`

INTRODUCTION FOR AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN

PREFACE
Airports considered the Gateway of every country is one of the most neglected Infrastructure developments in the Philippines. Airports measured as the reflection of the countrys economic and cultural background should have been part of the priority of our Government in the Modernization program. I believed that Modernization as an Investment equals to our Countries growth and will achieve our aims in the campaign for tourism. Having tag as having the most Worst Airport in the world mirrors the kind of people we are presenting to the other Nations. Being humiliated by outsider during my studies abroad on the conditions of our airports post a challenge to me in my interest in learning more about Airports Design & its Services. To All my future colleague, I am glad that We share the same interest of the Airport design through your thesis. Ar. Willie Y. Chua aci,aia,usgbc,uap

AIRPORT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUNDS

Airport Terminal Design is a very complex in terms of the design procedures. Architects Skills and long field of experience in design are not the passport of being able to Design an Airport terminal. Basic Principle and long list of studies and requirements needed shall be considered from outside the Terminal ( Ground or Air ).

This Lecture will teach you basic principles of the major issues in the Airport Terminal design process.

THREE ELEMENTS OR PARTS OF AN AIRPORT

Three important considerations that may affect the design process of a Terminal. These three elements are inter-connected to each other and will dictate the design limitation of the project. AIRSPACE The portion of the Atmosphere controlled by a country above its territory, including territorial waters. What are this Airspace? Air Navigation path Identify the Meteorology / Weather conditions of the Area. Air Traffic - also identify as Flight path by the Pilots. This is the line, course or tract along which an aircraft is flying or is intended to be flown. Military airspace (Military zone / Military Operating area ) This is a segregated air space use by the Military which are are commonly known as the Danger zone for the Pilots. This airspace are intended for Military Pilot training flight , Combat training , Testing for Explosive weapons. AIRSIDE The most secured part of an Airport and most highly regulated . It is an area for aircraft movement and operation. Occupied 80% of the total land area of an Airport

AIRSIDE Design consideration: Topography verify the Landscape and the community zoning of the area. o Mountains and Volcano o Existing roads and River o Farm o Environmentally / ECO protected area Existing Infrastructureo Industrial Factories, Power plant, High Tension Tower cable, Pipeline , Drainage & Sewage system o Community Hospital, School, Residence, Military camp, Commercial building Airside are composed of the ff: Runway o The most important part of an Airport o Must be oriented in the direction of a prevailing wind. Taxiway o This is the Connection between the Runway and Apron, serves as the Taxi route / Aircraft rolling for the departing and arriving aircraft to and from the Apron & Runway Apron o Parking and staging area of Aircraft. Located adjacent to the Terminal building or Hangars o serves for loading and un-loading for passenger and cargo

o circulation space for service vehicles and equipment - cargo - catering services - fuel tank truck Other Infrastucture o This are the structures and Facilities that has a direct access to the Runway. o Control Tower o Hangar o Airline catering building o Rescue & Fire fighting building o Maintenance building o Cargo / Freight companies building o General aviation Companies o Flying schools o Military camp LANDSIDE o The part of an Airport farthest from the Runway and Aircraft movement o The boundary of which the security check and customs, passport control and other service facilities. Landside may composed of the ff: a. b. c. d. e. f. Airport Terminal Airline Company Office buildings Hotels Convention Center Bus or Transportation Terminal Train Station

g. h. i. j.

Parks and Re-creational facilities Government Building ( Aviation agency ) Shopping mall Others AIRPORT TERMINAL

WHAT IS AN AIRPORT TERMINAL? Is a building where passengers transfer between ground and the facilities that allow them to board a disembark from Aircraft. DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF AN AIRPORT

HUB Serves as a transfer point of different airlines to get passenger to their intended destination. Serves as stop-over of a long haul flight of Different Airline for check-up, re-fueling and aircraft maintenance. Shopping Center and a Life style airpor POINT TO POINT Airport that serves to a direct flight travel. This Airport are usually use as a Home base for an airlines companies. LOW COST Is it also known as the secondary or alternative airport, This type of airport is also known as the airport for the masses. Airport serves the Budget Airline companies.

MAIN GATEWAY

An Airport that serves as the main entry point to a country by being the primary arrival and Departure point. CHARTERED This is a Mini Airport owned by private chartered companies for private chartered flight. This type of Airport for Executive ( As we call it ) offers a VIP service enables a travelers to bypass the hassle of a public airport and airline services. LEISURE A Small Airport that primary users are Tourist and vacationers . CARGO Airport that is intended only for Cargo activities and movement FULL SERVICE Practically the combination of all the other Airports

DESIGN AND AGENCIES INVOLVES IN DESIGN PROCESS

National,Regional,Local Authorities that has jurisdiction in the Project
Ex. DOTC,CAAP,Dept of Finance(if it is finance by the Government),Mayor,Congressman,Senator,Secretaries and the President.

Control authorities
Ex. Customs, Immigration, Police, Security agencies, Fire brigade

Engineering group/ Consultants

Ex. Structural / Civil Engr/, Electrical Engr./ Sanitary Engineer Engr./ Waste management Engr./ Transportor Road Engr./Air traffic

management Engr./ Communication and Electronic Engr./ Economist / Finance specialist / lawyers /Geologies and geodetic.

Airport Operator ( The one will manage the Terminal ) Airline Companies Pilot Community ( thru the Pilot association ) Concessionaire ( Commercial tenants ) Local Business group Local Community group Tourism group People with Disability group Ground Transportation group Conservative and Environmental group INVESTOR

LEGISLATION AND CODES CONSIDERATION

Airport terminal design are bound with laws, guidelines and coed which are important reference during design stage. IATA International Aviation ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization CAAP Civil Aviation Association of the Philippines Local -Building code Fire Code All Engineering code Regional and Local regulation law ( ex. Zoning & Land use ) Environmental legislation ( In many Countries ) Constitution

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE AN AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN: There is no Ideal Shape, Design, Size, Character , Architecture that are require when designing an Airport terminal. Although there are

laws and guideline to be follows concerning security, passenger traffic flows and etc. Airport terminal design are influence by many factors depending the country we are in: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Climate Soil Characteristic / Location/ Geography Intended Function( Type of terminal ) Type of Aircraft to be serve Culture Politics Fund Business program/ target revenue Availability of Construction Materials

PASSENGER TERMINAL CONFIGURATION SIMPLE TERMINAL Ideal for Low-cost Terminal Single level Easy to build Easy to expand Short walking distance Enough room for expansion Simple aircraft parking No Bridge Ex. Provincial Domestic Airport LINEAR TERMINAL Fits on a thin sites Usually- multi level Easy to build

Easy to expand Need Walkalator for walking/ Good Passenger traffic flow Enough room for Aircraft parking With Bridge

Curvillinear Terminal Sample Linear Terminal

TERMINAL WITH PIERS/FINGERS Needs big space for site Usually- multi level Complicated to build No room for Expansion Need Walkalator for walking Limit Aircraft parking & Circulation With AirBridge

Finger Type Terminal

TERMINAL WITH SATELLITES

Needs big space for site Usually- multi level Complicated to build No room for Expansion Need Walkalator for walking / confusing passenger traffic flow Need Transportation to move to the other satellite Underground / Sky train Service bus Limit Aircraft parking & Circulation With AirBridge

Terminal with Satellite

TERMINAL WITH REMOTE PIERS & SATELLITE Needs big space for site Usually- multi level Complicated to build No room for Expansion Need Walkalator for walking / confusing passenger traffic flow Need Transportation to move to the other satellite Underground / Sky train Service bus

Limit Aircraft parking & Circulation With AirBridge

Remote Piers & Satellite

4 TYPES OF PROCESSING LEVEL DESIGN

SINGLE LEVEL Side by side arrival and Departure on a single level Suitable for smaller Airport Air bridge are not needed

SPLIT LEVEL Side by side arrival and Departure with two level Terminal erminal. Share the same floor level for inbound & Outbound Concourse. No need for elevated road since Kerbside ( Departure & Arrival ) activity take place at Ground level. Escalator and Elevator should be provided Air bridge are needed Possible of Traffic congestion of inbound and outbound passenger during peak hour hours at Concourse and Arrival hall.

TWO LEVEL Side by side Arrival and Departure with two level terminal. Separate the floor level for the Inbound Outbound Concourse. Suitable for Big Airport Air bridge are needed Less Passenger traffic flow of both inbound and outbound passenger at Concourse & Arrival hall, How However ever may create traffic at the Airside Interface

SEVERAL LEVEL Multi level level floors with full segregation of all passenger traffic flow in the arrival and departure as well as in the concourse. Suitable for High Volume passengers and Se Serving ving wide body Aircraft The most ideal design in terms of passengers movement inside the Terminal Expensive Design Air bridge are needed

THREE COMPONENTS OF PASSENGER TERMINAL DEPARTURE AREA

Kerbside Loading and un-loading loading area for passengers using CARS,TAXI,BUS,RAIL NETWORK and other transport service Public parking, Service parking, tourist bus parking & ets

Pedestrian lane ( roads,Sidewalk & Ramp ) Service road and emergency access for Airport facilities Processing / Holding areas Concourse / Service o Flight information monitor o Information and Security desk o Waiting area ( Seating and Lounge ) o Service facilities ( Elevator, Escalator, Hallway , Stairs & etc ) o Queuing area o Toilets o Prayer room o Travel agencies counter o Other services Airline ticketing o Check-in counter o Self check-in counter o Drop bag Offices / Lounge o Airport Administration Offices ( Airport Operator,Custom,Security,Immigration,Airline offices,Tourism offices, Pilot and staff lounge Retail o Restaurant/ Coffee shops o Shop o Duty free tax store Security o Security control doors & queuing area o Outbound Immigration ( For International flight ) o Outbound Customs ( a separate Customs monitoring group are assigned for outbound baggages )

Airside Interface Departure waiting lounge o Seating area o Kids play area Airport Lounge Departure gate Retail store Duty free tax store

DEPARTURE AREA

ARRIVAL AREA
Kerbside Loading and un-loading area for passengers using CARS,TAXI,BUS,RAIL NETWORK and other transport service

Public parking, Service parking, tourist bus parking & ets o Carpark building should be separated to the terminal for security purpose ) Pedestrian lane ( roads,Sidewalk & Ramp ) Service road and emergency access for Airport facilitie Arrival hall Concourse / Service o Meeting and greeters area o Flight information monitor o Information and Security desk o Service facilities ( Elevator, Escalator, Hallway , Stairs & etc o Transportation Service counter o Tourism area o Hotels service desk o Money changer o Toilets Retail o Restaurant/ Coffee shops o Shop Inbound baggage Sorting and Reclaim area o Baggage reclaim area o Inbound Customs control Airside interface Passenger Gates ( Airbridge / Stairs or Buses from remote stand ) Inbound Immigration Retail store Queuing space

ARRIVAL AREA

GENERAL FEATURES
1. Baggage handling 2. Engineering ( Mechanical, Water & Plumbing , Electrical ) 3. Control Tower 4. Apron Control building 5. Deliveries and Cargo Storage ( with Security system )

6. Maintenance area 7. Emergency and Medical facilities

GENERAL FEATURE