:

( 1980 ) ( Micro
Computer ) ( Business )

.
100
( Pc ) .
( 1970 - 1960 )
( Main Frame ).
/ ....

. ( Mini
computer)
(Main Frame).
(Pc)
.


.

( 1980)
(COMPUTER Network)
.

(ACCESS )
( SERVER) )
(PROCESSING) . ( MAIN FROME
(PROCESSING )
( MAIN FROME ) . (distributed procession system )

(server )
.
(nodes or workstation )

.
(server ) :
1-
2-
3-
4- (security)
(pc) (logon ) (server )
(
E- mail ) (main frame )
(processing power )
( main frame ) .


. computer network
.
-
-

-
.


.

.
- plotters
- .........
.
.

( pc) minicomputer mainframe

.

:
1-
Program and file sharing

NETWORK RESOORCE SHARING
( PC)
ECONOMICAL EXPANSION OF THE PC BASE

ABILITY TO USE NETWORK SOFTWERE

ELECTRONIC MAIL

CREATION OF WORKGROUP

CENTERALITED MANAGMENT

SECORITY

ACCESS TO OTHER OPERATING SESTEM

ENHANCEMENT OF CORPORATE STRUCTURE
PROGRAM AND FILE SHORING
.
( FILE SERVER)

( PERSONAL DIRECTORIES )
( PUBLIC DIRECTORIES )
.
( database)
.
( record lock)
.
2- : network resource sharing
:
Printers, plotters, storage devices and computing systems. (Mini computers and main frames,..)
3-
Economical Exousion of the pc base
(pc) (Diskless)
(file server)
4- :

Ability to use network soft word

. ( group ware )

5- :Electronic - mail

.

6- :erection of work groups

.


( group name )

7- : Centers lizdx
.
( Backup ) .
8- : Security
(working area ) .
( Disk less ) (Down
lood) . (logon restriction ) .
9- :
Access to other operating system
.
os/2 macintosh
10- : Enchancement of corporate strueture

.
:Components of a network
((soft wore $ hard ware . :

( server )

( works stations )

( Network Interface card )

( cabling system )

( shared resource & peripherals )
-
( server )
( Network operating system )
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
( works stations )

( works stations ) . ( windows or dos or macintosh or os/2)
(Diskless workstation )

 ( server )
.
.
network interface cart
(nic)
(buic- in)

- cabling system

0
1-caaxiaicable
2-twistedpair

3-fiber optic
shered resoorcacud periphrais
1-
2- prin tevs
3- plo tlers
4-
5-

.
(pc )
.
.
: ( Network Interface card )
.
. ( ARCNET ,
TOKNRING , ETHERNET )
(ARCNET ETHERNET USE COAXIAL COBL) ( TOKN RINGUSED
TWISTED PAIR )


( TOPOLOGY )
: NETWORK MEDIM

:
COAXIAL CABLE
TWISTED PAIR
FIBER OPTIC
:
.
Transmission speed
.
Maximu m cable length

Shielding requirements

price
: TOPOLOG NET WORK

. :
( 3 )
- CAPL ACCES METHOD

 .
:
CARRIER SENSING
(BUS - TOPOLOYY)

( BRAED) ( BROOD)
.
.

( COLLISION) (CARRIER )
( CARRIER
SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS CSMA )
TOKEN PASSING -2
( RING TOPOLOGG )
( TOKEN )
( TOKEN )
( TAKEN )

.


( DESTINATION )
- COMMUN : CATIONS PROTOCOLS

.
.


THE RENGE OF NETWORK
1- LOCAL AREA NETWORK



2- WIDEQREO NETWORK

.


INTERNETWORK


netwark operating system

.
.

1- netwark operating system

(server ) . (server )
Backup .

2- : system fault tolerance

.
( mirror )

3- DISK CACHING



4-TRANSATION TRACKING SYSTUM ( TTS )


5- Security
server )) :
-
long user name
-
passward
-
.
-
.
- Resource sharing

(plotter )
- :Remote access

- : softwore management tools


. Artificial intelligence ))