Cce Geleral Module

sb+~+qysT.....
l dTes $HjT, ]H sY, bs |d $u>+, bdt.d..sY.{., V <su<T

l .sC+<sY s &, ]H sY, bs |d $u>+, bdt.d..sY.{., V <su<T
& {.$.bdt. syTwt, ]H sY, bs |d $u>+, bdt.d..sY.{., V <su<T
& |. C s&, ]H sY, bs |d $u>+, bdt.d..sY.{., V <su<T
l jT+. b|jT , |Hd \T, bdt.d..sY.{., V <su<T
leT .sY.{.m. CssTT, |Hd s\T, bdt.d..sY.{., V <su<T
leT jTT. T>eZ T, b<jTTs\T, bdt.d..sY.{., V <su<T
b&{+ > ` deTqjT+

& mH. |+<sY s &, b|d s ,Y $<|D[ eT]jTT bs |d $u>+,
bdt.d..sY.{., V <su<T
d\V<sT\T
l . >b s &, d+#\\T, bdt.d..sY.{.,
+< |<X , V <su<T
|< q d\V<sT\T
leT $. csD, .@.mdt,
sh |< d+#\\T, sJy $< $TwH,
+< |<X , V <su<T
s+s deT> eT+q+

sB | >T]+....
u\\+<s ds eTTU_e~ k~+# #jT &yT bsX \ $<XK \ +. +<TqT>TD+>
$< \\T, $< |D[\T, bs |D[\T, bs |d \T, eT+q $<H\T +{sTT. |\\
ds eTTU_e~ sT>TTq<? @ yTs ]+~? m& |eTT+~? @+ #s \T #|{ \ ss TT+#~
eT+q $<H\T. nsTT $<+ > eed =qk>TTq<? nH~ +#*q n+X+.
bsX \ u\\ ds eTTU_e~ <T\T esT\T, |\ bsX \ $< eed |]$TyT q
|]d T \T H\=qy? |\ d++~+q n+X\ b<q, y{ nud+ #sTT+#& bsX \
deTj ydTH sT. eT+ bsX \\T $< \\ k<q w #jT & <T\T D
+<\T
(coaching centres) > esTTHsTT. $< ybseTjTeTTq~. \T, H
$\Te\T, | nqTue +,
\ T e+{ y{ |]jT&T H y{ |{+ #Te&+ <T . M{ |\ T +&e { M{ {sTT+#*q
|]jT&q T L& s d \ u<q $jdTH sT. M{ e\ |\\ T e\+ bs $wj |]$TyT
deT> $d+ qT+& <seTeTHsT. |\\ T eT {y] eTT#{+#&+ , #]+#&+ , &Te&+ e+{
y{ q+<+> eT u nqTu$ +#& <T\T eT { $<sT\ qT esT\T/ s+\ d+
b{<sT> #dTH &T. +{ |]d T \T |\\ qT u\+ qT+& <s+ #jT &+bT, y] ndV H,
qqqT |+ $Xk, deTk |]cs X , $#D
X jT #dT H sTT.
+{ n|de $<H\ >T]+ 2003 jTXb $T{ re+> $eT]d us+ $<
eXq T >T]+ us |uT y~qT deT]++~. B <s+> CrjT $< |D[ #+,2005
neT\T e+~. |\\ T q+<+>, nse ++> HsT e& |\ $<H\qT d+d]+#\ NCF <+ #d |\\ +<s HjTyTq $<qT k~+#& eT u
2005 |s=q~. M{ neT\TqT #
bsX \ $< <s nse ++>, q+<+> >&| & , u\\ V\qT |]s+ #& s+<
$<V #+ `2009 (sY.{.`2009) e+~. sY.{.`2009 u\\ ds eTTU_e~ s>\,
+<TqT>TD+> $< |D[\T, bs |D[\T, bs |d \T, eT+q $<H\T +&\ |s=q~.
+<Td+ |{ eTq sh+ sh $< |D[ |]~ |+`2011 sb+~+#sT. B <s+> bs
|D[\T, qq bs |d \T sb+~+#& neT\T e#sTT.
RTE-2009 #+
|s+ eTq sh+ s+s deT> eT+q+ u\\ ds eTTU_e~
k<q ~X> |P] ksTT neT\T se\d +~. m+<T+f |{ es eT+q+ e\+ bs
$wj\ |]$T+ e&+, M{ L& eT, s|\ MT<H <s|&&+, bs |d\
$wj \qT C| + +#TH X |]o*+#& eT+q $<H\T |]$TeTjsTT.
2012`13 $< d+es+ qT+& eTq sh+ sY.{.`2009 #+ |s+ eT+q $<H\
esT ls+ #T{ s+s deT> eT+H neT\T #+. +<Td+ sD, d+>V D
(Formative, Summative) eT+H\qT neT\T|ssT. nsTT
ksTT M{ neT\T #jT &+
2
s+s deT> eT+q+

+<T\T m<Ts=qT >eT+#&+ ]+~. keTs\ <s+> |X\T sb+~+#&+, y{
d]~<& + , >&+> #jT &+ e+{ n+X\ b<jTT\T +<T\T m<Ts=HsT. nf \T, $\Te\T,
\ T, | nqTue + e+{ n+X\ eT+q $<q+| L& ne>Vq =se&+~.
|q *|q n+X\qT |]>Dq rdT= d.d.. neT\T $<H\qT dMT+ #&+ ]+~.
#sD
j>+> neT\T #jT & ksTT y[ b<jTT\ #]+#&+ , shksTT se\T
sV+#&+ , &{ ||, |Hd \T, $wjT |DT\T, d{ ]ksY duT \ |\TesT #s \T ]|q
nq+s+ d.d.. neT\T $<H\qT |P]> ds ]+, u\\ ds eTTU_e~ eT+q+ #d
$< $<H\qT sb+~+#sT. +<Td+ sD eT+H, u<H u dq |jT \ nqTd+<q+
#d |\\ u>keT+, |d+<q\qT |]o*+#&+ , |\\ bs |d + nuk\T/ |X \T k++>
sd #jT &+ (sdq n+X\T) |\\ bC |qT\T #sTT+#&+ , |\\ \|T T| sV+#&+ e+{
k<H \ <s neT\T sT|sT. nf d+>V D eT+q+ s| |X \ duy
es&+| <w |&sT. bs |d + |X \H q~ qT e+& |\* ++|C d,
n_bj\T #|, $Xw D
+>, <q +~q J$+ nqsTT+# |X \ <s s| sV+#*
+T+~. nf bs $wj \bT (uw\T, >D + , keq, k+|T ), Xs s> $<, \ T`k+d
$<, | $<`+|PsY $<, $\Te\ $<`Jeq H| D\qT L& bs $wj \T>H |]>D+ M{
L& eT+q+ #j * +T+~. M{ L& k~+#*q keTs\qT s]+#sT. bs ,
dV bs $wj \+{ eT+q+ #jT &+ <s |\\ deT> n_e~ m|{| &T >T #s \T
#|f s+s deT> eT+H neT\T|sT ks d. ......
. >b s &
d+#\\T,
sw $<, |]X<q , D
d+d
+< |<X
~: 09.08.2013
d\ +: V <su<T.
| |*\T
|\ <s $<sT >s + \#|T+~. eT] =+<sT $<sT sX #T#dT +T+~.
|\ eT+ |* \T k~+q ysT es >s + sT>TsT. yqT& ysT sX
d V\ m& eT\ ~e+&bsT. \eT+ & s +&T s\ y]
| | L\T> j sesTT. y] q n&+ \esTT. >s + $T&d| & y sT,
y T q C H b+< b s T . s T V + +& b j T ys T . C H s q
|jT +# b sT.
` EusTT
3
s+s deT> eT+q+

d+<X+
eTq sh+ s+< $<V #+ `2009qT @| 2011 qT+& neT\T|sT dTH +.
+<T u>+> sh $< |D[ |]~ |+`2011qT sh $<, |]X<q , D
d+d sb+~++~.
M{ |s+ eTq sh+ |\ $<H\qT d+d]+#& s+s deT> eT+H 2012`13
$< d+es+ qT+& neT\TsT|TH+. +<Td+ > $< d+es+ b<jTT\+<] D
\T
L& #sT. nsTT M{ neT\T #jT &+ |< q+> sD eT+q k<H \ >T]+, >&+>
#jT &+ >T]+ b<jTT\T +<T\T m<Tse&+ ksTT |]o*+#+. { d.d.. eT]+
ds ]+ b<jTT\+<s neT\T|s , u\\ deT> n_e~ d+ d.d.. |j +# #jT &
nqTyq $~ $<H\qT mdt.d..sY.{. sb+~++~. M{ >T]+ |P] ne>VqqT b<jTT\
*+#& sB |q T sb+~+#&+ n_q+<jT+.
s+s deT> eT+H eTq sh+ |uT , |y
T jeH\ n bsX \\T
neT\T|s*. +<Td+ bsX \ |< Hb<jTT&T, eT+& eT+&\ $<~], &$H ksTT
| $<~], ksTT $<~] u< eV+#* +T+~. n bsX \ sD,
d+>V D eT+H\T deT+> neT\T ]> d++~ n~sT\T <w |{*. qq bs
|d \T L& d.d.. neT\T|s & nqT>TD+> HsTT { M{ |P]ksTT $j+#Ty*.
|\\ +<s + k++> sd #&*. d+>V D eT+q+ d+ s | |X |*
b<jTT j sT #j *. bs |d + |X \H q~ qT> e+& e] y*. |\
nqsTT+# X , $Xw D
X , #H X |+# keTs\ <s+> |X \T y*. sD
eT+q+ |\\ T k++> sd bV+ bC |qT\T #sTT+#&+ , \|T T |\ <s |\\
keTs\qT qTeT&+|Cj
T e#T. bs+ u~+q sy nuk\qT > & T , d& yT{]jT #d
sjT& bVd d+>V D eT+q+ |\\ T +<T\T m<Ts=+{sT. m bs\T |Psj
sTT
nH n+X+ +f, bs+ <s +q keTs\T k~+#&j ? n \TdT= desD #s \T
#|
& + d * \qT dT+ ~. d.d.. d] L& <.
{ b<jTT\T d.d.. neT\TqT # <y T q , H <s +> s]+#*. b<jTT\
ne>Vq $T+ sB | bT sh ksTT qT+& qeTH |X |\qT L& n+~ksT . M{ |
sVD d+ |j +#s<T. M{ <s+> k++> b<jTT |X |\qT j sT #dT y*.
s+s deT> eT+H eT]+ deTs+ > neT\T s|& $~ $<H\qT ds ]+ es<Z s \qT
sb+~+, sB |q T d \ y> qeTH |X |\T n+~+#& w #dq mdt.d..sY.{.
$< |D[ $u> duT \ | <q y<\T. sJy $< $TwH |&>J duT \ L& n_q+<q\T.
d.d.. neT\T <s b<jTT\+<s u\\ n_e~ u\T yks dTH +. d.d.. neT\T
eTq sc CrjT ksTT n>>$T> \T|s sTTH+.
4
s+s deT> eT+q+

d.d.. n+f |\ T <T. d.d.. n+f |\\ >&T\T e&+ <T. d.d.. n+f |jT ,
$<q+. ~ |\\ deT> n_e~ &&TT+~. |\\T m HsT+THsT? m& +<T\T
m<Ts=+THsT? n >T]+ b<jTT& m|{| &T # q |sT dT+ ~. b<jTT\T yT+ #j
~X sX + #dT + ~. { |\\ T n_e~ #+<&+ n+f bs , dV bs $wj \ #+~q keTs\qT
k~+#&+ |< q \ +> neT\T s>*.
n+X\+{ |q b<jTT\+<] ne>Vq *+#& sB |q T sb+~+#sT.
B+{ ueq\ ne>Vq, y{ eT+q+ #j*? keTs\T @$? sD, d+>VD
eT+H\ k<H \T, ]sT\ T, ]ws T , qeTH |X \T/ |X |\ >T]+ $es\T b+<T|ssT.
d.d.. neT\T s|& + sB | |j >|& T T+~. d.d.. neT\TqT dMT+ , ds ]+#&
&Tq+~+q dy < \H d+d , V <su<T y] sJy $< $TwH n~sT\ <q y<\T.
d.d.. >T]+ n~u<T, eTVuq>s,Y s \T \ b<jTT\ deyX+ sV+,
#]+ mdt.d..sY.{. y] dV s+ sX\\ <s dV seT+~+q & |.n+jT, dy <
\H d+d, +.|. y] | \ T. $~ $<H\T s]+, sB |q T sb+~+#&+ bZq
b<jTT\T, $wjT |DT\T, mdt.d..sY.{. $< |D[ $u> duT \ n_q+<q\T. sB |
b<jTT\ es<Z s +> |j >|& u\\ ds eTTU_e~ &&TT+< dTH +.
leT $. csD, .@.mdt,
sh |< d+#\\T,
sJy $< $TwH, +.|.
$d+ nH~ djT+> $s$ +#~. eqe&T $d+ #\H $wjT + q $k |< q+>
m+#T+{&T. qT>H $d+ #{ sqTKT&e&T. nsTT b<jTT+{ ysT $k
nqTL\yTq yesD dw+ #>\ sT. +<T=s |]d T \T, k<H \qT mqTe\dq neds+
+T+~. eTq+ |\\ H{ e> @MT #| bsTTH y] =s eTq+ @sT#d yesDyT
y] ~X sX + #dT + ~. D k<H \ d+^ d++~+q ysTT<\T |\\ qT d+^+
| dV +>H |s |ksTT. n> |<\ T |\\ =s eT+ yesD+ \T>Cj
T >* @MT
#| bsTTH ysT $wj \qT >V +#d e +{sT. nq> u\\ $k yesDyT eTTKyTq ~.
ysT n_e~ #+<\H |q qT y] eTq+ *d #\T. u\\qT |s |+# yesD+, y]
&& k<H \T ` s +& L& y] djT+ d] *+#{ <V<+ #ksTT.
+L #| e#~ @$T+f $d ssD , $d \ + s +& eT d+|Ps k~+#Ty\+f
y{ $< <s + L& \>\d +&*. pusTT <s d+ n+{sT.
d+q T jTq m+ $ks+ > #TsT.
` sVY <HsY , ~>+sY, C|PsY
~: 09.08.2013
d\ +: V <su<T.
s+s deT> eT+q+
$wjT d
.d+.
n<jT+
|J\T
s+s deT> eT+q+ ` eX ` ueq\ ne>Vq
$<V #+ 2009, sw $< |D[ |]~ |+`2011
18
nu dq+ ` eT+q+
19
eT+q+ #jT e\dq n+X\T
28
eT+q $<H\T
114
eT+q $<H\T ` k<H \T ` $esD
118
u<H u dq |jT \T ` keTs\ k<q
125
s+s deT> eT+q+ ` sVD $es\T
141
d+>V D eT+q+ ` qeTq |X |\T
157
10
s+s deT> eT+q+ ` |> qy<T
201
s+s deT> eT+q+
1. s+s deT> eT+q+

eX ` ueq\ ne>Vq
us< X + u$ wT s> >~ H\T>T >&\eT< s|~<T +{+~ n =s]
MTwH <X \ u$ wTq T +d bsX \ eed | n#+#\ $Xk e ] ++~.
$<<s eyT <T us $w]+#&+ k<eTeT+< sC+> s\T
$<s+> |<| yXsT. #<T eqT n+<] n+<TuT rdTse&+ d+ y\ d+K
bsX \\ k|q , b<jT jeT\T sT>TH HsTT. <T \T, keT, <T k+
|]Cq+, e+s D
\T bsX \\qT |+ #dT H sTT.
~ HD y| eyT. eTsy| #<Te\T eT ns, duy
esT+THsTT. ~ +<qsy T q |]d T \ <]rk+~. *< + &T\T, b<jTT\T,
yTT+ de+ #<T e n+f esT\T, s+\T eyT n |>&+ > $XddT H sT. esT\
k<H <jT+> bsX\\T |#dTHsTT. be esT\T k~+q bsX\\qT >=|
bsX \\T>, ~X |#dT q b<jTT eT+ b<jTT\ >T]dT H sT. <sD
nHs>sy T q yesD s | + ~. |\\ qT H\T>T >&\ eT< +B\T> #d y]
u V]+yd esT\T k~+# jT+\T> j sT#jT &yT bsX \\ |< q < jT+
nqT> e]bsTT+~. $<sT\T >+\ s& s> >~ Ls= #~$+< |<|<
#~$, sd, {|{ |\ yT\T jT<<+> sjT&yT #<Te\ |ses+ n
nud+ #sTTdTHsT. B+ |\\T n\dbsTT usY> |\sTT #<Te+f ujT+, &
L&q~> u$dTH sT.
~ |\\ Xs, eqd $k\MT< re |u y #|dT q ~. k+|T s D

neX+, <> jT+D e\ T> bsX \ b<T>TTq s |{ s + reyTq & ,
y\ >TsTHsT. eTdbdq k+|<jT u<H $<H\T, j+yT q eT+q
|< T \T |\ reyTq +<q sDeTeTHsTT. $c<s |]De\ H|< +
bsX \ HsT Tq #<e \qT CrjT $< |D[ #+ ` 2005 +> $eT]++~.
|CkeT+|] bsX\ neT\eTq $<H\T |\\ #H X
nDydTHjT, <s+> |+#, dH+> |e]+# <Ts\T\T> |\\qT
e]ydT H jT $eT]++~. @s & esT H#T bs |d \T, u<H $<H\T,
| | < T \T y T T< q e { | & y T @ \ +> bs X \\T | # j T &
sDeTeTHjT reyTq nu +s e+ #d+ ~. |\\ neds\T, +\ d++<+
bs+X\T, J$ nqj H#T u<H |< T \T, |\\ | *dTq &, u$ wT
7
s+s deT> eT+q+

de+MT< reyTq |uy #|T+< <sD D+ d+d]+#*q deTjT+
dqyT+ < V#]++~. |{\T |#Te&+ | sE y J$+ b<TsjT n q
deTdqT L& |]w]+#T yHeTT e\qT jsT#d $<|D[\T,
bs |D[\T, | |< T \T deT\+> d+d]+#&&+ D
neds+ > |s=+~. #<T e
n+f s> >~ b<jTT&T bs|d+ <s+> $|+# de#s eTq+>
$q&+ <, $_q \T/ | #s bZ+ eT nqTuy \qT C&+#T+ k++>
CH ]+#Te&eT dw+ > d++~. eT+q+ |] sV+# |\ T |\\ T
b+ be de#s >TsT |T>\T>TTHsH n+X me> |]$TeTeTHsTT,
|\\ T @ @ keTs\T b+es k~+#s \TdTe& nedsy T q n+X+> >T]+#&+
<T. |]d |\qT sV+#&+ n+ d+wyTq seT+> e]yd+~.
eT+q+ |< q <X + $<\\ k<q > +& | esT\T, s+\T k~+#&+
< CrjT $< |D[ #+`2005 dw+ #d+ ~.
$< V #+ ` 2009 L& |\\ Xs, eqd, k+|T , <> $k\
&& bsX \ nu dq nqTuy \T *+#\ s> s]+q keTs\qT k~+#&+
nedse T +<T |uT \T, b<jTT\T u< eV+#\ d++~. |\\ qT esT\T,
s+\ |sT & >T]#jT +& us+ $<qT n+~+#\ |\\ |> s+s+ >,
deT>+> eT+q+ #jT &+ <s y] d+|Ps $k w#j
\ s ++~.
s+s deT> eT+q+ (Coninuous Comprehensive Evaluation)

|\\ T deT> n_e~ k~+#\ +<Td+ bsX \\T u< eV+#* +T+<
sY.{.`2009 <s eTq \TdT+~. |\\T Xs+>, eqd+>, H+>,
uy<>|s + > n_e~ #+<*. +<Td+ bs $wj \bT |\\ d \ T, $\Te\T,
yK sT\T, \T, b\T yTT<\>T y{ L& |\\ T n_e~ #+<*.
s+s+ nq>....
(What is coninuous?)
bsX \ sV+# eT+H, $d ns+ |]o*+q|&T |\\ |sT>T<\

$k\ KyT q b<qee\d +T+~.
s+s+ n+f |\\ |> d+|T q, d+<s |]$T+ #jT +&
b\|& |]o*+#&+. nq> s+s+ bsX\|\, y\T|\ |\\ Xs, eqd
$k\qT s#T> eT|< |]o*dTHeT |\\ *jT+&H |]o*+#*.
nu dq b\qT >T]+ desD #s \T #|
& + <s b<jTT&T, $<] <s
#<T e #| &+, HsT e&+| djT eT+q+ #dT >\>*.
8
s+s deT> eT+q+

deT>+ (comprehensive) nq>.... |\\ ds eTTU_e~. n+f |\\ Xs,
eqd, H , CH s+>\ n_e~ n ns+ . +<Td+ $<|D[ s+q
bs , bs s n+X\qT $&$&> #& +& s +&+{ deq b<qqT e&yT . nq>
uw, >D + , dq T, k+|T + e+{ $wj \bT \ T, |, $\Te\T, s>+, Jeq
H| D\T L& b<q e&+. ~ |\\ |sT>T<\, $k\qT bs+X\ <w H
+& y] n_sT #T\T, yK sT\T, keTs\qT L& |]>Dq rdT+T+~.
M{bT dH, $XwD, ] n+X\ L& eT+q+ deq
b<qdT+~.
eT+q+ ` eX (Need for assessment)

eT+q+ nq>H |\\ |\T sV+#&+ nH ueq eTq+~.
b<jTT\T, *< + &T\T, de+ yTT+ L& eT+H |\ D+ eyT
#&& n\yT|&sT . bs |d + q de#s s+s+ { |{+ |\
sjT&yT u<H \+> e]bsTT+~. eT+q+ |] sV+# |\T |\\
bsX \|, HsT e&+| kqTL\ << |+b+~+#& <T\T> uj
+<q\
>T]#dTHsTT.
|\\ |> e|q+ #jT & |j +# esT\T, s+\T |\\ | s+s+
& *dTH sTT. eT MT< qeT THsT. b<jTT\T #<T ee& $<sT\ qT
|u $+ #d, y] X nqT>TD+> keTs\ k<q w #jT & <T\T esT\ d+
& >T]#dT H sT. n+<Te\ y] Xs, eqd $k\ ++ \TZT +~. esT\
k<H < jT+> u<H u dq |jT \T L& esT #+<sTT. eT+q+ |\\ n_sT #T\T,
keTs\ d++<+ +& @ yTT+ > k> | seT+> neT\e+~. |
|* \ k<q ny+# jT n+X\T L& #T #dT +THsTT. nd+<y T q b{ +
|\\ <> $k, Jeq H|D\ k<q e+& bsTT+~. jT{, ]q
|\ |sT sVdTq eT+q+, |\\ T rsT \ jsT, <T n eTT< yjT &
eyT &&T+< | b\qT >T]+ keTs\ k<qqT yTsT>T|s#+<T
|j >|& & + <T .
*<+&T\ Xj\T, +\ e\ $<sT\T # eqd & s+\T,
esT\ d+ b{ ||+ #+ qq >TseTHsT. |dT eT+q+ b<jT
+B+> neT\e+~. |> |\ |] |\\ n+~+# de#s+ bs $wj \|
9
s+s deT> eT+q+

eT+q+ eyT #T#dT +T+~. # d+<s\ eTq+ s+s, deT> eT+q+
sVdTH eT |{ d T q |{ bs $wj \ eyT b<qdTH +.
dV bs+X\ nq> s>`yjeT $<, \ T`k+d $<, |`+|PsY
$<, $\Te\ $<`Jeq H| D\T yTT<\>T y{ q+ b<q e&+<T . |>
s+s deT> eT+q+ n+f me> |\ T |&e TH nbV |&T TH+. $<qsj
T
s\ T, $<s+> |DT\T, b<jTT\T s+s, deT> eT+q+ jTT yTq duy
ns+ #dT e\dq neds+ +~.
eT+q+ ` |dT |]d

$< \\ eT]jTT eT+q+ #d $<q+ eT]jTT n&> |X \ d++<+
be&+.
$<sT\ nu dH e\+ s| \ <sH e|q+ #jT &+ sT>TTq~. eT+
eT]jTT |<s q\ neX+ e +&&+ .
|\ |\\ |> <s+>, u<q esT\T desDH u<q s>& +
<T . |\\ |> u> H L&, sy d\dt #| &+ #dT H sT. |\\
eH sH d\dt |P] beTTK e | nsTTbsTT+<|dT H sT.
|\\ #qX, $Xw D
keTs\qT |+ # |X \T +&, e\+ {| {
yT\T sd |X \ beTTK e&+ sT>TTq~.
nudq+ nH~ |d<]+ nsTT+~. de#s+ e&+ eT]jTT q <
jT<<+ > |+ #&+ nH~ $< |se s+ nsTTq~.
$< |D[, $< jTT eTTK <X +, ` $<] ds eTTU_e~ *q
|]|Ps eqe> jsT #jT&+. e\+, uw\T, >D+, dqT,
k+|T Xk\ b<q d, \ T, \T, s>+, Jeq H| D\T, eqMjT
$\Te\T @y e ds eTTU_e~ &&j, y{ $d]+#&+ ]+~.
u<q nu dq+ sT>TTq|&T |\\ T @ $<+ >, m+ es HsT +THsT?
m HsT +THsT? nH~ n|{| &T \TdT+& |\ es , n|&T
\TdT=, m+ eT+~ m+ es HsT =HsT nH < #dTH sT.
|\ <s+> b<jTT\T eT u<H $<H esTe&+ n_e~
|s# T e&+ >, m? @ |< #_ |* + u> edT+ < n +#&+
<T . |\\ |> e\+ y] |u by\ MT<H <s|& q~ nH~ me
10
s+s deT> eT+q+

eT+~ b<jTT\ qeT+. |\\ #<T e eH, sH n~ |\\ *$|H
<s|& +T+~. y] #<T e ys u<T \T nH |>&y T q ueq q~.
u<q nH~ |\ nqT>TD+> |\ j sT #jT &+ |\ qT <w
|T= #jT &+ sT>TT+~. n+<Te\H > & , HT, |X yT\ ke,
fdt ||sY mq b<q dTHsT. |uT bsX\ bs|d\T +>
q|{ e+<~ sbjT\T |{ |< |\\ T > & T , esTT =+THsT. M{
me eT+~ b<jTT\T es+#&+ <T . k>dTH sT.
eT+q $<H\qT { #<T e +T+~. n+f b<jTT\ |rsT eT]jTT
|\\ j L& |\ & +T+~.
CCE
eT]jTT |\ d+dsD\T
CCE
<s, | $<H\ +~ d+dsD\T |b~+#&+ ]+~.

|\\ |> n+#H yjT &+ m|& k] n +&, sD eT~+|
<s s> >~ u<H u dq+ sT>TTq|& n+#H yjT &+ sT>TT+~.
HsT e&+ nH~ C| + #jT &+ qT+& ysT |&, $<sT\ T + d++>
esD+ #jT&+| <w |{*. eT]jTT B bV+#*. >&T, >& sV
esYTqT, |\\ T eT]jTT b<jTT\T |j +# &<T . |d + bs+ +<
q |X \, nuk\ bC \ > & T \qT+, esYT, d& y T {]jT qT+&
#d sjTL&<T . $<sT\ T nuk\T, bC \ T k++> sj*. | \T
bsTTH |sy <T . k++> sjT&, ue e s D neX+ y*. $<q+
|\\ | & +&<T . |d + , > & T \ q~ qT> sd < Zero performance
> >T]+#*.
eT+q+ nH~ $<sT\ T $< |eD\qT @ yTs b+<s n \TdT=H
$<+ > +T+~. n+f $<sT\ T @ yTs nu dH \\T, $< \\T b+<sT?
n \TdTe&+ MT< X< |{*.
b<jTT\T djT+> jTsT#dT=q |X|\ <sH |\T sV+#*.
mTe+{ |]d T L& |\ d+ |X |\qT =q&+, eT+&\ ksTT
bsX \ deTT<jT+ ksTT > j sT#dq $ |j +#L &<T . b<jTT&T
qT @$T u~+#&T? m u~+#&T? @ @ $< |eD\qT k~+#&
11
s+s deT> eT+q+

u~+#&T? nH n+X\qT <w |T= |X | j sT #dT y*. |X \T
+, $Xw + , |\\ T eT k++> $e]+# $<H nqTL\+> +&*.
|\\ T eT n_bj\qT e| s # & |X \T <V<|& *. |\ T |\\ T k++>
eT |u by\qT e| s # $ <+ > +&*. yT\T y] |uq T y*rd
$<+ > +&*.
| b<jTT&T, $<]y>, $wjT y>, |\\ |> ]ds Y nq> CCE RegisterqT
sV+#*.
eT~+| nH~ e\+ s |\ <sH +&, eT+, |<s q, \T #jT &+,
bC \ T, |]o\q\T, s> >~ |, ysT sdq ]bsY\ <s L& s>*.
\ T, \T, s>$<, $\Te\T, | nqTue + yTT<\>T y{ eT+q+
u>+> #jT &+ <s eT+H deT>+> #jT &+ ]+~. (Comprehensive
Assessment).
eT+q+ deT>yT +& $<sT\T HsT=H|&T ysT #~y|&,
sd|&, \T #d|&T, T | bZH
|&T ` #s \T ]>|&T
ysT e{& $<H, $$< n+X\| ysT e| ] # ueq\| <s|& y]
|> b<jTT\T #d |]o*+ n+#q yj *. $<+ > s> >~ u<H
nudq+ s> |&T $<] m HsT +TH&T nH~ b<jTT&T ne>Vq
#dT = eT~+| #d < sD eT~+| (Formative Assessment) n+{+.
$<+ > eTq+ m|{| &T $<sT\ nu dH ne>Vq #dT = eT~+| #jT &
s+s eTq+ n+{sT. FA <s s+s eT+q+ s>*.
|\\ |> |+, n n+X\| nq> ]\+, ]\+, $<] s>+,
VsT yTT<\>T n n+X\| |> ddT+ ~.
ed y> bsX \ jeq $T{ eT]jTT *< + &T\ deyX |\\ |>
#]+#*. |\\ T #<e &+, sjT&+, \T #jT &+, q n+X+ | <s+>
e{&+ #&+ yTT<\>Tq$ *< + &T\ eTT+<T |<] +#*.
bsX \\T pH yTT<\e>H | du bs+u | sV+ | $<]
ksTT \TdT= <| j $<sT\qT @ ksTT rdTsy* n |
b<jTT&T {s{Z |Ty*. $<+ > |T q {s{Z | |> m|{| &T
\TdT= |D[ ydT = s+s+ |jT +#*. n|& eTq+ eTq e HjT+
#dq yseTe+. |< Hb<jTT&T, Target\| dMT sV+#*. bV+#*.
12
s+s deT> eT+q+

|\\ deT> n_e~ n+f @$T{?
$< <s |\\ d+|Ps $d+ k~+#\q~ $< \ + nsTTq|&T deT>
n_e~ n+f @$T{ ns+ #dT e&+ neds+ . bsX \ $< |\\ T Xs+ > m~> ejTdT
eTT&|& q n+X+ { $< Xs $k n+f |\\ T ejTdT q, s>+, mT,
sTe e+& #d+<T nedsy T q s>yjeT n+X\T, \+ y*. n> dV+,
dV s+, dV qo\, zsT e+{ yK sT\T n\e&*. ] $y#q , dH #q\T
|+b+~+#&+ , deTd\ +b+& m<TsT * deTd\qT |]w]+# HsT sy*.
eT+ yK sT\ e T n_sT *q e> ke u< s]+#>\ >*. M+{
<s $wjT |]Cq+ b+<>\ >*. { deT> n_e~ n+f |\\ T bs |d \ <s+>
CH ]+#Te&+ eyT +& Xs, eqd, <>, k+|T , k+d $k\qT
b+<&+ . +<Td+ |\ Cq+, H| D\T, keTs\T, $\Te\T |+b+~+#*. {
bsX \ $< n+X\ nu dH+X\T> |+#*. |\\ deT> $k &&
n+X\ bs+X. M{ bs , dV bs nq $u< q + neds+ <T . bsX \ *+#
nu dq nqTuy \ |\\ deT> $k &&$> e+&*. { $wj \+{
eT+q+ #j *.
s+s deT> eT+q+ m+<T?

eT+qeT+f e\+ |\ T |&+ eyT <T. jT{, f]q |\
|sT m|& k] |\\ keTs\qT |]o*+#&+ e\ y] nu dq n~ @$<+ >q
dV jT|&< T . |> $<y T q | |< |\\ T @ de#s m+ es >TsT |T>*>s
|d T + < | y] $_q keTs\qT \TdTe& |j >|& < T . eT+q+ |sT
nH s\ |\ T sV+#&+ e\q |\\ T reyTq & >TseTHsT. {|
&
neX+ *+# | |<T\T, |\\ <>, k+|T $k\qT eT~+|#jT&
|j >|& e . { |\\ |> s+s+ deT>+> eT\+q+ #jT e\dq neds+
+~. |\\ T eTT |]o*+|&TTHeT y] *jT+& eT+q+ #jT &+ e\
e# |* \T y] |qsu d+ *+#& m+>H &&sTT. uj
T sV yesD+
d#> eT+q+ #jT&+ e\ m|{|&T b\T >T]+ desD \T
sV+#& M\T\T>TT+~. bs $wj \bT |\\ ds eTTU_e~ d++~+q
d \ T, n_sT #T\T, Xs m<T>T<\, $\Te\T, yK sT\T, _sT n n+X\qT
eT+q+ #j * +T+~. n|& eT+H deT>yT q ~> u$ksT .
13
s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q \\T
eT+q+ ` |\\ T de#s >TsT |T {| { |\ sjT& eyT
< +q~ <T. s> >~ *+# nu dq nqTuy \T |\\ CH, eqd #\H,
uyyX s+>\ rdT=# esT\qT eT~+|#d yTsT>T|s# & &&*. bsX \
$$< $wj \ s|+ n+~+# de#s+ $wjT |]CH *+Z #& d]b<T. |\\
u$ J$ nedsy T q $Xc , dH ] #HX, djT eTD , ke+>
dsT u T #dT e&+ deTd\ | dT+> |d+~+#&+ , |]w]+#Te&+ yTT<q
Jeq H|D\T, keTs\T |+b+~+#&+ bsX\ u< (bH.d.m|t ` 2005). $
bs |d \ <s k~+#& bsX \ bH sq se\T sV+#e\d e+T+~.
M+{ eTq+ +e s bs s n+X\T>, dV bs+X\T> u$dTH +. y{ q+
b<q ebe&+ e\ |\ deT> $k u+ >+ \T>TT+~. n+<T# sw $<
|D[ |]~ |+`2011 bs , dV bs+X\H $u< + +& n+{ bs+X\T>H
u$+#\ (bdt.d.m|.t ` 2011) d++~. { s+s deT> eT+q+ |\\
Xs, eqd, <>, k+|T $k\ deq b<q eT+q+ #j\
s +#Te&+ ]+~. D+ s+s deT> eT+q+ @$T dT+ < |]o*<+.
|\\
CH, eqd #\H, uyyX H| D\qT |+b+~+#&+ , eT+q+
#jT&+.
{|
& , de#s >TsT |Te&eTH s> >~ |jT \ kq+ $Xw D
#q\ k++> nqTue+<s Cq sD+ #dTe& bV+#&+,
k++> eT #q\qT, uy\qT e| ] #T #jT &+.
eT+H u<Hudq |jT u>+> |]>D+#&+.
eT+q+ <s |\\
nu dq keTs\qT u<H u dq $<H\qT yTsT>|s # T
e&+ eT]jTT s+s+ |]o*d desD\T #dT e&+.
eT+q+ <s |\\
T b& HsT b THs \TdT= >T $<+ > u~+#&+ .
u<H
u dq |jT $<] +B+> k>+<T &&*.
s+s deT> eT+H u<H u dq |jT \ u>+> neT\T#j *. Be\
|\\ d+|Ps $k && $_q s> >~ n+X\T b+ es deTs+>
|j >|& T THsTT nH~ \TdTe& M\T\T>TT+~. s+s deT> eT+q+
bs , dV bs n+X\T nq $u< + +& n+{ deq b<q *q n+X\T>
>T]+ neT\T#j *.
14
s+s deT> eT+q+
2. $<V #+`2009, sh $< |D[ |]~ |+`2011

|\\ bsX \ n+<Cj
T e\dq nu dHqTuy \ H|< + e| s + >q, de
|s+>q $<\\qT sw $<|D[ |]~|+ $e]dT+~. ~ bsX\ $<
se\, bs |D[, bs |d \ n_e~ es<Z s +> \TdT+ ~. $<\\qT
k~+#& |D[<y T q \ s|\ q, u<H +X\, u<H $<H\ b+|, keT,
eT+q $<H\T yTT<q y{| |D[\T sb+~+#Te&+ nedse T sw $<
|D[ |]~ |+ d++~. <s |\ >TDyTq $<qT k~+#& M\T
\T>TT+< |s=+~.
s> ><T\qT, bsX\qT neT\T #jTe\dq nH n+X\ <s+>
$<|D[, u<H ePV\T, u<q |< T \T, keT, e|q+, b<jTT\ j , bsX \\
e]+> yTT<q $< d++~+q n n+X\qT sw $< |D[ |]~ |+
$|\+> $e]dT+ ~.
sw $< |D[ |]~ |+`2011 ` eT+q+

|\\T nudq+ @ ksTT Hs, b HsT+THs \TdTH+<T
eT+q+ b<jTT |] dT+ ~. Cq+, H| D\T, yK sT\T, $Xw D
keTs\T,
$\Te\T, H |esH e[ yTT<q n+X\+{ u<H u dq |jT \ u>+> eT+q+
#j *. ~ |\y d++~+q deT> de#s+ L&q~> +&*. n+f Xs,
eqd, k+|T , <> $k\+{ b|{| &T deT>+>, s+s+ > e|q+ #j *.
#jT &+e\ |\y D n D\ ns+ #dT e& M\T \T>TT+~.
eT+q+ e\+ s| \ eyT |]$T+ <T. ~ keTs <]+>,
$<|eD\ k<q qT |]o*+#~> +&*. eT+q+ eT | L& kq+
+&*. $<] q #q\qT, uy\qT e ] +#&, k++> sjT& neX+
*+#~> +&*. |\\ H| D\qT, $Xw D X , dHq T e|q+ #d+<T nqTe>
+&*.
s+< $< V #+ `2009 ` eT+q+

$<qT b+< VbT $< HD| L& sY.{.. <wk ]++~. b*yT+
$< >TD k<q nedsy T q jTee[ sY.{.. #+ 5e u>+ |s=+~.
bs|D[, eT+q+ sb+~+#&+ +~ n+X\T <w |Ty\
d++~.
15
s+s deT> eT+q+
sC+>+ b+<T|]q $\Te\ nqT>TD+> bs+X\T +&*..
|\\ deT> n_e~ s>*.
|\ CH, X \ qT, H| D\qT |+b+~+#*.
u\\ |P]keTs + yTs Xs, eqd keTs\ n_e~ s>*.
|\\ eTqdT\T >jT|s# +& |\\ qT sj

T +>, +<q +&
#d ysT eT n_bj\T d#> e+ #d #&*, < dV jT|&*
eT]jTT bV+#*. s> >~ yesD+ ujTsV+>, d#>
|eT|Ps+> +&*.
|\\ qT +<+> #dT = ysT HsT H |< T , nqTyq $<H nq>

$wsD, |]o\q, |]X<q , qT>=q&+ <s HsT =H u<H u dq |jT \T
+&*.
|\y & Cq ne>VqqT, ns+ #dT q $<H, CH J$ dyX\

$j+# keTs deT>+> s+s+ > eT+q+ #j *.
b*yT+ $< |PsjT+ es @ |\y&T b+{ usY | VsT

e\dq neds+ <T .
u\T&T / u* b*yT+ $< |P] #dq sT y d+q |s+ y]

< MsD
|+ y*.
CrjT $< |D[ #+ ` 2005

<X $< eed <T sD
k<q + CrjT $< |D[ #+ ` 2005.
16
& jT JeH CH nqTd+<q+ #jT &+.
{ |< T \ qT+& nu dq+qT <s+#jT &+.
bs|d +<+> +& |\ deT> $k bs|D[qT |]|w+

#jT&+.
|\ qT eT]+ ds + #d s> >~ JeH nqTd+<q+ #jT &+.
<X |Ck$T jTe\ & |\\ d \ T, n_sT #T\qT n_e~|s # & + .
s+s deT> eT+q+

sw <<+ (Vision of the State)
sw+ |\\ +<s qksTT >TD $< b+<\H~ sw |uT <<+ .
sT \| d+~+# yK sT\qT *+& u< jTTyT q bsT\T> $<sT\ T sb+<*.
eT |]ds\| |]Cq+ *+&, $eTsH+> |]ds\| +#>\ >*. C>>
$ sj
T +> e{& >\>*. $q<, #~$q< ne>Vq #dT y*. |+# eTqd +
* +&*. H| D\qT b<jTT&T |+b+~+#*. |\\ T d#> n_bj\qT
e]+#>* d+<V e #dTH+<T M\T> dV|P] nudq yesD+
u<H u dq |jT \T sV+#*. de+ qT+& HsT , HsT q < s> >~
b<jTT\T #sD |{*. bsX\qT de+ q~> u$+, bsX\ <q+~q
sb bZH*. j+, u, b{+ |sT>TTq |dT |]dT\
|d+<q, dVs >TD\ bsX\ #T *+#*. eqMjT, H $\Te\qT
|+b+~+|Cj*.
$<V#+ ` s+s deT> eT\+q+

us sC+>+ |s+ $<qT b<$ T V> ss TT+#&+ e\ sT qT+& |<\T>T
d+es\ ejTdT q |\\ + | d]> & #] HDyTq $<qT b+<*. |\\ +
bsX \ #s& + d]b<T. ysT & b<$ T $< |P]njT< =qk>*. HDyTq
$<qT b+<*. HsT +Tq $< HDyTq < < nH~ eT+q+ #jT e\dq neds+
+~. +es |\\ qT bsX \\ rdTse&+ y] eT+ $< n+< w#j
T &+
nq~ b<jTT\ H n+X+> q~. H&T n~ # <e TsTT+~. $<V#+
n<jT+ 5, dH 29 dudH 2 |s+ |\\ |> s+s+ deT>+> eT+q+
#j \ s ++~. deT>+> n+f |\\ Xs, eqd, k+|T , k+d , <>
n+X\+{ eT+q+ #j *. $<V#+ eT+q $<H s]+#|&T @
@ n+X\T |]>Dq rdTy dw+ > d++~.
sC+>+ b+<T|]q $\Te\T b+ es |\\ k~+#s eT+q+ #j *.
|\\ Xs, eqd, <> n+X\+{ nq> ds eTTU $k eT+q+
#j*.
|\\ T k~+q Cq+, keTs\T, H| D\T eT~+| #j *.
17
s+s deT> eT+q+

u\\ |P] keTs + yTs Xs, eqd X \ T n_e~ #+<j < eT+q+
#j*.
k< yTq + es euw u<q sT>T+< < eT+q+ #j *.
uj
T sV yesD+ uy d#> e+ #d eT+q+ s>*.
|\\ T CH ns+ #dT =H $<H < $$< d+<s\ nqsTT+#T=q>*>
keTs eT+q+ #j *.
$<V #+ d+q $<+> eT+q+ #jT&eT+f |\\ keTs\
k<q bT, u<H u dq |jT qT b<jTT |rsTqT L& |]>Dq rdTe\d
e+T+~. n+f eT+q+ b<jTT |rsT eTT&|&q n+X+> >T]+#*.
u<H u dq |jT X +B+> +< < nH~ eT+q+ s]+#*. n+f B
CH +& < nqsTT+#TH $<H eT+q+ #j *. nqjT+ nH~ HsT =q
CH J$+ |j +#&+ , <T |] n+X\T HsT e& |j +#Te&+
nH n+X\T eT+q+ #j *. n+f |dT + q |X \ due+ es* e+T+~.
<bT eT+q+ s+s+ >qT, deT>+>qT sV+#* { | +> usT
|\ neds+ < L& d++~.
eT+q+ deT>+>, deTse++> sV+#* n+f s] deTjT+|
bs+X\ |P]#j
T &+ L& b<jTT\ u< > $<V#+ |b~++~. s+s
deT> eT+q+ <s+> | $<] HsT =H keTs n+#Hyd < <s+>H
n<q| u<q n+~+#*. |\\ |> ysT HsT =H $<H eT+q+ #d *< + &T\T,
d+s \ deyX\ y] |> |<] +#\ L& d++~. |\\ T j s> T \
#+~q keTs\T k~+# #j *q u< j bsX \, b<jTT\< n RTE
d++~. +<T nqT>TD+> | bsX \ |D[ eTT+<T y*.
18
s+s deT> eT+q+
3. nudq+ ` eT+q+
esTTq <T deC q $<+> |\ dH, ] #q,
ne>Vq L&q $<q+~+#&+ \ +> |T H+. $<sT\ jTT deT> n_e~
< jT+> sD s> ><T \qT, u<H u dq |jT \qT *+#&+ | <w |{q |&T
M{ b eT+q+ #j * nH |X yTT<\eT+~. H|< + bdt.d.m|`t 2005,
sY.{.. 2009 |\\ |> n+#H yd|&T nudq |* b<q e+&
nu dq |jT b<qqT d s+s deT> eT+H neT\T|s# \ |s=HsTT.
n+<T |dT |]d |P]> d+d]+#\ d+#sTT.
|dT + eTq+ bsX \ ksTT sV+# |\ T |\\ deT> $k eT+q+
#jT & @ $<+ >qT d]be. $ |\\ T de#s >TsT |T |\ sjT&
eyT |j >|& jT| +q nu dq |* \qT k~+#& |j >|& e . |\\
|> n|&| &T sV+# s |\ <s n+#H yjT &+ nXdj
T +, ndeT>yT
+& y] & L& <]rdTH sTT. |]d >f \+f |\ uT |ejT
eT+q $<H\qT neT rdTsy*. n+<T q $<+ > eT+q k<H \qT,
y{ $j+#&+ yT e\qT b<jTT\T |+b+~+#Te\dq neds+ @s&+~.
< nqT>TD+> nedsy T q eT+q k<H \qT b<jTT& djT+> sb+~+#T=
sV+#&+ neds+ .
uw nu dH <VsD> #d b<jTT&T s +#Tq uc\\qT
|\ k~+|CjT&, |\ uc_e~ s>& bH s\ eT+qk<H\T
nedse TesTT. eT+q+ #jT &+ |\\ uw, ne>Vq, H| D\T, n_sT #T\bT
$_q nu dq $<H\qT L& <w |Ty*. uwqT b+<&+ n+f uw HsT e&+
eyT <T uwqT dH+>, ]+>, d+<s+>, ds + $j+#&+ .
{ M+{ eT+q+ #dT H e < nH~ eTq+ +#*q $wjT +. n+<T
q eT+q k<H\qT, $<H\qT sb+~+#Ty*. eT+q+ nudq+
n+s>+ > s+s+ ]> |jT > sV+#& q |D[qT j sT #dT y*.
n+<T eTT+<T> eTq+ +~ n+X\| ne>Vq b+<*.
1. nu dq+ yTsT>T|s# & eT+q+ (Assessment for learning)
2. nu dq+ ]>|& eT+q+ (Assessment as learning)
3. nu dq+ jTT eT+q+ (Assessment of learning)
19
s+s deT> eT+q+

1. nu dq+ ]>|& eT+q+ (Assessment as learning)
bsX \ *+# nu dq nqTuy \T |\\ deT> $k <V<|& $ > +&*.
|\\ T nu dq dyX\ bZ HsT +Tq|&T y] eT+q+ #jT & nu dq+
]>|&T eT+q+ #jT &+ n+{+. <VsD |\\ T n+X+| s> >~
]> #s \ bZq|&T ysT $wj ns+ #dT e& @$<+ > |dTH sT, eT
n_bj\qT @$<+ > e+ #dT H sT nH n+X\qT b<jTT&T |]o*+#& neX+
e+T+~. d+<s + H |\\ d+<V \qT e #jT & |jT + L& sT>TT+~.
n+f |]o\q <s |\\ T @$T HsT HsT nH~ eT+q+ #jT &+ sT>T+<qe.
nu dq+, eT+q+ ysT ysT > +& nu dq+ sT>TTq|& eT+q+ L&
+T+~. m|{|&T |\\T eTqTeTT d]#dT+ HsTe& b<jTT&T
dV]+#>\T>T&T.
<: eZs D
nH bs+ #||&T, |\\ qT eT #T q yTT\ |sT sjTeT,
y{ >T\T, b r>\T, e\T> eZ] +#eT nq|&T |\\ T eT #Teq yTT\T,
# |sT sd y{ eT&T s\T> eZ] +, ysT eTT sb+~+q >| ]bsTq T
|<] d, sy T q + <s ysT |]ds\ +& yTT\qT b r>\T, e\T>
eZ] +q|&T eT]jTT <| >| | s> >~ #]+q|&T n+f \T,
Project\ <s HsT e&+ eT]jTT @+, m+es HsT HsT n \TdT+
~. { ~
eT+q+ L& eZs D
| |P] ne>Vq sT>TT+~. n+f #jT &+ <s |\\ T
HsT HsT. Cq sD+ ]+~. |D[ <s HsT e&yT +&, b<jTT&T,
y] nu dq+| eT+q+ L& #jT e#T. < { ysT @$T HsT HsT n \TdT+ ~.
n< eT+q+ L& neT+~.@@ d+<s\ nu dq+bT eT+q+ s|e #
| ] o*< + . sD eT+ q + B | < qy T q n+X + > b< j T T& T
|j+#Te&+ neds+.
bs+X+| ]> #s \
\T, T|q T\T <s ueq\ ne>Vq
bC |qT\ <s HsT e&+
qeTH\T, e~sT\T, |{\T, >|\t T sb+~dTq |&T
dH \ bZ+Tq|&T
20
s+s deT> eT+q+

yT+ &e|+>| ]> #s bZ $wjT +| eT n_bj\T #| &+.
bs+ eT< , bs+ es q |X \ de<H\qT >T]+ #]dTq |&T.
bsX\ nudq+ sT>TTq d+<s\+{q |\\T bZ
HsT +Tq|&T, y] |d+<q\qT |]o*+ eT+q+ #jT &+ e\ eT+q+
|\\ k<q e\+ |]+#~> eyT +& nudH yTsT>T|s#Te&
dV jT|&~ > +T+~. n+f |\\ qT ysT HsT +Tq|& |]o*+ b<jTT&T q
& qy<T #dT y*.
2. nu dq+ yTsT>T|s# & eT+q+
(Assessment for learning)
s> >~ nu dq dyX\ |\\ T bZ HsT +Tq|&T y] |]o*d

$<] HsT+TH& <! @@ n+X\ +~|&TTH&T? @@ n+X\ eT]+
dV jT+ neds+ @ sy T q dV s+ n+~+qsTT HsT >\T>T&T? nH $wj \qT
<w +#T |]o*+#&+ , u<q esT #dT =H+<T #s \T #|
& nu dq+
yTsT>T|s# & #d eT+q+ n+{+.
k<sD+> eTq+ eT+q+ d+ |]o*+#&y , | sV+#&y #dT + {+.
| \qT <s+> #dT = $<] @@ n+X\ dV s+ nedsy >T]+ #s \T
#|&+ <w|&+ s><T. nudH yTsT>T|s#& eT+q+ #jT&+
|]o*+q s yTsT>T|s# & dV s+ n+~+#&+ m+ neds+ .
bsX \ sV+# sD eT+q+ B m+>H |j >|& T T+~. |\\
u>keT+, |d+<q\T, HT|d \T s #d s|q T\T, bZq \T, bC
|qT\T M+{ |]o*d |\\ |> , ysT m HsT +THsT? m& +~|&T THsT?
@$T #jT b THsT n b<jTT\ \TdT+ ~. |> \TdTe& | |\ T
|&+ neds+ <T . msT <s nedsy T q y] nu dq \T *+#&+ <s
|\\ T eT nu dH yTsT>T|s# T e& M\T> eT+q+ #dq eT+~.
<VsD bs+ eT< < bs+ es q |X \ de<H\T >T]+ yTT+
s> #]+#&+ |\\ T m bZ+THsT, m de<H\T #TTHsT |]o*+#&y T
HsT +Tq|& nu dH eT+q+ #jT &+> u$+#*.. |]o\q\ <s+> |\\
nedsy T q dV s+ n+~+ k++> sjT& &&+ nu dH yTsT>T|sT #Te&
#d eT+q+ neT+~. n+f &, s+ > HsT H|& #d eT+q+ |\\
21
s+s deT> eT+q+

nu dH yTsT>T|s# & b<jTT&T n n|{| & |jT +#~. |\\ support
#d~. { b<jTT&T s> >~, jT *+# nu dq dyX\+{ $<sT\ T
bZ+Tq $<H, @$T HsT HsT? nH rsTqT |]o*+#&+ , < yTsT>T|s# &
nedsy T q \T *+ dV ]+#&y T eT+q+. { sD eT+H
deTs+ > sV+#&+ neds+ . $<] @$T HsT H&T, m HsT +TH&T, m& | \T
#dT H sT, m& deTd\T m<TsT+TH&T nH~ e\+ | |&+ <s +& +
s> u<Hudq+ ]>|&T $$< n+X\| #s\T ]>|&T >eT+#&yT!
|\\ T @$T e{&T THsT n bs+ eT< , es q nuk\| #s ]>|&T m
de<H\T #| THsT nH < { $<] |> eTq+ n|{| &T n+#H yjT e#T.
n|& eTq+ |\\ ne>Vq *> T $$< |< T \ <s w #jT e#T.
+~ <VsDqT >eT<+.
njYT 4e s> #<T eTH&T. sE b<jTT&T $<sT\ y] dVT
>T]+ sjTeTH&T. |\\ T y] y] dVT\>T]+ sdT+ &> b<jTT&T njYT
sjT&+ |&T Tq +~ >eT+#&T. b<jTT&T njYT <>sZ y[ +~ |X \T
n&>&T. = d#q\T #&T.
dVT&+f b+<T w+
?
dVT qq$ @$? q#$ @$?
, dVT d++~+q eT+ d+|T q @~?
dVT >T]+ + @yT$T #b\qT+THe?
+#+&:
b<jTT&T njYT <>Zs y[ |+#&+ <X+ @yT +T+<
nqT+THsT?
b<jTT&T |+#&+
eT]jTT d+#&+ <s nu dq+ yTsT>eT+<?
b<jTT&T $<] @$T + dV ]+#&T.
eT< b<jTT C+ e\q $<] @$T >eTk&T ? n~ n nu dH
|]++<?
|\\
T HsT =H|&T b& yqT&s, b& +<T\ >T]neTHs, b&
bTHs b<jTT&T eT~+|, |]o\q <s >T]+ >T dV jT+ n+~+#*.
22
s+s deT> eT+q+

FA eTTK
n+X\T :
~ b<jTT&T, |\\ T *d deTqjT+> sV+#TH $<q+.
B<s |\\ ksTT >T]+ b& y] dV ]+#*, b dV ]+#* nH y{
>T]+ b<jTT\T \TdT+{sT.
~ u<q n+s>+ > s+s+ > ]> nu dq eT+q |jT . (Continuous)
~ s nu dH dV ]+#& |] dT+ ~.
~ n s\ nu dq \\qT k~+#& d++~+q~.
~ >TD due+ * +T+~. (Quality in learning)
~ |\\ T HsT e& Hs &+ (Learning how to learn) | <w |&TT+~.
~ |\\ T k~+# keTs\qT >T]+#& |] dT+ ~.
3. nu dq+ jTT eT+q+ (Assessment of learning)

|\\ T j $wj \qT b+es HsT Hs *|< nu dq+ jTT eT+q+.
$<sT\ T $$< nu dq \ bZ+ $$< ueq\qT, eeVs sb\qT, |j

H| D\qT b+<TsT. |\\ T b+~q CH =+\+ s |+ #&y T nu dq+
jTT eT+q+. ~ |\\ esT\T, >&T\ s|+ |<]eTT+~. ~
b<jTT\T < uVw\ < s +&+{# eT+q+ #jT &TT+~. ~ d+es
3 ksT sT>TT+~. nq> e d, nsy ] eT]jTT y] |\ s|+ +T+~.
$<q+ #eT+~ $<sT\ T k] $<+ > eT+q+ #jT &sT. k<sD+>
sY |Pss TTq sT y sV+# |\ T nu dq+ jTT eT+q+ qT *jTCksTT.
~ |\\ nu dq k<q | T~ sj
|{ + # |< .
nu dq+ jTT eT+q+ \D \T:
~
e\+ b<jTT\T < uVw\ <s+> |\\ |> n+#H ydT + ~.
|\\
|> |* \T esT\T eT]jTT >&T\ <s |<] +#&TsTT.
B <s |\\
+<] $<q+ eT+q+ #jT &+ sT>TT+~.
nu dq+ jTT eT+q+ |j >\T:
|\\
T k~+q |> qy<T #jT & eT]jTT sT \ *jTCjT &
|\\
T nu dq \\qT @ yTs k~+#s \TdT&
|\\
|> y] *< + &T\ *jTCjT &
23
s+s deT> eT+q+
bsX \ ksTT eT]jTT s> ksTT |\\ >TD nu H b\Te&

u<Hudq |jT\qT yTsT>T|s#Te&
$<q+ b<jTT\T >TsT+ #Te\dq~:
eT+q+ n keTs\qT |]o*+#*. |]o*+#e\dq n+X\T / keTs\|
dw +&*. keTs<] | |+ b<jTT&T djT+> j sT#dT y*.
|\\
yT|\T |]o*+q|&T >eT+q $wj \qT <s+ #dT = m&
yqT&s >T]+ y{ d]#jT & *+#e\dq u<H u dq |jT \| ne>Vq
@ss#Ty*.
b<jTT&T >V+q $wj\qT eT nudq |jT\qT yTsT>T|s#T&
|j+#T>\>*.
nu dH b eT~+| #j *:
|\\
|> qy<T #jT & | e|qT\T sb+~+#Ty*. nu dq \T
sV+#|& |\\ qT |]o*+#&+ <s eT+q+ #jT &+ #j *.
|\\
HT|d \T, & \T, bsTb *j\T, nqT\T, T y~\T, b<jTT
|]o\q\T yTT<q y+{ eT~+| k<H \T> |j +#Ty*.
|sE s>
>~ sV+# u<H u dq dyX\ |\\ |> |]o*+#*.
|\\T HsTe& dVs+ n+~+#*. |]o\q <s+>H sD
eT+q+ | n+X+| esT\T eT]jTT >&+>TqT qy<T#dT y*.
eT+q+ d+ sb+~+# |X \T
e\+ bs |d $wj |]$T+ +&
+|# d$>, VQ de<H\T e#$>, dy\T L&q$> +&*.
|\\
yT |\qT y] deT+ H d]~<*. +f |\\ # d]~~d ysT b&
d]>Z #ksT, b& | #ksT b d]#dT y \TdT+{sT. ]wy T q d#q\T
|\\ T eT de<q |\qT yT ~<T H$<+ > L& neX+ *+#&+
e\ |\\ eTqT eTT djT+> d]~<T& d<|&sT. # V+>
bZ+{sT.

e\+ nu dq |* \qT eyT +& nu dq nqTuy \qT eT+q+ #j *
(\T / bC \ T). n+<T q $<+ > e> , T \qT sb+~+#*.
djT eT+H bV+#*. s>
>~ |\\ T b<jTT ]| |sd s
|#s\T, #s\T |\\ keTs\qT eT+q+ #jT& n_e~ #jT&
&&sTT.
24
s+s deT> eT+q+

eT]= eT~+| |< T \T
sD s> ><T \ |\\ T CqsD+ #dT H nH d+<s\qT $$< sq
eT~+| k<H \T, |< T \T |j + b<jTT&T |]o*+#& M\T\T>TT+~. |\\
eT+> e{&+ #&+ , >|\ #]+|Cj
T &+, |<] +|Cj
T &+ yTT<q d+<s\
|\\ eTT |]o*+#&TTHeT y] *jT+&H |]o*+#&, eT~+| #jT &
M\T\T>TT+~. B $$< sq eT~+| $<H\qT b<jTT&T ns+ #dT e&+ neds+ .
T eT~+|
{ |\\
eT~+|
djT eT~+|
T eT~+|
|\\T ] sT *d #]d HsTe& >| \T b+>H
|j >|& jT eTq \TdT. >| eT~+| #j \+f >| + |\\ T b
u>keTT\eTHs $Xw + #&+ neds+ . n+<T $<H >eT<+.
>| sV+#& b<jTT&T d#q\T k&T .
|\\
T eT eT e> / T s|\ q\ >| LsT+{sT.
|\\
T eTT sb+~+q n+X\qT >|\ |<] ksT .
s >| |\\
T B| n_bj\T e+ #ksT .
| d#q\ <s+> ] = n+X\qT sb+~ksT .
eTs\ | >| eT eT n+X\T |<]
ksT .
s >|\T <| eTs\ eT n_bj\T e+
#ksT .
b<jTT&T q n_bj\qTL& $|k&T .
>| + |\\ T HDyTq >| y~qT e& |jT ksT . >|
ysT eT n_bj\qT $e]dTq |&T $T> >|\ n< de#s+ qsTT <
e~*yd $T*q n+X\ = D+ |<] ksT . sT \T #|~ $q&+, eT n+X+
esT\T #dT e&+ e\ $wj |P]> ne>+ #dT >\T>TsT. s >|\ysT
#| q $\Tyq de#s L& >V ksT . n+<Te\ sT y eT]+ deTse ++> >|
y~ e>\T>TsT. yTT+ s> >| | <s, |<s q <s, CH |+#Te&+,
] <s sT \T HsT e&+ sT>TT+~. (Social Learning)
25
s+s deT> eT+q+

{ |\\ eT~+|:
$<sT\ T #dq | ] | +=] |+ eT~+| #sTT+#*. B b<jTT&T
|\\ d#q*y*. nu dH+X deTse ++> |\\ T ns+ #dT e& {|\ \
eT~+| #jT &+ # > |j >|& T T+~. n+f ~ eT~+| seT+>H nu dq
|jT>L& |j>|&TT+~. nsTT s>>~ |sds+ dV]+#T+
HsTe& q yesD+ e+&&+bT |\\ ]| ] qeT+ +&&+
L& neds+ . $<y T q eT~+| yTT+ nu dq+ nud |< q be+T+~.
n+<Te\ |\\ nu dq \\|, nu dq neX\|, eT~+| | dw *+#*.
{|\\ eT~+| e\q HDyTq nudq+ n+f @$T{ |\\T eT]+ dw+>
\TdT>\T>TsT. ysT sV+q |L& |qs+#T= esT>\T>TsT.
sD eT+q+ sV+# \|T T| de<q |\qT { |\\
eT~+| #sTT+#*. b<jTT&T $<] de<q |+ sdq de<H usT MT<
sd $Xw + #*. ue+ m +~, m sksT, |<C \+ @ @ | \T #d+ ~ #]+#*.
sy de<q |\qT { |\\ eT~+| #sTT+#*. s+&T, eT&e sD
eT+H\ \|T T| de<q |\qT s+ > eT+q+ #sTT+#*.
eTs= <VsDqT >eT+#+&.
@& s> b<jTT&T ksd d+|T deyX sV+#& |# #T
` |> yTT nH n+X+| |\\ qT |qd+#eTH&T. ysT b e{&T THs {
|\\ eT~+| #sTT+#sT.
d+uwD
H $TT&T d]> d+uwD bs+_+#&T
d+<s qT> uy\T $e]+#&T
ds q eT+ d+uw+#&T
# |<C \+ |j +#&T
{ ysT#|~ $H&T
26
eT<T
neqT <T

dT<
neqT <T

s+s deT> eT+q+

djT eT~+|
$<] qT #dq | < | ||sT qT b<jTT&T q d#q\ <s+>
q H eT~+| #dT y*. |\\ T nu dq dyX |P]> eT>yTq |&T ysT k+>
HsT>\TZsT. nud jTT \T \Vq\| <s|& nudq dyX\qT
sb+~+q|&T deTse ++> HsT e& M\T\T>TT+~. djT+> +#&+ qqT
qT eT~+| #dT e&+ nu dq |jT Xe +yT q e|> |j >&T T+~. djT
eT~+| <s q nudq b\qT H >T]+ ns+ #dTe&+ e\q b\qT
de]+#Te& e>+> w#k&T. nud&T djTeT~+| <s qqT qT
|]o*+#Te&+ b<jTT u<H ePV+> L& |j >|& T T+~. nu dq
\\T, y{ b #sT y *| $<H\| ds q ne>Vq b |\\ T HsT e&+
b+ w s + > esTT+~. djT eT~+| deTd # |]cs+> |j >|& & y T >
|\ $Xk +|T +~. #* dt\ T, djT eT~+| |< q k<H \T> |j >|& sTT.
eTq |\\ X keTs\T \Tk?

|\\ X keTs\|q , y] *$\|q nd\T eTq $Xd+ e+<? q q
b\qT L& eTq+ y] e&+ <T . ysT # rdT+f m& |&y k sq
d+XjT + e+{eTT. |\\ # eTq+ m| &H uq+ e&+ |Cd T He? y] Bb\T
y*+#& nqTeT+#e? bsTT\T sCjT { <>sZ s#e?
|\y & q #T \ rdT= qe&+H y& d+| e+T+~. y&T djT+>
&Te&+H y& q+<+ +T+~. k++> q&ee+H y& d+w+ e+T+~.
|\y & djT+> n |qT\T #dT dH y&T q+<qTu #+<T&T. | d<y T q
V\q{ eTq+ |\y & qT+ V]+ ydT H +. ~ d]jT q~ <T.
qT, |\ n<Ty T q X \ T HjTH $wj eTq+ yTT< ns+ #dT y*.
ysT eT |qT\T yT #dT >\sT. n #dT e+H y] d+|. $wj \qT
eTq+ eTqdT e+#T= |\\ $k && eTq u\\ b* dsZ T \esTT.
` EusTT
27
s+s deT> eT+q+
4. eT+q+ #jT e\dq n+X\T

bsX \ $< |\\ d+|Ps $k <V<|& \q< $<\ +. { bsX \
neT\TsT>TTq nu dq nqTuy \ |\\ T b bZ+THsT? @$T HsT +THsT?
b nqsTT+#T>\T>TTHsT? yTT<q e s+s+ |]o*+#&+ neds+ . $<V
#+ s +qT> |\\ T ksTT q keTs\qT k~+#>T \T>TTHs < |]o*+#&
nedsy T q #s \T rdTe& eT+q+ #jT &+ neds+ { |\\ d+|Ps $k
eT+q+ #j \+f @ @ n+X\T eT+q+#j eTqq+ #dT e&+ neds+ .
s+s deT> eT+q+ e\+ $wj +X +& |\\ T |> ns+>\q
eT+q+ #jT &+ neds+ . @ @ ksTT\ @ @ n+X\T eT+q+ #j |]o*<+.
s+s deT> eT+q+ ` |]o*+#e\dq n+X\T
$< <s |\\ ds eTTU_e~ w#j
* { |\\ T HsT H n+X\
dw +&&+ neds+ . eTq+ +\+> $wj \T ` de#s+ \TdTe&yT #<T e>
u$+#+. @ @ n+X\sTT bs |d \ s|+ eTT+<T=#j y{ $wj \T
eyT |+ #&+ ny \yT q e u$+#&+ sT>TTq~. CrjT $< |D[ #+
` 2005, $<V#+ ` 2009, sw $< |D[ #+ ` 2011 yTT<\sTTqe
|\\ qT u$J$ q e\ T> s|~<& y T #<T e n s+#sTT. { bsX \
= b<q *q$> (]\yT @]j) = dVjT, n+ b<q $>
(`]\yT) $u +#s<T. s +&+{ $< |D[+X\T>H |]>D+ #\ d+#sT.
k<sD bsX \ $< uw\T, >D + , keTq, k+|T Xk\ eyT n~
b<q e+T+~. Xs $k <V<|& n+Xq yjeT+, &\ T, s>\,
eqd $k <V<|& \ T, JeqH| D\, <> $k <V<|& n_sT #T\T,
yK sT\T, $\Te\L& deq b<q +&*. M{ neT\T|s# & + s +&T $<H\T
|eTTK+> |ksTT. M{ dV bs+X\ |] $&> |yX |&+ . b<q *q
du \ T> |yX |b e&+. bs s n+X\T> #&&+ e\, | n+X\T be&+e\
bsX\\T M{| <w|&+<T. M{| $<sT\T, *<+&T\T, b<jTT\T, yTT+
de+ M{ nb<q n+X\T>H |]>Dk +~. n+<Te\ bs+X |P]> \>*|
28
s+s deT> eT+q+

sV+#&+ < deq b<q *q | du \ T> #&&+ neds+ . |\\ eqd
$d+ y] Xs, k+|T , <> $k\| <s|& +T+<q~. s| d + $<]
|P] $k <V<|& 75% n+X\T> q Xs, k+|T , <> $wj \ e
b<q 25% n+X+> q eqd $d+d+ bsX \ eed\ T |#dT + &&+ e\
b<$ T ksTT
q bsX \ ksTT
1. |<e T uw ` \T>T/s
1. |<e T uw
2. >D +
2. ~rjT uw
3. |]ds\ $Cq+
3. rjT uw
4. +^w
4. >D +
5. \ T, k+d $<
5. keqXd+
6. s>,yjeT $<
6. k+|T Xd+
j>,<q+
7. \ T, k+d $<
7. |, +|PsY $<
8. s>, yjeT $<, j>,<q+
8. $\Te\ $<, Jeq H| D\T
9. |, +|PsY $<
10. $\Te\ $<, Jeq H| D\T
eTq |\\ d+|Ps $k re $| + \T>TTq~. |{es dV bs+X\T> #&&

n+X e sD+ \b eVksTT. { y{ | d] b<q neds+ . +<
e&q n+X\qT ]\+ u>+> u~+#&+ eT]jTT eT+q+ #jT &+ neds+ .
eT+q+ #jT e\dq n+X\qT |]o*+qsTT bs $wj \bT |\\
eqd, k+|T, <>, Xs $k\qT L& eT+q+ #jT&+ neds+ n
nse TeT+~. |\\ |> eT+q+ #jT &+ b<$ T bsX \ ksTT 8 n+X\T
29
s+s deT> eT+q+

q bsX \ ksTT 10 n+X\T HsTT. j n+X\ s +q $<|eD\
<s+> |\\ qT eT+q+ #j *. sD eT+q+ #d|&T |\\ T $$<
d+<s\ b |d+~dTH sT, m HsT =+THsT? |]o*+ qy<T #dT y*.
|\\ T HsT =H|&T, q | #d|&T, >| |qT\qT sV+#|&T |\\ T b
bZ+THs |]o*+#*. <VsD bC | T *d |#d rsTqT, sT \
uy\qT n+^]+#/ es+# |< , \T|>\TH, HjT \D \qT, T duT >
|e]dT q |< , u>ke |]o*+#*. n+f bC #+~q $wj +X\bT |
$w j * L & eT+ q + # j T & + e\q k+| T , < > n+X\qT L &
|]o*+qeT+~. u<Hudq |jT u>+> $<] m #<TeTH&T? m
sdTH &T? m #s \ bZ+TH&T? bs+ es q |X \| #]dTH &? k++>
de<H\T sdTH &? nH n+X\{ |]o*d $<]| n+#H sy*. B
<s+>H esT\T, >&T\T y*.
d+>V D eT+q+ #d|&T |j +# s |, eT |\ e+{
eT+q k<H \ b<$ T ksTT 8 n+X\T q bsX \ ksTT 10 n+X\T
eT+q+ #j *. eT+q+ #jT &+ j s> T \ s +q nu dq |* \T
/ $< |eD\T >T]+ b<jTT\T dwy T q ne>Vq * e+&*. n+f d
d++~+q keTs\T |\ |+b+<j < \TdTe& @ @ sq |X\T,
|<T\T |j>|&j b<jTT&T dw * e+&* eT]jTT @ @ keTs\T
|+ #*. b+{ |X \T n&> @ @ eT+q $<H\T, k<H \T |j +#
D+> ne>Vq *e+&*. +{ e|syTq keTs\qT |+b+~+#T&
b<jTT&T s+s+ w#j
*. qq bs |d \ bs+ esq q nuk\T,
|X \T $<|eD\ <s+> e&HsTT. M{ |]o*+ ns+ #dT +f b<jTT\T
dT\u+ > keTs\ k<q ~X> u~ksT eT]jTT eT+q+ #ksT .
30
s+s deT> eT+q+
$wjT y> $<|eD\T

\T>T
1. $q&+, + e{&& +
2. <s+> #<e &+,
ns+ #dT e&+.
3. djTs#q (k++>
sjT&+)
4. dH esD
5. |X+d
6. |<C +, ysD +X\T
V+B
1. dTHH, uH
2. ns>VDY kY |&H
3. djTs#H
4. dH n_esD
5. |X+d
6. ysDY, Xuu+&sY
+^w
1. Listening, Speaking
2. Reading comprehension
3. Conventions of writing
4. Vocabulary
5. Grammar
6. Creative expression
>D+
1. ueq\ ne>Vq, deTd
k<q
2. sD\T #| &+`s|D\T
3. esD
4. d++<\T
5. b<+`<osD
|]ds\ $Cq+
1. $wje>Vq
2. |+#&+ ` |]\q\T
#jT&+
3. |j >\T, |]o\q\T
4. de#s H| D\T
5. ueT\T, e|\T ^jT&+, 4. b\T b&&+ , y<|]s\

$j>+
qeTH\ <s
5. q+, k sb\T
ue|#s+
|<]+#&+
6. |X+ d, $\Te\T,
Jey$ < + | d V s>`yjeT$<
1. \ bZq&+, &d]
$Cq Xd+
2. j>, <q+, k{, >&
1. $wje>Vq
NCC
2. |+#&+ ` |]\q\T
3. e>, |]ds\ |]Xu,
#jT&+
s> n\yT
3. |j >\T, |]o\q\T
4. T+ d++<\T, u<,
4. de#s H| D\T
<eT
5. ueT\T, >|\t T ^jT&+, 5. |
s>+, bwVs+, eT+
qeTH\T jsT#jT&+ Vs n\yT
<s ue|ks+
|, +|PsY $<
6. k+<s dV `
1. |eTT $j>+, edTe \
$\Te\T, |X+ d
j
Je y$ < + ` J$ 2. bsX \ se\
$j>+
bZq&+, n+s ]\yT
k+|TXd+
se\ sVD,
1. $wje>Vq
u< \T s]+#&+
2. $wj #~$
3. +|PsY <s+>
HsTe&+
ns+#dTe&+,
4. +|PsYqT $j+#&+
yU+#&+
5. ke se\T,
3. de#s H| D\T
XeT<q+
4. deTq, ke
$\Te\ $< ` Jeq H| D\T
n+X\| |d+<q
1. eT+`#&T, $#DCq+,
5. |H|D\T
desq
6. |X+ d, $\Te\T
2. sC+> $\Te\T b{+#&+
\ T ` k+d $<
3. dVq+, <jT, <qTu
1. ueT\T ^jT&+,
yTT<\>T e> $\Te\T
qeTH\T #jT &+
4. JeqH| D\T, #H
s+>T\T yjT &+,
H|D\T
n\+sD \T #jT &+
5. b<jTT\T, dV<jTT\T
2. ]>$T, {H>yT
bsX \, de+ |uT
T, n*\ T
dT\ | ds q yK sT\T
3. H{\ T, @+\
* +&&+
n_qsTT+#&+,=]j>|
31
s+s deT> eT+q+
$<|eD\y> nu dq d\T
\T>T
yTT<{< X 1, 2 s> T \T
I.
II.
$q&+, ns+ #dT e&+, |d+~+#&+ / e{&& +

sT \T #|~ $q&+| d * +{sT.
$q< ns+#dT |d+~+#&+ nq> n&q |X\ yT\T #|&+,
@> $ uy #| >\>&+ , $q< >T]+ #bsT .
|], n|] > j\T, <\ T, d+|T q\T X<> $ ns+ #dT = k+ e /
euw/ +{u w e{& sT.
d#q\T $ ns+ #dT e&+, b{+#&+ , <: s> >~ # d#q\T, \
sVD d+<s # d#q\T, \T & d+<s # d#q\T ns+
#dT+{sT.
sT \T e{& |&T ds+ V#T>T \Z T, ds u< \T >T]+ n+<T nqT>TD+>
uy >V +#&+ (|+, Xs+, d+w+, $#s+ yTT<q $) |d+~ksT .
+ e{&& + :
|\\ T eT nqTuy \qT, #q\qT d #bsT .
|\\ T eT *dq, #dq, $q y{ >T]+ #bsT . eTT $q <\ T, $\
eT nqTuy \qT C&+ #bsT .
|\\ T d#> |ksT .
bsX \, s> ><T eT neds\d+ d#> e{& sT.
q q <\ T k+e #bsT .
> j\T, b\T, d+uwD\ ks+X k+e #bsT .
ese \ Vk\T, Bs\T, n\bD\T, eTVbDs \qT dw+ > |\*. nf
>TD+s \qT, ~, d+jTTs \qT L& dw+ > |\TsT.
e{&
|&T dc#sD
, uw #+~q jTe\ & nq> nse ++>
q+ } e{& sT.
32
s+s deT> eT+q+

III.
<s+> #<e &+, ns+ #dT e&+:

= ns $&$&> >TDd #<e +& ns+ #dT =+ #<T esT.
\T, eTT~+X\qT }Vd #<T esT.
#<T eTq n+X+ y\qT, |<\qT, ns \qT dw+ > >T]+#*, #<T esT.
u\>j\T, q q <\ T, d+uwD\T, sH / < \ T, > jT <\ T #<T esT.
ns+ #dT y*. k+ e #| >\>*. > j\qT \jT<+ > b&TsT.
$\T, > j\ bd|< \qT, +|<\qT, < qqTsD
|<\qT, \ |<\qT
>T]+#*. y{ uy >V ksT .
bsX \ 1, 2 s> T \ ksTT #+~q u\kV+ <: yqqT\T, < y#\T
e+{ |d \qT #<T esT. k+e #bsT . ($<d+es+ |\\ T d+
30 |d \T #<y *.)
IV. djTs#q
(k+e sjT&+):
|\\ T s +&s> |Psj
T d] ds | < \T, >TD+ |<\T, T\ |<\qT | +&
sksT . nf eT *dq |<\qT k++> sksT .
<: +Te\T, | \T, edTe \T, |P\T, |+&T, Ls>jT\T, T+duT \T yTT<\>T
y{|sqT |+& sksT.
nf eT *dq, $q, #~$q, #dq y{ >T]+ k+e 2, 3 y\T
sksT.
|\\T eT *dq y{ y\s|+sd|&T nse++> |P] y
sksT.
ns \qT, |<\qT n+<+> sj*. |<\eT< ds q <s+ sj*. <wsV +>
sksT.
V. |<C
\+:
ese \, >TD+\T, T ns \ |<\qT ]ksT .
> qT&
T, n+] e+{ uc& bZ |<\qT jTeqTks+ #bsT ,
sksT.
bd|< \T, +|<\T, < qqTsD
|<\T, *dq |<\ y\T #bsT , sksT .
VI. dH esD:
|\\ T eT uy\qT ueT\T ^jT&+ <s e| s T ksT .
eT, *, |<s H sb\ e| s T ksT .
33
s+s deT> eT+q+

s +&e<X 3, 4, 5 s> T \T
1, 2 s> T \ k~+q keTs\bT |\\ T +~ y{ L& k~+#*.
I. $q&+ ` ns+
#dT e&+, |d+~+#&+ :
sT \ #q\qT $ ns+ #dT e&+, q n_bj\T (csTTc\T, n+^]+#&+ ,
n+^]+#b e&+ e+{$) e ] ksT .
sT \T #|~ $ ns+ #dT = |<\T, y\T sksT , k+e #bsT .
|\T, s &j , {.$., e+{ |ks e< e\ ys\ T, se\T #d, $
ns+ #dT >\>&+ , ] #bsT .
q q |d+ >\T, |Hk\T $ ns+ #dT +{sT.
n|] <\T, d+uwD\T, >j\T, |<\T $ ns+#dTe&+, k+e
#bsT.
$$< dyX\T, d+|T q\ #+~q d#q\T $ ns+ #dT = nqTd]ksT .
q n+X\| + e{& sT.
II. + e{&&
+ :
eT uy\qT, nqTuy \qT, n_bj\qT k+ e dw+ >, eT|< #bsT .
eT *jT n+X\>T]+, d+<V\>T]+ b<jTT\bT sT\qT
sj
T +> |ksT .
#s bZq&+, eT n_bj\qT #bsT .
*dq, #dq, $q n+X\qT b<T{y] nse TjT eT|< #bsT .
s> >~, & jT $$< dyX\ d+<s+> ds q uwqT |j +
e{&sT.
e{&
|&T <> qT+& $Xd+ q uy\qT #bsT .
III. <s+> #<e
&+, ns+ #dT e&+:
|\\ |d \| d |+#&+ #<e &+ n\yT> esT+{sT.
bs |d + $$< sb bs+X\qT (|<\T, b\T, > j\T, < \T,
yk\T, d+uwD\T, > jT<\ T) #~$ ns+ #dT e&+. M{ eTTKyTq uy,
ks+X+, #q\qT nHw+#T bs+X\qT T> |]o*ksT .
#<T eTq n+X+ =| < \ ns\qT d+<s { >V ksT .
34
s+s deT> eT+q+

#<e &+ <s sT \ n_bj\qT ns+ #dT y*. Cq sD+ s>& + . q+<,
d+| b+<TsT.
bds T , |
q\T #~$ ns+ #dT +{sT.
$$< sb\ u\kV+ nq> <\ T, H{\ T, ys| \T, K\T, #s
yTT<\>T y{ <s+> #<y *, ns+ #dT +{sT.
bs |d + es>\ |T +Tes|+ |< |{ \ qT |j + ns\qT >V +#&+ .
\qT, bs+X+ b\>\>&+ , $Xw k sT .
#<T eTq n+X+ b\qT ns+ #dT +{sT.
yeTq, dTeT, \T>Tu\ e+{ dT\uy T q |<\qT s>jT T+ > #<e &+, uy
>VksT.
q n+X\ <s+> |X \ CyT\T sjT&+, b|\qT >T]+#&+ , ns\T
>V +#&+ , o]\ T ss TT+#&+ , $wj eT|< neTsTsT.
IV
djTs#q (k+e sjT&+):

#<$ q, $q, #dq $wj \qT, <\ T, q nqTuy \T, csTTc\T yTT<q y{
>T]+ k+e sksT .
sd|&T $seTV* b{+#>\ >&+ . $wj d+|T H eT+ sjT>\>&+ .
n+<+>, <wsV +>, dw+ > sksT .
sd|&T d+|Ps y\qT nse ++> ds q |<\qT |j + sksT .
q qq $wj d]+ < >T]+ sksT .
#~$q n+XeTT ks+X / uy sksT .
}V+ < H kq+ +f @+ #ks sjT>\>*, j d+<s\ eT
nqTuy\ >T]+, #dq d+|Tq\T, |+&T>\T, Cs\T yTT<\>T y{ >T]+
sksT.
wy T q y{ >T]+, we TT y{>T ]+ q uy\qT k+e sksT .
*dq <\ qT, d+|T q\qT k+e sksT .
bs+X\ b\ >T]+, d \ >T]+, d+|T q\T, ks+X\T yTT<q y{
k+e{ sksT .
q n+X $e]d, deT]d < $u~ d, eT n_bj\qT \T| {
s +&T |s\T sksT .
35
s+s deT> eT+q+

V.
|<C \+:
|<C d+<s+> |j +#>\ >*. k+ y\ sksT .
#<T eTq n+X+ |<\ deHs |<\qT, es |<\qT, ns\qT >V +#&+
y{ d+<s { >V +#&+ , d+<s+> $jksT .
$$< d+<s\ #+~q |<C nse ++> $jksT .
d+<s { ns\qT, HHs\qT, |sjT|<\qT >V ksT .
$\T, > j\T, b\T, <\ \ |<\qT >T]+#&+ . Xk +<s #+~q
bd |<\T, <qqTsD |<\T, + |<\T yTT<\>T y{ d+<s+>
$jksT.
s $wj \ #+~q k+ (b]uw) |<C ns+ #dT >\>&+ , nu dqqT
yTsT>T|s#T+{sT.
|< |{ \ T, > qT&
T e+{ uc &\ <s d+<s+> |<\qT sksT .
VI.
dH esD:
> j\qT b&+#>\ >&+ , > j\qT s>jT T+ > b&>\ >&+ , n_qsTTksT .
<\ qT b&+#>\ >&+ , ys eTT+|\qT e>\>&+ . o]\ qT dksT .
<\ b\qT e] ] <q T sksT .
b\ duy $e]+#>\>&+. b\ \D\qT dsD+> $e]ksT.
<: besT eT+ysT? b+<T?
| be]~? b+<T?
#&y sT besT? b+<T?
d+uwD\T, <\ T sjT&+, e]+ sjT&+, }V+ sjT&+, < sjT&+
e+{$ #ksT .
j&{ sksT .
~q#s bT csTTc\>T]+, q nqTu T\>T]+ & sksT .
b<jTT\, $TT\, +<T e\ K\T sksT .
bsX \ deTd\ >T]+ Us|+ |< Hb<jTT\ *jTCksT .
wy T q $TT&T, +<T e, |+&T, , b++, +Te, b, < yTT<\>T y{>T ]+
dsD+> sksT .
36
s+s deT> eT+q+

d#q\T, <s\qT>TD+> < sjT&+, \T ^jT&+ y{ >T]+ e]ksT .
> jT<\ T, <\ b\qT >T]+ d+uwD s|+ sksT .
<\ qT Hs D
#ksT .
\T ^jT&+, qeTH\T j sT#d |<] ksT , $e]ksT .
bds T , n_q+<q |\T, Vq |\T, ^{+> sT\ T, edT\ j , qeTH\T
jsT#ksT.
VII.
|X+ d:
k+> y& $$< uc |jT \qT |X+ dksT .
<: >TZ <\ T, Ts< \ T yTT<q $.
{ |\\ T sdq n+X\qT, ^dq \qT |]o*+, ns+ #dT = n_q+~ksT .
s uw\ #+~q |\\ T e{& |<\T, y\T ns+ #dT e&+. ysT \T>TqT
$j+#&+ dV ]ksT .
s> | neds\T >\ |\\ nu dq+ dV ]ksT .
$$< eT\, uw\ #+~q |\\ T b& b\qT y] *d b&TsT.
{ ysT, eTV\T, s esZ\T, s d+dT\T, de\T #dq y], uc X*
|X+dksT.
VIII.
uwqT >T]+ \TdT+<+:

|<\ Vd, Bss \, n\bD, eTVbD ns \qT dw+ > |\&+ &qT
>T]ksT.
y sDe ns+ #dT +{sT. (Syntax).
ucu>\qT ns+ #dT = y+ >T]ksT .
y\ HeTy#, j$XwD\qT >T]+#&+, |j+#&+. <VsD\T
#bsT.
y+ |<\ eT< d++< >T]ksT .
|<\ duy >T]+ eZ] ksT .
@e#q+, VQe#q+ sb\qT ns+ #dT +{sT.
u , ese q, u$ wY j sb\qT >T]ksT .
37
s+s deT> eT+q+

s uw y sDe euw ysDeT+ b\TksT .
\ nqT>TD+> jT \qT |j ksT .
y\ s\qT (keq, d+jTT, d+w) >T]ksT.
jsV y\T, s, s, jT\qT, $u\qT >T]ksT, |jksT.
eT&e <X 6, 7, 8 s> T \T

b<$T ksTT k~+#*q keTs\bT +~ keTs\qT 8e s>
|Psj
T d] k~+#*.
I. $q&+ ` ns+
#dT e&+, + e{&& + :
|d+ >\ u< \qT >T]+ ne>Vq n_bj\T e ] ksT .
q d+|T q\qT e]ksT .
|< > jT uy\qT $e]ksT .
= |<\ uy\qT }V+#&+ , ds q ~X #\qT e ] ksT .
II. <s+> #<e
&+, ns+ #dT e&+:
bNq kV #+~q |<\qT, <\ qT, >+~ uw s#q \qT (<\ qT) #~$
ne>Vq #dT +{sT.
yds |+ n+X\qT, K\qT #~$ ns+ #dT +{sT.
$_q sb kV |jT \qT #~$ ns+ #dT +{sT.
#<T eTq n+X \ n+X\qT >V +#&+ , q o]\ T dksT .
#<T eTq n+X\qT $Xw + |d+~ksT .
| k ys\ bT b#Ts+ b+~q d+|T q\ #+~q ys\ qT #~$
ns+ #dT +{sT.
III. djTs#q:
<X, XeD, |ks eT< e\ #+~q se\| n_bj\qT * s|+
e|sTksT.
bs\ >T]+ d n+X\ s\T, ks+X\T sjT&+. d \T, b\T,
e\ T, d+|T q\T, e\T, s#s TT\ >T]+ k+e sksT .
38
s+s deT> eT+q+

#~$q, #dq, $q, *dq, n+X\T >T]+ d+| + >/ $es+> sksT .
|X \qT ns+ #dT =, y{ duy nqT>TD+> |jT Ty T q uwqT |j +
q de<H\T sksT .
sd|&T $seTV\qT |j +#&+ , keq, d+jTT, d+w y\qT sksT .
IV.
|<C \+:
#<T eTq n+X | , $ |<\qT >T]ksT .
#<TeTq n+X Crj\T, kyT\qT >T]+#&+. y{ ns+ #dTe&+,
] d+<s+> |j ksT .
#<TeTq n+X\ ny+ |<\ ns\T \TdTe& |T+Te\qT
d+|~ksT.
djT+ n< jTq+ <s ns\qT >V ksT .
ys | |<C #+~q | , uc &\ qT k~+#&+ n\es#T +{sT.
d+~, ded |<\qT >T]ksT , d+<s+> |j ksT .
e+&* uc sb\qT >T]ksT , $jksT .
V.
dH esD:
*dq, #~$q, $q, #dq n+X e]+ #bsT , sksT .
@b_qjT+, bbwD #ksT .
d e+ <s+> <\ T n\TsT.
bd|< \T, *dq |<\T |j + qq $\T sksT .
djT nqTuy \qT, dH+> e| s T ksT .
q | q\T, H{dT \T, Vq |\T sjT&+, Xu+\ T *| sT\ T, s| \T
jsT#ksT.
$TT\ K\ |K\T sksT .
<sU dT\ T sksT .
#~$q n+X nqT>TD+> uy \T ^ksT .
39
s+s deT> eT+q+

qqT >T]+ sksT (<\ T sksT ).
HsD d+uwD\T sksT, HsD #ksT.
e+ / n+XqT>TD+> de |jT T H<\T sksT .
y\T sksT .
> j\qT |P]+#&+ , =$ sksT , n_qsTTksT .
ys\ qT sksT .
sq T ^ksT .
d+ uwqT |j ksT .
bs+ d+<X e ] ksT .
}V\qT esH+> e]ksT.
bs s eeVs sb esTsT.
bds T j sT#ksT .
Crj\qT |j d s#q \T #ksT .
Cq|< * (Ts< e+{$) |<] ksT .
edT\T j sT#ksT .
VI.
|X+ d:
s uw\ #+~q \T, > j\T, b\T $ ns+ #dT e&+, |X+ dksT .
s eT\ #+~q |+&T>\T (se\T) y\ bZq&+, y{ ns+
#dTe&+ |X+dksT.
j uw $_q kVr|jT \qT #<e &+, q+<qTu , (skqTu ) b+<&+ ,
|X+dksT.
s uw n+X\qT ns+ #dT = euw nqTe~ksT .
u*\T, | neds\T\ |\\ >=|H, H|D >T]+ |ksT.
<: # > b\T b&&+ , e{&& + , ueT\T ^jT&+ yTT<>Tq$.
| neds\T\ |\\ qT ns+ #dT = y] dV jT dV s\+~ksT .
$ ns+ #dT = |X+ dksT .
k{|\ _sT >T]+ |X+ dksT .
40
s+s deT> eT+q+

e+&*\qT ns+ #dT e&+, y{ | q T |X+ dksT .
e<T\ | >sy, <s |<] ksT .
| / $w ys\qT d]+ |<]ksT.
z&bsTTq Tq >=| >+f, yqT |X+ dksT .
s uc d+|<j >=|<H n_q+~ksT .
eTq Vk\qT d \TdT+{sT.
n eT\ >=|<H >V ksT .
dT d++~+ |]o\q #dT +{sT.
Je y$ < + >=|<H >V + n_q+~ksT .
|\\ dV+> +& |<\ >=|H >T]ksT .
X+ du bZq&+, ||+ #X+ ne>Vq b+<TsT.
edTe \ / |<s\ n+sZ >TD\qT >eT+#&+ (|s +, deTT<+)
dede bZ+Tqy] dyuy, >=|<H >V ksT .
eTq uw kyT\T, Crj\ s uw>\ deHs \qT \TdT+{sT.
VII.
uc+X\T:
y s\T, u< \T >T]ksT .
y\ $u \ T, |$u \ qT >T]ksT .
VQe#q sb\T @s& $<H\qT >T]+ dr]ksT .
|<\qT \|&+, $&BjT&+, |<\T *d d+<s+ ]> esT\qT >T]+
dr]ksT.
n\+s\T, #+ <dT d++~+q b<$ Te>Vq b+<TsT.
essu < |<\T @s& $<H\qT d+<s+> >T]ksT . (ns + , |<+ , y\
ksTT\).
s uw e# ess y\T j sb\ esTqT >T]ksT .
41
s+s deT> eT+q+

H\Ze <X 9, 10 s> T \T
I.
ne>Vq ` |d+<q:
k sb\qT $, #d |d+~ksT .
|d+ >\T, |Hk\T $ |d+~ksT .
|#s |ks k<H \ uc sb\qT, = b&\ qT ns+ #dT +{sT, |d+~ksT ,
Xdj
T +> $Xw k sT .
*< + &T\ uw, , HqeT, neTeT\ uw, |ks e< e\ uw, b<jTT\
uw, q uw\ eT< &qT >T]ksT .
$q, #dq n+X\| e{&& + , d~eTs #ksT .
bsX\ y\T, $$< ~Hy\ d+<s+> d#> bZ $Xd+
e{&sT.
#~$q < $q n+X\ >T]+ ]+> #]+#+, |ksT .
#<T eTq n+X #+~q uy >V +#&+ , \ |<\qT >T]ksT .
ys| \T < s | ke+X\qT #~$ y{| |d+~ksT .
H|< +X\ d+ eT\ >+<\qT #<T esT.
d>
Tq H\ eT&T <\ |d \T, ed |\qT #<T esT.
s#q X u< \qT nqTd]+ #<e &+, = b&\ qT >T]ksT .
uc y#\T, uws bs|d uc se >T]ksT.
q n+X+| n|{| & e{& sT (d<uwD+).
|\\ T eT deTd\ b< + eVd e{& sT.
_H_bj\T, $sT< uy\T, |TsD yesD+ L& d+jTeTq+
eeV]ksT.
II. esD ` dH
<\ qT, $Cq Xk+X\qT, \+X\qT, $$< |jT \qT #~$, ns+ #dT =
k+e sksT .
|d+ >\T, |Hk\T, #s \T $+ eTTU+X\T sksT .
#~$q n+X\ >T]+ m|{| &T eTTU+X\T sksT .
42
s+s deT> eT+q+
III.
q |X \qT>TD+> $Xw D
+> yT\T sksT .
n|] n+X\qT #~$, |X \ yT\T sksT .
j&{ |\T, <sU dT\ T, X\ / bsX \ |yX |\T yTT<\>Tq$ deT+>
|P]ksT.
#s \T, d+y<\qT $, y{ eTTU+X\ <s+> q n_bj\T sksT .
deTk<] yk\qT sksT .
|jT \qT < qT+& eTs= s|+ esTksT . <: <q T > jT+> <q T
d+uwD> |< + <> .
s| \T, y~\T, Vq |\T sjT&+. $$< s\ K\T sksT (e> /
n~]/ |\)
uc d+|T + duT \T> #], bsX \ |\ (e>CH ) s|\ q u>keTTsT.
q *dq $$< |jT \ s#q \T #ksT .
uc, k+d y$ <\ | kqTL\+> d+~ksT .
euw n+X\qT q *dq s uw nqTe~+#&+ . s uw\ qT+&
euw nqTe~ksT .
qT #dq, #~$q n+X\ | |X+ k|Ps+> sksT .
de+/ s> VQ uc >T]+, n_q+~ksT .
| eds\T >\ |\\ |, &|\ \ | dV qTu eeV]ksT .
|\\ T @<H n+X m+| #dT =, d++~ de#s d]+#T=, eTB] +
$Xw D
+>, \+> sksT .
q *dq s uc |jT \qT b\&+, |X+ dksT .
uc+X\T (|<C \+, ysD +X\T)
$$< s+>\ #+~q (&\ T, d+^+, $Cq+, sD+, eekjT+, y< +, k+
Xd+ yTT$) |<C \+| |Tk~+#&+ . |< $CH eeVs+ |j ksT .
bNq kV #+~q |<\ |T +Te, \sT e, $Cq ds d+ +{ |d \qT
$j+ ns\qT >V ksT .
$$< |<C \ #+~q ns| ] DeT+ >T]ksT . (nsy #+, nsd + #+) <:
eTTw ` _#+.
43
s+s deT> eT+q+
IV.
qT&s\T, Crj\T, kyT\T yTT<\>T y{ $Xcs\T >V ksT , |j > $<q+

\TdT+{sT.
eT\ T, HHs\T, |sjT|<\T, | $T\T, e#H\T yTT<\>T y{ >T]+
d+<s+> |jksT.
|< , > jT, e#q s#q jTe\qT >T]+#&+ . eeVs+ y #+ <,
n\+s\qT >T]ksT .
| / |s <H \T s|+ qT+& eTs s|+ esTksT .
s+ sD y u<\T >V+, |jksT.
euw/ bNq uw y\qT <T yeV] s|+ esTksT .
b]uw |<\T (eTT, VQeTT, Xs + .... yTT$) ns+ #dT =, deTs+ >
$jksT.
$$< s#q \ X u< >T]ksT .
ucsb\T
bC | sVksT .
e>Cq T, d+\ s|\ q #ksT .
u\$ dyTH bZq&+, sVksT.
bsX\ sV+# k+d sb bZq&+ ` sVksT.
kV s|\T (uT eq $jT+.... yTT$) sVksT , bZ+{sT.
44
s+s deT> eT+q+
Zey Nq - uoy
Ezuqo tqoL
1.
- z
uY Nz z oYyo N NTz@
Tyo Nz z oYyo N NTz@ z T NTz@
Ey t-t Nz z oYyo N NTz@
uNy s, Ny Eut Nz z oYyo N NTz@
, Nz o NTz@
oo Nz Nz o NTz@
\ Nz oYyo N NTz@
Qz Ny oE Nz N NTz@
\ Nz N NTz@
u L uNy N|N Nz z oYyo N NTz@
n{ Nz u oYyo N NTz@
t{uN \y zT Ez y oE Nz N NTz@
Yzb Tz suN uYuNn uN N N Noz FN m| N NTz@
utz Tz u z uo EXZF o NTz@
uY tzQN Ny NTz@
Zzbz-Zzbz Nz G tz NTz@
Ey Ny Nz ETz g NTz@
2. Es|Tm
Nz s j
Tyo EL Eq E{ t Nz Y N j NTz@
t Nz Eo Y N G
T NTz@
45
s+s deT> eT+q+

uY tzQ N t os M j NTz@
m| jN GNy Y m| Yb| N NTz@
mz Nz \zgN j NTz@
t jN \zgy NTz@
t jN GNz GXYm N Eo ^ NTz@
m| E{ Nz \zgN t j NTz@
Moq E{ unq j NTz@
jN G tz NTz@
Nue z t Nz Es| tNz jj N j NTz@
e EL t Nz j N uo ouN uQ NTz@
uY E{ uo M jN \zgy NTz@
mz Nz jN Moq Nz u|m Ny uN ^ NTz@
uY os M Nz uN Ny j NTz@
t j N zz t
e Nz u Nz j N uNz N? uNz N? Eut Nz G tz NTz@
T NTz@
3. yY
m| uQ NTz@
Moq uQ NTz@
unq uQ NTz@
L uQ NTz@
uY Nz uQ NTz@
Eq z z t N uQ NTz@
Eq TN uQ NTz@
46
s+s deT> eT+q+

mz E{ E z z t N uQ NTz@
utz Tz Eq Nz uN t uQ NTz@
uu z t ouN y s uQ NTz@
-uq, T Nz uQ NTz@
M tzQN uQ NTz@
Qz Nz uQ NTz@
Qz E u z uo Ty Nz uQ NTz@
uY Nz z oy-Y M uQ NTz@
EN Nz Eq uQ NTz@
o|y N t uQ Noz @
u u \ Nz uQ NTz@
Moq z z z t uQ NTz@
uY tzQN oE Nz uQ NTz@
utz Tz t z M NTz@
t Nz Es| ow uQ NTz@
Nzo Nz E M NTz@
utz Tz t Nz ETz j NTz@
tNz z Es| jj N uQ NTz@
uY uQ NTz@
47
s+s deT> eT+q+
o Nq - uoy
Ezuqo tqoL
1.
- z
uY tzQN oYyo N NTz@
t-t Nz z N NTz@
e N M? M? N{z? Eut Nz G tz NTz@
e Ez Nz u Ez uY N NTz@
utz Tz u N m| N N NTz@
n{ Nz z o NTz@
utz Tz u Ny GzuTo Nz z o Noz @
uNy Fo N m| N NTz@
zN-wn Nz z o NTz@
Tyo, tzz Nz s T NTz@
Ny NTz@
Nu, zQN Nz z o NTz@
tz Ny N NTz@
2. Es|Tm
Nz s j
e uo u Nz jN \zgy NTz@
e jN u uo Nz G tz NTz@
e jN M Nz N uQ NTz@
e uNz M N \{z E Nz zQuNo N NTz@
48
s+s deT> eT+q+

e Ez Gm uY [" "] uo M Nz Y N j NTz@
e uNz M N? M N? N N? uN uL N? Eut Nz
G tz NTz@
M jN ( /) y To (X) N uY T NTz@
M jN To o|y NTz@
e N u j N Gz \gy uMo NTz@
e j N zuo uMo zQuNo N NTz E{ uQ NTz@
M j N e Nz E t Ez z M uQ NTz@
Nz uY j N GNz uQ NTz@
M j N y uN z uMo s Ny uo| N NTz@
M j N EzN t Nz uL LN t uQ NTz@
e Ez z t Nue t Nz Es| tNz j N ^ NTz@
3. yY
e Nz u z uo M? N? N{z? Eut Nz G uQ Noz @
Zbby- uQ NTz@
ouN N um uQ NTz@
EXZy Eto Nz z uQ NTz@
n{ Nz z uQ NTz@
uNy LzuouN s Nz z uQ NTz@
tzz uQ Noz @
tzz Nuo N uQ Noz @
Nu uY uQ Noz @
49
s+s deT> eT+q+

Nzo Nz E EXZzt, e N uQ Noz @
utz Tz u Nz z Y-Z: M uQ Noz @
4. t
u z uo t uQ NTz@
t Nz y Es| uQ NTz@
t z M NTz@
t Nz ET N y y|N, GzT, T| Eut z uQ NTz@
t Nz Es| ^N t| GN zT N NTz@
t Nz Es| ^N GNz uz os Y uQ NTz@
oN y t, \zgy z t uQ NTz@
T| zy z E, \oE, uq n{ Fnut Nz YN uQ NTz@
\zgy z t Nz uN M NTz@
t Nz Eo tzoz L j NTz@
5.
Ny o
-T Nz ^N e Gz zQuNo N@
M u|m Nz N Nz ^@
M t Nz yY Nz ^@
t Nz ^N GN Ty|Nm N@
LNY, Y t Y@
z z t uQz N oyN ^@
Gtm Nz E r t ^N M zQuNo N@
, o, E t N zT N y M N u|m N@
50
s+s deT> eT+q+

| t zQuNo N@ | Nz ^@
uzm t Y@
| t ^@
t jN uT Y@
uN t Y
uN uzm t Y@
t N Es| ^N GN zT z M N@
utz Tz M Nz uyos|N M uuo|o N@
6. w\nN
EuuMo
utz Tz u Ez uY Nb N@
Nzo Nz E utz Tz u Nz z EXZzt uQ@
Nuo, Ny, m Eut Nz ETz j@
Zbby , uNy s N m| Noz L uQ@
utY| / gy uQ@
Tyo Ny Ny u tN uQ@
m ETz j / uQ@
Y Nz E uY @
EnNs uQ@
bNyNm N@
uY N m| N@
51
s+s deT> eT+q+
Ee Nq - uoy
Ezuqo tqoL
1.

- z
Tyo, NuoL T NTz@
nN z T NTz@
Eu N NTz@
ET-ET uE (Nuo, Ny, t Eut) Nz e ^ NTz@
ro, z Tz, tzQz Tz u Nz z Ez t NuN z N NTz@
uMo os e EL Nz z Ez uY N NTz@
ET-ET tz Nz E GuYo N zT N NTz@
e N Ez t N NTz@
e e z uo uY Nz z YY| N NTz@
Nuo/e Nz y|N Ez uY EuMo N NTz@
e EL um Nz E E Gtm tz NTz@
tzQz z Tz tz Nz E Eo b N NTz@
2. Es|Tm

52
Nz s j
e Ny uE Nz EN Nz s j NTz@
jz L E Nz z N{? M? N?........ \{z Nz G tz NTz@
jz L E S t, uz t Eut Y NTz@
jz L E Nz ts| t| Nz E Tm N NTz@
jz L E ^ NTz@ Ez t o NTz@
tNz Ny o z e z t Nz Es|-Tm N NTz@
utz TL z uo uMo e Y NTz@
e Nz E M Nz y N uQ NTz@
s+s deT> eT+q+

e Nz E Ez M z N NTz@
Nuo Ny uMo Nz Es| Tm N NTz@
T/ jN GNz G tz NTz@
uY tzQN utz Tz Nz G tz NTz@
M utz Tz Tz t Nz N Nz y N NTz@
e Nz E M Ey Toy Nz Y NTz@
e Ez ETz\y t Nz Es| tNz jj NTz@
e Nz EXZzt Nz jN G NTz@
zb Nz E Nz G tz NTz@
utz Tz uY z uo M e jj N zQuNo N NTz@
ty Ty Y jN EXZzt NTz@
3. yY

ro, z-tzQz u Nu, Ez uY t-t Eut Nz z Ez

t uQ NTz@
u ub Nz u uY N GzT Noz L N z uQ NTz@
t| y t N zT N NTz@
G M uQ NTz@
t Nz uz t, Y t N M u z uQ NTz@
utz TL t Nz Es| uQ N, M zT N NTz@
uT, Y Nz E M uQ NTz@
M r, |, uzm, uN, uN-uzm Ny Y N NTz E{
GN uN zT N NTz@
E Ny Y Nz E N| N NTz@
e jN N{? N{z? M, N? \{z Nz G uQ NTz@
uMo N , uQ NTz@
e Nz z Ez uY uQ NTz@
53
s+s deT> eT+q+

4.
t-g

utz Tz t Nz Es| ozT ETz\y uQ NTz@

t yjy NTz@
t Nz uz uQ NTz@
z uo ty uQ NTz@
T| zy t Y NTz@
t| t Nz Es| Tm N NTz@
t z u t Y N uQ NTz@
t Nz ouN y s uQ NTz@
u z uo t uQ NTz@
GuYo t z uMo s Ny uo| N NTz@
uY tzQ N GNz uQ NTz@
utz Tz t Nz E M NTz@
EN Nz t uQ NTz@
utz Tz uN y G Y NTz@
t Nz uu \ NTz@
t Nz sy| t uQ NTz@
5. w\nN

54
EuuMo
- Nz s Nuo T NTz@
e Ny u t N uQ NTz@
u Nz z N N uQ NTz@
Nuo Ny Eut Ny uMo Nz m| N NTz@
uNy Vb, s n{ Eut N Ez t m| N NTz@
\Ny Nz E zb ur o{ N NTz@
utz Tz u EnNs uQ NTz@
s+s deT> eT+q+

6.

e uo {uoN Nz \N GNy N NTz@

EXZz E{ z Eo Y N EXZF| Ny N NTz@
e uo uNy , , o uNy N| Ny N NTz@
uNy |bN s Ny N NTz@
gy zQ Ny N NTz@
7. uz\

8.

N|
utz Tz u z uo \Ny LNuo N NTz@

jz TL e z uo E Nuo Ny LNuo N NTz uQ NTz@
ty uN Ny, Tyo NuoL Eut uYN NTz@
z uo uY FNbe N Nq tu|o N NTz@
utz Tz u z uo \Ny LNuo N ouN Nz Mo N
NTz@
tt| Nz uNy N|N Nz z uQ NTz@
uNy uMo, s, o Nz z \Ny o N NTz@
Ny o
r/r Nz zt ^ NTz@
|/| Nz zt ^ NTz@
uzm/uzm Nz zt ^ NTz@
N/uN/uN Nz zt ^ NTz@
oN z t Y NTz@
u uY N zT n \ NTz@
M u|m ^ NTz@
M Nz uuo M uuo|o N NTz@
55
s+s deT> eT+q+
{ Nq - uoy
Ezuqo tqoL
1. Es|To

, Tyo, Nuo, o| Eut N ^ NTz@ Ez t N NTz@

z Tz E Nz uo Ez uY Nb N NTz@
, Tyo Nz s T NTz@
Eueo E jN Es|To Nz s G tz NTz@
uYo e N y|N tz NTz@
jz Tz E Nz NuN z o NTz@
e N Ez t N NTz@
z uo uMo e zQuNo N NTz@
e jN N, N{, M, uNz Fnut Nz G tz NTz@
uNy u Nz z Ez uY Nb N NTz@
utz Tz M z uo M Nz \zgN Es|m| M NTz@
uo y uN N Y N NTz@
2. EuuMo

56
- uouN
- w\nNo
e Ny VbE E, s u Nz z ^ N Ez t
uQ NTz@
Ez u Ny, Nuo Eut ETz j NTz@
e Ez Nz s Nz QN e u z uQ NTz@
t N t| y zT N NTz@
t Nz Es|Tm N GN GzT Ez t{uN \y N NTz@
Qz, T|zy Ny o z t uQ NTz@
e Ny u t N uQ NTz@
um, F| , ut uN Eut o{ N NTz@
uY tzQ N GN m| N NTz@
e jN N, M, N{, uNN Eut Nz G uQ NTz@
s+s deT> eT+q+

2.

e N Ez t uQ NTz@
e z uo uMo N Ez t uQ NTz@
qnN y y o{ N NTz@
z, ur Eut uQ NTz@
Nu zQN Ny YE Ny N NTz@
u Nwuo, t Ny N NTz@
Ny o
M zt Y N M Nz N ^ NTz@
X Y NTz@
E t uuMo Y NTz@
|Yy t \ NTz@
Nz Es| FN zT ^ NTz@
uz t, n E{ Y N zT N NTz@
E{ GNz N Ny \Ny o N NTz@
u E{ GNz N Ny \Ny o N NTz@
N uo \Ny o N NTz@
3. uz\

N|
Tm N u Ny \Ny Eu\|o N NTz@

u N ooyNm N NTz@
uMo Nz m, zQ, Eut N N N NTz@
Nz \y z uo \Ny LNuo N NTz@
uu Qz uo \Ny LNuo N NTz@
EuN z uo \Ny FNbe N NTz@
yuoN Nu Tuo N NTz@
Qz Nz uu \ z Ny uu uQ NTz@
uu tzz E{ NuoL Nuo N NTz@
GT Nz z \Ny LNuo N NTz@
uu u z uo ur T N NTz@
57
s+s deT> eT+q+
t Nq - uoy
Ezuqo tqoL
1. Es|To
2.
- uouN
Nuo, Ny, Tyo, t, u, -zQ, Y, ur, LNNy,

uzo|\, EnNs Eut Ny Ty oz Ez t o NTz@
GNz z YY| N NTz@
ro u Nz z YY| N NTz@ q-uq Nz z E o Q NTz@
t| oYyo N NTz@ Ez uY N uso z oo N

NTz@
Ez o Ny Nuo, Ny, t, u, , uzo\|, gy, Y, LNNy

Eut N Nz s Y N NTz@
jy F| Ty N ^N E Ty z GNy o N NTz@
Y , uNL, oN Ny oN Eut jz uY Tz@
EuuMo-w\nNo
ro u Nz z Ez t uQ NTz@
Ez uY N, uso L y z uQ NTz@
jz z L u (T, ) N uQ NTz@ FNy P N NTz@
58
s+s deT> eT+q+

Ez zQ u-uY N uYo zT N NTz@
u uNy o|y tz Nz Ez uY uQ NTz@
u\N L {uoN n ^N, Eu\|o r N n ôz L GNz uo

N Q NTz@
Nuo, Ny, Tyo t, u, EnNs, -zQ, uzo|\ Eut uQz N

NTz@
NuoE N T, m, oN Ny yq, uozt, qnN Eut uNN N NTz@
3.
Ny o
uuYo t, , zNzuMo Eut N tz|uYo zT N NTz@
Nuo, Ny, Tyo, t, u, -zQ, Y, ur, LNNy, uzo|\

Eut Mo t, , zNzuMo Eut N Es| ^ NTz@
r, |, uzm, uN, uN-uzm, u, , NN uuMo Eut

uN o N zT ^ NTz@
4.
N|N
Eu\|o r Nz y uz z \zgN GN uo N NTz@
uu zo z r o N NTz@
o r Nz uso z oo N NTz@
59
s+s deT> eT+q+

English - Academic Standards and Indicators
In English there are six academic standards : 1. Listening and Speaking, 2. Reading
Comprehension, 3. Conventions of Writing, 4. Vocabulary, 5. Grammatical Awareness and
6. Creative Expression (a) oral and (b) written.
The details of Academic Standard wise Indicators / features

Table 1: Listening and Speaking
I
II III IV V
VI VII VIII IX
1 Listen to simple instructions and

directions and interactions and responds
accordingly
2 Listen to a variety of discourses and
responds accordingly in the classroom
situations
3 *Recites rhymes/ songs and poems
4 *Tells stories, narrates experience and
produces a variety of level-specific
oral discourses
5 *Role-plays, enact drama /skit,
6 Pause
7 Stress
8 Pitch
9 Tone
10 Rhythm
11 Reflections of emotions
(wherever relevant)
12 Tempo
*Note:
60
There are level-specific indicators for each of these discourses (songs, rhymes,
stories, etc.) which have been stated under Table 5. This table is meant for the
aspects of spoken language.
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 2: Indicators for Reading Comprehension
II III IV V
VI VII VIII IX
1 Reads level specific pictures, cartoons,

graphs, tables, etc. and decodes the ideas
2 Reads a variety of discourses with

comprehension
3 Reads discourses analytically and
identifies the themes and sub themes
4 Reads and develops ones own
perceptions
5 Reads critically by agreeing or
disagreeing with the author
6 Reads a text from multiple perspectives
7 Refers dictionary, thesaurus, and other
reference materials
*Note:
The level of reading material will be decided considering the discourse features.
61
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Table 3: Indicators for conventions of writing
Indicators
I
Capitalization
Approximation of use with beginning
II
III IV V
VI VII VIII IX
of the names and sentences

2
Uses wherever it is applicable
II Punctuation Marks
3
Full stop
Comma
Question mark
Quotation marks
Exclamatory
Apostrophe
Hyphen
10 Colon
11 Semi-colon
12 Parenthesis
13 Space between words and sentences
14 Spelling
15 Abbreviations, acronyms
16 Ellipsis
17 *Write a variety of discourses
maintaining the conventions of writing
and Layout
*Note:
62
There are level-specific indicators for each of these discourses (songs, rhymes,
stories, etc.) which have been stated under Table 5.
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 4: Indicators for Vocabulary and Grammatical awareness
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
III
22
23
24
25
Indicators
Vocabulary and Word level structure
(Morphology)
Prefixes
Suffixes
Tense forms
Auxiliaries and modals (be, have, do, will,
shall, etc
aspects-progressive ,perfective and passive
Agreement (Person, number, gender)
Reflexives and reciprocals (myself, each
other ...)
Gerunds (verbal nouns)
Compounding
Phrasal verbs
Collocations
Syntax and word level grammar
The structure of simple sentences
Subordination (adverbial connectives with
when, if, as, because, since, etc.)
Complementation (I think that ...)
Conjunctions (and , or)
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX
Elliptical constructions (leaving out some parts)
Clefts (It is true that ...

Relativization (the book that I bought)
Embedding (the book on the table ...; the
dog that chased the cat that ...
Passivization
Parenthesis (Inserting units of language
into a structure)
Awareness of the structure of Phrasal
categories
Noun phrase
Prepositional phrase
Adverbial phrase
Verb phrase
*Note:
The competencies related to grammar and vocabulary can be assessed only in

the context of oral and written discourses for which the indicators related to
discourse features are also to be taken care of.
63
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Table 5: Creative Expression - Discourses (oral & written) Primary
Class wise Discourse wise Features
By the end of the completion of class V, the learners are expected to produce a
variety of oral and written discourses. The features of a certain discourse at a certain level
are shown in the tables given below. The class wise and skill wise features of each discourse
are marked with X which means this feature is to be considered at a given level.
Table 5.1: Conversations
I
Discourse Features
Contains Initiation / response
II
III
IV
L SRWLS RWL S RWL SR WLS RW

x x
xx
Has One or two meaningful

exchanges
xx x
Has three or four exchanges

Has proper sequence of
exchanges
x
x x x
x
Sustains the conversation
x
x xx
xx x x
x
Table 5.2: Description

I
Discourse Features
Contains two connected
sentences describing objects /
things / persons / places
x x
64
IV
x x x x
x x x
Uses a variety of sentence forms

Uses proper sequence of ideas
III
L SRWLS RWL S RWL S RWLSRW
Uses attributes for description x

Creates vivid images
II
x x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 5.3 : Poems / Songs / Rhymes
I
Discourse Features
II
III
IV
L S R W L S R W L S R WL S R W L S R W
Rhymes / songs /poems with

simple structural patterns
x x
x x x
Uses rhyme scheme
x x x x x x x x
Poems / songs with emotions,

reflections
x x
x x x
x
Table 5.4 : Narratives

I
Discourse Features
II
III
IV
Contains at least one event and x

one exchange of dialogue
x x
Contains a sequence of events

and dialogues
Evokes sensory perceptions
x x x
x x
Contains images, setting and

other details
Uses characterization
Evokes emotions
Maintains coherence
65
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 5.5 : Diary
I
Discourse Features
II
III
IV
L S R W L S RW L S R WL S R W L S R W
Diary containing events
x x
Contains personal reflections,

thoughts and feelings
x x
Uses a variety of sentences
Contains events other than

routine events
x x
Uses language appropriate to

the mood
x
x
x x
Table 5.6 : Letter

I
Discourse Features
Begins and ends the letter
II
III
IV
x x
x x

the context
x x
x x
Uses appropriate format, layout

and conventions
x x
x x
Expresses ideas sequentially
x x
Maintains coherence
66
x x
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 5.7 : Messages
I
Discourse Features
II
III
IV
Contains ideas relevant to

the context
x x
x x
Maintains brevity
x x
x x
Uses conventions
x x
x x
Uses layout, format
x x
Table 5.8 : Notices / Posters

I
Discourse Features
II
III
IV
Notices for various occasions

and purposes showing the context
x x
x x
Notices containing, venue, date,

time, salutation, invitation,
programme,
x x
Writes notices for special

purposes with persuasive
language
Organisation and Layout
x x
x x
x x
Table 5.9 : Slogans / Placards

I
Discourse Features
Slogans and placards for
specific purposes
II
III
IV
x x
x x
Maintains brevity
Maintains rhythm
x x
x
x x
x x
x x
67
s+s deT> eT+q+
Table 5.10 : Drama
I
Discourse Features
Dialogues
II
III
IV
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x x
Dialogues revealing emotions

& feelings
Role-play
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
Dramatisation
x x
Table 5.11 : Write-up
Discourse /Text type

Write up
II
III
IV
Conveys the main idea and

supporting details
x x
Organization of ideas
Uses appropriate cohesive
devices
Has coherence and flow
x
x
x
x
x x
x
68
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Table 5: Creative Expression - Discourses (oral & written) - High School
Class wise Discourse wise Features
By the end of the completion of class X, the learners are expected to produce a variety of
oral and written discourses. The features of a certain discourse at a certain level are
shown in the tables given below. The class wise and skill wise features of each discourse
is marked with X which means this feature is to be considered at a given level.
Table 5.1: Conversation

VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX
Contains dialogues with three

or four exchanges
x x x x
Has proper sequence of

exchanges
x x x x x x x x
Sustains the conversation
x x x x x x x x x x x x
Maintains social norms
Uses discourse markers

(well, precisely, etc.)
x x
Dialogues required in the

context of debates and
discussions

devises
Uses voice modulation
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x
69
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 5.2: Description
VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX
Contains a few attributes
x x
x x
Describe objects/ things/

persons creating vivid images
Uses a variety of sentence

forms
Sequences ideas properly
x x
x x
x
Includes personal reflections on

the event or person
x x
x x x

devices
x x
Table 5.3: Poems / Songs / Rhymes

VI
Discourse Features
VII
x
x
Uses specific patterns (rhythm / x

structure /metre / music /
theme, etc.)
Expresses emotions and
reflections
x x
Uses Images, thoughts and

feelings
Reveals the poets point

of view
70
Has a rhyme scheme
Contains assonance and

alliteration
IX
Uses simple structural patterns x x
Uses figures of speech
VIII
x x
x x
x x
x x x x x x
x x
x x
x x x
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 5.4: Narrative/ Story
VI
Discourse Features
Contains a sequence of events
and dialogues
VII
VIII
IX
x x
Evokes sensory perceptions
x x x
Contains images, setting and

other details
x x
Uses characterization
Evokes emotions
x x x x x x x x x
Maintains coherence
x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Reveals the writers point of view
x x
Table 5.5: Diary

VI
Discourse Features
Expresses personal reflections,
thoughts and feelings
VII
VIII
IX
x x
x x
Uses variety of sentences

the mood
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
Contains self criticism and

future plans
x x
Reveals a point of view
Coherence
71
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 5.6: Letters
VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX

the context
Uses appropriate format, layout
and conventions
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
Expresses ideas sequentially
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
Uses persuasive language
x x
x x
Organises ideas
x x
x x
Maintains coherence
x x
x x
Table 5.7: Messages/ e-mail/ SMS

VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX
Messages containing ideas

relevant to the context
x x
x x
x x
x x
Maintains brevity
x x
x x
x x
x x
Uses conventions, layout and

format
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x

the content and context
72
x x
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 5.8: Notices /Posters
VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX
Notices for various occasions

and purposes showing the
context
Notices containing, venue,
date, time, salutation, invitation,
programme.
Writes notices for special
purposes with persuasive
language.
Organisation, Layout and Design
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
Table 5.9: Ads

VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX
Content / concept
x x x
x x x
x x x
Diction appropriate to the

content / concept
Organisation, Layout and style
x x
Brevity
Designing and graphics
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
Table 5.10: Slogans / Placards

VI
Discourse Features
Slogans and placards for
specific purposes
VII
VIII
IX
x x
x x
Maintains brevity
Maintains rhythm
x x
x
x x
x x
x x
73
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Table 5.11: Drama
VI
Discourse Features
VII
IX
L S RWL S R WL S RWL S RWL S RW
Contextually relevant dialogues x x

Dialogues revealing emotions
and feelings
Stage directions, movements
and settings
x x x
x xx
Dramatic conflict: Beginningrising actions ending
Reference to costumes
and props
Dramatisation
VIII
x
x x
x
x x
x x x x x x x x
x
x
x
x x
x x
Theatrical performance(Dialogue
delivery, actions, stage sense,
costumes, etc.)
x x
x x
x x
Table 5.12: Write-up / Feature articles (descriptive,

expository / narrative/argumentative)
VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX
Conveys the main idea and

supporting details
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
Organization of ideas
x x
x x
x x
x x

devices
x x
x x
Has coherence and flow
x x
74
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 5.13: Essay (All types)
VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX
Has title, introduction, thesis

statement, body and conclusion,)
x x
x x
x x
x x
Appropriate paragraphing with

main ideas, supporting details
and examples
Organization of ideas and use
of cohesive devices
Has coherence
Has voice and point of view
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x x
x x
Table 5.14: Debate / Discussion

VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX

x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
Organizes ideas as main points

and sub points
Presents arguments in a
x x
sequential order
Cites suitable examples,
x x
quotations, evidences
Maintains a point of view
Defends ones own point of
view and rebuts opponents point
of view
Uses discourse markers for
agreeing, disagreeing,
substantiating, enumerating, etc.
Uses polite expressions
respecting others views
Uses logical and emotional
appeals
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
75
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Table 5.15: Compeering
VI
Discourse Features
Arranges the programme
sequentially as required by
the context
Presents the background
Highlights the persons and
the events
Contains reviews and reflections
relevant to the context
Uses polite and entertaining
expressions
Follows the conventions of
the stage
Uses language spontaneously
and in a lively manner
Modulates voice in an appealing
way
VII
VIII
IX

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
Table 5.16: Report

VI
Discourse Features
Contains relevant ideas ,
concepts and information
Organization of the data
Interprets data and draws
inference
Includes personal reflections
on the issue/topic
Sequential order of ideas
Uses indexing / referencing /
quoting
Coherence
76
VII
VIII
IX

x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x x
x x
x x
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 5.17: News Report
VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX
Appropriate headline
x x
x x x
x x
x x
Lead sentence (five Ws)
x x
x x x
x x
x x
Organisation and use of

cohesive devices
x x x
x x
x x
Coherence
x x x
x x
x x
Reporting style (reported

speech, passivization,
appropriate tense)
x x
x x x
x x
x x
Body of the news
Point of view
News reading
x
x
x x
VIII
IX
Table 5.18: Review

VI
Discourse Features
VII
States the context of the

Review (Story/novel/drama/
essay/film)
x x
x x
x x
x x x
Highlights and comments on

certain features of the item
reviewed (e.g. Characters/
theme/setting /events/turning
points etc.)
Citations from the text to
substantiate the point.
(Authenticity)
Make personal impressions
Coherence
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x
77
s+s deT> eT+q+

Table 5.19: Speech
VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX
Makes speeches /Talks

contextually
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x x
Organisation of ideas
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x x
Uses argumentative / persuasive x x

/ interactive language to
substantiate views and ideas
x x
x x
x x x
x x x x
Uses discourse markers
x x
x x
x x x x
Cites examples, quotations, etc. x
x x x
x x x x
Coherence
x x x
x x x x
Voice modulation and body

language
x x
x x
x x
x x
Table 5.20: Biography /Autobiography/Memoir/Profile

VI
Discourse Features
VII
VIII
IX
Details of the person
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
Reflections, thoughts
and feelings
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
Anecdotes, events, achievements
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
Tone, Voice and Point of view

Organisation and the use of
cohesive devices
Coherence and flow
78
x x
s+s deT> eT+q+

Class-wise targeted discourses
I
II III IV
V VI VII VIII IX
1 Conversations
2 Descriptions
3 Rhymes /songs /poems
4. Narrative/ story
5. Diary
6. Letter
7. Message/ SMS/ e-mail
8. Poster/ Notice
9. Ads
10. Slogans/ Placards
11. Drama
12. Write-up
13. Essay
14. Debate and Discussion
15. Compeering
16. Report
17. News Report
18. Review
19. Speech
20. Biographical sketches/ Profile
79
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81
82
Content
areas of
Maths
Content
Using concepts and procedures to

solve.
a. Kinds of problems:Problems can
take various forms- puzzles, word
problems, pictorial problems,
procedural problems, reading data,
tables, graphs etc.
Problem Solving
Reads problems
Identifies all pieces of information/
data
Separates relevant pieces of
information
Understanding what concept is
involved
Recalling of (synthesis of)
concerned procedures, formulae
etc.
Selection of procedure
Solving the problem
Verification of answers of raiders,
problem based theorems.
b. Complexity: The complexity of a
problem is dependent on
Making connections( as defined in
the connections section)
Number of steps
Number of operations
Context unraveling
Nature of procedures
Problem Solving
conjectures
mathematical
Testing
deductive logic
Uses inductive and
notion of proof
Understanding the
arguments.
Examining logical
justifies procedures
Understands and
conjectures
generalizations and
mathematical
making
Understanding and
conjuncture).
(involved invariably
various steps
Reasoning between
Reasoning - Proof
Writing and reading,
expressing mathematical
notations (verbal and
symbolic forms)
Ex:
3+4=7
3 5
n1+n2= n2+n1
Sum of angles in a
triangle is 1800
Creating mathematical
expressions
Explaining mathematical
ideas in her own words
like- a square is closed
figure having four equal
sides and all equal angles
procedures like adding
two or more digit
numbers involves first
adding the digits in the
units place and then
adding the digits at the
tens place/ keeping in
mind carry over.
logic
Communication
Representation
Visualization&
Connecting concepts Interprets and

within a mathematical reads data in a
domain- for example
table, number
relating adding to
line,
multiplication, parts
pictograph,
of a whole to a ratio,
bar graph,
to division. Patterns
2-D figures,
and symmetry,
3-D figures,
measurements and
pictures
space
Making tables,
Making connections
number line,
with daily life
pictograph,
Connecting
bar graph,
mathematics to
pictures.
different subjects
Connecting concepts Mathematical
symbols and
of different
mathematical domains figures.
like data handling and
arithmetic or
arithmetic and space
Connecting concepts
to multiple procedures
Connections
b) Mathematical Standards to achieve at Secondary Level (6 to 10th classes)

Academic Standards: Academic standards are clear statements about what students must know and be able to do. The following are
categories on the basis of which we lay down academic standards.
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rdT
{ $<sT\

be&+.
|uT
dT\ | q
dV+> +&&+ .
{sTT+q & q ke
dsq
yK sT\T * d\ +
u<+>
se&+. #dTe&+.
e+&&+
deTjTb\q
b{+#&+ .
|<\
qT
>s$+#&+ .
q edTe
\T
edTe \T
deT+>
+#Te&+
9, 10
s>T\T
6, 7, 8
s>T\T
sT \ eTs<
|Ps+>
|e]+#&+ .
|uT dT\
qT
b&&+ .
sT \ >T]+
eT+>
+#&+,
eT+ |qT\qT
|X+d+#&+.
bH.d.d., k{,
> & e+{ s
e\
bZq&+ <s
djT eTD
|+b+~+#Te&+.
e V\
u+ >+ \
|+#>\ >&+ .
bsX
\ s
d+<s\
s +q
jTe\qT
b{+#&+ .
|uT dT\
qT
b&&+ .
(2) du dH (1) |s+ bs|D[qT, eT+q $<H

s]+#|&T, nB n&$ T d+d (SCERT) +~ n+X\qT
|]>Dq rdT+T+~.
V#Y) CH u\\T ns+#dTq $<q+ < nqsTT+#
keTs\| s+s deT> eT+q+ s>*.
30. (1) b<$ T $< |Psj
T es u\\T bTe+{ usT |\ VsT
qeds+ <T .
(2) b<$ T $< |P]#d q sT y < MsD
|+ C#j *.
sY.{.. $<V #+ ` 2009
113
s+s deT> eT+q+
5. eT+q $<H\T ` (Assessment Procedures)

s+s deT> eT+q+ u>+> bsX \ sV+# eT+q $<H\T
|\\ qT d+|Ps+ > |]o*+ qy<T#d$> +&*. b<jTT\T s> >~ |\ jT
|\\ qT |]o*d #d n+X\bT eqT>+ > \ee<T \ sV+# eT+q+
L& nedsy T . $ ys+, |, ed, ]q sb\ L& +&&+ neds+ . nsTT
@ eT+q $<q+ nsTTq|{ e# |* \qT { @ <] ] ] b\L&<T .
n+f eT+ q + | \ \ T b H s T Hs T ? @$T H s T Hs T ? nH n+X\T
|]o*+#&+ bT HsT q n+X+ ds + > +&+<T L& eT+q+ &&*. CqeTT,
ne>Vq $j>+, $XwD, qq d+<s\ dsTuT#dTe&eTH n+X\uT
n_sT #T\T, yK sT\T, <>\T, | d \ T, Xs b<T>T<\ s>sy T q $wj \TL&
+> eT+q+ #j *. $<y T q eT+q+ s +&T s\T.
1. sD eT+q+ (Formative Assessment)
2. d+>V D eT+q+ (Summative Evaluation)
sD eT+q+ (Formative Evaluation):
s> >~ *+q nu dq \ |\\ T bZ+Tq|&T, u<q sT>TTq|&T
$<] @ $<+> HsT+TH& |]o*+ qy<T #jT&+ <s |\\ nudH
yTsT>T|s# & w#j
T & sD eT+q+ n+{sT. sD eT+q+
nH~ ujTsV yesD+, |\\ ds> * nudqqT y>e++ #dT&
|]+#~. b<jTT&T |\\ |> s+s+ |]o*d nedsyTq d+<s\
b<jTT&T |\\ dV jT]> * d]~~ eTT+<T q&|+ #*. e\+ esT\T,
>&T\ s|+ +& |\\ y] keTs\ k<H d >T \qT $esD+> *|
y] dsq d#q\T d\V\T bV+ nudH yTsT>T|s#& sD
eT+q+ dVjT|&TT+~.
s> >~ ]> #s \T, |\\ de<H\T, bs+ eT< eT]jTT es q
|X \T, nuk\ >T]+ #]dTq |&T |\\ T #s bZ # de<H\T, |\\ T sdq
HT|d \T, s> |, +{| , bC | q T\T, T |qT\T yTT<q y{ <s+> |\\ T
@$T HsT Hs, m HsT +THsH~ b<jTT&T n+#H yjT e#T. BH sD
eT+q+ n+{+.
114
s+s deT> eT+q+

u<H u dq sT>TTq deTjT+ s+s+ |& u d b<jTT, $<]
eTqT eTT d]#dT H M\T*dT+ ~. nedsy T q esT\T #dT e& &&TT+~.
djT eT+q+> |=# bs{y my\TjTwH \D
\T |]o*<+.
u<H u dq+ ]>|&T $<] m HsT +TH&T, |> m +~ n |]o*+#
|jT.
~ u<q |ssD
` desD < +q~.
|\\T b HsT+THsT? nH <| deTse+yTq |&uqT n+~dT+~,
*jTCdT+~.
|\\ T eT yT u>keTT HsT e&+ |< q u $T eVdT+ ~.
bs+X+/ jT{ |\\ T yqT&& >\ sD\T >V + |ejT
u<q qT #jT & dV ]dT+ ~.
eT+q+ |* \ <s+> b<jTT&T q u<H ePV+ esT&
M\T *dT+ ~.
|\\ T eT yT eT+q+ #dT e& nu dq keTs |+b+~+#Te&+
b> ns+ #dT e& |] dT+ ~.
$<y T q eT+q+ $<q+ |\\ > nqTuy \ MT< <s|& +&&+ bT
@ @ n+X\T Hs |D[ #dT e& dV ]dT+ ~.
$_q s\ nu dq X\ T\qT b{+#& M\T*dT+ ~.
eTT #dq | n+#H ydT e&, s]+#& |\\ qT bVdT+ ~.
|&u <s+> |\\T eT nudq |<T\qT d]#dTe&, <
b<qy s]+#Te& |\\ T d# dT+ ~.
|]o*+#Te&, dV ]+#Te& |edT+ ~.
~ | sdTHeTH ueq +& dVyTq yesD+ sV+#&+
sT>TT+~.
u<H u dq+ sT>TTq|& b<jTT&T |\\ |> >eT+ ne>Vq
se&+ sT>TT+~.
d+>V D eT+q+ (Summative Evaluation):
$<] u<Hudq |jT\ <s HsT=q n+X\qT yTT+> eT+q+
#jT & d+>V D eT+q+ n+{sT. $ sT yTT+ |P]nsTTq s <
115
s+s deT> eT+q+

s] bs|D[ |Pss TTq sT y |\\ k<q qT |+ # |< . |< $<] qT
#~$q sT<s @$T HsT H&T?, m+ es HsT H&T? nH n+X\qT |]o*+#&+
sT>TT+~. k<sD+> s (||sY ` |) |\ s|+ eyT sV+# d+>V D
eT+q+ bs $wj \qT eyT |+ #&+ sT>TT+~. |\\ T b+ HsT HsT
n |+ #&+ . ]q, y] |] sV+# d+>V D eT+q+ $<sT\ T y]
k<qqT, esT\T, s+\ s|+ n+<CdT+~. rs k~+#s < eyT
*jTCdT + ~. $<sT\ T #~$q n+X\ ne>Vq #dT = d++> |\ sjTe\d
se&+ e\ |\ |\ | uj
T +, y\ +&<T . sV n+sZ eT+q $<q+
|\ |] |\\ eT< *> ny+# jT b{ +Z #& |j >|& T T+~. B duy
eT]+> +> ns+ #dT +<+.
~ nu dqqT eT+q+ #d |<
.
k<sD+> sY, y] |\
s|+ HsT q yTT |d T + ~. nq> e d
(Quarterly), ns y] (Half Yearly) eT]jTT y] (Annual) |\ T s|& + .
$<|eD\ <s+> |\\
|> b<jTT&T djT+> j sT#dq |
||sY |]o*+# | |< .
|dT |]d:
|dT + eTq $<$<q+ q jT{ eT]jTT ]q |\ e~]> s|
s|+ d+>V D eT+q+ <s |\\ |> eT+q+ #jT &+ sT>TT+~.
s> s]+q bs |D[ n+ HsT q s |\\ keTs\ |]o\qqT
$d ksTT jT++>+ <s sVdT+ ~. |* |< H+X+> |\ qT sV+#&+
d+ w #jT &+ |dT + ~. n+<Te\ $<d+d\ T |\\ qT |\ d<+ #jT &yT eT
|<e T se +> u$+ {| < T \ $| b<qdTH sTT. |\\ T b+ be de#s+
>TsT |T>* n+ be> esT\T k~+#>\ >&+ e\q $wj \qT >TsT |T=H
|< T \, $<H\ b<q |]bsTT+~. n+<Te\ nHs>sy T q b{ |sT>TT+~.
|\ d+ HsT e&+ | k+> Cq+ b+<+<T < J$ deTd\ |]cs
|j +#+<T @e+ neX+ +& bTq~. |> |\\ |> s+s+ |]o*+#&+
< qy<T #jT &+ wy T q |jT > u$+#&+ e\ b<q <q |{ k+|<jT
|\ y| b<jTT\T, *< + &T\T, $<d+d\ T, n~sT\T yTT>T#Z |&+ |k+~.
|\\ qT y] keTs\qT |> Xdj
T +> eT+q+ #jT |< T \T |T y&&+
|e<s+.
116
s+s deT> eT+q+

s +&+{ eT< >\ ek >eT<+.
Formative
u<Hudq sT>TTq|& |\\T b

HsT +THs |]o*+#&+ .
|\\ T m HsT +THsT n b<jTT&T
|]o*+q|&T, |\\ T m& +~ |&T THs
>V+ nudqqT yTsT>T|s#Te&
s+s+ ]>~ (on going assessment)
nu dH yTsT>T|sT dT+ ~.
nudq+ b sT>TT+~ nH $<q+|
<w |&TT+~.
n+sZ + > ss TT+#Tq |< T \T, \\|
|u e+ #|T+~.
n_e~ |s# e \dq n+X\qT
>T]+#& |edT+ ~.
u<H |< T \T, $<H\T yTT<q e s+s+
esTe& Mq ds + *e+T+~.
|> d+ |jT dT+ ~.
|sd s+ HsT e& M\T*dT+ ~.
d ksTT |]o\q.
s> >~ |]o\q, |\\ & \T, HT|d \T
y T T< q k< H \ <s eT+ q +
sT>TT+~.
Summative
u<H u dq+ nsTTq sy $&> |\\ T

HsT q < |]o*+#&+ .
nu dq+ eT< , e]> sV+#~.
nu dH rsTdT+ ~.
nu dq |* +> @$T HsT HsH <|
<s|& T T+~.
jT{ e\T/ eed\ s]+#&q
|eD\| <s|& +T+~. yTT+ MT<
|* s]dT+ ~.
|* \ <s+> n_q+~+#&, improve
#jT & d<+ > +T+~.
rsT\jsT, <T n ysT#jT&+
s>T T+~.
yTT+ > |]o*+#&+
s |\ s|+ neT\T sT>TT+~.
117
s+s deT> eT+q+
6. eT+q $<H\T ` k<H\T ` $esD

s+s deT> eT+q+ <s |\\ |> b|{|&T b<jTT&T
|]o*+#*. s> >~, jT ]> u<H u dq |jT \+{ |]>Dq rdT=
|\\ |> eT+q+ #j *. +<Td+ b<jTT $$< sq eT+q
k<H \T nedse TesTT. |< q+> sD eT+q+ b<jTT&T #* dt\ T,
|\\ H{ |d \T, |\\ & \T, s {+> d\T, bsTb *j\T, nH{\T, e> |]o\q\T,
b<jTT & \T yTT<q k<H \ <s eT+q+ #j *. d+>V D eT+q+
L& eT |\ T, s| \ T e+{ k<H \T nedse TesTT. y{ >T]+ $es+>
\TdT+<+.
sD eT+q $<H\T `
sD eT+q+ |< q+> H\T>T s\ k<H \qT |j +#*.
1. |\\ u>keT+`|d+<q\T (10 esT\T)
2. s n+X\T (HT|d \T, +{| yTT$) (10 esT\T)
3. bC |qT\T (10 esT\T)
4. \|T T | (d| t fd)t (20 esT\T)
FA yTT+
esT\T (50 esT\T)
1. |\\ u>keT+`|d+<q\T
bsX \ *+# u<H u dq dyX\ |\\ T bZH $<q+, ysT HsT H e,
|> *jTCdT + ~. b<jTT&T bs+ #||&T ]> #s \ $<sT\ T n&> |X \T
|X \ yT\T # rsTqT >eTd y] |> b<jTT ne>Vq neT+~. |> |
ne>VH eT+q+ eq bs+ #||&T b<jTT |]o\q <s |\\ |>
n+#HyjT e#T. B HsT > | neds+ <T . { b<jTT&T $$< u<H u dq
|jT |\\ T m bZ+THs? m |d+~dTH s? |]o*+#&+ <s |\\
|> eT+q+ #jT & M\T \T>TT+~. nu dq |jT \ |\\ u>ke
|d+<q\qT $$< nu dq dyX\ <s |]o*+#e#T.
bs+X+| ]> #s \
\T, T|q T\T #dT q |&T
bC |qT\ bZq|&T
118
s+s deT> eT+q+

qeTH\T, e~sT\T, |{\T, >|\t T sb+~dTq |&T
dH \ bZ+Tq|&T
yT+&e|+>| ]> #s bZq|&T
bs+ eT< , bs+ es q |X \ de<H\qT >T]+ #]dTq |&T.
b<jTT&T s> >~, s>>~ jT |\\qT |]o*+#*. s>>~
b<jTT&T #| bs+ $+Tq~, ~, |\\ T |sd s #s \ (participation, discussion)
bZ+TqB, B \TdTe& |]o\q nH~ k<q +> |j >|& T T+~.
Lesson / Unit |P] nsTTq sT y bs+
es q |X \T, nuk\qT |P] s>
>~ = |X / Exercise Board MT< sd yTT+ s> >~ #]+#*. #]+q|&T
|\\ T bZq rsT, #| de<H\| <s|& |\\ |> n+#HyjT e#T. s> >~
jT |\\ eTD
, |esq , $$< n+X\ |d+<q, \T ^jT+, b\T b&+,
\T &+, Vs| \yT, s>| n\yT, e> |]dse TT\ |]Xu , $#D

|]Cq+ yTT<q $wj \ |\\ qT |]o*+#&+ <s eT~+| #jT e#T. eT]jTT |]o\q\
<s+> $$< keTs\ b H& n+#H yjTe#T. M] d\V\T +
yTsT>T|sT HT | \T d]~<T HT #jT e#T.Bd+ s> >~ |\, s> >~
jT b\| & b<jTT&T, $<] |]o*d +&*.
FA ` k<H
\T:
eT | (Oral Test)
s>>~ |\\T nudq dyX\ <s HsT+Tq n+X\qT >T]+
|]o*+#& eT |qT b<jTT&T k<q+> |j+#e#T. |sp
s> >~ bs+ #TT d+<s + $<] b+es nse TsTT+< \TdTe&
b<jTT&T ss \ |X \T yd \TdT+ +{&T. B L& eT |> >V +#e#T.
$q&+/ e{&&+ nH keTs |+#& $$< d+<s\ ss\ \T
sVdT+ {+. n> >D + eTH>D (H{ \T) #+~q n+X b<jTT&T
ss \T> |+ \TdT=+ +{sT. s|P s+> +& n&> s|+
|+# $<H eT |> #| e#T. ~ sTw y T q deTj #+~q~
s+s+ >, deT>+>q =qk> |> >T]+#*.
{#s Y &
bsX\ *+# nudq nqTuy\ |\\ |>, bZ+Tq $<H
m| { | & T | ] o*+ qy < T # d T e& { # s Y & b< j T T m+ > H
|j >|& T T+~. u<q sT>TTq|&T, u<H q+s+ $<sT\ |d+<q\qT, =+<]
119
s+s deT> eT+q+

$Xw |uq T, < ne>VH b\qT qy<T #jT &, |ejT esZ\qT >T]+#&
b<jTT |j>|&TT+~. qT {#sY& |\\ keTs\qT eT~+| #d
qy<T#dT & b<jTT sEy |j >|& k<q +> u$+#*.
2. |\\ T sdq n+X\T

|\\ T eTT HsT q n+X\| eT n_bj\qT C&d k++> sksT . $
|\\T k~+q keTs\ >T]+ ns+ #dTe& k<H\T> |j>|&sTT.
s> >~q, +{ <>sZ |\\ T nH n+X\qT sksT . M+{ sD eT+q+
|]>Dq rdTy*. |\\ T s> >~ $$< bs+X\ d++~+q nH $wj \qT
HT|d \, +{| |d \, bs |d \ sd +{sT. M+{ |]o*+q|&T
|\\ T m HsT =+THsT? m& & | \T #dT H sT? |]o*+ k++> sjT&
q dV s+ n+~+#& M\T\T>TT+~.
(n) HT |d \T:
bs|d\ bs+ es q Exercise eT]jTT |X \T, s> >~ #]+q
sT y $<sT\ T eT Note Book & Time >, +{<> sZ > d++> sdT=sy*.
> & T |j +#L &<T . M{ #d |\\ nu dH |> | b<jTT&T n+#H
se#TqT. esT\T / >&T ee#T. |\\ T bsX \q, +{e< eT HT |d sdq
yT\T, #dq \T yTT<q y{ |]o*+ $<] |> \TdTy*. @ $wjT +
b+ yqT& H&H~ \TdTe&+ <s $<] nqTyq u<H u dqqT n+~+#&
M\T\>TT+~. |\\ +<] H{| d e TT\T #T e& bV+#*. |\\ H{ |d +
bs+X\ d++~+q n+XeTT\T, |X \T, yT\T, $$< n+XeTT\ y] qq
n+XeTT\T, |j > $<qeTT\T, ueT\T ^jT+, $$< deTd\T, bC |qT\T, |]\q\T
yTT<q n+XeTT\qT sjT& bV+#*. HT |d \qT m|{| &T ~~, d#q\qT
Note Book sj*.
() d+|T q s#q (nH ]sY)
q <Ts q d+|T qqT < dyX >T]+ sjT& < +q ]sTq T
d+|T q s#q < nH
]sY n+{sT. Anecdote nq> | d+|T qqT >T]+
d+| + > sjT&+.
= d+<s\ |\\ T |<y ] Xs|s rsT |e]ksT . n+X+ |
|\\ T <H +> < TTD+> |d+~+# rsTqT |]o*+#& ~ |j >|& T T+~.
120
s+s deT> eT+q+

|\\ $Xw |uq T qs d+uwD < d+<s + >T]+ sjT&+.
|\\ nk<sD |esq qT, $Xw |uq T, d+<s+> |d+~+# rsTqT, |\\ T
u>keTT\jT rsTqT, sT \ dV jT|&& + yTT n+X\T y] deT> $k
*jTCksTT. M{ |\ <sH < <X | P syT q |]o\q\ <sH deT>+>
|+ #e TT. j d+<s\ y] |esq \qT >eT+q|&T ]sT# j
T &+, <s
|\\ eT]eT \TdTe& nH ]sY |j >|& T T+~.
() bsYb *j (Portfolio):
$<sT\ T #dq \qT, d]+q y{, |<s q\qT, |rsT $es\qT d+\q+
#d u<|s#&yT portfolio. $$< ksTT\ ysT sdq y{ |<] +#e#T. M{
e> portfolio n+{sT.
| d+|T q\qT, $Xw |u q]q|&T <s |\qT u <|s # e #T.
|\\ T sdq > j\T, <\ T, b&+q > j\T, ^dq \T, s \T yTT<q $
rdT= file + < portfolio n+{sT.
() bs |d \ |X \T, nuk\T:
sD nu dq dyX\ bZ+ keTs\qT k~+#& nqTL\+>
bs |d \T sb+<sTT. { |\\ T bs |d \ L& # n+X\qT #]+#&+
eT]jTT sjTe\d +T+~. bs+ eT< , bs+ es +& |X \ de<H\T, \
|{ \ T +|&+ , de#s dsD
|{ \ T +|&+ , nedsy T q y~ sjT&+ yTT<q e
bs |d \ sjTe\d +T+~. bs u<q , #s \ d+<s + qT eT]jTT bs |d \
|\\ T sdq $wj \qT L& |]>Dq rdT= y] |> n+#H yj *.
() |\\ &
|\\ ~q#s y] d+<q\T, #dq $q |T q\ nqTu T\T, nqTuy \T yTT<q
y{ |\\ T sdq< |\\ & .
|\\ & <s uc keTs\T, y] CsTTr, n_sT#T\T, d\T, uwqT
|j +#T rsT \TdTe#T.
3. bC |qT\T
s> >~ e\+ $q&+ <s < #<e &+ <s HsT e&+ n +&
#jT &+ <s, nqTue + <s HsT e& neX+ *+# seTyT bC | q T\T.
B<s |\ |]o\q, |j> H|D\T n_e~#+<TsTT. V+> u<Hudq
|jT \ bZq>\T>TsT. uw\T, uws n+X\ |\\ T k++> CH b+<&
121
s+s deT> eT+q+

bC |qT\T m+>H |j >|& sTT. |\\ T bC bZq $<H, sb+~+q
y~\qT <s+> #dT = eT+q+ #j *. = bs |d \ | bs+ es
bC \ T e&sTT. M{| s> T \ #]+, |\q T #jT eTH*.
q n+X+ MT< $<]/ $<sT\ T L\+w+ > #]+ deTdqT $$<
D\ $Xw + , |]o*+ y~qT deT]+#&+ .
~ =+eT+~ $<sT\ T +> L& sV+#e#TqT. $<q+ e\q
$<] djT+ nudq+, qT \TdTq n+X\ MT< ssD, = $wj\qT
d]+#&+ , qeTH\qT j sT#jT &+, deTdqT $Xw + #&+ , sT \ e{&& + yTT<q
>TD\T n\e&sTT.
<: 5e s> $<sT\ qT es{ \_+# $$< s\ Ls>jT\ <s \ >T]+
y~ j sT#jT eTqT.
Ls>jT\ <s \ T sEsE esTTHj? < nH n+X+MT< |]o\q #jT eTqT.
$wjT + de#s+ d]+#&+ d+ $<sT\ T +~ |qT\qT #jT &+ <s bC q T
|P]#ksT.
1. Ls>jT\ <s \ T d]+#T
2. ys+ sE\bT M{ d]+#&+
3. |sE es{qT d+<]ksT .
4. $$< s\ Ls>jT\ <s \ qT \TdT=qT, |{ qy<T#dT =qT #ksT .
5. <s \ T <T |] sE <s \ &\qT >T]+ b\T+{&T.
6. @ <s \ T \&> eHsTT? @ <s \ T \&> e nH $wj \T #]+#T+{sT.
7. y~qT deT]+#&+ , y{| #s \T sV+#&+ .
8. > D + , keqXd + , u w H s T =q n+X\T n $<]
|j+#T>\T>T&T. y~ s|\ q (Documentation):
|\\T eTT d]+q de#s <s+> #dT= y~qT jsT#ksT.
|\\ T sV+# se\qT eT|< sd e>* n~ y~ neT+~. bC
|qT\T, de#s dsD
yTT<\>T y{ ]bsY s|+ sjT& &yT+fwH <
y~ s|\ q n+{sT. |qT\ ysT sV+q rsT, d]+q de#s+ sj*.
CrjT|+&T>\T, s se\T sV+q|&T < ||sT| eT|<
sjT>\T>T&T. sE b+{ se\T sV+#s b+<T|sT ksT . $$< d+<s\
]> se\qT $wj \ y> +#TsT. | $wj s|P s+> #|+#&
|jT ksT . dyX\qT $e]ksT . eT+ e\qT >T]+ sjT>\T>TsT. e TyTq
122
s+s deT> eT+q+

< >T]+ sjT>\T>TsT. |<s q\ $es\qT sjT>\TZsT. $Cq, $Vsj \T
y[q|&T #dq |<X \T, ]q d+|T q\T yTT<\>Tq$ sd e>\TZsT. y~
de#s+, n_bj\T, | +X\uT b{\qT #j
*. | +X\qT u\
s|+ b+<T|s*.
4. \|T T | (Slip Test):

sD eT+q+ |\\ keTs\ k<q qT q | s|+ L&
|]o*+#e\d +T+~. nsTT, ~ k<sD jT{ | <T. B >T]+ eTT+<T>H
|X|+ sb+~+#Te&+, |\ fy T fT |{ + #&+ , deTjT+H |q T
sV+#&+ e+{$ +&e. b<jTT&T qT #| q bs+X\ m+| #dT q $<
|eD\qT |]o*+#& n|{| & sV+# s |. B <s |\\ keTs\
k<q qT b<jTT&T s]+#& M\T \T>TT+~. B| m+{ eTT+<dT de#s+
$<sT\ eqeds+ <T . |X \qT q\\| >, #sT | > sj*. |d + q
|X \qT, nuk\qT n> eL&<T . |\\ T + k++> de<H\T sd+<T
M\T> |X \T j sT#d y*. |\\ T \|T T | de<H\T sjT& HTT
|Ty*. <+{H H\T>T \|T T |\ de<H\T sj*.
5. sD eT+q+ ` >&+>T :
u>keT+ s| Note bC
\|TT |
.d+. $<] |sT |d+<q Book (10e.) |qT\T
(10 e.)
(10 e.) (20 e.)
8
7
7
12
1 s|TT
A
B+
B+
yTT+
(20 e.)
34
B+
d+>VD eT+q+`k<H\T:
d+>V D eT+q+ <s b<jTT&T $<sT\ jTT nu dq keTs
\TdTe& |jTk&T. sD eT+q+ e~]> d+>VD
eT+q+ nH s\ k<H \qT |j + |\\ |> eT+q+ #jT &
M\T <T. n+<Te\ |\\ |> s | <s eT+q+ #jT &+ sT>TT+~. nsTT,
b<$ T ksTT uw\qT eT+q+ #d|&T s | bT eT |\ qT L&
b<jTT&T k<H \T> |j +#*. d+>V D eT+q+ |X \T $< |eD\
y> y*. = $< |eD\ eT | L& neds+ +T+~. (<VsD
123
s+s deT> eT+q+

1, 2 s> T \ uc, >D + = keTs\T) +<T b<jTT&T n+ eTT+<T
qT s> >~ $<] #| q de<H\T, e s D
\qT <w |T= esT\T yj *.
n+f M{ s| *| sV+#*q | <T .
s | (Summative):
$< d+es+ s] deTjT+ bs|D[qT, $< |eD\qT <w
+#T= b<jTT&T k++> sb+~+#Tq |X|+ <s s| q T sV+#*.
|\\ yT |\qT |]o*+, y{ <s+> |\\ |> eT+q+ #j *.
s | $<sT s#H X *jTCdT + ~. $<sT\ nu dq keTs
eT+q+ #d |jT s | n+ |< qyT+ ~. s | $<sT\ #q\T,
uy\qT @ yTs e+ #Xs *jTCjT & neX+ *+# k<q +. $<] q #q\T
b e+ #X&T? b neTsT+TH&T. |\ <s n+#Hyd ss TT+#e#T.
n+ $<sT\ #s H| D, s yT e\qT, |<C \+ yTT<\>T n+X\
$<] keTs s| \ T s]ksTT. |\ T $<] + k++> q
n_bj\qT C&+ sd+<T neX+ *+#~> +&*. m+{ |]d T \ L&
> & T \T, =H u+\T, bs |d \ q< {| { q~ qT> sjTs<T. k++>
sdq|&T =*<X de<H\T |P]> +&b e#T. | \T> L& +&e#T. HsT =H
deTjT+ | \T # dV +. \yT D |\\ T eT eTT | \qT de]+#T+
dw+ > e ] +#>\ T>TsT. sjT>\T>TsT. {, b<jTT&T |\\ T k++> sjT&
neX+ bV+q|&T y] dV |uby\T y*eksTT. $< |eD\
y] |X \T, |X |\T b<jTT&T djT+> j sT#dT = | sV+, y+H
~~ |* \qT ]sT# d #b*.
eT | (Summative):
uw\ e{&& + , #<e &+, #~$q < ne>Vq #dT = k+ e\
e ] +#&+ +{sTT. ~ eT | <sH e|q+ #j *. B s | ]>
2 >+\ #jT +. eq | {#s |\\ T m #<T esT, e{&T sT, ne>Vq
esD| | $<]| FA <s ne>Vq +T+~. ne>Vq <s+> esT\T
/ >&T y*.
124
s+s deT> eT+q+
7. u<Hudq |jT\T ` keTs\ k<q

\T>T
e.d+.
keTs\T
$q&+ +
e{&&+
u<H u dq $<q+
<s+> #<e &+,
|d+~+#&+,
ne>Vq
e{&&+
sjT&+/
djTs#q
eT~+|k<H \T
s> |+#&+ ,
e{&+|CjT&+
< \ T/ > j \T/ d y X \T

$|+#&+ ` <| +|
Cd |X \T n&>& + .
|P] s> +
|\\ uV |sq + #sTT+#&+
b< j T T& T < s | s q +
#jT&+
|\\ T eTq |sq + #jT &+
*jT|<C >T]+|Cj
T &+
ns\ |{ #d ns\T
\TdTe&+
#]+|Cd #<$ +#&+

# ~ $q <| e > + >
d+~+#&+ . n_bjT\T #| &+
ne>V qqT |+b+~+
nuk\T e> / T \T>
#sTT+#&+
bs+X+/ bs s $wjT +
>T]+ e{&+ |Cj
T &+.
esTde >T]+|Cj
T &+
ueq\ L&q j sT
#sTT+#&+ (yT+ & e|+>).
eT+> de<H\T s&+
e> + > ssTT+#&+
b&{+> #sTT+#&+, |<]+|

CjT&+.
<s\T
|]o\q
eT |
|]o\q
bs|d\T
HT|d\T
eT |
s |
bC |
\|T T |
(slip test)
|]o\q
HT|d\T
bsTb *j\T
||sY |
|\T
|\\ &
\|T T |
{#s Y &
d.d.. ]ws Y
{#s Y &
bs ^\T
^d +&&+
HT |d
d]#d +&&+
bC
y~\T
d.d.. ]ws Y
HT|d\T
d]#d
+&&+
bsY b*j\T
|\\ yT
|\T
|\\ &
bC |
y~\T
d.d.. ]ws Y
125
s+s deT> eT+q+

u<H u dq $<q+
e.d+. keTs\T
ne>Vq *+#&+
e{&+|CjT&+
T|/ e> +
|<]+|CjT&+.
m&{+
> #jT &+
eT ssTT+#&+
|d
d+\H\T
<\
qT b&+#&+ , $\, <\
sjT&+
bs |d
\T #~$+ qq
5 |<C _e~ |<C \+ >T]+|Cj
T &+
{y] #]+#&+
ns\ |{
, |T +Te #&&+
d+<s+> $e]+#&+
y{ <s+> qq y\qT
sb+~+|CjT&+.
6. uc+X\T ysD+X\ d++~+q
(ys
<VsD\ <s ne>Vq
D+X\T)
*+#&+
bs |d
+ nuk\qT
e> + > < #sTT+#&+
d]~<&
+ , nud+ *+#&+
e>
/ |P] s> +
nuk #~$+#&+
7 |X+ k
|P] s>
d#q*e&+
|Ps
dT + e>+/ |#jT&+
|<sq
#s , ne>Vq
m&{+
>, d]#jT &+
4
126
dH
esD
<s\T
eT~+|k<H \T
|]o\q
bsYb *j\T
HT|d\T
eT |
s |
\|T T |
|<sq\T
|]o\q\T
HT|d\T
bs|d\T
||sY |
|
eT |
\|T T |
HT|d\T
s |
eT |
\|T T |
|]o\q\T
{#s Y &
bsYb *j\T
d]#dq
HT|d\T
~~eq de<q
|\T
|d d+\H\T
d.d.. ]ws Y
~~q HTT
~~eq de<q
|\T
bs|d\
nuk\T sd
+&&+
d.d.. ]ws Y
~~q HTT
bs|d\
nuk\T #d
+&&+
~~eq de<q
|\T
d.d.. ]ws
Y
|]o\q\T deT]+q
bC|qT\T y~\T
~~q HT|d
\T
|\\
HT|d\T ~~eq
de<q|\T
s |
eT | bsX \ e>CH
{#s
Y &
d.d.. ]ws
Y
s+s deT> eT+q+
|]ds\ $Cq+
e.d+.
1.
u<H u dq $<q+
keTs\T
$wje>Vq
eT~+|k<H \T
$<sT\ |PsCq |]o\q

|X \T n&>& + <s #q\T
s+#&+. y] nqTuy\qT
\TdTe&+.
|\\ nqTuy \ <s+> ueq\
+ sb+~+#&+ (yT+&
e|+>)
|\\ de<H\qT |dT

bs+X nqTd+<q+
#jT&+
|\\ # e> + > bs+X
#~$+|CjT&+.
$wj e>Vq \T, #s \T
sV+#&+.
bs +X + | j >\qT
sV+#&+.
bs+ eT< , es q |X \|
#s , ne>Vq
d s D \T, nH w D \T e+{
\ sVD
e>, T, |P] s>
\ sVD
@$T{, m+<T, m n $$<
n+X\| ] #s \T #jT &+
|]o\q
HTT\T
<s\T
HT|d\T
bsYb *j\T
bsYb *j\T $<sT\ &
s |
nH&
eT | |\\T sdq
yT |\T
\|T T |
b< j T T\
&
bC
y~\T
d.d.. ]ws
Y
H{ T
bsYb *j\T
eT |
127
s+s deT> eT+q+

u<H u dq $<q+
e.d+ keTs\T
2 |X\T
n&>& +
|]\q\T
#jT&+
3 |j>\T
eT]jTT
|]o\q\T
4 de#s
H|D\T
eT]jTT
bC\T
5 ueT\T,
|{\T
^jT&+,
qeTH\T
jsT
#jT&+
<s
de#s+
$e]+#&+
128
<s\T
eT~+|k<H \T
ueq\| +|Cj
T &+
|\\ # |X \T j sT #sTT+#&+
$wj d++~+q |]\q\T
}V+|CjT&+
bs+ e] nuk\T #sTT+#&+
|P] s> |<] +|Cj
T &+
|<]+q n+X\| #]+#&+,
ne>Vq *+#&+
deTd\qT >T]+#&+
|]\q\T }V+|CjT&+
ke m+|
|j >\T, |]o\q\T sVD
y~ sjT&+
|<sq, #s, ne>Vq
|]o\q\T
de<q |\T
s |
b<jTT& &
eT |
H{T
|\\
HTT
|\\ &
d.d.. ]ws Y
H{T
yT |\T
& \T
\|T T |
{#sY &,
HTT
|]o\q\T
y~\T
H{T
eT | d.d.. ]ws Y
d e Td | d # q * ne>V q HTT H{T
*+#&+
|\\
&
|]o\q\T
|#jT &+
|\T
|\\
&
y~ sjT&+
bC | bC |
y~\T
|<sq
y~\T
d.d.. ]ws
Y
#s , ne>Vq
|j > sV+#&
yT |\T
H{T
nedse TjT |]s\ ueT\T
bsTb
*j H{T
^jT&+. e> + >.
bsTb
*j
qeTH\T
|\\ T |P]|j > ueT\T> |]o\q
|\\
T j sT
^jT&+ e> + > u>\T
#dq qeTH\T
eT |
>T]+#&+.
nH{
s |
q de#s+ yTs |\\ T
>&|
\|T T |
ueT\T ^jT&+.
bC |qT\T b<jT &

|\\ # eT{ , ||sT
d.d.. ]ws
Y
qeTH\T jsT#jT&+.
s+s deT> eT+q+

u<H u dq $<q+
e. d. keTs\T
6 J$
$j>+,
|X+ d,
yK sT\T
<s\T
eT~+| k<H \T
d#q*e&+
e> < T+
|<sq
#s , ne>Vq
y~\T ssTT+#&+
|sesD |]sD , JesTD
#+~q $$< se bZH
#jT&+
$$< u eq\qT J$
dyX\ nqsTT+#&+
|sesD deTd\| #]+#&+ ,

eT+ |qT\qT |X+ d+#&+ .
|]o\q\T
eT |
s |
sdq n+X\T
\|T T |
{#s Y &
bsYb*j
nH&
bC y~\T
yT |\T
H{T
d.d.. ]ws Y
dH 23 du dH (1) |s+ jT$TTq {#s T +< |s=q $<T \qT

s]+#*.
b) & VsT e+ deTj, eT< b{+#*.
_) dH 29 du dH (2) n+X\ |s+ bs+X\qT #|{
|P] #j *.
d) s] deTjT+| bs+X\+{ |P] #j *.
sY.{.. $<V #+ ` 2009
129
130
ùeq\qT <VsD\ $esD e&+, y{|

#]+#&+.
`s deTd\qT, d+<s e TT\ L&q deTd\qT
#~$ ne>Vq #dT e&+.
`d s q | j T qT/ u eq\qT | j +
k~+#&+.
`qTe+{ d e Td \qT | < | s +
#jT>\>&+.
`$$< |< T \ deTdqT k~+#&+ .
`bC |qT\ deTk k<q ePV\ neT\T.
`d\qT, e\qT >T]+#>\ >&+ .
>D ueq\
ne>Vq
eT]jTT deTk
k<q
|< |s+ `qTe+{ d e Td \qT | < | s +

\T #jT &+ #jT>\>&+.
`$$< |< T \ deTdqT k~+#&+ .
u<Hudq $<q+
$<|eD\T
s |
eT |
` ||sY, | / |H |.
` q\ \ |
\T
#sTT+#&+.
` e T H > D ` |\\ H{T\T

d + +~ + q d e Td \T
n&>& + .
` de<q |\T
` |]o*+#&+
` ||sY, | / |H |. ` de<q |\T

` q\ \ |
\T
#sTT+#&+.
` {#s Y &
s |
` {#s Y &
` |\\ H{T\T
` |\\ &
<s\T
` |+#&+
` #]+#&+
` |]o*+#&+
eT+q k<H\T
eT |
eT+q $<q+
Tools for Assessment (Mathematics)
s+s deT> eT+q+
u<H u dq $<q+
sD\T
#| &+
`qTe+{ deTd\ |\qT >T]+,

sD\T #| d]#jT &+.
` deTk k<q e\dq |P] de#s+
e+< < >T]+ #| >\>&+ .
`m+#Tq |< sD\T $e]+#&+ .
ssD
`q deTd d]jTq |* n+#H yd
$#sD
] #q #|>\>&+.
`q deTk k<q kbH\qT d]>
$e]+#&+.
è\ (Patterns) <s+> k<sD ] +#&+ .
$<|eD\T
èTH>D
d++~+q deTd\T
n&>& + .
` |]o*+#&+
` #]+#&+
` ||sY, | / |H |. ` de<q |\T

` q\ \ |
\T
#sTT+#&+.
eT |
s |
` {#s Y &
` |\\ H{T\T
` bsYb*j\T
` |\\ &
` ||sY, | / |H |. ` de<q |\T

` q\ \ |
\T
#sTT+#&+.
s |
` {#s Y &
` |\\ H{T\T
` bsYb*j\T
<s\T
` |+#&+
` #]+#&+
` |]o*+#&+
eT+q k<H \T
eT |
eT+q $<q+
s+s deT> eT+q+
131
132
d+<q+
esD
$<|eD\T
` *dq ueq\qT qq ueq\ nqTd+<q+

#jT&+.
` |Ps ueq\qT HsT ujT ueq\ nqTd+<q
#d >D ueq\qT ne>Vq #dT e&+.
` b+~q CH | s> T \ >\ ueq\T,
sy jT e# ueq\ nqTd+<q+
#jT&+.
` >D + b+~q CH s $wj \ (du )
d+<sqTks+> $j+#&+ .
s |
eT |
` $<] bC |
y~\T
` {#s Y &
` |\\ H{T\T
` bsYb*j\T
` |\\ &
` ||sY, | / |H |. ` de<q |\T

` q\ \ |
\T
#sTT+#&+.
` |+#&+
` deTd\T n&>& + .
` |]o*+#&+
` #]+#&+
` bC |
` ||sY, | / |H |. ` de<q |\T

` q\ \ |
\T
#sTT+#&+.
s |
` {#s Y &
` |\\ H{T\T
` bsYb*j\T
` |+#&+
` #]+#&+
` |]o*+#&+
eT |
<s\T
` >D |<C \+, >TsT\ T, d+\T |j +#&+ .

` s \qT >D y+ sjT&+.
` q >D y\ s \qT sjT&+.
` d+<s nqT>TD+> qq deTd\qT j sT
#jT&+.
eT+q k<H\T
eT+q $<q+
u<H u dq $<q+
s+s deT> eT+q+
èTT& (neZ ) <+X |{ b+<T|s# & + .

`b<+ #dTq | / sU \qT #d
deTdqT $Xw+#&+.
`q deTdqT | \T / sU \
#|+#&+.
u<H u dq $<q+
` ||sY, | / |H |. ` de<q |\T

` q\ \ |
\T
#sTT+#&+.
s |
` {#s Y &
` |\\ H{T\T
` bsYb*j\T
` nH&{
` de#s y~
<s\T
` |+#&+
` #]+#&+
` |]o*+#&+
eT+q k<H \T
eT |
eT+q $<q+
$#sD (Reasoning proof) 3) ue e s D

(Communications) 4) nqTd+<q+ (Connection) 5) b< + (Representation) \ k<q @ yTs
]+< |q *|q $<+ > eT+q+ #j *.
>D u<H \\qT <s+ #dT = >D <s| + |\ |< q+> <T (5) keTs\T ($< |eD\T)
|\\ +<s k~+#\ d++~. eq >D u<H u dq |jT \ sVD <s 1) deTk k<q (Problem Solving) 2) ssD
b<+
$<|eD\T
s+s deT> eT+q+
133
s+s deT> eT+q+
$Cq Xd+
u<H u dq $<q+
e. d. keTs\T
1
134
k<H\T
\ |X \T n&>& +
e{&+
#&+ (brain storming)
<s H|t e|+> #jT &+.
bs | d # ~ $
#]+#&+
|j
>\T, \T
sV+#&+
|*
\| #]+#&+
bs + eT< , es q
|X\| #s, ne>Vq

d s D \T, nH w D \T e+{
\ sVD
e>, T, |P] s>

\ sVD, |<s q
ueq\| +|Cj
T &+
|+#&+,
|]\q\T #jT &+ |\\ # |X \T j sT
#sTT+#&+
$wj
deTd\ d++~+q
|]\q\T }V+|CjT&+
bs+
e] nuk\| #s \T
# s TT+# & + eT]j T T | P ]
s> |<] +|Cj
T &+
|<]
+q n+X\| #]+#&+ ,
ne>Vq *+#&+
|j >\T eT]jTT d#q*e&+, deTdqT
>T]+#&+
|]o\q\T
|]\q\T }V+|CjT&+
|]s\qT neTsTe&+
|j
>\ sVD
y~ sjT&+
|<sq, #s, ne>Vq
$wje>Vq
eT
|X\T
|]o\q\T
HT|d\T
bsYb *j\T
<s\T
b<jT
&
HT|d\T
bsTb*j
#*dt\T
|j >| \T |j>
y~\T
T ]bsY
||sY | de<q
|\T
fdt
H{T
HT|d\T
\|T T | d.d.. ]ws Y
|]o\q\T
s |
eT |
|\\
HTT
\|T T |
HT|d\T
bsTb *j\T
|]o\q\T
y~\T
s |
eT |
\|T T |
#*dt
{#s Y &
de<q
|\T
HT|d \T,
y~\T
d.d.. ]ws Y
HT|d\T
bsTb *j\T
{#s Y &
de<q
|\T
nH&
d.d.. ]ws Y
s+s deT> eT+q+

e.d+.
u<H u dq $<q+
keTs\T
k<H\T
bs+X+ <s+> deTd\qT

> T ] + # & + ,
d e #s +
d]+#&+
d#q\T, |*e&+
e>+>, T \T
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142
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143
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144
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bZHrsT.
(}) +>+
Listening & Responding in various contexts of classroom interaction; nature of responses; as per
the context.
Reading comprehension - to the given pictures; graphs; known text and new text.
Oral discourses - to assess the children performance on the basis of the presenation of the
targetted discourses by following the indicators. In lower classes children performance can be
assessed on the basis of construction of action rhymes, roleplay/ conversation and responding to
simple classroom instructions.
Written discourses - to assess the children performance on the basis of the presenation of the
targetted discourses by following the indicators.
Vocabulary - The ability to use appropriate vocabulary in the given context.
145
s+s deT> eT+q+

2. du y> sdq n+X\T:
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bs+ |P] >H |\\ T $ #jT +& nuk\qT k++> HT|d + sj*.
> & T , d& yT{]jT e+{ y{ #d sjTL&<T .
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n+X\T.
dH, |X+ d d++~+q nuk\qT sjT&+, \T d]+#&+ , ^jT&+
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bs+ eT< , es q |X \, nuk\ k++> de<H\T sjT&+.
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b | y~\T sjT&+ yTT<\>Tq$.
() >D + :
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s> >~ u<Hudq |jT\T sVdTq deTjT+ |\\ |d+<q\T,
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20% 20% 20% 40% 100% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 40% 100%
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165
s+s deT> eT+q+

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166
s+s deT> eT+q+

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167
s+s deT> eT+q+

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168
2X1=2 EN
o|y t
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s+s deT> eT+q+

SUMMATIVE MODEL TEST PAPER
Class: III
Marks 40
Name of the student: .......................
Subject - English
Roll No: .............
Read the following conversation:

Mr. Bat
: The tea is good
Mr. Book
: Yes it is
Mr. Bat
: You know children like me very much
Mr. Book
: They like me even more
Mr. Bat
: I think children like playing
Mr. Book
: But children enjoy reading too
Mr. Bat
: Playing gives them joy and health too.
Mr. Book
: Reading also is joyful and helps to learn.
Task- 1
(5 Marks)
I. Answer the following questions:

1) Who are talking in the above conversation?
A.
2) What are they talking about ?
A.
3) Which character do you like? Why?
A.
4. Read the following sentences. Arrange them in correct order.
a) Children like both the bat and the book
b) The bat and the book were having tea
c) The book said that children liked it more
d) The bat thought that children liked it.
169
s+s deT> eT+q+

Now look at the Picture of the bat and the book
Task 2 :
(5 Marks)
Describe the above picture in about 5 sentences, in a paragraph.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Read the following narrative:
While the bat and the book were talking they heard a cry .
Help , help
They saw a rat running away and a pencil laughing at the rat . The book
walked towards the pencil and asked why it was laughing. The pencil told how it
frightened the rat.
Task- 3:
(10 Marks)
What could be the possible conversation between the book and the
pencil write it below.
The book : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The pencil : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
170
s+s deT> eT+q+

The book : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The pencil : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The book : Why did you draw a cat ?
The pencil : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Continue reading the narrative :
Meanwhile the bat joined the book and the pencil . They started talking
and laughing. Suddenly they became quiet . They saw Chintu coming into the room.
He walked straight to them.
Chintu put the pencil in the box . And then he put away the book in his
school bag.
Task- 4:
(5 marks)
What other things would Chintus bag have? Write them below.
1. - - - - - - - - - - -
6-----------
2. - - - - - - - - - - -
7. - - - - - - - - - - -
3. - - - - - - - - - - -
8. - - - - - - - - - - -
4. - - - - - - - - - - -
9. - - - - - - - - - - -
5. - - - - - - - - - - -
10. - - - - - - - - - - -
Continue the narrative:

Chintu took out his homework book. He read the poem given in his notebook.
I have a book
To read and write
I have a pencil
To write and draw
Task 5 :
(5 marks)
Add a few more lines to the above poem

-----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
171
s+s deT> eT+q+

Task 6:
(2x5=10 marks)
a) Read the following passage. Observe the underlined parts . Make necessary
corrections and rewrite the passage.
One day the little (1) red hen found a grain of wheat . Who will plant this
grain of wheat (2)
Not I ,
quacked the duck ? (3)
Not I, (4)
grunted the pig .
Not I , Purred the cat (5)
b) Read the following passage . Complete the paragraph with the help of the
words given below.
(under, on, over, through, along)
The train goes forests. It also goes rivers
and passes bridges. It also goes mountains. It cannot
run roads.
172
s+s deT> eT+q+

Class : 3 - Process of awarding marks
Task 1 ( Reading Comprehension 5 marks)
First three questions carry 1 mark each, If the child writes 1 of 2 sentences
correctly using proper word order, given 1 mark each. 4th question carries 2 marks
. If the child was able to arrange them in correct orders give 2 marks
Task- 2 ( Description 5 marks) If the child describes the picture with
relevant to the context, proper word order, without missing important words and
correct word forms, give 5 marks
Task- 3 ( Conversation 10 marks)
If the child writes all dialogues with relevance to the context, proper word
order without missing important words and correct forms, (give 2 marks for each in
initiation) give 10 marks
Task- 4 : (Vocabulary - 5 marks)
Each word with correct spelling carries mark
Task 5 : ( Adding lines 5 marks )
If the child adds lines with relevant to the context of the rhyme / poem
given, give 5 marks (give 1 mark for each line)
Task 6 : (Conventions of writing & Grammar - 10 marks)
a) Each correction carries 1 mark
b) Each correct answer in the blank carries 1 mark
Note: marks for tasks 2,3,5 together carry 20 marks these marks are to
be awarded under creative expression.
173
s+s deT> eT+q+

Summative Model Test Paper
Class : VIII
Marks 80
Subject English
Roll No.
Reading
Conventions
Comprehension
of writting
Vocabelary
Grammar
Written
Total
Discourses
Marks
Grade
I. Read the following story:

Oliver twist was a poor orphan living in an orphanage. One day he
asked for more food because the food given to him was very meagre . Asking
for more food was considered a big mistake and the board ordered Oliver
into instant confinement. A bill was next morning pasted on the outside of
the gate offering a reward of five pounds to anybody who would take Oliver
Twist off the hands of the parish . In other words , five pounds and Oliver
Twist were offered to any man or woman who wanted on apprentice to any
trade business or calling.
Now, there was a man who come to the parish to have a look at Oliver
and take him away with him. Oliver was called to the white washed room
once again. The man was introduced to Oliver as Mr. James Corner. He was
thin, with a beard and reddish eyes. He said, Dear Oliver , will you come
with me ? Oliver was afraid to go with anybody. He was afraid of the red
eyes of Mr. James.
TASK 1
Answer the following:
(5x2 = 10 Marks)
1) Why was Oliver ordered into confinement ?
2) Why was a reward of five pounds placed on Oliver ?

What does this show?
3) What would be Olivers answer to James question ?
174
s+s deT> eT+q+

4) Will Mr. James take away Oliver with him? What would happen to
Oliver ?
5) Do you think the Parish was right or wrong in selling Oliver ? Why ?
Continue reading the narrative:

Oliver had no chance to answer . The head of the board was looking at
Oliver as if he would eat away Oliver. Oliver followed Mr.James out of the
parish. Mr. James took Oliver to his house. There, James wife Maria was
surprised to see a small poor boy with Mr. James.
TASK 2
Answer the following questions.
(2 X 2 = 5 Marks)
1. What kind of man was the head of the board?

A:
2. Why, do you think, Mr. James brought Oliver to his home?
A:
TASK 3
(1X 5 = 5 marks)
Write a possible conversation between Mr. James and his wife

Maria.
Maria :
............................................................................................
James :
............................................................................................
Maria :
............................................................................................
James :
I will send him to School
Maria:
............................................................................................
James:
............................................................................................
175
s+s deT> eT+q+

Mr. James and Maria had no children. So , they treated Oliver as
their own son . They fed him well , and Oliver was admitted to a good school.
The teachers there were very kind to Oliver.
You can come to us whenever you have a problem , they said to
him. He also made friends with some of the boys. They were different from
those at the orphanage.
TASK- 4
(5 Marks)
Write a paragraph on Olivers thoughts at this point of the

story.

Oliver continued to go to school for a week now. He started learning
things. He felt the school a heaven. He read , played, song and painted. One
evening he thought of his old friend, Henry at the orphanage . He wanted to
write his experiences at school and home.
TASK 5
(10 marks)
Imagine that you are Oliver and write a letter to Henry.
176
s+s deT> eT+q+

Next day when he reached school, he saw many children crowded near
the notice board. He asked Rosy, Whats the matter? Why are so many
looking at the notice board?
Dont you know? There is a notice about the upcoming painting
competitions.
Oliver had a look at the notice.
Interested students shall register their names for the painting
competition at Mr. William (Science Teacher).
TASK 6
(10 Marks)
Now prepare similar notices for the following situations.

a) At a wash basin in a hotel :
b) At a ticket counter in a theatre / bus stop :
c) Near flower plants in a garden :
d) In a reading room of a library :
e) In a hospital :
Continue reading the narrative :
Oliver ran to his Science Teacher and registered his name for the
painting competition. The next day he brought his colours and painted a
beautiful picture.
177
s+s deT> eT+q+

TASK- 7
(10 Marks)
Describe the Olivers picture in your own words.
TASK- 8
(5 Marks)
Read the following paragraphs. Fill in the blanks in (b) with

the opposites of the underlined words in (a).
(a) The heads and workers at the orphanage were very cruel. He spoke
very harshly to the children there. The children were given meagre
food. Oliver was regularly punished. He felt like he was in hell.
(b) When Oliver, came to Jamess house, he found that Mr and Mrs. James
were very to him. He was given food and even
sent to school . The teachers there spoke to him . He
was for his achievements. The school was like to
him.
TASK 9
Make necessary corrections to the underlined parts in the
following conversation .
(5 Marks)
The members by this board was very wise and philosophical man. As
they turned their attention to the workhouse, they discovered that it was the
regular place of public entertainment for the poorer classes. It was the place
where they had breakfast, dinner, tea, and the supper all the year round and
free; where it was all play and no work. This was really shocking state of
affairs, they are of the opinion that poor should be given only two alternatives,
Either to starve quickly outside the workhouse, nor gradually inside the house.
With this view, they decided that the inmates of the workhouse would be
issued three meals of thin gruel a day, with a onion twice a weak.
178
s+s deT> eT+q+

TASK - 10
Read the following paragraph.
(5 marks)
I heard somebody comeing in a car. Who is it

I told you, its Gopi.
But Gopi is in Delhi, isnt he
Yes, Amma, its me Ive come from delhi.
Who did Gopi marry? Amma said, suddenly lowering her voice I mean,
whats his wifes name?
Dont say youve forgoten her name too. dont you remember, Vimala,
District Collector Nambiars eldest daughter? Gopis sister said
Supply full stops (.), question marks (?), Commas (,) quotation
marks (.. ) capital letters, apostrophes () etc., wherever necessary
and correct the wrongly spelt words in italicized parts.
Read the following passage

Satyam was too big in his aspiration and too small in his achievements.
He faced many hardships in his childhood. He had a strong desire to learn
Kuchipudi. In spite of that, he was humiliated by a teacher in his village. The
teacher said, Dont attempt to learn Kuchipudi again. You are unfit for it.
He made this comment in the presence of his friends! Some ridiculed him.
Yet, some others sympathized with him. And then, died his father. He had to
feed four sisters and mother. Beyond this Satyam was interested in nothing
but his favourite art form with some rudimentary knowledge in it. That is
hardly of any use to a person with a lofty desire!
179
s+s deT> eT+q+

TASK 11
(5 Marks)
Now, frame five questions based on the above paragraph. (Yes / No

Questions or Wh Questions)
1.
......................................................................................................
2.
......................................................................................................
3.
......................................................................................................
4.
......................................................................................................
5.
......................................................................................................
TASK 12
(5 Marks)
Read the following paragraph carefully. Write the different

meanings of the word present in the space provided.
Last Sunday, I attended Laharis birthday party. All her family members
and friends were present (1) there. In the beginning of the party, Laharis
father presented (2) Ms.Mrunalini Guptha, the world number one Kathak
artist at present (3). Ms. Guptha did present (4) a scintillating show. I enjoyed
the party a lot. At the end, I gave Lahari a marvellous present (5).
1.
......................................................................................................
2.
......................................................................................................
3.
......................................................................................................
4.
......................................................................................................
5.
......................................................................................................
Challenges
I have come to a frightening conclusion. I am the decisive element in the

classroom. It is my personal approach that creates the climate. As a teacher I possess
tremendous power to make a childs life miserable or joyous. I can be an instrument of
inspiration or a tool of torture. I can humor or humiliate, heal or hurt. In all situations it
is my response that decides whether crisis will be escalated or de-escalated, and a child
humanized or dehumanized.
180
s+s deT> eT+q+
d+>V D (dyT {y) |X |+ ` >D +

$<] |sT :
I.
s> : 3e s>
ueq\ ne>Vq, deTk k<q (25 esT\T)

1.m) sE { +&j T 326 |sT >T\T #d+ ~. l\+ &T 179 |sT >T #d+ ~. nsTTq
l\+ > \e& + m |sT >T\T #j *?
(5 esT\T)
(<)
_) seT ejTdT 37 d+es\T d ejTdT seT ejTdT H 18 d+es\T me nsTTq d
ejTdT m+?
2.m) >dT 3 | \ sT +&TT+~. n< >dT 4 ksT { bd bqT |P]> +|e#T.
nsTT n< bqT |P]> +|& m | \ sT nedse TeT+~?
(5 esT\T)
(<)
_) 5e s> 50 eT+~ $<sT\ THsT. M] 5>TsT #=|q >|\T #ksT . nsTT m >|\T
@s&q$?
(2 esT\T)
3. 276 G 98 R ?
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(2 esT\T)
6. 40 4 R ?
(2 esT\T)
7. 6, 0, 9 n+\# @s&T eT&+ \ |< d+K @~?
(1 esT)
8. 456 |<T \ kqeTT q n+ @~?
( esT)
9. keTys, T<y s eT< @ ys+ edT+ ~?
(1 esT)
10.
s @ss& e\dq d |\\ d+K
11. <y\qT =\T#T |j +# KyT q |eD+
.
.
( esT)
( esT)
12. k+ ~Hy | d+es+ @ H\ sT|+{sT?
( esT)
13. 5e ~ T<y s+ nsTT, sT y T<y s+ @ ~ neT+~?
( esT)
14. 5 G 5 G 5 G 5 R
( esT)
181
s+s deT> eT+q+

II.
sD\T ` s|D\T (10 esT\T)

1.m) seTT, ^ +~ deTdqT $<+ > #XsT.
(5 esT\T)
seTT
^
248
248
G 45
45
2 8 13
293
mesT d]> +#sT? m+<T?
(<)
_) X* eT]jTT wMT+ |dT H\ y&q $<TY jTqT +#\qT=HsT. ysT
+#sT.
X*
wMT+
|dT H\ &+>
250
250
(`) 1 6 8
(`) 1 6 8
> H\ MTsY &+>
118
82
mesT rdy q T d]> #XsT? m+<T? yTqT m d]#&>\ e?
2. s$ +~ >&j
s+qT #d deTj sX&T. s$ sdq deTjT+ ds q <H? # m+<T
sD+ *| d]#d sjT+&.
(2 esT\T)
12:20 >+\T
3. U > ds q n+\qT sjT+&.
9
6
(2 esT\T)
(`) 4 5 2
8
III. e|
s T
(5 esT\T)
1. =$T~ e+<\ @&TqT n+\ sjT+&.

2. +~ d+K\ eT< >& ds q (>, <, =) >TsTq T+#+&
86 68
3.
182
>&j
s+\ d+# deTj sjT+&.
(1 esT)
(1 esT)
( esT\T)
s+s deT> eT+q+

4. 62 <>sZ > q d+KqT >T]+ \T|+&.
(
) ( esT\T)
(n) 60
() 70
() 80
5. sT e+<\ <TqT d+# d+KqT \T|+&.
(
) ( esT\T)
(n) 650
() 6005
() 605
6. e{ K<T `.5 nsTTq 6 \ e{\ K<T `.30. B ds q >TsT\ qT|j +
sjT+&.
( esT\T)
7. 28 ` 13 R ? s deTdqT \T|+&.
(1 esT)
IV.
d++<\T (5 esT\T)
1.m) Vd $<sT\ sp 24 s b\qT $jksT . nsTT ys+ y] m s
b\qT $jksT ? | $<] ys 2 s b\qT ksT . Vd m+ eT+~ $<sT\ T
HsT?
(5 esT\T)
(<)
_) Vwt, $ y]+{ {+qT |P]> +bsT. Vwt q 27 sT, $ q
23 sT nsTTq {+ |P] |]eD+ m sT? $ {+ { \T +~.
+ {+ 37 s sT $T*+~ m s { $ y&+~?
V.
b< |s &+ (5 esT\T)

1.m) MT bsX \ n s> T \ $<sT\ d+K, sE Vsq ysT. VsT y] d+KqT
MT {#s Y dV jT+ $es\T +~ |{ qy<T#jT +&.
.d+.
s>
yTT+ $<sT\ d+K
Vsq y] d+K VsT y] d+K
(<)
_) d Ms| >&+ b<$ T bsX \ >D+ ~He+ d+<s + > sV+q & b{\
e+o T 18 bsTT+T, l+Y T 20 bsTT+T, d+< T 16 bsTT+T e#sTT.
y{ >Dq V\ <s |{ #|+&.
.d+.
T |sT
>Dq V\T
yTT+ bsTT+T
183
s+s deT> eT+q+
d+>V D (dyT {y) |X |+ ` >D +

$<] |sT :
I.
s> : 7e s>
ueq\ ne>Vq, deTk k<q :

1. +~ deTd\ @< deTdqT k~+#+&.
(10 esT\T)
(a) <TD<sT&T = |qT neT&+ e\q `1 u, = |\T neT&+ e\q
40 |d \ qc b+<TTH&T.
(i) `5 qw+ b+~q H\ n$Tq |qT\ d+K 45 q m | n$TH&T?
(ii) s H\ mTe+{ u+ > qw+ > <T . 70 |qT\qT n$T+f, m
| n$TH&T?
(b) seTT +& jTT |dT ejTdT, seTT |dT ejTdT 3 s T, 5 d+\ s y]
ejTdT\ yTT+ 70 d+ nsTTq y] |dT ejTdT\T m++?
2. +~ deTd\ @< < k~+#+&.
(10 esT\T)
(a) xy = 4.5 d+.MT., xz = 3.5 d+.MT. eT]jTT y = 700 =\\ xyz qT ]+#+& sD
e sjT+&.
(b) NE = 6.4 d+.MT., N = 500 eT]jTT E = 1000 =\\ NET qT ]+? sDe
sjT+&.
3. +~ deTd\qT k~+#+&.
(2 I 5 R 10 esT\T)
(a) eT&T dek\ yTT+ 8G13aG7a2 y s +&T dek\T 2a2G3aG2 eT]jTT 3a2`4aG6
nsTT eT&e dek qT>=q+&.
(b) uT + uVD+ 1050\T eT]jTT B n+s_eTTK D\T 2 : 5 wqTq
uT + D\qT qT>=qTeTT.
4. +~ deTd\qT k~+#+&.
(5 I 1 R 5 esT\T)
(a) eT<T es{ 5 \ +><T +|\T =H&T. 2 \ <s `.30\T nsTT eT<T m+
keTT #*+ #*?
(b) yTT<{ 5 |< q d+K\ d> T m+?
(c) 56 I 52 x R 510 q x $\Te m+?
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(e) s +&T D\ w 3:1 n+<T q D+ 1800 q |< D+ m+?
184
s+s deT> eT+q+

5. +~ deTd\qT k~+#+&.
(10 I R 5 esT\T)
(a) 4, 6, `2, 0, `5\qT sVD eT+ sjT>
.
(b) (`3) x
R 27
(c) \e+ 75 +& $<+ > `15/36 deqyTq nsD j
T d+K
(d) d+KqT s {+ |#d 7 \T|> 49 nsTTq~. nsTTq d+K
(e) Bs# T sd+ jTT #TT=\ 72 MT. y&\ T 12 MT. nsTTq b&e
MT.
(f) +~ s\ @~ s FjT kw q T * +~
(
)
(a) B
(b)
(c)
(d) Y
(g) +~ eT VQuT Mq kwy e TT\qT ^jT+&.
(h) 3xG1 R 2xG4 q x R $\Te

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(i) 20G30R?
(a) 0
(b) 5
(c) 1
(j) 5, 6, 3, 5, 4, 9, 4, 6, 4, 9, 5 <+X+ uVQ+
(a) 9
(b) 6
(c) 5
II.
(d) 4
(d) 2
(d) 4
sD\T #| &+ ` s|D\T #jT &+

6. +~ deTd\ @< < k~+#+&.
(10 esT\T)
(a) #T sT D\T 1 : 2 : 3 : 6 w +&e. m+<Te\? sD\T \+&.
(b )
ABC, A = 300, B = 400 eT]jTT C = 1100
PQR, P = 300, Q = 400 eT]jTT R = 1100
| =\\ <s+> $<] DeTT, DeTT, DeTT jTeTeTT |j + s +&T
uT C\T ds deq+ nq> ABC PQR n #b&T. d yTH? sD+ #| +&.
7. +~ deTd\qT k~+#+&.
(2 I 5 R 10 esT\T)
(a) seTT ABC uT yX \+ A= I 7 I 5 d+.MT.2 n #b&T. >|, n< uT yX \+
P
A= I 8 I 5 d+.MT.2 n #b&T.
.
T
7 d+.MT.
.M
mesT d]> #bsT? m+<T?
d+
6
Q
8 d+.MT.
185
s+s deT> eT+q+

(b) <+X |]o\q\T, 16, 72, 0, 55, 65, 55, 10, 41. dTqqT |]>Dq rdT+&
# q uVQ, eT< > qT=H&T. # q #dq ~ ds q <H? <? sD\T
\|+&.
III. e|
s T
1. +~ deTd de<q$Te+&.
(5 esT\T)
dMTs e< = e$T& | >\e. |< e< dMTs +f 9 e$T& | me HsTT. yT] q
e< dMTs, |< \ e< q e$T& | +f 4 me> HsTT n #| +~. nsTT yT] e<
q e$T& | m?
deTdqT ;JjT ded s|+ e] #jT +&.
9. +~ deTd\ de<q$Te+&.
(5 I 1 R 5 esT\T)
(a) 2y`5 ;JjT sb ys|+ sjT+&.
(b) z jTT 3 s 5 *|q nqT y ;JjT s|+ sjT+&.
(c) 35/50 X+ \|+&.
(d) 5/8 3/5 >& ds q (>, <, =) >TsTq T sjT+&.
(e) d e< +f 4 s T me sbjT\T seT e< qTq$ B ;JjT s|+ sjT+&.
10. +~ U\T |P]+#+&.
(10 I R 5 esT\T)
(a) 190 > R
.>.
(b) 0.7, 0.07\ |<~
.
(c) y H\Zeu>+ B ;JjT s|+ sjT>
.
(d) u $T b, mT h *qZ uT yX \+ A R
(e) 1/(`2) I 1/(`2) I 1/(`2) ............ m ksT B | s |+ sjT>
.
(f)
PQR, PQS \T ds deH\T. B ds
q >TsTq T|j + sjT+&
.
(g) 0.93qT _q s|+ sjT>
.
(h) I 5 nq> 5
u>eTT.
(i) 54300000 B beD s|+ e| s >
.
(j) +~ dek\ ;JjT ded+ ~.
(
)
(a) 11a2G6b2`5 (b) 2GmGn
(c) `30G16
(d) 3m2
IV.
d++<\T
11. +~ deTd\qT k~+#+&.
(2 I 5 R 10 esT\T)
(a) #T sT D\T 3 : 4 : 5 : 6 w +f D\T qT+&.
186
s+s deT> eT+q+

(b) ue q+ H\| deT#T sTCs+ q 3000 f |sT #& HsTT. = f jTT
s\T 45 d+.MT., 30 d+.MT. #<s | MTsT yX \+ >\ H\qT b*wt #jT T `25
KsT nsTTq yTT+ H\qT b*wt #jT T m+ Ks>TqT?
V.
b< |s &+
12. +~ deTd\ @< < k~+#+&.
(1 I 10 R 10 esT\T)
(a) +~ de#s MT ^jT+&.

$$< d+es\ us< X CHu.
d+es+
1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Hu
($T*jTq)
320
360
440
550
680
850
1000
(b) +~ de#s $j+ | (Pie) ^jT+&.

KsT\ $es\T
Hu
($T*jTq)
13. +~ deTdqT k~+#+&.
Vs+
s>+
<TdT\ T
$<
b<T|
320
360
440
550
680
(5 esT\T)
T++ H\ #dq KsT $es\qT +< +& |` + ddT+ ~. < |]o*+

+~ |X \ yT*e+&.
900
(i) T++ <| KsT e |&T+~?
1200
(ii) T++ <| KsT me |&T+~?

600
b&e
$<
900
(iii) T+ <jT+ `9000 nsTT, n< |{q KsT m+?

n<
Vs+
(iv) Vs |{q KsT `3000, nsTT |\\ $< |{q

KsT m+?
187
s+s deT> eT+q+
dyT{y e~] |X|+ ` 2

5e s>
|]ds\ $Cq+
deTjT+:
$<] |sT.......................................,,,,,,..dH . .....................,,H+sY.....................

I
$wj e>Vq
II
III
IV
VI
b+~q
>&T
esT\T
(20 e)
(5 e)
n) +~ |X \ @<H < de<q+ sjT+&.

1. $ds eed n+f @$T{? B +& nejTy$T{ ? n$ @+ |qT\T #ksTT ?
<
|sq & \T, \ <s eTq+ @yT$T $wj \T \TdTe#T ?
) +~ |X \ de<q\T sjT+&.
(5 e)
1. eekjTeTT eq <T |eTTT @$ ? y{ s T \T @@ |qT\ |j dTH sT?
(3 e)
2. +| & q&+ eT+~ <T n *jTCjT & e #| sD\T @$T{ ? (2 e)
) +~ |X \+{ de<q+ sjT+&.
(5I1R5 e.)
1. Bd+, B| >\ & @$T{ ?
2. u\\ V\ >T]+ \TdT<! e + es |j +#T V @$T{?
3.. +{ +&\ |+#TH yTT\ @yT$T neds+ ?
4. ksX |#d |]s\ = <VsD*e+&?
5. n&e\qT d+s+ #Te&+ eTq u< nq& e #| eTKyTq sD+ @$T{?
) n+{ de<H\T sjT+&.
(5 e)
U\T |P]+#+& :
1. >T+& #+<_+u #&\+f
sE X |]o*+#*.
2. {] T y\>\+f
\qT \T| r>\T +&*.
3. eTq Xs+ |y +q s>s eTT\
D\T bs&sTT.
4. \ + $ds\+f # +&
\T |#j *..
5. +& #T{q + + $d] n~ <s+> |&& sD+
188
s+s deT> eT+q+

|s # + & :
|e<eTT
T
|<e T
m) #\ &> T & T&y*
s +T c
_) #\ sT bj*
eTT+ s ke+
d) dT { &> *
e&<
&) >& | |Ty*
*q >jT+
) m|&T \yq |L &<T
II
|+#&+ , |]\q\T #jT &+

+~ y{ @<H < de<q+ sjT+&.
(5 e)
1. |y < y +{ ]q b++ e+# y jT e#&T. |\ >T]+ \TdTe&
|y < y jT qT @@ |X \T n& +{&T? sjT+&?
<
q~|q q & + e\ @$T sT>TT+< }V+ sjT+&
III
|j >\T/ |]o\q\T(5 e)
(5 e)
+~ y{ @<H < de<q+ sjT+&.
1. b*BH esY bs#{ j sT#jT & @yT$T edTe \T y*?< m j sT #j
sjT+&?
<
yTT\ |sT>T<\ + neds+ n \TdT& |j > m #j sjT+&?
IV de#s
H| D\T, bC |qT\T
(5I2R10 e)
1. eTq neds\ d+ ss \ +Te\ |q <s|& T TH+. n+<T =+<sT |+|+ , >=s\
|+|+ , > <\ |+|+ , |+<T\ |+|+ e+{$ #dT H sT. M{ qT+& >T&T, b\T, e+deTT,
#s eTT, msTe e+{$ b+<T<THsT. T\ ybs+ #d Jeq+ >&T |THsT.
| de#s+ $es\ <s+> +~ |{ $Xw + sjT+&.
|+|+ +<+
y{ |+#TsT
@$T
nqT+< T\ T
|sT
nesTT
189
s+s deT> eT+q+

5. +~ |{ q T |]o*+#+&. |{ <s+> +~|X \ de<H\T sjT+&.
yseTT
keT
eT+>
T<
>TsT
X
X
c>\ T
w >]w
180d
290d
270d
16 0
190d
310d
240d
160d
140d
200d
200d
150d
(5 e)
esb+
........
5 d+.MT
........
..........
2 d+.MT esb+
4 d+.MT esb+
1. ys+ n~ >]w c> @ sE qy<+ ~ ?

2. eT+>y s+ sE c> >&Z sD+ @$T{?
3. 2 d+.MT esb+ qy<q sEq w c> m+ ?
4. Xys+ H{ >]w c>q T { ~ys+ sE yesD+ m +&e#T?
5. n\ esb+ qy<q sE @~ ? H{ >]w, w c>\ T \T|eTT .
VI
|H| D\T / ueT\T ^jT&+ / qeTH\T j sT #jT &+ <s ue |ks+

(5e)
+~ |X \ de<H\T sjT+&.
1. Js eed ueT ^d u>\|sT sjT+& .|< |>T Vs+ b+< esT\ >T]+ sjT+&.
(3e)
2. us< X |eTT <D
~ sc\qT >T]+#+&. eTq sh m\\qT sjT+&.
(2 e)
VII |X+
d, $\Te\T Jey$ < + | dV *Z +&&+
(5 e)
+~ |X \ de<H\T sjT+&.
1. eTq+ H Vs+ yqT e\ XeT < +~ <! y] w <q y<\T #| & e @$T
#ke?
(2e)
2. sT, $<TTq T b<T|> y&eT n+<] *jTCjT & H<\T sjT+& . (3e)
190
s+s deT> eT+q+
dyT{y e~] |X|+ ` 2

8e s>
u skjTq Xd+
deTjT+:
$<] |sT............................................. dH ......................H+sY ....................

I
II
III
IV
VI
esT\T >&T
$wje>Vq
n) +~ @y s +&T |X \ $|\+> de<H\T sjT+&.

2I10R20
1. V\qT r>\T> k>>=e#T <! +{ V\ +& skjTq <s \qT <VsD\
$e]+#+&.
2. MT b++ < \Tw+ *+# n+X\T @$T{? < e\ MT b+ |\T m<Ts=+Tq
qc\T @$T{? y{ y]+#& e # d#q\T @$T{?
3. s+>jT |X e\qT yT|+Tq|&T qT+& X+ sTeTT\T, yTsT|\T e#sTT. $ m
@s&sTT? deTjT+ s+sjT @yT$T C>\ T rdTy*?
) +~ |X \ de<H\T sjT+&.
2I5R10
4. |T sD eqy[ $TT&T eyT <T $s~ L& n CM< #b&T. e n& m deT]ke?
5. ks T++ >T]+ MTsT #~ysT <! <>T]+ yd+ sj\+f MTsT m+| #dT H
@yH <T |< H+X\T \|+&. y{>T ]+ $es+> sjT+&.
) +~ |X \ y+ de<q+ sjT+&.
5I1R5
6. X>V y>T #T n m+<T |\TksT ?
7. |sY d { >T+& $<TYqT |+| @$T sT>TT+~?
8. <X + < \Tc |< q sD+?
9. Y|dT uqT H=&+, ~L| <+&jTk+ |u e+ |#d \ e >eT+q
& @$T{?
10. o|T <V q+ e\q *> |* + @$T{?
) U\ dss TTq de<q+ sjT+&.
5I1/2R2 1/2
11. eT <s\qT...........................|<s\ qT+& d+XwksT.
12. jT++ |T sD +Z #& e .......................... |j ke.
191
s+s deT> eT+q+

13. dTBsY eT+&TTq |\qT |H [ esq +q|&T s| t eT X+ e+~. n~............
yjTTe nsTT +&e#T.
14. X+ qT+& u yesD+ |y +# qq n+] \\\qT .................... n
|\TksT .
15. dk>|qt T |j + =*# n+X+. .........................
}) +~ |X \ d]bjT de<H >T]+#+&.
5I1/2R2 1/2
16. +~ y @ edTe \qT s|& <s yX *+#e TT
(m) bd d\T
(_) s&
( d) >* +|q u\H (&) seTT
17. s jH <qT+& j seT+~
(m) H\u>TZ
(_) H
(d) Hs
(&) d\TC
18. u>TZ eTTK nqT|T +
(m) sH
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(d) >*
(&) sT
19. +~ y $<TYyV+ @~
(m) d<q\+
(_) >T sT
(d) =] qH
(&) sdH
20. +~ y $<TY yVq T, w yVq T #| |<s+
(m) qTeTT
(_) +
(d) s
(&) k&jT +
II. |+#&+
, |]\q\T #jT &+
2I5R10
21. sujT \+ u $T n +<H \T n&T>+{ bTHsTT. n|&T eqy[ Jeq+ m
+T+< }V+ sjT+&.
22. { |#Y MT< <=]+# s\sY| | #d $$< \ >T]+ B| nH d+<V \T *>sTT.
MT @yT$T d+<V \T \T>Tj }V+ sjT+&.
III. |j
>\T ` |]o\q\T
1I10R10
23. MT bsX \ dq T ~He+sE MT $<T~Xw |T + #d |<] +# neX+ e+~. <d+
e @@ edTe \T d]ke. < m j sT#ky $es+> sjT+&
(<)
q \T, sX\ <* \qT |]o*+#& nqTd]+#*q |< @$T{? |]o\q @yT$T
C>\ T rdTy*.
III.
de#s dsD \T ` b |qT\T
24. +<H \ ]| $\Te\qT *jTCd +~ |{ \ qT |]o*+#+&. de<H\T sjT+&.

(+<H \ ]| $\Te\T C/ >+. |eD\ HsTT.)
1I10R10
192
s+s deT> eT+q+

e.d+.
d+es+
X $ T %
1 |& \ T
6,000 ` 8,000
2 \|
17,000 ` 22,000
3 u>TZ
25,000 ` 30,000
4 |{\T
45,000
5 d.mH.
60,000
6 j>dt
35,000 ` 40,000
7 V&H
1,50,000
n) |X e\ |&qT @s| +<q +> e] |j +#T&+ eT+~?
) yVH\ d.jTHjT y&+ eT+~ nq& sD+ @$T{?
) f\ bsTT y\Te&& +<q ]| $\Te m+ +T+~?
|{ |s+ eT+ +<q + n e < |b~ke?
) 1 |& \ T eT+&d m+ w+ neT+~?
25. MT >eT+/ |D
+ |{*jT+ T\ $j>+ >T]+ y~ j sT#jT { MTsT
d]+#e\dq de#s+ @$T{? mese] \y*? < qy<T #jT & de#s |{ q T
j sT#jT +&.
V ueT\T ^jT&+, qeTH\T j
sT#jT &+ <s ue|ks+
2I5R 10
26. qT| & w yVq T \TdTe& e #dq |j > $e]+# ueT ^jT+&.
d+<s + e rdTq C>\ T sjT+&.
27. U +CH dk\ $<TY |T { j sT #jT & @yT$T |]s\T y*? y{ neT]qT
*| ueT ^jT+&.
VI . |X+
d, $\Te\T, Jey$ < +, J$ $j>+
3I5R 15
28. < |]Cq+ * q e\ T sT \qT T H e{&e #T n CH #b&T. B e
m deT]ke?
29. V] q +& <>]Z |qT\T #dT e&+ d+ ysY u <T\T> d y&&+ e\ eTq+ #
+<H b<T| #jT >\T>T+ n nH&T. $wjT + MTs @yT$T d\V*ksT .
30. y+ de<H\T sjT+&
m) #+< \ qT |]o*+q|&T MTsT m nqTu #+<sT?
_) d + > |jT qT |j +#&+ e\ u+ @$T{?
d) u |+ +Z #& e+T w> @+ #ke?
&) J$+ eTq+ #d | | |T sD b +T+~ n e m #| >\e?
) bd q T $#D sV +> y&&+ Jey$ < |e<+ nH n+X+| H<+ sjT+&.
193
s+s deT> eT+q+
dyT{y e~] |X|+ ` 2

8e s>
Je Xd+
deTjT+:
$<] |sT............................................. dH ......................H+sY ....................

I
II
III
IV
VI
esT\T >&T
$wje>Vq
n) +~ @y s +&T |X \ $|\+> de<H\T sjT+&.

2I10R20
1. e] |+&+#&+ eekjT<sT\T b{+# kbH\T @$T{? y @@ <X\ @yT$T #ks
sjT+&?
2. k<sD+> Je\ |T m s\T> sT>TT+~? n$ @$T{? ;D\ d++<+
+& ]> |T <VsD\ $e]+#+&?
3. Jey$ < + n+f @$T{? < beTTKqT MTsT m >T]ksT ? Jey$ < |]sD
d+ e
@yT$T d#q\T #ke?
) +~ |X \ de<H\T sjT+&.
2I5R10
4. = s\ y<T \T m|{ k +& #jT e#Tq keTT #b&T. m~ m k< eTeT+<
$e]+#+&.
5. MT b++ \Twe TeTq { eqsT$T{? n$ m+<T \Twe TeTHj sD\T
sjT+&.
) e d]jT q de<H sjT+&.
6. y~s eTT\qT J$ qT+& eTs= J$ #sy d$?
7. ub >dt <Ts q m+<T ]+~?
8. m|\ sY <X + n+ nedsy T q $ @$T{?
9. esD eed $q sT\T m+<T |j >|& sTT?
10. H sk +T d+sD
+<+. B e\ *> u+ @$T{?
11. &yT j| Xs+ b @eTeT+~?
12. eqe Xs+ * #*+# D+ |j >+ @$T{?
13. { #] >eT+{sT. m+<T?
14. D#, +< eT< qTq >TsT+{ |<s+ e\ u+ @$T{?
15. eT+> >T&q T b~+#& @ |]s |j keTT?
194
s+s deT> eT+q+

) +~ |X \ d]bjT de<H >T]+#+&.
5I1/2R21/2
16. +~ y s+q+ ~
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m) w y {
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d) s &&{ T
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m) ||+ #eT+{ Vs+> |j +#&+
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d) ||+ #+ #> \_+#&+
&) m>TeT ~>TeTT\T me> +&&+
20. #] |<X \ |]ds b+\qT H &y CH > |{ + #& sD+
m) sB +Z #&+
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d) \Tw+
&) qBrs+ e&+
20. # s\qT V\T> es |jT qT ..............................n+{sT.
21. n+ke >+<T\ Xy\qT .............................. n+{sT
22. eT& n&e\T k<sD+> .............................. b+\ $d] + +{sTT.
23. &< H jT+ 45 nH < s T \T .................................d+ |j ksT .
24. bXs C w H e\q *> |j >+ .....................
II.
|+#&+ , |]\q\T #jT &+
2I5R10
25. y~ ssD
d+ s |] #sTT+#Te& y e\d e+<qT<+, n|&T e y<T \T,
d Je\ >T]+ n& @yT$T |X \T n&T>Te?
26. esD eed $qsT\T b @$T sT>TT+< }V+ sjT+&.
III. |j
>\T ` |] o\q\T
1I10R10
27. nZ |\ u+&T D\T |]o*+#& MTsT |j >X\ nqTd]+q |< >T]+ sjT+&.
( <)
MT bsX \ esD q Jey$ < |]o*+#& e nqTd]+# |< @$T{? < T
|+ ^d $e]+#+&.
IV.
de#s dsD \T ` b |qT\T
28. sj | {&bqT |]o*+ +~ $<+ > |{ q T j sT#d+ ~. < |]o*+ $Xw + #+&
1I10R10
195
s+s deT> eT+q+

e. d+ |]o*+q sE
1
2
3
4
5
6
1e
7e
11e
21e
32e
48e
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>T&T >T+&+> >T+|> HsTT.
{&bqT >T]+#qT
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n) | n+&\T @@ esT\ >Tsj sTT

) | s| $jT sT>TT+<q& <s\T @$T{
) | {&b =k] #| |k+<q&q sD$T{
) | J$ #] @ <X MTsT dwy T q &qT >T]+#sT.
) | J$ #]qT ns+ #dT & | |{ + @@ n+X\T #s\ e nqT+THe.
29. +~ de#s+ #~$ @$T#j sjT+&
seT eT >eT+ b& |]XeT, b\, neT+ yTT<q y{ >T]+q de#s+ d]+
y~ j sT#j \qT+~. +<Td+ yT #jT e\dq |qT$T{ #| +&.
n) @yT$T de#s+ d]+#*?
) mese] \y*?
) de#s+ +| |{ @yT$T n+X\T+&*?
) |{ bT> de#s eTs= $<+ > |<] +#\+f @$T #j *?
) b\ qy<T #jT & < jT{> rdTy*?
V ueT\T ^jT&+, qeTH\T j
sT#jT &+ <s ue|ks+
2I5R10
30. eqe XD
+ ueT ^d u>\T >T]+#+&. yT& u>+ +& yT{ U+&j m+<T
|j >|& T T+< sjT+&.
31. #sT e esD eed Vs C\ d+# b# sT j sT#jT +&.
VI . |X+
d, $\Te\T, Jey$ < +, J$ $j>+
3I5R15
32. MT >eT+ n+Ty<T \T |\+& MT >eT|+#sTTr e # d\V\T @$T{?
33. eekj |X bwD d++<+ +< qMH #b&T. n nqT m+<T nqTH&T?
34. y+ de<q+ sjT+&.
m) >* \Tw jT+D| H<+ sjT+&.
_) H{ > \ | $u qqT e m |X+ dke?
d) s+>jT q b\+ $|+> $Td+Vs eT+<T\T |j +#&T. n&T |+&+#
|+\| n_bjT+ @$T{?
&) eT> +& + @ @ |<s\T *|q|&T b\T |sT>T> esTsTT?
) | \ s|$jT >T]+ yd+ sjTe\d ed < e @ $wj b<qke?
196
s+s deT> eT+q+
d+>VD (Summative) |X|+

k+|TXg+
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I.
s> : 7e s>
esT\T : 100
$wje>Vq
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@yq s +&+{ yT\T sjT+&.

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3. eekjT edTe \ , syD eed @$<+ > nedsy <VsD\ $e]+#+&.
4. eTTqu<sY eT]jTT MT+<sY eT< qTq u< $?
b)
5.
6.
7.
8.
c)
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
d)
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
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sb yesDeTTqT us< X yesDeTT b\TeTT.
eT sT\ +f eT< esT\ me <jT+ se& sD$T{?
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+~ nd\ de<q |X \ yT\T sjT+&.
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yTT|T b\\ yTT<{y sT, e]ysT mesT?
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b$&+{ |+ & (u$ w~) nq>H$T?
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T +&.
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n+{sT.
q<T\T deTT<+ *d#
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20.
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(1 I 10 R 10 e.)
24. a) |uT |< \ <s nD>]q esZ\y] nuT q w#j
T &+, deq+d+ |uT + nH
#{\T#d |] V\qT b& |qjT+#dT + ~. #{\ bT |uT + nH |< \
<s, nH Xu\T> ndeq >TseTq nH eT+~ n_e~ d+ |jT dT+ ~.
1. B| MT n_bj sjT+&.
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b) Vs+> |<X
\, |uT d+d\ , |uT yVH\ b>>&+ w<+ , b>>L &<T
nH usT\ qT +#& d++~+q dH \ T 5, 6, 10 \qT \+|T d nTe+{ y] 100
sbjT\ ]eH, s +& | 200 sbjT\ qT+& 500 sbjT\ es ]eq $~+
+ #e#T.
1. ~ neT\T sT>TT+<? sD\T V+#+&.
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III.
de#s H| D\T (15 e.)

25. <X Hu d\ d+K yT | >T Z T +~ m>+f 1951 d+ |ysTT eT+~ |sTw\ 945
eT+~ d\ T +f, 1981 e#d] | 1000 eT+~ |sTw\ d\ T 931 eT+< HsT. 2011
d+ d\ qd+K d yTsT> 940 |]+~. n< +< |<X |]d |]o*d 1991 d+
| ysTT eT+~ |sTw\ 972 eT+~ d\ T HsT. 2011 H{ d\ d+K d |] 1000 eT+~
|sTw\ 992 eT+~ d\ T HsT. u\u*\ d+UqT #d esTd> 1991 975, 2001
961, 2011 943 eT+~ u*\T | ysTT eT+~ HsT.
| de#s+ <seTT> +~ |{ q T |P]#j
T +&.
(1 I 5 R 5 e.)
d\ T | ysTT eT+~
u*\T | ysTT eT+~
d+eseTT
<X+
sh+
+< |<X
1951
1981
1991
2001
2011
198
s+s deT> eT+q+

26. +~ |{ q T |]o*+#+&.
eT
d+K
1
(2 I 5 R 10 e.)
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J\T
H\ sbjT\T ESI, PF, y< |\ T, d\e\T, $<

4,500 ` 10,000 n\yqT, $Vsj n\yqT yded,
D , s>;e, <>u <, ] d+|T
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3,000 ` 4,000 eTBs D ]+ d+|T + +&<T .
XX s\T
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ESI, PF,
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| |{ <s+> +~ |X \ yT\T sjT+&.
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b m s\ ]\T +&e#T.
b.
]\+<] mesT, n~ ks\T, m+{$ b+<TTHsT?
c.
@jT ]\ <>u < +&<T .
d.
| ks\ n+<] eT&> e]+# ks\T @$T{?
e.
~ ]\ +f XX ]\ yq + m+ me?
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27. H&T >eT+ q|<T \T, |X | <T\qT, #q T, |\qT, |PksT .
1.
m+<T sT>TT+~?
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28. <ds |+&T> d\e\ se y jT }] y[+~. seT eT\ y]> |+&T>\T, m+<T
sT|+{sT n nqTeq+ e+~. eT\ >T]+ se y jT qT @jT |X \T
n& +T< sjT+&.
V.
|H| D\T (15 e.)

29. MTq us< X | + +~ y >T]+#+&.
i)
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ii)
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iii)
sTeq+| s+
(5 I 1 R 5 e.)
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=
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s+s deT> eT+q+

30. jTs| u| + +~ y{ >T]+#+&.
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b.
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VI.
c.
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e.
dd t |s \T @jT deTT<\ eT< q$?
|X+ d`dT +
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31. MT b++ \$eq T s*+# = d#+< d+d\ T MT bsX \qT d+<]+#sTT. B

s\q e y] mTe+{ d#q\T n+~ke?
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s+s deT> eT+q+
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<T M]+|Cd T y*. |> qy<T ]ws T qeTHqT |]o*+#+&.
d+es+ deT> |> qy<T y~
$< d+es+ es nq> @| ed+ s> y> |> y~qT
|s yD
~] (b<$ T, b<$ Tq bsX \\T eT+&\ $<~], q bsX \\T
| $<~]) s] qeTH de#s $T+ n+<Cj
*. B s> y>
eT++q+ ]q sT y | s> y[q $<sT\ , y $<sT\ $es\T, sD\
de#s+ +&*.
eTT{y ]sT, m*yT+ d d]|{
bsX \ sV+# u<H u dq |jT \T |\\ Xs, eqd, k+|T , <>,
$k\qT *+#& <V<|& sTT. |\\ T bsX \ #]q|{ qT+& y] n+~+#
u<H +X\T, \ T, k+d $<, s> yjeT $<, | +|PsY $<, $\Te\
201
s+s deT> eT+q+

$<`Jeq H| D\T yTT<q n+X\+{ |\\ |> |]o*+ qy<T #j *. B
d+ eTT{y ]sTq T sV+#*.
$<] bsX \ #]q~ yTT<\T m*yT+ $< |P] #d+ es s> y>
$<] |> bs , dV bs n+X\+{q |]o*+ qy<T #j *. y $<]
bsX \ qT+& eTs= bsX \ y[ eTT{y ]sTq T #]q bsX \ n+<Cj
*.
8e s> |P] #dq sy $<] @ bsX \ 8e s> |P] #X& bsX \
|< Hb<jTT&T eTT{y ]sT e] |J q m*yT+ d d]| {qT C
#j *. B bsX \\ |s yD
~] (eT+&\ $<~]/ | $<~]) <M]+#*.
= bsX \ < s> es +T+~. bsX \ #~$q $<] s s> #<e &
s bsX \ y &T. { n+{ |\\ b<$ T ksTT nq> < s> |P]
#dqT d]|{ y* +T+~. n+f |\\T ksTT d++~+q d\ y>
keTs\qT k~+#s ns+ . { s+s deT> eT+H C>> <s\
sV+#* +T+~.
$T{y ]sT s +&T s\T
1. { 1 qT+& 5e s> es Book let.
2. s +&e~ 6 qT+& 10e s> es Book let.
B &H u <|s # *. | Summative n|& *< + &T\qT |+|+, d++ rdTy*.
bsX \ e]> nq> 5e s> , 10e s> sT y e~*q|&T |\\ yj *.
>eT: eTT{y ]sT q d]|{| |<Hb<jTT&T d++ #d H >, |+>
<TMsD | (d]|{)qT ys bsX\ #s& $<] $&> L& y*.
bDT\ |+|+
|\\ bDT\qT |+#&e T+f n+ n_eq+ #ksT . ysT |\\ qT, |\
|\\ q qjT+ &Te&+ eTq+ #keTT. deTjT+ y] eTTK+ q+<+
y*b e+T+~. k<sD+> u\\ eT |+|&T |\\ H, |* |\\ H, #\ T,
eTT nH eTV |. y{ ysT +& |ksT . ksT . y{ e{&T +{sT,
qe+{sT. &T+{sT. |+|&T bDT\T q+<+> e+f q+~ksT . +~|&
u<| & sT. bDT\ |\\ ||+ #yT ysT > e+T+~. u\\T y{H |sT>TsT. y{H
+& eT |eTqT $d+ |Cd T +{sT. <> |+|&T bDT\ $_q nqTuy \T L&
b+<T +{sT. ysT n_e~ #+<\+f |<\ yTq eTq+ +{ dJe yesD+ y]
n+~+#*.
` EusTT
202
M/ B.L.
G
FA2
FA3
FA4
SA1
SA2
d+>V D eT+q+
SA3
1 2 3 4 M 1 2 34M 1 2 3 4 M1 2 3 4 M 1 2 3 4 5 6 M1 2 3 4 5 6 M 1 2 3 4 5
FA1
sD eT+q+
6 M
$wjT +:
4e FA G 3e
SA \ yTT+
y] |*+
>eT: |> qy<T ]ws T s> y>, d y> $es\T qy<T #j *.

FA sD eT+q+, SA d+>V D eT+q+
FA 1.|\\
u>keT+ ` |d+<q\T, 2. |\\ T sdq n+X\T, 3. bC |, 4. \|T T |, M b+~q yTT+ esT\T, G >&T
SA 1 qT+& 6 es q d+K\T $< |eD\qT dksTT.
bs+u | (BL - Baseline): B 134, 135e |J\ d+q $<+ > sV+#*.
y] |*+: e] nq> 4e sD eT+q+, 3e d+>V D eT+q+ esT\qT *| y] |* ss TT+#*.
. $<]
d+. |sT
s> :
9. s+s deT> eT+q+ ` |\\ |> qy<T ` ]ws T qeTH
s+s deT> eT+q+
203
204
$<] |sT
Sci SS
H\Ze bs{y esT\T

T
Sci SS HE AE WE VE
eT&e dyT {y esT\T
y] |* +
yTT+
>&T
esT\T
>eT: $< d+es+ es | qeTH |\\ |> | deT> y~qT sb+~+ bsX \ |s yD
~]de T]+#*.
.
d+.
s> : ........................
d+es+ deT> |> ` y~
s+s deT> eT+q+
s+s deT> eT+q+
bsX \ $<XK, +.|.

eTT{y ]sT
(1 qT+& 5 s> T \T)
bsX \ |sT
>T]+| d+K
e< eT+
$<] |sT
s>
n&wH q+sT
|{q ~
* |sT
+& |sT
ke es+Z
sTHe
yTTu q+sT
yTsTT .&.
205
s+s deT> eT+q+
bsX \ >
bsX \ d
1e s>
#]q|{ b{
5e s>
bs+u+ b{
(n) s es+Z (& >|t) $es\T :

() mT, sTe $es\T :
s>
mT
sTe
>&T $es\T
206
X+
>&T
91-100
A+
71-90
51-70
B+
41-50
0-40
$esD d#q\T
nTq |uq T qs#sT. =qk+#+&.
# u>Tq~. nTq |uq T qs#& w#j
T +&.
u>T+~. MTsT =+#+ w# d + |k sTT #s> \ sT.
|s y <T . MTsT w# d + eT+ |* \T k~+#>\ sT.
HeTe+> #jT >\T>TTHsT. b<jTT&T | X< |{*.
s+s deT> eT+q+

$< $wjT de#s+
sD eT+q+
(Formative Assessment)
` |> >&T
........ s>
|\\
s
.
$wjT + eT+q+ u>keT+/
d+.
|d+<q\T n+X\T
\T>T
FA1
+^wt
>D +
|]ds\
$Cq+
bC
|qT\T
\|T T
|
>&T
FA2
FA3
FA4
FA1
FA2
FA3
FA4
FA1
FA2
FA3
FA4
FA1
FA2
FA3
FA4
s> de#s+
y< | sV+q ~
q d#q\T, y< $es\T
mT sTe
207
s+s deT> eT+q+

d+>V D eT+q+
(Summative Assessment)
` |> >&T
....... s>
e.d+.
1.
$wjT +
\T>T
$< |eD\T
$q&+, + e{&& + , |X+ d
<s+ #<e &+, ns+ #dT e&+
sjT&+ (djTs#q )
dH
|<C \+/ ysD +X\T
>&T
Listening, Speaking
Reading comprehension
Conventions of writing
2.
+^wt
Vocabulary
Grammar
Creative expression
Grade
3.
4.
208
ueq\ ne>Vq, deTk k<q

sD\T ` s|D\T
e| s # & +
>D +
d++<\T
b< |s# & + , <osD
>&T
$wj e>Vq
|+#&+ , |]\q\T #jT &+
|j >\T, |]o\q\T
|]ds\
de#s H| D\T, bC |qT\T
$Cq+ ueT\T, |{\T ^jT&+ <s ue |ks+
|X+ d, $\Te\T, Jey$ < + | d V
>&T
SA1
SA2
SA3
s+s deT> eT+q+

d+>V D eT+q+
` |> >&T
....... s>
e.d+.
$wjT +
$< |eD\T
\ bZq&+, &d]
j>, yT&fw H , k{, > & , mH.d.d.
SA1
SA2
SA3
s>, e> , |]ds\ |]Xu ` s> n\yT

5. yjeT T+ d++<\T, u < ` |< e T
s>+, bwVs+,
$<
eT+ Vs n\yT
>&T/ $esD d#q\T
ueT\T ^jT&+, qeTH\T #jT &+
s+>T\T yjT &+, n\+sD \T #jT &+
]>$T, {H>$T, T, n*\ T
k+d
H{\ T, @+\ n_qsTT+#&+ ,

6.
$<, \ T =]j>|
b\T b&&+ , y< |]s\ $j>+
q+, k sb\T |<] +#&+
>&T/ $esD d#q\T
|eTT $j>+, edTe \ j
se bZq&+, u<\T s]+#&+,
7.
8.
|,
n+sY ]\+ se\T
+|PsY +|PsY <s+> HsT e&+
$< +|PsYqT $j+#&+
ke se\T ` XeT<q+
>&T/ $esD d#q\T
eT+ #&T $#D
Cq+, desq
sC+> $\Te\T b{+#&+
$\Te\ dV q+, <jT , <qTu , e> $\Te\T
$< Jeq H| D\T ` ue |ks, ke,
Jeq <> H| D\T, #H H| D\T
H| D\T b<jTT\T, dV <jTT\T, de+, bsX \,
|uT dT\ | ds q yK sT\T * +&&+
>&T/ $esD d#q\T
209
s+s deT> eT+q+

VsT de#s+
ed+
| ~H\T
Vsq ~H\T
X+
s> b<jTT d++
|< Hb<jTT d++
*/ +& d++
pH E >dT d| n qe+ &d+ q | e] @|
y] |* +
.
H\Ze sD eT+q+
d+. $wjT +
>&T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
eT&e d+>V D
eT+q+ >&T
T
M
EVS
E
HE
AE
WE
VE
d+es+ >&T
$esD d\T
eT+q+
d+>V D 1
d+>V D 2
d+>V D 3
210
$esD d\T
y] |* +
e.d+.
bsX \ |sT
#]q
s>
#]q $&q $&q
~
~ s>
n&wH
H+.
$<] #~$q bsX \\ de#s+

s
$es\T
|< Hb<jTT
d++
s+s deT> eT+q+
211
212
~ :
d\ + :
|< Hb<jTT&T
d++
l / e] ................................................................................................
* / +& ......................................... bsX\ ..................... >eT+ ......................
eT+&\+ ................... b<$ T $<qT ................... $< d+es+ |P] #dH sT. 5e s>
es s]+q $< |eD\qT k~+Hs <T M]+#&y T q ~.
$< <TMsD |+
b <$ T bsX \
|
e
T d d]|
{
s+s deT> eT+q+
s+s deT> eT+q+
bsX \ $<XK, +.|.

eTT{y ]sT
(6 qT+& 10 s> T \T)
bsX \ |sT
>T]+| d+K
e< eT+
$<] |sT
s>
n&wH q+sT
|{q ~
* |sT
+& |sT
ke es+Z
sTHe
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
yTTu q+sT
yTsTT .&.
bsX \ >
:
:
6e s>
#]q|{
b{
10e s>
bs+u+
b{
bsX \ d
(n) s es+Z (& >|t) $es\T :

() mT, sTe $es\T :
s>
10
mT
sTe
213
s+s deT> eT+q+

$< $wjT de#s+
sD eT+q+ (Formative Assessment) ` |> >&T
........ s>
|\\
s
.
u>keT+/
$w
j
T
+
eT+
q
+
d+.
|d+<q\T n+X\T
\T>T
FA1
FA2
FA3
FA4
V+B
FA1
FA2
FA3
FA4
+^wt
FA1
FA2
FA3
FA4
>D +
FA1
FA2
FA3
FA4
$Cq
Xd+
FA1
FA2
FA3
FA4
k+|T
Xd+
FA1
FA2
FA3
FA4
214
bC
|qT\T
\|T T
|
>&T
s+s deT> eT+q+

d+>V D eT+q+
` |> >&T
........ s>
e.d+.
$wjT +
$< |eD\T
SA1
SA2
SA3
$q&+, + e{&& + , |X+ d

#<e &+, ns+ #dT = #| &+
1.
\T>T
k++> sjT&+
dH e s D
|<C \+, uc+X\T

>&T
2.
V+B
dTHH, uH
ns >V DY kY |&H
djTs#H
dH n_e s D
|X+ d
ysD ,Y Xuu + &sY
>&T
Listening, Speaking
Reading comprehension
Conventions of writing
3.
+^wt
Vocabulary
Grammar
Creative expression
Grade
215
s+s deT> eT+q+

d+>V D eT+q+
` |> >&T
........ s>
e.d+.
4.
5.
6.
216
$wjT +
$< |eD\T
ueq\ ne>Vq, deTk k<q

sD\T ` s|D\T
e| s # & +
>D +
d++<\T
b< |s# & + , <osD
>&T
$wje>Vq
|+#&+ , |]\q\T #jT &+
|j >\T, |]o\q\T
keq de#s H| D\T, bC |qT\T
Xd+ ueT\T ^jT&+, qeTH\T
#jT &+ <s ue |ks+
|X+ d, $\Te\T, Jey$ < + | d V,
J$ $j>+
>&T
$wje>Vq
#~$ ns+ #dT e&+ yU+#&+
de#s H| D\T
k+|T deTq, ke n+X\| |d+<q
Xd+ | H| D\T
|X+ d, $\Te\T
>&T
SA1
SA2
SA3
s+s deT> eT+q+

d+>V D eT+q+
` |> >&T
........ s>
e.d+.
$wjT +
$< |eD\T
\ bZq&+, &d]
j>, yT&fw H , k{, > & , mH.d.d.
SA1
SA2
SA3
s>, e> |]ds\ |]Xu ` s> n\yT

7. yjeT u< ` |<eT
s>+, bwVs+,
$<
eT+ s> n\yT
>&T/ $esD d#q\T
ueT\T ^jT&+, qeTH\T #jT &+
s+>T\T yjT &+, n\+sD \T #jT &+
]>$T, {H>$T, T, n*\ T
8. k+d H{\ T, @+\ n_qsTT+#&+ ,
$<, \ T =]j>|
b\T b&&+ , y< |]s\ $j>+
q+, k sb\T |<] +#&+
>&T/ $esD d#q\T
|eTT $j>+, edTe \ j
se bZq&+, u<\T s]+#&+,
9.
10.
|,
n+sY ]\+ se\T
+|PsY +|PsY <s+> HsT e&+
$< +|PsYqT $j+#&+
ke se\T ` XeT<q+
>&T/ $esD d#q\T
eT+ #&T $#D
Cq+, desq
sC+> $\Te\T b{+#&+
$\Te\ dV q+, <jT , <qTu , e> $\Te\T
$< Jeq H| D\T ` ue |ks, ke,
Jeq <> H| D\T, #H H| D\T
H| D\T b<jTT\T, dV <jTT\T, de+, bsX \,
|uT dT\ | ds q yK sT\T * +&&+
>&T/ $esD d#q\T
217
s+s deT> eT+q+

s> de#s+
y< |
sV+q ~
q d#q\T, y< $es\T
mT sTe
$esD d\T
eT+q+
$esD d\T
d+>V D 1
d+>V D 2
d+>V D 3
>&T $es\T
X+
>&T
91-100
A+
71-90
51-70
B+
41-50
0-40
218
$esD d#q\T
nTq |uq T qs#sT. =qk+#+&.
# u>Tq~. nTq |uq T qs#& w#j
T +&.
u>T+~. MTsT =+#+ w# d + |k sTT #s> \ sT.
|s y <T . MTsT w# d + eT+ |* \T k~+#>\ sT.
HeTe+> #jT >\T>TTHsT. b<jTT&T | X< |{*.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
T
H
E
M
NS
PS
SS
HE
AE
WE
VE
H\Ze sD eT+q+ >&T
d+es+ >&T
.
d+. $wjT +
eT&e d+>V D eT+q+ >&T
y] |* +
y] |* +
pH E >dT d|
n qe+ &d+ q
| e] @|
ed+
| ~H\T
Vsq ~H\T
X+
s> b<jTT d++
|< Hb<jTT d++
*/ +& d++
d#q: $< $wjT de#s+, $esD d\T, s> de#s+ VsT de#s |{ \ 6 qT+& 10 s> T \ s>
y> eTT{y ]sT |J\T {sTT+#*.
VsT de#s+
s+s deT> eT+q+
219
s+s deT> eT+q+
$<] #~$q bsX \\ de#s+

e.d+. bsX \ |sT
#]q #]q $&q $&q n&wH

s> ~ ~ s>
H+.
s
$es\T
|< Hb<jTT
d++
m*yT+ d d]|
{
e<$T bsX\
$< <TMsD |+
l / e] ......................................................................................
* / + & ......................................... bs X \ .....................
>eT+............. eT+&\+ ................... m*yT+ $<qT ...................
$< d+es+ |P] #dHsT. 8e s> es s]+q $< |eD\qT
k~+Hs <T M]+#&y T q ~.
~ :
d\ + :
220
|< Hb<jTT&T
d++

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sb+~+qysT.....

l dTes $HjT, ]H sY, bs |d $u>+, bdt.d..sY.{., V <su<T

b&{+ > ` deTqjT+

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+ ` eX ` ueq\ ne>Vq

$<V #+ 2009, sw $< |D[ |]~ |+`2011

eT+q+ #jT e\dq n+X\T

eT+q $<H\T ` k<H \T ` $esD

u<H u dq |jT \T ` keTs\ k<q

s+s deT> eT+q+ ` sVD $es\T

d+>V D eT+q+ ` qeTq |X |\T

s+s deT> eT+q+ ` |> qy<T

s+s deT> eT+q+

1. s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+ (Coninuous Comprehensive Evaluation)

bsX \ sV+# eT+H, $d ns+ |]o*+q|&T |\\ |sT>T<\

s+s deT> eT+q+

eT+q+ ` eX (Need for assessment)

s+s deT> eT+q+

eT+q+ ` |dT |]d

s+s deT> eT+q+

<s, | $<H\ +~ d+dsD\T |b~+#&+ ]+~.

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+ m+<T?

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

2. $<V #+`2009, sh $< |D[ |]~ |+`2011

sw $< |D[ |]~ |+`2011 ` eT+q+

s+< $< V #+ `2009 ` eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

sC+>+ b+<T|]q $\Te\ nqT>TD+> bs+X\T +&*..

|\\ deT> n_e~ s>*.

|\ CH, X \ qT, H| D\qT |+b+~+#*.

u\\ |P]keTs + yTs Xs, eqd keTs\ n_e~ s>*.

|\\ eTqdT\T >jT|s# +& |\\ qT sj

|\\ qT +<+> #dT = ysT HsT H |< T , nqTyq $<H nq>

|\y & Cq ne>VqqT, ns+ #dT q $<H, CH J$ dyX\

b*yT+ $< |PsjT+ es @ |\y&T b+{ usY | VsT

u\T&T / u* b*yT+ $< |P] #dq sT y d+q |s+ y]

CrjT $< |D[ #+ ` 2005

& jT JeH CH nqTd+<q+ #jT &+.

{ |< T \ qT+& nu dq+qT <s+#jT &+.

bs|d +<+> +& |\ deT> $k bs|D[qT |]|w+

|\ qT eT]+ ds + #d s> >~ JeH nqTd+<q+ #jT &+.

<X |Ck$T jTe\ & |\\ d \ T, n_sT #T\qT n_e~|s # & + .

s+s deT> eT+q+

$<V#+ ` s+s deT> eT\+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

s+s deT> eT+q+

2. nu dq+ yTsT>T|s# & eT+q+

(Assessment for learning)

e Nz u Nz j N uNz N? uNz N? Eut Nz G tz NTz@

e N M? M? N{z? Eut Nz G tz NTz@

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