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Polaris Burmese Library - Singapore - Collection - Volume 61
Polaris Burmese Library - Singapore - Collection - Volume 61
ppftmPm&Sifpepfwdkufzsufa&;
jidrf;csrf;a&;'dDrdkua&pDa&;vlYtcGifhta&;
aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61
txl;aqmif;yg;
ေၾကးမုံဦးေသာင္း (ေအာင္ဗလ)
အမွတ္တရစာစု ------------ ေမာင္စြမ္းရည္
စစ္အာဏာရွင္တုိ႔ႏွင့္ ဒီမုိကေရစီ ေ၀းကြာလွမ္း၏ ----------
-- ေၾကးမံုဦးေသာင္း
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61 1
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
ppftmPm&Sifpepfwdkufzsufa&;
jidrf;csrf;a&;'dDrdkua&pDa&;vlYtcGifhta&;
aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61
txl;aqmif;yg;
ေၾကးမုံဦးေသာင္း (ေအာင္ဗလ)
အမွတ္တရစာစု ------------ ေမာင္စြမ္းရည္
စစ္အာဏာရွင္တုိ႔ႏွင့္ ဒီမုိကေရစီ ေ၀းကြာလွမ္း၏ ----------
-- ေၾကးမံုဦးေသာင္း
yHkEdSyfrSwfwrf;
rmwdum
ျမန္မာျပည္သားခရီးသည္မ်ား ---------- ေဇာ္မင္း (လူ႔ေဘာင္သစ္)
“ဒု-၀န္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ေျပာၾကားခ်က္ႏွင့္ စပ္လ်ဥ္း၍”
ဘီဘီစီ၀က္ဘ္ဆုိက္မွာ ျမန္မာလုိဖတ္ႏုိင္ၿပီ
ျမန္မာျပည္သားခရီးသည္မ်ား
(၁)၁၈၉ဝ ခုႏွစ္။ အထက္ ဗမာျပည္တခုလံုး အဂၤလိပ္ လက္ေအာက္ေရာက္ခဲ့တာ ငါးႏွစ္ရိွခဲ့ၿပီ။
ေခတ္ေျပာင္းေခတ္လဲ ႀကီးအတြင္း လူတုိင္းက်ပ္တည္းၾကသည္။ ေယာက္က်ားသားမို႔
မိသားစုတခုလံုးရဲ့ တာဝန္က သူ႔တြင္ပိုရိွသည္ဟု ေမာင္ေမာင္လတ္ ခံယူ မိသည္။ သူငယ္ခ်င္း
အေပါင္းအသင္းမ်ားက မုိးကုတ္သို႔တက္၍ ေက်ာက္တူးၾကရန္ တုိင္ပင္ လာသည္။
ေမာင္ေမာင္လတ္ႏွင့္ မုိးမိုးတို႔တြင္ သားတေယာက္ သမီးတေယာက္ ရိွသည္။ တကယ္တန္း
ေျပာရရင္ မိသားစုက မ်ားသည္ဟု မဆိုႏုိင္။ မိသားစုကို လူတန္းေစ့ ေနထုိင္ေစလိုေသာ စိတ္က
ေမာင္ေမာင္လတ္အား မိုးကုတ္သို႔ ေက်ာက္တူးသြားရန္ တြန္းပို႔ေနသည္။ မိုးကုတ္မွာ
ေက်ာက္တူး၍ ေအာင္ျမင္ပါက မႏၱေလးသို႔ ျပန္၍ ကေလးမ်ားအတြက္ အလွဴႀကီး ၿခိမ့္ၿခိမ့္သည္း
လုပ္မည္။ အိမ္ႀကီးအိမ္ေကာင္း တလံုး ေဆာက္၍ မိသားစု ထည္ထည္ ဝါဝါေနမည္ဟု
ရည္မွန္းထားသည္။
(၂)
၁၉၉ဝ ခုႏွစ္။ ခင္ေမာင္ထူး တေယာက္ ဖားကန္႔ရိွ ပုဂၢလိက ေက်ာက္စိမ္းတြင္း တခုတြင္
မန္ေနဂ်ာအျဖစ္ စတင္လုပ္ ကုိင္ခဲ့ သည္။ ခင္ေမာင္ထူးက အိမ္ေထာင္မရိွေသး။ သို႔ေသာ္
ေနာက္ႏွစ္ႏွစ္ သံုးႏွစ္ေလာက္ ရိွပါက ရည္း စားျဖစ္သူ ႏွင့္ လက္ထပ္၍ မိသားစုဘဝတခုကို
ထူေထာင္ရန္ ရည္မွန္းထားသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ ၁၉၉၄ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ခင္ေမာင္ထူး တေယာက္
ေသဆံုးခဲ့သည္။ ဖားကန္႔ ေက်ာက္စိမ္းေမွာ္ထဲတြင္ ဘိန္းျဖဴစြဲသည္။ အေပါင္းအသင္းမ်ား
တေယာက္တ လဲ ဘိန္းျဖဴကို အရည္ေဖ်ာ္၍ အေၾကာ ထဲ ထိုးသြင္းရာမွ
ကုိယ္ခံအားက်ဆင္းသည့္ ေရာဂါကူးစက္ခံ ရသည္။ ထိုေရာဂါဆိုးျဖင့္ အရြယ္ေကာင္းတံုး
လူ႔ေလာကကို ေက်ာခုိင္းသြားခဲ့သည္။ မိဘမ်ားကိုလည္း ေကာင္းေကာင္း လုပ္မေကၽြးခဲ့ရ။
ရည္းစားျဖစ္သူႏွင့္လည္း တအိုးတအိမ္ ထူေထာင္ သည့္အထိ မေရာက္လုိက္ရ။
(၃)
၁၉၉၄ ခုႏွစ္။ စိုးစိုးတေယာက္ ဂ်ပန္ႏုိင္ငံ တိုက်ဳိၿမိဳ႔ေတာ္ႀကီးသို႔ ေျခခ်ခဲ့သည္။ မိန္းမႏွင့္
အခါလည္ သမီးေလးတို႔က ျမန္မာျပည္ မွာ က်န္ရစ္သည္။ သံုးေလးငါးႏွစ္ အလုပ္ကုန္းလုပ္၍
ပုိက္ဆံစုမည္။ ေလးငါးႏွစ္ ပင္ပန္းတာ အေၾကာင္း မဟုတ္။ မိသားစု ေရရွည္မွာ
တင့္တင့္တယ္တယ္ ေနႏိုင္ဖို႔ ဒီေလာက္ေတာ့ စြန္႔စားရမည္ေပါ့။ စိုးစုိးတေယာက္ အိမ္ ကို
ပုိက္ဆံမွန္မွန္ ပို႔သည္။ သူ႔ဇနီးကလည္း စီးတဲ့ေရဆည္တဲ့ကန္သင္း။ ငါးႏွစ္ျပည့္ခါနီးေတာ့
စိုးစိုးတေယာက္ သူ႔ဇနီးအား တယ္လီဖံုးဆက္၍ ေရွ႔ေရး ကိုေဆြးေႏြးသည္။ တိုက္ကေလး
တလံုးအဖတ္ တင္လာေသာ္လည္း တဖက္မွာက တရိပ္ရိပ္ တက္လာေသာ ကုန္ေစ်းႏႈန္း မ်ားႏွင့္
က်ဆင္းလာေသာ ေငြတန္ဖိုးတို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဂ်ပန္တြင္ ေနာက္ထပ္ တႏွစ္တဝါ ေလာက္ေတာ့
ဆက္လုပ္ဦးမည္ဟု လင္ မယားႏွစ္ဦး သေဘာတူ ဆံုးျဖတ္လုိက္သည္။
(၄)
၁၉၉၆ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ဖိုးေအး တေယာက္ ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံသို႔ ေရာက္လာခဲ့သည္။ ဘာမွမတတ္သူ ဆိုေတာ့
အုတ္သယ္ ဘိလပ္ ေျမသယ္ က စလုပ္ရသည္။ ပင္ပန္းလုိက္သည္မွ လက္ကုန္။
ရသည့္ေန႔တြက္ကလည္း နည္းသည္။ တရက္မွ ဘတ္ေငြ ေလးဆယ္သာ။ ဒါေတြကို
ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ေက်ာ္ျဖတ္ၿပီး အခုေတာ့ သံလက္ကုိင္ ပန္းရံဆရာအဆင့္။ အခု အလုပ္ ရွင္က
အရင္အလုပ္ရွင္ မ်ားလို အလုပ္သမားခ ေစ်းသိပ္မႏွိမ္။ သူ႔ကိုတေန႔ ဘတ္ေငြ (၂၂ဝ)
ေန႔တြက္ေပးသည္။ မဆိုးလွ။ ရြာမွာက်န္ခဲ့သည့္ အေမတို႔ အေဖတို႔အား ေငြမွန္မွန္ပို႔ႏုိင္သည္။
သူပို႔သည္ေငြကိုစု၍ ပ်ဥ္ေထာင္ႏွစ္ထပ္ အိမ္တလုံး ေဆာက္ဖို႔ သူ႔အေမကို မွာထားသည္။
ဝင္ေငြမွန္ေသာ အလုပ္ရွာရန္ခက္သည့္ ျမန္မာျပည္ကို အၿပီးျပန္ဖို႔ ေလာက္ေတာ့
သူမမွန္းႏုိင္ေသး။ ဘာဘဲေျပာေျပာ ထုိင္း ႏုိင္ငံမွာ ဆက္ေနရဦးမည္ကေတာ့ ေဗဒင္ေမးစရာမလို။
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61 10
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
သို႔ေသာ္ ရြာတြင္ တဲပုတ္ကေန ႏွစ္ထပ္ အိမ္တလံုး ျဖစ္လာတယ္ ဆိုေတာ့ အရင္ကနဲ႔စာရင္
တုိးတက္လာတယ္လို႔ ဆိုရမွာေပါ့။ ရြာျပန္မေရာက္တာ ထုိင္းကို ထြက္လာကတည္းက။
(၅)
(၆)
ေဇာ္မင္း (လူ႔ေဘာင္သစ္)
၃၁ ရက္ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၂ဝဝ၈ ခုႏွစ္
ႏွစ္ေထာင္မွ ႏွစ္သိန္းသို႔
ဘယ္သူႀကိဳက္ႀကိဳက္ မႀကိဳက္ႀကိဳက္ စစ္အစိုးရကေတာ့ ၂ဝ၁ဝ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲကို က်င္းပဖို႔
စုိင္းျပင္းေနသည္။ ဇြတ္အတင္း အတည္ ျပဳထားေသာ ဖြဲ႔စည္းပံုအေျခခံဥပေဒကို အုတ္ျမစ္ထား၍
စစ္တပ္လူ႔မလိုင္မ်ား အထူးသျဖင့္ လက္တဆုပ္စာ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မ်ား ေကာင္းစားေရးအတြက္
ဆက္လက္ စုိင္းျပင္းလိမ့္မည္။
ေဇာ္မင္း (လူ႔ေဘာင္သစ္)
၂၉ရက္ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၂ဝဝ၈ ခုႏွစ္
ဂ်မားတို႔အဖိုး
သူ႔မွာ ဗမာနာမည္ ရိွေပမဲ့ သူငယ္ခ်င္း အားလံုးက ငယ္ငယ္တည္းက "ဂ်မား" ဆိုေသာ
အိမ္နာမည္ကိုသာ ေခၚၾကေသာ ေၾကာင့္ ဗမာနာမည္ကို ဘယ္သူမွ မမွတ္မိေတာ့။ ဂ်မား၊
နီတြတ္ႏွင့္ ကံသိန္းတို႔သည္ ႏွစ္တန္းေလာက္ ကတည္းက လည္ပင္းဖက္၍
ေက်ာင္းေနခဲ့သူမ်ားလည္း ျဖစ္သည္။ ဂ်မားမိဘေတြရဲ့ အသက္ေမြးဝမ္းေက်ာင္း လုပ္ငန္းက
ဘဲေမြးျမဴျခင္း။ သူတို႔မိသားစုက အစၥလမ္ဘာသာ ကိုးကြယ္၍ အိႏိၵယႏြယ္ဖြား
ေသြးေႏွာထားေသာ ရုပ္ေရ သြင္ျပင္ကို ပုိင္ဆုိင္ၾကသည္။ သူတို႔ရြာက လူအမ်ားစု သည္
မြတ္စလင္မ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။ ထိုရြာသားတို႔သည္ ေရွးဗမာ ဘုရင္မ်ား အဆက္ဆက္
လက္ေအာက္တြင္ အမႈထမ္းခဲ့ၾကေသာ ျမန္မာမြတ္စလင္ စစ္သည္ေတာ္ အႏြယ္မ်ားမွ
ဆင္းဆက္လာ သူမ်ားလည္း ျဖစ္သည္။
ေဇာ္မင္း (လူ႔ေဘာင္သစ္)
၂၃ ရက္ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၂ဝဝ၈ ခုႏွစ္
(၁)
ကရင္လူမ်ဳိးတို႔တြင္ ေရွးအစဥ္အဆက္က ႏႈတ္တိုက္ခ်ေပးလာၾကသည့္ "ထားလကၤာ" မ်ားအရ
သူတို႔၏ သမုိင္းကို မွတ္ တမ္း တင္ခဲ့ၾကပါသည္။ ကရင္လူမ်ဳိးတို႔က တခ်ိန္က မြန္ဂိုကုန္းျမင့္တြင္
ေနထိုင္ခဲ့ၾကသည္ဟု ယူဆၿပီး ဘီစီ ၁၁၂၈ ခန္႔ တြင္ ေတာင္ဖက္သို႔ ေရႊ႔ေျပာင္း
အေျခခ်လာၾကသည္ဟု ယူဆၾကသည္။ ဒ႑ာရီဆန္လွသည့္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ "ေထာ့မဲပါ" က
ဦးေဆာင္၍ အခက္အခဲမ်ား၊ ျမစ္ေခ်ာင္း၊ ေတာင္တန္း အတန္တန္ကို ျဖတ္၍
(၂)
ဤဖက္ေပါင္းစံု အေျခအေနမ်ားကို ေတြးလွ်င္ ကရင္ေခါင္းေဆာင္မႈသစ္အတြက္ ေမးခြန္းမ်ားစြာ
ရွိလာႏိုင္ပါသည္။
အမ်ဳိးသားေရး အာမခံခ်က္အတြက္ႏွင့္ လြတ္ေျမာက္ေရးစစ္ပြဲကို ဆက္လက္ဆင္ႏႊဲမည္ဟု
ဆိုပါသည္။ မလြတ္ေျမာက္ ေသာ လူမ်ဳိးတမ်ဳိးက ခုခံကာကြယ္စစ္ဆင္ေနရမည့္ အေရးကို
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61 22
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
ေမးခြန္းထုတ္ဖြယ္ မရွိပါ။ သို႔ေသာ္လည္း မၿပီးမစီးႏိုင္ စစ္ပြဲ ၏ အက်ဳိး ဆက္မ်ားကို ဆက္၍
က်ယ္က်ယ္ျပန္႔ျပန္႔ စဥ္းစားသင့္ၿပီဟု ထင္လာမိသည္။
ေအာင္သူၿငိမ္း
ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၃၊ ၂၀၀၈။
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61 26
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
အကို္းအကား
၁။ ကရင့္သမိုင္းႏွင့္ ရိုးရာျဖတ္ထံုးမ်ား။ (မန္းလင္းျမတ္ေက်ာ္၏ ေရးသားခ်က္ ေကာက္ႏႈတ္)
Drum Publication Group၊ ၂၀၀၆ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ။
၂။ Across the River of Running Sand: The Ethnic Karens of Burma – Origin and
Folktales, Pa Thoo Plie,
၃။ Building Our Nation, Singapore Karen Seminar 2003, Meeting Minute.
၄။ John Paul Lederach, Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided
Society, 1999, Third Printing, Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace
Press.
ဖိုးေသာင္ႏွင့္ လက္ျဖဴမ်ား
ကေလးမ်ားကား ေမွာင္စပ်ဳိးသည့္တုိင္ ေဆာ့ေကာင္းတုန္း။ ရံႈးသည့္ဖက္က ျပန္လည္ေခ်ပ
လုိေသးသည့္အတြက္ ေဘာ္လံုးပြဲကို မရပ္ခ်င္ေသး။ ဖိုးေသာင္ ႏွင့္ ဖိုးေဆာင္တို႔ ညီအကိုက
ရံႈးေနသည့္ ဖက္ကျဖစ္ေလေတာ့ အနည္းဆံုး သေရပြဲေလာက္ ျပန္ကန္ ႏုိင္မွ
ဂုဏ္မငယ္ရမွာျဖစ္လို႔ သည္ေဘာ္လံုးပြဲကို မရပ္ခ်င္ေသးတာလည္း ျဖစ္သည္။ ဖံု
အလိမ္းလိမ္းျဖင့္ ေဘာ္လံုးကန္ေနသည့္ ကေလးမ်ားကို ျမင္ရသည္မွာ ေပ်ာ္စရာ။
ေဇာ္မင္း (လူ႔ေဘာင္သစ္)
၁၅ရက္ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၂ဝဝ၈ ခုႏွစ္။
စပါးလင္က သီးတဲ့ေငြ
ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့ အပတ္က ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္က လယ္ဧက ငါးေသာင္းကို ျမန္မာစစ္အစိုးရမွ ဘဂၤလားဒက္ရွ္
အစိုးရထံသို႔ ကန္ထရုိက္ေပးၿပီး စုိက္ပ်ဳိးဖို႔ သေဘာတူခဲ့တာကို မေက်နပ္လို႔
ေဆာင္းပါးတပုဒ္ေရးၿပီး တင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ကိုယ့္လယ္သမား ကိုယ္ျပန္နင္းတဲ့ လုပ္ရပ္မို႔
ေဒါသလည္း ထြက္ရပါတယ္။ အဲသည့္ေတာ့ က်ေနာ္ေရးခဲ့တဲ့ ေဆာင္းပါးမွာ ေတာနယ္မွာ ေျမကို
ကေန႔အထိမီွၿပီး အသက္ေမြးရ တဲ့ လူဆင္းရဲေတြအတြက္ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတျခင္းဆိုတာ ေလ်ာ့ခ်ဖို႔
လယ္သမားေတြမွာ ကိုယ္ပုိင္ ထြန္ယက္ေျမ ရိွဖို႔လိုတယ္ဆိုၿပီး တင္ျပခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ၿပီး။
ေဇာ္မင္း (လူ႔ေဘာင္သစ္)
ၿမိဳ႔သူႀကီးႏွင့္ ကံႀကီးေမာင္
ဟိုတံုးက ေတာၿမိဳ႔ေလးေတြမွာ ၿမိဳ႔သူႀကီးမ်ားက အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခဲ့ၾကသည္။ ဗမာဘုရင္လက္ထက္
ကတည္းက ရိွခဲ့ေသာ အေခၚ အေဝၚ ႏွင့္ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ပံု စနစ္ျဖစ္သည္။ ေတာၿမိဳ႔ေလးမ်ားဟာ
သာမန္ရြာေတြထက္ ႀကီးေသာ္ျငားလည္း ၿမိဳ႔ႀကီးတခုေလာက္ လည္း မႀကီးမားေသာေၾကာင့္
ထိုေတာၿမိဳ႔ေလးမ်ားကို အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ရေသာ သူႀကီးမ်ားကို ၿမိဳ႔သူႀကီး ဟု ေခၚေဝၚ ခဲ့ၾကျခင္းလည္း
ျဖစ္သည္။ ဗမာဘုရင္ လက္ထက္က ၿမိဳ႔သူႀကီးမ်ားကို ဘုရင္က တုိက္ရုိက္ခန္႔ထားသည္။
သို႔ေသာ္ အဂၤလိပ္လက္ေအာက္ တြင္ ၿမိဳ႔သူႀကီး ခန္႔ထားမႈကို ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ မဲစနစ္ျဖင့္
စတင္ေရြးခ်ယ္ လာခဲ့သည္။ လြတ္လပ္ေရးရၿပီး ႏွစ္ေပါင္း အေတာ္ ၾကာသည္အထိ ၿမိဳ႔သူႀကီး
စနစ္ ရိွခဲ့ဖူးသည္။
ေဇာ္မင္း (လူ႔ေဘာင္သစ္)
၁၄ရက္ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၂ဝဝ၈ခုႏွစ္
မရိွထာထက္ မသိတာခက္
ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ အပတ္က သတင္းတခု ဖတ္လုိက္ရသည္။ တျခားေတာ့ မဟုတ္ ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္မွ
လယ္ေျမဧက ငါးေသာင္းကို ဘဂၤလား ဒက္ရွ္ႏုိင္ငံသို႔ သေဘာတူညီခ်က္ ကန္ထရုိက္
တခုခ်ေပးကာ စုိက္ပ်ဳိးခိုင္းမည္ဆိုေသာ သတင္းပင္။ အဂၤလိပ္ ေခတ္တံုးက ေငြတိုးေခ်းစားသည့္
ခ်စ္တီးကုလားမ်ားကို တင္သြင္းလာသည့္ သေဘာႏွင့္ အတူတူပင္ ျဖစ္သည္ကို
ေတြ႔လုိက္ရသည္။
ေဇာ္မင္း (လူ႔ေဘာင္သစ္)
၁၃ရက္ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၂ဝဝ၈ ခုႏွစ္
Deininger, K, 2001 "Negotiated Land Reform as One Way of Land Access: Initial
Expression from Columbia, Brazil and South Africa", in A de Janvry et al, eds,
Access to Land, Rural Poverty and Public Action. UNU/WIDER and Oxford University
Press.
သည္ေလာကႀကီးထဲ ျပဳတ္က်သြားျခင္း
သူ႔နာမည္က "ေပါင္"။ ထုိင္းလိုနာမည္ အရွည္ရိွေပမဲ့ "ေပါင္" လို႔မွတ္ထားေတာ့ မွတ္မိ
လြယ္တာေပါ့။ ေပါင္ရဲ့ မိဘေတြက သူတို႔ ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံ အဆင့္အတန္းနဲ႔ဆိုရင္ မရိွမရွား
လူလတ္တန္းစားဟု ဆိုႏုိင္သည္။ ေပါင္ တေယာက္ အလယ္တန္းျပ ေက်ာင္းဆရာ ျဖစ္လာတာ
၁၉၇၅ ခုႏွစ္ေလာက္က။
ေဇာ္မင္း (လူ႔ေဘာင္သစ္)
၁ဝရက္ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၂ဝဝ၈ ခုႏွစ္ http://fine-leaves.blogspot.com/2008/10/blog-
post_10.html
“မင္းကုိႏုိင္”
မင္းကုိႏုိင္….
ေရးသူ....စုိးထြန္း
“သံမဏိလိပ္ျပာငယ္တုိ႔၏ ေတာင္ပံ႐ုိက္ခတ္သံမ်ား”
ဖိႏွိပ္တတ္တဲ့ အစုိးရတရပ္ (သုိ႔မဟုတ္) အခုိင္အခန္႔တည္ရွိတဲ့ အာဏာရွင္စနစ္ ႀကီးတခုလုံးကုိ
ၿဖဳိဖ်က္ဘုိ႔ ခက္ခဲလွတဲ့ အုတ္နံရံႀကီးနဲ႔ တင္စားတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ အဲသည္လုိ အာဏာရွင္အစုိးရ
(သုိ႔မဟုတ္) အာဏာရွင္စနစ္တရပ္ကုိ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲဘုိ႔၊ လြတ္လပ္ေရးကို အရယူဘုိ႔
ႀကဳိးစားသူေတြကုိေတာ့ အုတ္နံရံကုိ ေခါင္းနဲ႔ တုိက္သူေတြဘဲရယ္လုိ႔
တင္စားေျပာေလ့ရွိၾကပါတယ္။
Since I began to read actively in my teens, I have been keeping myself aware of
civil disobedience and how it is effectively used by people all over the world. In
relation, I could always see the merit, reason and rationale in the actions of Dr
Chee Soon Juan. Meeting and befriending him a few years ago helped assure my
opinions.
We mostly worked together from then on and then came March the 15th – a day I
knew was going to be different. On that day, we were going to send a strong and
clear message to the authorities that we've had enough.
Almost everyone was arrested, myself being dragged on the road by police officers
who refused to tell me what I was being arrested for. This Thursday all 18 of us
will be tried in court, and after that, probably jailed.
In the years to come, I hope for you and I in Singapore to reclaim the term "nation
building" from the government, its institutions and its media. And in doing so, open
the way for Singaporeans to participate more actively in all facets of life so that we
may together build a future that we can call our own.
Note: Mr Seelan held a 5-day protest (watch video here) outside the Malaysian
High Commission in 2007, calling on the Malaysian government to release the five
Hindu Rights Action Force (HINDRAF) leaders who were detained without trial. He
also initiated the 400 frowns campaign in response to the Singapore government's
4 million smiles program during the World Bank-IMF meeting held here in 2006.
For that project, he was detained and investigated by the police, and had his
computer seized. He was not charged.
“မၿပီးေသးေသာ”
ႏွစ္ရွည္လမ်ား
လုံးပါး ပါးခဲ့တဲ့ လူမမာမုိ႔
“ဘယ္သူေသေသ
ငေတမာရင္ ၿပီးေရာ”
ေတာက်ီးကန္းတစု
ဆင္ေသေပၚေနရာလုရင္း
ရာစုထက္၀က္မက
ေမွ်ာပါၿပီးလုိက္ေနၾက၊
“ငါမဆုိင္” မုိးခါးေရေတြေသာက္သုံးမိလုိ႔
ဆင္ျခင္တုံတရားေတြလည္း ေပ်ာက္ဆုံး
လႈိင္းေလ တ၀ုန္း၀ုန္း
ပ်က္သုဥ္းျခင္း ပင္လယ္ဆီကုိ
ခ်ီေလတဲ့ ခ်ီေလ….။
“ခပ္ကင္းကင္းေနပါရေစ”တဲ့
နင္းျပားေလးေတြရဲ႕ ေအာ္သံ
တြင္းထဲက လွ်ံတက္
ကယ္သူ႕လက္က ထြက္ေျပး
ေအးေလ…ေစာလူးမင္းနဲ႔ ႏုိ႕စုိ႔ဘက္ဇာတ္လမ္း
တေခတ္ဆန္းခ်ိန္ ထင္ပါရဲ႕။
ေဟာသည္မွာ တမ်ဳိး….
“ရန္သူကုိ ၀င္ေပါင္းၿပီး
အတြင္းက ေျပာင္းဦးမတဲ့”
အလဲ့…. တယ္ဆုိတဲ့စာပါလား
ထ႐ုိဂ်န္ျမင္း႐ုပ္
အလုပ္မျဖစ္တာ ၾကာၿပီအကုိ။
ေခတ္ပ်က္မုိးႀကီးက်ၿပီဆုိ
ဒီလုိအသံေတြ ေသာေသာညံေပါ႔။
ကိစၥမရွိ…..
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61 54
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
(ဆရာဂ်မ္းနဲ႔ဆရာစြမ္းေရ)
“မီးအုပ္နဲ႔တုတ္”သာ
မစပါ ဆရာ။
လူမမာအတြက္ အာဟာရ
ေခတၱေတာ့ ဖူလုံေစ့မယ္။
အားျပတ္ေနတဲ့လူေကာင္းနဲ႔
ဗုိက္ေဖာင္းေနတဲ့လူဆုိး
ႀကဳိး၀ုိင္းအျပင္ဘက္
တဖက္သတ္ထုိးပြဲမွာ
ဒုိင္လူႀကီးပါ….တဲ့။
သမာဓိအျပည့္နဲ႔
ၾကားေနရဲတဲ့ သတၱိ
ေလးစားမိေတာ့သကြာ။
“အစြယ္လုိသူ မိဖုရား
အသြားေစခုိင္းသူ မင္းဧကရာဇ္
ေလးပစ္သူ ဘုရားကၽြန္ေတာ္
ဤႀကံေဖာ္ႀကံဖက္ သုံးေယာက္သားအနက္တြင္မွ” ဆုိၿပီး
ပု၀ါႏွစ္စ
ဘယ္ညာခ်လုိ႔
မ်က္ရည္စေတြနဲ႔ တေန႔
ေသာႏုတၳဳိရ္ ႀကဳံရပါေစ့မယ္။
ေမ့လုိ႔ မရဘူး….
ခ်စ္ေလသူတေယာက္ကေတာ့
ျပဴတင္းေပါက္ကေန အေ၀း
ေငးေမာရင္း ပင့္သက္႐ႈိက္ေနေလမလား။
သူ႕မ်က္ရည္တစ
ပါးျပင္ေပၚ စီးက်ခဲ့လွ်င္ေတာ့
အားလုံးရင္ထဲ
နာက်င္ေၾကကြဲ….
ေရာင္စုံပန္းခ်ီကားတခ်ပ္
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61 55
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
အၿပီးမသတ္ေသးခင္
ေဆးစက္က်ရာ အ႐ုပ္ထင္ဘုိ႔
ႀကဳိးစားခ်င္ဆဲ။
ကုိေပါ (၂၀၀၆)
“ဥပေဒႏွင့္မညီေသာ ဥပေဒ”
(စကၤာပူ ဒု-၀န္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ ေ၀ါင္ကန္ဆင္းေျပာၾကားခ်က္ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ စကၤာပူလူမ်ဳိး နာမည္ေက်ာ္
ေဆာင္းပါးရွင္ Alex Au (yawningbread) ေရးသားေသာ Burmese patriots "undesirable",
says Singapore government ေဆာင္းပါးအား ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိသည္။)
ဥပေဒႏွင့္မညီေသာ ဥပေဒမ်ား
[snip]
One such activity was a street protest on Nov 20 last year during the
Asean Summit. Some 40 people, carrying banners, walked down a
pavement outside the Orchard Parade Hotel to voice their discontent
with the junta.
The full articles in the Straits Times and Today are archived here.
The Straits Times helpfully provided a list of the "unlawful" things that
the Overseas Burmese Patriots (OBP) organised, compared to the
Does a country have the right to decide who enters and who should
leave? Of course. On that principle, there should be no dispute. The
question is what considerations go into deciding who should leave? If
the considerations are arbitrary or poorly founded, are they rightful?
[snip]
... Mr Wong denounced them for politicising the issue through the
media and through "uninformed foreign groups".
As you can see above, Wong said these individuals had persistently
defied the laws of Singapore. I think Singaporeans need to ask
themselves, how lawful are these laws, or at least, how lawful is the
manner in which these laws are interpreted? Because if they are
unlawful, then there is no moral justification for doing what the
government did.
Unlawful laws
The law the Wong claimed the Burmese broke was that regulating the
freedom the assembly. In essence, Wong said these individuals were
instrumental in organising protest marches without a licence from the
government.
But the reality is that licences are almost never given, except for such
government-promoted events like the Chingay float parade. This
pattern of refusal strongly suggests that the intent of the law has been
thwarted; instead of applying a reasoned consideration of public
safety, it has been used to stifle dissenting opinion – a breach of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, now regarded as customary
international law.
Can you penalise someone when the rule he is said to have broken is
an unjust rule in the first place?
© Yawning Bread
Footnotes
None
Addenda
“ဒု-၀န္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ေျပာၾကားခ်က္ႏွင့္ စပ္လ်ဥ္း၍”
Written by Ng E-Jay
19 Sept 2008
Deputy Prime Minister and Home Affairs Minister Wong Kan Seng has confirmed the true
intent behind the non-renewal of visas and work permits of some Burmese patriots in
Singapore who were involved in peaceful assemblies and demonstrations.
As expected, DPM Wong has affirmed that “persistent defiance of the laws” was the real
reason why a number of Burmese nationals
working or studying here were asked to leave
when their immigration passes expired. (ST,
“Myanmar activists ‘defied our laws’”, 18 Sept
2008)
DPM Wong’s statement does not come as a surprise to any of us. The question is, why has
the Government taken so long to confirm what we had known all along?
When 6 Burmese patriots were denied renewals of their PR re-entry permits, employment
passes, work permits, or social visit passes by the Immigration and Checkpoint Authority
(ICA) and the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) in July/Aug this year, no reason was provided
by the authorities. Even on appeal, no reason was given for the rejections. Why has the
Government taken so long to come clean as to the real reason for all this?
DPM Wong said the Burmese nationals disregarded Singapore laws by staging illegal
activities, like outdoor protests, to pursue their political agenda.
The purpose of this article is not to judge whether the laws against public assembly of 5 or
more persons are just or unjust, or to provide reasons whether this particular law has been
selectively applied to suppress dissent. Long time readers know my stand on this.
Rather, I would like to put forward the point that the authorities have displayed a distinct
lack of compassion towards the Burmese patriots.
The Overseas Burmese Patriots protested against the murderous actions of the junta against
monks and civilians, as well as the sham referendum on the new military-drafted
Constitution for Burma. These are just causes that deserve a voice, and these issues affect
the lives and families of all Burmese. Why has the Government displayed such insensitivity
and lack of compassion by castigating the Burmese who participated in these peaceful
demonstrations? These Burmese patriots conducted all their activities peacefully and did not
cause any public disturbance or inconvenience, so why are they being judged on the same
level as petty criminals?
DPM Wong said that these Burmese “chose to break the law and yet defiantly demand the
right to stay in Singapore as an entitlement“.
This statement is loaded and biased. The Burmese patriots never claimed, explicitly or
implicitly, that they felt their stay in Singapore was an entitlement. During a press
conference on 22 Aug at Peninsula Excelsior Hotel, the host, Mr Myo Myint Maung Marc,
emphasized that the Burmese were not seeking special favours, but only the right to be
treated fairly.
DPM Wong also said, “They have tried to politicize the issue through the media and
through uninformed foreign groups, in the process distorting the actions to remove them
from Singapore as being politically motivated.”
In my opinion, it is DPM Wong who is politicizing the issue, not the Burmese patriots.
When lives and families are at stake, is it so wrong to go public with the issue so as to make
known their plight? If it were a group of Singaporeans who was being victimized in another
foreign country, perhaps DPM Wong would also prefer them to remain silent about their
plight?
A BBC radio report that a daughter of Burmese junta leader Snr-Gen Than Shwe
went shopping for gold worth more than US $80,000 is a hot topic of discussion
these days at teashop tables in Mandalay.
“People were shocked to hear about the extravagance,” said a Mandalay gold dealer.
“I’d like to ask her where the money came from when most Burmese people are
poor and some are starving.”
The report reignited anger over the extravagance of the marriage in July 2006 of
one of Than Shwe’s daughters, Thandar, who draped herself in the precious metal
when she married Maj Zaw Phyo Win. The bridal pair were showered with
expensive gifts estimated to have cost the equivalent of $50 million.
One Rangoon gold dealer suggested that Than Shwe’s family wanted to invest in the
precious metal at a time when the price of bullion had dropped.
Copyright © 2008 Irrawaddy Publishing Group | www.irrawaddy.org
Former student leader Min Ko Naing and eight leading political activists from the
88 Generation Students group were transferred on Friday morning from Rangoon’s
Insein Prison to Maubin Prison in Irrawaddy Division two days after they were
sentenced to six months imprisonment for disrespecting the court, according to
sources inside Insein Prison.
A staff member at Insein told The Irrawaddy on Friday that Min Ko Naing and
eight political prisoners were loaded into a prison truck, which left the prison at
about 7am escorted by two police vehicles.
Several members of the 88 Generation Students group were arrested, including Min
Ko Naing, Ko Ko Gyi and Pyone Cho, after they led a march on August 19, 2007,
against sharp increases in the price of fuel and other commodities, which led to
mass demonstrations led by Buddhist monks the following month.
Since August 2008, more than 35 members of the 88 Generation Students group
have been charged by the Insein Prison Special Court under a variety of charges,
including Section 4 of the SPDC Law No. 5/96 (Endangering the National
Convention).
“They will not get regular family visits in Maubin,” Bo Kyi said. “The prison transfer
will cause trouble for the prisoners’ health, their families and their lawyers.”
COVER STORY
Burmese Daze
By TOM KRAMER NOVEMBER, 2008 - VOLUME 16 NO.11
OPIUM cultivation in Burma, Laos and Thailand has decreased over the last ten
years. The region where these three countries meet—known as the Golden
Triangle—once produced most of the world’s opium. But that position has been
taken over by Afghanistan, which has seen a massive increase in poppy cultivation
and is today responsible for more than 90 percent of global opium production.
According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the Golden
Triangle region produced some 1,300 metric tons (tonnes), or one-third of the
world’s opium in 1998; by 2007, it produced 460 tonnes, or around 5 percent.
UN drug-control officials have hailed the decline as a great success. “The Golden
Triangle is closing a dramatic period of opium reduction,” said Antonio Maria
Costa, the director of UNODC. “A decade-long process of drug control is clearly
paying off.”
But some observers believe that these figures were politically motivated, and were
used to later claim credit for a decline that only existed on paper. “The figures
bandied about in grand conferences and impressive reports are quite overblown, to
put it delicately,” wrote the late Shan opposition leader and academic Chao Tzang
Yawnghwe in 2005. By some estimates, annual opium production in Burma has
never exceeded 1,000 tonnes.
Furthermore, there has been a shift in cultivation patterns to new areas in Burma in
recent years, and the last two years have once again seen increases in opium
production. The main increase in opium cultivation has been in southern Shan
State. Research carried out in 2008 by Transnational Institute (TNI), an
Amsterdam-based think tank, showed that opium cultivation was also up in
townships in eastern and northern Shan State. Additionally, double cropping was
reported in areas near the Thai border, and also in Namsan, Kunhing and Mong Nai
townships.
TNI research confirms that the Wa, Kokang and Mong La regions, where the opium
bans are strictly implemented, remain poppy free. “We check every year in each
county in our area whether people grow opium,” a representative of the United Wa
State Party (UWSP) told TNI recently. “If we find people cultivating a mu (0.067
hectares) of opium, we send them to prison for three years, and fine them a few
thousand yuan [1 yuan=$0.15].”
In both northern Laos and the Wa region—once the main opium-producing areas of
Southeast Asia—opium cultivation declined due to a policy decision by local
authorities. In 2001, the Lao government announced its commitment to making the
country opium-free by 2005; it was declared opium-free in February 2006.
However, some small-scale opium cultivation continues, mainly in hidden plots in
remote mountainous areas.
These were all previously key opium-cultivating areas. After decades of war and
isolation, these ceasefire groups hoped to gain international political recognition
and support for the development of their impoverished regions by removing the
stigma of involvement in the illicit drug business.
However, the decline of opium production in the Golden Triangle since 1997—
mostly in Burma—is not simply the result of policy interventions by local
authorities. It is clear that trends in the global market contributed significantly to
the shift of production from the Golden Triangle to Afghanistan. This is not a new
phenomenon. Throughout history, there have been remarkable shifts in the
international opium and heroin market. These include the shift in cultivation from
Turkey to Iran and Pakistan in the 1970s, and later to Afghanistan, and to new
cultivation in areas in Mexico and Colombia.
An important yet under-reported factor is that Burmese heroin has been almost
completely pushed out of the European and North American markets by heroin
originating from Afghanistan (in Europe and the US) and Latin America (in the
US). By the 1990s, Colombian heroin dominated the US market. Virtually all heroin
originating from Burma is currently consumed in Southeast Asia, China, India,
Australia and Japan.
There are also indications that some groups that formerly produced heroin have
simply switched to manufacturing amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS). Various
sources claim that Chinese criminal organizations operating in areas where
ceasefire groups have implemented bans on opium cultivation and heroin
What is more worrying is that the opium decline has caused major suffering among
former poppy-growing communities in Burma and Laos. It is therefore hard to
claim this as a “success story.” Some international aid has been provided to former
poppy farmers, and a number of international NGOs and UN agencies are carrying
out development projects in the Wa and Kokang regions, but this has clearly not
been enough to offset the impact of the ban on their livelihoods. The World Food
Program and China have provided emergency food assistance to communities in
former opium-growing regions in northern Burma, but this is not a sustainable
solution.
The greatest impact of the opium decline in the Golden Triangle has, without any
doubt, fallen on the poppy farmers. Opium poppy has been cultivated in the
mountains and hills of northern Burma, Laos and Thailand for more than 100
years. It is mostly grown in remote areas on steep slopes or in small valleys, usually
without the use of irrigation or fertilizer. Yields are relatively low, especially
compared to Afghanistan. The fact that most opium poppy is cultivated in remote,
mountainous areas with undeveloped infrastructure and transportation systems has
made opium poppy a crop with which it is difficult to compete. It is easy to cultivate
in difficult terrain and has a relatively high value.
Opium poppy cultivation is strongly linked to poverty. Most of the cultivators are
poor villagers from different ethnic minority groups, practicing upland cultivation.
These include the Wa, Akha, Lahu, Palaung, Pao, Shan, Karen, Karenni and Kachin
in Burma, the Yao, Hmong, and Akha in Laos, and the Hmong, Lahu and Akha in
Thailand.
Most importantly, opium poppy is the key cash crop for these communities. They
can produce only enough rice to feed their families for four to six months a year,
and according to a TNI researcher, “Opium cultivation pays for the household’s
needs, including their children’s education, healthcare, food and household
materials. ... People think that cultivation of opium poppy can help overcome the
problems they face in their lives.”
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61 80
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
“Rubber fetched about US $400-500 per hectare in 2007, compared to $200 per
hectare for opium,” says a representative of an international agency in Laos. “So
rubber sounds like a dream crop, and it has probably convinced several governors
that this is the silver bullet to take people out of poverty.”
However, as rubber is a long-term investment, there are concerns about the future
of the market for rubber and the stability of rubber prices. There are also serious
environmental concerns about the massive increase of rubber plantations in
Yunnan, northern Burma and Laos.
According to Hu Huabin, rubber was initially only grown at state farms, but has
spread all over the region since private farms in China were given permission to
grow it. “This has already had an impact on the micro-climate change, as the
traditional morning fog in the area is decreasing,” he said.
“In the township I work in, there is a not a single household that does not have to
contribute to work on the rubber plantation,” said an international aid worker
based in the Wa region. “It is forced, but they receive some payment.”
But another aid worker in the Wa region said that even that is not guaranteed: “It
depends on the manager of the rubber plantation. In most cases they do not get any
salary, but in return do not have to pay tax. It is a huge problem.”
Meanwhile, local people are not the only ones with reason to be dissatisfied with the
impact of opium eradication efforts.
“The opium ban in our area was mainly implemented because of pressure from
China,” said a representative of the NDAA, a ceasefire group in the Mong La region.
“Now they ask us why there is still so much coming into China from our areas, even
though we were the first group to implement the opium ban.”
The Chinese government is clearly concerned about the recent increase in opium
cultivation in Burma. It has issued strong warnings to ceasefire groups such as the
New Democratic Army-Kachin to stop opium cultivation in the areas it controls.
The Chinese government is now carrying out its own opium surveys in Burma.
Tom Kramer is a researcher with the Drugs and Democracy Program of the
Transnational Institute (TNI). TNI’s study, “Withdrawal Symptoms—Changes in
the Southeast Asian drugs market,” is available at www.tni.org/drugs.
Copyright © 2008 Irrawaddy Publishing Group | www.irrawaddy.org
COVER STORY
Withdrawal Symptoms
By MARTIN JELSMA NOVEMBER, 2008 - VOLUME 16 NO.11
The days of the opium pipe are passing. Nowadays, more Burmese
drug users are injecting heroin—while youngsters opt for
methamphetamines
However, the idea that a reduction in opium production automatically leads to less
drug use does not hold for Burma. Instead, the scarcity of opium and heroin has led
drug users to shift back and forth between different substances.
Less cultivation has led to an increase in the price of opium and heroin, and a
progressive pattern from smoking opium to smoking heroin to injecting heroin has
emerged.
Over the past three years, opium prices in Kachin State have doubled on average.
Raw opium seldom sells for less than US $1,000/kg, and for best quality dry opium
prices are as high as $1,400 to $1,600/kg. In southern Shan State, where
production has increased significantly in the past two years, raw opium “farm gate”
prices have remained relatively stable at around $200 to $300/kg, while the price
at the Thai border can reach $650.
And while the price has increased, the purity of heroin has decreased, as dealers
typically mix it with cheaper substances.
“In the past, 5 yuan ($0.73) a day would be enough to support a heroin habit,” said
a drug user in Ruili on the China-Burma border. “Now we have to spend at least 15
yuan ($2.19) a day.
“People have started to inject it, because they have no money and injecting is
cheaper,” he said. “Many begin by smoking heroin, but quickly realize the cost-
effectiveness of injecting, where they can achieve a stronger effect from a smaller
amount.”
One of the main causes of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Burma is the sharing of
contaminated needles among drug users. Though some international NGOs are
active in this field, most addicts do not generally receive counseling on safer
consumption patterns and safe sex practices, and there exists little in the way of
treatment to reduce or end their drug use.
Ensuring wide availability of condoms and sterile needles and syringes, and offering
substitution therapy with methadone or buprenorphine would be the first logical
and necessary step.
In Burma, the law still prohibits the provision and possession of needles and
syringes without a license. In practice, though, needle exchange occurs daily.
Twenty-four locations currently operate in Burma. A pilot scheme for methadone
treatment started in 2006, but so far just six centers have opened.
According to the latest estimates of UNAIDS, only 3 percent of injecting drug users
in Southeast Asia have access to such harm reduction services. One international
NGO estimates that more than 40 percent of all intravenous drug users are HIV-
positive in Burma.
In Burma, few drug users receive anti-retroviral treatment (ART) for HIV/AIDS.
“Drug users are excluded from ART, apart from a few show cases—maybe 20
persons,” said an NGO representative.
Methamphetamine pills (ya ma or myin say in Burmese slang) have clearly become
the drug of choice for many of the newer generation.
“Fewer and fewer people in Rangoon use heroin,” said a drug user working for a
local self-help group. “It is not easy to find and the price is high. Most people use ya
ma nowadays. It’s easier to get hold of. People are trying out new drugs because
they cannot find heroin. Some kids even sniff glue and diesel.”
Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) first came into wider use in Rangoon at the
end of the 1990s, he said. “At that time, they were very cheap. Young people took
the pills at nightclubs. Businessmen, high school and university students and truck
drivers also took them,” he added.
“I use ya ma because life here is hard,” said a 25-year-old Burmese sex worker in
Ruili, who said she sometimes takes up to 20 tablets a day. “In the morning I take
five pills. If I do sex work, I will take some more, because sex work is very tough.
After taking the pills I feel fresh, and I am very patient with my clients.”
While some drug users have made a shift from opiates to ATS, many heroin users
seek pharmaceutical alternatives that have similar narcotic—rather than
stimulant—effects.
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61 85
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
Addicts and users have a wide variety of strategies for coping with the scarcity or
unaffordable prices of heroin, including cocktails of pharmaceutical drugs in the
form of pills, cough syrups and injection ampoules.
Apart from the obvious health and social problems that drug addiction causes, the
repressive legislation that criminalizes drug use hampers addicts’ access to health
services. Drug laws across the region are excessively harsh and penalties are
disproportionately high relative to the offense. In government-controlled areas in
Burma, possession of just a handful of pharmaceutical tablets—without a medical
prescription—can result in up to five years imprisonment. Anyone arrested with
more than 0.2 grams of heroin can be sentenced to 15 years and being caught with
more than five ya ma pills or five grams of cannabis can lead to 20 years in jail.
“We put many drug users in jail,” says an official of the Kokang ceasefire group. “We
give them a three-month sentence the first time they are arrested. If they are caught
again, they get 6 or 12 months. We make them work in the daytime and keep them
in prison at night. The work includes building roads and working on rubber and
sugarcane plantations. It is hard work.”
An official from the New Democratic Army-Kachin (NDA-K) ceasefire group said
that they had recently arrested about 40 drugs users and dealers in Pangwah.
“The dealers are also poor,” he said. “They sell ya ma and heroin just for their daily
needs. After arresting those users and sellers, we noticed that their families got into
difficulties, too.”
According to the NDA-K official, opium is still the most common drug in the
villages, while in the towns most users take heroin and ya ma. “We need programs
and medicines for drug users. But our region is very backward. The central
government does not provide anything for us,” he said.
The human tragedy is most visible in the Burmese-Chinese border areas. There are
many problem drugs users in every town and poverty, social exclusion and diseases
are widespread.
Martin Jelsma is the coordinator of the Drugs and Democracy Program of the
Transnational Institute (TNI) based in Amsterdam.
ARTICLE
Capital Blues
By MIN KHET MAUNG / NAYPYIDAW NOVEMBER, 2008 - VOLUME 16 NO.11
Naypyidaw, now three years old, was designed and built to serve as
the seat of Burma’s military government. For the ordinary Burmese
who have to live and work there, it’s a city without a heart
By day, at least half a dozen large markets draw crowds of shoppers, while off-duty
military officers play rounds of golf on one of the courses that have sprung up
around the new capital. Tourists are enticed to visit the new city by such attractions
as a zoo.
Most residents aren’t so impressed by the transition of this former central Burmese
backwater into the nation’s new capital, financed from the income raised by exports
of such resources as gems, teak, natural gas and even opium.
“This place may be Naypyidaw for them [the ruling generals], but it’s ‘lock-up land’
for us,” said one local resident, looking around to make sure he wasn’t overheard.
People have reportedly been arrested and jailed for cracking jokes about the
generals and their “Royal City”—the English meaning of Naypyidaw.
Most residents are wary about using the Internet for fear they’re being monitored.
Mobile phone service is unavailable in Naypyidaw for security reasons.
One visitor from Rangoon told me that while he was using the Internet a
government agent ordered him to hand over his memory stick to be checked for
possible anti-government content.
Security officers are reportedly instructed to keep a close eye on the movements of
visitors and journalists.
Most residents I interviewed said their lives had not improved in the three years
since the seat of government moved from Rangoon to Naypyidaw.
Laborers drawn from many parts of the country who are still engaged in building
the new capital, work under severe conditions for the equivalent of US $1.50-$2 per
day, housed in makeshift huts and existing on poor food and well water.
“I’m now thinking of closing my shop because I can no longer afford the rent,” said
a jeweler at Naypyidawmyoma Market.
“The authorities have said Naypyidaw must be cleansed of the Chinese,” said a
Sino-Shan barbecue restaurant owner.
“My place was closed down twice,” he said. “We had to bribe the authorities to let us
reopen.” As he talked, a group of military officials chatted, laughed and ate heartily
at a nearby table.
“We don’t want to interrupt our studies,” said one student. “We want to continue
and complete our fourth year at university.”
Many students see the government decree as a move to limit the number of
politically radical young people living in Naypyidaw.
“The authorities are afraid of an uprising occurring one day if there are too many
students on the university campus,” said one student. “They know we hate them.”
Naypyidaw also has its homeless—hundreds of families left without a roof over their
heads after their villages were commandeered by the army. They received
compensation equivalent to between $1,000 and $2,000, less than half the cost of
constructing a new house. Many farmers lost their means of making a living when
the army ordered them to leave their land.
“The name Naypyidaw leaves a bitter taste in my mouth,” said one woman,
contemplating her half-completed house.
Lower-ranking civil servants are as unhappy as most locals about life in Naypyidaw.
“I miss my family, but I don’t want to bring them here,” said one woman civil
servant, gazing sadly at a water fountain playing in the evening twilight.
“This place can’t afford my family any warmth as long as it’s the capital of the
country’s rulers. I want my children to grow up in a capital of the people.”
Copyright © 2008 Irrawaddy Publishing Group | www.irrawaddy.org
This desolate main street in Naypyidaw leads to the military headquarters in the mountains.
(Photo: Min Khet Maung / Naypyidaw)
CULTURE
BURMA is under siege and the crackdown on anti-regime monks and activists has
intensified, continuing day and night. The bloodshed in Burma in September 2007
and the regime’s inadequate, heartless response to the cyclone the following May
ignited worldwide anger, directed at regime leader Snr-Gen Than Shwe. Yet
through it all, the callous, stubborn general remained a figure of fun, arousing mirth
as well as outrage.
One picture of superimposed images shows him hobnobbing with al-Qaida boss
Osama Bin Laden. Another depicts him embracing a large bottle of rum next to a
poster advertising the latest Rambo film, which is set mostly in Burma. Than Shwe
is identified as “Rum Bo”—“rum” standing for alcohol and “bo” meaning bully.
Together, they stand as a metaphor for Than Shwe.
A poster plays with the names Chee Lay Chee & Kway Young Sone, referring to the
well-known traditional comedy troupe Thee Lay Thee & Say Young Sone. Chee is
Burmese for “excrement,” lay is “four” while the words Kway Young Sone mean
“dogs of different colors.” Put the words together and add portraits of the four
generals who rule Burma—and what do you have? Four disgusting objects and dogs
of different colors.
Internet technology has given satirists like Mr Creator the tools to launch an
effective campaign of ridicule aimed at Burma’s military leaders.
“Older information technologies such as the telephone or fax are expensive and
often practically irrelevant when organizing international campaigns spanning
several cities or countries,” researcher Mridul Chowdhury wrote in his paper “The
Role of the Internet in Burma’s Saffron Revolution,” a case study for the Berkman
Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.
“The distance between the campaign participants and the speed at which the
organizers have to strategize and make decisions necessitate heavy dependence on
the Internet,” he said.
Chowdhury is right. The Burmese people are more likely than ever to see the
Internet as a means of achieving freedom of expression with the advent of
information technology.
Since the September 2007 uprising led by Buddhist monks, the Internet has helped
to shape the way Burmese think, communicate and even have fun in their isolated,
military-ruled country. They usually chat away on G-talk, check out the social-
networking sites Facebook, Hi5 and Friendster, surf exiled Burmese Web sites and
blogs and even share information about how to slip past regime censors by using
proxy servers.
In their blogs and e-mail groups, they demonstrate the active role they play in
One such online game was an amusing part of the highly successful “Panties for
Peace” campaign, launched by a group of regime critics in Chiang Mai in Northern
Thailand. Players could bombard an image of Than Shwe with missiles in the shape
of women’s underwear, scoring points for direct hits. It was created by
READYAIMVOTE.com, a Web site containing political games.
Burmese cartoonists recently launched a similar game, in which players could use
catapaults to hit a flying bulldog representing Than Shwe.
By going ahead with the exhibition, they remained true to the Burmese tradition of
satire.
The Burmese people know very well that humor alone can not overthrow the brutal
military regime. But they understand that political humor is the most subtle form of
revolt, which destroys the self-esteem of tyrants and forms a means of surviving
under totalitarianism.
As the American writer and satirist Mark Twain once wrote: “The human race has
only one really effective weapon and that is laughter.”
Copyright © 2008 Irrawaddy Publishing Group | www.irrawaddy.org
A documentary film showing how Burmese seamen aboard Thai fishing boats are
abused, beaten and even murdered is now available for viewing on the Internet.
The 10-minute film, titled “Abandoned, not Forgotten,” was released on the official
Web site of the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITWF), whose
General Secretary, David Cockcroft, described it as “a sometimes sickening but very
necessary addition to the evidence that many Burmese citizens forced to flee their
country are being appallingly treated.”
Aye Aye Win The award was accepted on her behalf by John
Daniszewski, AP’s international managing editor.
He said Aye Aye Win represented the best tradition of journalism—telling the truth
and helping to keep people informed and enlightened.
Among those attending the award ceremony in New York last month was the city’s
mayor, Michael Bloomberg.
Copyright © 2008 Irrawaddy Publishing Group | www.irrawaddy.org
INTELLIGENCE
Military sources have reported that there are four army officers favored by Snr-Gen
Than Shwe who could potentially become commander in chief of Burma’s armed
forces: Lt-Gen Myint Swe, head of the Bureau of Special Operations (5) and a
member of the ruling junta; Lt-Gen Myint Hlaing, the air defense chief; Maj-Gen
Min Aung Hlaing, commander of the Triangle Region Command; and Gen Thura
Myint Aung, currently serving as adjutant general at the Defense Ministry.
Although Myint Swe has an advantage thanks to his close personal ties to Than
Shwe and his wife, the other contenders also warrant close attention. Thura Myint
Aung was formerly posted in Irrawaddy Division as the commander of the
Southeast Regional Command—a position that often leads to promotion to the top
post. Min Aung Hlaing, who has recently appeared in state-run newspapers and has
held a series of meetings with ceasefire groups in northern Shan State, also looks
like a serious candidate for the position.
The reports follow the apparent fall from grace of Gen Thura Shwe Mann, whose
two sons’ high-profile business activities have attracted the disapproving attention
of Than Shwe and his deputy, army chief Gen Maung Aye.
Sources on the Burma-China border said that Wei, an alleged drug trafficker who is
wanted in neighboring Thailand, wants to transform the Wa army into a pro-junta
militia group, while Bao has been more resistant to pressure from Naypyidaw.
Wei reportedly expressed a willingness to work more closely with the regime as it
makes a bid for legitimacy based on a new constitution and the 2010 election.
UWSA Chairman Bao and his supporters, meanwhile, are reportedly carrying out
military training exercises at the UWSA headquarters of Panghsang, perhaps in
anticipation of a clash with Burmese troops. The UWSA has an estimated 20,000
soldiers deployed along Burma’s borders with Thailand and China.
Such abuses have inevitably affected many legitimate asylum seekers. Sources say
that some refugees who applied to join the resettlement program were rejected
because their names were already on the list of applicants who had been resettled,
apparently as a result of identity theft.
The sources added that others, who have already been approved, are now stranded
in the camps, as the UNHCR conducts its investigation into these and other
irregularities.
Copyright © 2008 Irrawaddy Publishing Group | www.irrawaddy.org
NEWS IN BRIEF
News in Brief (November 2008)
More than 100 youth members of Burma’s main opposition party, the National
League for Democracy (NLD), have resigned, complaining that the party did not
give them a democratic voice in the decision-making process. The group urged the
NLD to air discussions on the junta-drafted constitution as well as campaign for the
support of the people and conduct a dialogue with ethnic leaders. “The Burmese
public wants to know how the NLD will approach the election in 2010 and how the
party intends to lead the country,” said one youth member.
The local authorities in Chin State have prohibited the Country Agency for Rural
Development (CAD)—a Roman Catholic-based NGO in Rangoon that facilitates
sanitation, education and construction projects in the most remote parts of Chin
State in western Burma—from delivering emergency food aid to about 1,000 Chin
villagers. According to a CAD assessment, farmers from seven villages in Haka
Township face a food crisis while hundreds of acres of land lie fallow after an
infestation of rats destroyed rice crops followed by a drought earlier this year.
Zipporah Sein was elected general-secretary of the Karen National Union (KNU),
one of the strongest armed rebel groups in Burma. She assumes the position of the
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late KNU General-Secretary Mahn Sha, who was assassinated on February 14,
2008, by two gunmen allegedly hired by a Karen breakaway rebel group. At the
recent congress meeting, the octogenarian soldier Gen Tamla Baw was named
chairman.
Everything from the skin and bones to the teeth and claws of almost 1,200 wild cats
has been for sale at wildlife markets in Burma over a 15-year period, according to a
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) report. Three of the four markets surveyed were
located on international borders with Thailand and China, where there is a
flourishing demand for exotic animal parts used in traditional medicines. The WWF
urged a tightening of national legislation and better cross border co-operation with
neighboring countries, particularly Thailand and China.
Many Rangoon residents are afraid to ride the city’s buses and taxis after a pickup
truck exploded, with speculation rife that the blast which took seven lives was
caused by an exploding compressed natural gas (CNG) cylinder on the truck. Within
a two-week period, explosions occurred on three passenger-carrying vehicles
apparently powered by CNG. As one Rangoon resident put it, “Riding the bus is like
sitting on a time bomb.”
A legal representative of Burma’s detained opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi has
handed in to the military government in Naypyidaw a formal appeal against the
latest extension of her house arrest. No reply was received from the regime. Suu
Kyi’s latest five-year term of house arrest was extended in May for a further year.
She has spent more than 13 of the past 19 years confined to her Rangoon home.
The Brussels-based International Crisis Group (ICG) has called for the international
community to consolidate relations with Burma’s military regime in the wake of
coordinated efforts made following the Cyclone Nargis disaster. The report said that
aid is essential for humanitarian reasons, but is also the best available opportunity
for the international community to promote positive change in Burma. The ICG
said that Burma’s political reform remained vital and should continue to be the
subject of high-level international diplomacy and pressure. The ICG claimed that it
was a mistake in the Burma context to use aid as a bargaining chip, to be given only
in return for political change.
The United Nations has urged Indonesia to treat drug abusers like patients, not
criminals, saying the shift could help prevent an explosion in HIV infections. The
roughly 28,000 drug users jailed by Indonesia should be in clinics, not detention
facilities, said Christian Kroll, the UN global coordinator for HIV/AIDS. Up to 25
percent of convicted drug users in Indonesian prisons are believed to have HIV, the
virus that causes AIDS, the National AIDS Commission estimates. Drug use is
rampant in detention facilities and each year dozens of inmates die of AIDS while in
custody.
BUSINESS
Protecting the rights and livelihoods of millions of migrant workers during the
global slowdown will benefit economies, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said at
the Global Forum on Migration and Development in Manila in October. Ban said
that constraining migration will only make lives more miserable for an estimated
200 million laborers, but will never stop them from crossing borders. With more
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than 8 million overseas workers, the Philippines is among the world’s top exporters
of human labor, together with Mexico, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo of the Philippines also called on governments to
strengthen laws to protect migrant workers, saying, “All eyes may be glued to stock
markets, but we can’t lose sight of the poor.” Some US $14 billion in remittances
from Filipinos abroad last year amounted to 10 percent of the Philippines’ GDP.
Burma earned more than US $175 million from its latest government-sponsored
sale of gems, despite a US ban on their import. An organizer of the gems emporium
told The Associated Press that 2,648 gem merchants participated from nearly a
dozen countries, including China, Thailand, Japan and Canada, and that most of
the revenue from the 13-day auction in October was earned from the sales of jade,
which fetched more than $172 million. Burmese gem sellers say the sanctions have
very little impact on their business because they rely mainly on Chinese buyers. The
largest contingent at the latest sale was more than 2,200 gem merchants from
China, the main market for Burmese jade.
Vietnam plans to build two new rail systems in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City at a
cost of nearly US $15 billion, hoping to help ease the overloaded traffic system in
the country’s two booming cities. Half of the amount will be spent on building
tramways for sky trains and subways in Hanoi. The other half will be invested in
constructing urban railways and a metro in Vietnam’s southern hub of Ho Chi Minh
City, the government said in a report posted on its Web site. Prime Minister Nguyen
Tan Dung has approved the project and instructed officials to prepare plans. Of the
total investment, some $12 billion is to be raised from foreign sources including
official development assistance for Vietnam, according to the announcement. The
projects are expected to be completed by 2020.
Falling rubber prices worldwide have caused many Burmese companies to curtail
exports and temporarily shut down. Most rubber trading businesses in Mon State, a
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major source of rubber, are feeling the effects of falling prices and have cut back on
business. Many traders have leveraged loans and are worried about meeting their
repayment schedules. Companies are holding back shipping exports in the hope
that prices will turn around quickly. Rubber, a major agricultural export, is mostly
shipped to China, Singapore and Malaysia. During fiscal year 2007-08, Burma
cultivated more than 364,500 hectares of rubber, producing more than 80,000
metric tons.
တပည့္ဟာ ဆရာထက္ေတာ္ရမယ္
ေမာင္စြမ္းရည္ (၂၉-၉-၀၈)။ ။ http://www.newskhitpyaing.co.cc/?p=166
ဒုတိယပင္လံု (သို႔မဟုတ္)
ျပည္သူ႕လႊတ္ေတာ္ ကိုယ္စားျပဳေကာ္မတီ
(စီအာပီပီ)
ရာဇာဓိရာဇ္ (၃၀-၉-၀၈)။ ။
ဦး၀င္းတင္ရဲ႕ ဟံသာ၀တီ
သတင္းစာေခါင္းႀကီး
ေမာင္စြမ္းရည္/ ၃ ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၂၀၀၈။ ။
“သူ႔လုိလူ”
သူနဲ႔သူသာ၊ ႏိႈင္းစရာမုိ႔
သူသာ “စံ” ထူ၊
“သူ႔လုိလူ” ကို
လူတိုင္းၾကည္ညိဳ ဆုေတာင္းဆိုၿပီ
သူ႔လိုလူေတြ မ်ားေစေသာ။
သူ႔လိုစိတ္ထား ပြားေစေသာ။
သူ႔သက္ရာေက်ာ္ ရွည္ေစေသာ။
ဘာသာစကား သခၤါရ
ေစာလူ/ ၃ ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၀၈။ ။
“သခၤါရကို အစဥ္ထာ၀ရမွတ္ေတာ့
သင္သာလွ်င္ အနာတရျဖစ္မည္” ဆို မဟုတ္လား။ သခၤါရကို သခၤါရမွန္း သတိရွိရွိသိေနမွ
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61 119
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အနာတရျဖစ္တာ သက္သာ ေတာ့မေပါ့။ ေျပာင္းခ်င္ၾကရန္ေကာ၊ ေျပာင္းတတ္ၾကရန္ေကာလို႔
ေဒါသူပုန္ထ အူပြေနမွျဖင့္ ကိုယ့္ေဒါသနဲ႔ကိုယ္ ပူေလာင္ေနေတာ့မွာေပါ့။ အဆင္မသင့္ရင္
ကိုယ့္ေဒါသနဲ႔ကိုယ္ ျပာက်လို႔ေတာင္ သြားႏုိင္ေသး။ ဒီလို အေရးေတြမွာ ရာမရကန္ဆရာႀကီး
ဦးတုိးရဲ႕ စကားက သတိသမၸဇဥ္အတြက္ ေကာင္းေကာင္းအေထာက္အကူျပဳမယ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။
ကိုယ့္ကို ထိရွစရာ၊ ကိုယ္ခံစရာ ႀကံဳလာရင္ “အခံသာမွ ဒဏ္နာခ်က္ နည္းမည္တည့္” တဲ့။
ဦးေအာင္ေရႊႏွင့္
မ်ဳိးခ်စ္ရဲေဘာ္ေဟာင္းမ်ား(၁)
ဦးေအာင္ဆက္ပုိင္ (၂၀ ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၀၈)
ဦးေအာင္ေရႊႏွင့္
မ်ဳိးခ်စ္ရဲေဘာ္ေဟာင္းမ်ား(၂)
ဦးေအာင္ဆက္ပုိင္ (၂၀ ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၀၈)
ေၾကးမုံဦးေသာင္း (ေအာင္ဗလ)
အမွတ္တရစာစု
ေမာင္စြမ္းရည္ (၂၇-၁၀-၂၀၀၈)
မုိးမခအမွတ္တရ စာစုမ်ား
ထုတ္ေ၀လုိက္ျခင္း
ေၾကးမုံဦးေသာင္းလုိ႔ ေက်ာ္ၾကားတဲ့ စာေရးဆရာႀကီး ေအာင္ဗလဟာ အသက္ (၈၂) ႏွစ္အရြယ္၊
၂၀၀၈ ဧၿပီ (၃) ရက္ေန႔က ကြယ္လြန္သြားခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဆရာ မကြယ္လြန္မီ ၂၀၀၇ ခုႏွစ္ထဲမွာ
ေၾကးမုံဦးေသာင္းရဲ႕ သတင္းစာဆရာ ဘ၀ ႏွစ္ (၆၀) ျပည့္ အထိမ္းအမွတ္ဂုဏ္ျပဳပဲြကုိ
နယူးေယာက္ၿမိဳ႕၊ ဘုရင္မရပ္ကြက္ (ကြင္း)၊ ၀င္းေရႊ၀ါခန္းမမွာ ျပည္သူ႔အျမင္ အယ္ဒီတာ
ဦးေက်ာ္၀င္း (ေရႊျပည္စုိး)၊ ပန္းခ်ီမင္းေက်ာ္ခုိင္၊ ဦး၀င္းေဖ၊ ေဒၚမာမာေအး၊ ခင္္ေမာင္ႀကီး
(ရွမ္းျပည္) ေမာင္စြမ္းရည္ စတဲ့ မိတ္ေဆြမ်ားက ဦးေဆာင္ စီစဥ္က်င္းပခဲ့ၾကပါတယ္။
နာဂစ္ထက္ဆုိးမည့္
ေငြေၾကးစီးပြားကပ္မုန္တုိင္းၾကီး
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံလာေနျပီ
၃၀ ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၂၀၀၈
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအေျခအေနမွာမူ တမ်ိဳးုျဖစ္၏။
ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသား လြတ္ေျမာက္ေရးတပ္မေတာ္
(ေကအန္အယ္လ္ေအ) တပ္မဟာ (၇) ဌာနခ်ဳပ္မွ တပ္မႉးမ်ားႏွင့္
ေခတ္ၿပိဳင္ အယ္ဒီတာခ်ဳပ္ ဦးစိန္ေက်ာ္လႈိင္ ေဆြးေႏြးခန္း
(၁၉-၉-၀၈)။ ။
ျမန္မာ့ႏုိင္ငံေရးအပုိင္း
လက္နက္ကုိင္ တုိက္ပြဲအပုိင္း
ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးေဆြးေႏြးပြဲအပုိင္း
အန္အယ္လ္ဒီအေပၚသေဘာထား
၀င္း။ ။ ဟုတ္ပါတယ္။
အေမရိကန္သမၼတကေတာ္ ေလာ္ရာဘုရွ္ႏွင့္
စီအန္အန္သတင္းေထာက္ မစၥဇိန္းဗားဂ်ီး
ေတြ႔ဆံုေမးျမန္းခန္းမွ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံဆုိင္ရာေကာက္ႏုတ္ခ်က္
၂၄ စက္တင္ဘာ ၂၀၀၈
႐ုပ္ေသးအရပ္သားအစိုးရသစ္ဖြဲ႕လွ်င္
ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊ သမၼတရာထူးယူမည္
NEJ/၂၇ ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၂၀၀၈
ျမန္မာယူနီဗာဆယ္ဘဏ္မွ ေငြလာမထုတ္ပါက
ႏိုင္ငံ့ဘ႑ာအျဖစ္သိမ္းမည္
ပီတာေအာင္/ ၂၇ ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၀၈
ဧရာ၀တီတုိင္းမွာ စပါးေစ်းက်
လယ္သမားမ်ားအခက္ေတြ႕
NEJ/ ၂၈ ေအာက္တိုဘာ
ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ႏွစ္၌ စပါးတင္း (၁၀၀) ေပါက္ေစ်း က်ပ္ (၃) သိန္းခန္႔ရိွရာမွ ယခုႏွစ္တြင္ က်ပ္ (၂)
သိန္း (၆) ေသာင္းခန္႔သာရိွေၾကာင္း ဧရာ၀တီတိုင္း ၀ါးခယ္မၿမိဳ႕မွ လယ္သမားတဦးက ေျပာသည္။
အေနာက္ႏုိင္ငံမ်ားရွိ ျမန္မာစစ္သံမႉးရုံးမ်ားကုိ
ပိတ္ေတာ့မည္
NEJ/၂၈ ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၂၀၀၈
ႏိုင္ငံေရးသမားႀကီးအခ်ိဳ ႔
ေဟာင္ေကာင္သြားမည္
NEJ/ ၂၈ ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၀၈
၎က “ ဒီဇင္ဘာက်မွပါ။ ရက္လည္းမသိေသးဘူး။
ပထမအပတ္အကုန္ေလာက္ျဖစ္မယ္ထင္တယ္။ အခုႀကိဳး စားတုန္းပဲ။
ပတ္စ္ပို႔ေတြဘာေတြရေအာင္၊ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ ေခါင္းစဥ္ေတာင္မသိရေသးဘူး။
ေက်ာ္ရင္လိႈင္လာတုန္းက ျပည့္ျပည့္စံုစံုေျပာမသြားဘူး။
ဗမာျပည္အေၾကာင္းေဆြးေႏြးၾကမွာနဲ႔တူပါတယ္။ ဗမာျပည္မွထြက္တဲ့ တခ်ဳိ႕ဂ်ာနယ္ ေတြထဲမွာ
က်ေနာ္တို႔နဲ႔ အင္တာဗ်ဴးလုပ္လုိ႔ပါသြားတာေတြ၊ တခ်ဳိ႕ထင္ျမင္ခ်က္ေလးေတြေျပာတာေတြကို
ေတြ႕ၿပီး ေတာ့ေခၚတာလုိ႔ထင္ပါတယ္”ဟုေျပာသည္။
သခင္တင္ျမႏွင့္ သခင္လွကြန္းတို႔သည္
၀ါရင့္ႏိုင္ငံေရးလုပ္ေဖာ္ကိုင္ဖက္မ်ားအဖြဲ႕ႏွင့္လံုး၀သက္ဆိုင္မႈမရွိ ေၾကာင္း ႏွင့္
၎တို႔၏ေဟာင္ေကာင္ခရီးစဥ္ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ျပီး ေ၀ဖန္ေျပာၾကားစရာမရွိေၾကာင္း
သခင္သိန္းေဖေခါင္းေဆာင္ သည့္ ၀ါရင့္ႏိုင္ငံေရးလုပ္ေဖာ္ကုိင္ဖက္မ်ားအဖြဲ႕ကေျပာသည္။
ရပ္ကြက္အာဏာပုိင္မ်ားက
မမွန္မုန္တိုင္းသတိေပးခ်က္ထုတ္ျပန္
ရန္ကုန္ျမိဳ႔ခံမ်ားအထိတ္တလန္႔ျဖစ္
NEJ/ ၂၈ ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၀၈
URL: http://www.newskhitpyaing.co.cc/?p=752
ႏိုင္ငံေရးသမားႀကီးအခ်ိဳ ႔ ေဟာင္ေကာင္သြားမည္
NEJ/ ၂၈ ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၀၈
၎က “ ဒီဇင္ဘာက်မွပါ။ ရက္လည္းမသိေသးဘူး။
ပထမအပတ္အကုန္ေလာက္ျဖစ္မယ္ထင္တယ္။ အခုႀကိဳး စားတုန္းပဲ။
ပတ္စ္ပို႔ေတြဘာေတြရေအာင္၊ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ ေခါင္းစဥ္ေတာင္မသိရေသးဘူး။
ေက်ာ္ရင္လိႈင္လာတုန္းက ျပည့္ျပည့္စံုစံုေျပာမသြားဘူး။
ဗမာျပည္အေၾကာင္းေဆြးေႏြးၾကမွာနဲ႔တူပါတယ္။ ဗမာျပည္မွထြက္တဲ့ တခ်ဳိ႕ဂ်ာနယ္ ေတြထဲမွာ
က်ေနာ္တို႔နဲ႔ အင္တာဗ်ဴးလုပ္လုိ႔ပါသြားတာေတြ၊ တခ်ဳိ႕ထင္ျမင္ခ်က္ေလးေတြေျပာတာေတြကို
ေတြ႕ၿပီး ေတာ့ေခၚတာလုိ႔ထင္ပါတယ္”ဟုေျပာသည္။
သခင္တင္ျမႏွင့္ သခင္လွကြန္းတို႔သည္
၀ါရင့္ႏိုင္ငံေရးလုပ္ေဖာ္ကိုင္ဖက္မ်ားအဖြဲ႕ႏွင့္လံုး၀သက္ဆိုင္မႈမရွိ ေၾကာင္း ႏွင့္
၎တို႔၏ေဟာင္ေကာင္ခရီးစဥ္ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ျပီး ေ၀ဖန္ေျပာၾကားစရာမရွိေၾကာင္း
သခင္သိန္းေဖေခါင္းေဆာင္ သည့္ ၀ါရင့္ႏိုင္ငံေရးလုပ္ေဖာ္ကုိင္ဖက္မ်ားအဖြဲ႕ကေျပာသည္။
အာဏာရွင္ေမွာင္ရိပ္၌ ျမန္မာအမ်ဳိးသမီးမ်ား
က်ားမခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံမႈဆိုးရြားစြာခံေနရ
ပီတာေအာင္/ ၂၈ ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၂၀၀၈
၎က “ အမ်ဳိးသမီးေတြ ကိုခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံမႈကေရွးရိုးစြဲကမၻာႀကီးမွာရွိခဲ့တယ္။
အဲဒါေတြကိုပယ္ဖ်က္ဖုိ႔ ႏိုင္ငံ တကာသေဘာတူစာခ်ဳပ္ေတြမွာ ေျပာထားတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္
လက္ေတြ႕စစ္အာဏာရွင္ရဲ႕ေအာက္မွာ ဒီဟာ ပယ္ ဖ်က္ဖုိ႔ လံုး၀မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ဘူး။ ဆက္ၿပီးေတာ့
စစ္အာဏာရွင္စနစ္ ႀကီးစိုးေနသေရြ႕ေတာ့ က်ား၊ မတန္းတူေရး ဆိုတာ
ကိုဘယ္လိုမွေမွ်ာ္လင့္လို႔မရႏိုင္ပါဘူး။ စစ္တပ္အာဏာပုိင္ေတြကေနခ်ဳိးေဖာက္တဲ့
အမ်ဳးိသမီးေတြေပၚအၾကမ္း ဖက္မႈေတြကို အေရးယူလုိ႔မရဘူးပါဘူး။ မရတဲ့အခါ
ခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံခံရမႈေတြပိုၿပီးေတာ့ ျဖစ္လာပါတယ္ ”ဟု ေျပာသည္။
အမ်ဳိးသမီးမ်ားအဖြဲ႕ခ်ဳပ္ (ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ)ကို
ကရင္၊ကရင္နီ၊ရွမ္း၊ကခ်င္၊ရခိုင္၊ဗမာ၊ထား၀ယ္၊ပအို၀့္၊ပေလာင္၊ လားဟူ၊ ကူကီး စသည့္
တိုင္းရင္းသား အမ်ဳိး သမီးအဖြဲ႕ (၁၂)ဖြဲ႕ျဖင့္ဖြဲ႕စည္းထားၿပီး ထုိင္းႏိုင္ငံတြင္အေျခစိုက္သည္။
URL: http://www.newskhitpyaing.co.cc/?p=764
URL: http://www.newskhitpyaing.co.cc/?p=776
စစ္မႈထမ္းေဟာင္းမ်ားသာ
ဦးပိုင္တကၠစီကားမ်ား ေမာင္းႏွင္ခြင့္ရွိ
ရန္ကုန္တြင္ ပါရမီအမည္ရိွ တကၠစီကားမ်ားကို စစ္မႈထမ္းေဟာင္းမ်ားသာ ေမာင္းႏွင္ခြင့္ရရိွသည္။
၈၈ ေက်ာင္းသားေခါင္းေဆာင္ (၉)ဦးကို
ေထာင္ (၆)လစီ ျပစ္ဒဏ္ခ်
ပီတာေအာင္/၃၀ ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၀၈
ေရွ႕ေနဦးေအာင္သိန္းက “ ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့႐ံုးခ်ိန္းေတြမွာ
ႏွစ္ရက္သံုးရက္ေလာက္ကတည္းကတင္ျပတာေပါ့ဗ်ာ။ သူတို႔ ေတာင္းဆိုတဲ့
မိသားစုၾကားနာခြင့္မရမခ်င္း က်ေနာ္တို႔ေရွ႕ေနေတြကို သူတို႔နဲ႔ပတ္သက္တာ မေမးျမန္းပါနဲ႔ သူတို႔
လည္း မေမးျမန္းဘူးဆိုၿပီး တရား႐ံုးကို တင္ျပတာရွိတယ္ေပါ့။ အဲဒီအေပၚမွာ
ခ႐ိုင္ဥပေဒအရာရွိက ပုဒ္မ ၂၂၈ ေပါ့ေလ တရားစစ္ေဆးတာကို အေႏွာက္အယွက္ေပးတယ့္
အေရးယူေပးပါဆိုၿပီး တရားသူႀကီးကို ေလွ်ာက္တယ္။ တရားသူႀကီးက လက္ခံၿပီးေတာ့ ျပစ္ဒဏ္
(၆)လ ခ်လိုက္တာပဲ” ဟုေျပာၾကားသည္။
URL: http://www.newskhitpyaing.co.cc/?p=811
၈၈ ေက်ာင္းသား ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားကို
မအူပင္ေထာင္သို႔ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕
ပီတာေအာင္/၃၁ ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၀၈
URL: http://www.newskhitpyaing.co.cc/?p=878
နအဖ၀န္ၾကီးမ်ားအား တုိင္းေဒသၾကီး
လႊတ္ေတာ္၀န္ၾကီးခ်ဳပ္မ်ားအျဖစ္ လ်ာထား
NEJ/ ၃၁ ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၂၀၀၈
ဒီေကဘီေအဦးစီးမည့္ ကရင္ႏွစ္သစ္ကူးပြဲကုိ
စစ္အစိုးရပိတ္
NEJ/ ၃ ႏုိ၀င္ဘာ ၂၀၀၈
CONTRIBUTOR
While the international community continually casts a disapproving eye over the
political turmoil in military-ruled Burma, its neighbors play a more supportive role.
India, for its part, has a seemingly lukewarm interest in the Burmese democratic
movement and has adopted a double-standard policy toward Burma.
It was the 1988 students’ uprising in Burma which brought India significantly into
the equation. The failed uprising forced hundreds of refugees across the
international border into India. From 1988 to 1992, India’s policy vacillated
between support for the pro-democracy movement and diplomatic isolation.
Former Indian premier P.V. Narasimha Rao’s “Look East” policy of 1991-96
initiated a change in foreign policy toward Burma. The dramatic policy shift,
however, happened during Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s administration (1998-2004).
There were two major factors responsible for India’s policy shift: to counter the
strategic influence of the People’s Republic of China; and to deal with insurgency
problems in the northeast of India. There was also an element of economic interest
involved.
Of the two, countering China’s regional influence was the number one concern for
India. Having experienced a bitter war with China in 1962, India felt insecure and
threatened by China broadening its sphere of influence in the region.
Last year, China-Burma bilateral trade hit US $2.057 billion, up 40.9 percent from
2006. China’s exports to Burma totaled $1.686 billion, up 39.6 percent, while its
imports from Burma stood at $371 million, up 46.9 percent. China therefore
currently enjoys a trade surplus of $1.315 billion.
India’s has upped its exports to Burma in 2007-2008 to about $185 million, while
its imports from Burma were valued at around $810 million for this year. In
All these moves and counter-moves are the direct result of a scramble for influence
between the two Asian powers. India, at least for now, sees engaging with the
Burmese military regime an effective means to narrowing Chinese influence.
Another important factor in Indian foreign policy shift was the rise of insurgency in
the restive northeastern provinces of India. About 20,000 insurgents from different
groups have bases in Burma, mostly in northwestern Sagaing Division.
Although the Burmese military, on a number of occasions, has asked the Indian
government to silence Burmese dissidents, to date New Delhi has made little more
than a wishy-washy response to the request. Similarly, Naypyidaw does not appear
to be concentrated on dismantling the bases of Indian insurgents operating from
Burma.
India acts in tandem with her national interests and security in the face of China’s
influence in the region. By engaging with the Burmese junta, India feels better
served. To many, this looks as if India has adopted a double-standard policy toward
Burma.
ကရင္အမ်ဳိးသားအစည္းအ႐ံုးအေနျဖင့္ မဟာမိတ္မ်ားႏွင့္
အနီးကပ္ လက္တြဲတိုက္ပြဲဝင္မည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ေျပာၾကား
႐ုိးမ ၃။ ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၂၈၊ ၂၀၀၈
ထာဝရမိတ္ေဆြ၊ ထာဝရရန္သူႏွင့္
ထာဝရအက်ိဳးစီးပြားမ်ား
ခြန္ဆိုင္း (၂၁.၇.၂၀၀၈)
ဒါေတြ အဓိကထားေျပာဘို႔ေခၚတာပါ။
……………………။။။။။။။။။။။။။……………….။။။။။။။။။။ ……………….
အိမ္ျပန္ခ်င္လိုက္တာ..။
မိုးခ်ိဳသင္း
VIP မို႔လို႔ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ Suicide Bomber ထင္လို႔ေလ။ ကိုယ္႔ကို မလွဳပ္နဲ႔၊ ေရွ႔မတိုးနဲ႔ တဲ႔။ ခါးမွာ
ထိုးထားတဲ႔ ေသနတ္ေပၚကို လက္ေတြတင္ရင္း ေျပာတယ္။ အားလုံးက ကိုယ္႔ကို ၾကည္႔လို႔။
ကိုယ္ကလဲ ေလယာဥ္ မမီလိုက္မွာစိုးလို႔ ေရွ႔ကို ေျဖးေျဖးခ်င္း တိုးမလို႔။ တေယာက္က
ခပ္က်ယ္က်ယ္ ေအာ္တယ္။ မင္းအက်ီ ၤေအာက္မွာ ဘာလဲ တဲ႔။ တခုခု ရွိတယ္ တဲ႔။ (ဗုံးေတြ
ခ်ိတ္ထားတာေဟ႔ လို႔ ေျပာလိုက္ရင္ေတာ႔ ပြဲၿပီးၿပီ။ ဒီဘေလာ႔ဂ္ေတာင္ လုပ္ရမွာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။)
မိုးခ်ိဳသင္း
ေဆး
ဘေလာ႔ဂ္ကို ပစ္ထားတာလဲ ၾကာၿပီ။
ဘေလာ႔ဂ္မွာ ၃ရက္ေလာက္ ခြင္႔ယူမည္ဆိုၿပီး သတင္းစကားမွာ ေရးၿပီးတင္ထားတာလဲ
စိတ္ထဲမွာေတာ႔ ၃ ေနာက္က သုညတလုံးေလာက္ တိုးလိုက္ရမလား စဥ္းစားေနတာ။ သုည
ႏွစ္လုံးေလာက္ဆိုရင္ေတာ႔ ေအးေဆးပဲ။
မိုးခ်ိဳသင္း
စုံေထာက္ႀကီး ျဖစ္ခ်င္တယ္
ငယ္ငယ္တုန္းကေတာ႔ လူႀကီးေတြက သမီးႀကီးလာရင္ ဘာလုပ္မလဲ လို႔ အေဖနဲ႔ အေမတို႔က
အျမဲေမးခဲ႔ဖူးတယ္။
မိုးခ်ိဳသင္း
ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္
ဒီေန႔ေတာ႔ မိုးေလးကလဲ အုံ႔၊ ညဖက္မွာလဲ မိုးေလးက နည္းနည္းပါးပါး ရြာထားျပန္၊
ေဆာင္းဦးရာသီလဲ ၀င္လာၿပီဆိုေတာ႔ ရာသီဥတုက မွဳန္မွဳန္ မွိဳင္းမွဳိင္းေလး ျဖစ္ေနတယ္။
အဲဒီေတာ႔ လူ႔စိတ္က ဘာရယ္မဟုတ္ဘူး၊ ဟိုေတြး ဒီေတြးနဲ႔ ဟိုကို လြမ္းသလိုလို၊ ဒီကို
လြမ္းသလိုလို ျဖစ္မိတယ္။
မိုးခ်ိဳသင္း
စစ္အာဏာရွင္တုိ႔ႏွင့္ ဒီမုိကေရစီ
ေ၀းကြာလွမ္း၏
ေၾကးမံုဦးေသာင္း
(၇-၃-၀၈)
အာဂသတိၱ ျမန္မာျပည္သား။
ေထာင္ထဲမွာ ရဲစိတ္မွန္
အျပင္မွာ ဇဲြစိတ္သန္
ေထာင္ထဲမွာ ဒီစိတ္
ေထာင္ထဲမွာ ဒီႏွလံုးသား
အျပင္မွာလည္း ဒီႏွလံုးသား
ေထာင္ထဲမွာ ဒီဝတ္စံု
အျပင္မွာလည္း ဒီဝတ္စံု
အျပင္မွာလည္း ဒီစကား
ေထာင္ထဲမွာ ဒီအၿပံဳး
အျပင္မွာလည္း ဒီအၿပံဳး
ျပည္သူ႔အတြက္ သူ႔မ်က္လံုး
ႏိုင္ငံအတြက္ သူ႔မ်က္လံုး
အႏွစ္ ၂ဝမွ်
အက်ဥ္းက်ခံ အုတ္နံရံထဲ
ဆင္းရဲမြန္းက်ပ္ ေနခဲ့လတ္လည္း
စိတ္ဓာတ္ခိုင္က်ည္ ရဲရဲနီလ်က္
အႏိုင္မခံ အ႐ႈံးမေပး
သတၱိေသြးကို ေလးစားပါသည္
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကို ဝန္းရံ
လႊတ္ေတာ္ကို ဝန္းရံ
ရံသံုးရံသည္၊ အမွန္တရား
တို႔ရင္ၾကားကို အပ္ဖ်ားႏွင့္ဆြ
သင္၏ စကား
စည္းလံုးညီညြတ္႐ွိၾကစို႔။ ။
မိဘေက်းဇူး တရားေဟာဆရာ
စိုးသင့္ေဆြ
ႏုိ၀င္ဘာ ၂၊ ၂၀၀၈
မူရင္း - http://yawnathanzinyaw.blogspot.com
ရုပ္ရွင္မင္းသား ျမတ္ေလး
ေမာင္စြမ္းရည္
ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၃၁၊ ၂၀၀၈
ဘီဘီစီ၀က္ဘ္ဆုိက္မွာ ျမန္မာလုိဖတ္ႏုိင္ၿပီ
မုိးမခအေထာက္ေတာ္ ၂
ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၃၀၊ ၂၀၀၈
DVB - Wwin_Burmese
RFA - BIT
VOA - Zawgyi-One
BBC - Myanmar1
၀င္းေဖလြယ္အိတ္ အမွတ္ ၅
ေဖာင္ေတာ္ဦးဘုရားပြဲ
ဓာတ္ပုံသတင္း
ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၂၄၊ ၂၀၀၈
ညြန္႔ေထြး
ဆရာေတာ္တပါးနဲ႔ စကားလက္ဆုံ
အစကေတာ့ ျမန္မာျပည္က
ေခတၱလာေရာက္တဲ့ ဆရာေတာ္တပါးက
စာအုပ္စာတမ္းတခ်ဳိ႔ ဖတ္ခ်င္တာေတြရွိလုိ႔
ရွာေဖြေပးမိတာပါ။ ျပီးေတာ့ ဆရာေတာ္နဲ႔ စကားစျမည္
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 61 223
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
ေျပာဆို တင္ေလွ်ာက္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ေမာင္ရစ္က စကားလည္း ၄ လုံးကြဲေအာင္ မေျပာတတ္၊ (ဒီ မို
က ေရ စီ … ဟုိက္ ၅ လုံး ျဖစ္သြားျပီ)။ စာလည္း တည့္တည့္ ေျဖာင့္ေျဖာင့္ မေရးတတ္ပါဘူး။
(ဒီေကာင္က ေစာင္းျပီးေျပာတယ္ တဲ့၊ လက္ေရးမလွဘူးလို႔ ဆိုတာနဲ႔တူရဲ႕)။ ဆရာေတာ္ကို
အင္တာဗ်ဴးဖို႔ မစဥ္းစားရဲပါ။ ေနာက္ေတာ့လည္း ေမးျဖစ္တာေလးေတြကို ဆရာေတာ္က
ေစတနာ ေမတၱာထားျပီး ေျဖခဲ့ေတာ့ အဲသည္အေၾကာင္းေတာ့ ေရးဦးမွပဲဆိုျပီး ေရးပါတယ္။
ဆရာေတာ္က ေျဖတယ္။
ေမာင္ရစ္ကလည္း -
ဆရာေတာ္က ဆက္ေျပာပါတယ္။
အပုိင္း (၁)
တုိးျမင့္လာတာကုိ ေတြ႕ျမင္ၾကရပါတယ္။
xxx
ဆန္းစစ္ခ်က္ တစ္ခုပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
တုိးလာတာကို ေတြ႕ရွိရပါတယ္။
ခံလုိက္ရသေယာင္ေယာင္ျဖစ္သြားပါတယ္။
မတ္လ ၂၇ ရက္ေန႔။
ပ်ံ႕ႏွံ႔သြားပါတယ္။
မတ္လ ၁၈ ရက္ …
ျပစ္တင္စကားေျပာၾကားပါတယ္။
အနက္အဓိပၸာယ္ဖြင့္ဆုိလုိက္ ျခင္းျဖစ္တယ္'
ႀကီးပြားခ်မ္းသာလာတာျဖစ္တယ္။
အျပည့္အဝရရွိတဲ့သူေတြပါ။
တန္ျပန္ထုိးစစ္ဆင္ေရးပါပဲ။
လုိက္ပါတယ္။
ေခါင္းေဆာင္တစ္ေယာက္ျဖစ္သြားပါတယ္။
စုိးမုိးအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ထားႏုိင္တယ္။
တပ္ခ်ထားပါတယ္။
ႏုိင္ၿပီးျဖစ္တယ္။
တီထြင္ထုတ္လုပ္လုိက္တယ္။
အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာႏွစ္သန္းထုတ္ခံထုတ္ရတဲ့ ေဝ့ေ၇ႊကန္းပါပဲ။
ေတြ႕ဆံု ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ထုိင္းအစုိးရကုိ ေမတၲာရပ္ခံပန္ၾကားလုိက္ပါတယ္။
တရားစီရင္ေစမွာ ျဖစ္တယ္။
ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ခင္ၫြန္႔က ထုတ္ေဖာ္ေျပာျပျပန္တယ္။
အားသာပါ တယ္ခင္ဗ်ာ'
ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ ၾကည့္လာၾကပါၿပီ။
တပ္ေစလႊတ္ တုိက္ခုိင္းႏုိင္ခဲ့တယ္။
(ေရႊလျခမ္းသစ္) က စီးဝင္လာတာျဖစ္တယ္'
အေနအထားမွာ ရွိေနပါတယ္။
ကြာျခားေနပါတယ္။
လုပ္ကုိင္ႏုိင္ၿပီျဖစ္တယ္။
အက်ယ္ ၿခိမ္းေျခာက္လုိ႔ေနပါၿပီ။
ျဖည့္ဆည္းေပးပါလိမ့္မယ္။
လယ္ထြန္စက္ႀကီးေတြနဲ႔ ေျမလွန္ပစ္လုိက္မယ္။
အႀကီးအက်ယ္စိုက္ၾကပါတယ္။
တာလီဘန္တုိ႔ကို ေတာင္းဆုိလာၾကပါတယ္။
အထင္အရွားေတြ႕ေနရပါတယ္။
ထင္ထင္ရွားရွားေတြ႕ျမင္ေနရပါတယ္။
အ့ံမခန္းႏုိင္ပါတကား'
အရွားေဖာ္ျပလုိ႔ေနပါတယ္။
အားတုိက္စုစည္းထားၾကတာကုိပဲ လုပ္ေနၾကပါတယ္။
စားေနေတာ့မွာလဲ။
ထုတ္လုပ္မႈႏႈန္းထားအႀကီးအက်ယ္က်ဆင္းသြားပါတယ္။
အက်ဳိးဆက္ႀကီး ထင္ဟပ္လုိ႔ေပၚလာပါတယ္။
ပါတယ္။
ဝုိင္းရံလုိက္ၿပီး တုိက္ၾကေလတယ္။
ျမန္မာတုိ႔ဘက္က လုိက္နာျခင္းမရွိပါ။
စည္ကားျပန္ပါတယ္။
ေဆြးေႏြးသြားမယ္လုိ႔ ေျပာသြားပါတယ္။
တေလွ်ာက္မွာ တပ္အင္အားျဖန္႔ခ်လုိက္တယ္။
အႀကိတ္အနယ္စစ္ျဖစ္ၾကေလတယ္။
ေတာင္ပုိင္းေဒသဆီ အလံုးအရင္းေရႊ႕ေျပာင္းလုိက္တယ္။
နယ္ေျမေဒသျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ႀကီးထြားလာပါတယ္။
ရြက္ဆစ္တပ္ဖြဲ႕ခ်ဳပ္ကိုင္ခဲ့တဲ့ နယ္ေျမေတြျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ထားလုိက္ ပါတယ္။
လုပ္ကုိင္ေနတုန္းပါပဲ။
ေဖးမေထာက္ခံ ေပးေလတယ္။
အားေပးအားေျမႇာက္ျပဳလုိက္ျခင္းျဖစ္တယ္။
ထပ္ဆင့္ေတာင့္ခံအားေပးလုိက္ျခင္းပါပဲ။
ေျဖရွင္းပစ္ရပါမယ္။
ေရးထည့္ထားပါ တယ္။
တုိက္ခုိက္သိမ္းပုိက္လုိက္ေလတယ္။
အႀကိတ္အနယ္စစ္ျဖစ္ၾကေလတယ္။
ေတာင္ပုိင္းေဒသဆီ အလံုးအရင္းေရႊ႕ေျပာင္းလုိက္တယ္။
နယ္ေျမေဒသျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ႀကီးထြားလာပါတယ္။
ရြက္ဆစ္တပ္ဖြဲ႕ခ်ဳပ္ကိုင္ခဲ့တဲ့ နယ္ေျမေတြျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ထားလုိက္ ပါတယ္။
လုပ္ကုိင္ေနတုန္းပါပဲ။
ေဖးမေထာက္ခံ ေပးေလတယ္။
အားေပးအားေျမႇာက္ျပဳလုိက္ျခင္းျဖစ္တယ္။
ထပ္ဆင့္ေတာင့္ခံအားေပးလုိက္ျခင္းပါပဲ။
ေျဖရွင္းပစ္ရပါမယ္။
ေရးထည့္ထားပါ တယ္။
တုိက္ခုိက္သိမ္းပုိက္လုိက္ေလတယ္။
ရြက္ဆစ္တုိ႔ကုိ ဝုိင္းတုိက္ေလတယ္။
တ႐ုတ္ျပည္နယ္နိမိတ္အတြင္းပိုင္းဆီ တသြင္သြင္စီးဝင္သြားေလတယ္။
ထူးထူးကဲကဲ ႀကီးထြားလာပါတယ္။
ခင္းက်င္းလုိက္ေလတယ္။
တုိက္ခုိက္ျခင္း ပဲျဖစ္တယ္။
၂၂-၄-၂ဝဝ၂။
လာေရာက္စုေဝးၾကပါတယ္။
သမုိင္းတြင္ေလာက္တဲ့ တီထြင္ၾကံဆမႈႀကီးျဖစ္ပါတယ္'
ေျပာင္းလဲမႈႀကီးေပၚေပါက္လာေခ် ေတာ့မည္တည္း။