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  • Internet Technology Unit 1

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    Rohit R Rahate
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    The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the OSI model as having 7 layers with each layer defining distinct functions and communicating with the corresponding layer on other machines using agreed protocols. Information passes down from higher to lower layers and services pass up. The layers are organized into network support layers dealing with physical data movement, user support layers allowing software interoperability, and an intermediate layer linking these groups. Encapsulation involves each layer packet containing the packet from the layer above.

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    The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the OSI model as having 7 layers with each layer defining distinct functions and communicating with the corresponding layer on other machines using agreed protocols. Information passes down from higher to lower layers and services pass up. The layers are organized into network support layers dealing with physical data movement, user support layers allowing software interoperability, and an intermediate layer linking these groups. Encapsulation involves each layer packet containing the packet from the layer above.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    12 views3 pages

    Internet Technology Unit 1

    Uploaded by

    Rohit R Rahate
    The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the OSI model as having 7 layers with each layer defining distinct functions and communicating with the corresponding layer on other machines using agreed protocols. Information passes down from higher to lower layers and services pass up. The layers are organized into network support layers dealing with physical data movement, user support layers allowing software interoperability, and an intermediate layer linking these groups. Encapsulation involves each layer packet containing the packet from the layer above.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    The OSI Model and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

    Protocol Layers
    Hierarchy
    Tasks must be done in the order given in the Hierarchy

    Services Each layer uses the services of the layer immediately below it OR Each layer provides services to the layer above it. The lower layer uses the services of the carrier.

    The OSI Layer


    (ISO 1947-international standards-3/4th countries in world)

    Open System Interconnection (Late 1970s) An open system is a set of protocols that allows any two different systems to communicate regardless of their underlying architecture. It is a model for understanding and designing a network architecture which is flexible, robust and interoperable. It was intended to be the basis for the creation of the protocols in the OSI stack. It consists of seven separate but related layers each of which defines a part of the process of moving information across a network.

    Layered Architecture
    Each layer defines a family of functions distinct from those of the other layers. The OSI model allows complete interoperability between otherwise incompatible systems. Between machines, layer x on one machine logically communicates with layer x on another machine. This communication is governed by an agreed-upon series of rules and conventions called protocols.

    Layer-to-Layer Communication
    Interfaces between layers
    Each interface defines what information and services a layer must provide for the layer above it.

    Organizations of the layers Network Support Layers (1,2&3)


    Deal with the physical aspects of moving data from one device to another Combination of hardware and software, except for the physical layer.

    User Support Layers (5,6&7)

    Allow interoperability among unrelated software systems.

    Implemented in software Intermediate Layer (4)

    Links the two subgroups and ensures that what the lower layers have transmitted is in a form that the upper layers can use.

    Encapsulation

    A packet at level 7 is encapsulated in the packet at level 6. The whole packet at level 6 is encapsulated in a packet at level 5, and so on.

    Layers in the OSI Model

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite

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