BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

Unit 1: Pre-Production Techniques- P1/M1/D1 - Understand requirements for a specific media production. Unit 2: Communication Skills Be able to extract information from written sources. Coursework due Wednesday 16th October 2013 Introduction Pre-production is looking at what needs to be done before the production of the film; this is looking at things like finance, if the production will be privately funded or looking into loans/grants that will budget the production to looking at location, where the film scenes are going to be shot and recorded, permission to use specific locations and how to get special permission and things like possible cast members, actors and crew members, cameramen, lighting expects, sound engineers etc. I will be doing a short film production for my unit 22 task, short films are films that are no longer than 40 minutes, this was stated by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts And Science, an example of shorts films are films like, Last Man On Earth by Carlo Ortu (^) which can be found on, http://www.bbc.co.uk/filmnetwork/films/ where there are a list of other short films; I will also need to look at things like pre-production and postproduction; the difference between pre-production and post-production is that, preproduction looks at what needs to be done before the production of the film, as mentioned before and post-production is looking at things that need to be done after the production of the film, such as cuts to the film, adding transitions, editing the scenes and looking at possible moves after the release of the film, for example, if I released my short film in cinemas, I could consider releasing the film on a DVD/Bluray format and selling it in stores or online through companies like Love Film or Netflix.
1.

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques 2.

Finance

Shorts film can be financed in many ways; one way is through the BFI, the British film industry, the company was founded in 1933 and they help fund people looking to make films and help them with things like, distribution and exhibition. The BFI are now also offering a film education scheme for people aged 5-19, where those who are willing and have a passion for making films can study a more in-depth course on making films, the BFI also offer grants to people who are looking to make a film and fund them in doing so, another way in which people could have gotten financed for their films was by asking the UK Film Council, however they have closed down. Films can also be financed through private investors, this is where the company, who is making the short film, will go to someone who is rich/famous or has a keen interest in films and ask them to fund their project, the company will usually present the investor with the script of the project and the idea, trying to sell the film idea to the investor. Once the investors agrees, he or she could ask for a return when the movie makes a profit and breaks even with the investor, by this I mean, if the company borrowed 250000 from an investor, they could ask for a return of 300000, after the company makes that money back from selling the short film or by having it played in events/cinemas, whatever they have left after paying their expensive like actors and props, will become profit for themselves. A prime example for private investor is looking at the film, Attack the Block (2011). The film was released by Optimum Releasing and directed by Joe Cornish; however the film was financed by Nick Frost, who willingly contributed a large sum of his own money to budget the film, this is an example of private investment and also by the following studios, the UK Film Council (which is now closed), Film4 Production, Big Talk pictures and StudioCanal, who all helped pitch and make the film. However the film didnt turn out as successful as they wanted and only made 3,831,475 on the box office, which means the company lost out on a huge sum of money and also, nick Frost would not have been paid anything because the film didnt make enough to meet what they had borrowed or to return anything back to Nick Frost after paying expensive and services. Another way a company can be financed to create a short film is by looking at things like advertising revenue. A company that may not need so much money or just an extra bit for money that will help them could considering looking into Advertising revenue, this is when a certain product or services is used from another company in the short film to help promote the company. For example, Radio Stations uses this idea to generate most of their own income, radio stations advertise special companies because they have paid the radio station to allow them to advertise to help promote their company,

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

like car insurance companies would target advertising themselves on radio station because their main audience will need to have ownership of a car and people usually always listen to the radio while driving, which helps the company to promote itself and the radio station to generate income. Companies who are creating short films can do things similar to this process; they can look into certain companies that will want to advertise a new product or service and have that new product/service included in the film, this could be like a character drinking a new coca cola drink and saying that it tastes good, giving the new product a good review while in the film, this is called product placement. There are certain things when making (short) films to consider, things like location of scenes, cameramen, Sound Engineers, Lighting equipment, mise en scene. The screenshots are from a program hosted by a talent, named Charlie Brooker, who teaches us how much each services would cost to produce a television program. Although the video is based on how a television program is made and budgeted, this can still be applied to making a short film and having an estimate of how much each service will cost the company producing the short film and helps them total up a rough budget for the film.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/criticcharlie-brooker-explains-how-televisionprogrammes-get-made/8238.html

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

3. Time

Time is an important factor when producing a film because the longer it takes to usually shoot a film the more money it takes to produce it, whereas if the film follows the preproduction plan and everything runs smoothly, the film will be done quicker which means the less money the company spends on the actual production. Going back at looking into films, it took director/writer, Joe Cornish, 1 year to make the film Attack the Block. However, from the actual pre-production/idea to releasing the film on screen / DVD, it had taken Joe, almost 20 years to produce it however because during an interview he talks about how he has a good relationship with film4 and BigTalk production, he said that they had helped to raise the finance while he was working on the scripts. But then we also find out it only had taken him a year to actually record the film and produce it. We find out that he began recording the film in March 2010 and the film was released May 2011. Because of the short time Joe had used to make the film means the budget for making the actual film wouldnt be so big however this could also mean that Joe had clearly planned out how each part of the film would be recorded properly, which meant he saved himself from spending a lot of money on hiring equipment and also saved/preserved a lot of production time. Another film I could look at it is the Avengers which was released 26th April 2012 however, plans to create the film was first planned in 2005, taking the film 7 years to actually be produced and released. The actual recording of the film began on 25th April 2011 also taking a year to film and produce like attack the block however because the film is much longer and has more in the film, the budget is much larger. Time is also important when looking at equipment, because most producers have to hire equipment and workers, the would usually like to hire them for a shorter period of time to save themselves more money, so the longer the producer has to hire equipments and workers, the more money they are spending in these areas and less money is going into other fields in the production. It is also important to consider planning events and scenes thoroughly before actually producing them and filming because planning can help save time during production because the producer will know exactly what to do and be able to make sure everyone

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

works on time, meaning the producer will not have to deal with mistakes and be able to record scenes in a much shorter period of time and be able to save money for the production, planning is usually done before the production, so is considered as a preproduction step which helps the overall production to become more effective and successful.
4. Personnel

Skill matching and having the right experiences is important in the film industry because this determines how the outcome of the project will turn out to be. If you have a group of people who are new to the film industry with no or little experience, the outcome of the film will most likely turn out to be not so good and the end production will not be the same as a group of experienced and skilled workers. There are many things workers in the film industry can do to gain specific skills or experience that will help them achieve more and better things when working on projects. For example, there are training programs workers can undertake that will help them find out which sort of field in the media industry they want to go in and develop specialised skill sets in working in that field, The BECTU, is the Broadcasting Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre trade union and they do many things for workers in the media industry, one thing they help workers with is that they help offer courses and training programs that help build workers up, they teach workers who to perform in given situations and how to operate and handle specific equipment they wish to use; for example if a worker wanted to specialize himself in the camera side of the media and become a camera man, then he or she will undergo training that will help them to understand the different types of cameras, when to use specific types and where and general knowledge of becoming a cameraman/woman. Training also offers workers to build on skills like solving problems/ technical problems, team working skills, independently working skill and other related skills like how to operate certain softwares/hardware/ICT skills. There are many different ways to be able to recruit specific types of workers for a production. A common way to advertise is to put posters up advertising the company and what kind of person we are looking for, for example, a director who has a minimum of 1 years worth of experience in the film industry and that is comfortable at producing good horror films, or by using the internet and sites like Jobsite.co.uk or even advertising on the internet on sites like, YouTube, Google, Netflix, Love Films; by targeting sites that are film based sites, I could increase the chance of find someone who has a passion for films/videos and be able to target them while they do something the love doing in their everyday lives, also these sites are highly famous and used by a wide range of people all over the world everyday, so this factor will also increase the chances of finding a potential candidate to fill in a job application and apply for the job roles.

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

Director Example of a Director is Steven Spielberg. He directed three famous films, Jaws (1975), E.T (1982) and Jurassic Park (1993). A director is someone who directs what the film members do, such as what each actor does in scenes, the director gives the orders to the actors especially on how they should act and in what ways, for example, the director will tell the actor while filming a scene whether they need to say a line in a different tone or mood etc. the directors usually work closes with the writer to perfect the film scenes. To become a good director, you must have at least a Bachelor's degree in a Media based subject and at least, minimum 1 year of experience in a related work place. A director must also have great communicational skills to interact with everyone on the set and be able to give clear and detailed instructions. A director must also be punctual skills and be on time/early to the workplace because the director is the heart of the production and without a director, the film cannot be made. A director must also be able to understand the roles of each individual and understand how everyone works to understand how to orientate the workplace effectively and make sure everyone is doing exactly what they need to do and when to do it. According to the Vanity Fair magazine, the highest paying directors receive an annual payment of around $10 million to $300 million, and Steven Spielberg being one of the highest paid directors who receive almost $330million per year (according to http://www.salary-money.com/steven-spielberg-salary330000000.php#.UmAWY1A3vVE ). A director usually earns around $10'137 $147'949 in the US, which is usually around 6277 - 91'626 in the UK.

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

Eugenio Zanetti, is an example of a set designer, he design the set for the famous film, The Last Action man (1993). a set designer basically designs what the set/location in the scene looks like, this could be things like, how a room looks in a scene from the smallest details like lamps to bigger, more noticeable things like actual bed positioning and bed type (single bed, master bed etc.). in order to become a good set design, you must have a passion for designing and also a qualification of a Bachelor's degree in set design, scenic design, theater or a related subject. Set designers must have a good keen eye and must be able to pay close attention to detail and be able to notice even the smallest of things. Set designers must also be visually and be able to create moods and be able to explain either the character or the scene by the way the set is designed for example, if the scene was of a man in a deserted place, the set designer must be able to visualise a deserted place and how the scene could potentially look and be able to recreate a new set that will match the film, and be able to tell the audience that the place is deserted just by them looking at the set. A set designer can also be good at an art based subject/ be good at art and could recreate scenes by drawing them out firstly then acting upon the drawings and/or be able to go out and look at similar places and be able to apply key knowledge and understand what makes things specifically makes a scene/set. An average amount a set designer will be paid is roughly about $23'900 $65'663/ 14801 - 40665.

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

Actor, Famous actor, Adam Sandler. He has done films such as Grown-ups (2012) Thats My Boy (2013). an actor is the main person in film and is the person who brings the whole film to life by being able to become someone else and put on a show, an actor is the person who reads and reviews the scripts and changes themselves from being themselves into the character that the director wants them to be however with a unique feature. Actors/Actresses should be able to listen well, this is to be able to listen to tasks set and follow correct orders to prefect the new character/role they will be undertaking, listening will also help them understand the task and the story. They should also have good communicational skills and a good grammar, this is to help interact with other actors and become a better actor, the better the communicational skill is the better the performance may turn out, also be having a good grammar, the audience will be able to understand the play better and what the actor is saying. Actors must also be able to read on a high level, this is so that firstly they understand there lines and also, so that they themselves can break down the lines and understand how it is meant to be delivered and the meaning of each sentence, they must also have good reactions and also be on the ball, because live acting can become hard and doesnt always flow the way expected so other actors must be ready to help other actors if they being to slip during a performance and be able to continue to scene normally to cover the slips. Actors must have a basic skill of performing arts, for example, they must have done Drama as a GCSE subject, A Level/BTEC and have a degree in a Performing Art Based subject. An average based salary an actor/actress would receive is about $15'080 - $ 181'788/ 9'339 - 112'583.

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

John Alan Lasseter is an Animator, film director, Screen Writer, producer and Chief Creative officer. Works at Pixar/LucasFilm and was executive producer and director of films like Toy story (1 and 2), Cars (1 & 2) and A Bugs Life. He is also famous for creating and animating the famous animated toy, Woody (Toy Story). An animator should be creative and artistic/Some basic knowledge of drawing and or Sculpting skills because when using CGI/Animation software, animators tend to use clay to model the character/object before loading them onto the software to animate them. Animators should also have great IT skills and be able to concentrate for a long period of time, when working on projects, be able to give ideas and lead groups and work well in a team, meaning they should also have good communicational skills and have a high interest in art and designing. Animators must also have a good eye and should be able to pay attention to details, be able to follow briefs/orders and complete tasks to deadlines, they must also be able to visualise the end result and take criticism well, so that they can improve on themselves and learn animation in more depth. Animation can also become a work load, so they will also need to be well organised and must be on time. Mostly all animators in the industry have a degree or something similar, in courses like Animation production (at the Arts Institutes of Bournemouth University) or Art and Design (Computer Animation). The average salary for an animator is usually $32'612 - $85'095/20'196 - 52'700.

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques 5. Facilities

When producing my short film I will need to consider things like facilities I will need to use and production equipments that I will need. One type of facility/ person I could hire could be a bookings manager, this person will be in-charge of ordering the right equipments I will need for my production, they will make sure that the right amount of the equipment is ordered, the correct equipment is ordered and weather the equipment is dry hired or wet hired; Dry hired is hiring equipment without an operator and wet hire is the opposite meaning, hiring an equipment with a specialised operated that knows how to effectively operate the piece of equipment, the use of this option is mainly so that production companies that do not have a camera man for their production for example, can hire both the equipment and the worker at one time rather than individually and helps producers who are new to the industry and who doesn't know people that specialize in this field by offering skilled worker, however this also works the other way, people who have connections to workers like camera workers however they do not have the correct equipment can also just hire the equipment and use their own specialised workers to operate it. I will need to look at production equipments, equipments like cameras, lighting, Cranes, tracking equipment, Tri-pods etc. and making sure I only hire equipments that I need. I will also look at editing facilities that will help edit the final production or look at hiring/buying softwares that will help me do things like, add the special effects to the footage, specific cuts and transactions and adding important things like the Title of the film and Credits, an example of a software I can use is Final Cut Pro. There is also companies like Film New Orleans that specialise in post-production and things like providing food etc.

Food Facility House

Camera Operator and Director

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

6. Materials

When discussing materials for a film, this is looking at things like using sounds/audio photos, recording and found footage. During my production, I could use things like audio or soundtracks to relate to the film and make it bring the film more to life in certain scenes. I could use materials from other people and help create a similar feeling/mood in the scene by using the audio, by this I mean rather than having a scene where to something sad happens and from the directors point of view, I am just showing two people crying in a scene, I could add a slow, calm audio/soundtrack that could help make the scene more sadder and give the sense of sadness through the use of audio and not just through what the audience can see physically. Another type of material I could look at is found footage, this is footage that already exists, that I personally haven't recorded. This could be like using a footage that someone else recorded and put on the internet on sites like YouTube for example or using actual footage of someone for a documentary. If I was producing a documentary about someone famous, I could find footage that his family may have about him, footage like him at events or home recording footage which can explain related topics in the documentary. Found footage can also be using a footage that already exists like a clip from an old TV series. However when using things like TV series, producers must make sure the material is cleared before using it, by this I mean that the company must pay clearance fees to the company that produced the clip so that their production company can use the clip legally. As mentioned in the Charlie Brooker's video, he talks about clearance and him using an old clip and how it costs the production team 500 and by him showing a picture that had been copyrighted costs 50 to use legally.
7. Contributors

Contributors are people that help make the film, this could be people like talents, these are people who usually are seen hosting the show for example, Ant and Dec are two famous talents that host shows like Britains Got talent. There are also contributors that are called extras, these are the type of people that can be seen in the background of the scene however people that are not important relating to the storyline of the film, in my short film, I will not need a talent because my short film has no links/use for a host, because they are mainly seen hosting a TV show and my short film has no reference to a TV show, however because of the location of my film, there will be people in the background of my short film, so there will be extras at some point of my short film

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

production, which will also mean that I will need to make the extras sign a release form; this could be a legal document will have to be made which will have to be properly checked by solicitors, and checked over by all the cast, that will include a release and consent agreement which gives me evidence that the crew member has given me permission to use the footage or use their work, for example I will get an actor to sign the form so that this will give me evidence that the actor has allowed me to use them and the scenes they have shot to be in my film. The same thing will apply to the editing team and everyone who is featured in it. If a person/extra didn't want to be in the scene, and they don't sign the form, then by law, the producer would need to blur the persons figure and make sure the persons identity is reminded hidden to the views.

This is an example of a release form which actors and actresses have to sign has a legal document so the director/producer has legal proof and rights to show footage with them starring in.

BTEC CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION -Unit 22: Single Camera Techniques

8. Locations

Location is looking at where the film is be shot, where each scene will take place, once the location of each scene is established, the producer will need to get permission to use the location to create their film. The producer most recce different locations before picking a single place to begin shooting, recce is looking at different but similar locations and making comparisons to see which location is better, for example, if there was a scene that involves a quite park location, the directors would pinpoint different locations of parks and go out and see what the park is like, if he can visualize the scene in this specific park, the level of noise is correct, possible natural lighting and how much it will cost to use this public space. Once the producer has finished the recce and sees which park is better to film on, the producer would normally speak to people like the area's council and ask for permission to use the park to produce a film, usually the produce will need to pay on the location depending on the actual location, for example, if there was an office scene and the producer looked into recording in an actual office, the owner would demand payment for each time they use the office because they are a company themselves which is renting out an office space where they work, so rather than the company losing money from renting an office out, they usually charge the production team and make money back that they would potently lose. The producer would also consider factors like health and safety to see if the location is suitable for all the people involved in that specific scene; for example, if the if a crew member has allergic to a certain type of plant that is usually found in the park and the scene they need to shoot as in a park that has the plant, then the directors is putting the member in danger and also is running the risk or pro-longing/stopping the production because of the fact he or she has not checked for health and safety issues and concerns and has put another person in danger.

9. Codes of practice and regulation. A) Regulation

The BBFC is the British Board film Classification, this is the company what watches the film, reviews it and gives it an official rating. The ratings for films are either a U, this means the film is suitable for all ages, PG which means they film requires Parental Guidance, 12 meaning anyone of the age of 12 and older and can this film, 12A is a rating only included on a DVD or Video released film which also means suitable for people aged 12 and up, 15 is suitable for anyone who is 15 or older and the same applies for and film which is rated 18. All the different (age) ratings are there for a reason, for example if a film was rated 15, this means that the film wont contain scenes or aspects that you would find in a rated 18 film. Horror films are usually rated 18 because of the violence and scenes that could possibly affect

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someone who is younger, mentally. For example, back in 1993, there was an incident where two boys had murdered a three year old after they had watched Child Play and recreating the scenes/footage. Because of this incident the BBFC has become stricter on their ratings and gave the statement saying that the film was rated 18 for a reason and they advise people/parents to stick to the ratings. The BBFC has also rejected a lot of films around that time because of fears that people watching it will be mentally affected like Venable was when watching Childs Play; Mikey is an example of a film about a child killer which was released 1993 however the BBFC rejected it and didnt give the film a rating because of the fear that another case similar to the Venable case wouldnt happen again and that if a child does somehow watch the film, he or she wont recreate or act violently similar to scenes in the film. A Similar incident happened to Hell of the Living Dead where it was seen to be linked to the Bulger case and was banned until 2002 where the BBFC finally gave it a rating of 18. The BBFC also deals with giving the audience a BBFCinsight where they inform people what the ratings of the film is and why, this is to show the people why they have giving the film that specific rating, for example if they had given the film a rating of 18, that usually means there are references to scenes that involve, sex, drugs, violence and or bad language. One case study I will be looking at is how the BBFC had received more complaints about the film Lovely Bones than any other film in 2010. The film was about a girl who was murdered however she is still seen in the film, is the main character, and watches over her family and her killer. The BBFC gave the film a rating of 12A (DVD) and 15 in cinema, however viewers were not pleased to have watched the film and some with young children, about a girl who is murdered, the BBFC said Many found it to be shocking and upsetting experience; however the BBFC gave a clear statement as to why they gave the film that specific rating, they said that the film lacked any explicit details of the murder and had many positive messages about life this was also the case for the film, Kick-Ass, where is received a lot of complaints about giving the film a wrong rating, however the BBFC said that the film is a 15 because there was a lack of focus on injuries and suffering and an absence of any sadistic or sexualized element to the viole nt. There has also been a case where the BBFC has completely banned a film because of the risks it contains. The Human Centipede 2 was banned by the BBFC because they said that the film is a real risk of harm to viewers. The BBFC also said that even if the company had made changes and cuts to the film the film will still be too harmful to release because of the actual message the film gives the audience; the BBFC said the film poses a real, as opposed to a fanciful, risk that harm is likely to be cause d to potential viewers and also that there is little attempt to portray any of the victims in the film as anything other than objects to be brutalized, degraded and mutilated for the amusement and arousal of the central character, as well as for the pleasure of the audience. The film was only given the certification once 32 cuts were made to the film to make it more suitable for the audience to watch. Ofcom, or Office of Communications, is a company that deals with complaints about TV and radio broadcasts and makes sure that both of these companies follow the

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correct rules of broadcasting. Ofcom helps deal with the audience rather than the company that the audience is complaining to having to deal with them, Ofcom works as the middle man in the TV and Radio station broadcasting, they deal with matters like making sure that people who watch a specific show on TV or listen to something on the radio do not get offended or the show/station do not use any offensive materials such as racist comments or sexist attitude. They also make sure that both Medias diverse out to a wide range of audience with a range of interests through the use of TV shows or radio station news/music. Ofcom also deals with complaints, for example, if the audiences are at home are voting for a TV show like X Factor or Britains Got Talent and they believe their vote did not go through, they can call Ofcom and arrange them to help either get their vote counted or get their money back.
B) Codes of practice

Public Liability is looking at how I can stop the risk of harming the public when shooting out on a location; this could be things like the public getting caught up in the production/during an action scene and getting hurt. The person who is injured than has the right to sue the director/production or is liable to calm against the company if the accident was caused due to the director not sticking to health and safety regulations and public liability rules, this means the director has breached the Duty of Care for the Public/Health and Safety. The way I can overcome and prevent this is by properly checking the area is secured, making sure that the location is off limits to the public while the production s in motion and that there are signs to warn the public that certain things may happen/an indication that danger may occur to the public if not properly protected. Also looking at the study of humans and apply Ergonomics to help staff when working. The reason for this is because, by looking into ergonomics, producers can look at related products that best match their staffs measurements to help them work. Some basic designs that are already introduced in work places are the seats. Many work places have seats that adjust to the users correct body positions and have the option to raise or lower seat levels and change the angle of the back. Many workplaces that require staff to work on computers all day have specially designed keyboards and mouses that are to help users operate easier and reduce pain or cramps occurring in their hands. Also by looking at simple things such as allowing staff who operate on computers all day a chance to take a break and preform exercises to help them reduce the risk of developing pains and problems in related areas, this is also going into health and safety of the workers and the workplace. Workers may also be offered insurance while working on the scene if they are involved the tasks that may inflict (serious) injuries. Stunt performers for example would be one set of crew members for will be offered health and safety insurance because of the tasks they have to perform, if the company does nt set up the scene properly or the company is liable for causing the stuntman injuries while performing, the insurance group can then cover both the stuntman and the company, saving them

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from using money in their own budget which would also mean a cut in resources and less money to work with making it harder for the overall film to be produced properly.
C) Trade union

The BECTU, Broadcasting Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre, is a UK based trade union that operates in the UK since 1991 and is a Democratic company, which means it is all ran by representatives that are elected by the members of the actual union themselves. The union helps Media related staff, contract and freelance workers with things like negotiating payment, they sort out if the company that hire the workers are paying them to little and can negotiate on behalf of the worker and correctly get the right payment for the worker if he or she feels they are being underpaid for their services. This can also apply to the condition they work in or on terms with contracts or tasks; if the worker feels like the conditions are not suitable for him or her to work in, the union can also represent the worker and fight for their case to make sure the company fixes this problem. Also if the worker thinks that the tasks/deadline that are set for them are not realistic or achievable, then the union could also step in and make sure something is do if they also believe that the worker is in the right and the case can be argued and won. The BECTU also offer people training and courses that they could complete which will help benefit them by being able to learn new skills that will help them achieve more and stand out in the entertainment industry. The union also aims to help protect workers job placements, increase the recognition and membership of the union and help improve the pay and help with things like pension for entertainment workers and the conditions they work in. This has an impact of the film industry because that means no worker in the media industry can be cheated while working and the company must stick to a proper contract and both parties must abide by them. This also has an effect of short film production as, the producers can go through the union to find workers but also that while they work, the union will have an effect that the company must have correct standards and meet the requirements for the worker also, this means having a good working condition for them to work in, correct contracts and payment otherwise the union can claim against the company, which will be a problem for companies such as short film producers because they usually don't have a lot of money to work with which can also be a problem if they do not stick to the agreements and the union claims against them.

Unit 2 Research
10. You must keep a research log with evidence of all the research you did to

include with your report. You must ensure you use a variety of sources books, magazines, newspapers, journals, handouts, interviews etc.. NOT just the

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internet. Make sure your sources are reliable.