Professional Documents
Culture Documents
الباب الثانى
الباب الثانى
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**
.
** :
. :
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
) (standerd protocol
.
) ( internation standerd orgnization
) ( model ) ( open system interconnection
.
) ( layers
.
.
.
.
protocol
APLICATION
PRESANTATION
SESSION
TRANSPORT
NETWARK
DATA LINK
PHYSICAL
:
-1 ) ( TOP-LEVEL
.
-2 ) ( MIDDEL LEVEL
) ( PACKADE )
.( PACKETS
-3 ) ( BOTTOM LEVEL
.
. ) ( HARDWARE.SOFTWARE
.
-:
APPLICATION LARGER:
) ( word- processing
.
.
.
:
) ( text - file
.
presantation
:
.
.
)
( session
.
:
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
session layres
transport layres
netwark layers
( packtes )
packtes
:
.
( packtes )
.
.
.
physical layers
(MEDIA ACCESS METHODS ) .
(PACKETS )
( MEDIA ACCESS )
.
( PACKETS )
. ( MEDIA ACCESS )
.
( ) .
topology
: ( media access )
carrier sensing multiple access -csma -1
.
( ( collision
token passings -2
( token )
.
: csma ( ( higher throghput -1
-2
. collision
( packets )
.
( headers , trailers ) (packets )
..... . ( packets )
(NETWARK PERFORMANCE)
: cabling the netwark
:
transmission speed -1
maxmum length -2
shielding agianest interferance -3
:
twisted pair -1
coaxial cable-2
. optical fiber -3
: ( ) :
twisted pair
.
( interferance electronic )
( twisted pair ) ( limited length for
: netwark )
-1
.
. -2
.
( twisted pair ) . -3
( twisted pair ) ( coaxial
. cable ) ( interconnected )
:
coaxail cable
( coaxial
: cable )
-thick 1
-1
-2
-3
thin -2
. -1
. -2
-3
: :
fiber optic cable
.
100 / 500 /
.
:
:
cable access methods -1
cable type -2
topology -3
:
ethernet -1
token ring -2
: ethernet lan -1
bus topology consistes of singel trunk of coaxial cable .
access method : carrier sense media access / collision detection ( csma / cd )
transmission rate 10 m b/s up to 100 m b/s .
( coaxial cable ) ( thick ,thin )
.
thick
expencive
maxmum length soo m
used as back bone to connect
multiple netwarks .
thin
cheaper
maximum length 185 m
used to wired from workstation to
the next to form single lineer
trunk and fitted with bnc .
connector which plugs into t connector