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Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Draw a general diagram of a gas chromatograph instrument and label all parts.

What are typical carrier gases for GC and what are their advantages and limitations?

What type of detector is used for your GC experiments and what types of chemical compounds can it detect?

Flame Ionization Detector (FID) It can detect organic compounds

What sample will you measure for determination of Kovats Retention Indices? C5-C8 Hydrocarbons (not really) Define what is meant by the term dead time (t0)? Equal to the time interval, after alteration of the variable at the input, during which the detector at the output senses no change in the variable. What parameter is calculated to determine whether or not you have achieved baseline separation of your analytes of interest? Selectivity factor () the ratio of the capacity factors of both peaks What is the role of polydimethylsiloxane in open tubular gas chromatography? Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) separates analytes by boiling point. Allowing the FID to detect the different compounds. What is a split ratio? The ratio How does electron ionization work? High energy electrons interact with gas-phase atoms/molecules to produce ions Why is electron ionization considered a hard ionization technique that creates odd-electron ions? EI is considered a hard ionization technique because it creates ions with a great deal of energy, it creates oddelectron ions because the amount of energy causes the molecules to gain an electron creating odd-electron ions.

How does a quadrupole mass analyzer work? A Quadrupole mass analyzer has 4 rods, each rod has 2 rods perpendicular to it with opposite voltage polarity applied to them. This causes the ions to oscillate in the area between the 4 rods. The ions motion is directly proportional to the mass of the ions. These ions enter the Quadrupole mass analyzer with a constant velocity, and this velocity changes depending on the motion of the ions.