en1in& it! Motion for ;ew #ria$? #"i! Co(rt note! t"e tria$ co(rt0! fin in& t"at 'etitioner receive a co'1 of re!'on ent!0 Se'te)ber 24, 2001 Motion for E6ec(tion an ;ove)ber 21, 2001 Motion for Ear$1 Re!o$(tion, a! we$$ a! t"e tria$ co(rt0! Se'te)ber 2>, 2001 Or er !(b)ittin& t"e Motion for E6ec(tion for re!o$(tion? <iven t"e!e (nreb(tte fact!, it i! (nbe$ievab$e t"at 'etitioner i not Anow t"at a r($in& on t"e Motion for ;ew #ria$ "a a$rea 1 been i!!(e ? At t"e ver1 $ea!t, t"e Motion! fi$e b1 re!'on ent! !"o($ "ave a$erte it of !(c" i!!(ance? Ot"erwi!e, it co($ "ave o''o!e t"eir Motion for E6ec(tion b1 re/(e!tin& t"e R#C to re!o$ve t"e Motion for ;ew #ria$; or t"e tria$ co(rt co($ "ave been infor)e b1 'etitioner of t"e $atter0! non-recei't of t"e Or er re!o$vin& re!'on ent!0 Motion? 8. N!. A e'o!ition )a1 be taAen wit" $eave of co(rt after 2(ri! iction "a! been obtaine over an1 efen ant or over 'ro'ert1 t"at i! t"e !(b2ect of t"e action; or, wit"o(t !(c" $eave, after an an!wer "a! been !erve ? 3e'o!ition i! c"ief$1 a )o e of i!cover1, t"e 'ri)ar1 f(nction of w"ic" i! to !(''$e)ent t"e '$ea in&! for t"e '(r'o!e of i!c$o!in& t"e rea$ 'oint! of i!'(te between t"e 'artie! an affor in& an a e/(ate fact(a$ ba!i! (rin& t"e 're'aration for tria$? #"e $ibert1 of a 'art1 to avai$ it!e$f of t"i! 'roce (re, a! an attrib(te of i!cover1, i! *we$$-ni&" (nre!tricte if t"e )atter! in/(ire into are ot"erwi!e re$evant an not 'rivi$e&e , an t"e in/(ir1 i! )a e in &oo fait" an wit"in t"e bo(n ! of t"e $aw?* Li)itation! wo($ ari!e, t"o(&", if t"e e6a)ination i! con (cte in ba fait"; or in !(c" a )anner a! to anno1, e)barra!!, or o''re!! t"e 'er!on w"o i! t"e !(b2ect of t"e in/(ir1; or w"en t"e in/(ir1 to(c"e! ('on t"e irre$evant or encroac"e! ('on t"e reco&niBe o)ain! of 'rivi$e&e? A! a )o e of i!cover1 re!orte to before tria$, e'o!ition "a! a vanta&e!, a! fo$$ow!@ -1? It i! of &reat a!!i!tance in a!certainin& t"e tr(t" an in c"ecAin& an 'reventin& 'er2(r1? 6 6 6 2? It i! an effective )ean! of etectin& an e6'o!in& fa$!e, fra( ($ent, an !"a) c$ai)! an efen!e!? .? It )aAe! avai$ab$e in a !i)'$e, convenient, an often ine6'en!ive wa1 fact! w"ic" ot"erwi!e co($ not "ave been 'rove , e6ce't wit" &reat iffic($t1 an !o)eti)e! not at a$$? 4? It e (cate! t"e 'artie! in a vance of tria$ a! to t"e rea$ va$(e of t"eir c$ai)! an efen!e!, t"ereb1 enco(ra&in& !ett$e)ent! o(t of co(rt? 5? It e6'e ite! t"e i!'o!a$ of $iti&ation, !ave! t"e ti)e of t"e co(rt!, an c$ear! t"e ocAet of )an1 ca!e! b1 !ett$e)ent! an i!)i!!a$! w"ic" ot"erwi!e wo($ "ave to be trie ? 8? It !afe&(ar ! a&ain!t !(r'ri!e at t"e tria$, 'revent! e$a1!, an narrow! an !i)'$ifie! t"e i!!(e! to be trie , t"ereb1 e6'e itin& t"e tria$? 9? It faci$itate! bot" t"e 're'aration an t"e tria$ of ca!e!? -#"e R($e! of Co(rt an 2(ri!'r( ence, "owever, o not re!trict a e'o!ition to t"e !o$e f(nction of bein& a )o e of i!cover1 before tria$? In er certain con ition! an for certain $i)ite '(r'o!e!, it )a1 be taAen even after tria$ "a! co))ence an )a1 be (!e wit"o(t t"e e'onent bein& act(a$$1 ca$$e to t"e witne!! !tan ? In 3a!)ariPa! <ar)ent! v? Re1e!, we a$$owe t"e taAin& of t"e witne!!e!0 te!ti)onie! t"ro(&" e'o!ition, in $ie( of t"eir act(a$ 're!ence at t"e tria$? #"(!, *V We'o!ition! )a1 be taAen at an1 ti)e after t"e in!tit(tion of an1 action, w"enever nece!!ar1 or convenient? #"ere i! no r($e t"at $i)it! e'o!ition-taAin& on$1 to t"e 'erio of 're-tria$ or before it; no 'ro"ibition a&ain!t t"e taAin& of e'o!ition! after 're-tria$?* #"ere can be no va$i ob2ection to a$$owin& t"e) (rin& t"e 'roce!! of e6ec(tin& fina$ an e6ec(tor1 2( &)ent!, w"en t"e )ateria$ i!!(e! of fact "ave beco)e n()ero(! or co)'$icate ? In Aee'in& wit" t"e 'rinci'$e of 'ro)otin& t"e 2(!t, !'ee 1 an ine6'en!ive i!'o!ition of ever1 action an 'rocee in&, e'o!ition! are a$$owe a! a * e'art(re fro) t"e acce'te an (!(a$ 2( icia$ 'rocee in&! of e6a)inin& witne!!e! in o'en co(rt w"ere t"eir e)eanor co($ be ob!erve b1 t"e tria$ 2( &e?* 3e'o!ition! are a$$owe , 'rovi e t"e1 are taAen in accor ance wit" t"e 'rovi!ion! of t"e R($e! of Co(rt 4t"at i!, wit" $eave of co(rt if t"e !())on! "ave been !erve , wit"o(t $eave of co(rt if an an!wer "a! been !(b)itte 5; an 'rovi e , f(rt"er, t"at a circ()!tance for t"eir a )i!!ibi$it1 e6i!t! 4Section 4, R($e 2., R($e! of Co(rt5? #"e R($e! of Co(rt ve!t! in t"e tria$ co(rt t"e i!cretion to or er w"et"er a e'o!ition )a1 be taAen or not (n er !'ecifie circ()!tance! t"at )a1 even iffer fro) t"o!e t"e 'ro'onent! "ave inten e ? :owever, it i! we$$-!ett$e t"at t"i! i!cretion i! not (n$i)ite ? It )(!t be e6erci!e -- not arbitrari$1, ca'ricio(!$1 or o''re!!ive$1 -- b(t in a rea!onab$e )anner an in con!onance wit" t"e !'irit of t"e $aw, to t"e en t"at it! '(r'o!e )a1 be attaine ? ="en a e'o!ition oe! not confor) to t"e e!!entia$ re/(ire)ent! of $aw an )a1 rea!onab$1 ca(!e )ateria$ in2(r1 to t"e a ver!e 'art1, it! taAin& !"o($ not be a$$owe ? -#"e R($e! of Co(rt 'rovi e! a e/(ate !afe&(ar ! to en!(re t"e re$iabi$it1 of e'o!ition!? #"e ri&"t to ob2ect to t"eir a )i!!ibi$it1 i! retaine b1 t"e 'artie!, for t"e !a)e rea!on! a! t"o!e for e6c$( in& evi ence if t"e witne!! were 're!ent an "a te!tifie in co(rt; an for error! an irre&($aritie! in t"e e'o!ition? A! a r($e, e'o!ition! !"o($ be a$$owe , ab!ent an1 !"owin& t"at taAin& t"e) wo($ 're2( ice an1 'art1? -3e'o!ition! )a1 be (!e for t"e tria$ or for t"e "earin& of a )otion or an inter$oc(tor1 'rocee in&, (n er t"e circ()!tance! !'ecifie "ere(n er@ Section 4? I!e of 3e'o!ition!? -- At t"e tria$ or ('on t"e "earin& of a )otion or an inter$oc(tor1 'rocee in&, an1 'art or a$$ of a e'o!ition, !o far a! a )i!!ib$e (n er t"e r($e! of evi ence, )a1 be (!e a&ain!t an1 'art1 w"o wa! 're!ent or re're!ente at t"e taAin& of t"e e'o!ition or w"o "a (e notice t"ereof, in accor ance wit" an1 one of t"e fo$$owin& 'rovi!ion!@ 4a5An1 e'o!ition )a1 be (!e b1 an1 'art1 for t"e '(r'o!e of contra ictin& or i)'eac"in& t"e te!ti)on1 of e'onent a! a witne!!; 4b5#"e e'o!ition of a 'art1 or of an1one w"o at t"e ti)e of taAin& t"e e'o!ition wa! an officer, irector, or )ana&in& a&ent of a '(b$ic or 'rivate cor'oration, 'artner!"i', or a!!ociation w"ic" i! a 'art1 )a1 be (!e b1 an a ver!e 'art1 for an1 '(r'o!e; 4c5 #"e e'o!ition of a witne!!, w"et"er or not a 'art1, )a1 be (!e b1 an1 'art1 for an1 '(r'o!e if t"e co(rt fin !@ 415 t"at t"e witne!! i! ea ; or 425 t"at t"e witne!! re!i e! at a i!tance )ore t"an one "(n re 41005 Ai$o)eter! fro) t"e '$ace of tria$ or "earin&, or i! o(t of t"e P"i$i''ine!, (n$e!! it a''ear! t"at "i! ab!ence wa! 'roc(re b1 t"e 'art1 offerin& t"e e'o!ition; or 4.5 t"at t"e witne!! i! (nab$e to atten or te!tif1 beca(!e of a&e, !icAne!!, infir)it1, or i)'ri!on)ent; or 445 t"at t"e 'art1 offerin& t"e e'o!ition "a! been (nab$e to 'roc(re t"e atten ance of t"e witne!! b1 !(b'oena; or 455 ('on a''$ication an notice, t"at !(c" e6ce'tiona$ circ()!tance! e6i!t a! to )aAe it e!irab$e, in t"e intere!t of 2(!tice an wit" (e re&ar to t"e i)'ortance of 're!entin& t"e te!ti)on1 of witne!!e! ora$$1 in o'en co(rt, to a$$ow t"e e'o!ition to be (!e ; an 4 5 If on$1 'art of a e'o!ition i! offere in evi ence b1 a 'art1, t"e a ver!e 'art1 )a1 re/(ire "i) to intro (ce a$$ of it w"ic" i! re$evant to t"e 'art intro (ce , an an1 'art1 )a1 intro (ce an1 ot"er 'art!? #"e 're!ent ca!e invo$ve a circ()!tance t"at fe$$ (n er t"e abovecite Section 44c5425 of R($e 2. -- t"e witne!!e! of 'etitioner in Metro Mani$a re!i e be1on 100 Ai$o)eter! fro) S($tan U( arat, t"e '$ace of "earin&? Petitioner offere t"e e'o!ition! in !(''ort of it! Motion to H(a!" 4t"e =rit of E6ec(tion5 an for t"e '(r'o!e of 'rovin& t"at t"e tria$ co(rt0! 3eci!ion wa! not 1et fina$? A! 'revio(!$1 e6'$aine , e!'ite t"e fact t"at tria$ "a! a$rea 1 been ter)inate , a e'o!ition can !ti$$ be 'ro'er$1 taAen? =e note, "owever, t"at t"e R#C i not tota$$1 i!re&ar 'etitioner0! e'o!ition!? In it! +ebr(ar1 21, 2001 Re!o$(tion, t"e tria$ co(rt con!i ere an wei&"e -- a&ain!t a$$ ot"er evi ence -- t"at it! Or er en1in& t"e Motion for ;ew #ria$ fi$e b1 'etitioner "a not been receive b1 t"e $atter0! co(n!e$!? 3e!'ite t"eir e'o!ition!, 'etitioner fai$e to 'rove convincin&$1 it! enia$ of recei't? Disposition. =:ERE+ORE, t"e Petition i! 3E;IE3, an t"e a!!ai$e 3eci!ion an Re!o$(tion A++IRME3? Co!t! a&ain!t 'etitioner? SO OR3ERE3?

PAREDES V VERANO <?R? ;o?184.95 #I;<A; October 12, 2008

NATURE Petition for review FACTS - A co)'$aint for t"e e!tab$i!")ent of a ri&"t of wa1 wa! fi$e at R#C Maa!in b1 Pare e!, A$a&o an 7a1ba1 4'$aintiff!-'etitioner!5 a&ain!t %erano an :in(nan&an 4 efen ant!-re!'on ent!5? It c($)inate in a 2( &)ent b1 co)'ro)i!e? In t"e Co)'ro)i!e A&ree)ent, :in(nan&an

>> &rante a 2- )eter-wi e ri&"t of wa1 in favor of Pare e! for a con!i eration of P8U? - A$$e&in& t"at 'etitioner! "a b$ocAe t"e 'a!!a&e wa1 in vio$ation of t"e Co)'ro)i!e A&ree)ent, re!'on ent! fi$e a co)'$aint for !'ecific 'erfor)ance wit" a)a&e! a&ain!t 'etitioner!? Petitioner! an!were , enie "avin& vio$ate t"e Co)'ro)i!e A&ree)ent? #"e1 a$$e&e t"at $iAe t"e), re!'on ent! were not act(a$ re!i ent! of 7r&1 #a&ni'a w"ere t"e *roa ri&"t of wa1* wa! e!tab$i!"e an t"at re!'on ent :in(nan&an "a a$rea 1 !o$ "i! on$1 re)ainin& $ot in t"e vicinit1 to 'etitioner Pare e! - Petitioner! ne6t fi$e M#3 for $acA of ca(!e of action, w"ic" wa! enie b1 R#C? Petitioner! e$evate ca!e to CA an SC b(t to no avai$? Petitioner! a!Ae ,( &e Ua'i$i to in"ibit "i)!e$f fro) t"e ca!e? #"e 2( &e enie t"e )otion - Pre-tria$ wa! initia$$1 !et an re!et an re!et a&ain? In t"e 're-tria$, 7a1ba1D! co(n!e$ )ove to re!et it to anot"er ate on acco(nt of a conf$ictin& "earin&? :owever, 'etitioner 7a1ba1, w"o i! t"e fat"er of t"e co(n!e$ for 'etitioner!, wa! 're!ent in co(rt a$on& wit" t"e ot"er efen ant!? R#C wa! infor)e of a 'ro'o!e !ett$e)ent between t"e 'artie!, a$t"o(&" re!'on ent 7a1ba1 /(a$ifie "i! reaction b1 te$$in& t"e co(rt t"at "e wo($ fir!t "ave to infor) "i! $aw1er an t"e coefen ant! of t"e !ai 'ro'o!a$? #"e R#C t"en co))ente (nfavorab$1 on t"e ab!ence of 'etitioner!D co(n!e$, e6're!!in& i!a''oint)ent towar ! "i! attit( e, even )aAin& note of t"e fact t"at not once "a t"e co(n!e$ a''eare before t"e R#C, even t"o(&" t"e ca!e "a a$rea 1 reac"e SC over t"e enia$ of M#3? R#C a&ain re!et t"e 're-tria$ ate? - 7efore t"e new 're-tria$ ate, co(n!e$ for 'etitioner! fi$e a 2anifestation of 6illingness to Settle 6ith Ae,uest for Cancellation ? A'art fro) )anife!tin& "i! wi$$in&ne!! to !ett$e t"e co)'$aint, 'etitioner!D co(n!e$ !(&&e!te to t"e o''o!in& co(n!e$ t"at "e be infor)e of t"e ter)! of t"e 'ro'o!e !ett$e)ent? So, 'etitioner!D co(n!e$ re/(e!te t"e cance$$ation of t"e 2. ,an 2004 "earin&? - 7(t t"e "earin& '(!"e t"ro(&" on 2. ,an 2004? Private re!'on ent! an t"eir co(n!e$ were 're!ent? So were 7a1ba1 an Pare e!, an coefen ant A$a&o, b(t not t"eir co(n!e$? #"e R#C a$$owe re!'on ent! to 're!ent t"eir evi ence e% parte, *for fai$(re of t"e efen ant!0 co(n!e$ to a''ear before R#C? Petitioner! fi$e M+R, b(t wa! enie - So, 'etitioner! fi$e a 'etition for certiorari wit" CA? CA i!)i!!e it for fai$(re to attac" ('$icate ori&ina$ co'ie! of t"e anne6e! to t"e 'etition ot"er t"an t"e R#C Or er! an for fai$(re to !(b)it !(c" ot"er '$ea in&! re$evant an 'ertinent to t"e 'etition? Petitioner! fi$e M+R wit" Motion to A )it A itiona$ E6"ibit!, a vertin& to t"e oc()ent! 'revio(!$1 )i!!in& fro) t"e 'etition b(t attac"e to t"e )otion? - M+R i!)i!!e ? CA re!o$ve on t"e )erit!, r($in& t"at (n er Sec 5, R($e 1> ROC, it i! t"e fai$(re of t"e efen ant, an not efen antD! co(n!e$, to a''ear at t"e 're-tria$ t"at wo($ !erve ca(!e to a$$ow '$aintiff to 're!ent evi ence e% parte? CA note t"at 7a1ba1 "a )a e it c$ear t"at "e wo($ never enter into an1 a)icab$e !ett$e)ent wit"o(t t"e a vice of "i! co(n!e$? - CA cite Sps. Ampelo,uio# Sr. v. CA w"ere t"e Co(rt "e$ t"at if ever1 error co))itte b1 R#C were to be a 'ro'er ob2ect of review b1 certiorari, t"en tria$ wo($ never co)e to an en an t"e a''e$$ate co(rt ocAet! wo($ be c$o&&e wit" 'etition! c"a$$en&in& ever1 inter$oc(tor1 or er of t"e #C? It conc$( e t"at t"e act! of ,( &e Ua'i$i i not con!tit(te &rave ab(!e of i!cretion e/(iva$ent to $acA of 2(ri! iction? ISSUE =O; t"e ab!ence of t"e co(n!e$ for efen ant! at t"e 're-tria$, wit" a$$ efen ant! t"e)!e$ve! 're!ent, i! a &ro(n to ec$are efen ant! in efa($t an to a(t"oriBe '$aintiff! to 're!ent evi ence e% parte? HELD ;O Ratio #"e ab!ence of co(n!e$ for efen ant! at 're-tria$ oe! not ipso facto a(t"oriBe t"e 2( &e to ec$are t"e efen ant a! in efa($t an or er t"e 're!entation of evi ence e% parte? It bear! !tre!!in& t"at not"in& in t"e R($e! of Co(rt !anction! t"e 're!entation of evi ence e% parte ('on in!tance! w"en co(n!e$ for efen ant i! ab!ent (rin& 'retria$? #"e R($e! o not co(ntenance !trin&ent con!tr(ction at t"e e6'en!e of 2(!tice an e/(it1 Reasoning - #"e or er of R#C a$$owin& re!'on ent! to 're!ent evi ence e% parte wa! (n o(bte $1 to t"e etri)ent of 'etitioner!? Since t"e R#C wo($ on$1 con!i er t"e evi ence 're!ente b1 re!'on ent!, an not t"at of 'etitioner!, t"e or er !triAe! at t"e "eart of t"e ca!e, i!a$$owin& a! it oe! an1 )eanin&f($ efen!e 'etitioner! co($ "ave 'o!e ? A 2( &)ent of efa($t a&ain!t a efen ant w"o fai$e to atten 're-tria$, or even an1 efen ant w"o fai$e to fi$e an an!wer, i)'$ie! a waiver on$1 of t"eir ri&"t to be "ear an to 're!ent evi ence to !(''ort t"eir a$$e&ation! b(t not a$$ t"eir ot"er ri&"t!? - ;ot"in& in t"e ROC a(t"oriBe! a tria$ 2( &e to a$$ow t"e '$aintiff to 're!ent evi ence e% parte on acco(nt of t"e ab!ence (rin& 're-tria$ of t"e co(n!e$ for efen ant? In R($e 1>, Sect? 4 i)'o!e! t"e (t1 on $iti&atin& 'artie! an t"eir re!'ective co(n!e$ (rin& 're-tria$? #"e 'rovi!ion a$!o 'rovi e! for t"e in!tance! w"ere t"e non-a''earance of a 'art1 )a1 be e6c(!e ? ;ot"in&, "owever, in Sec? 4 'rovi e! for a !anction !"o($ t"e 'artie! or t"eir re!'ective co(n!e$ be ab!ent (rin& 're-tria$? In!tea , t"e 'ena$t1 i! 'rovi e for in Sec? 5? ;otab$1, w"at Section 5 'ena$iBe! i! t"e fai$(re to a''ear of eit"er t"e '$aintiff or t"e efen ant, an not t"eir re!'ective co(n!e$? -#"e Co(rt a$!o cite ca!e! an i!c(!!e w"1 a$t"o(&" t"e1 "ave !i)i$ar fact! are ina''$icab$e or o not con!tit(te a 'rece ent to t"e in!tant ca!e? #"e!e ca!e! are@ BCP@ v. 2agpa!# *onathan -andoil 4nternational Co. v. 2angudadat# SSS v. Chaves# Africa v. 4AC. =See original> - 3(e 'roce!! ictate! t"at 'etitioner! be e'rive of t"eir ri&"t to be "ear an to 're!ent evi ence to !(''ort t"eir a$$e&ation! if, an on$1 if, t"ere e6i!t! !(fficient ba!i! in fact an in $aw to o !o? #"ere bein& a )anife!t $acA of !(c" ba!i! in t"i! ca!e, 'etitioner! wo($ be (n2(!t$1 enie of t"e o''ort(nit1 to f($$1 efen t"e)!e$ve! !"o($ t"e Co(rt affir) t"e /(e!tione or er! w"ic" were evi ent$1 i!!(e b1 t"e R#C wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion? #"e better an certain$1 )ore 'r( ent co(r!e of action in ever1 2( icia$ 'rocee in& i! to "ear bot" !i e! an eci e on t"e )erit! rat"er t"an i!'o!e of a ca!e on tec"nica$itie! - ="i$e co(n!e$ i! !o)ew"at to b$a)e for "i! non-atten ance at 'retria$, inci enta$$1 t"e o'erative act w"ic" &ave birt" to t"e controver!1 at bar, it wo($ be )o!t (nfair to 'ena$iBe 'etitioner! for w"at )a1 be t"e eficienc1 of t"eir $aw1er w"en t"e con!e/(ent 'ena$t1 "a! no ba!i! in $aw? Disposition Petition i! &rante ? R#C an CA r($in&! rever!e ?

COURSE OF TRIAL =. "i%* p"!pe" 8. 7in)# !& "i%* %. c!n#!*i)% e)0 #ep%"% e "i%* SPS. YU V MA/NO CONSTRUCTION /.R. N!. =1:2B=-B8 /ARCIA< Oc !6e" =2, 8BB5
NATURE Petition for review on certiorari FACTS - #"e !'o(!e! Ro/(e C(, Sr? an A!(ncion C( are t"e contro$$in& !tocA"o$ er! of Le1te L()ber? 3(rin& "i! $ifeti)e, En&r? 7a!i$io <? Ma&no entere into a verba$ a&ree)ent wit" Le1te L()ber t"ro(&" Ro/(e C(, Sr?, w"ereb1 t"e $atter a&ree to !(''$1 Ma&no wit" b(i$ in& )ateria$! "e )a1 nee in "i! con!tr(ction b(!ine!!? #"e !(cce!! of Ma&noD! b(!ine!! &ave birt" to t"e 7a!i$io <? Ma&no Con!tr(ction an 3eve$o')ent Enter'ri!e!, Inc? - Owin& to t"i! fr(itf($ re$ation!"i', t"e two 4Ro/(e C(, Sr? an Ma&no5 entere into a 2oint vent(re, t"e <reat Pacific Con!tr(ction Co)'an1 4<REPAC5, wit" C( a! Pre!i ent an Ma&no a! %ice Pre!i ent? #"e re$ation!"i' between C( an Ma&no be&an in 1-95 an contin(e (nti$ Ma&noD! eat" on A(&(!t 21, 1-9>? - On ,an(ar1 .0, 1-9-, in t"e R#C of #ac$oban Cit1, t"e 'etitioner! in!tit(te two !e'arate co)'$aint! for !()! of )one1 wit" a)a&e! an 're$i)inar1 attac")ent a&ain!t t"e re!'on ent!? One wa! Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5>22, raff$e to 7ranc" > of t"e co(rt, in!tit(te b1 Le1te L()ber a&ain!t 7< Ma&no an t"e E!tate of 7a!i$io Ma&no, to co$$ect on t"e 'rinci'a$ a)o(nt of P1,290,1.4?>9 for con!tr(ction )ateria$! c$ai)e to "ave been obtaine on cre it b1 7< Ma&no, an t"e ot"er wa! Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5>2., raff$e to 7ranc" 8, fi$e b1 t"e C( !'o(!e! a&ain!t 7< Ma&no an t"e E!tate of 7a!i$io Ma&no, to co$$ect ('on $oan! an a vance! 4P.,595,000?005 a$$e&e $1 )a e b1 t"e !'o(!e! to 7< Ma&no?

>- On ,(ne 19, 1--. t"e co(rt ren ere it! eci!ion i favor of t"e efen ant on bot" ca!e!? #"e two !e'arate eci!ion! of even ate were 'enne b1 ,( &e <et($io M? +ranci!co, t"e 're!i in& 2( &e of 7ranc" 8 to w"ic" on$1 Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5>2. wa! raff$e ? #"e 'artie! i not )ove for a recon!i eration of t"e two eci!ion! nor i t"e1 ca$$ t"e attention of ,( &e +ranci!co on t"e ab!ence of an or er for con!o$i ation of t"e two ca!e!? In!tea , t"e1 irect$1 inter'o!e t"eir re!'ective a''ea$! to t"e CA? - In t"e CA, t"e two ca!e! on a''ea$ were con!o$i ate ? In Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5>22, t"e a''ea$e eci!ion i! MO3I+IE3 b1 ec$arin& t"at efen ant 7?<? Ma&no Con!tr(ction an 3eve$o')ent Enter'ri!e!, Inc?, )a e an over'a1)ent in t"e a)o(nt of P8.1,2.5?81, in!tea of P820,2.-?81 an or erin& '$aintiff to ret(rn !ai a)o(nt to efen ant, wit" intere!t of 12J 'er ann() fro) 'ro)($&ation "ereof (nti$ f($$1 'ai , an b1 3ELE#I;< t"e awar of e6e)'$ar1 a)a&e! in t"e !() of P200,000?00 in favor of efen an? In Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5>2., t"e a''ea$e eci!ion i! RE%ERSE3 an SE# ASI3E? Accor in&$1, efen ant 7?<? Ma&no Con!tr(ction an 3eve$o')ent Enter'ri!e!, Inc? i! or ere to 'a1 '$aintiff! t"e !() of P825,000?00, wit" 12J intere!t 'er ann() fro) 'ro)($&ation "ereof (nti$ f($$1 'ai , an t"e f(rt"er !() of P50,000?00 b1 wa1 of attorne1D! fee!, '$(! co!t! of !(it? ISSUE =O; 7ranc" 8 "a 2(ri! iction to eci e Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5>22 'en in& in 7ranc" > in t"e ab!ence of a )otion or or er of con!o$i ation of t"e two ca!e! HELD CES - #"ere wa! not"in& irre&($ar in t"e 'roce (re taAen? #"e recor ! !"ow t"at t"ere a''ear! to "ave been a 'revio(! a&ree)ent to eit"er tran!fer or con!o$i ate t"e two ca!e! for eci!ion b1 t"e 're!i in& 2( &e of 7ranc" 8? - In ee , w"en t"e re!'on ent! fi$e a Motion to Lift, 3i!!o$ve an H(a!" t"e =rit! of Attac")ent wit" 7ranc" 8 on ,an(ar1 20, 1--., t"e ca'tion t"ereof in icate t"e ocAet n()ber! of bot" ca!e!? LiAewi!e, on October 2-, 1--., w"en t"e 'etitioner!D new co(n!e$ entere "i! +or)a$ A''earance, in t"e ca'tion t"ereof wa! a$!o written t"e ocAet n()ber! of bot" ca!e!? Petitioner!D 'revio(! co(n!e$ of $on&!tan in& 4w"o!e re're!entation ate! bacA to t"e fi$in& of t"e two co)'$aint! in 1-9-5 fi$e "i! Motion to =it" raw a! Co(n!e$ on October .0, 1--., an t"e ca'tion t"ereof !i)i$ar$1 in icate t"e ocAet n()ber! of bot" ca!e!? S(b!e/(ent or er! of t"e co(rt w"ic" e)anate fro) 7ranc" 8 a$!o bear, in t"e ca'tion t"ereof, t"e tit$e! an ocAet n()ber! of bot" ca!e!? In ot"er wor !, a! ear$1 a! !i6 )ont"! 'rior to t"e 'ro)($&ation of ,( &e +ranci!co0! eci!ion! in t"e two ca!e!, t"ere a''ear! to "ave been a tran!fer or con!o$i ation of !ai ca!e! in 7ranc" 8 an t"e 'artie! Anew of it, a$beit t"e act(a$ ate w"en t"e two ca!e! were con!o$i ate or tran!ferre oe! not a''ear on recor ? ;onet"e$e!!, t"e fact re)ain! t"at no o''o!ition or ob2ection in an1 )anner wa! re&i!tere b1 eit"er of t"e 'artie! to t"e !a)e, t"ereb1 evincin& t"eir con!ent t"ereto? It i!, t"erefore, a$rea 1 too $ate in t"e a1 for t"e 'etitioner! to /(e!tion t"e co)'etence of ,( &e +ranci!co to ren er t"e !e'arate eci!ion! in t"e two ca!e!? Petitioner! )a1 not now /(e!tion t"e tran!fer or con!o$i ation of t"e two ca!e! on a''ea$, for t"e1 Anew of it an i not /(e!tion t"e !a)e in t"e co(rt be$ow? #"e1 )a1 not now )aAe a tota$ t(rn-aro(n an a o't a contrar1 !tance; )ore !o w"en t"e 2( &)ent i!!(e i! a ver!e to t"eir ca(!e? - #"e ne6t $o&ica$ /(e!tion! are@ I! t"e con!o$i ation of t"e two ca!e! 4Civi$ Ca!e ;o!? 5>22 an 5>2.5 a 'roce (ra$ !te' w"ic" t"e co(rt a /(o co($ "ave 'ro'er$1 taAenQ I! it a re)e 1 avai$ab$e wit"in t"e conte6t of t"e !(rro(n in& circ()!tance!Q =e an!wer bot" /(e!tion! in t"e affir)ative? #"e two ca!e! were fi$e 2(!t a few )ont"! a'art; t"e1 invo$ve !i)'$e ca!e! of co$$ection of !()! of )one1 between i entica$ 'artie! an no ot"er; t"e re!'on ent! 4a! efen ant! t"erein5 c$ai), in bot" ca!e!, e!!entia$$1 t"e !a)e efen!e, w"ic" i! over'a1)ent; t"e1 cover t"e !a)e 'erio of tran!actin& contin(o(! b(!ine!! t"at !'an! fo(r 1ear!; t"e1 re$ate to !i)'$e i!!(e! of fact t"at are inti)ate$1 re$ate to eac" ot"er; t"e1 entai$e t"e 're!entation of 'ractica$$1 i entica$ evi ence an witne!!e!; in fact, a broa 'art of t"e evi ence an te!ti)onie! in one ca!e wa! tota$$1 a o'te or re'ro (ce in t"e ot"er b1 eit"er or bot" 'artie!? An t"e tria$ co(rt, bein& )($ti-!a$a co(rt!, it! 7ranc"e! 8 an > 'o!!e!!e 2(ri! iction to tr1 eit"er or bot" ca!e! on t"eir own? - A co(rt )a1 or er !evera$ action! 'en in& before it to be trie to&et"er w"ere t"e1 ari!e fro) t"e !a)e act, event or tran!action, invo$ve t"e !a)e or $iAe i!!(e!, an e'en $ar&e$1 or !(b!tantia$$1 on t"e !a)e evi ence, 'rovi e t"at t"e co(rt "a! 2(ri! iction over t"e ca!e to be con!o$i ate an t"at a 2oint tria$ wi$$ not &ive one 'art1 an (n (e a vanta&e or 're2( ice t"e !(b!tantia$ ri&"t! of an1 of t"e 'artie! 4citin& 1 C,S, 1.495? Con!o$i ation of action! i! e6're!!$1 a(t"oriBe (n er Section 1, R($e .1 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt@ FSection 1? Con!o$i ation? G ="en action! invo$vin& a co))on /(e!tion of $aw or fact are 'en in& before t"e co(rt, it )a1 or er a 2oint "earin& or tria$ of an1 or a$$ t"e )atter! in i!!(e in t"e action!; it )a1 or er a$$ t"e action! con!o$i ate ; an it )a1 )aAe !(c" or er! concernin& 'rocee in&! t"erein a! )a1 ten to avoi (nnece!!ar1 co!t! or e$a1?L - #"e obvio(! '(r'o!e of t"e above r($e i! to avoi )($ti'$icit1 of !(it!, to &(ar a&ain!t o''re!!ion an ab(!e, to 'revent e$a1!, to c$ear con&e!te ocAet!, to !i)'$if1 t"e worA of t"e tria$ co(rt; in !"ort t"e attain)ent of 2(!tice wit" t"e $ea!t e6'en!e an ve6ation to t"e 'artie! $iti&ant! 4citin& 1 C,S 1.42-1.4.5? - Con!o$i ation of action! i! a re!!e to t"e !o(n i!cretion of t"e co(rt, an it! action in con!o$i atin& wi$$ not be i!t(rbe in t"e ab!ence of )anife!t ab(!e of i!cretion? In t"e in!tant ca!e, re!'on ent 2( &e i not ab(!e "i! i!cretion in or erin& t"e 2oint tria$ of t"e two ca!e!? #"ere i! no !"owin& t"at !(c" 2oint tria$ wo($ 're2( ice an1 !(b!tantia$ ri&"t of 'etitioner? ;eit"er oe! t"e $atter /(e!tion t"e co(rtD! 2(ri! iction to tr1 an eci e t"e two ca!e!? - #"e or ere con!o$i ation of ca!e!, to o(r )in , cr1!ta$$iBe! into rea$it1 t"e t"inAin& of o(r 're ece!!or! t"at@ *? ? ? #"e w"o$e '(r'o!e an ob2ect of 'roce (re i! to )aAe t"e 'ower! of t"e co(rt f($$1 an co)'$ete$1 avai$ab$e for 2(!tice? #"e )o!t 'erfect 'roce (re t"at can be evi!e i! t"at w"ic" &ive! o''ort(nit1 for t"e )o!t co)'$ete an 'erfect e6erci!e of t"e 'ower! of t"e co(rt wit"in t"e $i)itation! !et b1 nat(ra$ 2(!tice? It i! t"at one w"ic", in ot"er wor !, &ive! t"e )o!t 'erfect o''ort(nit1 for t"e 'ower! of t"e co(rt to tran!)(te t"e)!e$ve! into concrete act! of 2(!tice between t"e 'artie! before it? #"e '(r'o!e of !(c" a 'roce (re i! not to re!trict t"e 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt over t"e !(b2ect )atter, b(t to &ive it effective faci$it1 in ri&"teo(! action? It )a1 be !ai in 'a!!in& t"at t"e )o!t !a$ient ob2ection w"ic" can be (r&e a&ain!t 'roce (re to a1 i! t"at it !o re!trict! t"e e6erci!e of t"e co(rtD! 'ower! b1 tec"nica$itie! t"at 'art of it! a(t"orit1 effective for 2(!tice between t"e 'artie! i! )an1 ti)e! an incon!i erab$e 'ortion of t"e w"o$e? #"e '(r'o!e of 'roce (re i! not to t"wart 2(!tice? It! 'ro'er ai) i! to faci$itate t"e a''$ication of 2(!tice to t"e riva$ c$ai)! of conten in& 'artie!? It wa! create not to "in er an e$a1 b(t to faci$itate an 'ro)ote t"e a )ini!tration of 2(!tice? It oe! not con!tit(te t"e t"in& it!e$f w"ic" co(rt! are a$wa1! !trivin& to !ec(re to $iti&ant!? It i! e!i&ne a! t"e )ean! be!t a a'te to obtain t"at t"in&? In ot"er wor !, it i! a )ean! to an en ? It i! t"e )ean! b1 w"ic" t"e 'ower! of t"e co(rt are )a e effective in 2(!t 2( &)ent!? ="en it $o!e! t"e c"aracter of t"e one an taAe! on t"at of t"e ot"er t"e a )ini!tration of 2(!tice beco)e! inco)'$ete an (n!ati!factor1 an $a1! it!e$f o'en to &rave critici!)?* Disposition ,( &)ent i! "ereb1 ren ere MO3I+CI;< t"e a!!ai$e CA eci!ion b1 !ettin& a!i e an e$etin& t"e awar of t"e re!'on ent!0 co(nterc$ai) in t"e a)o(nt of P142,>19?29 in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5>22; reiteratin& t"e P50,000?00 awar of attorne1!0 fee! an $iti&ation e6'en!e! in favor of t"e re!'on ent! in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5>22; an e$etin& t"e awar of attorne1!0 fee! to t"e 'etitioner! in Civi$ Ca!e ;o? 5>2.? In a$$ ot"er re!'ect!, t"e a!!ai$e eci!ion i! A++IRME3?

6. "i%* 6( c!DDi##i!ne"# AN/ARA ' FEDMAN /.R. NO. =45:88 AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ< Oc !6e" =:, 8BB9
;A#IRE@ Motion for Recon!i eration +AC#S@

-0 - On +ebr(ar1 >, 1--8, re!'on ent fi$e a co)'$aint for Accion Reinvin icatoria an Eor H(ietin& of #it$e a&ain!t 'etitioner before t"e Re&iona$ #ria$ Co(rt, ;a!(&b(, 7atan&a! , c$ai)in& to be t"e ri&"tf($ owner! of t"e $an c(rrent$1 occ('ie b1 'etitioner? #"e1 even con (cte a re$ocation !(rve1? -'etitoner on t"e ot"er "an c$ai)e t"at "e i! t"e $awf($ owner; t"e !ai 'arce$! of $an o not encroac" on re!'on entD! 'ro'ert1; an a!!()in& t"at t"ere i! !(c" an encroac")ent, "e nevert"e$e!! "a ac/(ire tit$e t"ereto b1 virt(e of ac/(i!itive 're!cri'tion -R#C or ere t"e con!tit(tion of co))ittee of t"ree !(rve1or! co)'o!e of &eo etic en&ineer! re're!entin& t"e 'etitioner, re!'on ent an t"e 3E;R -On ,(ne 22, 2000, t"e R#C i!!(e !(b'oena a te!tifican () to t"e t"ree <eo etic En&ineer! w"o co)'o!e t"e 7oar of Co))i!!ioner! to te!tif1 in connection wit" t"eir in ivi (a$ re'ort!? #"e R#C a$!o re)in e re!'on ent t"at t"e ca!e wa! fi$e a! ear$1 a! +ebr(ar1 >, 1--8, t"e 're-tria$ wa! con (cte on ,an(ar1 20, 1--- an !ince t"en re!'on ent "a! not even co))ence 're!entin& it! evi ence on t"e )erit!? -On Se'te)ber 29, 2000, t"e R#C or ere t"e i!)i!!a$ of t"e ca!e (e to t"e fai$(re of t"e re!'on ent to 'ro!ec(te it! ca!e for an (nrea!onab$e $en&t" of ti)e? :owever, ('on re!'on entD! )otion for recon!i eration, t"e R#C recon!i ere t"e or er of i!)i!!a$? -'etitioner fi$e an O)nib(! Motion 'ra1in& t"at 2( &)ent be ren ere on t"e ba!i! of t"e co))i!!ioner!D re'ort an , a$ternative$1, a$$ ot"er 'er!on! w"o wi$$ be a ver!e$1 affecte b1 t"e re$ocation !(rve1 be i)'$ea e a! 'artie! -R#C enie t"e !ai O)nib(! Motion? #"e R#C "e$ t"at accor in& to re!'on ent t"ere wa! no 2oint !(rve1 con (cte b1 t"e co))i!!ioner! a! or ere b1 it an a! a&ree ('on b1 t"e 'artie!, "ence t"e re'ort of t"e co))i!!ioner! cannot be t"e ba!i! of t"e 2( &)ent, 'etitioner fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration w"ic" wa! re2ecte b1 t"e R#C? Petitioner t"en fi$e a 'etition for certiorari wit" t"e CA? t"i! too wa! re2ecte ? Petitoner fi$e a 'etition for certiorari wit" t"e SC? Co(rt enie t"e 'etition for review on certiorari for fai$(re to !(fficient$1 !"ow t"at t"e CA co))itte an1 rever!ib$e error? :ence, t"e 're!ent Motion for Recon!i eration ISSIE@ =O; CA erre in re2ectin& t"e a''ea$ :EL3@ no? -Accor in& to 'etitioner, t"i! i! a *!i)'$e ca!e of an a$$e&e Dencroac")entD or Dover$a''in&D of 'ro'ert1 bo(n arie!?* Con!i erin& t"at t"e i!!(e invo$ve! 'rinci'a$$1 a fact(a$ an tec"nica$ )atter for w"ic" t"e R#C, at t"e in!tance of t"e 'artie!, create a Pane$ of Co))i!!ioner! "a! one it! 2ob an t"e c"air)an !(b)itte "i! re'ort on t"e ba!i! of "i! eva$(ation of t"e !e'arate !(rve1! con (cte b1 t"e )e)ber!? #"e R#C, "owever, !i)'$1 i&nore t"e re'ort on t"e tec"nica$ an $a)e e6c(!e t"at t"e Pane$ of Co))i!!ioner! i not con (ct a *2oint !(rve1?* -'etitioner !(b)it! t"at t"e R#C cannot !i)'$1 i&nore t"e co))i!!ioner!D re'ort wit"o(t con!i erin& it! )erit! !i)'$1 beca(!e t"e 'artie! a&ree t"at t"e !a)e i! not fina$ an bin in&? Petitioner ar&(e! t"at t"e R#C !"o($ "ave con!i ere t"e )erit! of t"e re'ort an acte on it! reco))en ation in!tea of re2ectin& it o(tri&"t wit"o(t an1 ca(!e or rea!on? A! to t"e in!i!tence of re!'on ent t"at t"e R#C or ere a *2oint !(rve1*, 'etitioner !(b)it! t"at t"ere i! not"in& in t"e or er of t"e R#C efinin& or !'ecif1in& w"at a *2oint* !(rve1 i!? -Petitioner reiterate! "i! ar&()ent! in t"e 'etition t"at a 2oint !(rve1, a! (n er!too b1 re!'on ent, w"erein t"e co))i!!ioner! $itera$$1 &o o(t to&et"er, con (ct a !(rve1 in t"e 're!ence of one anot"er, an 're'are one re'ort, co($ not "ave been conte)'$ate b1 t"e R#C !ince t"e co))i!!ioner! no)inate b1 t"e 'artie! in!i!te on two ifferent )et"o ! or a''roac"e! for t"e !(rve1? -A batt$e of !e)antic! i! 'rinci'a$$1 bein& wa&e before t"i! Co(rt? Petitioner ar&(e! t"at (n (e e)'"a!i! wa! '$ace on t"e wor ! *2oint re$ocation !(rve1, w"ic" $itera$$1 )ean! one t"at i! con (cte '"1!ica$$1 to&et"er or in t"e 're!ence of one anot"er?* #"e or er con!tit(tin& t"e 'ane$ of co))i!!ioner!, "owever, oe! not efine w"at a 2oint re$ocation !(rve1 entai$! nor oe! it $a1 o(t t"e !te'! or 'roce (re! in con (ctin& t"e !a)e? Petitioner !(b)it! t"at t"e ter) *2oint !(rve1* oe! not r($e o(t a !(rve1 t"at i! coor inate an $inAe to&et"er re!($tin& in a 2oint fin in& an reco))en ation? On t"e ot"er "an , re!'on ent !(b!cribe! to t"e 'rono(nce)ent of t"e R#C t"at t"e recor i! re'$ete wit" e6'$icit )otion an or er! of t"e co(rt ca$$in& for 2oint !(rve1? Ri!!(e of certiorari 4i)'ortant to note5 - It )(!t be e)'"a!iBe t"at t"e 'etition before t"e CA i! a !'ecia$ civi$ action for certiorari (n er R($e 85 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt? Certiorari (n er R($e 85 i! a re)e 1 narrow in !co'e an inf$e6ib$e in c"aracter? It can be invoAe on$1 for an error of 2(ri! iction, t"at i!, one w"ere t"e act co)'$aine of wa! i!!(e b1 t"e co(rt, wit"o(t or in e6ce!! of 2(ri! iction, or wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion w"ic" i! tanta)o(nt to $acA or in e6ce!! of 2(ri! iction? -In t"i! ca!e, t"e a!!ai$e or er! of t"e R#C are b(t re!o$(tion! on inci enta$ )atter! w"ic" o not to(c" on t"e )erit! of t"e ca!e or '(t an en to t"e 'rocee in&!? #"e1 are inter$oc(tor1 or er! !ince t"ere $eave! !o)et"in& e$!e to be one b1 t"e R#C wit" re!'ect to t"e )erit! of t"e ca!e? Con!e/(ent$1, t"e Co(rt i! 'er'$e6e t"at, in re!o$vin& t"e 'etition before it, t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! c"o!e to e$ve into t"e wi! o) an !o(n ne!! of t"e or er! of t"e R#C, over$ooAin& t"e nat(re of t"e 'etition before it? #"e !('ervi!or1 2(ri! iction of t"e co(rt to i!!(e a certiorari writ cannot be e6erci!e in or er to review t"e 2( &)ent of t"e $ower co(rt a! to it! intrin!ic correctne!!, eit"er ('on t"e $aw or t"e fact! of t"e ca!e .Petitioner failed to demonstrate his claim that the A+C acted $ith grave a use of discretion amounting to lac' or in e%cess of its jurisdiction in den!ing petitionerCs pra!er for rendition of judgment ased on the commissionersC report. +he Aules of Court clearl! provides that the trial court is not ound ! the findings of the commissioners or precluded from disregarding the same. 4t ma! adopt# modif!# reject the report or recommit it $ith instructions# or re,uire the parties to present further evidence

1. inci)en #0 p"!ce##e# %. c%*en)%" !& c%#e# 6. in e"'en i!n HOLIDAY INN V SANDI/ANBAYAN =:5 SCRA 992 MEDIALDEA? J,ne :, =>>B
NATURE? Petition for review on certiorari 4treate certiorari5

a! a !'ecia$ civi$ action for

FACTS? - On ,an(ar1 1, 1-98, :o$i a1 Inn, Inc? 4:II5 entere into a )ana&e)ent contract wit" ;ew Riviera :ote$ an 3eve$o')ent Co?, Inc? 4;R:3C5 for a 'erio of ten 4105 1ear!? Artic$e 1> of !ai a&ree)ent !ti'($ate!@
AA+4C-E 1J A4/G+ 05 54AS+ AE5BSA4f 0$ner# at an! time or times during the term hereof# shall receive a ona fide offer from a third part! accepta le to 0$ner# or $hich 0$ner does not promptl! reject# to purchase the Premises or an! part thereof# or the usiness conducted in connection there$ith# or in the uildings# e,uipment# or furnishings used in connection there$ith# or an! interest in 0$ner =$hether a partnership# or corporation or other$ise># 0$ner shall deliver to 2anager an e%ecuted original cop! of such offer and agrees concurrentl! there$ith to deliver to 2anager an financial information =including ut not limited to# certified alance sheets and operating statements> involved and such# other information as ma! e reasona l! re,uested ! 2anager. 2anager ma!# $ithin t$ent! one =21> da!s of its receipt of such offer and said financial data# at its portion# purchase said interest of said 0$ner on the terms of said offer.

- On ,an(ar1 1, 1-98, ;R:3C an :II a!!i&ne a$$ t"eir ri&"t! (n er t"e above )entione a&ree)ent to 'etitioner :o$i a1 Inn 4P"i$!?5, Inc? 4:IP5 - On A'ri$ 22, 1->8, ;R:3C wa! !e/(e!tere b1 t"e PC<< w"ic" !(b!e/(ent$1 a''ointe fi!ca$ a&ent! an Eor '$ace an o'eratin& tea) to )onitor t"e activitie! of !ai cor'oration? - 7eca(!e of n()ero(! controver!ie! an conf$ict! re!($tin& in o'erationa$ 'rob$e)! re&ar in& ;R:3C, PC<< an Roberto S? 7ene icto, w"o i! 'erceive to be t"e contro$$in& !tocA"o$ er of t"e co)'an1, entere into an a&ree)ent w"ereb1 2E. of t"e )e)ber! of t"e 7oar of 3irector! of ;R:3C !"a$$ be no)inee! of t"e PC<< an 1E. t"ereof !"a$$ be no)inee! of Mr? 7ene icto? - On ,($1 14, 1->8, :IP an ;R:3C, a! !e/(e!tere b1 PC<< entere into an a&ree)ent 4a en ()5 e6ten in& t"e ter)! of t"eir ,an(ar1 1, 1-98 a&ree)ent t"ereof to an in efinite 'erio *on it! e6i!tin& ter)! an con ition!* wit" eit"er 'art1 "avin& t"e ri&"t to

-1 ter)inate t"e a&ree)ent ('on !i6 485 )ont"! 'rior written notice to t"e ot"er 'art1 - On Ma1 10, 1->>, ;R:3C !erve ('on :IP a $etter a vi!in& t"at t"e )ana&e)ent a&ree)ent !"a$$ be ter)inate !i6 485 )ont"! fro) !ai ate? It wa! $atter $earne t"at t"e $etter of ter)ination wa! bro(&"t abo(t b1 ;R:3C! eci!ion to "ave ;ew =or$ :ote$ P"i$i''ine! 4;=:P5 )ana&e t"e 'ro'ert1 in $ie( of :IP? - Conten in& t"at t"ere wa! breac" of Artic$e 1> of it! ori&ina$ )ana&e)ent a&ree)ent wit" ;R:3C, :IP initiate on ;ove)ber 2, 1->> an action for intervention in San i&anba1an, a !e/(e!tration ca!e, an w"erein ;R:3C wa! inc$( e a! a)on& t"e fir)! !e/(e!tere , a$$e&e to be 'art of t"e i$$-&otten wea$t" a)a!!e b1 Roberto S? 7ene icto in con!'irac1 wit" for)er Pre!i ent +er inan Marco!? - #"e 'ro'o!e co)'$aint-in-intervention attac"e to t"e )otion-inintervention /(e!tion! t"e ter)ination of t"e )ana&e)ent a&ree)ent wit"o(t t"e corre!'on in& 'rior notice an Eor ri&"t of fir!t ref(!a$ (n er Artic$e 1> of t"e A&ree)ent? Petitioner $iAewi!e 'ra1e for recover1 of (n'ai )ana&e)ent fee! (n er t"e a&ree)ent? - On ;ove)ber 11, 1->>, t"e San i&anba1an i!!(e t"e /(e!tione Re!o$(tion en1in& :IP! )otion for intervention for $acA of 2(ri! iction !ince - :IP "a! f$ie t"e 're!ent 'etition conten in& t"at, the Sandigan a!an has e%clusive and original jurisdiction over all cases civil or criminal# and all incidents arising from incidental to# or related to# such cases necessaril! fall li'e$ise under the Sandigan a!anCs e%clusive# and original jurisdiction su ject to revie$ on certiorari e%clusivel! ! the Supreme Court - #"e co(rt a /(o i!!(e a te)'orar1 re!trainin& or er on ;ove)ber 18, 1->>? ISSUES =. WON pe i i!ne" -%# % *e+%* in e"e# #,&&icien ! .,# i&( i # in e"'en i!n 8. WON -e S%n)i+%n6%(%n -%# .,"i#)ic i!n !'e" -e #,6.ec D% e" !& pe i i!ne"$# p"!p!#e) c!Dp*%in -in-in e"'en i!n HELD =. NO Reasoning Sec? 2 of R($e 12 te$$! (! t"at a 'er!on )a1 intervene in 'rocee in&! in 'ro&re!! if t"at 'er!on "a! a $e&a$ intere!t in t"e !(cce!! of eit"er of t"e 'artie!, or a&ain!t bot" or w"en a i!'o!ition of t"e 'ro'ert1 invo$ve wo($ affect t"e 'ro!'ective intervenor? :o$i a1 Inn, Inc?, "a! not !"own "ow t"e ter)ination or contin(ation of it! )ana&e)ent contract wo($ be $e&a$$1 affecte b1 a fin in& of w"et"er or not Roberto S? 7ene icto $awf($$1 ac/(ire RI%IERA? #"e !(b2ect-)atter of 'etitionerD! 'ro'o!e co)'$aint-in-intervention invo$ve! ba!ica$$1, an inter'retation of contract, i?e?, w"et"er or not t"e ri&"t of fir!t ref(!a$ co($ an Eor !"o($ "ave been ob!erve , ba!e on t"e A en ()EA&ree)ent of ,($1 14, 1->>, w"ic" e6ten e t"e ter)! an con ition! of t"e ori&ina$ a&ree)ent of ,an(ar1 1, 1-98? #"e /(e!tion of w"et"er or not t"e !e/(e!tere 'ro'ert1 wa! $awf($$1 ac/(ire b1 Roberto S? 7ene icto "a! no bearin& on t"e $e&a$it1 of t"e ter)ination of t"e )ana&e)ent contract b1 ;R:3CD! 7oar of 3irector!? #"e two are in e'en ent an (nre$ate i!!(e! an re!o$(tion of eit"er )a1 'rocee in e'en ent$1 of eac" ot"er? I'"o$ in& t"e $e&a$it1 of 7ene ictoD! ac/(i!ition of t"e !e/(e!tere 'ro'ert1 i! not a &(arantee t"at :IPD! )ana&e)ent contract wo($ be ('"e$ , for on$1 t"e 7oar of 3irector! of ;R:3C i! /(a$ifie to )aAe !(c" a eter)ination? 8. NO Reasoning #"e ori&ina$ an e6c$(!ive 2(ri! iction &iven to t"e San i&anba1an over PC<< ca!e! 'ertain! to 4a5 ca!e! fi$e b1 t"e PC<<, '(r!(ant to t"e e6erci!e of it! 'ower! (n er E6ec(tive Or er ;o!? 1, 2 an 14? a! a)en e b1 t"e Office of t"e Pre!i ent, an Artic$e [%III, Section 28 of t"e Con!tit(tion, i?e?, w"ere t"e 'rinci'a$ ca(!e of action i! t"e recover1 of i$$-&otten wea$t", a! we$$ a! a$$ inci ent! ari!in& fro), inci enta$ to, or re$ate to !(c" ca!e! an 4b5 ca!e! fi$e b1 t"o!e w"o wi!" to /(e!tion or c"a$$en&e t"e co))i!!ionD! act! or or er! in !(c" ca!e!? Evi ent$1, 'etitionerD! 'ro'o!e co)'$aint-in-intervention i! an or inar1 civi$ ca!e t"at oe! not 'ertain to t"e San i&anba1an? A! t"e So$icitor <enera$ !tate , t"e co)'$aint i! not irecte a&ain!t PC<< a! an entit1, b(t a&ain!t a 'rivate cor'oration, in w"ic" ca!e it i! not 'er !e, a PC<< ca!e? Dispositive. 3i!)i!!e ?

ORDONEZ V /USTILO 1-2 SCRA 48PARAS; 3ece)ber 20, 1--0

NATURE Petition for certiorari to review eci!ion an or er of R#C Cavite, 7r? 18, Cavite Cit1, <(!ti$o, ,? FACTS - Re!'on ent E!'irit( fi$e co)'$aint for !'ecific 'erfor)ance an a)a&e! a&ain!t re!'on ent! M(nici'a$it1 of Ro!ario, Cavite an Ma1or Enri/(eB to enforce t"eir a&ree)ent containe in a Rec$a)ation Contract? P$aintiff 'ra1! t"at a 'ortion of t"e fore!"ore $an of t"e town be conve1e to "i) a! a!!i&nee of Sa$ina! 3ev0t? Cor'? 4SA3ECO5, t"e entit1 w"ic" rec$ai)e t"e $an in /(e!tion? 3efen ant! re!i!te t"e c$ai) !tatin& it wa! barre b1 t"e !tat(te of $i)itation!? - :erein 'etitioner, t"e baran&a1 ca'tain of #e2ero! Convention, Ro!ario, Cavite, to&et"er wit" 9 ot"er! intervene an a$$e&e in t"eir An!wer-in-Intervention t"at t"e area bein& c$ai)e b1 E!'irit( ca)e abo(t b1 nat(ra$ accretion an t"at t"e Rec$a)ation Contract i! n($$ an voi ? - At t"e 're-tria$ conference, w"ere t"e ori&ina$ 'artie! an intervenor! were 're!ent, E!'irit( an efen ant )(nici'a$it1 )anife!te t"at t"e1 wo($ !(b)it to a co)'ro)i!e a&ree)ent at a $atter ate? - On t"e ot"er "an , intervenor! a!Ae t"at t"e1 be a$$owe to 're!ent evi ence to 'rove t"eir efen!e? - #"e 'rinci'a$ $iti&ant! !(b)itte to t"e co(rt t"eir co)'ro)i!e a&ree)ent? #C a''rove an ren ere a eci!ion in accor ance t"erewit"? Cet, intervenor! contin(e to 're!ent evi ence, re&ar in& t"eir a$$e&ation!? - 2 1ear! $ater, intervenor! fi$e a )otion to !et a!i e t"e co)'ro)i!e a&ree)ent? Re!'on ent 2( &e enie ? ,( &e <(!ti$o a$!o ter)inate t"e 'rocee in&! an or ere t"e ca!e to be c$o!e ? ISSUE0S =O; tria$ co(rt erre in !to''in&E'reventin& t"e intervenor! fro) f(rt"er 're!entin& evi ence in !(''ort of t"eir An!wer-in-Interevention? HELD 1? ;O? Intervention i! efine a! a F'rocee in& in a !(it or action b1 w"ic" a t"ir 'art1 i! 'er)itte b1 t"e co(rt to )aAe "i)!e$f a 'art1, eit"er 2oinin& '$aintiff in c$ai)in& w"at i! !o(&"t b1 t"e co)'$aint, or (nitin& wit" efen ant in re!i!tin& t"e c$ai)! of '$aintiff, or e)an in& !o)et"in& a ver!e$1 to bot" of t"e); t"e act or 'rocee in& b1 w"ic" a t"ir 'er!on beco)e! a 'art1 in a !(it 'en in& between t"e ot"er!; t"e a )i!!ion, b1 $eave of co(rt, of a 'er!on not an ori&ina$ 'art1 to 'en in& $e&a$ 'rocee in&!, b1 w"ic" !(c" 'er!on beco)e! a 'art1 t"ereto for t"e 'rotection of !o)e ri&"t or intere!t a$$e&e b1 "i) to be affecte b1 !(c" 'rocee in&!?L Ratio Intervention i! !n*( c!**% e"%* !" %nci**%"( ! -e D%in %c i!n ? :ence, it wa! 'revio(!$1 r($e t"at t"e &in%* )i#Di##%* !& -e p"incip%* %c i!n "e#,* # in -e )i#Di##%* !& #%i) %nci**%"( %c i!n? Reasoning A 2( &)ent a''rovin& a co)'ro)i!e a&ree)ent i! fina$ an i))e iate$1 e6ec(tor1? A$$ 'en in& i!!(e! wi$$ beco)e )oot an aca e)ic once a co)'ro)i!e !(b)itte b1 t"e 'artie! i! a''rove b1 t"e tria$ co(rt? #"e contin(ation of rece'tion of intervenor0! evi ence wo($ !erve no '(r'o!e at a$$? S"o($ intervenor! fai$ to 'rove t"at t"e Rec$a)ation Contract i! n($$ an voi an t"at no act(a$ rec$a)ation wa! )a e, t"e correctne!! an 'ro'riet1 of t"e eci!ion ba!e ('on t"e co)'ro)i!e a&ree)ent wo($ be !tren&t"ene ? On t"e ot"er "an , !"o($ t"e1 !(ccee in 'rovin& t"at t"e contract i! n($$ an voi , an t"at t"e area in /(e!tion ca)e into bein& t"ro(&" t"e nat(ra$ action of t"e !ea, !ti$$ t"e eci!ion of t"e $ower co(rt co($ no $on&er be !et a!i e, ina!)(c" a! it "a! a$rea 1 beco)e fina$ an e6ec(te ? Disposition =:ERE+ORE, for $acA of )erit, t"e 'etition i! 3ISMISSE3? Co!t! a&ain!t 'etitioner?

-2

A/ULTO ' TECSON /.R. N!.=94825 CORONA<N!'eD6e" 8>, 8BB4

+AC#S@ -On A(&(!t 25, 1--9, t"e re!'on ent =i$$ia) S? #ec!on fi$e an action for a)a&e! a&ain!t 'etitioner! Ro$an o A&($to, Ma6i)a A&($to, Ceci$$e #enoria an a certain Maribe$ Ma$$ari in t"e R#C of H(eBon Cit1? A&($to fi$e an an!wer c$ai)in& t"at #ec!on "a no ca(!e of action an a$$e&e )a$icio(! 'ro!ec(tion? R#C i!)i!!e #ec!on0! co)'$aint 4fai$(re to 'ro!ec(te for an (nrea!onab$e $en&t" of ti)e5? #ec!on fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration, w"ic" wa! &racte ? Co(rt re/(ire t"e 'artie! to a''ear (rin& t"e 're-tria$ conference !c"e ($e on ,an(ar1 21, 1---? #"e 're-tria$ wa!, "owever, re!et to A'ri$ 2-, 1---? -3(rin& t"e !c"e ($e 're-tria$ on A'ri$ 2-, 1---, 'etitioner Ro$an o A&($to an "i! co(n!e$ were infor)e b1 an e)'$o1ee of t"e R#C t"at t"e 're!i in& 2( &e wa! on $eave? Co(n!e$ for A&($to !(&&e!te t"at it be re-!c"e ($e on ,(ne 19? E)'$o1ee a vi!e 'etitioner0! co(n!e$ t"at t"e !(&&e!te !ettin& wa! not 1et officia$ a! it wo($ e'en on t"e ca$en ar of t"e co(rt an t"e co(n!e$ of re!'on ent? -#"e 're-tria$ 'rocee e on ,(ne 19, 1---? +or fai$(re of 'etitioner! to a''ear at t"e 're-tria$ an to !(b)it t"eir 're-tria$ brief, t"e R#C i!!(e an or er a$$owin& t"e re!'on ent to 're!ent "i! evi ence e% parte -Petitioner! fi$e a )otion for recon!i eration of t"e ,(ne 19, 1--or er of t"e R#C? #"e1 c$ai)e t"at t"e1 were not notifie of t"e 'retria$ "e$ on ,(ne 19, 1---? 7efore t"e )otion co($ be "ear , "owever, t"e co(rt ren ere it! ,($1 12, 1--- eci!ion in favor of re!'on ent? Petitioner! were or ere to 'a1 re!'on ent )ora$ a)a&e!, e6e)'$ar1 a)a&e! an attorne10! fee! in t"e a&&re&ate a)o(nt of P190,000? -Petitioner! fi$e a 'etition for certiorari (n er R($e 85 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re wit" t"e CA on ;ove)ber 24, 1---? #"e1 c$ai)e t"at t"e R#C &rave$1 ab(!e it! i!cretion w"en it i!!(e t"e Se'te)ber 24, 1--- or er -CA i!)i!!e t"e 'etition? It r($e t"at t"e 'ro'er re)e 1 wa! a''ea$ b1 writ of error, i.e?, or inar1 a''ea$, (n er R($e 41 of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, not a 'etition for certiorari (n er R($e 85? #"e CA a$!o "e$ t"at t"e 'etitioner! fai$e to !"ow t"at t"eir ab!ence (rin& t"e !c"e ($e 're-tria$ wa! for a va$i ca(!e -:ence, t"i! 'etition for review on certiorari (n er R($e 45 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt ISSIE@ =O; R#C acte wit" &rave ab(!e of i!cretion in not con!i erin& A&($to0! )otion! for recon!i eration re&ar in& t"e 're-tria$? :EL3@ CES -In er t"e 're!ent Section ., R($e 1> of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, t"e notice of 're-tria$ !"o($ be !erve on co(n!e$? #"e co(n!e$ !erve wit" notice i! c"ar&e wit" t"e (t1 of notif1in& t"e 'art1 "e re're!ent!? It i! on$1 w"en a 'art1 "a! no co(n!e$ t"at t"e notice of 're-tria$ i! re/(ire to be !erve 'er!ona$$1 on "i)? -#"(!, t"e 're!ent r($e !i)'$ifie! t"e 'roce (re in t"e !en!e t"at notice of 're-tria$ i! !erve on co(n!e$, an !ervice i! )a e on a 'art1 on$1 if "e "a! no co(n!e$? 4t does not# ho$ever# dispense $ith notice of pre. trial. -#"(!, !en in& a notice of 're-tria$ !tatin& t"e ate, ti)e an '$ace of 're-tria$ i! )an ator1? It! ab!ence wi$$ ren er t"e 're-tria$ an !(b!e/(ent 'rocee in&! voi ? #"(!, t"e tria$ co(rt0! or er a$$owin& t"e '$aintiff to 're!ent "i! evi ence e% parte wit"o(t (e notice of 're-tria$ to t"e efen ant con!tit(te! &rave ab(!e of i!cretion -A$t"o(&" t"e fai$(re of t"e efen ant to fi$e a 're-tria$ brief "a! t"e !a)e effect a! "i! fai$(re to a''ear at t"e 're-tria$ 4t"i! i!, t"e '$aintiff )a1 be a$$owe to 're!ent "i! evi ence e% parte an t"e co(rt !"a$$ ren er 2( &)ent on t"e ba!i! t"ereof5, a con ition 'rece ent i! t"e !ervice of notice of 're-tria$? Ot"erwi!e, t"e efen ant wi$$ be &ro'in& in t"e arA a! to w"en e6act$1 "e i! !(''o!e to fi$e "i! 're-tria$ brief? -More !'ecifica$$1, (n er Section 8, R($e 1> of t"e 1--9 R($e! of Civi$ Proce (re, t"e 'artie! are re/(ire to fi$e wit" t"e co(rt an !erve on t"e a ver!e 'art1, in !(c" )anner a! !"a$$ en!(re t"eir recei't t"ereof at $ea!t t"ree a1! before t"e ate of t"e 're-tria$, t"eir re!'ective 'retria$ brief!? C$ear$1, t"e ate of t"e 're-tria$ i! t"e recAonin& 'oint for t"e fi$in& of t"e 're-tria$ brief? 7(t wit"o(t 'rior notice of 're-tria$, t"e 'artie! cannot rea!onab$1 be e6'ecte to Anow t"e ate of t"e 're-tria$?

c. #,6p!en% ). R,*e 88 UY '#. FIRST METRO INTE/RATED STEEL CORP. <?R? ;o? 189245 C;ARES-SA;#IA<O; Se'te)ber 29, 2008
NATURE@ Petition for Review FACTS@ Private re!'on ent +ir!t Metro Inte&rate Stee$ Cor'oration 4+MISC5 fi$e a co)'$aint for !() of )one1 wit" 'ra1er for writ of 're$i)inar1 attac")ent a&ain!t Robert ,(an I1 4Robert5, Mi $an Inte&rate Con!tr(ction Co)'an1 4MICC5 an 'etitioner E$'i io I1? #"e co)'$aint aro!e fro) 'etitioner0! i!!(ance of a c"ecA in t"e a)o(nt of P8-5,>11?00 in favor of +MISC to cover 'a1)ent for efor)e !tee$ bar! e$ivere b1 t"e $atter to 'etitioner an 'rivate re!'on ent! MICC an Robert? :owever, t"e c"ecA wa! i!"onore ('on 're!ent)ent an e!'ite e)an !, MICC, Robert an 'etitioner ref(!e to 'a1? After t"e fi$in& of t"e re!'ective An!wer! of +MISC, Robert an MICC, "earin&! were t"ereafter con (cte for t"e rece'tion of t"eir re!'ective evi ence? #"e initia$ rece'tion of 'etitionerD! evi ence wa! !et on +ebr(ar1 2>, 2001 b(t it wa! cance$$e beca(!e 'etitioner "a inf$(enBa? #"e "earin& wa! re!et !i6 )ore ti)e!, b(t in eac" in!tance, 'etitioner, t"ro(&" "i! $aw1er!, )ove for t"e cance$$ation an re!ettin& of t"e 're!entation of "i! evi ence? 3(rin& t"e !i6t" !c"e ($e "earin& on +ebr(ar1 2>, 2002, Att1? 7aPare!, co(n!e$ for 'etitioner arrive $ate? I'on )otion of +MISC, t"e tria$ co(rt or ere t"at 'etitionerD! ri&"t to 're!ent evi ence i! ee)e waive an t"e 'artie! were irecte to fi$e t"eir re!'ective )e)oran ()? Att1? 7aPare! wit" rew "i! a''earance on ,an(ar1 >, 200. wit" 'etitionerD! confor)it1? On Marc" 9, 200., t"e tria$ co(rt ren ere 2( &)ent a&ain!t 'etitioner an in favor of +MISC? On A'ri$ 4, 200., 'etitioner receive a co'1 of t"e 3eci!ion? On A'ri$ 21, 200., 'etitioner t"ro(&" Att1? L(ca! C? Car'io, ,r? fi$e a Motion for ;ew #ria$ on t"e &ro(n of &ro!! ne&$i&ence of 'etitionerD! co(n!e$ in fai$in& to atten t"e "earin& for t"e rece'tion of evi ence, t"(! i)'airin& "i! ri&"t! to (e 'roce!!? #"e tria$ co(rt enie t"e )otion for new tria$? 3i!!ati!fie , 'etitioner fi$e wit" t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! a 'etition for certiorari? #"e CA i!)i!!e t"e 'etition an enie 'etitionerD! )otion for recon!i eration? :ence, t"i! Petition? ISSUES@ 415 =O; 'etitioner0! )otion for new tria$ wa! fi$e o(t of ti)e; 425 =O; a 'etition for certiorari i! t"e 'ro'er re)e 1 to overt(rn t"e enia$ of a )otion for new tria$; 4.5 =O; t"e )otion for new tria$ !"o($ be &rante ? HELD@ 415 ;O? A !cr(tin1 of t"e recor ! i!c$o!e! t"at w"i$e t"e Motion for ;ew #ria$ wa! receive b1 t"e tria$ co(rt on A'ri$ 2>, 200., t"e ate on t"e Re&i!tr1 Recei't attac"e to t"e Affi avit of Service a! we$$ a! t"at !ta)'e on t"e enve$o'e w"ic" containe t"e co'1 of t"e )otion, revea$! t"at it wa! fi$e an !erve b1 re&i!tere )ai$ on A'ri$ 21, 200., a Mon a1, beca(!e A'ri$ 1-, 200., t"e $a!t a1 for fi$in& t"e !a)e wa! a Sat(r a1? Section 1, R($e 22 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt !tate! t"at if t"e $a!t a1 of t"e 'erio t"(! co)'(te fa$$! on a Sat(r a1, a S(n a1, or a $e&a$ "o$i a1 in t"e '$ace w"ere t"e co(rt !it!, t"e ti)e !"a$$ not r(n (nti$ t"e ne6t worAin& a1? #"(!, t"e )otion wa! act(a$$1 fi$e on ti)e it "avin& been fi$e on A'ri$ 21, 200., t"e ne6t worAin& a1, fo$$owin& t"e $a!t a1 for fi$in& w"ic" fe$$ on a Sat(r a1? 425 CES? Section -, R($e .9 of t"e R($e! of Co(rt w"ic" 'rovi e! t"at t"e re)e 1 to an or er en1in& a )otion for new tria$ i! to a''ea$ t"e 2( &)ent or fina$ or er, )(!t be rea in con2(nction wit" Section 1, R($e 41 w"ic" 'rovi e! t"at Fno a''ea$ )a1 be taAen fro) an or er en1in& a new tria$ or recon!i eration?L R($e 41, Section 1 f(rt"er 'rovi e! t"at@ Fw"ere t"e 2( &)ent or fina$ or er i! not a''ea$ab$e, t"e a&&rieve 'art1 )a1 fi$e an a''ro'riate !'ecia$ civi$ action (n er R($e 85?L #"(!, t"e fi$in& b1 t"e 'etitioner of a 'etition for certiorari wit" t"e Co(rt of A''ea$! fro) t"e enia$ of t"e )otion for new tria$ b1 t"e tria$ co(rt i! 'ro'er?

-. 4.5 ;O? Section 1, R($e .9 'rovi e! t"at a )otion for new tria$ )a1 be fi$e wit"in t"e 'erio for taAin& an a''ea$ ba!e , a)on& ot"er!, on e6c(!ab$e ne&$i&ence? ;e&$i&ence to be e6c(!ab$e )(!t be one w"ic" or inar1 i$i&ence an 'r( ence co($ not "ave &(ar e a&ain!t? In t"e in!tant ca!e, t"e ne&$i&ence of 'etitionerD! co(n!e$ in fai$in& to atten t"e "earin&! for t"e rece'tion of evi ence i! ine6c(!ab$e? #"e tria$ co(rt !c"e ($e t"e "earin& for t"e rece'tion of 'etitionerD! evi ence !even ti)e!? #"e initia$ "earin& !et on +ebr(ar1 2>, 2001 wa! cance$$e beca(!e 'etitioner a$$e&e $1 "a inf$(enBa? #"e "earin&! !c"e ($e on A'ri$ 28, 2001 an Ma1 10, 2001 were cance$$e an )ove to October 25, 2001 an 3ece)ber 1., 2001? Petitioner wa! re're!ente b1 Att1? Car'io, ,r? a! co$$aboratin& co(n!e$ (rin& t"e "earin& on October 25, 2001 b(t no evi ence wa! 're!ente ? In!tea , t"e "earin& wa! cance$$e ? On 3ece)ber 1., 2001, Att1? 7aPare!, 'etitionerD! new co(n!e$, a''eare b(t "e re/(e!te for a re!ettin&? On +ebr(ar1 14, 2002, Att1? 7aPare! )ove to 'o!t'one t"e "earin& to +ebr(ar1 2>, 2002 a! 'revio(!$1 !c"e ($e ? On +ebr(ar1 2>, 2002, Att1? 7aPare! arrive $ate? #"e recor ! i!c$o!e t"at t"e "earin&! were 'o!t'one or cance$$e wit"o(t an1 2(!tification? :owever, t"e tria$ co(rt acco))o ate t"e re/(e!t! for 'o!t'one)ent or re!ettin& in or er to accor 'etitioner (e 'roce!!? In er t"e circ()!tance!, 'etitionerD! co(n!e$D! fai$(re to atten t"e !even !c"e ($e "earin&! i! wit"o(t 2(!tifiab$e rea!on tanta)o(nt to ine6c(!ab$e ne&$ect? A! !(c", it cannot be a &ro(n for new tria$? In a ition, t"e R($e re/(ire! t"at )otion! for new tria$ fo(n e on fra( , acci ent, )i!taAe or e6c(!ab$e ne&$i&ence )(!t be acco)'anie b1 affi avit! of )erit!, i?e?, affi avit! !"owin& t"e fact! 4not )ere conc$(!ion! or o'inion!5 con!tit(tin& t"e va$i ca(!e of action or efen!e w"ic" t"e )ovant )a1 'rove in ca!e a new tria$ i! &rante , beca(!e a new tria$ wo($ !erve no '(r'o!e an wo($ 2(!t wa!te t"e ti)e of t"e co(rt a! we$$ a! t"e 'artie! if t"e co)'$aint i! after a$$ &ro(n $e!! or t"e efen!e i! ni$ or ineffective? In er t"e R($e!, t"e )ovin& 'art1 )(!t !"ow t"at "e "a! a )eritorio(! efen!e? #"e fact! con!tit(tin& t"e )ovantD! &oo an !(b!tantia$ efen!e, w"ic" "e )a1 'rove if t"e 'etition were &rante , )(!t be !"own in t"e affi avit w"ic" !"o($ acco)'an1 t"e )otion for a new tria$? PetitionerD! Affi avit of Merit i not contain c$ear !tate)ent! of t"e fact! con!tit(tin& a &oo an va$i efen!e w"ic" "e )i&"t 'rove if &iven t"e c"ance to intro (ce evi ence? #"e a$$e&ation! t"at "e "a! a *)eritorio(! efen!e* an a *&oo ca(!e* are )ere conc$(!ion! w"ic" i not 'rovi e t"e co(rt wit" an1 ba!i! for eter)inin& t"e nat(re an )erit of t"e ca!e? An affi avit of )erit !"o($ !tate fact!, an not )ere o'inion or conc$(!ion! of $aw? PetitionerD! )otion for new tria$ an affi avit of )erit i not )ention t"e evi ence w"ic" "e wa! 'revente fro) intro (cin&, nor i it a$$e&e t"at !(c" evi ence wo($ c"an&e t"e o(tco)e of t"e ca!e? PetitionerD! ar&()ent t"at "i! co(n!e$D! ne&$i&ence wa! !o &ro!! t"at "e wa! e'rive of (e 'roce!! fai$! to i)'re!!? <ro!! ne&$i&ence i! not one of t"e &ro(n ! for a )otion for a new tria$? =e cannot ec$are "i! co(n!e$D! ne&$i&ence a! &ro!! a! to $iberate "i) fro) t"e effect! of "i! fai$(re to 're!ent co(ntervai$in& evi ence? 7e!i e!, we fin t"at 'etitionerD! an "i! co(n!e$D! ne&$i&ence are conc(rrent? 3(rin& t"e initia$ "earin& for t"e rece'tion of "i! evi ence, 'etitioner wa! ab!ent a$$e&e $1 (e to inf$(enBa? 3(rin& t"e !(ccee in& !c"e ($e "earin&!, 'etitioner wa! ab!ent b(t "i! $aw1er, Att1? Mo$ina, wa! 're!ent b(t i not 're!ent an1 evi ence? In!tea , )otion! for 'o!t'one)ent or re!ettin& were )a e? In one occa!ion, Att1? Mo$ina wa! ab!ent b(t Att1? Car'io, ,r? a''eare a! co$$aboratin& co(n!e$? Sti$$, no evi ence wa! 're!ente b(t a re!ettin& wa! a&ain re/(e!te ? +ina$$1, 'etitionerD! co(n!e$D! ine6c(!ab$e ne&$ect i not a)o(nt to 'etitionerD! e'rivation of (e 'roce!! of $aw? #"e ri&"t to (e 'roce!! !afe&(ar ! t"e o''ort(nit1 to be "ear an to !(b)it an1 evi ence one )a1 "ave in !(''ort of "i! c$ai) or efen!e? In t"e in!tant ca!e, 'etitioner wa! &iven !evera$ o''ort(nitie! to be "ear an to !(b)it evi ence b(t "e !/(an ere t"e)? 7$(n er! an )i!taAe! in t"e con (ct of t"e 'rocee in&! in t"e tria$ co(rt a! a re!($t of t"e i&norance, ine6'erience or inco)'etence of co(n!e$ o not /(a$if1 a! a &ro(n for new tria$? DISPOSITIVE@ #"e Petition i! 3E;IE3 for $acA of )erit?