MATH

Dxsuki
ASAS PEMBEZAAN


Pengenalan Kepada Pembezaan

1. Note Penting:


n
x
1
=
n
nx
dx
d
}jika ia ungkapan
n
x maka bila beza kita akan tulis
dx
d


n
x y =
1
=
n
nx
dx
dy
}jika ia persamaan
n
x y = maka bila beza kita akan tulis
dx
dy

( )
n
x x f = ( )
1
'

=
n
nx x f } jika ia fungsi ( )
n
x x f = maka bila beza kita akan tulis ( ) x f '


Pembezaan Prinsip Pertama

1. Jika ( ) x f y = , maka

=
dx
dy

( ) ( )
x
x f x x f
o
o +



2. Soalan Contoh

a. ( ) x x f =
( ) = x f '
( )
x
x x x
o
o +

=
x
x x x
o
o +

=
x
x
o
o

1 =


b. ( ) x x f 3 =
( ) = x f '
( )
(

+
x
x x x
o
o 3 3

=
(

+
x
x x x
o
o 3 3 3

=
(

x
x
o
o 3

3 =


had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
MATH

Dxsuki
c. ( )
2
x x f =
( ) = x f '
( )
(

+
x
x x x
o
o
2 2

=
(

+ +
x
x x x x x
o
o o
2 2 2
2

=
(

+
x
x x x
o
o o
2
2

=
x
x
x
x x
o
o
o
o
2
2
+

= | | x x o + 2

= | | 0 2 + x
x 2 =



d. ( )
2
2x x f =
( ) = x f '
( )
(

+
x
x x x
o
o
2 2
2 2

=
( )
(

+ +
x
x x x x x
o
o o
2 2 2
2 2 2

=
(

+ +
x
x x x x x
o
o o
2 2 2
2 2 4 2

=
x
x x x
o
o o
2
2 4 +

=
x
x
x
x x
o
o
o
o
2
2 4
+

= x x o 2 4 +

= ( ) 0 2 4 + x

x 4 =







had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
MATH

Dxsuki
e. 1 3
2
+ + = x x y
=
dx
dy

( ) ( ) ( )
x
x x x x x x
o
o o 1 3 1 3
2 2
+ + + + + +

=
( )
x
x x x x x x x x
o
o o o 1 3 1 2 3
2 2 2
+ + + + +

=
x
x x x x x x x x
o
o o o 1 3 1 3 6 3
2 2 2
+ + + + +

=
x
x x x x
o
o o o + +
2
3 6

=
x
x
x
x
x
x x
o
o
o
o
o
o
+ +
2
3 6

= 1 3 6 + + x x o


= ( ) 1 0 3 6 + + x

= 1 6 + x



f. ( )
x
x f
1
=
( ) = x f '
x
x x x
o
o
1 1

+

=
( )
( )( ) x x x x
x x x
o o
o
+
+

=
( ) x x x x
x
o o
o
+

2

=
x x x o +

2
1

=
( ) 0
1
2
x x +

2
1
x
=








had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
MATH

Dxsuki
g. x y =
=
dx
dy

x
x x x
o
o +

=
x x x
x x x
x
x x x
+ +
+ +
-
+
o
o
o
o

=
( ) x x x x
x x x
+ +
+
o o
o

=
( ) x x x x
x
+ +o o
o

=
x x x + +o
1

=
( ) x x + + 0
1

=
x x +
1

=
x 2
1


h. 1 + = x y
=
dx
dy

( )
x
x x x
o
o 1 1 + + +

=
( )
x
x x x
o
o 1 1 + + +
-
( )
( ) 1 1
1 1
+ + + +
+ + + +
x x x
x x x
o
o

=
( ) 1 1
1 1
+ + + +
+ +
x x x x
x x x
o o
o

=
1 1
1
+ + + + x x x o

=
1 1 0
1
+ + + + x x


1 2
1
+
=
x


3. Soalan Latihan :
1.
2
5x y =
2.
3
2
+ = x x y
3.
2
1
x
y =
4.
2
3
1
x
y =
5.
x x y 5
2
+ =
6.
1 3 2
2
+ = x x y
7.
x y 2 =
8.
1 = x y

had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
had
0 x o
Gunakan
Konjugat
Gunakan
Konjugat
MATH

Dxsuki
Pembezaan Fungsi Algebra

A) Petua Asas Pembezaan
n
x y =
1
=
n
nx
dx
dy

n
ax y =

1
=
n
anx
dx
dy


k y =
dimana k ialah pemalar
0 =
dx
dy


Contoh Soalan

1.
x y 9 =
9 =
dx
dy


2.

3
t y =
2
3t
dt
dy
=

3.

4
3x y =
( )
1 4
4 3

= x
dx
dy


4
12x =
4.

5
x y =
1 5
5

= x
dx
dy


4
5x =

5.

2
8
7
x y =
1 2
2
8
7

- = x
dx
dy

x
4
7
=
6.

2
4
3
x
y =

2
1
4
3
x
- =
2
4
3

- = x
1 2
2
4
3

- = x
dx
dy


3
2
3

- = x
3
2
3
x
=

7. 5 = y
0 =
dx
dy

8.

2
1
= y
0 =
dx
dy


Soalan Latihan :

1.
4
x
2. 7 = y
3.
2
3x y =
4.
5
t y =
5.
4
3
7
x
y =
6.
( )
6
3
5
x x f =
7.
( )
3
7 = x f
8.
3
4
1
x
y =

MATH

Dxsuki
B) Pembezaan Hasil Tambah
v u y + =
dx
dv
dx
du
dx
dy
+ =


Contoh Soalan

1.
9 2
2 5
+ + = x x y
9 2
2 5
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
+ + =
0 2 5 2
1 2 1 5
+ + - =

x x
dx
dy

x x 2 10
4
+ =
( ) 1 5 2
3
+ = x x

2.
t t y 5
3
+ =
t
dx
d
t
dx
d
dx
dy
5
3
+ =
( )
1 1 1 3
1 5 3

+ = t t
dt
dy

5 3
2
+ = t
3.

2
2 3 4
2
5 3
x
x x x
y
+ +
=

2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2 2
3
x
x
x
x
x
x
y + + =

2
5
2 2
3
2
+ + =
x
x y
2
5
2 2
3
2
dx
d x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
+ + =
0
2
1
2
2
3
1 1 1 2
+ + - =

x x

2
1
3 + = x

4.

z
z z
y
3
9 +
=

z
z
z
z
3
9
+ =

2
9 z + =
2
9 z
dz
d
dz
d
dz
dy
+ =

1 2
2 0

+ = z
z 2 =

5.
( )
2
2 3 + = x y kembangkan dulu
4 12 9
2
+ + = x x
4 12 9
2
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
+ + =
12 18 + = x
6.
( )
2
2
2 + = x y kembangkan dulu
4 4
2 4
+ + = x x
4 4
2 4
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
+ + =
x x 8 4
3
+ =

Soalan Latihan :

1.
2 4
4x x +
2.
6 4 2
3 4 15
+ + + +

z z z z
3.
2
2
2
3
6
x
x x
y
+
=
4.
3
3 5
5 4
t
t t
y
+ +
=
5.
( )
4
7
5
2
2
3
5
3
+ + = x
x
x f
6.
7
14
1
7 x y + =
7.
( )
2
3 2 + = x y
8.
( )
2
2
1 x y + =

MATH

Dxsuki
C) Pembezaan Hasil Tolak
v u y =

dx
dv
dx
du
dx
dy
=


Contoh Soalan

1.

3 2
2 x x y =
3 2
2 x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
=

1 3 1 2
2 2 2

+ - = x x

2
2 2 x x + =
( ) x x + = 1 2

2.
9 5
4
= t t y
9 4 5
4
dx
d
t
dx
d
t
dx
d
dt
dy
=
0 4 5
1 4 1 1
=

t t
dt
dy


3
4 5 t =
3.

2
2 3 4
2
3 2
x
x x x
y

=

2
2
2
3
2
4
2
3
2
2
2 x
x
x
x
x
x
y =

2
3
2 2
1
2
=
x
x y
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
=
0 1
2
1
2
2
1
1 1 1 2
- - =

x x

2
1
= x

4.

2
3
9
z
z z
y

=

2
3
2
9
z
z
z
z
=
z
z
=
9

z
dz
d
z
dz
d
dz
dy
=
1
9

1 1 1 1
9 1

- = z z
1 9
2
=

z
1
9
2
=
z


5.
( )
2
2 x y = kembangkan dulu

2
4 4 x x + =
2
4 4 x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
d
dx
dy
+ =
x 2 4 + =
( ) 2 2 = x


Soalan Latihan :
1.
2 4
5 x x
2.
( )( )
x
x x
y
3 2
=
3.
2
5 2
2
3
x
x x
y

=
4.
3
3 5
5 4
q
q q q
y

=
5.
( ) x x
x
x f
4
7
5
1 3
5
4
=
6.
( ) 15 5
1
2
3
3
4 15
= z
t
t t t f
7.
( )
2
3x x y =
8.
( )
2
2
1 x y =

MATH

Dxsuki
D) Pembezaan Hasil Darab
uv y =
dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+ =


Contoh Soalan:

Bagi soalan-soalan dibawah terdapat 2 cara untuk meyelesaikannya:
a) Kembangkan dan gunakan kaedah Pembezaan Hasil Tambah atau
Pembezaan Hasil Tolak
b) Gunakan kaedah Pembezaan Hasil Darab
Dalam contoh soalan dibawah akan menggunakan kaedah Pembezaan Hasil Darab.
Tetapi dalam keadaan biasa boleh kembangkan dan selesaikan.

1.
( ) 1 = x x y
x u = 1 = x v
1 =
dx
du
1 =
dx
dv

dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+ =
( ) ( )( ) 1 1 1 + = x x
dx
dy

1 + = x x
1 2 = x

2.
( ) 4 2 + = x x y
x u 2 = 4 + = x v
2 =
dx
du
1 =
dx
dv


dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+ =
( ) ( )( ) 2 4 1 2 + + = x x
dx
dy

8 2 2 + + = x x
8 4 + = x
( ) 2 4 + = x

3.
( )( ) 3 1 2 + = x x y
1 2 = x u 3 + = x v
2 =
dx
du
1 =
dx
dv

dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+ =
( )( ) ( )( ) 2 3 1 1 2 + + = x x
dx
dy

6 2 1 2 + + = x x
5 4 + = x
4.
( )( ) 5 3 2
2
+ = x x y
2
2
+ = x u 5 3 = x v
x
dx
du
2 = 3 =
dx
dv


dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+ =
( )( ) ( )( ) x x x
dx
dy
2 5 3 3 2
2
+ + =
x x x 10 6 6 3
2 2
+ + =
6 10 9
2
+ = x x

Soalan Latihan :

1.
( ) 5
2
= x x y
2.
( ) 2 2
2
+ = x x y
3.
( )( ) x x y + + = 3 4
4.
( )( ) 5 3 2
2
+ = x x y
5.
( )( ) x x y + = 3 4 2
6.
( )( ) 5 3 2
2
+ = x x x y

MATH

Dxsuki
E) Pembezaan Hasil Bahagi

v
u
y =
2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

=

Contoh Soalan

1.

1
2
+
=
x
x
y

2
x u = 1 + = x v
x
dx
du
2 = 1 =
dx
dv

2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

=

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1
1 2 1
+
+
=
x
x x x


( )
2
2 2
1
2 2
+
+
=
x
x x x


( )
2
2
1
2
+
+
=
x
x x


( )
( )
2
1
2
+
+
=
x
x x


2.

1 3
2
2

+
=
x
x
y
2
2
+ = x u 1 3 = x v
x
dx
du
2 = 3 =
dx
dv

2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

=

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1 3
3 2 2 1 3

+
=
x
x x x


( )
( )
2
2 2
1 3
6 3 2 6

+
=
x
x x x


( )
2
2 2
1 3
6 3 2 6

=
x
x x x


( )
2
2
1 3
6 2 3

=
x
x x

MATH

Dxsuki
3.
x x
x
y
5
1 4
4
2
+
+
=
1 4
2
+ = x u x x v 5
4
=
x
dx
du
8 = 5 4
3
= x
dx
dv

2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

=

( ) ( )( )
( )
2
4
3 2 4
5
5 4 1 4 8 5
x x
x x x x x

+
=

( )
( )
2
4
3 2 5 2 5
5
5 4 20 16 40 8
x x
x x x x x

+
=

( )
2
4
3 2 5 2 5
5
5 4 20 16 40 8
x x
x x x x x

+ +
=

( )
2
4
2 3 5
5
5 20 4 8
x x
x x x

+
=

( )
2
4
2 3 5
5
5 20 4 8
x x
x x x

+ +
=

4.
3 2
9
2
+

=
x
x x
y
x x u 9
2
+ = 3 2 = x v
x
dx
du
2 = 2 =
dx
dv

2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

=

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
3 2
2 9 2 3 2

+
=
x
x x x x


( )
( )
2
2 2
3 2
18 2 6 4

+
=
x
x x x x


( )
2
2 2
3 2
18 2 6 4

=
x
x x x x


( )
2
2
3 2
24 2

=
x
x x


( )
2
3 2
) 12 ( 2

=
x
x x



MATH

Dxsuki
2. then bezakan yang
dalam kurungan

Soalan Latihan :

1.
2
5
2
4

+
=
x
x
y
2.
( )( )
2
3 2 1
2
+
+
x
x x
y kembangkan dulu yg atas
3.
3 2
9
+

=
x
x
y
4.
( )
x
x
y

=
2
3 2
2
kembangkan dulu yg atas


F) Pembezaan Fungsi Gubahan (Petua Rantai)

( ) u f y =
( ) u g u = dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
* =

NOTA PENTING :
Gunakan petua rantai @ fungsi gubahan nie adalah untuk persamaan yang
kuasanya > 2. (jika kuasa 2 maka persamaan itu perlu dikembangkan)
Terdapat 2 cara untuk selesaikan persamaan yg ada kuasa > 2
Contoh : ( )
6
2
2 3 = x y
o Gunakan petua rantai
katakan : 2 3
2
= x u
6
u y =
x
dx
du
6 =
5
6u
du
dy
=
dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
* = PETUA RANTAI/ FUNGSI GUBAHAN
x u
dx
dy
6 6
5
- =
( )
5
36 u x =
then gantikan balik nilai u tadi dgn nilai sebenar
( )
5
2
2 3 36 = x x

o Gunakan cara biasa (mesti tunjuk cara petua rantai dulu baru cara ini)

( ) ( ) 2 3 2 3 6
2
6
2
= x
dx
d
x
dx
dy

( ) x x 6 2 3 6
1 6
2
- =


( )
5
2
2 3 36 = x x

cara ini sesuai untuk selesaikan persamaan yang ada juga gunakan
cara Pembezaan Hasil Darab atau Pembezaan Hasil Bahagi :
Contoh soalan : ( ) ( ) 1 2 3
5
2
= x x y atau
2
5 3
3
+
+
=
x
x
y
Akan diterangkan lebih lanjut selepas Petua Rantai

1. bezakan kuasa
mula
2
kuasa turunkan
dan kuasa -1
MATH

Dxsuki
Contoh Soalan PETUA RANTAI/FUNGSI GUBAHAN

1.
( )
5
3
3 + = x y
katakan 3
3
+ = x u ,
5
u y =

2
3x
dx
du
=
4
5u
du
dy
=

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
* =

2 4
3 5 x u
dx
dy
- =
( )
4 2
15 u x =
gantikan balik nilai :
( )
4
3 2
3 15 + = x x
dx
dy


2.
( )
8
2
3 2 x x y + =
katakan x x u 3 2
2
+ = ,
8
u y =
3 4 + = x
dx
du

7
8u
du
dy
=

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
* =
( ) 3 4 8
7
+ - = x u
dx
dy

gantikan balik nilai :
( ) ( ) 3 4 3 2 8
7
2
+ + = x x x
dx
dy


3.
( )
7
3
2 x y =
katakan
3
2 x u = ,
7
u y =

2
3x
dx
du
=
6
7u
du
dy
=

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
* =

2 6
3 7 x u
dx
dy
- =
( )
6 2
21 u x =
gantikan balik nilai :
( )
6
3 2
2 21 x x
dx
dy
=

4.

( )
5
3
2 5
1
+
=
x
y maka ( )
5
3
2 5

+ = x y
katakan 2 5
3
+ = x u ,
5
= u y

2
15x
dx
du
=
6
5

= u
du
dy


dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
* =

2 6
15 5 x u
dx
dy
- =


( )
6 2
75

= u x
gantikan balik nilai :
( )
6
3 2
2 5 75

+ = x x
dx
dy


Soalan Latihan :

1.
( )
11
5 3 = x y
2.
( )
5
2
2 + = x y
3.
( )
9
2 3
3 2 5 x x x y + =
4.
( )
15
3
2 4 x y + =
5.
4
1
2
3
|
.
|

\
|
=
x
y
6.
12
2
2 3 5
2 3
|
|
.
|

\
| +
=
x
x x x
y
7.
( )
6
2
5 2
2
x
y

=
8.
( ) 2 3
1
4
+
=
x
y
9.
( )
4
2
5 3 2
5
x x
y

=
10.
( )
3
3
5
1
x x
y
+
=


MATH

Dxsuki
Soalan Berkaitan Pembezaan kuasa > 2


1.
( ) ( ) 3 1 2
4 5
+ = x x y

( )
5
1 2 = x u 3
4
+ = x v
( ) 2 1 2 5
4
- = x
dx
du

3
4x
dx
dv
=
( )
4
1 2 10 = x

dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+ =
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
4 4 3 5
1 2 10 3 4 1 2 + + - = x x x x
dx
dy

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 10 1 2 4 1 2
4 3 4
+ + = x x x x
( ) ( ) 30 10 4 8 1 2
4 3 4 4
+ + = x x x x
( ) ( ) 30 4 18 1 2
3 4 4
+ = x x x
( ) ( ) 15 2 9 2 1 2
3 4 4
+ - = x x x
( ) ( ) 15 2 9 1 2 2
3 4 4
+ = x x x

2.
( ) ( )
8
3
3
5 3 3 2 + = x x y

( )
3
3
3 2 + = x u ( )
8
5 3 = x v
( )
2
2
3
6 3 2 3 x x
dx
du
- + = ( ) 3 5 3 8
7
- = x
dx
dv

( )
2
3 2
2 2 18 + = x x ( )
7
5 3 24 = x

dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+ =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2
3 2 8 7
3
3
2 2 18 5 3 5 3 24 2 2 + + - + = x x x x x
dx
dy

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2 3 7
2
3
18 5 3 24 2 2 5 3 2 2 x x x x x + + + =
( ) ( ) | |
2 3 3 7
2
3
90 54 48 48 5 3 2 2 x x x x x + + + =
( ) ( ) | | 48 90 102 5 3 2 2
2 3 7
2
3
+ + = x x x x
( ) ( ) ( ) | | 24 45 51 2 5 3 2 2
2 3 7
2
3
+ + = x x x x
( ) ( ) ( ) 24 45 51 5 3 2 2 2
2 3 7
2
3
+ + = x x x x




Faktorkan

Faktorkan

MATH

Dxsuki
3.
( )
( )
2
3
3
1 2
3

+
=
x
x
y

( )
3
3 + = x u ( )
2
3
1 2 = x v
( ) 1 3 3
2
- + = x
dx
du
( )
2 3
6 1 2 2 x x
dx
dv
- =
( )
2
3 3 + = x ( ) 1 2 12
3 2
= x x

2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

=

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( )
4
3
3 2 3 2
2
3
1 2
1 2 12 3 3 3 1 2

- + + -
=
x
x x x x x
dx
dy


( )( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( )
4
3
2 3 2 3
1 2
4 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

+ +
=
x
x x x x x


( )( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( )
4
3
2 3 3 2 3
1 2
12 4 1 2 3 1 2 3

+ +
=
x
x x x x x


( )( ) | |
( )
4
3
2 3 3 2 3
1 2
12 4 1 2 3 1 2 3

+
=
x
x x x x x


( ) | |
( )
3
3
2 3 2
1 2
1 12 2 3 3

+
=
x
x x x


( ) | |
( )
3
3
2 3 2
1 2
1 12 2 3 3

+ + +
=
x
x x x


4.
( )
( )
8
3
5
2
1
5 3

+
=
x
x
y

( )
5
2
5 3 + = x u ( )
8
3
1 = x v
( ) x x
dx
du
6 5 3 5
4
2
- + = ( )
2
7
3
3 1 8 x x
dx
dv
- =
( )
4
2
5 3 30 + = x x ( )
7
3 2
1 24 = x x

2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

=

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( )
16
3
7
3
5
2
4
2
8
3
1
1 24 5 3 5 3 30 1

- + + -
=
x
x x x x x x
dx
dy

MATH

Dxsuki

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( )
16
3
2 3
4
2
7
3
1
4 5 3 5 1 5 3 1 6

+ +
=
x
x x x x x


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( )
16
3
2 3
4
2
7
3
1
20 12 5 5 5 3 1 6

+ +
=
x
x x x x x


( ) ( ) | |
( )
16
3
2 3
4
2
7
3
1
20 12 5 5 5 3 1 6

+
=
x
x x x x x


( ) ( )
( )
9
3
2 3
4
2
1
25 12 5 5 3 6

+
=
x
x x x x



Soalan Latihan :


1.
( ) ( )
5
4 11
2 5 5 3 + = x x y
2.
( ) ( )
7
2
5
2
3 4 2 x x y + =
3.
7
2
2 5
4
3 2
1
2
3
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
x
x x
x
y
4.
( )
3
8
3
1 3
x
x
y
+
=
5.
( )
( )
6
2
4
2
5 2
2 5
x
x x
y

+
=
6.
( )
6
4
3
2 5 x
x
y
+
=

























MATH

Dxsuki

G)
Pembezaan peringkat kedua ditanda sbg
2
2
dx
y d
yg bermakna |
.
|

\
|
dx
dy
dx
d


Pembezaan peringkat kedua atau peringkat tinggi ini mengkehendaki kita buat
pembezaan sebanyak 2 kali terhadap persamaan yang diberi
Mula-mula bezakan seperti biasa
dx
dy
(peringkat pertama) then persamaan yang
telah dibezakan tadi bezakan sekali lagi
2
2
dx
y d

Cth soalan
i.
1 2 3
2
= x x y
0 2
2
1
6
2
1
- =

x x
dx
dy


2
1
6

= x x
2
3
2
2
2
1
6

+ = x
dx
y d

ii.
t t
t
t f + =
2
3
2
2
) (
t t t t f + =
2 3
2 2 ) (
( ) 1 4 6 '
4
dx
d
t
dx
d
t
dx
d
x f + =


1 4 6
4
+ =

t t
( ) 4 24 ' '
5
dx
d
t
dx
d
x f =


4 24
5
=

t

iii.
) 2 )( 1 2 ( + = x x y
2 4 2
2
+ = x x x
2 3 2
2
+ = x x
3 4 + = x
dx
dy

4
2
2
=
dx
y d



Dapatkan nilai-nilai terbitan kedua bagi fungsi-fungsi berikut apabila t = 2.
i.
1 3 4
2
+ = t t s
ii.
3
2 3 = t s
iii. t t t s
3
2
2 5
2 3
+ =















MATH

Dxsuki
Pembezaan Fungsi Trigonometri

1.
x sin
x
dx
d
dx
d
sin =
kos = x

2.
kos x
kos
dx
d
dx
d
= x
x sin =


3. x tan
x
dx
d
dx
d
tan =
x sek
2
=

4.
ax sin
ax
dx
d
ax
dx
d
dx
d
- = sin
kos = a ax -
a = kos ax

5.
kos ax
kos
dx
d
dx
d
= ax
dx
d
ax -
a ax- = sin
ax asin =

6. ax tan
ax
dx
d
ax
dx
d
dx
d
- = tan
a ax sek - =
2

a = ax sek
2


7.
( ) b ax + sin
( ) b ax
dx
d
b ax
dx
d
dx
d
+ - + = sin
kos = ( ) ( ) a b ax - +
a = kos ( ) b ax +

8.
kos ( ) b ax +
kos
dx
d
dx
d
= ( ) b ax
dx
d
b ax + - +
( ) ( ) a b ax - + = sin
( ) b ax a + = sin

9.
( ) b ax + tan
( ) b ax
dx
d
b ax
dx
d
dx
d
+ - + = tan
( ) ( ) a b ax sek - + =
2

a = ( ) b ax sek +
2


MATH

Dxsuki
Contoh Soalan

1.
( ) x x f sin =
( ) kos x f = ' x
2.
( ) kos x f = x
( ) x x f sin ' =

3. x tan
x sek
dx
d
2
=
4. x y 5 sin =
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
5 5 sin - =
kos = 5 5 - x
kos 5 = x 5

5.
( ) x kos x f 3 =
( ) x
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
x f 3 3 ' - =
3 3 sin - = x
x 3 sin 3 =
6. x y 7 tan =
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
7 7 tan - =
7 7
2
- = x sek
x sek 7 7
2
=

7. x y 4 sin 5 =
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
4 4 sin 5 - =
kos 5 = 4 4 - x
kos 20 = x 4
8.
( ) x x f 6 tan 2 =
( ) x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x f 6 6 tan 2 ' - =
6 6 2
2
- = x sek
x sek 6 12
2
=



Contoh Soalan

1.
( ) 1 3 sin + = x y
( ) ( ) 1 3 1 3 + - + = x
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
dx
dy

kos = ( ) 3 1 3 - + x
( ) 1 3 3 + = x kos
2.
( ) kos x f = ( ) x 3 5
( ) ( ) ( ) x
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
x f 3 5 3 5 ' - =
( ) 3 3 5 sin - = x
( ) x 3 5 sin 3 =

3. ( ) 3 2 tan 2 = x y
( ) ( ) 3 2 3 2 tan 2 - = x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
d

( ) 2 3 2 2
2
- = x sek
( ) 3 2 4
2
= x sek
4.
x y
5
2
sin =
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
5
2
5
2
sin - =
kos =
5
2
5
2
- x
kos
5
2
= x
5
2


MATH

Dxsuki
5.
|
.
|

\
|
= x kos y
2
1
1 2
|
.
|

\
|
- |
.
|

\
|
= x
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
dx
dy
2
1
1
2
1
1 2

2
1
2
1
1 sin -
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= x
|
.
|

\
|
= x
2
1
1 sin

6.
( ) 5 2 tan 3
2
+ = x y
( ) ( ) 5 2 5 2 tan 3
2 2
+ - + = x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy

3 = ( ) x x sek 4 5 2
2 2
- +
x 12 = ( ) 5 2
2 2
+ x sek



10.
x
n
sin
x
dx
d
dx
d
n
sin = - x
dx
d
x
dx
d
- sin
x n
n 1
sin

= kos x 1 -


11.
x kos
n

kos
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
dx
d
n
- = x
dx
d
x -
1 sin .kos
1 - n
- - = x x n
n = x kos
n 1
x sin



12.
x
n
tan
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
d
n
- - = tan tan
1 tan
2 1
- - =

x sek n
n


n = x
n 1
tan

x sek
2




Contoh Soalan

1.
x y 2 sin
2
=
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
- - = sin sin
2

kos x - = sin 2 1 - x
kos x - = sin 2 x
2.
( )
3
kos x f = x
( ) kos
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
x f - =
3
' x
dx
d
x -
1 sin 3
2
- - = x x kos
x x kos sin 3
2
=

3.
x y 3 tan
2
=
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
d
3 3 tan 3 tan
2
- - =
3 3 3 tan 2
2
- - = x sek x
x 3 tan 6 = x sek 3
2

4.
x y 5 sin 2
3
=
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
5 5 sin 5 sin 2
3
- - =
kos x - - = 5 sin 3 2
2
5 5 - x
x 5 sin 30
2
= kos x 5


1. Bezakan KUASA
turunkan kuasa, kuasa -1
2. Bezakan TRIGO
3. Bezakan x atau dlm
kurungan

MATH

Dxsuki
5.
( ) ( ) 1 3 2
4
= x kos x f
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 '
4
- = x
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
x f
( ) ( ) 3 1 3 sin 1 3 4 2
3
- - - = x x kos
( ) ( ) 1 3 sin 1 3 24
3
= x x kos

6.
( ) 1 2 tan 2
2 3
+ = x y
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2 tan 1 2 tan 2
2 2 2 3
+ + - + = x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy

( ) ( ) x x sek x 4 1 2 1 2 tan 3 2
2 2 2 2
- + - + - =
( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2 tan 24
2 2 2 2
+ + = x sek x x


13.
sek x
sek
dx
d
x sek = x x tan


14.
kosek x
kosek
dx
d
x kosek = x kot x


15.
kot x
kot
dx
d
x x kosek
2
=



CONTOH SOALAN

1.
x sek y
4
=
KAEDAH 1 (PETUA RANTAI) KAEDAH 2 (CARA MUDAH)
Katakan:
sek u = x x sek y
4
=
sek
dx
du
= x x tan
4
u y =

3
4u
du
dy
=
dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
=
sek u
dx
dy
=
3
4 x x tan
x sek
3
4 = sek x x tan
4 = x sek tan
4


x sek y
4
=
sek
dx
d
x sek
dx
d
dx
dy
- =
4
x x
dx
d
-
x sek
3
4 = sek - 1 tan - x x
4 = x sek tan
4





MATH

Dxsuki
2.
x kosek y 2
3
=


KAEDAH 1 (PETUA RANTAI) KAEDAH 2 (CARA MUDAH)
Katakan:
kosek u = x 2 x kosek y 2
3
=
kosek
dx
du
2 = xkot 2 x 2
3
u y =

2
3u
du
dy
=
dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
=
kosek u
dx
dy
2 3
2
= xkot 2 x 2
kosek u
2
6 = x 2 kot x 2
6 = kosek x kosek - 2
2
x 2 kot x 2
x kosek 2 6
3
= kot x 2

x kosek y 2
3
=
x
dx
d
x kosek
dx
d
x kosek
dx
d
dx
dy
2 2 2
3
- =

2
3kosek = 2 2 2 2 - - x xkot kosek x
x kosek 2 6
3
= kot x 2



NOTE PENTING !!!

1. PEMBEZAAN dilaksanakan mengikut ARAHAN yang diberi.
2. CARA MUDAH bagi soalan seperti ( ) 1 3x sin 2 y
2 3
= ialah
a. Letakkan 2 dihadapan
b. Bezakan kuasa turunkan kuasa dan kuasa -1
c. Bezakan trigo (abaikan kuasanye)
d. Bezakan x atau yang dalam kurungan











( ) 1 3 sin 2
2 3
= x y
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 3 1 3 sin 1 3 sin 2
2 2 2 3
= x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy

( ) ( ) x x kos x 6 1 3 1 3 sin 3 2
2 2 2
- - - =
x 36 = ( ) 1 3 sin
2 2
x ( ) 1 3
2
x kos

MATH

Dxsuki
3. Cara mudah diatas boleh digunakan tidak kira sama ada kena gunakan kaedah HASIL
TAMBAH, HASIL TOLAK, HASIL DARAB atau HASIL BAHAGI.













Contoh Soalan
Dengan menggunakan Teknik Pembezaan Fungsi Trigonometri, bezakan y terhadap x.
i. x kos x y 4 ) 1 2 ( sin 2
2 2
= ii. x x sek y 2 tan 4
3
=
iii.
2
3
2
5 sin
x kot
x
y = iv.
x kos
x sek
y
3 2
5
=
v. x y 4 sin
3
= vi. x kos y 2
6
=
vii. x y 3 tan
2
= viii. ( ) 1
2 2
+ = x kos y
ix. ( ) z z kos y 3 sin 1 3 3
5 4
- = x.
( )
2 4
2
2 sin
4 tan 2
x
x
y

=

















( )( )
2 2
5 2 3 sin x kos x y =

x u 3 sin
2
=
2
5 2 x kos v =
3 3 3 sin 2 - - = x kos x
dx
du
x x
dx
dv
10 5 sin 2
2
- - =
x xkos3 3 sin 6 =
2
5 sin 20 x x =

dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+ = gantikan/masukkan nilai
( )( ) ( )( ) x xkos x kos x x x
dx
dy
3 3 sin 6 5 2 5 sin 20 3 sin
2 2 2
+ =
x 20 = x 3 sin
2 2
5 sin x 12 + kos x x 3 sin 5
2
kos x 3
MATH

Dxsuki
Pembezaan Fungsi Logarithma



x log x ln
e
=


1.
x ln
x
1
x ln
dx
d
=

2.
( ) b ax ln +
( ) b ax ln
dx
d
dx
d
+ =

b ax
a
+
=


Notes
a)
( ) y ln x ln xy ln + =

b)
y ln x ln
y
x
ln =

c)
n x ln
n
= x ln

d)
( ) xx ln x ln
2
=
x ln x ln + =
x ln 2 =




Pembezaan Fungsi Eksponen

1.
x
e y =
x x
e e
dx
d
=

2. ax
e y =
ax ax
ae e
dx
d
=

3. b ax
e y
+
=
b ax b ax
ae e
dx
d
+ +
=


Notes
a) y x y x
e e e =
+


b)
y
x
y x
e
e
e =

c)
x
1
e
1
e =

CARA MUDAH UTK INGAT !!!
1. bezakan x atau yg dlm kurungan
(letak diatas)
2. buat garisan per
3. salin balik yg dlm kurungan
(letak dibwh garisan per)
CARA MUDAH UTK INGAT !!!
1. bezakan kuasa
(letak didepan/sebelah kanan
tanda =)
2. salin balik keseluruhan eksponen
tadi
MATH

Dxsuki
Contoh Soalan Logaritma

1. x y ln =
x dx
dy 1
=
2.

2
ln x y =
2
2
x
x
dx
dy
=

x
2
=

3. x y 2 ln =
x ln 2 ln + =
x
dx
d
dx
d
dx
dy
ln 2 ln + =

x
1
0 + =

x
1
=

ATAU
x y 2 ln =
x dx
dy
2
2
=

x
1
=


4.
x
y
2
ln =
x ln 2 ln =
x
dx
d
dx
d
dx
dy
ln 2 ln =

x
1
0 =

x
1
=


ATAU

x
y
2
ln =

1
2 ln

= x y
1
2
2
2

=
x
x
dx
dy


x x
2 2
2

=

2
2
2
x
x

=

x
1
=

5.
( ) 3 2 ln + = x y
3 2
2
+
=
x dx
dy

6.
( ) 3 2 ln
3
+ = x y
3 2
6
3
+
=
x
x
dx
dy












MATH

Dxsuki
7.
( )( ) 1 2 3 ln
2
+ = x x y
( ) ( ) 1 2 ln 3 ln
2
+ + = x x
( ) ( ) 1 2 ln 3 ln
2
+ + = x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy


1 2
2
3
6
2
+
+ =
x x
x


( ) ( )
( )( ) 1 2 3
3 2 1 2 6
2
2
+
+ +
=
x x
x x x


( )( ) 1 2 3
6 6 12
2
2 2
+
+ +
=
x x
x x x


( )( ) 1 2 3
6 18
2
2
+
+
=
x x
x x


( )
( )( ) 1 2 3
1 3 6
2
+
+
=
x x
x x

8.

1 2
3
ln
2
+
=
x
x
y
( ) ( ) 1 2 ln 3 ln
2
+ = x x
( ) ( ) 1 2 ln 3 ln
2
+ = x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy


1 2
2
3
6
2
+
=
x x
x


( ) ( )
( )( ) 1 2 3
3 2 1 2 6
2
2
+
+
=
x x
x x x


( )( ) 1 2 3
6 6 12
2
2 2
+
+
=
x x
x x x


( )( ) 1 2 3
6 6
2
2
+
+
=
x x
x x


( )
( )( ) 1 2 3
1 6
2
+
+
=
x x
x x


9.
( )
2
3
3 2 ln + = x y
( ) 3 2 ln 2
3
+ = x
3 2
6
2
3
2
+
- =
x
x
dx
dy


3 2
12
3
2
+
=
x
x

10.
x y 3 ln =

2
1
3 ln x =
x 3 ln
2
1
=
x dx
dy
3
3
2
1
- =

x 2
1
=

11.
( )
2
ln x y =
( ) x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
ln ln
2
- =

x
x
1
ln 2 - =

x
x ln 2
=

ATAU
Petua rantai
x u ln =
2
u y =
x dx
du 1
= u
du
dy
2 =

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
=
x
u
dx
dy 1
2 =

x
u 2
=

x
x ln 2
=



MATH

Dxsuki
13.
( ) x y 2 ln ln =
x u 2 ln = u y ln =
x dx
du 1
=
u du
dy 1
=

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
=
x u dx
dy 1 1
=

xu
1
=

x xln
1
=
14.
x y 4 ln =
x u 4 ln =
2
1
u y =
x dx
du 1
=
2
1
2
1
= u
du
dy


dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
=
x
u
dx
dy 1
2
1
2
1
=

u x 2
1
=

x x 4 ln 2
1
=

15.
3
1
2
2
1 3
ln |
.
|

\
|

=
x
x
y
|
.
|

\
|

=
2
2
1 3
ln
3
1
x
x

( ) ( ) | |
2
2 ln 1 3 ln
3
1
x x =
( ) ( )
(

=
2
2 ln 1 3 ln
3
1
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy


(

=
2
2
2
1 3
3
3
1
x
x
x


( ) ( )
( )( )
(

=
2
2
2 1 3
1 3 2 2 3
3
1
x x
x x x


( )
( )( )
(

=
2
2 2
2 1 3
2 6 3 6
3
1
x x
x x x


( )( )
(

+
=
2
2 2
2 1 3
2 6 3 6
3
1
x x
x x x


( )( )
(

+ +
=
2
2
2 1 3
6 2 9
3
1
x x
x x


( )( )
2
2
2 1 3 3
6 2 9
x x
x x

+ +
=






MATH

Dxsuki
Contoh Soalan Eksponen

1.

x
e y =
x
e
dx
dy
=

2.

2x
e y =
2x
2e
dx
dy
=


3

2
2x
e y =
2
2x
4e
dx
dy
=
4.

1 2x
2
e y
+
=
1 2x
2
4e
dx
dy
+
=

5.

3x
3e y =
3x
3e 3
dx
dy
- =

3x
e 9 =
6.

2y 3x
e y
+
=

2y 3x
e e y - =
2y 3x
e
dx
d
e
dx
d
dx
dy
- =

2y 3x
2e 3e - =

2y 3x
6e
+
=


7.

2y 3x
e y

=

2y
3x
e
e
y =
2y
3x
e
dx
d
e
dx
d
dx
dy
=

2y
3x
2e
3e
=

y 2
=
3x
e
2
3

8.
2x
lne y =

2x
e u = lnu y =
2x
2e
dx
du
=
u
1
du
dy
=

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
=
2x
2e
u
1
dx
dy
=

u
2e
2x
=

2x
2x
e
2e
=
2 =