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How is the iron-band formed naturally?

The high concentration of metals like iron, copper, and uranium in highly organic soils and deposits are thought to arise from the association of metals with these natural organics in these materials. The humic substances dissolve Fe(III) from iron containing solids in the soil to form Fe(III) humic substance complexes. At the surface of the soil these complexes contain a mole ratio of Fe(III): humic substance of 1:1 ratio. As the soil water percolates down through the soil, the Fe(III) and along with more and more insoluble. At very high Fe(III) - humic substance mole ratios, the complexes precipitate out to form iron - rich layers in the soil horizon (Schnitzer).
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